[{"text": "The Tabriz Uprising or Siege of the Constitutionalists in Tabriz \u2014 refers to the battles that took place in the city of Tabriz and the province of Azerbaijan between the constitutionalist forces and Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar. This conflict began following the period known as the \"Minor Tyranny\" and the bombardment of the Iranian National Assembly, and ultimately contributed, albeit indirectly, to the capture of Tehran and the dethronement of Mohammad Ali Shah. After the Majles was shelled on 23 June 1908, constitutionalist forces in Tehran and several other cities were defeated, fled, or imprisoned. However, the constitutionalists in Tabriz resisted the Shah\u2019s supporters and successfully forced them to retreat. Their resistance reignited hope and enthusiasm among constitutionalist factions in other parts of the country. In Tabriz, the constitutionalists were organized through bodies such as the National Association of Azerbaijan and the Secret Center, and they maintained ties with social-democratic circles in the Caucasus. As a result, they were aware of the necessity of arming themselves and undergoing military training. By the time the conflict began, the Tabriz constitutionalists had already made preparations. In the early days, the royalist forces achieved several successes and managed to occupy large parts of"}, {"text": "the city. However, the resistance mounted by the mujahideen in the Amirkhiz district of Tabriz under the leadership of Sattar Khan led to the defeat of the forces commanded by Rahim Khan Chalabianlu. In response, opponents of the constitutional movement formed an organization in Tabriz called the Islamic Council, whose primary objective was to portray the constitutionalists as enemies of religion in the eyes of the public. Despite this, by August\u2013September 1908, the constitutionalist forces managed to regain full control of Tabriz. In an effort to suppress the movement, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar dispatched new forces under the command of Abdol Majid Mirza Qavanlu-Qajar, who placed the city under siege. Abdol Majid Mirza blocked the entry of food and essential supplies into Tabriz, causing severe famine and hardship among both civilians and the constitutionalist fighters. Russia, citing the protection of its nationals, entered Iranian territory and\u2014with the consent of the constitutionalists\u2014entered the city. Although the Russians initially maintained friendly relations with the constitutionalists, they soon began to pressure and persecute them, making it clear that they had no intention of withdrawing from Tabriz. As a result, some of the constitutionalist forces in the city were scattered, while others fled or"}, {"text": "joined fellow constitutionalists in the campaign to capture Tehran. These events have been reflected in various artistic and cultural works. In 1972, Iranian filmmaker Ali Hatami directed a film titled Sattar Khan based on these developments. Today, the busts of key military and political figures involved in the Tabriz events are displayed in the Tabriz Constitution House Museum. Background. In Tabriz. During the Qajar era, Azerbaijan was considered the most important province after the imperial capital. From the reign of Fath-Ali Shah up until the Constitutional Revolution, the province was typically assigned to the crown prince. For this reason, its capital, Tabriz, was often referred to as the Dar al-Saltanah (Abode of the Kingdom). Tabriz was the second-largest city in the country by population.. According to Bharier, the population was around 200,000, while Barthold estimated it at 240,000. These residents lived across the city\u2019s 16 main districts, each of which tended to be populated by specific social groups. For instance, the Sheshgelan district was largely inhabited by aristocrats; Khiyavan and Nobar were mostly home to merchants; while Qara Agach and Leylabad were primarily settled by artisans. Although the Davachi district was generally populated by low-income residents, some wealthy merchants also"}, {"text": "lived there. Tabriz held great economic significance and had access to global markets through its extensive commercial ties with the Ottoman and Russian Empires. On the eve of the Constitutional Revolution, 15 percent of Iran\u2019s exports and 25 percent of its imports passed through this city. Some Tabrizi merchants, through their frequent travels to the Ottoman and Russian empires, became familiar with modernity, and a few of them engaged in intellectual activity. They eventually began to demand a political system based on the rule of law and a constitution (i.e., constitutionalism). Consequently, two opposing strata\u2014the monarchists and the constitutionalists\u2014emerged in Tabriz. Among the constitutionalist ranks were certain clerics, including Hassan Taqizadeh, as well as teachers and merchants. Tabriz was connected to Tehran by two telegraph lines\u2014one state-owned and the other operated by an Anglo-Indian-European company. Thanks to this, Tabriz was able to receive news from the capital quickly. Additionally, the first modern school in Iran was established in Tabriz, and after Tehran, the first journal was also published there. On the eve of the Constitutional Revolution, many people from Iran\u2014particularly from the province of Azerbaijan\u2014had migrated to the Caucasus for work. A considerable number of these migrants were influenced by"}, {"text": "the 1905 Russian Revolution and began to lean toward radical ideologies. As a result, social-democratic tendencies became highly popular in Iranian Azerbaijan. It was these forces who later formed the Ijtima'iyun-i Amiyun (Social Democrats) and the National Association of Azerbaijan. According to Ismail Amirkhizi, one of the earliest members of the Ijtima'iyun-i Amiyun party, the party was founded in 1906, around the same time that the constitutional decree was issued. The founders of its Tabriz branch included individuals such as Mohammad Ali Tarbiat, Ali Monsieur, Hajji Ali Davachi, Yusif Khazdoz, and Hasan Sharifzadeh. They established a special governing body to direct the organization\u2019s activities, known as the Secret Center. Due to the covert nature of its operations, which continued until the end of 1909, little is known about the full scope of the party\u2019s activities. However, it is believed that the organization maintained close ties with the social-democratic centers in Baku. As crown prince, Mohammad Ali Mirza ruled over Tabriz with an iron hand. The threat of punishment became a widespread fear among the people, who felt they could not speak freely even in their own homes. Mohammad Ali Mirza paid particular attention to religious obligations, organizing Ashura ceremonies and"}, {"text": "sponsoring the publication of numerous religious and prayer texts. During the Constitutional Revolution, he attempted to prevent the unrest in Tehran from spreading to the province of Azerbaijan. While political turmoil plagued the capital, Tabriz and the surrounding region remained largely calm. The first public action taken by the constitutionalists in Tabriz occurred in late summer 1906, during the selection of representatives for the National Assembly. At that time, the electoral regulations had not yet been sent to Tabriz. The city\u2019s secret societies called on people to stage a sit-in at the British consulate, and many responded positively to this invitation. In September, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar granted permission for elections to be held in Azerbaijan. The constitutionalists who had gathered within the Secret Center established an organization to oversee the elections, known as the National Association of Azerbaijan. The Council\u2019s activities continued even after the elections had concluded. In December 1906, when Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar fell ill, the crown prince, Mohammad Ali Mirza, was summoned from Tabriz to Tehran. The National Association of Azerbaijan used this opportunity to form armed groups and provide them with training. These groups later became known as the Constitutional Mujahideen. The power vacuum"}, {"text": "resulting from the political transition in Azerbaijan led to deteriorating security and worsening economic conditions in the province. The Mujahideen responded by forcing hoarders to sell their stored grain to the public and by imposing price controls to prevent inflation. These actions led to a surge in public support and a growing number of volunteers. Public speakers in the city encouraged people to join these groups in their sermons and speeches. Initially, the Mujahideen consisted mostly of tradesmen and small-scale merchants. Over time, however, they began to attract individuals from other social classes, including the luti. The luti and Mujahideen shared certain characteristics: a search for justice, defense of the oppressed, and a general fearlessness in the face of confrontation. However, the luti were also associated with lawlessness and a lack of discipline. Sattar Khan was one such luti who later joined the Mujahideen. Another contingent of Mujahideen included Tabrizis who had previously joined the Ijtima'iyun (Socialist) Party in Baku. According to Taqizadeh, these fighters were known as the \u201cCaucasian Mujahideen\u201d because of the Caucasian-style uniforms they wore. The Caucasian Mujahideen recruited their own members and trained them independently, asserting their autonomy from the Secret Center. Their close ties to"}, {"text": "the socialist centers in Baku eventually led the Secret Center to grow suspicious of them. Among the various Mujahideen factions in Tabriz, there was also a conservative armed group led by Mir Hashem Tabrizi. He viewed both the Secret Center and the Caucasian Mujahideen with equal skepticism, believing that both were under foreign influence. Over time, tensions between these armed groups intensified, occasionally erupting into open conflict. In November and December 1907, Mohammad Ali Shah began his initial efforts to dissolve the Majles. Although the constitutionalists appeared to successfully thwart his attempts, and although he seemed to retreat from his demands, he continued secretly preparing for the assembly\u2019s dissolution. During this period, Azerbaijan became one of the centers of anti-constitutional activity. Reactionary forces there promoted ideological and regional divisions and conducted propaganda campaigns against the constitutionalists. As a result, divisions among the constitutionalist armed groups became more pronounced. One of the most significant clashes occurred on January 17, 1908, between the Mujahideen of the Khiyavan district, led by Mir Hashem Tabrizi and Baqir Khan, and those of the Sahrob district, commanded by Tufangchi. The fighting lasted two weeks and resulted in twenty people being killed or wounded. Although the National"}, {"text": "Association of Azerbaijan mediated an end to the conflict, constitutionalist leaders across all districts began mobilizing forces in preparation for future battles. On the 5th of Esfand 1286 (late February 1908), anti-constitutionalist forces established the Islamic Council. One of the Council\u2019s primary activities was to portray the constitutionalists as irreligious through extensive propaganda. This campaign had a strong impact on public opinion and further intensified the political atmosphere in Tabriz. In Tehran. In Tehran, following the prolonged tensions between the Shah and the Majles during 1907\u20131908, Mohammad Ali Shah left the capital on May 25, 1908, and moved to the Shah Garden (Shahbagh). Five days later, he issued a telegram from there, which was circulated across the country, accusing the constitutionalists of causing instability in the Iranian nation and state. The news of the Shah\u2019s actions in Tehran soon reached Tabriz and triggered unrest. The National Association of Azerbaijan endorsed a plan to depose Mohammad Ali Shah, which was supported by the constitutionalist factions of the city. Some of the mujahideen proposed sending selected individuals to Tehran to assist the cause. On June 17, 1908, a contingent of 300 mujahideen was prepared to be dispatched to Tehran. They set up"}, {"text": "camp in the village of Basmenj, near Tabriz, and awaited reinforcements. The commander of this group was Rashid al-Mulk, an ally of Mir Hashem Tabrizi, though he remained loyal to the Shah. The contingent also included prominent figures such as Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan, each commanding a group of fifty men. On June 19, Hasan Mujtahid Tabrizi declared that the constitution contradicted Islamic law and praised the Shah\u2019s recent actions in a telegram sent directly to him. Anti-constitutional elements in Tabriz intensified their activities from June 20 onward, gathering under the newly formed Islamic Anjoman. Local tribal leaders, including Shukrullah Khan Marandi, Sam Khan of the Haji Alilu clan, Zargam al-Nizam, and Haji Faramarz Khan, joined forces with them along with their armed followers. Consequently, several thousand riflemen assembled in the Davachi district of Tabriz, preparing for armed conflict with the constitutionalists. In response, the constitutionalists reaffirmed their resolve to resist and recalled their forces from Basmenj. Once Mohammad Ali Shah had consolidated his power, he entrusted the task of crushing parliamentary resistance to Colonel Vladimir Liakhov, commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade. On June 23, 1908, the Majles was bombarded with artillery fire. After sustaining significant casualties, the"}, {"text": "constitutionalists were defeated. Many individuals looted the parliament building, party offices, and the homes of constitutionalist leaders. Following this victory, Mohammad Ali Shah declared the dissolution of the Majles and proclaimed a state of emergency. Liakhov was appointed military governor of Tehran, and 39 individuals were arrested. Among the casualties was Mirza Ebrahim Tabrizi, the parliamentary representative from Tabriz, who died while actively resisting the government forces during the street clashes. Upon hearing the news from Tehran, armed opponents of the constitutional movement launched attacks on the constitutionalists\u2019 positions. Despite the rapid defeat of constitutionalist forces in Tehran, resistance in Tabriz began on June 23 and would continue for several months. After the shelling of the Majles, hope for constitutionalism began to fade across the country. Historian Abbas Amanat Acudani describes the situation as follows: Those who truly desired freedom retreated into corners, holding their breath. Everyone believed that the word \u2018constitutionalism\u2019 would never again be heard in Iran\u2014until the news of Tabriz\u2019s resistance slowly began to spread\u2026 The Outbreak of the uprising and Chalabiyanlu\u2019s assault on Tabriz. In the days immediately following the bombardment of the Majles, the foundations of the constitutionalist administrative apparatus in Tabriz collapsed. Some members"}, {"text": "of the Provincial Council joined the supporters of Mohammad Ali Shah, while others sought refuge in the French and Russian consulates. A number of them went into hiding in various locations. Haji Rahim Khan Chalabiyanlu, the chief of the Chalabiyanlu tribe from Qaradagh, was ordered by the Shah to attack and capture Tabriz. On 23 June 1908, he approached the outskirts of Tabriz with 1,000 cavalrymen and three cannons. Many residents of Tabriz, hoping to avoid clashes and bloodshed, attempted to persuade the constitutionalists to surrender. As a result, Baqer Khan abandoned resistance along with his forces and returned home. White flags, symbolizing surrender, began to appear on rooftops throughout the city. It soon became clear that the only group still resisting was in the Amirkhiz neighborhood, under the leadership of Sattar Khan. However, the looting, robberies, and killings carried out by royalist forces in the city led to widespread dissatisfaction\u2014even in neighborhoods where the constitutionalists had not been supported. In late Tir (mid-July), Sattar Khan and his followers secretly went to the Ark fortress and tore down the white flags that had been raised there. This act served as a signal for pro-constitutional fighters to return. Around the same"}, {"text": "time, Baqir Khan, having rearmed, launched an assault with his fighters on Shahzadeh Garden, where Rahim Khan had taken up position. As a result of the attack, Rahim Khan was forced to abandon the city. According to the Encyclopaedia of the Islamic World, the date of Rahim Khan\u2019s flight from Tabriz is given as July (24 Tir). After his departure, the Provincial Council granted Sattar Khan and Baqer Khan the honorary titles of Sardar-e Melli (\"National Commander\") and Salar-e Melli (\"National Leader\") in recognition of their bravery and struggle. The constitutionalists found their main base of support in Tabriz's middle-class neighborhoods, such as Sheykhi and Amirkhiz. In response, the Friday Prayer Leader (Imam Jom\u2018eh) of Tabriz, Haji Mirza Karimi, organized supporters of Mohammad Ali Shah and, with assistance from the Shahsevan tribes, established centers of resistance in lower-class areas such as Sorkhab. Conservative clerics in Tabriz sought to win over the poorer segments of society by fostering suspicion toward the constitutionalists. On 30 September 1908, after the constitutionalist feda'is captured the Davachi district\u2014one of the main strongholds of the reactionary forces\u2014the members of the anti-constitutional Islamiyya-e Davachi Council, particularly its founders and organizers including Mir Hashem, money-changers Haji Mohammad Taqi,"}, {"text": "Haji Mir Manaf, and Haji Mirza Baqer, as well as Rahim Khan, Shuja Nizam, and other leading reactionaries, fled the neighborhood and sought refuge in the camp of Ayn al-Dowleh. The residents of Davachi, Sorkhab, and Baghmisheh surrendered to Sattar Khan with their artillery and other weapons. Thus, Tabriz\u2019s middle-class neighborhoods became centers of support for the constitutionalists, while the lower-class districts aligned with anti-constitutional forces. After capturing the city, the constitutionalists were confronted by rural tribesmen and Shahsevan forces who had encircled Tabriz. However, before the constitutionalists could fully consolidate control over the city, Russian reports sent from Tabriz depicted the situation as follows: ...In the areas still under government control, all administrative offices have been destroyed. However, in the region governed by Sattar Khan, they have remained untouched. Official documents are now printed with the title \u2018The Sublime Province of Azerbaijan\u2019 (Ayalat-e Jalile-ye Azerbaijan). In recent days, a secret council known as the Majles-e Gheibi (\u2018Invisible Assembly\u2019) has been formed in Tabriz. This committee, bearing the seals of Sattar and Baqer, sends notices to wealthy individuals demanding specified sums. The committee has resolved to raise 65,000 tomans, of which 28,000 have so far been collected. These funds are"}, {"text": "designated for the defense of constitutionalism. According to rumors, a group of revolutionaries from the South Caucasus has arrived in Tabriz, including several explosives specialists. Our customs officials in Julfa have confiscated 1.5 poods of dynamite en route to Tabriz... Polarization Between Constitutionalists and Their Opponents. On 5 August 1908, the National Association of Azerbaijan, which had suspended its activities during the initial arrests, reconvened and was reconstituted with newly elected representatives to assume administrative control of the city. The mujahideen under the command of Sattar Khan began operating as the military arm of the Association. On 17 August, \u2018Abd al-Majid Mirza Qavanlu-Qajar was appointed as the new governor of Azerbaijan by order of Mohammad Ali Shah and arrived in Tabriz. He was accompanied by Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni, who was assigned as the commander of the Azerbaijani forces. Although new negotiations were initiated upon the arrival of \u2018Abd al-Majid Mirza, they ultimately yielded no results. By mid-September 1908, an army consisting of several thousand cavalrymen and multiple cannons was dispatched from Tehran and joined the royalist side. In his History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, Ahmad Kasravi states that the anti-constitutionalist forces numbered around 30,000. However, British journalist Arthur"}, {"text": "Moore and French officer Angevour both reported a figure of 6,000. The state was unable to pay the salaries of this army and therefore permitted them to plunder the city. Among the besieging forces were cavalrymen from the Yurtchu clan of the Shahsevan tribe and from the Qaradagh tribal confederation. Estimates for the number of constitutionalist forces vary in different sources, ranging from 2,000 to 10,000. Sattar Khan assumed leadership of the Tabriz mujahideen on his own initiative. He was not appointed to this role by any person or organization. However, his charisma and courageous conduct elevated him to such a position that the mujahideen began to follow him. He participated in all major confrontations in Tabriz and consistently risked his life by placing himself on the front lines. He was also involved in making political decisions, assisted in this by Isma\u2018il Amirkhizi and Mirza \u2018Ali Siqqat al-Islam. Other commanders who led mujahideen forces alongside Sattar Khan included Baqir Khan, Hoseyn Khan Baghban, Haji Khan, Mohammad-Sadeq Khan, and Yar-Mohammad Khan. At the same time, merchants operating in Istanbul established an organization under the name \u201cAnjoman-e Sa\u2018adat\u201d (Society of Prosperity). The aim of the organization was to collect financial support for"}, {"text": "the constitutionalists and to disseminate information about Azerbaijan to clerics in Najaf and other parts of the world. The organization was effective in fulfilling these tasks. In September 1908, Mortezaquli Iqbal al-Saltaneh, the governor of Maku, marched toward Tabriz with his forces to fight the constitutionalists. His nephew, \u2018Izzatollah Makui, was appointed as commander of these forces. On 9 September, heavy fighting occurred between the constitutionalists and Iqbal al-Saltaneh\u2019s troops in the villages of Khaje Dizaj and S\u0101gh\u0101l\u0101n near Tabriz. As a result, the anti-constitutionalist forces plundered both villages and killed many of their inhabitants. Four village elders were executed by cannon fire. Following their defeat in the First Russian Revolution, the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party issued a declaration expressing support for the resistance in Tabriz. The party called upon those with military experience and combat training to join the mujahideen in Tabriz, bringing with them their arms and ammunition. Consequently, volunteers from the Caucasus began arriving in Tabriz to fight. Among them were Iranian \u00e9migr\u00e9s working in the Caucasus, Azerbaijani Turks from Northern Azerbaijan, Georgian Social Democrats, and Dashnak Armenians. These volunteers began arriving gradually in Tabriz from August\u2013September 1908. Edward Granville Browne estimates their number at around"}, {"text": "100 individuals. However, the Russian Empire\u2019s Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated in August 1908 that the number of Caucasian volunteers who had joined the mujahideen in Tabriz ranged between 300 and 500. Historian Afary estimates this number to be between 500 and 800. The arrival of Caucasian \u00e9migr\u00e9s in Tabriz had a profound impact on the local constitutionalists and further radicalized the atmosphere. These revolutionaries wore uniforms, spoke openly about their revolutionary ideals, and played a leading role in efforts to realize them, owing to their greater experience. Their presence\u2014particularly that of the Georgian revolutionaries\u2014was significant in several ways. Their liberal outlook provoked opposition from conservative clerics, who branded them as atheists. First, they were skilled fighters who could serve as shock troops during critical moments in combat. Second, they taught the constitutionalists modern methods of warfare. Third, their experience in urban struggles in the Russian Empire helped popularize the effective use of hand grenades. Fourth, their arrival in besieged Tabriz raised morale among both the population and the constitutionalist forces. In the early stages of the resistance, the constitutionalists lacked organization and military discipline. However, as it became clear that the conflict would persist for a long time, a"}, {"text": "committee called the Military Commission was established to function as a central command for the constitutionalist forces. This commission was overseen by Sattar Khan and Baqer Khan. Under its orders, the constitutionalists were divided into units of 25 men. Each unit elected its own commander and was assigned to defend a specific position. Additionally, a Donation Commission was established to oversee military expenditures. This commission included 12 merchants and distributed funds to cover the battle costs of the constitutionalist commanders. The daily wage of an ordinary constitutionalist was one qiran. Bakeries were also established in the Khiyaban and Amirkhiz neighborhoods to support the mujahideen. The constitutionalists acquired their weapons through various means. Initially, weapons seized during the attack on the Ark Fortress in Tabriz were distributed among the volunteers. These weapons had limited range and were thus not very effective in combat. The Caucasian revolutionaries had brought their own arms. Over time, a trade network emerged to transport needed arms from Baku and Tiflis to Tabriz. As a result, the Julfa\u2013Tabriz corridor became vital to the constitutionalists. While they worked to keep this route open, royalist forces sought to cut it off. With the help of a Georgian, a workshop"}, {"text": "for manufacturing hand grenades was established within Tabriz itself. The Complete Takeover of Tabriz by the Constitutionalists. In September 1908, some neighborhoods of Tabriz were under the control of the constitutionalists, while others remained in the hands of monarchists loyal to Mohammad Ali Shah. At that time, a Russian diplomat residing in Tabriz recorded the situation as follows: On July 9, gunfire and artillery shelling persisted throughout the day, involving four neighborhoods of Tabriz that supported Sattar Khan, against the \u201cDavachi Islamiyah\u201d and the government forces, which included cavalry from Qaradagh and Marand. At the same time, the personal residence of the acting governor, Moktadir od-Dowleh, was attacked, but the operation failed due to the arrival of Rahim Khan\u2019s cavalry, who came with artillery support. Around 10 p.m., the shooting resumed. That day, gunfire was again heard around 3 p.m. Sattar Khan had decided to conduct an operation to seize the entire city. On October 10, 1908, the constitutionalist forces captured the Sheshgelan and Baghmisheh neighborhoods and launched operations against the Davachi neighborhood. After October 11, the constitutionalists also gained control of the Sarhab and Davachi neighborhoods. Abdol-Majid Mirza Qovanlu-Qajar ultimately decided to withdraw to Basmanj and surrendered the city"}, {"text": "to the constitutionalists. Thus, the entire city of Tabriz came under constitutionalist control. This offensive led to the fragmentation of monarchist forces. The leaders of the Islamic Association fled the city, Shuja al-Nezam withdrew to Marand, and Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni returned to the Tonekabon region. One of the main drivers behind this offensive by the constitutionalists was the near depletion of food supplies in the city. However, the victory enabled the restoration of supply routes into the city. Grain was collected from surrounding villages and other cities. According to Mohammad Baqir Vijouei, a Tabriz-based merchant, in his book The History of the Azerbaijani Revolution and the Tabriz Uprising, the price of bread in Tabriz dropped to such an extent that it had not been so cheap even twenty years earlier. The complete takeover of Tabriz ushered in a period of relative calm. This allowed the National Association of Azerbaijan to resume the city\u2019s daily administration, reopen schools, and begin addressing the damage caused by the fighting. The National Association established a committee composed of Sattar Khan, Baqir Khan, and Ajlal al-Molk to govern the city. The British Consul-General in Tabriz, Ratcliffe, reported that the city was in fact administered"}, {"text": "by Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan, while Ajlal al-Molk wielded no real power. As the next step in governing Tabriz, the constitutionalists sought to open the road from Tabriz to Jolfa, with Marand being a key point along the way. Once this route was opened, the constitutionalists could ensure a steady flow of provisions and military supplies into the city and establish connections with constitutionalists in the Caucasus. However, Shuja al-Nezam, the governor of Marand, remained a strong and serious rival of the constitutionalists. Consequently, they considered eliminating him. Haydar Khan Amo-oghli acquired the seal of one of Shuja al-Nezam\u2019s associates, placed a bomb inside a box, sealed it with the same seal, and sent it to Shuja al-Nezam. Upon opening the box, the bomb exploded, killing him. With his death, the path was cleared for the constitutionalists to seize not only Marand, but also other Azerbaijani cities such as Khoy and Maragheh. Siege and Famine. In late 1908 and early 1909, Samad Khan Shuja al-Dowleh, commanding a monarchist force composed of Qaradagh tribesmen, seized control of Maragheh and advanced toward Tabriz. He defeated the constitutionalists in the Khania region and brought Sardrud under his control. With the arrival of"}, {"text": "a new detachment of 400 Cossacks, six cannons, and regular tribal cavalry, the camp of Abdol-Majid Mirza Qovanlu-Qajar regained vitality. On January 16, 1909, these forces encircled the city. Although their assault was unsuccessful, they managed to impose a siege. Thus, a new and more intense phase of the conflict began. On February 4, 1909, the siege was complete, and all entry and exit points of the city fell into the hands of the monarchists. In response, Seyyed Hassan Taqizadeh, who had recently arrived from England and had criticized the constitutionalists\u2019 treatment of the people, formed a new militia called the National Guard. He was also able to recruit new members from among the mujahideen. In addition, Howard Baskerville, a teacher at the American Memorial School in Tabriz, formed an armed unit composed of merchant youth, known as the Salvation Force. Although the constitutionalists made repeated attempts to break the siege, they were unsuccessful. Sattar Khan once attempted to open the road to Julfa, but Rahimkhan Chalabianloo\u2019s forces soon arrived and stopped him. These events were described in a book published in 1988 based on Russian archival documents as follows: On February 20 (March 5), Abdol-Majid Mirza Qovanlu-Qajar and Samad"}, {"text": "Khan launched a general assault against the city, believing that it would decide the fate of Tabriz. The attack occurred simultaneously from the Qaramelek, Shanb Ghazan, and Basmenj directions. Additionally, Rahim Khan\u2019s band approached the bridge over the Ajichay River and engaged in combat in the northern outskirts of Tabriz. Thus, the reactionaries attacked the city from all sides. The main blow was delivered from the west, where Samed Khan\u2019s main forces were concentrated. The most intense fighting took place in the western districts of Tabriz\u2014Khatib and Ahuni\u2014as well as the adjoining Hokmavar neighborhood\u2026 In a fierce battle, the people of Tabriz completely defeated Samed Khan\u2019s forces, which had managed to enter the city. Samed Khan himself, preparing for victory, panicked and fled from Hokmavar, abandoning his loot. The fedayi units pursued them all the way to Qaramelek. In Khatib and Ahuni, the reactionaries were also defeated and retreated...The general assault on Tabriz on February 20 (March 5), for which the reactionaries had mobilized all their forces, ended in total failure. Despite efforts to ration essential goods, including bread, and repeated attempts to break the siege during February and March, the scarcity of supplies worsened and trade collapsed. The food"}, {"text": "shortage became so dire that people began eating grass due to hunger. Consequently, a significant number of people died of starvation. In the context of these events, the saying \u201cWe ate clover and made a constitution\u201d in Azerbaijani Turkic emerged among the people and continues to be used to this day. The residents of Tabriz were exhausted from the war, which brought them suffering without delivering the promised results. Groups of impoverished women publicly cursed Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan. There was a growing threat that poor people would attack the homes of the wealthy or the foreign consulates. The constitutionalists declared that they would not surrender. In order to end the resistance, they put forward a set of demands, which included the establishment of a constitutional regime in the country, a general amnesty, the lifting of the siege on the city, and the appointment of a new governor to Azerbaijan. To address the problems arising from the famine, the constitutionalists appealed to the British and Russian consuls: ...The Association officially informed all the consulates that it was impossible to provide bread to foreign subjects and invited Consul Wratislaw and me to discuss the situation. In writing, the Association requested"}, {"text": "our assistance in the following matters: 1) to open the Basmenj road and to allow the daily delivery of 150 kharvars of wheat and flour into the city for the starving population. They guaranteed that the bread would not be taken by the fighting fedayi forces and would be distributed solely to those suffering from hunger... The Entry of Russian Forces and the Lifting of the Siege. According to the agreement signed in 1907 between the Russian and British empires, northern Qajar Iran was designated as a Russian sphere of influence, while the southern regions fell under British influence. With the signing of this agreement\u2014commonly referred to as the 1907 Convention\u2014the British abandoned their policy, upheld for 75 years, of opposing or retaliating against Russian attempts to intervene or expand influence in northern Iran. The agreement granted Russia the right to act unilaterally against any development it deemed contrary to its interests within its designated zone. All of Iranian Azerbaijan, including Tabriz, fell within this recognized sphere of Russian influence. From the outset of the conflict, Russia expressed concern for the safety of its citizens. In mid-April 1909, Russia and Britain reached an understanding whereby Russian troops would enter Iranian"}, {"text": "territory and lift the siege of Tabriz. The consuls general of both countries assured the Provincial Anjoman that the Russian military presence in Tabriz would be temporary. Although the Association initially rejected this proposal, it eventually accepted the arrangement. When the Russian army reached the Julfa bridge, a local force led by Nurullah Yekani closed the bridge to prevent their passage. However, once official permission was granted by the Anjoman, the bridge was opened to allow the Russians to cross. On April 29, 1909, a 4,000-man Russian force under the command of General Znarski reached the outskirts of Tabriz. The army consisted of four battalions of Cossacks, three infantry battalions, two artillery battalions, and one engineering battalion. The troops encamped north of the Ajichay River. Initially, relations between the constitutionalists and the Russians were quite positive. The Russians refrained from entering the city without prior permission. At the same time, the constitutionalists were satisfied, since the Russians regularly brought grain into the city and consistently emphasized the temporary nature of their presence. Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan personally went to welcome General Znarski and instructed their forces not to offer any resistance to the Russian troops. As a result, the"}, {"text": "Iranian state military was dissolved, Abdol-Majid Mirza returned to Tehran, Rahim Khan withdrew to Marand, and the tribal forces retreated to their homelands. The arrival of the Russian army significantly increased the influence of the Russian consul in Tabriz, Miller, over the city\u2019s administration. The Russians requested Mohammad Ali Shah to appoint Ajlal al-Molk, a figure trusted by the constitutionalists, as governor of the city. Lacking alternatives, the Shah was compelled to accept this appointment. A few days after the Russian army\u2019s arrival, a Russian soldier standing guard was shot by an unidentified individual. In response, Russian troops opened fire indiscriminately, resulting in the death of a local resident. General Znarski demanded a payment of 10,000 tumans as compensation for the slain soldier. However, the National Association was unable to raise that amount. By the end of the designated period, only 3,000 tumans had been collected and handed over to the Russians. Tensions between the two sides began to escalate. A significant factor in this deterioration was the Russian military\u2019s mapping of the city, which fueled widespread suspicion that their presence in Tabriz was not temporary. Although the constitutionalists protested, these objections yielded no results. Subsequently, the Russians demanded the"}, {"text": "surrender of Caucasian constitutionalists whom they claimed as their citizens. When these demands were not met, they threatened to arrest Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan. In response, the Caucasian revolutionaries fled the city at night, first to Khoy and then across the Aras River back to the Caucasus. Some of them were arrested upon arrival and were later exiled to Siberia. On May 12, 1909, the Association announced that all individuals must surrender their weapons by noon the following day. The responsibility for collecting the weapons was assumed by the Russian forces. At the same time, on May 15, an order was issued to demolish the fortifications of Tabriz. The Russians destroyed the city's defensive structures using dynamite and artillery fire. In addition, the Russians began to pursue certain constitutionalist leaders. Among those arrested were Nayeb Qasem and Yusif Hamkavari. As a result, many constitutionalists either went into hiding or fled from Tabriz. The Caucasian revolutionaries returned to their respective regions, while Ali Monsieur was forced to seek refuge in the Ottoman consulate. The Ijtimaiyun-e-Amiyun and the Social Democratic Party ceased their activities. Although the Russian forces initially intended to destroy Baqir Khan\u2019s house by positioning cannons in front of"}, {"text": "it, they later abandoned this plan. Instead, they confiscated the properties of both Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan. The justification for this seizure was the alleged damage of 22,000 rubles caused by the constitutionalists to the Tabriz-Julfa Highway Company, which was to be compensated through the confiscated goods. The Russians also intended to arrest Baqir Khan, Sattar Khan, and Taqizadeh; however, they managed to escape and take refuge in the Ottoman consulate. Consequently, the Azerbaijani constitutionalists were dispersed and were unable to participate in the conquest of Tehran. Conclusion. Outcomes. The resistance of the people of Tabriz against the monarchists inspired constitutionalists in other cities to revive their own movements. New forces were organized in Khorasan, Fars, and Gorgan. Most notably, the constitutionalists in Isfahan and Gilan organized their own armed units and began marching toward Tehran. As a result of this march, they captured the capital and succeeded in deposing Mohammad Ali Shah. Although the constitutionalists of Tabriz were unable to participate in the campaign that led to the victory in Tehran due to the Russian occupation of the city, their eleven-month resistance had served to motivate constitutionalists elsewhere. With the abdication of Mohammad Ali Shah and the enthronement"}, {"text": "of Ahmad Shah Qajar, the constitutionalist forces were disbanded. On August 19, 1909, Mehdi Qoli Hedayat arrived in Tabriz as the new governor of Azerbaijan. Although he was a supporter of the constitutional movement and a modest man in private affairs, he considered politics to be the domain of intellectual elites, and thus paid little attention to the constitutionalist leaders. The resistance of the Tabriz constitutionalists laid the groundwork for another freedom movement that would erupt years later in the city. This movement, led by Sheikh Mohammad Khiyabani, began in April 1920 and ended in September of the same year with his death. During the Tabriz uprising, Khiyabani had supported the constitutionalists and was later elected as a representative to the Iranian Majles from that city. He was a vocal opponent of the 1919 Anglo-Iranian Agreement and a critic of the central government's policies. Fate of the Individuals. On March 19, 1910, Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan were invited to Tehran by the regent Ali Reza Khan Qovanlu-Qajar. Historian Shapour Ravasani argues that this invitation was accepted not out of the constitutionalist leaders\u2019 own will, but as a result of persistent pressure and even threats from the new government. Ravasani"}, {"text": "adds that these leaders held significant influence and popular support among both constitutionalists and the general public, which was contrary to the interests of the British and Russian empires. Therefore, the ambassadors of both empires pressured the Iranian government to bring these two figures to Tehran. The Russian government even warned that if Sattar Khan continued to interfere in the administration of Tabriz, it would launch a military attack on the city. Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan were warmly welcomed in every city along their route to Tehran. Upon their arrival in the capital, the people of Tehran received them with unprecedented enthusiasm. On April 18, 1910, they went to the National Assembly, where the deputies welcomed and congratulated them with great ceremony. At this time, conflict broke out between the Democratic Party and the Moderate Socialist Party. This rivalry gradually escalated into armed clashes, mutual attacks, and eventually the assassination of Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani. The Democratic Party and Haydar Khan Amo-oghli were accused of orchestrating the assassination. Subsequently, the Majlis ordered all constitutionalists to surrender their weapons by mid-August 1910. However, this order was applied particularly rigorously to Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan. Supporters of Sardar As'ad Bakhtiari and"}, {"text": "the Democratic Party were still allowed to carry weapons freely. As a result, Sattar Khan and his followers viewed the order with suspicion and refused to comply. A confrontation broke out between the state forces and the constitutionalists during the disarmament operation in Atabak Park. During this incident, Sattar Khan was shot in the knee. It is believed that he may have been shot by someone from within his own close circle. Due to this wound, Sattar Khan lived with a limp for the rest of his life. Sattar Khan lived for another four years, but during this period he remained in isolation. He corresponded with the central government and even with Abdol-Majid Mirza Qovanlu-Qajar, stating that if permitted, he could put an end to the Russian occupation of Azerbaijan. However, these offers were ignored. He died in Tehran on the 25th of Aban 1293 (November 17, 1914). Baqir Khan also continued to live in isolation in Tehran. The government granted him a pension of 300 tumans. After the outbreak of World War I, Baqir Khan set out from Tehran toward Kermanshah with his supporters, intending to reach either Baghdad or Istanbul to meet with German officials. However, in Kermanshah,"}, {"text": "he and his companions were attacked by bandits, and all were killed in the clash. Although Abdol Majid Mirza was not reappointed to any state position after the constitutional revolution, he continued to appear in government circles. Through these visits, he developed close relationships with both As'ad Bakhtiari and Ahmad Qavam. Since the Russians had no intention of leaving Tabriz, they faced an uprising by the constitutionalists in 1911. The Russians managed to suppress the rebellion and executed forty individuals. Among those executed were the pro-constitution cleric Mirza Ali Siqat al-Islam, members of the Provincial Anjoman such as Sheikh Salim and Sadiq al-Molk, members of the Secret Center such as Hajji Ali Davachi, and the two young sons of Ali Monsieur. Samed Khan Shuja al-Dowleh, who had previously led the siege of Tabriz, returned to the city and assumed control of its administration with the support of the Russian army. He extended his rule over Tabriz by engaging in acts of violence and continuing the execution of constitutionalists. Reverberations and Evaluations of the Event. Historical Assessment. According to historian Mashallah Ajoudani, the Caucasian fighters, who possessed experience and skill in bomb-making and organizing resistance, fought alongside Sattar Khan in Tabriz"}, {"text": "and considered the struggle against Mohammad Ali Shah as a form of resistance against the Russian government. In his view, the presence of these forces played a significant role in the success of constitutionalists in various regions of Iran, including Tabriz. Nevertheless, Ajoudani adds that their role has been exaggerated and provides examples of how these forces engaged in looting and pillaging under the guise of struggle. Iranian historian Rasoul Jafarian evaluates the constitutionalists of Tabriz as being under the influence of Caucasian fighters, inspired by the social-democratic current, and distancing themselves from a local reformist line. He sees this shift as contradictory to the constitutional understanding of the Islamic scholars of the time. According to him, extremism, disregard for religious sentiments, non-local extremist ideas, and violence caused people and religious groups to turn away from the Tabrizi constitutionalists. Mousa Ghaninejad considers the cooperation between Caucasian social democrats and the constitutionalists as a tactical collaboration aimed at a new stage\u2014i.e., socialist revolution. He views the objectives of this group as distinct from those of the Constitutional Movement. He connects this idea to the land reform plan proposed by the National Association of Azerbaijan intended to benefit the peasants. He asserts"}, {"text": "that although the social democrats lacked a broad popular base, they were politically influential. Of course, the activities of the Caucasians were not limited to Tabriz. They were also active in Tehran, Rasht, and Isfahan. Political sociologist Sohrab Yazdani notes that many constitutionalists lacked literacy and clear political vision. Although the Ejtemaiyun-e Amiyun and the Secret Center attempted to solidify their social views, there were numerous accounts of these fighters committing acts of looting, kidnapping, and even murder. As an indication of this, he points to the failure to establish a connection between the constitutionalists and the intellectuals. These two groups viewed each other with suspicion. The intellectuals considered the constitutionalists as vulgar and prone to violence, while the constitutionalists regarded the intellectuals as opportunists. After the conquest of Tehran and the dethronement of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, the divergence of opinion between Sattar Khan, Baqir Khan, and other constitutional leaders led to their isolation. In this regard, Ismail Amirkhizi and Abdolhossein Nava\u2019i claim that Sattar Khan's character changed after he gained power and achieved victory. He no longer tolerated even minor errors among his subordinates and ignored the advice and opinions of other constitutional leaders such as Taghizadeh. In"}, {"text": "contrast, Ahmad Kasravi accused Taghizadeh and his allies of being egoistic and of downplaying the actions of the fighters. Janet Afary believes that the roots of this disagreement lay deeper, stemming from political differences between liberals and democrats that had not been as apparent before the conquest of Tehran. According to Afary, although the representatives considered the social democrats as troublesome elements, they were aware of their necessity for continuing the revolution. However, this required the replacement of their leaders with more experienced and prudent figures. Echo in the Press. In Iran. Seyed Mohammadreza Mosavat fled to the Caucasus after the bombardment of the Majles in Tehran and later came to Tabriz. For a time, he published a newspaper titled Mosavat there. In its first issue, Seyed Mohammadreza wrote about the Tabriz region and praised the revolutionary actions of the constitutionalists. The satirical magazine Molla Nasreddin, published weekly in Azerbaijani Turkic in Tiflis, was a fervent supporter of the adoption of constitutionalism in Iran. However, it also occasionally criticized the Constitutional Movement. For instance, in its 27th issue, Molla Nasreddin criticized the emergence of factions among the constitutionalists in Tabriz. The magazine argued that this factionalism would lead to discord"}, {"text": "and deepen the division among the people. In its 49th issue dated December 30, 1907, the magazine linked the beating of the editor-in-chief of the Mohakemat newspaper by constitutionalists to this factionalism. In contrast, Amla-ye \u2018Omm, the organ of the Islamic Council, was firmly against the constitutionalists. The newspaper accused them of being Babis or faithless. For example, Haji Mehdi Kuzekonani was criticized for nepotism in governance. At the same time, constitutional leaders such as Ali Monsiur and Baqir Khan were also targets of criticism in this publication. In Other Countries. French publications disseminated a significant amount of material regarding the Constitutional Revolution and its developments. Examples of such newspapers include Les Deux-mondes, Le Si\u00e8cle, Le Temps, and L\u2019Humanit\u00e9. However, these newspapers rarely supported popular movements. In September 1908, a French officer named Fernand Anginieur visited Tabriz during his journey to the Middle East. He stayed in the city for 24 days and had the opportunity to closely observe the events. During his stay in Tabriz, he also prepared a map showing the inclinations of the city\u2019s neighborhoods toward the constitutionalists or the monarchists. Upon returning to France, Fernand published his memoirs and delivered numerous talks on his impressions. He"}, {"text": "highlighted the lack of organizational structure in the country and considered widespread corruption and opium use as prominent negative characteristics. At the same time, he stated that Sattar Khan and his supporters were the only individuals capable of determining the future of the country. In Russia, the conservative journal Novoye Vremya, referring to the events in Tabriz, wrote that \u201cchaos in Tabriz has reached an unbelievable level\u201d and that the city had been \u201cdevastated and plundered by savage revolutionaries.\u201d During that period, Vladimir Lenin\u2014himself an opponent of the Russian Tsarist government and then living in exile in Europe\u2014condemned Russia\u2019s actions in Iran in several articles published in the journal Proletary, also criticizing the behavior of Britain and other European countries as hypocritical. In his article entitled \u201cExplosive Materials in the Realm of Politics,\u201d he praised the armed resistance of the people of Tabriz against Mohammad Ali Shah. One of the events during the siege of Tabriz that resonated in the international press was the killing of Howard Baskerville, an American teacher at the Memorial School who had joined the constitutionalists and led the Rescue Corps. At that time, British journalist Henry Moore, who was in Tabriz and led another group"}, {"text": "of constitutionalists, reported in The Times of London on the circumstances of Baskerville\u2019s death. The event was also covered by The Washington Post. Art and Literature. Between 1933 and 1940, Mahammad Said Ordubadi wrote his novel Foggy Tabriz, dedicated to the period of the siege of Tabriz. The novel recounts a love story set against the backdrop of the siege. Ordubadi himself was in Tabriz during the events and was one of the members of Sattar Khan\u2019s headquarters. This work was later translated into Persian and published by Saeed Moniri. Samad Behrangi recommended Gholamhossein Saedi\u2019s collection of plays Five Plays from the Constitutional Revolution and The Story of the Long Cannon to understand the situation in Azerbaijan during that time. In 2002 (1381 A.H.), Ali Hatami directed a film titled Sattar Khan. However, the film sparked controversy upon release and its screening was subsequently halted. The film portrayed historical events from the time of the siege, such as the disarmament of the constitutionalists, their defeat in Tabriz, and Sattar Khan\u2019s refuge in the Ottoman consulate. Rather than merely depicting historical events, the film offered a critical portrayal of the class and social dynamics of the time. Additionally, in 2017 (1396"}, {"text": "A.H.), a television series focusing on the life of Sattar Khan was produced. Directed by Mohammadreza Varzi, the series was broadcast on Channel One and consisted of 10 episodes, focusing on the final years of Sattar Khan\u2019s life. Due to the famine during the siege of Tabriz, people began eating grass and herbs. This gave rise to a popular saying among the people: \u201cWe ate clover and gained constitutionalism.\u201d Legacy. Following the Islamic Revolution, two streets in Tehran were named after Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan. During the Azerbaijan National Government, which operated in 1945-1946, statues of the leaders of the uprising, Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan, as well as Sheikh Mohammad Khiyabani, who was considered a follower of this movement, were erected in the center of the city to commemorate the Tabriz Uprising. At the same time, the statue of Reza Shah Pahlavi was dismantled, and one of the main boulevards as well as Gulistan Park were renamed in honor of Sattar Khan. The decision on the erection of these statues, signed by Haji Mirza Ali Shabustari, stated: Reza Khan (Reza Shah Pahlavi), having posed a threat to the freedom of the Iranian people and led the country into"}, {"text": "decline, must have his monument removed from Gulistan Garden. In its place, a statue of National Commander Sattar Khan should be erected, and Gulistan Garden should be named after him. Baqir Khan\u2019s statue should be erected near Ark Fortress, one of the historical shelters of Azerbaijani partisans. After the fall of the National Government to the Tehran army in December 1946, these statues were destroyed and replaced by a statue of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. At the same time, the leaders of the National Government frequently referred to Sattar Khan and the Tabriz uprising in their speeches. Emphasis on the movements of Sattar Khan and Khiabani was framed within the context of national competition between Tehran and Tabriz and the highlighting of key phases in the Azerbaijani people\u2019s national struggle. During the gathering where the Azerbaijan Democratic Party under Sayyid Jafar Pishevari declared the formation of the National Government, the hall was decorated with portraits of Sattar Khan, Baqir Khan, Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani, and Haydar Khan Amo-oghli. Pishevari himself attended the event accompanied by Haji Azim Khan, the brother of Sattar Khan. Since 1998, the house of Haji Mehdi Kuzekounani\u2014one of the constitutionalist leaders of the Tabriz resistance\u2014has operated as"}, {"text": "a museum under the auspices of the Cultural Heritage Organization and is known as the House of Constitution. In this house, which was a meeting place for constitutionalist leaders during the resistance, personal belongings, documents, newspapers, commemorative coins, honorary medals, and a memorial statue of the constitutionalists are exhibited. To commemorate Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan, two full-length statues of these figures have been placed in the museum. Every year in the month of Mordad in the Iranian calendar, the anniversary of the Constitutional Revolution is celebrated. These commemorations feature remembrance of various events from the revolution, including the Tabriz uprising. For many years, these ceremonies have been held with the participation of important public figures. For instance, in 2004, the commemoration was held at the Constitution Museum with the presence of then-President Mohammad Khatami. In 2014, Mohammad Yarmahammadi produced a documentary film titled The Value of the Constitution, which depicted the life of Sattar Khan and the events of the uprising in Tabriz. The documentary was screened at the 8th Haghighat Film Festival. Bibliography. Historiographical Sources. Fereydun Adamiyat was among the first to examine a range of printed and manuscript materials in his scholarly works. Rahim Raisnia and Baqer"}, {"text": "Momeni analyzed the economic and social aspects of the constitutional movement from a class-based perspective in their respective studies. Ervand Abrahamian, identifying as a political social democrat, has offered a neo-Marxist and class-based interpretation of Iranian history in his works. In addition, scholars such as Mohammad-Ali Homayoun Katouzian, Sadegh Zibakalam, Mashallah Ajoudani, Gholamhossein Mirza Saleh, and Hassan Ghazi Moradi have published analytical and socially grounded studies on the subject. Davoud Feirahi, in his work Fiqh and Politics, explores developments in Iranian political jurisprudence following the constitutional government period. Javad Tabatabai, in The Theoretical Foundations of Constitutionalism, focuses particularly on the constitutional fatwas issued by Akhund Khorasani."}, {"text": "Linda Jap Tjoen San (born 1 September 1977) is a Dutch chess player who holds the FIDE title of Woman International Master (WIM, 2000). She is a Dutch Women's Chess Championship medalist (1998). Biography. In the 1990s and 2000s Linda Jap Tjoen San was one of the leading Dutch women's chess players. In 1991, she won Dutch Youth Chess Championship in U14 girl's age group. In 1993, Linda Jap Tjoen San won Dutch Youth Chess Championship in U16 girl's age group. In 1995, she with Dutch Junior National Team (U20) won the Faber Cup in Magdeburg. In 1998 in Rheden, Linda Jap Tjoen San finished third in Dutch Women's Chess Championship. In March 2005, she won Dutch Women's Rapid Chess Championship. Also Linda Jap Tjoen San twice won Dutch Women's Blitz Chess Championship: in 2005 and 2007. Linda Jap Tjoen San played for Netherlands in the Women's Chess Olympiads: In 2000, she received the FIDE Woman International Master (WIM) title."}, {"text": "Suicide in Romania is a social and health issue. Annually, between 2,500 and 3,500 Romanians commit suicide. 72.5% of fatal suicides are the result of hanging. Other methods (poisoning, jumping, drowning, etc.) are each chosen by under 10%. Since 2000, suicides rates have steadily declined in the country. According to the World Bank, the suicide mortality rate has dropped from 13.2 per 100,000 in 2000, to 10.4 per 100,000 in 2016. Research conducted by the World Health Organization found that Romania had the 103rd highest rate of suicide in the world, on par with China. The rate of suicide among men is significantly higher than among women in Romania. Suicide mortality for men stood at 13.9 per 100,000 in 2016. In contrast, the suicide mortality rate for Romanian women was 2.4 per 100,000."}, {"text": "This is a list of the best-selling singles in 2016 in Japan, physical sales are taken from Oricon. Digital sales are taken from the certifications of RIAJ in 2016."}, {"text": "\u00c5ke Roland Janson (5 September 1939 \u2013 8 October 2019) was a Swedish actor. In 2010 Janson published his memoirs called \"Nacksp\u00e4rrarnas rike\". He was perhaps best known for his role in the S\u00e4llskapsresan film. He was born and died in Gothenburg."}, {"text": "Noor Ahmad Lakanwal (born 3 January 2005) is an Afghan cricketer. He made his international debut for the Afghanistan national team in June 2022. Early life. Noor Ahmad was born on 3 January 2005 as the youngest of eight children. His family hails from Lakan Spinki Bori village in Khost Province. Career. He made his first-class debut on 29 April 2019, for Kabul Region in the 2019 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament. He made his Twenty20 debut on 8 October 2019, for Mis Ainak Knights in the 2019 Shpageeza Cricket League. In December 2019, he was named in Afghanistan's squad for the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. In July 2020, he was named in the St Lucia Zouks squad for the 2020 Caribbean Premier League. He made his List A debut on 14 October 2020, for Mis Ainak Region in the 2020 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament. In December 2020, at the age of 15, he was signed by the Melbourne Renegades to play in the 2020\u201321 Big Bash League season in Australia. In March 2021, Chennai Super Kings included Noor as a net bowler in their squad for 2021 Indian Premier League. In June 2021, Noor also"}, {"text": "played for the Karachi Kings in the 2021 Pakistan Super League. In July 2021, Noor was named in Afghanistan's One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against Pakistan. In December 2021, he was named in Afghanistan's team for the 2022 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies. Later in the same month, he was signed by the Quetta Gladiators following the players' draft in the Supplementary category for the 2022 Pakistan Super League. On 12 February 2022, he made his debut for the team, against Islamabad United at the Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore. In February 2022, he was bought by the Gujarat Titans in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. In November 2024, he was bought by the Chennai Super Kings in the auction for the 2025 Indian Premier League tournament. During his debut on 23 March 2025, he picked 4 wickets for just 18 runs against Mumbai Indians. He finished as the Chennai Super Kings's highest wicket-taker and the second highest in the tournament, with 24 wickets. International career. In May 2022, Ahmad was named in Afghanistan's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their series against Zimbabwe, and as a reserve in Afghanistan's One"}, {"text": "Day International (ODI) squad for the same tour. He made his T20I debut on 14 June 2022, against Zimbabwe. Ahmad made his ODI debut on 30 November 2022, against Sri Lanka. He also made his ODI World Cup debut on 23 October 2023, playing against Pakistan in Chennai. This marked his World Cup debut at the age of 18, making him the youngest debutant in the tournament. In May 2024, he was named in Afghanistan\u2019s squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament."}, {"text": "Maha Zein (born 2 May 1976) is a former Egyptian professional squash player who is currently a squash coach. She represented the Egypt national women's squash team in several international competitions, including the British Open Squash Championships, World Open Squash Championships and in World Team Squash Championships in a career spanning from 1993 to 2003. She achieved her highest career PSA ranking of 19 in November 2000 as a part of the 2000 PSA World Tour. Career. She joined the Professional Squash Association in 1993 and competed at the PSA World Tour until 2003. She was part of the Women's Squash Association and played in WSA World Tour until 2003. She emerged in the sport from youth level and appeared as one of the marquee players of the first Egyptian team which took part in a World Junior Squash Championships event for the first time in 1993. She was part of the Egyptian squad at the World Team Squash Championships in 1996, 1998, 2000 and in 2002. Maha also represented Egypt at the 1997 World Games, her only appearance at the World Summer Games. Her best performance came at the Malaysian Open Squash Championships in 2000 where she emerged as"}, {"text": "runner-up to England's Stephanie Brind. After her retirement in 2003, she went onto become a coach at Bay Club Squash."}, {"text": "Girls at Dhabas is a multi-city feminist initiative in Pakistan that raises a conversation on women\u2019s access to public space. \"Dhabas\" is a local term for roadside tea-shops that are traditionally male-dominated domains in South Asia. The efforts went viral in 2015 and gained significant traction from women across South Asia who were encouraged to photograph themselves at \"dhabas\" and upload the pictures on social media using the hashtag #girlsatdhabas, sharing their personal narratives, reflections and stories re-examining their relationship with public space. The viral campaign led to organized gatherings and offline events, from cricket playing in the streets, bike rallies in Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad, and various community-building dialogues. Background. The collective began in 2015. Sadia Khatri photographed herself at a \"dhaba\" and then uploaded the image on the Internet. Sensing that this could become a larger, urgent conversation challenging the traditional role of women in public spaces, she teamed up with her friends Natasha Ansari, Sabahat Zakariya, Najia Sabahat Khan, Amna Chaudhry, Mehrbano Raja, Sanayah Malik, Yusra Amjad and Sara Nisar and launched Tumblr and Facebook online pages for the growing community. Access to public space. According to Themrise Khan Other Initiatives. #GirlsPlayingStreetCricket and #GirlsOnBikes Campaigns. In 2015,"}, {"text": "based on Natasha Ansari\u2019s suggestion to expand efforts to cricket and cycling, Girls at Dhabas launched the #GirlsPlayingStreetCricket initiative through which women were encouraged to play cricket outside in the streets. Street cricket is a popular form of physical activity amongst the Pakistani youth. In 2018, at the Jumma Hafta (weekend) Art Bazaar outside t2f, Safieh Shah organized a mixed-gender, intersectional cricket match in the streets, with Anam Amin (spin-bowling star from Pakistan\u2019s National Cricket team) to encourage women and girls to take on cricket and reclaim public spaces. In 2016, a woman named Aneeqa Ali was harassed and injured while riding her bicycle out in Lahore, Pakistan. In response to this incident and as an act of condemnation and solidarity, Girls at Dhabas organized a bike rally (which became an annual event) \"Girls on Bikes\" aimed at encouraging women to embrace cycling and two-wheeler transportation, which continues to be taboo for women. In Lahore, Noor Rahman joined the Girls at Dhabas chapters and organized weekly bike rides following the rally. Behenchara. The word commonly used to express 'solidarity' in Urdu is 'bhaichara' (literally brotherhood). Girls at Dhabas coined the term \u2018behenchara\u2019 (sisterhood) as a spin on the original. By"}, {"text": "reframing the word 'bhaichara,' Girls at Dhabas aims to claim language and the vernacular to articulate a vision of a broader feminist solidarity, radically re-imagining traditional gender relations through the lens of sisterhood and collectivism. Behanchara Diaries. In 2017, Safieh Shah and Zehra Naqvi, members of Girls at Dhabas, founded a podcast series called \"Behanchara Diaries\". The podcast features five episodes and explores feminism, intersectionality, the politics of public spaces and more. The podcast currently streams on Patari, Pakistan\u2019s biggest music streaming service. Aurat March. In 2018, members of Girls at Dhabas helped co-organize the \"Aurat March\", a feminist rally to honor International Women's Day, celebrated on 8 March annually. In Lahore, Girls at Dhabas was one of the organizing groups of the Aurat March, along with The Feminist Collective, The Women\u2019s Collective, and others. In Karachi, members were part of the Aurat March in their individual capacities since the organizing committee was unaffiliated with any groups Criticism. Girls at Dhabas attracted criticism after the #GirlsOnBikes movement from social media users who were against the idea of women claiming public spaces."}, {"text": "Mueller College is an independent, non-denominational Christian, co-educational, P-12, school, located in the suburb of Rothwell within the City of Moreton Bay in Queensland, Australia. It is administered by Independent Schools Queensland, with an enrolment of 1,790 students and a teaching staff of 153, as of 2023. The school is named in reference to George M\u00fcller, a Christian evangelist who established 117 schools and offered Christian education to more than 120,000 students. History. The school opened on 30 January 1990, as a ministry of the Mueller Community Church, which is a member church of Christian Community Churches of Australia. In 2009, the principal at the time, Colin Krueger, admitted the school still used the cane, but at the request of parents. However, by 2011, the school had moved away from corporal punishment, due to community outrage. The school set the record in the University of Queensland\u2019s annual sunflower competition in 2014. By August 2018, Mueller College had a total enrolment population of 1,575 students from Preparatory to Year 12. It was reported that a student was sexually assaulted by his fellow peers in 2022, with the school captain being wrongfully identified as the culprit, an apology was issued by the"}, {"text": "Courier Mail for this mistake. In October 2024, it was reported that students of the school were being investigated by the police for sharing a \"rape list\" via social media. According to the school, \"immediate steps to discipline the students who were involved\" was taken. Vocational education. VET courses available to students include: Extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activities available to students at Mueller College include:"}, {"text": "Zhang Zhenxin (; March 1971 \u2013 18 September 2019) was a Chinese businessman. He founded UCF Holdings Group in 2003 and grew it into a financial conglomerate which controlled three publicly listed companies, including Chong Sing Holdings in Hong Kong. However, Chong Sing fell into debt trouble after its unsuccessful forays into peer-to-peer lending and cryptocurrencies, and the trading of its stock was suspended in July 2019. Zhang died in London two months later from alcohol-related diseases. Early life and education. Zhang was born in March 1971 in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China. In September 1992, he entered Dongbei University of Finance and Economics and graduated in July 1996 with a bachelor's degree in economics. He returned to the university in September 2001, as a graduate student, and earned his master's degree in economics in July 2004. Career. Zhang served as general manager of the Dalian branch of Shanghai Wanguo Securities. He founded UCF Holdings Group (\u5148\u950b\u63a7\u80a1\u96c6\u56e2) in 2003, a small financial company that provided guarantees and leasing services in Dalian. The company expanded into other financial services including banking, insurance, securities, and fund management. UCF also started a financial technology company, NCF Group, which became listed on Nasdaq through a"}, {"text": "reverse merger with Hunter Maritime Acquisition Corporation, although it was later delisted from Nasdaq and traded over-the-counter. In 2013, Zhang began acquiring shares in Credit China Holdings Limited, a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. He later accumulated a controlling stake and renamed the company as Chong Sing Holdings Limited (\u4e2d\u65b0\u63a7\u80a1). Chong Sing made a slew of acquisitions, including the peer-to-peer lender WeShare in 2016. In January 2017, it spent US$30 million to purchase a 6.4% stake in the bitcoin mining company BitFury Group. In 2015, Zhang purchased an 80% share of the five-star Castlemartyr Resort in County Cork, Ireland, a few months after Kanye West and Kim Kardashian spent part of their honeymoon there. UCF made headlines in early 2017 when it offered HK$7.1 billion to acquire the insurance company Hong Kong Life. However, the deal collapsed in October 2018 and UCF forfeited its HK$710 million deposit. UCF fell into debt trouble in the second half of 2018, when the Chinese government cracked down on P2P lending, and partly because of losses from its cryptocurrency investments. UCF Pay, a subsidiary of Chong Sing Holdings, was found to have embezzled client funds and had its operations suspended. The"}, {"text": "share price of Chong Sing fell by 88% in 2019, before trading was suspended in July. Death. On 18 September 2019, Zhang died at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London, England, aged 48. UCF did not disclose the news until 5 October, and said the reason for the delay was because the company was \"going through a special period of time\". The causes of his death were multiple organ failure related to alcohol dependence and pancreatitis."}, {"text": "Killar or Kilar is a town in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of Pangi Tehsil in Chamba district."}, {"text": "Daniel Lee (born 22 January 1986) is an English fashion designer. He was the creative director of the Italian luxury fashion house Bottega Veneta from 2018 to 2021, subsequently being appointed as Riccardo Tisci's replacement as Chief Creative Officer at the helm of Burberry. Early life. Daniel Lee grew up in Bradford, England. His father was a mechanic and his mother was an office worker. Daniel Lee first attended the Dixons City Academy, and then graduated from the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design (master's degree) where he was tutored by Louise Wilson. He was an intern at Maison Margiela and Balenciaga (under the direction of Nicolas Ghesqui\u00e8re), and landed a position at Donna Karan in New York after his graduation in 2010. In 2012, Lee left Donna Karan for C\u00e9line in Paris, where he started as a member of the design team and eventually became the director of ready-to-wear design. He assisted Phoebe Philo in developing the minimal aesthetic that led to the brand's booming popularity. Bottega Veneta. In June 2018, Kering appointed Lee as creative director of Bottega Veneta, to give a new impetus to the Italian luxury fashion house and develop its ready-to-wear collection. His"}, {"text": "agenda also included rebooting the men's ready-to-wear collection and launching a home collection. Lee maintained the team of artisans. He preserved Bottega Veneta's emphasis on well-crafted, logoless and simplicity-driven products. To give a new look to Bottega Veneta, he inflated the \"Intrecciato\" designs to capitalize on the brand's most iconic features, and infused more hedonism/desirability in the brand's products. He designed the \"Pouch\" clutch bag which became the fastest selling bag in the history of the brand. Harpers Bazaar commented: Bottega Veneta has become one of fashion's most popular brands in 2019, thanks to its quiet, modern elegance reinterpreted by Lee. His transformation of Bottega Veneta is coined \u201cNew Bottega\u201d. He was tagged \"The Quiet Radical\" by \"Vogue,\" and \u201cfashion\u2019s new wonder boy\u201d by Harper's Bazaar. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Lee collaborated with artist Rosemarie Trockel and actress, composer, and playwright Sheila Atim for the brand's 2021 ad campaign In early April 2021, the Berlin police investigated whether large private gatherings staged by Bottega Veneta after a Salon event at the Soho House constituted illegal gatherings without social distancing or masking at the height of the pandemic when a city-wide regulation against private gatherings was in effect. In 2021, Lee"}, {"text": "designed costumes for the Venice Dance Biennale, It also replaced the monthly fashion shows with private shows or of \"salon\". On November 10, 2021, Bottega Veneta and Lee announced he would be leaving his post as creative director in a \"joint decision to end their collaboration.\" Burberry. Subsequent to its Spring / Summer 2023 collection showing, British marque Burberry announced that its present Chief Creative Officer, Riccardo Tisci, would be stepping down from the company and was to be replaced by Lee. The change came amongst a series of C-suite changes at the company, including the departure of CFO Julie Brown and the appointment of Jonathan Akeroyd as new CEO. Lee was announced as the Chief Creative Officer of Burberry in September 2022 and his debut for Burberry was its Autumn / Winter 2023 collection. Under the creative leadership of Lee, the brand revealed their latest campaign along with a new, revised logo of the Equestrian Knight from 1901. Personal life. As of 2024 he is in a relationship with the ballet dancer Roberto Bolle. The couple live in London."}, {"text": "The Workers' Library and Museum was a non-profit labour service organisation (LSO) active in Johannesburg, South Africa between 1987 and the early 2000s. The organisation provided a meeting and learning centre for labour activists as well as students from the nearby Alexandra and Soweto areas. In 1994, it was expanded into the Workers and Museum in Newtown, Johannesburg, with the only museum in South Africa focussed on working people other than the Slave Lodge, Cape Town. History. The Workers' Library was founded in 1987 as an alternative to the racially segregated public library system under apartheid. Under apartheid, black workers and writers were \"forbidden entrance into some of the basic institutions required to practice history, such as archives and public libraries.\" It was preceded by the Trade Union Library, founded in Cape Town in 1983: both were part of a larger wave of LSOs that emerged from the 1970s. Often initiated by politicised university students and graduates, these worked with the rising unions of the 1970s and 1980s. The \"gathering strength of the labour movement\" with its \"exciting potential\" for social change attracted academics who combined scholarship and \"working-class perspectives.\" In 1994, the Workers' Library was relocated to premises in"}, {"text": "the Newtown district, adjacent to Mary Fitzgerald Square, and near the Market Theatre, MuseuMAfricA and the national offices of the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA). It was renamed the Workers' Library and Museum to reflect an expanded role: the new premises were a refurbished municipal compound (hostel) for black African migrant men workers, part of which was converted to a museum, part of which hosted the library collection, and part of which provided large venues for meetings; nearby cottages for skilled white workers were included, to be used for office space. The buildings housed employees of the now-defunct Jeppe Street Power Station and were a National Monument. The redesign was undertaken by the architect, anti-apartheid activist and radical Allan Robert Lipman in association with Henry Paine, for which they were awarded the South African Institute of Architects Award (SAIA) for Excellence. The Newtown area, including the power station and the Square had a long history as a site of worker protests and rallies, and was \"intrinsically linked\" to the working-class culture of the area that the Workers' Library and Museum now commemorated. Activities. The Workers' Library hosted numerous workshops and provided meeting space for unions. This continued"}, {"text": "in the 1990s and early 2000s, and the venue was also used by the new Anti-Privatisation Forum. Relations with unions were maintained through representatives attending the Johannesburg Local of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and running tables at union congresses, and the launch of a bookshop and t-shirt printing project directed at workers In the late 1990s, the Workers' Library and Museum formed a partnership with Khanya College, another Johannesburg-based LSO, which rented office space, refurbished part of the premises and provided some administrative support for venue bookings. The Workers' Library and Museum was non-sectarian and inclusive in its approach. Its activities in the 1990s included Saturday afternoon workshops \"typically attended by over 35 people, overwhelmingly drawn from the shop steward layer and community activists.\" The organisation was run by an elected committee of members, who were unpaid volunteers, including anarchists-syndicalists, COSATU members, people from the South African Communist Party (SACP), and Trotskyists . Likewise, the Workers Bookshop included a wide range of materials, from union (mainly but not only COSATU and its unions) and SACP materials, to Trotskyist newspapers and publications from the anarchist-syndicalist Bikisha Media / Zabalaza Books. It was the only left-wing bookshop in"}, {"text": "Gauteng province in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Unlike LSOs such as the International Labour Research and Information Group (ILRIG) in Cape Town, the Workers\u2019 Library and Museum was not actively involved in research and publishing, the main exception being an oral history project in the 1990s with former residents of the municipal compound. Its Board was a mixture of trade unionists, like Petros Mashishi, president of the South African Municipal Workers Union and academics linked to the unions and the larger national liberation movement, like Sakhela Buhlungu and Luli Callinicos. Closure. In the early 2000s, the Johannesburg Municipality withdrew its previous subsidies to the Workers' Library and Museum, which had taken the form of rebates on service charges, rent and taxes. Like other LSOs at the time, it was meanwhile hit by the drying up of donor and solidarity funding after the end of apartheid, and displacement by unions' own expanding research and service departments. Although it had links to the South African Municipal Workers Union (SAMWU), partly through Mashishi and through its highlighting of black municipal workers' history at the museum, there was no formal relationship or ongoing financial support. Faced with growing debt and unable to"}, {"text": "pay municipal levies, the Workers' Library and Museum closed in the early 2000s. This was part of a larger decline in the LSO movement, and of left spaces and infrastructure countrywide post-apartheid. The library collection is now housed at the offices of Khanya College, which relocated to Kerk Street, while the premises are now a separate Workers' Museum, run by the municipality for tourists and schools."}, {"text": "Gillet pa Solhaug is an 1893 Swedish-language opera in 3 acts by Wilhelm Stenhammar to a libretto based on \"The Feast at Solhaug\" (Norwegian \"Gildet paa Solhoug\") by Henrik Ibsen. The opera was completed in 1893, and premiered at the Hoftheater Stuttgart in 1899, then in Sweden at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1902."}, {"text": "The Public Libraries and Museums Act 1964 (c. 75) is an act of the United Kingdom Parliament. It created a statutory duty for local authorities in England and Wales \"to provide a comprehensive and efficient library service for all persons\". It also allowed local authorities to \"provide and maintain museums and art galleries\". Background. The Act was based on research including the 1962 Bourdillon Report (\"Standards of Public Library Service in England and Wales\") which set out the resources which would be required to provide a comprehensive service."}, {"text": "The Girl Problem is a 1919 American drama film directed by Kenneth S. Webb, and starring Corinne Griffith. It is considered a lost film."}, {"text": "Sportsklubben Djerv is a sports club from M\u00f8hlenpris, Bergen in Norway. The club was founded on 18 May 1913, and today it has sections for football, floorball, badminton, basketball and gymnastics. The club had an ice hockey department until 1985. The football section currently plays in the 4. divisjon. History. The club was founded on 18 May 1913 by boys from the M\u00f8hlenpris neighbourhood in Bergen. Football. In the interwar period, the club's football team achieved good results and challenged Brann as the leading team from Bergen. The football team participated in the inaugural season of national league football in Norway; the 1937\u201338 Norgesserien. This season, Djerv won their group and reached the championship semi-finals where they were lost 2\u20133 at home against Lyn and were eliminated. They advanced from the quarter-finals through coin toss after a 6\u20136 draw against Viking. Djerv played in the top tier for four seasons; 1937\u201338, 1938\u201339, 1939\u201340 (abandoned due to the German occupation) and 1947\u201348. In 2009, Djerv's football team relegated from 3. divisjon, the fourth tier in the Norwegian football league system, and has played in either the fifth or sixth tier since then. Ice hockey. Djerv's ice hockey section won several league"}, {"text": "championships in the 1980s. The ice hockey section merged with \"Bergen Ishockeyklubb\" in 1985 and formed \"Bergen/Djerv\" which later went bankrupt."}, {"text": "Rubina Saigol (died 27 August 2021) was a Pakistani feminist scholar, educationalist and women's rights activist. She authored and edited several books and papers in English and Urdu. Her scholarly work explored the themes of gender, education, nationalism, the state, ethnicity, religious radicalism, terrorism, feminism and human rights. She was a senior member of Women Action Forum and co founder of Ajoka Theatre Group. Education. Saigol held a PhD in education from University of Rochester and her MA in Development Psychology from Columbia University. Her early education was from Kinnaird College for Women University. Books and publications. Saigol authored various books on the themes of gender, nationalism, identity. Her book \u2018The Pakistan Project: A Feminist Perspective on Nation & Identity\u2019, examines \u2018the unstable genealogy of this idea of Pakistan from Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and M.A. Jinnah to Zia ul-Haq, through a gendered lens thus exposing its many, often contradictory, premises and assumptions.\u2019 Her scholarly work has appeared in various national and international research journals. Dr. Saigol's publications span diverse themes, ranging from feminism, to gender within educational discourse, to nationalism and counter terrorism. Her work has also been quoted extensively in both scholarly and journalistic publications. Her publications on"}, {"text": "gender and feminism in Pakistan is recommended as mandatory reading for multiple undergraduate and graduate courses by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) in Pakistan. Feminist struggle. Dr. Saigol was one of the pioneering members of the Women's Action Forum. She was also on the advisory board of Simrogh, a Pakistan-based non-profit focused on women's rights. Her scholarly work explored various elements of gender identity, politics and struggle in Pakistan. She authored various research and journalistic pieces that attempted to document the history and direction of women rights\u2019 movement in Pakistan. She was a regular contributor to many national journalistic publications including known national news outlets, Herald and The News on Sunday among others. Her journalistic pieces in these publications are almost exclusively focused on themes related to Pakistani women. She was also a member of the advisory board of Simrogh, a Pakistan-based non profit focused on women's rights. Personal life. Saigol died from COVID-19 in 2021 at the age of 66."}, {"text": "Christian Amatore (born 9 December 1951 in Algeria) is a French chemist and a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He is an author of works in electrochemistry. Biography. Coming from a modest family (Sicilian by his father, Swedish by his mother), he spent a large part of his childhood in Algeria in several garrison towns of Laghouat, Hain-el-Adjar, Sidi Bel Abb\u00e8s where his father was an NCO of the Foreign Legion. He followed his father's advice \"if you are intelligent but you have no education, you remain mute\" and followed brilliant studies in Algeria and then in France where his Blackfoot family was repatriated: first to the Lyc\u00e9e Pascal-Paoli in Corte, then to the Lyc\u00e9e Thiers in Marseille where he completed two years of preparatory classes, and finally to the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure (rue d'Ulm - Paris) where he obtained the agr\u00e9gation de chimie in 1974. At the age of 18, he opted for French nationality. Following his thesis at the University of Paris-VII under Jean-Michel Sav\u00e9ant, he was recruited by CNRS as a Research Associate Professor in Physical Chemistry. After this, he left for the United States for two years as Assistant Professor in an organometallic chemistry"}, {"text": "research laboratory where he met Mark Wightman at Indiana University with whom he had a pioneering role in the development of ultramicroelectrodes that he applied in artificial synapses. In 1984, he returned to France to found his laboratory at the ENS and became Director of the Chemistry Department at the ENS in 1997. He held these management functions until 2006."}, {"text": "The Contractor is a 2022 American action thriller film directed by Tarik Saleh in his English-language debut and written by J. P. Davis. The film stars Chris Pine, Ben Foster, Gillian Jacobs, Eddie Marsan, J. D. Pardo, Florian Munteanu, and Kiefer Sutherland. It follows James Harper, a discharged U.S. Special Forces sergeant who joins a private military organization and soon finds himself on the run after being betrayed during a covert mission. Principal photography began in Europe in October 2019, with additional scenes shot in Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The film was released theatrically and via video-on-demand in the United States on April 1, 2022, by Paramount Pictures and STXfilms. It received mixed reviews from critics and underperformed at the box office, grossing approximately $2.1 million worldwide. Plot. Sergeant First Class James Harper, a decorated Special Forces soldier, is involuntarily discharged from the army after testing positive for steroids used to manage a chronic knee injury. Struggling financially and desperate to provide for his family, Harper reconnects with his friend Mike, who recruits him into a private military company led by former soldier Rusty Jennings. Harper agrees to join a covert operation in Berlin after being assured the mission is"}, {"text": "backed by the U.S. government. Harper is tasked with surveilling Salim, a Middle Eastern scientist believed to be developing a biological weapon for Al-Qaeda. When given the order to eliminate Salim and retrieve his research, Harper complies, despite Salim\u2019s insistence that his work is focused on developing a cure. After the mission turns violent and German authorities intervene, Harper and a wounded Mike escape and hide in a storm drain. Harper performs a life-saving blood transfusion before Mike leaves with the recovered data. While recovering alone in a hotel, Harper receives word from Rusty that Mike never made it to the rendezvous point. Sensing betrayal, Harper evades an ambush by operatives sent to kill him. He discovers they were former Marines working under Rusty's command, and one warns him that he can never return home. Seeking answers, Harper visits Salim\u2019s widow and obtains an iPad containing a video in which Salim confirms his research was intended to provide a free H5N1 vaccine. Harper is later taken to a safe house by an ally named Virgil, but the location is attacked by Rusty\u2019s men. Virgil is killed, and Harper narrowly escapes. Returning to the United States, Harper confronts Mike, who reveals"}, {"text": "that he too was deceived by Rusty and believed Harper was dead. The two reunite and devise a plan for revenge. They infiltrate Rusty's compound, where Mike launches a distraction while Harper eliminates Rusty. Mike is fatally wounded in the process, and Harper cremates his body in a final act of respect. With Rusty dead, Harper is finally able to return to his family. Production. The project was initially announced in May 2019 under the title \"Violence of Action\", with Chris Pine attached to star. In October 2019, Ben Foster and Gillian Jacobs joined the cast. Principal photography began the same month in the United States, with additional filming taking place in Germany and Romania later that year. The film is produced by Basil Iwanyk and Erica Lee of Thunder Road Films, with Esther Hornstein serving as co-producer. Executive producers include Dan Friedkin, Micah Green, and Dan Steinman of 30West, alongside Chris Pine, Jonathan Fuhrman, Tom Lassally, and Josh Bratman. By December 2019, the cast had expanded to include Eddie Marsan, Nina Hoss, Amira Casar, Fares Fares, and J. D. Pardo. Filming wrapped by the end of 2019 following an eight-week shoot in Romania. In November 2021, the film's title"}, {"text": "was officially changed to \"The Contractor\". The musical score was composed by Alex Belcher and released by Sony Classical. Release. In February 2021, STXfilms acquired U.S. distribution rights to \"The Contractor\", which was initially titled \"Violence of Action\". The film was originally scheduled for release on December 10, 2021, but the release was delayed to March 18, 2022, and then to April 1, 2022. In February 2022, it was announced that Paramount Pictures and Showtime had acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film from STX. Paramount released the film in a simultaneous limited theatrical and premium video-on-demand release on April 1, 2022, with the film coming to Paramount+ and Showtime later in the year. The film debuted on Prime Video in select international territories as an Amazon Original. In March 2022, the rights for the film were put into bankruptcy proceedings, with Migration, LLC acquiring all worldwide rights to the film excluding the United States. \"The Contractor\" was subsequently released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 7, 2022. Reception. Box office. In the United States and Canada, \"The Contractor\" was released on April 1, 2022, alongside \"Morbius\". The film was projected to earn under $1 million during its opening weekend"}, {"text": "from 489 theaters. It debuted with $560,678 over its first three days, finishing twelfth at the domestic box office. In its second weekend, it grossed an additional $140,193. Critical response. \"The Contractor\" received mixed reviews from critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an approval rating of 44% based on 88 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's consensus reads: \"\"The Contractor\" is caught between message movie and standard-issue action thriller, satisfying neither aim despite strong work from a talented cast.\" Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 52 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews.\" Brian Tallerico of \"RogerEbert.com\" criticized the film for its lack of engaging action sequences and a thin plot, stating that it \"feels like set-up\" for a potential franchise rather than a standalone narrative. Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" noted that while the film transforms into a taut thriller in its latter half, it suffers from underdeveloped dialogue and character dynamics. John Nugent of \"Empire\" described the film as \"a by-the-numbers thriller\" that, despite a strong performance from Chris Pine, fails to rise above genre clich\u00e9s. \"Common Sense Media\" highlighted the film's"}, {"text": "exploration of themes like loyalty and betrayal but pointed out that its slow pacing and limited action might not appeal to all viewers. Conversely, Catherine Springer of \"We Live Entertainment\" acknowledged that the film misses opportunities to delve deeper into its premise but praised Pine's performance for adding depth to the narrative. \"Variety\" commended the film's attempt to address the struggles of veterans, though it noted that the execution lacked the necessary tension and originality to fully engage audiences."}, {"text": "The Atabak Park Incident () was a conflict that led to the death of 300 rebels. It took place on July 20, 1910. Rebels descended upon Atabak Garden in Tehran to bid farewell to Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan who were planning to return to Tabriz. The government's goal was to control Azerbaijan and disarm the Mujahideen in Tabriz under the pretext of celebrating Sattar Khan and Baqir Khan. Atabak Garden (which became the Russian Embassy) was allocated to Sattar Khan and his companions and Eshrat Abad to Baqir Khan and his companions. After a few days, they settled in the designated areas and Parliament approved a plan to disarm the Mujahideen and civilian fighters, and Sattar Khan himself. The decision was made due to the assassinations of Sayed Abdullah Behbahani and Mirza Ali Mohammad Khan Tarbiat. Another Mujahideen who opposed the plan joined Sattar Khan and his companions, fearing the government. Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari sent a message to Sattar Khan: \"Be faithful to the oath you took in the Majlis and avoid the dire consequences of disarmament,\" but Sattar Khan's supporters were not satisfied with the surrender. Sattar Khan was a terrorist in his younger years and later worked"}, {"text": "for the Red Cross. Incident. About 300 Iranian government troops were commanded by Yeprem Khan, Sattar Khan's former aide in Tabriz and the head of the army. They surrounded the garden of Atabak after sending several messages. State forces used cannons and sixty machine guns and killed three hundred people in the garden within four hours. Sattar Khan made his way to the rooftop, but was stabbed in the foot in one of the corridors of the Thiri mansion and was unable to move. Shortly afterward, authorities arrested him and took him to the house of Samsam al-Saltanah, forcibly disarming him and his companions. Aftermath. On 16 November 1914, Sattar Khan died from his injuries. He was buried in Shah Abdol-Azim cemetery in Shahr-e Rey."}, {"text": "Evolutionary therapy is a subfield of evolutionary medicine that utilizes concepts from evolutionary biology in management of diseases caused by evolving entities such as cancer and microbial infections. These evolving disease agents adapt to selective pressure introduced by treatment, allowing them to develop resistance to therapy, making it ineffective. Evolutionary therapy relies on the notion that Darwinian evolution is the main reason behind lethality of late stage cancer and multi-drug resistant bacterial infections such as methicillin-resistant \"Staphylococcus aureus\". Thus, evolutionary therapy suggests that treatment of such highly dynamic evolving diseases should be changing over time to account for changes in disease populations. Adaptive treatment strategies typically cycle between different drugs or drug doses to take advantage of predictable patterns of disease evolution. This is in contrast to standardized treatment approach which is applied to all patients and equally based on their cancer type and grade. There are still numerous obstacles to the use of evolutionary therapy in clinical practice. These obstacles include high contingency of trajectory, speed of evolution, and inability to track the population state of disease over time. Context. Resistance to chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies is a major problem facing current cancer research. All malignant cancers are"}, {"text": "fundamentally governed by Darwinian dynamics of the somatic evolution in cancer. Malignant cancers are dynamically evolving clades of cells living in distinct microhabitats that almost certainly ensure the emergence of therapy-resistant populations. Cytotoxic cancer therapies also impose intense evolutionary selection pressures on the surviving cells and thus increase the evolutionary rate. Importantly, the principles of Darwinian dynamics also embody fundamental principles that can illuminate strategies for the successful management of cancer. Eradicating the large, diverse and adaptive populations found in most cancers presents a formidable challenge. One centimetre cubed of cancer contains about 10^9 transformed cells and weighs about 1 gram, which means there are more cancer cells in 10 grams of tumour than there are people on Earth. Unequal cell division and differences in genetic lineages and microenvironmental selection pressures mean that the cells within a tumour are diverse both in genetic make-up and observable characteristics. Mechanisms. Collateral sensitivity. Resistance to one drug can lead to unwanted cross-resistance to some other drugs and \"collateral\" sensitivity to yet other drugs Alternative methods include incorporating analytically tractable stochastic control algorithms to direct the evolution to specific states of resistance that encode sensitivity to other drugs, or machine learning based approaches like"}, {"text": "reinforcement learning. Treatment strategies. Adaptive therapy. The standard approach to treating cancer is giving patients the maximum tolerated amount of chemotherapy with the goal of doing the maximum possible damage to the tumor without killing the patient. This method is relatively effective, but it also causes major toxicities. Adaptive therapy is an evolutionary therapy that aims to maintain or reduce tumor volume by employing minimum effective drug doses or timed drug holidays. The timing and duration of these holidays, which relies on the ability to modulate resistant vs. sensitive populations of cancer cells through competition, is a subject which has been studied using optimal control in theoretical studies based on Evolutionary game theory based models. The ability to modulate these populations secondary relies on the assumption that there is a both frequency-dependent selection, and an associated fitness cost to that resistance. Proof of principle for adaptive therapy has also been established in a recent phase 2 clinical trial as well as in vivo. Double bind. In the evolutionary double bind, one drug causes increased susceptibility of the evolving cancer to another drug. Some have found that effectiveness might be based on interactions of populations through commensalism. Others imply that population"}, {"text": "control may be possible if resistance to therapy requires a substantial and costly phenotypic adaptation that reduces the organism's fitness. Extinction therapy. Extinction therapy is inspired by mass extinction events from the Anthropocene era. This treatment strategy is also sometimes referred to as first strike-second strike, where the first strike reduces the size and heterogeneity of a population so that the second strike that follows can kill the surviving, often fragmented population below a threshold by stochastic perturbations. Current state. Although there is extensive modeling work on evolutionary therapy, there are only a few completed and ongoing clinical trials that use evolutionary therapy. First one conducted in Moffitt Cancer Center on patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer showed outcomes that \"show significant improvement over published studies and a contemporaneous population.\" This study met with some criticism."}, {"text": "York Civic Trust is a membership organisation and a registered charity based in York, England. Its primary function is to \"preserve, protect and advise on the historic fabric of York\". It is based in Fairfax House. Foundation. York Civic Trust was founded in 1946 in a meeting at the Mansion House between four residents of York: John Bowes Morrell, Oliver Sheldon, Eric Milner-White and Noel Terry. The impetus for the founding of the Civic Trust came from an increasing concern about post-war planning and over-development. The city\u2019s medieval core, and also the buried archaeological heritage of its much longer history, were in considerable danger from the developers. The Archbishop of York, Cyril Garbett, and the Lord Mayor Fred Gaines were in attendance at the first meeting of the Trust. In his speech, the Archbishop referred to the four threats facing the city: time and weather; war (the city had suffered some damage during the Baedeker raid in 1942); commercial greed; and ignorance \u2013 especially that of \u201cpeople who thought they were improving and restoring when really they were ruining and destroying\u201d. Activities. Buildings and public spaces. One of the Trust's most prominent activities has been to help provide the impetus"}, {"text": "for the establishment of the University of York through John Bowes Morrell. It was influential in establishing the first pedestrianised footstreets in York, and in the 1980s this included the closing of Deangate, the road that cut across the Minster precinct and was causing damage to the Minster's foundations. Its role in protecting York's architectural heritage is cited in the Royal Commission volumes on the historical monuments of York. The Trust has also repurposed several redundant churches in York. For example St Sampson\u2019s is now an old people\u2019s centre and St Margaret\u2019s is now the National Centre for Early Music. The Trust has contributed to the City Council\u2019s \"Streetscape manual\" and, through its members, monitors such things as street clutter and degradation, waste disposal sites, wayfinder finger posts and other street identification signs, damage to decorative detail on buildings, and buildings in need of rescue. The Trust has contributed to the development of a series of pocket parks, small quiet areas in the city, like the one adjacent to All Saints' Church. The Trust maintains a City Enhancement Fund, which is used to help start individual projects in the city. Recent restorations undertaken by the Trust include that of the"}, {"text": "derelict Rigg Monument, at St Lawrence's Church, York: a memorial to the six children of John and Ann Rigg who drowned in an accident on the River Ouse in 1830. In 2016/17 it campaigned to save the Bridge Lane Gates, originally installed for the former Archbishop Holgate\u2019s Grammar School playing fields, which are now occupied by the York and District Hospital. They were cast in the 1850s at the Walker Iron Foundry in Walmgate, York. Repairs to the Bridge Lane gates were paid for and organised by Trust members and the work was carried out at the workshops of Barker & Patterson in Hull. The City Enhancement Fund has benefited from the sale of a book by the Trust's former Chairman and former President, \"York, Changing the Face of the City\". This was published in 2016 and describes ways in which the city could be improved. Exhibitions. In 1998 York Civic Trust commissioned the Statue of Constantine the Great, York from the sculptor Philip Jackson located outside York Minster, which is above the headquarters of the Roman fortress. The Trust held an exhibition of images of York titled \"Views of York\" in its Fairfax House Museum in 2012. In 2018"}, {"text": "the Trust contributed to an exhibition in St Williams College and a book titled \"The Streets of York, Four centuries of change\". Planning oversight. The Trust maintains a watching brief on the planning applications which are sent to the City of York Council, and is a recognised body consulted by the Council. Its planning club is led by expert volunteers who are Trust members and has a regular group of University of York post-graduate students working on conservation-related Master's degrees, who meet weekly to scrutinise new or revised planning applications. Its planning committee then makes representations to the City Council. In advance it sometimes holds consultation seminars with members and the public. Such seminars on \u201cYork Futures\u201d have invited public views on the future direction of York, on areas of York such as the Castle Gateway or the railway station, and on the preparation of a draft local plan and of changes to transport policy in York. The Trust aims to protect important and significant parts of the city from intrusive development, such as those which are next to the city walls or the moat around the walls, or next to the Bars (the gates) of the walls or other"}, {"text": "architectural landmarks. Education. Each year since 2013 the Trust has organised two public-speaking competitions, one for primary school children and for one for secondary school children. Highlights are available on Youtube. It has also developed four education packs for teachers of children of primary school age, which are available electronically. The packs cover York Suffragettes; Life in York's Victorian Workhouse; York in World War I and York in World War II. At Civic Days in June, as part of its drive to raise its profile, experts have offered free walking tours of York. Commemorative plaques. York Civic Trust has issued and maintains over a hundred commemorative plaques to people, places or events in the city of York, beginning in 1951 and featuring the Trust's emblem. Blue plaques in the city include dedications to Alcuin, the poet W. H. Auden, the nineteenth-century architect GT Andrews, the comedian Frankie Howerd, Guy Fawkes\u2019 house in Stonegate, and one to commemorate Richard III\u2019s investiture of his son as Prince of Wales in York in 1484. Recent additions have included plaques to: Henry Baines, Anne Lister and partner Ann Walker, Elizabeth Montagu, George Butterworth, James Backhouse, and John Snow. Governance. The Trustees who form the"}, {"text": "Board of York Civic Trust employ a full-time chief executive and other part-time staff from its headquarters in Georgian Fairfax House, on Castlegate. It is a member of the Yorkshire and Humber Association of Civic Societies."}, {"text": "Ter\u00e9z is a Hungarian feminine given name of Greek origin. It is a cognate of the English language Teresa."}, {"text": "Tirfing is an 1898 Swedish-language opera by Wilhelm Stenhammar. The title refers to the magic sword Tyrfing in Norse mythology."}, {"text": "Clarkson Thomas Nylander was a Ghanaian educationist, diplomat and politician. He served as a minister of state and a member of parliament during the first republic. He was a minister of education and minister of state for defence. He was also a member of parliament for the Dangbe-Shai electoral district and later the Ga Rural electoral district. He later represented Ghana in various foreign missions from 1961 to 1969. Early life and education. Nylander was born in 1905 in the Gold Coast. He had his early education at the Accra Methodist School and in Government schools in Accra and Kumasi. He continued at the Government Training College in Accra in 1925 as a foremost student to train as a teacher. Career and politics. Nylander begun teaching at Achimota School from 1926 to 1953. He was appointed an assistant education officer in 1952. Nylander gave up teaching to pursue a career in politics. In 1954 he was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly for the Dangbe-Shai electoral district on the ticket of the Convention People's Party. He was re-elected in 1956, this time as a member for the Ga Rural electoral district. He served in this capacity for the"}, {"text": "district until 1961 when he was absorbed into foreign service. In 1956 he was appointed Ministerial Secretary (deputy minister) for the Ministry of Interior and a year later he was appointed as Minister of Education. He served in this capacity for about two years and in 1959 he was made a Minister of State for Defence. During the elections of the second republic he stood for the Ablekuma seat on the ticket of the National Alliance of Liberals and won. He served in this capacity until 1972 when the Busia government was overthrown. Ambassadorial duties. He was appointed Ghana's High Commissioner to Canada in 1961. He served in this capacity for about three years. In 1964 he was made Ghana's ambassador to Yugoslavia. He served in this capacity until 1966 when the Nkrumah government was overthrown. He remained in foreign service serving as Ghana's ambassador to Liberia from 1966 to 1969 when the NLC government handed over power to a civilian regime. Personal life. He married Florence Nylander in January 1931. Together they had seven children. He is the father of Ladi Nylander, who was a member of the Convention People's Party (CPP) Central Committee between 2004 and 2011. He"}, {"text": "is also the father of the late Mrs. Doris Naa Lamiley Asherker Decker (\"n\u00e9e\" Nylander), who was formerly of the Ghana Library Board. His hobbies included music and singing."}, {"text": "Ryno eller Den vandrande riddaren (Ryno or The Wandering Knight) is an 1834 Swedish-language opera by Eduard Brendler to a libretto by Bernhard von Beskow, which was completed posthumously his patron the Crown Prince Oscar."}, {"text": "Jean-Paul Behr (born 29 June 1947) is a French chemist, elected member of the French Academy of Sciences (since December 2008). Research director at the CNRS, he is known for his work in the field of nucleic acid vectorization. Scientific activities. Jean-Paul Behr has spent most of his career at the University of Strasbourg. After a doctorate in physical organic chemistry under the supervision of Jean-Marie Lehn (1973) followed by a postdoctoral internship in England, he founded the Genetic Chemistry Laboratory at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Strasbourg. His research there focused mainly on the development of molecules capable of encapsulating DNA and transporting it inside living cells. Jean-Paul Behr developed the first effective lipid vectors, then polymeric, which were marketed under the names TransfectamTM, LipofectamineTM and jetPEITM. These vectors are widely used as transfection agents for animal cells in culture, but also as drug-gene carriers in clinical gene therapy trials. To this end, he founded two biotechnology companies, Euroth\u00e9ra (1994\u201397) and Polyplus-transfection (2001)."}, {"text": "Geurt Gijssen (born 15 August 1934) is a Dutch chess International Arbiter (1979), FIDE Honorary Member (2013). Biography. Geurt Gijssen was born in Germany, where his father worked for a tobacco company, but after World War II the family returned to the Netherlands. He has lived in Nijmegen since 1952, where he worked as a mathematics teacher at a secondary school until he retired in 1983. Geurt Gijssen was well known as a chess tournament referee. He has been the head referee of several Chess Olympiads (1998, 2000, 2002, 2006), as well as several matches and tournaments for World Chess Champion titles: In 2013, he became a FIDE Honorary Member and in 2019 he received the Golden Pawn for best European Chess Arbiter from the European Chess Union"}, {"text": "The Municipal Theatre of Teramo was the largest and the most important theatre in the city of Teramo. It was located in Corso San Giorgio, near Piazza Garibaldi. The theatre was inaugurated in 1868 and demolished in 1959. It lasted 91 years, without reaching a century. In its place the new municipal Cineteatro and a large commercial warehouse were constructed. History. The first location in Teramo City of which we have sure information was the one opened in Corradi House around 1792, in which this important family used to live, near the current Via Vittorio Veneto. Since 1840, therefore, the necessity of having a public theatre and not a private one got stronger, until some projects were made. One of these was the one from Marchese Spaccaforno, but it was never realized. After around 20 years of arguments, reviewed projects and continually forgotten, things changed thanks to the National Unity. The architect Nicola Mezucelli from Teramo was charged to make the final project of the new Municipal Theatre of the city. The work, managed in a short period of time, gave the desired theatre to the population. The official inauguration took place on April 20, 1868, during the evening, with"}, {"text": "\"Il ballo in maschera\", an opera by Giuseppe Verdi. The Municipal Theatre has been very active since its opening, even though it never achieved excellent levels. There have been a lot of shows and the fact that many people went to see them confirmed the interest of the population for the structure. After the First World War, the theatrical activity became progressively less intense and the high level cultural shows were really insufficient. The advent of the cinema and the imminent start of the Second World War determined the final compromise of the aims of the theatre. In 1936, the Municipality of Teramo decided to turn the theatre into a movie theatre and also to change its name in Cineteatro Comunale. The theatrical activity found itself sharing spaces and times with the cinematographic one. The last certain theatre season was that of 1954. From 1954 to 1959, the year of its demolition, the Municipal Theatre Functioned almost exclusively as a movie theatre. The unstable condition of the building, the excessive cost of the necessary restoration work, the ceased opera activity and the opening of new cinema spaces, both in the city and in the province, determined the need to take"}, {"text": "drastic decisions on the future of the theatre. Also due to a local economic situation that was struggling to recover from the results of a heavy war, the Municipality of Teramo made some deals with somme of the first department stores of commercial distribution. The people of Teramo saw in the opening of new commercial chains and in the promise of important jobs a lifeline. On May 18, 1959, the city council decided to demolish the theatre. Carino Gambacorta was then the mayor of the city. Out of 25 councillors, only two voted against the demolition proposal. The remaining 23 were in favour. The people were essentially in favour of the decision. Few and isolated voices tried to defend the structure. On November 30, 1959 the demolition of the Municipal Theatre began. In its place was erected the building that today houses the modern Cineteatro and the department store SottoSopra. Structure. The Municipal Theatre building was externally very modest. There were three entries and, in addition to be closed by arched doors, they had never used Casino appartements windows on the upper floor. The entry and the principal facade in front of Corso San Giorgio, where the central entry was"}, {"text": "situated, hadn't any monumental characteristic. Nor for dimensions, neither for decorations. The interior, and particularly the hall, were very fascinating. The hall, equipped with extraordinary acoustic, was capable to host a lot of spectators: total capacity was 608 sits. The location was built in a horseshoe form. There were 56 stages, organised on three orders. On the highest part there was a large gallery, for which a low cost entry ticket was expected. The stage was very significant: about 200 square metres, equipped with the most modern stage machine installations. There were a \"so called puller machine, to move all scenery flats ahead and behind at the same time\", a sophisticated device that could create thunder sounds on the stage through \u00aba box full of pieces of wood with a toothed wheel\u00bb, or the rain, through \u00aba tin wheel with a wooden foot\u00bb, or \u00aba burst of the thunderbolt\u00bb, through \u00abthin boards of walnut, iron plates and ropes\u00bb. The stage arch was gracefully decorated, as was the vault of the hall. The same furnishings chosen by Mezucelli were carefully studied. 24 tin can lights with reverberation for the opera's mouth\", \"22 painted tin lights for the corridors and the stairs'"}, {"text": "shelves\", \"160 wooden chairs for the stalls, with circularly arranged armrests\" were prepared. As well as the \"lecterns, the insoles and the 30 ordinary chairs for the musicians\", as well as the \"paintings of the scene of the countryside, with the backstage, and corresponding skies\". The curtain was of remarkable workmanship. It was decorated by Bernardino De Filippis Delfico and depicted a fine scene relating to the Coronation of Petrarch.Upstairs, overlooking Corso San Giorgio, there was an apartment intended to house the caretaker. In 1906 this room was radically transformed and adapted to the Reduced Theatre. This is how the famous Sala della Cetra was born, with its own stage and a large loft. The small curtain of this pretty room was decorated by Gennaro Della Monica with the representation of Giannina Milli improvising in Florence.In the remaining part of the theatre building there were elegantly decorated staircases, service stairs, numerous corridors, seven dressing rooms for artists, service rooms and a dressing room.In 1943, one of the two anti-aircraft sirens delivered by the Ministry of the Interior to the Prefecture of Teramo for the protection of the population in the event of air raids was installed on the roof of"}, {"text": "the theatre. The siren was then disassembled and returned to the State in 1949, together with its twin placed on the arch of Porta Reale. The Mystery of the Chandelier Modifies. In the centre of the vault in the hall of the Municipal Theatre there was a precious chandelier, commissioned by Nicola Mezucelli. It was a particularly beautiful work, designed by Carlo Ferrario, set designer at La Scala in Milan, and made in Milan by Antonio Pandiani, with a gilded bronze structure and \"guardian of crystals\", equipped with female sculptures on four sides and supported by \"ropes with its wheel of pull\". The cost of this chandelier of extraordinary beauty was very high: it was around 5,000 lire at the time.Following the demolition of the building in 1959, this chandelier was not officially known any more. There are two reconstructions recently advanced in relation to the fate of this artifact. Dismemberment and sale. A recent testimony released in the local press by the son of a Teramo robivecchi, now deceased, in the dismemberment and sale has indicated as used metal the end of this precious chandelier. According to the present testimony, the work was stolen from the demolition site of"}, {"text": "the theatre and subsequently sold to the deceased robivecchi; the latter, in relation to this purchase, was condemned for the crime of receiving stolen goods. The chandelier, dismembered in the crystal parts and now deformed, was then sold as used metal and then sent to the foundry. The copy in the church of the SS. Annunziata. A different reconstruction is based on the circumstance, confirmed by historical documentation, on the basis of which the architect Mezucelli made two separate copies of the chandelier: one to be installed in the hall of the Municipal Theatre and the other, slightly smaller, to be used as a stock. The date on which the chandelier was dismantled from the vault of the theatre hall is not known with certainty; the most reliable hypotheses are those relating to 1959 (the year of the demolition of the building) or to the years just before or after the last known theatre season, that is, 1954. The archive documents show that in 1960, one year after the end of the demolition work on the building, the chandelier removed from the vault was probably kept in storage. The Cathedral of Teramo, unlike today, did not have a parish in"}, {"text": "its bosom. The parish seat was located in the nearby church of Sant'Agostino, which thus played the role of Vicar Care of the Cathedral, at the time led by Don Giovanni Iobbi. On January 11, 1960, the Curated Vicar transmitted a note to the City of Teramo with which he asked to have access to the chandelier of the old theater, demolished the previous year, in order to adorn the church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, of which the same Don Giovanni Iobbi will become the first parish priest, then under construction at the time in Piazza Garibaldi. The City Council then approved Resolution no. 80/38 on February 9, 1960 and ceded to the Vicar Care of the Cathedral \"the chandelier in question\". From this moment on, therefore, the chandelier became available to the Aprutina Church but in the Parish in Piazza Garibaldi the work will never arrive. In Teramo, in the church of SS. Annunziata in Via Nicola Palma there is a chandelier very similar to the one at the time located in the Municipal Theatre. The archives, however, provide nothing in this respect in relation to this unique installation. The current Rector of the church has declared"}, {"text": "that he settled in the SS. Annunziata in 1954, the year of the last theater season in the building of Mezucelli (and, hypothetically, the chandelier may have been removed from the theater on that occasion). When he took office, the Rector found the chandelier of the church in the exact position it still occupies today. This work of remarkable similarity with the one present in the building of Mezucelli, therefore, was already there since 1954. In this case, the resolution of the city council cannot be explained, which in 1960, six years later, ceded the building (obviously still in the hands of the city council) to the vicar of the cathedral. However, it can be assumed that at the church of SS. Annunziata there is a smaller copy of the chandelier of the theater."}, {"text": "Mosley is a 2019 animated fantasy adventure drama film produced by Huhu Studios. It was written and directed by Kirby Atkins, co-directed by Jun Huang, and co-written by Ge Jing. The film stars Atkins and his daughter Leah as Mosley and Rue respectively, with Rhys Darby, Lucy Lawless, Temuera Morrison, and John Rhys-Davies in supporting roles. The film was released in New Zealand on 10 October 2019 by Rialto Distribution. It is the first New Zealand\u2013Chinese co-production. Plot summary. In ancient times, the thoriphants were creatures that migrated north in response to human encroachment. Those that stayed behind were enslaved by humanity, who used them as beasts of burden. Gradually, their backs became bent and they lost the use of their hands. Some thoriphants believe that their cousins known as the Uprights will return to free them one day. A young thoriphant named Mosley is auctioned off and sold to a farmer named Simon, who uses him to plough his fields. Twenty five years later, Mosley and his mate Bera have produced a son named Rue. Mosley and his family are also acquainted with Turpin, who serves as a beast of burden to traveling salesman Bemus and his associates Shank"}, {"text": "and Ollie. Later, Bemus tries to swindle Simon into purchasing a nearby rocky field. Simon agrees to sell Rue after Bera has given birth to her child, much to the dismay of Mosley and Bera. Later that night Rue, guided by several fireflies, leads Mosley to a cave lined with drawings showing Upright Thoriphants. A dispirited Mosley dismisses them as fairy tales. Mosley and Bera later overhear Simon agreeing to sell Rue to Bemus following the birth of her second child. To save their son, Bera convinces Mosley to escape the following day and return to the caves in order to seek clues on how to find the \"Uprights.\" Despite being pursued by Simon, Bemus, Shank and Ollie, Mosley manages to escape into the forest. In response, Bemus convinces Simon to hire the services of the ruthless, tattooed bounty hunter Warfield to bring back Mosley alive. Inside the cave, Mosley stumbles into a sinkhole trap planted by Warfield. However, he manages to escape when Shank and Ollie interfere. Following a pursuit, Mosley manages to hide behind a waterfall with the help of several fireflies. Behind the waterfall, Mosley encounters three \"Upright\" travelers named Warnie, Deaver, and the elderly Gailin and"}, {"text": "realizes that the legends of the Uprights were real. Warnie and his companions agree to bring Mosley back to their city Kineserath, under the pretense that the Uprights are a species of great warriors. During their travels, Mosley and the Uprights learns more about his people's history. They also have several adventures including avoiding death at the cursed \"Great Orchard\" and escaping Warfield with the help of the fireflies, who can communicate with Mosley and Gailin. Warnie realizes that the fireflies are not ordinary creatures but something mystical. Back at Simon's farm, Rue tries to fill his father's shoes by looking after his heavily pregnant mother. Turpin encourages Rue with stories about the Upright and also teaches him to fetch a bucket. However, Semus sells Turpin, devastating Rue. When Bera enters into labour, she convinces Rue to seek Simon's help. Simon helps Bera to deliver her daughter Rosie. Meanwhile, Mosley and the Upright reach Kineserath only to discover that the Upright are a dying species, who have not produced any children for a hundred years. Warnie reveals that the Upright are affected by the curse of the devolution, which he fears will cause them to regress into a non-sentient state."}, {"text": "Warfield catches up with them, laying siege to Kineserath and killing Gailin with an arrow. To save their people, Queen Agaba convinces Mosley to venture into the cursed Orchard in order to find the Living Tree and eat of its fruit in order to reverse the curse. With help of the thoriphants, Mosley lures Warfield into the Orchard. He attempts to reach the Living Tree but is mortally wounded by Warfield's arrows. Before Warfield can kill him, the mystical fireflies form a mystical bright being known as the Guardian, who drives Warfield away and heals Mosley. Mosley returns to the Upright with several of the Living Tree's fruits, which he eats and becomes an Upright. The Upright Mosley returns to Simon's farm where he stops Simon from selling Rue to Bemus. Following a confrontation, he frees his family from servitude. Mosley also gives Bera, Rue, and Rosie fruits from the Living Tree, causing them to become Upright. Together, the family leave Simon's farm to start a new life in Kineserath. Production. \"Mosley\" had been in development by Kirby Atkins since 1997 under the name \"Beast of Burden\". John A. Davis and Keith Alcorn of DNA Productions were initially designated as"}, {"text": "the film's co-producers. Atkins dedicated the film to his mentor Hollywood animator Pres Romanillos. The two had met while working on the 2006 Warner Bros. animated film \"The Ant Bully\". Atkins and Romanillos traveled to Spain to begin development on \"Beast of Burden\" but unfortunately, while in Salamanca, Pres was diagnosed with Leukemia, leading to a long battle with the disease. He eventually died after several bone marrow transplants on July 17, 2010. Devastated, Atkins continued privately on his story while working as a screenwriter in a small Tennessee town with his wife, Priscilla, and two young children. During an interview with the \"New Zealand Herald\" senior entertainment writer Karl Puschmann, Atkins said that he would spend any spare moment working on the film, adding that \"I loved the world and the characters and the idea of it so much I couldn't quit playing with it.\" By the time Atkins' daughter Leah had turned seven years old, he was ready to begin pre-production, having completed a full storyboard treatment of his script and the dialogue. Reflecting on Leah's involvement in the story development, Atkins said In October 2014, Huhu Studios sought help from the New Zealand Film Commission in finding"}, {"text": "co-production and distribution partners for \"Beasts of Burden\". In May 2015, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" reported that China Film Animation, the animation division of the China Film Group had entered into a co-production agreement with Huhu Studios to produce \"Beasts of Burden\", which was allocated a budget of US$20 million. The film was initially set for a 2017 release. Huhu Studios CEO Trevor Yaxley and China Film Animation's Jun Huang were designated as producers while Michael Cerenzie of the Toronto\u2013based Strategem Entertainment and Kevin Spivak of SMI Entertainment were also designated as executive producers. The film was subsequently renamed \"Mosley\", with several New Zealand media describing it as the first official New Zealand\u2013Chinese co-production. In July 2019, Rhys Darby, Lucy Lawless, and Temuera Morrison were identified as cast members. Manuel Aparicio served as animation director, Randy Hayes as lead animator, Markus Kristensen as cinematographer and production designer, Alain Mayrand as music director, Bill Boyce, Daniel Story, David Townsend, and Yang Uhe, and Chen Zhenyu served as producers while Pixar veteran Kathy Toon served as editor. Chris Omundsen served as the movie's special effects lead while Grant Watkins served as first assistant editor. The film's executive producers have included Tony Bancroft, Ye"}, {"text": "Changchun, John Dunn, Jeremie Guiraud, Wu Hongling, Deng Jianxin, Wang Jinle, La Peikang, Jack Sheehan, Zhao Yan, Nathan Yang, and Trevoy Yaxley. Promotion and release. \"Mosley\" was theatrically released in New Zealand by Rialto Distributors on 10 October 2019. Cast member Rhys Darby promoted the film during an interview with \"New Zealand Herald\" journalist Karl Puschmann in early October 2019. The film is also available on the iTunes Store in Australia. Reception. Liam Maguren of the New Zealand film and cinema website \"Flicks.co.nz\" described \"Mosley\" as \"a worthy all-ages adventure\" while warning about a heartbreaking moment in the opening act. While describing the film's visuals as a \"mixed bag\", Maguren praised story writer and director Kirby Atkins for a compelling story and impressive animation, opining that the Thoriphants' character expressions matched the quality of Pixar's animation. Maguren also praised \"Mosley\" for standing out in a children's cinema \"clogged up with merchandise tie-ins.\" Steve Kopian at unseenfilms.net declared, \u201cKirby Atkins' two decade labor of love is amazing. A kick-ass film, it will move you to tears. This is not a by the numbers tale by any stretch of the imagination, with the result that we are moved much more deeply than"}, {"text": "most recent Disney or Pixar films. Told with beautiful images, perfect voices and a magnificent sense of daring do, MOSLEY is the kind of film they don't make anymore, a myth made modern, perfectly modulated to delight, move and inspire its audience. This is a story of growth and hope and exactly the sort of film we need right now.\u201d James Croot of the news website Stuff gave the film a mixed review, awarding it three stars. While describing \"Mosley\" as \"slickly animated and impressively rendered,\" he opined that the film \"lacked the narrative sparkle and sheen of a Pixar or Dreamworks feature.\" Despite its \"uneven tone,\" Croot praised the film for what he regarded as a \"decent amount of action\", its familiar voices, and a \"couple of clever twists and turns.\" Francesca Rudkin of the \"New Zealand Herald\" gave the film four stars and praised Atkins for presenting \"Mosley\" \"hefty themes in a way that people of all ages could relate to.\" She described the film as a \"family affair\", praising Atkins and his daughter Leah for their voice work as Mosley and Rue. Rudkin wrote that Chris Robinson of Cartoon Brew described the film as a \"quiet, poignant"}, {"text": "and dramatic film (with comic moments) that addresses timeless themes of tolerance, family, and the importance of finding your true self.\" Accolades. On 16 October 2019, \"Mosley\" was nominated for \"Best Animated Feature\" at the Twelfth Asia Pacific Screen Awards held in Brisbane, Australia and listed as a \"special screening event\" at the Annecy Film Festival. In 2020 the film was nominated for \"Best Animated Feature\" at the Ottawa International Animation Festival, the Burbank International Film Festival, and the Festival of Cinema New York City. The film also won the Golden Dolphin Award for Best Animated Feature Film at China's 13th Xiamen International Animation Festival."}, {"text": "Manuel (foaled 27 September 2013 - 24 January 2020) was a Group 1 winning Australian thoroughbred racehorse. Background. Manuel was sold at the 2015 Inglis Easter yearling sale for A$240,000. Racing career. Manuel won the 2019 C F Orr Stakes at Caulfield Racecourse when leading all the way at odds of 20/1. This was Manuel's first attempt at a Group 1 race. Death. On the 24 January 2020, Manuel was euthanised at Moonee Valley Racecourse after suffering severe injuries when falling in the Australia Stakes."}, {"text": "Chinese censorship abroad refers to extraterritorial censorship by the government of the People's Republic of China (Chinese Communist Party; CCP), i.e., censorship that is conducted beyond China's own borders. The censorship can be applied to both Chinese expatriates and foreign groups. Sensitive topics that have been censored include the political status of Taiwan, human rights in Tibet, Xinjiang internment camps, the persecution of Uyghurs in China, the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, the 2019\u20132020 Hong Kong protests, the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China, the PRC government's COVID-19 pandemic response, the persecution of Falun Gong, and more general issues related to human rights and democracy in China. Self-censorship is undertaken by foreign companies wishing to do business in mainland China, a growing phenomenon given the country's market size and enormous consumer base. Companies seeking to avoid offending the Chinese regime and Chinese customers have engaged in self-censorship, as well as disciplining of staff that have offended the regime. When pressured by the Chinese regime, some companies have apologized or made statements in support of the regime's policies. The PRC government pays 50 Cent Party operatives and encourages \"Little Pink\" nationalist netizens to combat any perceived dissent against its position on"}, {"text": "Chinese issues, including opposing any foreign expressions of support for protesters or perceived separatist movements, with the country's \"Patriotic Education campaign\" since the 1990s emphasising the dangers of foreign influence and the country's \"century of humiliation\" by outside powers. Censorship of overseas services is also undertaken by companies based in China, such as WeChat and TikTok. Chinese citizens living abroad as well as family residing in China have also been subject to threats to their employment, education, pension, and business opportunities if they engage in expression critical of the Chinese government or its policies. With limited pushback by foreign governments and organisations, these issues have led to growing concern about self-censorship, compelled speech and a chilling effect on free speech in other countries. Censored topics. Traditionally, foreign companies wishing to do business in China needed to avoid references to \"The Three Ts and Two Cs\": Tibet, Taiwan, the Tiananmen Square massacre, cult (the CCP's label for Falun Gong), and criticism of the Chinese Communist Party. This included related topics such as the Dalai Lama, who the Chinese government considers a subversive Tibetan \"splittist\" and opposes any expressions of support from foreign governments or organisations. In the early 21st century, companies"}, {"text": "faced potential backlash on a broader range of issues relating to China, such as failing to include Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan as part of China on their websites in violation of the One China Policy. Further sensitive topics include: comments about current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping's weight, including comparisons to rotund children's character Winnie the Pooh; the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, disregard of the Chinese government's nine-dash line in the South China Sea dispute; the internment camps and other human rights abuses against Uyghurs in Xinjiang; expressions of support for the 2019\u20132020 Hong Kong protests, and the government's censorship of the COVID-19 pandemic. Academia. There is growing concern that the Chinese government is trying to silence its critics abroad, particularly in academic settings. Historically, censorship in China was contained within the country's borders, but following the ascension of Xi Jinping to General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012, the focus has expanded to silencing dissent and criticism abroad, particularly in academia. There have been a number of incidents of Chinese students studying abroad in Western universities seeking to censor academics or students who espouse views inconsistent with the official Chinese"}, {"text": "Communist Party position. This includes intimidation and violence against the University of Auckland and University of Queensland protesters demonstrating in support of Hong Kong and Uyghurs, challenging lecturers whose course materials do not follow the One China Policy by listing Hong Kong and Taiwan as separate countries, and tearing down Lennon Walls in support of the Hong Kong democracy movement. In 2019, the PRC Consul-General in Brisbane, Xu Jie, faced legal proceedings by Drew Pavlou, a student who had organised a demonstration in support of the 2019\u20132020 Hong Kong protests. Pavlou alleged that Jie incited death threats by accusing him of \"anti-Chinese separatism\". The court dismissed the suit on the basis of diplomatic immunity. Pavlou was later suspended for two years by the university over allegations of discriminatory bullying and harassment of university staff and students, which he claimed was intended to silence his criticism of the university's close links to the PRC and reliance on Chinese student tuition fees. Academics in British universities teaching on Chinese topics were also warned by the Chinese government to support the Chinese Communist Party or be refused entry to the country. Professors who disregarded the warnings to speak more positively about the CCP"}, {"text": "have had their visas cancelled which prevents them from doing fieldwork in China. American universities have engaged in self-censorship on Chinese issues, including North Carolina State University cancelling a visit by the Dalai Lama in 2009 and University of Maryland Chinese student Yang Shuping apologising after harsh reaction to her commencement speech praising the \"fresh air\" of democracy and freedom in the United States. In November 2019, Columbia University cancelled a panel on human rights in China titled \"Panopticism with Chinese Characteristics: Human rights violations by the Chinese Communist Party and how they affect the world.\" Panel organizers criticized the university for allegedly compromising academic freedom by acquiescing to undue influence and threats of disturbances. In March 2021, British Uyghur expert Joanne Smith Finley was sanctioned by China after she referred to the situation in Xinjiang as a genocide in comments given to the Associated Press. In July 2021, more than 100 winners of the Nobel Prize published an open statement rebuking the Chinese government for pressuring the National Academy of Sciences to rescind a speaking invitation they had extended to Taiwanese Nobel Chemistry Prize winner Yuan T. Lee. Confucius Institutes. Concerns have been raised about the activities of Chinese"}, {"text": "government-funded Confucius Institutes in western universities, which are subject to rules set by Beijing-based Hanban that prevent the discussion of sensitive topics including Tibet, Tiananmen Square and Taiwan. Institute learning materials also omit instances of humanitarian catastrophes under the Chinese Communist Party such as the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. \"Foreign Policy\" has likened Confucius Institutes to the \"anaconda in the chandelier\"; by their mere presence, they impact what staff and students feel safe discussing which leads to self-censorship. American critics include FBI director Christopher Wray and politicians Seth Moulton, Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio. Human Rights Watch considers the Confucius Institutes to be extensions of the Chinese government that prioritise political loyalty in their hiring decisions. Concerns arose following the 2014 Braga incident, in which materials for the Hanban-sponsored European Association for Chinese Studies 2014 conference in Braga were stolen and censored on the orders of Xu Lin, Director-General of Hanban and Chief Executive of the Confucius Institute Headquarters. Lin ordered the removal of references to Taiwanese academic institutions on the basis that they were \"contrary to Chinese regulations\", which \"The Wall Street Journal\" described as a \"bullying approach to academic freedom\". The incident led to a number"}, {"text": "of universities banning Confucius Institutes from their campuses, including Stockholm University, Copenhagen Business School, Stuttgart Media University, the University of Hohenheim, the University of Lyon, the University of Chicago, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Michigan and McMaster University. Public schools in Toronto and New South Wales have also ceased their involvement in the program. In 2019, media reports emerged that four of the University of Queensland's courses relating to China had been funded by the local Confucius Institute, with the university's senate ending such deals in May 2019. The university's vice-chancellor, Peter H\u00f8j, had previously been a senior consultant to Hanban. Several Confucius Institute contracts included clauses requiring the host university to follow Confucius Institute Headquarters' edicts on \"teaching quality\", raising concerns about foreign influence and academic freedom. In 2020, the University of Melbourne and University of Queensland renegotiated their contracts to safeguard teaching autonomy in light of new Federal government laws requiring transparency on foreign influence. Chinese Students and Scholars Association. The Chinese Students and Scholars Association (CSSA) has branches in various overseas university campuses. Many, though not all, of the associations are partly funded by, and report back to, the local Chinese Embassy. One of the"}, {"text": "aims of the Association is to \"love the motherland\". There is a history of branches pressuring their host university to cancel talks relating to Tibet, democracy movements of China, Uyghurs, the Hong Kong protests, and Falun Gong. The CSSA has also been found to put pressure on Chinese students overseas not to criticize the Chinese government. The McMaster University branch in Canada had its club status revoked in 2019 after coordinating its opposition to a speech by Uyghur activist Rukiye Turdush with the local Chinese consulate, including sending back footage, in violation of student union rules. The University of Adelaide branch was deregistered for failing to follow democratic procedures. Airlines. In 2018, the Civil Aviation Administration of China sent letters to 44 international airlines demanding that they cease referring to Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau as separate countries on their websites, or risk being classified as \"severely untrustworthy\" and subject to sanctions. Despite being criticised by the United States government as \"Orwellian nonsense\", all airlines complied. In 2020, \"Taiwan News\" reported that Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs had convinced 22 airlines to undo the change. Film and music industry. Hollywood producers generally seek to comply with the Chinese government's censorship"}, {"text": "requirements in a bid to access the country's restricted and lucrative cinema market, with the second-largest box office in the world as of 2019. Western productions also engage in self-censorship on topics and themes that may trigger censorship and backlash in mainland China in order to access its lucrative domestic market, and to appease their financial investors. A memo issued by China's Ministry of Radio, Film and Television, sent to Jack Valenti, president of the Motion Picture Association and addressed to Chinese film offices, banned cooperation with the Hollywood studios that produced \"Red Corner\" (MGM/United Artists), \"Kundun\" (Disney) and \"Seven Years in Tibet\" (Columbia TriStar), as films that \"viciously attack China [and] hurt Chinese people's feelings... Although . . . all kinds of efforts have been made, those three American companies are still pushing out above films... In order to protect Chinese national overall interests, it has been decided that all business cooperation with these three companies to be ceased temporarily without exception.\" Testifying before the United States Senate Committee on Finance, Subcommittee on International Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness on \"censorship as a non-tariff barrier\" in 2020, Richard Gere, chairman of the board of directors for the International Campaign"}, {"text": "for Tibet, stated that economic interest compel studios to avoid social and political issues Hollywood once addressed, \"Imagine Marty Scorsese's \"Kundun\", about the life of the Dalai Lama, or my own film \"Red Corner\", which is highly critical of the Chinese legal system. Imagine them being made today. It wouldn't happen.\" \"Red Corner\", a 1997 American film, was censored in China due to its unflattering portrayal of China's judicial system. Lead actor Richard Gere was vocal about how the film is \"... a different angle of dealing with Tibet\" and a political statement about China's oppression of Tibet, even though Tibet is never mentioned in the film. Chinese officials visited MGM, the film's studio and distributor, to ask why the studio was releasing the movie during the U.S. visit of CCP General Secretary Jiang Zemin. Gere claims his political activism regarding Tibet and his friendship with the Dalai Lama has disrupted his film career and effects the financing, production and distribution of films he is connected with. A 2019 article by \"The Washington Post\" stated that Hollywood \"tried to avoid content that authorities find morally or politically offensive\" to win film distribution slots, and listed \"Red Dawn\" modifying the movie's"}, {"text": "villains as being from North Korea rather than from China as an example. The 2019 DreamWorks animated film \"Abominable\" included the PRC's nine-dash line in a map of the South China Sea shown during the movie, which resulted in the film being banned in Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines as it disputes the PRC's claim. In 2016, Marvel Entertainment attracted criticism for its decision to cast Tilda Swinton as the \"Ancient One\" in the film adaptation \"Doctor Strange\", using a white woman to play a traditionally Tibetan character. The film's co-writer, C. Robert Cargill, stated in an interview that this was done to avoid angering China: Another instance of China censorship influence on Hollywood productions was when ' deleted scenes shot in Shanghai, which featured \"laundry drying on clotheslines from apartment buildings\", that the Chinese censors requested be cut because they believed it presented a backward view of the country to the rest of the world. According to interviews conducted by human rights group PEN America, LGBT content was removed from \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", \"Star Trek Beyond\", ' and \"Cloud Atlas\", to avoid antagonizing Chinese censors. In 2021, Chinese social media coverage of director Chlo\u00e9 Zhao's Oscar win was censored, as"}, {"text": "old social media posts of Zhao were considered to be critical of China. The releases of Zhao's \"Nomadland\" and \"Eternals\", previously thought to be confirmed, were not approved for theatrical release in China. Although Tibet was previously a \"cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre\" in Hollywood, featuring in films including \"Kundun\" and \"Seven Years in Tibet\", in the 21st century, this is no longer the case. Actor and high-profile Tibet supporter Richard Gere stated that he was no longer welcome to participate in mainstream Hollywood films after criticizing the PRC government in 1993, acting in a 1997 film critical of the PRC's legal system (\"Red Corner\"), and calling for a boycott of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Brad Pitt was banned from China between 1997 and 2014 after starring in the film \"Seven Years in Tibet\". Lady Gaga was banned in China a second time since she met with the Dalai Lama in 2016 at the 84th Annual U.S. Conference of Mayors in Indianapolis where she joined with the Dalai Lama to talk about the power of kindness and how to make the world a more compassionate place. An order was issued for state-controlled media to condemn this meeting by the Publicity Department"}, {"text": "of the Chinese Communist Party. Gaga was added to a list of hostile foreign forces, and Chinese websites and media organizations were ordered to stop distributing her songs. In China, her appearance was cut from the \"\" special in 2021, and her image was blacked out in reporting on the 2019 Oscars in China. In March 2022, China's major online streaming services such as iQiyi, Tencent Video and Youku removed most of Keanu Reeves' filmography after he made a virtual appearance at a benefit concert for Tibet House, a nonprofit linked to the Dalai Lama. During the promotional tour of Justin Lin's \"F9\" in 2021, John Cena referred to Taiwan as \"a country\". He was subsequently forced to issue an apology on social media due to China's insistence that it considers Taiwan a part of China. In April 2020, Chinese netizens in Bangkok criticised people who questioned the One-China Principle. The statement came as a response to a Thai actor, Vachirawit Chivaaree, who inadvertently liked a Tweet featuring cityscapes, one being Hong Kong, with a caption describing it as a country. He immediately deleted the image on noticing; however, the issue forced an apology from the actor. In 2017, his"}, {"text": "ex-girlfriend was found to have shared an Instagram post calling herself a Taiwanese girl wearing Chinese dress. This began a \"Thai-Chinese Meme War\". The CCP-controlled \"Global Times\" claimed his show experienced a backlash in China. According to Reuters, \"The Milk Tea Alliance\" has become a grassroots democracy movement in Taiwan and Hong Kong. On June 25, 2020, GMM Grammy, the parent company of GMMTV, where he is a talent, sent lawyers to the Technology Crime Unit to file lawsuits against social media users accused of spreading malicious messages about him. Video games. Censorship affects global releases of Chinese games, or non-Chinese games that are available for Chinese players. This affects content available to players outside China. For example, the chat in the English-language version of \"Genshin Impact\" censors not only swear words but also words such as Taiwan, Tibet, Hong, Kong, Falun Gong, Stalin, Hitler and Putin. A study of about 200 Chinese games found out that over 180,000 words have been subject to blacklisting. Due to the sensitive nature of this topic, many companies, including many outside China like Riot Games, Electronic Arts, Activision Blizzard, Ubisoft, GOG and Krafton, tend to avoid commenting on this issue, preferring silence to"}, {"text": "the risk of offending either the Chinese authorities or their critics. International organizations. China strongly opposes the participation of Taiwan in international organisations as a violation of the One China Principle, and Taiwan may only participate in international bodies as \"Chinese Taipei\" or \"Taiwan, China\". Chinese Taipei was initially agreed under the Nagoya Resolution as the name to be used for the Taiwanese team at the Olympic Games from the 1980s. Under PRC pressure, Taiwan is referred to by other international organisations under different names, such as \"Taiwan Province of China\" by the International Monetary Fund and \"Taiwan District\" by the World Bank. The PRC government has also pressured international beauty pageants including Miss World, Miss Universe and Miss Earth to only allow Taiwanese contestants competing under the designation \"Miss Chinese Taipei\" rather than \"Miss Taiwan\". In January 2020, as the coronavirus epidemic expanded beyond China's borders and international commentators criticized Taiwan's exclusion from various United Nations agencies, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) blocked numerous Twitter accounts \u2013 including ones belonging to Capitol Hill staffers and D.C.-based analysts \u2013 after facing online criticism for excluding Taiwan from membership. Both ICAO and their Twitter account were run by Chinese nationals."}, {"text": "On 23 September 2020, Wikimedia's application for the status as an official observer at the World Intellectual Property Organization was rejected by Chinese government because China's representative claimed that they had \"spotted a large amount of content and disinformation in violation of [the] One China principle\" on webpages affiliated with Wikimedia, and Wikimedia's Taiwan branch has been \"carrying out political activities... which could undermine the state's sovereignty and territorial integrity\". Journalism. The PRC limits press freedom, with Xi Jinping telling state media outlets in 2016 that the Chinese Communist Party expects their \"absolute loyalty\". In Hong Kong, inconvenient journalists face censorship by stealth through targeted violence, arrests, withdrawal of official advertising and/or dismissal. Foreign journalists also face censorship given the ease with which their articles can be translated and shared across the country. Foreign journalists have reported rising official interference with their work, with a 2016 Foreign Correspondents' Club of China survey finding 98% considered reporting conditions failed to meet international standards. Interference includes withholding a visa to work in the country, harassment and violence by secret police and requiring press conference questions to be submitted for pre-screening. Journalists also reported that local sources who speak to them face harassment,"}, {"text": "intimidation or detention by government officials, leading to a decreased willingness to cooperate with journalists. Foreign journalists also face hacking of their email accounts by the PRC to discover their sources. The 2017 results indicated increasing violence and obstruction, with BBC reporter Matthew Goddard being punched by assailants who attempted to steal his equipment after he refused to show them footage taken. In 2017, 73% of foreign journalists reported being restricted or prohibited from reporting in Xinjiang, up from 42% in 2016. Journalists also reported more pressure from PRC diplomats on their headquarters to delete stories. Visas have been denied to a number of foreign journalists who wrote articles displeasing to the PRC government, such as the treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang. Expelled journalists include \"L'Obs\" reporter Ursula Gauthier, Al Jazeera journalist Melissa Chan in 2012, BuzzFeed China bureau chief Megha Rajagopalan in 2018, and Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian, who was denied a visa in 2019 after being hired by AFP. As a result of increasing intimidation and the threat of being denied a visa, foreign journalists operating in China have increasingly engaged in self-censorship. Topics avoided by journalists include Xinjiang, Tibet and Falun Gong. Despite this, controversial stories continue to be"}, {"text": "published on occasion, such as the hidden wealth of political elites including Wen Jiabao and Xi Jinping. The PRC government has also increasingly sought to influence public opinion abroad by hiring foreign reporters for state media outlets and paying for officially sanctioned \"China Watch\" inserts to be included in overseas newspapers including \"The New York Times\", \"The Wall Street Journal\", \"The Washington Post\" and \"The Daily Telegraph\". In April 2021, a diplomatic controversy arose between Sweden and China when Jojje Olsson, a Swedish journalist posted in Taiwan, published a series of threatening and abusive letters sent to him by the Chinese Embassy in Sweden. Diplomacy and foreign relations. Since Xi Jinping took control over foreign affairs for the People's Republic of China, the regime has adopted \"a truculent posture\" in international relations, including what is said about China or its interests. \"The New York Times\" columnist Nicholas Kristof has observed that \"Xi doesn't want to censor information just in his own country; he also wants to censor our own discussions in the West.\" A key example is how Beijing opposes any meeting by foreign politicians with the Dalai Lama, even in a personal capacity. However, its response differs depending on"}, {"text": "the political leaders and nations involved. Australia. By November 2019, the PRC refused travel visas to Australian politicians Andrew Hastie and James Paterson after they criticised the Chinese Communist Party, its interference in Australian politics and its poor human rights record. The Chinese Embassy stated that the pair needed to \"repent\" before they would be allowed into the country, which Hastie and Paterson refused. Canada. In 2015, the PRC detained then deported a Chinese-Canadian politician Richard Lee on the basis he had \"endangered national security\" by speaking out against PRC interference in Canadian politics. Czech Republic. Soon after becoming mayor of Prague, Zden\u011bk H\u0159ib hosted a meeting of foreign diplomats, and was asked by the Chinese ambassador to expel the Taiwanese representative. He refused to do so. China pointed out that Prague had already agreed to a One-China policy when the previous mayor had entered an agreement to make Beijing Prague's twin city. When H\u0159ib asked to renegotiate the agreement, China cut off contact, refusing to reply to letters or emails, threatening to withhold funds for a Prague soccer club and unilaterally canceled the Prague Symphony Orchestra's China tour, moves which H\u0159ib described as \"bullying\". In January 2020, H\u0159ib ended"}, {"text": "Prague's city-to-city agreement with Beijing, creating a new agreement with Taipei instead. When Czech Senator Jaroslav Kubera announced plans to visit Taiwan, China announced that \"Czech companies whose representatives visit Taiwan with chairman Kubera will not be welcome in China or with the Chinese people.\" Shortly after receiving this threat, Kubera died of a heart attack. European Union. In 2021, China imposed sanctions on five members of the European Parliament and members of the EU human rights and security committee because of EU statements and action regarding the repression of the Uyghurs. Germany. In 2016, the Chinese Ambassador to Germany \"put massive pressure\" on the Chairman of the Bundestag's Human Rights Committee, Michael Brand, a member of the conservative CDU party, in connection to his work exposing human rights abuses in Tibet. He later said, \"self-censorship is out of the question\". In August 2019, a delegation of the German Bundestag due to visit China had all their visas blocked as one of its members, Margarete Bause, a Green, is a vocal supporter of the Muslim Uyghur minority. She believes that to be \"an attempt at silencing parliamentarians who support human rights loudly and clearly\". Japan. In June 2021, China lodged"}, {"text": "diplomatic and public protests after Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga referred to Taiwan as a country. According to spokesperson Wang Wenbin, \"China expresses strong dissatisfaction with Japan's erroneous remarks and has lodged a solemn protest against Japan.\" Lithuania. In March 2021, China blacklisted Lithuanian MP Dovil\u0117 \u0160akalien\u0117 because of comments she made regarding human rights. New Zealand. Jenny Shipley was Prime Minister of New Zealand and, after leaving politics, served as a director of China Construction Bank global board for six years from 2007 to 2013, then as Chair of China Construction Bank New Zealand up until 31 March 2019. In a case of what may be compelled speech, rather than restricted speech, the former Prime Minister appeared to write an opinion piece, \"We need to learn to listen to China\" in the Communist Party controlled newspaper, \"People's Daily\". It contained strong endorsements of current Chinese foreign policy, such as \"The belt and road initiative (BRI) proposed by China is one of the greatest ideas we've ever heard globally. It is a forward-looking idea, and in my opinion, it has the potential to create the next wave of economic growth.\" Ms Shipley later denied ever writing the article.\" In May"}, {"text": "2020, efforts were made to silence criticism of China by Winston Peters, the current serving Foreign Minister of New Zealand. Matthew Hooton, a columnist at \"The New Zealand Herald\", said that Peters should be sacked if he insults China one more time. In July 2025, the Chinese Embassy in New Zealand attempted to block the screening of the documentary \"\" by sending a letter to the DocEdge Festival in Auckland, criticizing the film as propaganda and urging the cancellation of future showings. In response, the Doc Edge general manager Rachael Penman said they had refused the request and willingly stood by all their filmmakers. The Chinese Consulate General in Auckland echoed the demand, claiming the documentary spread disinformation and served as a political tool to advance the Philippines\u2019 maritime claims. In response, New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs affirmed its support for freedom of expression, and the festival proceeded with the screenings. Sweden. On 15 November 2019, the Culture Minister of Sweden, Amanda Lind, went against the wishes of the Chinese Communist Party leadership and awarded Gui Minhai the PEN Tucholsky prize \"in absentia\". Mr Gui, a Chinese-born Swedish citizen had published poetry critical of communist China and was said"}, {"text": "to be preparing a book about the love life of Xi Jinping and had been arrested by Chinese security agents whilst being accompanied by Swedish diplomats on a train from Shanghai to Beijing. Following the award, China's embassy in Stockholm released a statement saying that Minister Lind's attendance was \"a serious mistake\" and that \"wrong deeds will only meet with bad consequences\". In the days afterwards China's Ambassador to Sweden, Gui Congyou, announced that \"two large delegations of businessmen who were planning to travel to Sweden have cancelled their trip\" Ms Lind has already been threatened with a ban on entering China if she went ahead with the prize giving. Later that month the Ambassador later gave an interview on Swedish public radio in which he said, \"We treat our friends with fine wine, but for our enemies we have shotguns.\" United Kingdom. In 2019, the Chinese Ambassador to the United Kingdom warned that country's politicians against adopting a \"colonial mindset\" and observing limits in their comments on issues such as the Hong Kong protests and South China Sea dispute with China's neighbours. China later suspended the Stock Connect link between the Shanghai and London stock exchanges, in part due"}, {"text": "to the United Kingdom's support for Hong Kong protesters. Publishing. Cambridge University Press drew criticism in 2017 for removing articles from its \"China Quarterly\" covering topics such as the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre, Tibet, Xinjiang, Hong Kong and the Cultural Revolution to avoid having its Chinese operations shut down. Attempts of censorship are documented for Brill and Taylor & Francis. Springer Nature also acceded to Chinese demands to censor articles relating to Chinese politics, Taiwan, Tibet and human rights. In August 2020, Springer Nature was reported to have rejected the publication of an article at the behest of its co-publisher, Wenzhou Medical University, from a Taiwanese doctor because the word \"China\" was not placed after \"Taiwan.\" Springer Nature has removed articles without even informing the authors and refused \"to reverse the decision but continuing to justify it as being in the best interests of the global academic community and necessary for the advancement of research\". In 2017, the Australian publisher Allen & Unwin refused to publish Clive Hamilton's book \"Silent Invasion\" about growing Chinese Communist Party influence in Australia, fearing potential legal action from the Chinese government or its local proxies under the auspices of the United Front Work Department."}, {"text": "Publishers using Chinese printers have also been subject to local censorship, even for books not intended for sale in China. Books with maps face particular scrutiny, with one Victoria University Press book \"Fifteen Million Years in Antarctica\" required to remove the English term \"Mount Everest\" in favour of the Chinese equivalent \"Mount Qomolangma\". This has led publishers to consider printers in alternative countries, such as Vietnam. Whistleblower Edward Snowden criticised Chinese censors for removing passages in the translated version of his book \"Permanent Record\", in which passages about authoritarianism, democracy, freedom of speech and privacy were removed. Technology companies. Several American technology companies cooperate with Chinese government policies, including internet censorship, such as helping authorities build the Great Firewall to restrict access to sensitive information. Yahoo drew controversy after supplying the personal data of its user Shi Tao to the PRC government, resulting in Tao's 10-year imprisonment for \"leaking state secrets abroad\". In 2006, Microsoft, Google, Yahoo! and Cisco appeared before a congressional inquiry into their Chinese operations where their cooperation with censorship and privacy breaches of individuals faced criticism. U.S. video conferencing company Zoom, which bases most of its research and development team in China, closed the account of"}, {"text": "a U.S.-based user who held a Zoom vigil commemorating the Tiananmen Square massacre. The Chinese government is increasingly pressuring overseas individuals and companies to cooperate with its censorship model, including in relation to overseas communications made by foreign people for non-Chinese audiences. WeChat, the China-based social media platform owned by Tencent has been described by the BBC as a \"powerful weapon of social control\". WeChat is known to have censoring messages concerning the coronavirus. A report by the Citizen Lab found that Tencent also uses the platform for the surveillance of foreign nationals. In December 2020, WeChat blocked a post by Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison during a diplomatic spat between Australia and China. In his WeChat post Morrison had criticized a doctored image posted by a Chinese diplomat and praised the Chinese-Australian community. The company claimed to have blocked the post because it \"violated regulations, including distorting historical events and confusing the public\". On 4 June 2021, the 32nd anniversary of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, searches for the Tank Man image and videos were censored by Microsoft's Bing search engine worldwide. Hours after Microsoft acknowledged the issue, the search returned only pictures of tanks elsewhere in"}, {"text": "the world. Search engines that license results from Microsoft such as DuckDuckGo and Yahoo faced similar issues. Microsoft said the issue was \"due to an accidental human error\". The director of Human Rights Watch, Kenneth Roth, said he found the idea it was an inadvertent error \"hard to believe\". David Greene, Civil Liberties Director at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, said that content moderation was impossible to do perfectly and \"egregious mistakes are made all the time\", but he further elaborated that \"At worst, this was purposeful suppression at the request of a powerful state.\" Apple has allowed political censorship for the Chinese market to spill into other markets. A 2023 study of TikTok by Rutgers University researchers found a \"strong possibility that content on TikTok is either amplified or suppressed based on its alignment with the interests of the Chinese government.\" Commenting on the study, \"The New York Times\" stated, \"[a]lready, there is evidence that China uses TikTok as a propaganda tool. Posts related to subjects that the Chinese government wants to suppress \u2014 like Hong Kong protests and Tibet \u2014 are strangely missing from the platform.\" In August 2024, Rutgers University researchers released a new report based on user"}, {"text": "journey data. By searching for four keywords \u2014 Uyghur, Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tiananmen \u2014 on TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram, the researchers found that TikTok's algorithm displayed a higher percentage of positive, neutral, or irrelevant content related to China's human rights abuses compared to the other two apps. The researchers also found that users spending three hours or more daily on TikTok were significantly more positive about China's human rights records than non-users. TikTok dismissed NCRI's study. Sports. In 2019, ESPN's Chuck Salituro, the channel's senior news director, sent an internal memo to staff banning any discussion of political issues concerning China or Hong Kong when covering the controversy of Daryl Morey's tweet in support of Hong Kong protesters. In October 2019, Houston Rockets general manager Daryl Morey apologized for his tweet featuring the slogan: \"Fight for Freedom, Stand with Hong Kong.\" The apology came after China's consulate general in Houston demanded the team to \"immediately correct the mistakes\". Following Morey's deleted tweet, China's state broadcaster CCTV-5 and Tencent Sports suspended airing and live-streaming Houston Rockets events. The NBA acknowledged that Morey's views \"have deeply offended many of our friends and fans in China, which is regrettable,\" but NBA Commissioner Adam"}, {"text": "Silver would not apologize for the tweet. In October 2021, Chinese broadcaster and NBA partner Tencent blocked Boston Celtics games after Celtics player Enes Kanter Freedom made Twitter remarks supporting Tibet's freedom. He also called CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping a \"dictator\" on social media. China accused Kanter Freedom of \"clout-chasing\" and \"trying to get attention\". At the 2021 24 Hours of Le Mans car race, a Taiwanese team was asked by event organizers to switch the Taiwanese national flag for the Chinese Taipei flag. Notable instances. The table below includes notable instances outside China where a government, company or other entity has either censored, or been censored on, a China-related issue. Opposition and resistance. In 2010, Google opposed China's censorship policies, ultimately leaving the country. By 2017, the company had dropped its opposition, including planning a Chinese Communist Partyapproved censored search engine named Project Dragonfly. Work on the project was terminated in 2019. In 2019, Comedy Central's animated sitcom \"South Park\" released the episode \"Band in China\", which satirised the self-censorship of Hollywood producers to suit Chinese censors and featured one character yelling \"Fuck the Chinese government!\". This was followed by a mock apology from the show's creators Trey"}, {"text": "Parker and Matt Stone, which also made light of a recent controversy involving the NBA's alleged appeasement of Chinese government censorship: The show was banned in mainland China following the incident. Protesters in Hong Kong screened the episode on the city's streets. The musician Zedd was banned from China after liking a tweet from South Park. Politics. On 4 June 2020, politicians from eight democratic countries formed the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China, an international cross-party alliance focused on concerns with the PRC and the Chinese Communist Party, including its attempts to censor or punish those making adverse comments. It is chaired by Iain Duncan Smith, former leader of the British Conservative Party. Milk Tea Alliance. The Milk Tea Alliance describes an online democratic solidarity movement of netizens from Thailand, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. The Milk Tea Alliance arose in response to the increased presence of Chinese 50 Cent Party, Internet Water Army, and Little Pink trolls and nationalist commentators on social media. Milk tea is used as a symbol of anti-PRC solidarity by south-east Asians as tea is historically consumed with milk in their region, while in mainland China it is not. The \"Milk Tea Alliance\" moniker emerged in 2020"}, {"text": "after Chinese nationalist Internet commentators criticised the Thai actor Bright for \"liking\" an image on Twitter which referred to Hong Kong as a \"country\", and called for a boycott of his TV programme. Twitter users in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the Philippines joined Thai users in what \"The Telegraph\" called \"a rare moment of regional solidarity\". Australia has also been suggested as a member of the Milk Tea Alliance, although its link to milk tea is tenuous so the baby formula product Aptamil is used instead to represent it. Following the 2020\u20132021 China\u2013India skirmishes, India has also been included in some formulations of the Alliance with masala chai being their representative variety of milk tea. Pallabi Munsi, writing in \"OZY\", described the Milk Tea Alliance as \"Asia's volunteer army rising against China's internet trolls.\""}, {"text": "The Family Planning Association of Pakistan, later renamed as Rahnuma, is a Pakistani organisation that was established in 1953. Rahnuma has developed programmes to increase access to high-quality, affordable health services. Rahnuma has advocated for a rights approach to sexual and reproductive health, for the empowerment of particular groups within communities (especially women and young girls), and for the strengthening of civil society in Pakistan. It is an affiliate of the International Planned Parenthood Federation. Major projects. Child marriage prevention. Rahnuma initiated several interventions to prevent child marriage in Pakistan through legislative reforms in the existing laws to make them more responsive and for their enhanced implementation. Family planning. The organization reaches out to young people, people with disability and most vulnerable and marginalized with family planning services. Sexual and reproductive health. Rahnuma seeks to provide sexual and reproductive health services to adolescents and young people based on their rights as opposed to simply on their needs. Poverty alleviation. It is also actively involved in poverty alleviation projects, owing to the direct connection between socio-economic conditions and health and well-being. Social franchising. The association launched its Catalytic Fund initiative in September 2013. The goal was to expand access to a"}, {"text": "range of sexual and reproductive health services among poor and under\u2011served communities through a social franchising network with mid\u2011level private providers. Social mobilizers conduct home visits and awareness sessions to familiarize the communities in coverage areas with the upgraded franchisee clinics. A report by International Planned Parenthood in 2015 stated that the franchise network saw an 11\u2011fold increase in the total number of sexual and reproductive health services provided, from about 2,000 in the first quarter to almost 24,000 in quarter five."}, {"text": "The gender gap in Pakistan refers to the differences between men and women in Pakistan in terms of social, political, and economic participation and rights. The gender gap uses the gender ratio of Pakistan to compare the disparities between men and women in different fields, which mainly disadvantage women. According to the Global Gender Gap Index 2022, Pakistan ranks second to last in terms of the Gender Gap, with only 56.4% of its gender gap closed, a 0.8 percentage point increase from 2021. By percentage, men form about 51.46% and women form about 48.54% of the total population of Pakistan. The sex ratio of Pakistan is 106.010, that means there are about 106 men for every 100 women in Pakistan. The gender gap in Pakistan includes comparisons of gender differences in health, educational, legal, economical, and political aspects. Demographic disparity. General population gap. Provisional results from the 2017 6th Population & Housing Census indicated that Pakistan had 106,449,322 men, 101,314,780 women, and 10,418 transgender people. By percentage, men form 51%, women 48.76%, and transgender people 0.24% of the total population of Pakistan. The male-female sex ratio of Pakistan is 105.07, which means there are 105 men for 100 women in"}, {"text": "Pakistan. According to 2018 estimates by the World Bank, women constitute 48.54% of the Pakistani population. Population gap by age group. By 2018 estimates, the sex ratio at birth stands at 1.05 males born for every female. It peaks at 1.08 males/female for the 25\u201354 years age group and reaches its lowest point at 0.87 males/female for the 65+ years age group. Population gap by location. There is a gender gap in the demographics of rural versus urban populations as documented by the 2017 census. There are a total of 67,300,171 males vs 64,886,593 females (ratio: 1.03) in rural areas whereas there are 39,149,151 males vs 36,428,187 females (ratio: 1.07) in urban areas. The provinces/territories with the greatest noted disparity include Balochistan (sex ratio: 1.10) and Islamabad (sex ratio: 1.11). Infanticide, sex-selective abortion & neonatal abandonment. There is a documented practice of female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, and abandonment of newborn female children in Pakistan. According to the Edhi Foundation, 1210 female babies were killed in Pakistan in 2010 while an estimated 200 pregnancies were aborted on the basis of female sex and up to 90% of babies abandoned to the care of the Edhi Foundation were female. Later reports confirmed"}, {"text": "a continuing rise in the number of female infanticides. According to Bongaarts, Pakistan has the fifth highest Sex Ratio at Last Birth (SLRB), which may indicate a high rate of sex-selective abortions. Health disparity. Childhood mortality. According to the Filmer & King, a female child in India or Pakistan has a 30-50% higher chance of dying between the first and fifth years of life. This difference may be attributable to poor nutrition, lack of preventive care and delays in seeking medical care. Healthcare utilization. In line with patterns observed across South Asia, men in Pakistan play a decision-making role in women's access to healthcare including their utilization of healthcare services in the event of an emergency. Cultural barriers also include restrictions on women's mobility when unaccompanied by men. Education. Educational disparity. With more than 22.8 million children between the ages of 5-16 not in school, Pakistan has the second highest number of children who do not receive a formal education. This lack of education for children in Pakistan, while affecting all children, is more pronounced for girls as they face higher rates of dropping out of school and being illiterate, creating a gender gap. Out of 146 countries, Pakistan ranks"}, {"text": "135 in regard to the gender gap in educational attainment. Only 45.8% of the female population is literate compared to 69.5% of the male population, according to 2015 estimates. Additionally, 59% of girls, compared to 49% of boys, no longer go to school by the time they reach the sixth grade. The school life expectancy (number of years of education from primary to tertiary) of female children is 8 years versus 9 years for male children. According to 2018 data from UNESCO, the net enrollment in primary education is 61.61% for female children whereas it is 73.37% for male children. While the country of Pakistan has low educational numbers, the gender gap present in education also differs by location, as certain areas hold higher differences in educational attainment and enrollment between girls and boys than others. In rural areas, which compromise about 68% of the population of the country, the number of boys enrolled is about 1.5 times more than the number of enrolled girls, with 11.5 million boys and 7.6 million girls. In urban areas, the number of students enrolled is significantly less with the number of boys enrolled being 1.1 times bigger than the number of girls, with"}, {"text": "7.5 million boys in school and 6.5 million girls. In areas with poor school enrollment such as Balochistan, a majority of women never attended school, approximately 70%, while less than half, 40%, of men never enrolled. Reasons for Educational Gender Inequality. There are multiple factors that contribute to the large gender gap in educational attainment in Pakistan. Poverty is a prominent issue in Pakistan, with 3 million more people expected to live in poverty since 2018, with about 22% of the population living below the poverty line. As a result of the poverty issue in Pakistan, many parents, especially in rural areas where poverty is more prominent, could not afford to send their child to school as primary education was not free. However, in an attempt to increase educational enrollment the government made education free and compulsory from ages 5 to 16. While this did increase the number of young children attending school, the costs of uniforms, transportation, as well as school supplies still proved a barrier in poor areas and the government did not enforce the compulsory aspect of primary education. Additionally, the government has a low education budget, only spending around 2% of its total GDP. Due to"}, {"text": "this low investment in education, there is often a shortage of government schools and thus limited access to education. Furthermore, as a result of this shortage, many schools have too many children and this can disincentivize parents from sending their children to school. Therefore, many poor families do not, or can not, send their children, particularly daughters, to get educated as they do not have the means to do so. This lack of enrollment in education, while affecting both boys and girls has a more prominent effect on young girls due to social culture and social norms. Pakistan is a patriarchal country where many traditional social norms and standards exist. As a result of this, many women are often seen and taught to be in charge of the private sphere as men are expected to carry out functions of the public sphere. Since education is primarily seen as a way to get a good job and have a steady income, many families and parents do not find this applicable to their daughters as most women in Pakistan do not hold a paying job and are responsible for taking care of the family. Additionally, the opportunity cost of sending their daughters"}, {"text": "to school can also be a barrier to education for girls. Often in Pakistani society, most of the housework is done by the women in the family, including the daughters. Thus, sending their daughter to school can take away from many families' housework efficiency. Economic disparity. Economic participation. In terms of economic participation and opportunity, Pakistan has a 66.9% gender gap, meaning men have 66.9% higher economic participation and opportunity in Pakistan. The labor force in Pakistan is highly gendered, with women making up about 22.63 percent of it while men make up the other 84.79 percent. While there is a large gap in the gender makeup of the labor force, there has been Between 1974-1975 only 1.3 million women were in the labor force compared to 17.9 million men but in 2012-2013 there were 13.3 million women in the labor force in comparison to 45.7 million men. However, Pakistan still ranks low in terms of gender equality in the labor force globally. One factor that affects employment is marriage, as 60% of not working women are married while only 17% of not working men are married. Thus, marital status also affects the gender gap in the workforce as more"}, {"text": "married women do not pursue a paying career. The areas in which male and female employees are designated to and work in also differs, as the majority of working women are in agriculture, followed by craft services and then unskilled workers. Very few women are in the professional jobs, which are mainly male dominated. Professional and managerial participation of women remained low, with women comprising only 7.4% of STEM professionals working in the field. Women employed in the formal sector also worked excessive hours versus men, and women with 10 years of education or more were noted as having high rates of underemployment or unemployment. Childcare labor was intentionally excluded from this study. Access to physical and financial capital significantly lags behind men, with only 5% of women above the age of 15 having bank accounts versus 21% of men according to Additionally, only 2% of women had received a loan from a financial institution, 2% owned land, and 7.4% women had joint ownership of a house. Wage gap. Pakistan has the highest wage gap in the world, according to the International Labor Organization; women in Pakistan earn 34% less than men on average. Women in Pakistan make significantly less"}, {"text": "than their male counterparts, earning 16.3 per cent of their income. This makes the monthly income of Pakistani women about 15-20 USD. The Global Wage Report 2018/2019 also found women in Pakistan constitute 90% of the bottom 1% of wage earners in the country. Reasons/Consequences of Economic Gender Gap. Since Pakistan has many traditional societies, many women in Pakistan perform unpaid labor in the form of housework and childcare. As these tasks are usually designated to women due to gender stereotypes, many women do not have the time to perform paid jobs in addition to household work. However, these household jobs do not come with an income and therefore, 47% of women are unpaid family workers. Thus, the gendered stereotypes not only limit women's economic participation but also their own economic means and opportunities in the form of money. Additionally, while women do not have the same income levels as men from the wage gap and gender stereotypes, the educational gender gap also disadvantages women as education and employment are positively correlated. Furthermore, for women who hold jobs without a formal education, they are likely to earn 3.5 times less than someone working with a graduate degree, or 2 times"}, {"text": "less than someone with a primary education. Thus, the economic gender gap and educational are intertwined, creating a cycle where poor women do not receive a formal education and this then keeps them stuck in poverty. Legal disparity. Requirements for testimony. Article 25 of the Constitution of Pakistan prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex. However, under Article 17 of the Qanun-e-Shahdat (1984), women's witness is discounted to half of a man's witness. Right to divorce. Muslim women in Pakistan have the right to obtain a \"khula\", in which case they may forfeit their dower, but do not have the right to divorce unless it is delegated to them by the husband at the time of signing the marriage contract. There is no such limitation on men's right to divorce. Political disparity. Voting. Women in Pakistan did not have access to voting rights for centuries but gained this right in 1956. However, local bans have existed in parts of the country and have prevented women from voting; in addition, technical prerequisites such as CNIC registration for voting have had unintended effects of disenfranchising female voters in areas where male family members do not approve of female relatives obtaining CNICs. A"}, {"text": "CNIC is a national identity card in Pakistan that can be issued after a person turns 18. The CNIC is a computerized version of the card and is required for anyone who wants to vote in Pakistan. The CNIC includes basic information such as the citizen's name, photograph, thumbprint, age, and father's (or husband's) name for women. While the CNIC is available to both men and women, getting a CNIC is more of a barrier for women as more women do not get the card because they do not have support from their family or husbands. Although the gap is closing, as in 2008 there were 31 polling stations where no woman had turned out to vote and then in the 2013 general elections, there were 13 polling stations where no woman had turned out to vote on polling day, this gap is still prominent. In the 2018 election, the gap between male and female voters was at 12.5 million. According to the Electoral Commission of Pakistan's final rolls for 2018, only 44.1% of registered voters in Pakistan were female. The gender electoral roll imbalance increased from 10.97 percent in the 2013 general elections to 12.49 percent in 2018 elections."}, {"text": "This gender gap is the largest in Balochistan province (15.65 percent), followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) (13.65), Sindh (11.02), and Punjab (11.095). Around 65% of National Assembly constituencies had a gender gap of more than 10%- particularly in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Due to the gender gap in CNIC registration, it is estimated that it will take about 18 years to rectify this gap and have equal voting numbers between men and women. Representation in government. Pakistan's political representation is mainly men, with few women being elected to the National Assembly. In order to combat this gap, Pakistan instituted a gender quota in the form of reserved seats. The Pakistani Constitution mandates that 17% of the seats in the National Assembly be reserved for women. Between 2017-2018, women constituted 20% of the Parliament and in the National Assembly. The introduction of women into politics has also had numerous effects on the legislative behavior in Pakistani politics as in 2017-2018 when there were 20% of elected women, they introduced an average of 25 agenda items versus the average of 6 agenda items introduced by male Parliamentarians. Women lawmakers on average also attended more sittings of both the Senate and the National"}, {"text": "Assembly (64% and 67% respectively) than male colleagues did during the same period (59% and 54% respectively). Reasons for the gap. The social acknowledgement of politics as part of the public sphere, which is considered the man's responsibility has proven to be a barrier for women participating and getting elected into office. Many women find it difficult to enter public office as it is seen as a masculine area, fit for men and unfit for women. Thus, these social stigmas and social norms keep women feeling separated from politics as a whole. Additionally, the traditional culture in Pakistan usually delegates household responsibilities to women, as mentioned previously. Thus, many women find it difficult to find the time to run and are accused of neglecting their children and home in their desire for a political career. Another gap lies in the gender makeup of party leaders. In Pakistan all of the party elites and leaders are male, who would occasionally leave women candidates out of important decisions and be less likely to support a female candidate. Additionally, in Pakistan men and women are usually kept separate in certain public areas, such as there may be two voting lines, one for men"}, {"text": "and women. This ensures the protection and comfort of citizens. However, in certain government offices there are not adequate accommodations for women as there as there are not certain spaces designated for women, such as a female visiting area. Cultural disparity. Media participation. According to the Federal Union of Journalists, less than 5% of journalists in Pakistan are women. Gender equality indices. The Gender Development Index value for Pakistan is 0.750 which places it amongst the lowest in the South Asian region. Pakistan's Gender Inequality Index rank is 133 out of 160 countries, as of 2017."}, {"text": "Za sklom () is a Slovak police procedural television series created by a program director of TV JOJ \"Roland Kubina\" and produced by \"DNA Production\". Series, which is inspired by real life, debuted on 28 September 2016 and tells the story of two elite cops who eventually find themselves on the opposite side of the law. On 13 January 2017, JOJ confirmed the second season, which premiered on November 8, 2017. On 17 July 2018 it was announced that the series was renewed for the third and final season, which was inspired by the murder of reporter J\u00e1n Kuciak and his fianc\u00e9 Martina Ku\u0161n\u00edrov\u00e1. The third season premiered on 1 October 2019. The series ended on 12 November 2019. Cast and characters. The similarity of the characters to real people. Officially, the similarities of the characters to real people are purely coincidental, but viewers have noticed that some of the characters, mostly politicians, are very familiar: Production. The series for JOJ was shot by DNA Production, which in the past produced the TV series Dr. Ludsky and Dr. Dokonal\u00fd. Due to the many action and stunt scenes, the actors underwent special trainings. R\u00f3bert \u0160veda is one of the directors of"}, {"text": "the series. The series is so far the most time-consuming series of JOJ, due to filming on film cameras. Many scenes were also shot using drones. Scenes such as explosions, chases and gunfights are handled with special effects. According to Marcel Grega, general director of TV JOJ, the series is \"the best criminal in Slovakia so far\". The second season was shot in the summer of 2017. The third season was shot in the summer of 2019. Theme song. Theme song has the same title as the series itself. The song \"Za sklom\" is on the third (\"Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica\") and fourth album (\"Kam ideme\") of the Bratislava band Korben Dallas. Sanction. On 23 March 2017, the Council for Broadcasting and Retransmission imposed a fine of \u20ac5000 on JOJ for the first part of the series for the first episode of the series which was to be \"due to the content of vulgar and obscene expression and depiction of erotic aids marked as inappropriate for minors under 18\", that would mean postponing broadcast until 22:00. Broadcasting. After airing of the first episode of the second season, TV series pulled off the broadcast. They justified this by low viewership due to unattractive"}, {"text": "airtime. There have been suspicions that external political pressures are behind the TV series pulled off the broadcast, whereas the series highlights political causes, tax fraud, corruption, the linking of politicians and the mafia, or the intervention of the Minister of the Interior and the President in the investigation. JOJ refused any external interference with the broadcast. The second season returned to air on 2 May 2018."}, {"text": "Za sklom may refer to:"}, {"text": "Tivadar is a Hungarian masculine given name. It is a cognate of the English language Theodore."}, {"text": "Victor Skersis (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0441, born July 5, 1956, Moscow) \u2014 Moscow conceptualist. Artist, theoretician. Life and work. Studied at the Moscow State Polygraphic Institute (1973-1977). The institute forced him to withdraw two weeks before he was to graduate. Areas of interest include analytical conceptualism, metaconceptualism. An active member of the Moscow art scene since 1975, Skersis works independently and in co-authorship with other artists. He was a member of \"The Nest\" (with Gennady Donskoi and Mikhail Roshal'), 1975\u201379, \"SZ\" (with Vadim Zakharov), 1980\u201384, 1989\u201390, \"Cupid\" (with Yuri Albert and Andrei Filippov), \"Edelweiss\" and \u201cTsar of the Hill\u201d (Yuri Albert, Paruir Davtyan, and Andrei Filippov), and others. A participant of numerous unofficial art shows in the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s, including the 1975 nonconformist art show in the Culture Pavilion at VDNKh, Moscow; the 1977 Venice Biennale \"La nuova arte Sovietica\"; exhibits at APTART gallery, Moscow 1982-84; \u201cThe Other Art. Moscow 1956-1976,\u201d The Tret'yakov State Gallery, Moscow and The State Russian Museum, Leningrad 1990-1991; \u201c40 years of nonconformist art,\u201d The Central Exhibition Hall Manezh Moscow 2002; \u201cSots-Art. Political art in Russia,\u201d Maison Rouge, Paris, France, The Tret'yakov State Gallery, Moscow, 2007-2008; \u201cKollektsiia,\u201d Pompidou Centre, 2016; \u201cThinking"}, {"text": "Pictures: Moscow Conceptual Art,\u201d Zimmerli Art Museum, New Brunswick, 2016. Victor Skersis lives and works in Moscow and the US, where he is engaged in fundamental research into the processes of art. From 1975 to 1979 he was a member of The Nest, together with Gennady Donskoy and Mikhail Roshal. Exhibitions. 1975 1977 2018. \"Owls are not what they seem\" joint exhibition together with Tatyana Sherstyuk, Gallery 21, Moscow Contemporary Art Center Winzavod, Moscow"}, {"text": "The twelfth season of the Pakistani music television series Coke Studio Pakistan commenced airing on 11 October 2019, and concluded on 29 November 2019. The season was produced by Rohail Hyatt, after Ali Hamza and Zohaib Kazi stepped down from the role after just one season. Coca-Cola Pakistan remained as an executive producer. Artists. Musicians. Season 12 featured Coke Studio's first female house band member Abier \"Veeru\" Shan in the role multi-percussionist. Production. Following middling reviews and dwindling television rating points of subsequent seasons, Rohail Hyatt, the founder of the show, returned as the producer after 5 years. The series was produced under Rohail Hyatt's production company Frequency Media and was distributed by Coca-Cola Pakistan. Speaking at the launch of Coke Studio Season 12, Rohail Hyatt said: General Manager of Coca-Cola Pakistan, Rizwan U. Khan said, Episodes. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Copyright issues. The season faced four copyright claim issues. The video of Abrar-ul-Haq's \"Billo\" and Shuja Haider and Rachel Viccaji's \"Saiyaan\", songs from Episode 2, were taken down by YouTube due to a copyright claim. Saiyaan was later restored. Sanam Marvi's \"Hairaan Hua\" from Episode 4 was taken down by YouTube due to a copyright claim by Abida Parveen, though it"}, {"text": "was later restored. At last Ali Sethi and Qurat-ul-Ain Balouch's \"Mundiya\" was taken down by YouTube from Episode 6."}, {"text": "This is a list of all roster changes that occurred prior to the 2019\u201320 season. Player movement and other transactions. Unannounced signings. The following players have appeared either in a match or on the bench for an I-League club without being announced as signed. Released players. This list includes players who were released from their club and who have yet to sign with another I-League club or who have left the league."}, {"text": "Slavne (; ) is a village in Kalmiuske Raion (district) in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at southwest (SW) from the centre of Donetsk city. In 2020, as part of the reform of administrative districts in Ukraine, Slavne was transferred from Marinka Raion to the newly created Kalmiuske Raion. Until the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Slavne was the only locality in Kalmiuske Raion under Ukrainian government control. Demographics. The settlement had 237 inhabitants in 2001; native language distribution as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:"}, {"text": "Munizae Jahangir is a Pakistani television journalist and filmmaker who currently hosts the current affairs program \"Spotlight\" on Aaj TV. Early life and education. Jahangir was born in Pakistan to human rights activist Asma Jahangir and Tahir Jahangir. Jahangir obtained her BA degree in Political science and English from McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Additionally, she has an MA in Media studies with a concentration in film and video from New School University, New York, USA. Career. Journalism. Jahangir has reported on politics in Pakistan and has been vocal about the struggles of female journalists in Pakistan, and co-founded South-Asian Women in Media (SAWM) to address this issue. SAWM is an organization for and by female journalists that works to protect freedom of the press and promote increased presence as well as equal treatment of women in media. When interviewed by Maheen Irfan Ghani for \"Newsline Magazine\" in April 2012, Jahangir spoke openly and explicitly about her experiences with sexism in the media industry. Filmmaking. In 2003, Jahangir produced and directed a feature length documentary about the lives of four Afghan women from the 1920s to the present day, throughout the turbulent history of Afghanistan. This documentary, called \"Search for"}, {"text": "Freedom\" was selected as one out of sixteen films screened by Amnesty International at their USA film festivals. Jahangir co-produced a documentary on the street children of Lahore, which was then aired in community centres across Pakistan. Jahangir was a research assistant and camera-person in the making of a documentary about women who were victims of Acid attacks. This documentary was aired on Indus Media Group Television in Dubai, UAE. Jahangir worked with Pakistani director, Samina Peerzada, to make Peerzada's sophomore directorial project \"Shararat\" (2003). This was a romantic comedy, released in 2003, with a less-than-successful reception at the Pakistani box office. However, songs from the soundtrack composed by the film's music director Wajahat Attre were mega-hits in the country. Songs such as \"Jugnuon Sey Bhar Ley Aanchal\", performed by Ali Zafar and Shabnam Majeed, with lyrics by Aqeel Ruby. Human rights advocacy. Jahangir is on the board of Asma Jahangir Foundation, besides the AGHS Legal Aid Cell, where she provides legal aid to women, children, and marginalized communities free of charge. She is an active member of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, like her mother before her. Achievements and honours. In 2008, Jahangir was honored as a Young"}, {"text": "Global Leader by the World Economic Forum. She accepted the United Nations Human Rights Prize for 2018 on her mother's behalf, dedicating the quinquennial award to Pakistani women and their courage."}, {"text": "Jouko Innanen (29 October 1952 \u2013 1 October 2019) was a Finnish cartoonist, caricaturist and comics artist. Innanen's cartoons were published in the magazines \"Iltalehti\", \"Turun Sanomat\", \"L\u00e4nsi-Savo\", \"It\u00e4-Savo\" and \"L\u00e4nsiv\u00e4yl\u00e4\". He died in Savonlinna."}, {"text": "Lee Hoe-taek (Hangul: \uc774\ud68c\ud0dd; born August 28, 1993), better known by the mononym Hui (Hangul: \ud6c4\uc774) is a South Korean singer, songwriter and composer. He debuted as the leader of the South Korean boy group Pentagon under Cube Entertainment. He was also a member of the co-ed trio Triple H from 2017 to 2018, and is the leader of the trot boy group Super Five. Hui participates in writing and producing a majority of Pentagon's songs, most notably \"Shine\", \"Naughty Boy\", \"Daisy\", and \"Do or Not\". He produces songs for other artists as well, with some of his best-known works being Wanna One's \"Energetic\", Nation's Son's \"Never\", Produce X 101's \"Boyness\", and JO1's \"Oh-Eh-Oh\". As of May 2025, the Korea Music Copyright Association has 83 songs listed under his name. All credits are adapted from the Korea Music Copyright Association, unless stated otherwise."}, {"text": "Janusz Kondratiuk (29 September 1943 \u2013 7 October 2019) was a Polish director and writer. He was born in Kazakhstan. He died in \u0141o\u015b, aged 76."}, {"text": "Since Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, women have been active participants in parliamentary politics. Their representation remained low in the first and second Constituent Assemblies, however the amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan paved way for their increased participation in the parliament. Besides, the progressive laws helped improve their participation in legislative and executive positions over the years. Since 2002, women politicians have notable representation in the federal as well as provincial assemblies. Women as equal citizen of Pakistan are free to contest general elections and to be elected to any public office at the national, provincial and local levels without any discrimination. They have a liberty to exercise their right to vote in all elections, general or by-polls, which they could since independence and were reprised in the 1956 constitution. They can run for elections directly as well as through women\u2019s reserved quota. There is no legal compulsion on women to hold any highest public office. Pakistan has hosted women as the Prime Minister, Federal Minister, Speaker of the National Assembly, and the Leader of the Opposition, etc. Constitutional and Legislative measures regarding women's representation in Politics. The successive governments in Pakistan, and the parliamentarians have contributed to"}, {"text": "ensure women's significant representation in the legislative bodies. For this, the government undertook affirmative measures through introducing several provisions in the Constitution and laws of Pakistan. For instance, The Constitution of Pakistan of 1956 reserved 10 seats for women in the unicameral Parliament with five seats each from East and West Pakistan. The Constitution of Pakistan of 1962 reserved six seats for women in the National Assembly with three seats each from East and West Pakistan. The Constitution of the Pakistan of 1973 reserved 10 seats for women for a period of ten years from the commencing day of the Constitution or holding of the third general elections to the National Assembly, whichever occurred later. In 1985, ten (10) seats were increased to twenty (20) whereas, the reserved seats for women were increased to sixty (60) in 2002 during the era of General Pervaiz Musharraf. Various provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 affirm the state's resolve to minimize gender disparity by the elimination of discrimination on the basis of gender and encouraging participation of women in all walks of life. Article 17 (2) of the Constitution provides every citizen with the right to form or be a member of"}, {"text": "a political party. Article 34 of the Constitution emphasizes full participation of women in national life and states that \"Steps shall be taken to ensure full participation of women in all spheres of national life\". In order to implement the fundamental rights guaranteed in the constitution, substantive amendments in the constitution as well as election laws are made to ensure increased women's participation in political process. For instance, 60 seats for women are reserved in the National Assembly under Article 51 and 17 seats are reserved in the Senate of Pakistan under Article 59. While, 168 seats for the provincial assemblies i.e. Balochistan (11), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (26), Punjab (66) and Sindh (29) under Article 106 of the Constitution. Similarly, the Elections Act, 2017 directed the political parties to ensure at least five per cent representation of women candidates when fielding candidates for general seats, which is a progressive development to encourage representation of women in legislative bodies. Analysis & Statistics. There is a huge gender gap in terms of voters according to the data released by the Election Commission of Pakistan revealing that there are 64 million males (55%), 51 million females (45%) and (0.002%) transgender voters in Pakistan. According"}, {"text": "to the Inter-Parliamentary Union ranking, Pakistan ranks 100th in the list of 190 countries in terms of representation of women. Pakistan is ranked at 93 among 153 countries in women\u2019s political empowerment where 20.2% of women are legislators, whereas 12% of women are appointed at ministerial positions, according to the Global Gender Gap Report 2020. According to CSOs alternative report submitted to UN's CEDAW Committee, gender ratios of Cabinet members at the national and provincial levels are: Federal 6:36, Punjab 2:43, Sindh 2:18, while there is no representation of women in cabinets in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Women chair 2 out of 34 standing committees of the National assembly and 10 out of 50 Senate Committees. The gender ratio among Parliamentary Secretaries is 14:36. Provincial ratios of Standing Committee Chairs are: Balochistan 6:12, KP 3:31, Punjab 10:14, Sindh 2:17. According to a study on Gender Audit of Women\u2019s Political Representation in the Legislative Assemblies in the South Asian countries, Nepal has 32.7% women in the parliament, followed by Afghanistan 27.3% Bangladesh 20.6%, Pakistan 20.2%, Bhutan 14.9%, India 12.6%, Sri Lanka 5.3% and Maldives 4.7%. The highest ratio of women\u2019s representation in the National Assembly of Pakistan was around 22 percent"}, {"text": "between 2008 and 2013. However, it is around 19 percent in current legislative assemblies, and no woman has representation in the cabinets of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. Representation of Women in the National Parliament of Pakistan. History (1947 to 2018). Constituent Assembly and the National Assembly. In the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, composed of 69 members, two women Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah and Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz served from 1947 to 1954. However, there was no representation of women in the Second Constituent Assembly, which had 72 members serving from 1955 to 1958. In the 3rd National Assembly from 1962 to 1964, eight women were elected as MNAs, including six on reserved seats and two on general seats. They were Begum Shamsun Nahar Mahmood, Begum Hamida Mohammad Ali, Begum Roquyya Anwar, M.A., Begum Serajunnessa Choudhury, Zahara Aziz, Begum Mujeeb-un-nisa Mohammad Akram, Begum Khudeja G A Khan, and Begum Zari Sarfaraz. Six women politicians were elected on reserved seats as members of the 4th National Assembly from 1965 to 1969. They consisted of Begum Mariam Hashimuddin Ahmed, Begum Razia Faiz, Begum Dolly Azad, Begum Mujeeb-un-nisa Mohammad Akram, Begum Khudeja Khan, S.I., T.Pk., and Begum Zari Sarfraz. In the 5th National Assembly"}, {"text": "from 1972 to 1977, six women politicians were elected on reserved seats for women. Another woman member, Mrs. Najma Andrews, was elected on a reserved seat for minorities after the death of her husband R.M. Andrews, who was the sitting member of the National Assembly. They include; Shireen Wahab Sahiba, Nargis Naim Sandhu, Begum Nasim Jahan, Begum Zahida Sultana, Dr. Mrs. Ashraf Abbasi and Jennifer Jehanzeba Qazi Musa. Ten women were elected on reserved seats, while Begum Naseem Abdul Wali Khan and Begum Naseem Wali Khan were elected on general seats as a result of the 1977 Pakistani general election. The 6th National Assembly did function from 28 March 1977 to 5 July 1977, but ultimately it had to dissolve owing to the political movement against the PPP government on the allegation of rigging in elections. Mrs. Naseem Wali Khan was the first woman to have been elected from the North-West Frontier Province. However, due to the Opposition's boycott, she never took oath as a member. In the 7th National Assembly, twenty one women (21) were elected on reserved seats whereas two women were elected on general seats as MNAs for the term from 1985 to 1988. In the 8th"}, {"text": "National Assembly for the term (1988-1990), twenty women (20) were elected on reserved seats whereas four women were elected on general seats including Mohtrama Benazir Bhutto who became the first woman Prime Minister of Pakistan. In the 9th National Assembly for the term (1990-1993), Benazir Bhutto and Begum Nusrat Bhutto were the only two women members who were elected on general seats. No woman was elected on the reserved seat due to the sunset clause in the Constitution where this provision had expired after three election cycles. Four (4) women candidates were elected on general seats to serve as members of the 10th National Assembly and served for the term from 1993 to 1996 including Benazir who became Prime minister for the second time. Six (6) women politicians were elected on general seats for the 11th National Assembly and served as MNAs for the term from 1997 to 1999. Seventy-four (74) women political representatives including thirteen on general seats, sixty on reserved women seats and one on non-Muslim seat were elected as MNAs for the 12th National Assembly that completed its five years term i.e. 2002-2007. Seventy-six (76) women candidates including sixteen on general seats and sixty on reserved seats"}, {"text": "were elected as members of the 13th National Assembly, serving for five years term from 2008 to 2013. Seventy (70) women politicians including nine on general seats, sixty on reserved women seats and one on non-Muslim seat were elected as [List of members of the 14th National Assembly of Pakistan|members of the 14th National Assembly]] that served for the complete term of five years i.e. 2013-2018. Senate of Pakistan (1973-2018). Senator Samia Usman Fatah took oath on 6 August 1973 as the only woman member in the first Senate of Pakistan who served for the term from 1973 to 1975. Senators Asifa Farooqi and Aziza Humayun were elected on general seats and they took oath on 6 August 1975 as the only two women members out of 45 in the Senate for the term (1975-1977). No woman was elected to the Senate for the term from 1985 to 1988. Senator Dr. Noor Jahan Panezai took oath on 21 March 1988 as the only woman member in the Senate of Pakistan for the term from 1988-1991. She was also elected as the first woman Deputy Chairman Senate in 1991. Dr. Noor Jahan Panezai was the only woman member elected as a"}, {"text": "Senator for the term from 1991 to 1994. Senators Fiza Junejo and Nasreen Jalil were elected as the members of the Senate for the term (1994-1997). Nasreen Jalil was the only woman member elected as a Senator for the term from 1997 to 2000. As a result of the constitutional amendment that raised the membership of the Senate from 87 to 100 in 2002, 17 women were elected on reserved seats to serve in the Senate for the term from 2003 to 2006. Twenty-one (21) women including 17 on reserved seats and 4 on general seats were elected as Senators who served for the term from 2003 to 2009. There were nineteen (19) women in the Senate including seventeen elected on reserved seats and two elected on general seats for the term from 2015 to 2018. Current representation (2018 to date). National Assembly (2018-2023). Sixty-nine (69) women out of 342 members are serving in the National Assembly of Pakistan. Of the total 69, sixty (60) women MNAs were elected on the reserved seats for women, and one (1) was elected on seats reserved for minorities, whereas eight (8) women MNAs were directly elected on general seats in the elections held"}, {"text": "in 2018. They include; Mehnaz Akber Aziz, Ghulam Bibi Bharwana, Zartaj Gul, Dr. Nafisa Shah, Shazia Marri, Dr. Fehmida Mirza, Shams un Nisa, and Zubaida Jalal Khan. Senate. Senators are elected for six year terms, half of which are elected every three years. Currently there are twenty (20) women members out of a total of 104 Senators. Of these 11 began their term in 2015 while the remaining 9 began their term in 2018. Of these women, seventeen (17) were elected on reserved seats for women, while two (2) were elected on general seats: Sherry Rehman and Khushbakht Shujaat and the remain one (1) on the seat for technocrats: Engr. Rukhsana Zuberi. Federal Cabinet. Twenty-seven (27) federal ministers are serving at the different ministries of the Government of Pakistan, out of which three (3) women hold the position of federal ministers. Dr. Shireen M. Mazari is heading the Ministry of Human Rights, Zubaida Jalal is serving as Federal Minister for Defence Production, Dr. Fehmida Mirza is heading the Inter-Provincial Coordination Division, whereas Zartaj Gul is serving as the Minister of State for Climate Change. There are thirty-six (36) parliamentary secretaries who are serving at different ministries and divisions of the"}, {"text": "government of Pakistan, out of which fourteen (14) positions are held by women. The women MNAs with their portfolios are: Rukhsana Naveed for Climate Change, Rubina Jamil for Defence Production, Wajiha Akram for Federal Education & Professional Training, Andleeb Abbas for Foreign Affairs, Tashfeen Safdar for Housing & Works, Syma Nadeem for Inter-Provincial Coordination, Sobia Kamal Khan for Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit Baltistan, Maleeka Ali Bukhari for Law and Justice, Dr. Nausheen Hamid for National Health Services, Regulations & Coordination, Ghazala Saifi for National History and Literary Heritage Division, Javaria Zafar Aheer for Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development, Kanwal Shauzab for Planning, Development and Reform, Shunila Ruth for Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony, and Aliya Hamza Malik for Textile, Commerce, Industries & Production and Board of Investment. Women heading the Committees of the Parliament. There are thirty-four (34) Standing Committees of the National Assembly, out of which only two (2) are headed by the women MNAs. Kishwar Zehra is serving as the Chairperson of the Committee on Cabinet Secretariat, whereas Munaza Hassan is the Chairperson of the Committee on Climate Change. Out of the 50 different committees of the Senate, ten (10) are presided over by women members. Of"}, {"text": "thirty (30) Standing Committees of the Senate, six (6) are headed by women. The women Senators with their portfolios are: Sitara Ayaz for Climate Change, Rahila Magsi for Federal Education, Professional Training, National History & Literary Heritage, Rubina Khalid for Information Technology and Telecommunication, Khushbakht Shujat for National Health Services Regulations and Coordination, Nuzhat Sadiq for Maritime Affairs, and Sassui Palijo for Parliamentary Affairs. Senator Ayesha Raza Farooq is the chairperson for the Other Committee on Rules of Procedure and Privileges, and Senator Rubina Khalid is serving as the Chair for the Special Committee on Child Protection, while Senator Sherry Rehman is heading two committees including a Special Committee on China Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC) and a Domestic Committee on Climate Change Caucus. Of ten (10) Parliamentary Committees, only three (3) are headed by women MNAs. Shunila Ruth is chairing the committee formed for the Appointment of Chairperson and Members of the National Commission for Human Rights, and Dr. Shireen M. Mazari is the chairperson of the committee established for the Appointment of Chief Election Commissioner and Members of the Election Commission of Pakistan, whereas Prof. Dr. Mehr Taj Roghani is serving as the Chairperson of the Committee set up"}, {"text": "for the Appointment of the Chairperson of the National Commission on the Status of Women. Women's Parliamentary Caucus. Women's Parliamentary Caucus (WPC) is a non-partisan informal forum for women parliamentarians of Pakistan. It was established on 21 November 2008 through a unanimous resolution passed by the Women Parliamentarians beyond party lines. Former Speaker National Assembly of Pakistan Dr. Fehmida Mirza is the patron in-chief of the caucus. Dr. Nafisa Shah hailing from Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians was the first Secretary of Women's Parliamentary Caucus. In 2013, after the change in the federal government, MNA Shaista Pervaiz Malik from Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz became the Secretary of Women's Parliamentary Caucus. Following the 2018 general elections, MNA Munaza Hasan from Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf became the third Secretary of the caucus. Performance of Women Parliamentarians in the Parliament of Pakistan. Women parliamentarians have demonstrated strong presence in the legislative bodies. The data relating to legislative business of both the National Assembly and the Senate show that from 2016\u20132017, percentage of women legislators' contribution to parliamentary business was remarkably high in the Lower House where nearly two thirds (62%) business was originated by women individually and 3% in collaboration with their male colleagues. In the"}, {"text": "Upper House, women sponsored 13% parliamentary business individually and 2% jointly with their male counterparts. The current level of women\u2019s representation in the national and provincial legislatures of Pakistan is amongst the top in the region. With 20 percent representation in each house of the Parliament, women parliamentarians contributed 33 percent of parliamentary business (2018\u201319). Women Parliamentarians moved 39 out of 74 private members' bills, 27 out of 100 resolutions, 51 out of 108 Calling Attention Notices, and 561 out of 1772 questions in both Houses of the Parliament in an attempt to improve livelihood of the masses. Obstacles to women's effective participation in parliament. Women parliamentarians continue to face numerous obstacles including the prevalent socio-cultural taboos in the society and the high costs of running successful election campaigns that restrict women to contest elections and dominance of familial linkages in awarding party tickets to women. The women legislators elected through indirect mode of election undermine their credibility and effectiveness as politicians. They are largely ignored in decision-making process within their political parties and during the proceedings of the legislative assemblies for lack of their own electorate or constituency like the male counterparts. The women politicians elected on reserved seats"}, {"text": "have to face hurdles in their effective and substantive participation in legislative assemblies for lack of experience of canvassing, and lack of understanding of issues, legislation or policies which result in their exclusion from powerful political domains, such as standing committees of legislative bodies and decision-making process within political parties."}, {"text": "Karishma Ali (c.1997) is a footballer and the first girl from her hometown of Chitral, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, to represent Pakistan at national and international levels. In 2016, Ali represented Pakistan at the Jubilee Games held in Dubai and was part of the first Pakistani women's team to participate in the Australian Football League International Cup in 2017. She is also the founder of Chitral Women's Sports Club. In 2019, she was listed in the Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia List, where young people are chosen for innovation and entrepreneurship. Ali walked the Milan Fashion Week in 2019 when Haitian-Italian designer Stella Jean collaborated with craftswomen from a handicraft center had Ali founded to create designs, incorporating cultural elements from Chitrali and Kalash cultures. Life. Karishma Ali generated an interest in football at an early age. She used to watch football matches with her father which captured her attention and she started falling in love with the sport. In Chitral, Karishma did not have the facilities to become a professional footballer, however, her father; a sports enthusiast, wanted her to become part of the sport. When she moved to the city at 15, she received her first professional football training. She has"}, {"text": "been professionally trained as a footballer since then. Education. Karishma Ali holds a bachelor's degree in Business and Management from the University of London. Career. In 2016, Karishma got the opportunity to represent Pakistan by becoming a part of the international football team playing for Jubilee games in Dubai. The team won a silver medal in the games. in 2017, Karishma was a part of the first women's team to represent Pakistan at the Australian Football League international. Achievements. Aside from her football career, Karishma is lauded for her social work and dedication to her people. She has founded the Chitral Women's Sports Club to uplift the position of girls in sports, particularly football The club is the first women's sports club in Chitral. She is also part of youth organizations and has been praised by organizations such as CNN and Forbes, for her philanthropic work. Chitral Women's sports club. After coming back from the Jubilee games in 2016, Ali says she was inspired to work for the underprivileged people of her hometown and she started arranging football training camps for girls schools. Initially, the week long camp was indented for 10 girls, but after a positive response, the camp"}, {"text": "catered 70 girls. The training sessions were arranged in the mountains with a few volunteers, to provide a safe place for the girls to play. The club officially began in 2018 and has since then, trained girls in Chitral. The club has since then arranged tournaments for girls and also had training sessions with professional trainers certified from FIFA. The club now has an official team of 13 girls that will represent Chitral in future tournaments. Karishma hopes to create proper football grounds in the future, for the girls of Chitral to play in a safe environment. In an interview she said: \"Ten years from now I want to see at least 10-20 more girls like myself who come back here [Chitral] after they've achieved their dream and work for the other girls that I was not able to reach out to and, slowly, I see a progressive society where men and women are working equally, where women do not have to stress about traditional customs, and be able to freely do what they can and see that I was part of all of this change.\" \"I want to see more women in leadership positions and then sit back and"}, {"text": "enjoy. This is what I wanted to fight for,\" she added. Ali is also developing an exchange program for female players with a football club in Islamabad. Chitral Women's Handicrafts center. Karishma started the Chitral Women's Handicrafts Center, which showcases the traditional clothing, jewelry and handicrafts made by the women of Chitral. Karishma's initiative was recognized by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the handicrafts were featured in Milan fashion show as well. National youth council. Karishma Ali was selected for the Prime Minister's National Youth Council ; a platform led by the Prime Minister. The council is composed of selected youth from the country who are tasked to lead and make decisions for the youth of Pakistan. CYSOM 2019, Brunei. Karishma Ali was selected for Commonwealth Youth Senior Officials Meeting in Brunei, where she represented Pakistan. The event was attended by youth leaders from Asia. The participants of the meeting discussed the various country-specific challenges and opportunities in implementing youth policies in the region. Forbes 30 under 30. Ali was featured in Forbes 30 under 30, 2019, sports and entertainment category. According to Forbes: \"Karishma Ali of Chitral, Pakistan is the first girl from her hometown to have"}, {"text": "played football at a national and international level. She has represented Pakistan at the Jubilee Games in Dubai, and her team was the first women's team from Pakistan to participate in the AFL International Cup. Ali is also the founder of the Chitral Women's Sports Club.\" Collaboration with Stella Jean. In 2019, Haitian-Italian designer Stella Jean traveled to Pakistan as part of her collection Laboratory of Nations, where the designer aimed to bridge a gap between Italy and nine of its mission destinations, one of which was Pakistan. The aim was to promote United Nations' Strategic Development Goals and empower women from rural areas. In Pakistan, Jean collaborated with Karishma Ali to create designs, using traditional embroidery from the Chitral and Kalash area. Jean also traveled to the Kalash Valley, where she met with women from the Chitral Women's Handicrafts Center, founded by Ali. Forty-six women from the center created 400 meters of embroidery, that Jean used in her collection, which was featured on \"Vogue\". At the Milan Fashion Week 2019, Ali walked the ramp in one of the designs made in the collaborative project. She later thanked the designer for paying a 'heart-felt homage to our culture by infusing"}, {"text": "the embroidery done by women of Pakistan in the northern areas as an essential part of her collection' Criticism. Karishma's achievement as a female footballer was met with much curiosity and criticism from the public. There were speculations that Karishma was not from Chitral but from some big city where she was able to achieve her milestone. In an interview, Karishma revealed the backlash she received when she made her mark as the first female footballer from Chitral. She received hatred and criticism on the social media and allegedly received threats for herself and her family to stop her from continuing as a footballer, to which Karishma said:\" I understand because I was the first female footballer from the place, so I understand why people went against me. But I wasn\u2019t expecting it to be at that level. I didn\u2019t think that I would receive so much hate, and especially when it kept going on for months and months.\" Karishma was also criticized for not acting according to the culture of the society."}, {"text": "Shazia Syed is a Pakistani businesswoman who is currently Global EVP - Beverages at Unilever. She was chairperson and CEO of the Unilever Pakistan Limited, in office from November 2015 till February 2020. Prior to that she served as chairperson of the Unilever Sri Lanka from November 2013 to October 2015. In her 30 years with the organization, she has worked across all departments and divisions of the company. Education and personal life. Shazia was born in a small village of \"Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, in Pakistan.\" Syed received a master's degree in Business Administration from Clayton State University.<ref name=\"bloomberg/profile\"></ref><ref name=\"pakistantoday/7march2017\"></ref> She is married with two children Career. Syed joined Unilever in October 1989 and began her career as a Management Trainee.<ref name=\"tribune/30sept2015\"></ref> In December 2000, she moved to Vietnam where she was appointed as Business Unit Leader for Personal Care at Unilever Vietnam. She worked there for three years until December 2003.<ref name=\"ft.lk/4nov2013\"></ref> In January 2004, she returned to Pakistan and worked as Vice President of Marketing for Home and Personal Care at Unilever Pakistan Limited before becoming Vice President of Marketing for Refreshments in 2009. In April 2009, she was appointed as an executive director of Unilever Pakistan Limited whilst serving"}, {"text": "as Director of Unilever Pakistan Foods Limited, a subsidiary of Unilever Pakistan listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. In 2009, she headed the Ice Cream Business at Unilever Pakistan for a year. She served as a Non-Executive Director of Unilever Pakistan Foods Limited from January 2010 to March 2016. She served as an executive director and Vice President of Customer Development at Unilever Pakistan Limited before becoming the first ever women Chairperson of Unilever Sri Lanka Limited in November 2013. Under Syed's leadership, Unilever Sri Lanka saw the business growth. She remained chairperson at Unilever Sri Lanka until October 2015. She became executive director at Unilever Pakistan in April 2014. In November 2015, she became chairperson and CEO at Unilever Pakistan Limited. In March 2016, Syed was given additional charge as the CEO of Unilever Pakistan Foods Limited. Now she is Global EVP Beverages at Unilever Head Offices Rotterdam. Awards and recognition. In July 2015, Sri Lanka's Women in Management awarded Syed the award for \"Best International Women Leadership\". In 2016, \"The Express Tribune\" referred to her as one of Pakistan's most recognised personalities in the corporate world. She serves as a Director of the Pakistan Business Council, a Member"}, {"text": "at the Board of Governors of the National Management Foundation, and a trustee at the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Foundation Pakistan. She was elected unopposed as vice-president of the Overseas Investors Chamber of Commerce and Industry in February 2018."}, {"text": "Kaleb Jackson (born June 11, 1996) is an American soccer player who plays as a forward for AC Syracuse Pulse. Career. College & Amateur. Jackson played four years of college soccer at Rockhurst University between 2014 and 2017. While at college, Jackson also appeared for National Premier Soccer League side AFC Ann Arbor during their 2017 season, where he scored three goals and tallied two assists. In 2018, Jackson made two appearances with Saint Louis Club Atletico during the team's inaugural season in the NPSL. Professional. On March 19, 2019, Jackson signed with USL League One side South Georgia Tormenta. In February 2020, Jackson was signed by Chattanooga FC of the National Independent Soccer Association."}, {"text": "El Filibusterismo (\"Subversion)\" is an opera in 3 acts by Felipe Padilla de Le\u00f3n with libretto by Anthony Morli. The opera was closely based on a novel by Jos\u00e9 Rizal by the same name. It is the sequel to \"Noli me Tangere\", another novel by Rizal which was also adapted as an opera by the same composer. History. The libretto by Antony Morli was the first prize winner for a libretto contest sponsored by the Musical Promotional Foundation of the Philippines held in 1966. The work was premiered on November 3, 1970, at the CCP Main Theater with the composer conducting the CCP Philharmonic Orchestra. Jovita Fuentes was the chairman and producer of the opera, Jaime V. Arsenio the stage director, and Teresita Agana-Santos the chorus director. Music. The music of \"El Fili\" had a more intense and contemporary style, compared to de Leon's \"Noli\" written about a decade and a half earlier. The composer found himself more at liberty to make the music more reflective of the novel's intentions. The romantic themes sung by Crisostomo Ibarra in \"Noli\" were reworked in \"El Fili\" to be darker and more violent sung by Simoun. Several folk songs and dances were also"}, {"text": "included in the score like the \"balitaw, kundiman,\" and the \"Kumintang\" but transformed and given in a more contemporary and modern way."}, {"text": "Marc Fontecave (born 27 September 1956) is a French chemist. An international specialist in bioinorganic chemistry, he currently teaches at the Coll\u00e8ge de France in Paris, where he heads the Laboratory of Chemistry of Biological Processes. Biography. Marc Fontecave is a graduate of the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure de l'enseignement technique (which became the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure Paris-Saclay in 2016), and holds a doctorate in science. In 2005, he was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences and in 2019 foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Since 2008\u20132009, he holds the Chair of Chemistry of Biological Processes at the Coll\u00e8ge de France. He chairs the Fondation du Coll\u00e8ge de France and is a member of the EDF scientific council. Research studies. Marc Fontecave has deepened his understanding of the structure and reactivity of the metal centres present in metalloproteins. Its research can have applications in the fields of chemistry (selective catalysts), health (anti-cancer, antioxidants), environment (bioremediation, green chemistry) and energy (hydrogen production and carbon dioxide transformation). Awards and honours. 2015: Chevalier of the L\u00e9gion d'Honneur 2011: Achille-Le-Bel Grand Prize of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Chimique de France 2010: Chevalier of the Ordre National du M\u00e9rite 2009: Sir Raman"}, {"text": "Chair of the Indian Academy of Sciences 2005: Member of the French Academy of Sciences 2005: Senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) 2004: CNRS Silver medal 1996: Policart-Lacassagne Prize of the French Academy of Sciences 1991\u20131996: Junior member of IUF. Position statements. He intervened in the public debate to encourage public reappropriation of major scientific research and simplification of the French research system; according to him, the evaluation of researchers a posteriori is the only method for taking the necessary risks in research. During the reflection on the energy transition, with his colleagues from the French Academy of Sciences, he encouraged the use of nuclear and shale gas. As the problem of storing and restoring intermittent renewable energies has not been solved, he criticizes the forced march towards energy transition. He argues that the intensification of nuclear use is a necessity to reduce CO2 emissions. On 29 December 2018, he strongly criticised L'Affaire du si\u00e8cle, a successful petition in a World Forum calling for the French State to be condemned for its failure to respect climate commitments, as \"unfair, stupid, and ineffective\". Publication. Chemistry of biological processes: an introduction, Paris, \u00c9ditions Fayard, \"Coll\u00e8ge de France\" series, 2009,"}, {"text": "60 p. (, ) Article. Ecology: \"There is no chance of a revolution happening \"2 on lemonde.fr on 3 September 2018"}, {"text": "Simon Roth is a Swiss curler. He is a ."}, {"text": "Jalila Haider (Urdu/) is a Pakistani human rights attorney and political activist from Quetta in Balochistan, Pakistan. She is known to be the first woman lawyer from Quetta's Hazara minority, and an advocate for the rights of her persecuted community. She is a member of the Awami Workers Party (AWP), leader of the Balochistan chapter of Women Democratic Front (WDF), and also an activist in the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM). She founded a non-profit organisation, \"We the Humans \u2013 Pakistan,\" which aims to empower local communities in Balochistan by strengthening opportunities for vulnerable women and children. She was named in BBC's 100 Women of 2019, and was chosen as an International Woman of Courage by the United States Department of State in March 2020. In 2022, she won the first-ever \u2018Pakistan Peace Award\u2019 for her work and contribution to bring tolerance and sustainable peace in the country. Early life and education. Jalila Haider was born on December 10, 1988, in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. She holds a master's degree in International Relations from the University of Balochistan. In 2020, Haider received a scholarship in the University of Sussex which is a public research university located in Falmer, Sussex, England. Career. Haider"}, {"text": "has been a supporter of the rights of vulnerable communities and has spoken out against human rights violations and abuses faced by them. She has campaigned against the enforced disappearances and killings of Baloch political workers and has led protests and sit-ins against the ethnic cleansing of the Hazaras. She participates and speaks against the atrocities faced by the Pashtuns and believes that their pain is similar as they are all demanding for their right to life guaranteed in the Constitution of Pakistan. Haider also addressed a meeting of the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement in Quetta in March 2018, for which she received criticism and harassment. After four separate attacks targeting the Hazara community in April 2018, Haider led a peaceful hunger strike camp outside Quetta press club, which lasted for around five days. Haider and other leaders demanded that Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff, Qamar Javed Bajwa must visit the community and take concrete steps to bring the perpetrators to justice and ensure their security. Haider and community elders had inconclusive talks with Balochistan Chief Minister Mir Abdul Quddus Bizenjo, Federal Interior Minister Ahsan Iqbal, Provincial Home Minister Mir Sarfraz Bugti. The strike ended after Qamar Javed Bajwa held meetings"}, {"text": "with the tribal elders and representatives of the community, including Hazara women, in which he ensured security and protection of the community's right to life. Following the hunger strike, on 2 May 2018, the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Mian Saqib Nisar, took suo moto notice of the killings of Hazaras. In the subsequent hearing on May 11, these targeted killings were termed as ethnic cleansing of the Hazara community and Nisar instructed all the security agencies to submit reports on the forces behind these killings. Apart from her political activism, Haider has been practicing law at the Balochistan Bar Council for years. She specializes in defending women's rights and provides free legal services to people who cannot afford legal counsel on a wide range of issues, including fair justice, extrajudicial killing, domestic violence, marriage disputes, sexual harassment, and property rights. In 2018, Haider also met Mr. Ihsan Ghani, National Coordinator, National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) in Islamabad to put forward the grievances of the Hazara women who are facing social, economic and administrative challenges as the male breadwinners of their households have been killed. Haider has also contributed to the feminist struggle in Balochistan by fighting against the norms of"}, {"text": "patriarchy and leading all major movements, including the Aurat March. Accomplishments. In 2014, she was selected as an Atlantic Council Emerging Leaders of Pakistan Fellow and was a member of the first batch of Pakistan Social Entrepreneurs by Rajeev Circle Fellows in 2015. In 2015, Haider was selected as one of \u2018News Women Power 50\u2019 list of Pakistan's most influential and powerful women. She was also a 2016 Swedish Institute Young Connectors of the Future Fellow. She was named in the BBC's 100 Women in 2019 which is a list about inspiring and influential women compiled by BBC. She was chosen as an International Woman of Courage in March 2020 by the US Secretary of State. She received Hum TV Women Leaders Award 2020, for her achievement in the past year. Threats. Haider has received criticism from her society and threats and harassment from state and non-state actors for her activism against human rights excesses. In March 2019, Haider's name was put on Pakistan's Exit Control List (ECL) after her participation in the public gatherings of Pashtun Tahafuz Movement. Sources. This article was created during \u2018WikiGap\u2019 event, in Islamabad, Pakistan on 11,12 October 2019, organized by Swedish Embassy."}, {"text": "Amorin is a surname of Galician origin. Notable people with the surname include:"}, {"text": "Dorothea Petrie Townshend Carew (8 May 1895 \u2013 3 February 1968), was an Anglo-Irish writer and the editor of a literary magazine. Biography. Born on 8 May 1895, Dorothea Petrie Townshend was the daughter of Colonel George Robert Townshend and his wife Petrie Wisdom. She was educated in Queenwood Ladies' College, Eastbourne, East Sussex and went on to study in Oxford. It was in Queenswood she met the novelist Annie Winifred Ellerman also known as Bryher. Carew appears in Bryher's novel \"Development\" as Nancy's Downwood acquaintance Eleanor. In 1935 Carew prompted Bryher to purchase the literary magazine Life and Letters To-day. Carew had hoped to become the editor but was instead offered the business manager. However she held out and worked with Robert Herring as editor. Carew worked under the name Petrie Townshend, a name she began using in school. Carew worked on the Magazine until May 1937. Carew married Major Robert John Henry Carew on 25 July 1936 and their daughter was born in 1938. Carew lived in Ballinamona Park, County Waterford, Ireland. Carew also worked as editor for Mrs Alexander Kennedy's translation of works by Paolo Mantegazza. She wrote several other books including an autobiography and a study"}, {"text": "on the education of girls in France. She was considered a pioneer in the psychological treatment of children. She died in 1968."}, {"text": "The 2019\u201320 Senior Women's T20 Trophy was the 12th edition of the women's Twenty20 cricket competition in India. It was held from 14 October to 10 November 2019. Punjab were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the league stage. Chandigarh made their debut in the tournament after the BCCI granted affiliation to the Union Territory Cricket Association. The tournament's league stage consisted of five groups, with three groups containing seven teams and two group with eight teams. The league stage ran from 14 October to 24 October. The top two teams from each group qualified for the Super League stage of the tournament, with the teams split into two further groups of five teams. Andhra and Jharkhand from Group A, Railways and Vidarbha from Group B, Karnataka and Baroda from Group C, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh from Group D, Bengal and Maharashtra from Group E qualified for the Super League stage. The Super League stage ran from 31 October to 6 November 2019. The top 2 teams from both groups, Bengal and Vidarbha from Super League Group A and Railways and Baroda from Super League Group B, progressed to the semi-finals. The semi-finals and final were held on"}, {"text": "8 and 10 November 2019 respectively. In the semi-finals, Bengal beat Baroda by 6 wickets and Railways beat Uttar Pradesh by 75 runs. Both the teams progressed unbeaten to final. In the final, Railways defeated Bengal by 8 wickets to win the tournament for the 9th time. League stage. Points table. Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E Super League Stage. Points table. Super League Group A Super League Group B"}, {"text": "Herbert Moore Pim (June 6, 1883 - May 12, 1950) was an Irish writer, activist and bohemian who changed both political and religious allegiances multiple times during his lifetime. Biography. Pim was born to the Quaker family of Robert Barclay Pim and Caroline Pim (n\u00e9e Moore). His father Robert was the secretary of the Friends Provident Insurance Company. Pim was educated at Friends School, Lisburn before being sent to England to attend public schools in Chester and Bedford. Thereafter Pim spent four years studying in Grenoble and Paris in France. Pim came to deteste English schools and became a Francophile. From the age of seventeen, Pim began circulating manuscripts of his poetry and short stories as well as developing an interest in the occult. Following the completion of his education, Pim followed his father into the insurance business. In June 1903 Pim married Amy Vincent Mollan, the daughter of a Presbyterian linen merchant. In 1908 the two had a son by the name of Terence. However, Pim was repeatedly unfaithful during the marriage and by late 1916 the relationship was over. Irish Nationalist. Pim was initially politically conservative but became liberal after he became to mingle with upper-class Belfast liberals."}, {"text": "From there though Pim began to become involved in the Irish Nationalism sweeping across the island at the time. Around 1910 Pim became involved in the United Irish League as well converted to Roman Catholicism. It was during this period that he also joined the Ancient Order of Hibernians. By 1914 Pim was a prominent organiser for the United Irish League as well as a frequent contributor to \"the Irish News\" under the pseudonym of \u2018A. Newman\u2019 (His penname signifying he had become \"a new man\" since his religious conversion). It was also in 1914 that Pim published the novel \"The Pessimist\", in which the central character hopes to end suffering via the extinction of all life on Earth. Following the outbreak of World War I, Pim joined the Irish Volunteers, a move that signalled he was now openly an Irish nationalist and caused him to lose his job. He may have also joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood at this point. Regardless, Pim continued to write Irish nationalist pamphets; In 1915 he discussed the concept of a blood sacrifice in \"Why the martyrs of Manchester died\" (discussing the Manchester Martyrs of 1867) and \"The significance of Emmet\" (discussing Robert Emmet)."}, {"text": "Pim was amongst four Irish separatists arrested and imprisoned in the period July to September 1915 for \"seditious activities\". Wasting no time, Pim published \"What it is like\" about his experience in jail. From 1916 onwards, Pim was the main force behind \"The Irishman\", a political monthly magazine published out of Belfast. During the week of the Easter Rising Pim mustered with his group of Irish Volunteers in Coalisland, however, they like most other Volunteers outside of Dublin would likely have received orders from Eoin MacNeill to \"stand down\", and would not have been directly involved in the rising. Despite this, he was still arrested in the aftermath of the rising and sent to Reading Gaol in England. He was released in September 1916 and resumed his political activities, even going so as to claim to now be the \"de facto\" leader of Sinn F\u00e9in. Pim was not well regarded during this brief period of leadership within Sinn F\u00e9in; Arthur Griffith wrote to a friend regarding Pim during this time: \"My well-meaning but feather-headed friend Herbert Pim seems to be muddling up Sinn F\u00e9in a bit. However we must trust in God to take him in hand and show him"}, {"text": "how to unmuddle it\". Following the release of other Sinn F\u00e9in prisoners in December 1916, Pim quickly found himself politically marginalised and in no position to claim authority over the party. For the next two years, Pim continued to write with politics in mind; he continued to work on the now weekly \"The Irishman\". It was on the Irishman that Pim combined with Forrest Reid and Lord Alfred Douglas to combine pro-Sinn F\u00e9in propaganda with campaigns against sexual immorality. Pim's stance against \"unclean literature\" earned him the praise of Cardinal Michael Logue. By early 1918 Pim's health was breaking down and the Dublin branch of Sinn F\u00e9in decided to take over the running of \"The Irishman\". This apparently did not sit well with Pim, who resigned from Sinn F\u00e9in in June 1918 alongside his mistress Dorothy Hungerford. British Unionist. Pim's break from Sinn F\u00e9in resulted in a complete political about-face. Pim began advocating for Irish conscription during the Irish Conscription crisis of 1918, in which almost the entire population stood against it and despite the fact that he himself had stood against it in 1915. In 1919 he published \"Unconquerable Ulster\", in which he claimed that Ulster unionists were of"}, {"text": "Gaelic descent while nationalists emerged from a pre-Celtic slave race. Pim began to offer his services to Ulster Unionists, but they turned him down, and so Pim departed for London. Pim continued to work with Lord Alfred Douglas. Douglas had a new weekly entitled \"Plain English\" with himself as editor and Pim as assistant Editor. \"Plain English\" was described as \"die-hard, anti-Sinn F\u00e9in, and anti-Semitic\". Amongst the pages of \"Plain English\" Douglas and Pim alleged there was a German plot to corrupt the British upper classes using homosexuality. Pim also used the pages of \"Plain English\" to publish \"Adventures in the land of Sinn F\u00e9in\", a memoir about his time in Sinn F\u00e9in which he used to self-aggrandise. In 1920 Pim joined the far-right and anti-Semitic group \"The Britons\", which academics have pointed to as a forerunner of British fascism. In 1921 Douglas and Pim created a new journal that acted as a successor to \"Plain English\", this one entitled \"Plain Speech\". In one edition of \"Plain Speech\", Douglas and Pim made the accusation that Winston Churchill had manipulated war news to benefit Jewish conspirators. In response Churchill successfully sued Pim for libel, resulting in Pim's imprisonment for six months"}, {"text": "in 1923. France and Italy. Following his release from prison, Pim eventually made his way to France, where he would later obtain citizenship and marry Frenchwoman Germaine Eleanor Dussotour, with whom he had one daughter, Fran\u00e7oise, in 1930. In 1927 he had published the novel \"French love\", which reimagined his own life as he would have liked it to have gone. The novel sees Pim portrayed as a gallant, devout Catholic and Ulster Unionist who spies on Germany during World War 1, while it casts his former wife Amy Mollan as a corrupt and degenerate pervert. The book would be banned in Ireland. Thereafter Pim continued to produce poems and pamphlets (produced by a friend of Douglas, W. H. Sorley Brown) featuring extreme right-wing views. During the 1930s he relocated to Italy, where he dabbled in Italian Fascism. Final Years. By 1937 Pim relocated once again, this time to England in order to be close to his friend Lord Alfred Douglas in Sussex, England. It was there Pim died in 1950, aged 67. Aodh de Bl\u00e1cam, a fellow contributor to \"the Irishman\" and someone else whose politics swung extremely far to the right, was one of the few to commemorate"}, {"text": "Pim after his death, which in turn led to many letters to the editor criticise him for that. Cathal O'Shannon wrote an obituary for Pim in the \"Irish Times\" which summarised Pim as an \"eccentric, buffoonish curiosity\". Irish historian Michael Laffan recalled Pim's brief grasp of Sinn F\u00e9in leadership as \"reflecting the vacuum or lack of talent available to radical nationalists\" in that moment. Bibliography. A selection of his biography follows, some titles were written under the pen name A. Newman following his conversion to Catholicism:"}, {"text": "Kobe Emilio Perez (born April 10, 1997) is an American professional soccer player who currently plays as a midfielder for South Georgia Tormenta in USL League One. Career. High school. Perez played three years for the Dalton High Catamounts. The Catamounts went 64-0-1 in 65 games, outscoring their opponents 367\u201331 in the process and winning three consecutive state titles. College & amateur. Following high school, Perez played four years of collegiate soccer at Mercer University. As a creative attacking midfielder, he made 60 appearances for the Bears, aiding Mercer in back-to-back NCAA Tournament appearances in 2016 & 2017, and securing a Southern Conference championship in 2018. Following college, Perez made his summer league debut for USL League Two side South Georgia Tormenta 2. Perez was instrumental during Tormenta 2's inaugural season. T2 trounced USL League One professional side Chattanooga Red Wolves in the U.S. Open Cup 3\u20130, then captured the League Two Southern Conference Championship, and advanced to the USL 2 National Semifinals. Professional. On August 1, 2019, Perez signed a two-month summer contract with USL League One side South Georgia Tormenta. On January 14, 2020, Perez was signed by USL League One expansion side Union Omaha. On August 7,"}, {"text": "2020, Perez left Union Omaha by mutual agreement with the club. Perez re-joined USL League One side South Georgia Tormenta on January 12, 2021."}, {"text": "Bang the Drum is an Australian pop rock band formed in Sydney. Two of their singles reached the top 50 on the Australian Singles chart. Background. Formed in 1980 Tasmanian rock band Shifters consisted of Steve Driver (vocals), Jim Reece (guitar, vocals), Geoff Robson (bass, vocals) and Freddy Spiteri (drummer). The band split their time between touring heavily in Tasmania and playing in Sydney before breaking up in 1985. The band put out two singles, \"Holdin' Out\"/\"Public Man\" and \"Sunday Night Blues\"/\"Desperate Life\", in the early 80s. Bang the Drum. Driver, Reece and Robson stayed in Sydney and formed Bang the Drum. Completing the band was J. J. Harris (ex Divinyls) and Jeremy Cole. The band released one selftitled album in 1990 and toured nationally in support of Fleetwood Mac."}, {"text": "Jeffrey Ezra Hoffstein (born September 28, 1953 in New York City) is an American mathematician, specializing in number theory, automorphic forms, and cryptography. Education and career. Hoffstein graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1974 from Cornell University. He received his Ph.D. in 1978 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with thesis \"Class numbers of totally complex quadratic extensions of totally real fields\" under the supervision of Harold Stark. Hoffstein was a postdoc at the Institute for Advanced Study and then at the University of Cambridge. From 1980 to 1982 he was an assistant professor at Brown University. From 1982 he was an assistant professor and then an associate professor at the University of Rochester. Since 1989 he is a full professor at Brown University and he was the chair of the mathematics department from 2009 to 2013 and again from 2019 to 2024. His research uses analytic and algebraic methods to investigate L-series of automorphic forms over GL(n) and number fields. With co-workers he has developed new techniques for Dirichlet series in several complex variables. He was several times a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study (1978/79, 1985, 1986/87). At MSRI, in the academic year 1994/95 he initiated seminars"}, {"text": "on automorphic functions. In 1984 he was a Fulbright Fellow. He was a visiting professor at the University of Texas at Austin in the spring of 1984 and at the University of G\u00f6ttingen in the fall of 1986. He became a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society in the class of 2019. In 1996, Hoffstein, along with Jill Pipher, Joseph Silverman, and Daniel Liemann (Hoffstein's former doctoral student), founded NTRU Cryptosystems, Inc. to market their cryptographic algorithms, NTRUEncrypt and NTRUSign. NTRU Cryptosystems was acquired by Security Innovation in 2009."}, {"text": "Anke Lutz (born 21 March 1970), n\u00e9e Koglin, is a German chess Woman International Master (WIM) (1995), German Chess Women's Championship winner (1991). Biography. In 1991, Anke Lutz won German Chess Women's Championship in Beverungen, in 1993 and 2001 she took second place in this tournament. In 1995, she received the title of Woman International Master (WIM). In 2000, in Bad W\u00f6rishofen chess tournament \"16. International Open\" she fulfill the norm of Woman Grandmaster (WGM). Anke Lutz played for Germany in the Women's Chess Olympiads: Anke Lutz played for Germany in the European Team Chess Championship: Anke Lutz won the 16th German Women's Correspondence Chess Championship in 1991/94. In the final of the 1st European Women's Championship 1987/99 she finished the shared 3rd place. Private life. Anke Lutz studied computer science in Cologne, where she now lives. Since the summer of 2006 she is married to the German chess Grandmaster (GM) Christopher Lutz. The couple has two daughters."}, {"text": "Travis Bickle is the antihero protagonist of the 1976 film \"Taxi Driver\" directed by Martin Scorsese. The character was created by the film's screenwriter Paul Schrader. He is portrayed by Robert De Niro, who received an Oscar nomination for his performance. Biography. Travis Bickle is a 26-year-old living in New York City. When applying for a job as a taxi driver, he says he is a former U.S. Marine who served in the Vietnam War and was given an honorable discharge in May 1973, and has had \"some\" education. With few friends, and suffering from depression, loneliness, existential crises, and severe and chronic insomnia, he takes a job as a graveyard shift cab driver to occupy his time, working grueling 12\u201314 hour shifts 6\u20137 days a week. Working late at night in dangerous neighborhoods, his customers tend to include pimps and drug addicts. He is visibly angered by them, and begins fantasizing about \"cleansing\" such \"filth\" from the streets. Bickle becomes attracted to a woman, Betsy (Cybill Shepherd), who works in the local campaign office of presidential candidate and United States Senator Charles Palantine. Bickle often spies on Betsy from his cab, and finally enters the office to ask her"}, {"text": "out. They meet for coffee, and Betsy finds him strange but charming, and agrees to see him again. He then takes her to a porn theater he frequents, which disgusts her and makes her refuse to see him again. After Betsy rejects him, Bickle becomes increasingly paranoid and starts acting out his fantasies. He buys several guns and takes to carrying them secreted about his person \u2013 taped to his limbs, for example, or in hidden spring-loaded holsters. He begins a physical training regimen which consists of doing 50 pushups and 50 pullups every morning and practices an intimidating, thuggish presence in the mirror to use on whoever challenges him. Eventually, he shaves his head into a Mohawk. He attends one of Palantine's speeches, apparently intent on shooting him. However, he attracts the notice of Secret Service agents and flees. He later becomes obsessed with protecting Iris Steensma (Jodie Foster), a 12-year-old prostitute he has seen on his route. He pays her pimp, Matthew \"Sport\" Higgins (Harvey Keitel), for her time, but is not interested in having sex with her; instead, he tries to persuade her to leave prostitution and return home. Iris rebuffs him, only increasing his anger and"}, {"text": "resolve to take her away from a perilous life. He confronts Sport and shoots him in the stomach, leaving him to die on the street. He then goes on a rampage through a brothel with his concealed weapons while Iris is servicing a client. Bickle shoots the approaching bouncer's hand off as soon as he walks in, but he in turn is shot in the neck from behind by a dying Sport. Bickle begins to advance only to have the wounded bouncer attack him while going up the stairs. Iris' client, a Mafioso, overhears the previous gunshots; he sneaks up behind the distracted Bickle and shoots him in the arm. Bickle kills the mafioso and the bouncer, and then turns the gun on himself, but finds that he is out of ammunition. Severely injured, Bickle collapses on Iris' couch as she is seen crying. When the police arrive, Bickle stares at them and smiles, pointing his bloodied finger like a gun at his head. The newspapers hail Bickle as a hero for rescuing Iris. While in hospital, he receives a letter from her parents, thanking him for returning their daughter to them; she had been sent home after the police"}, {"text": "arrived and found out she was a runaway. After recovering he sees Betsy, who tells him that she read about him in the news; when she gets out of the cab and asks him how much the ride costs, he smiles and drives away. Critical response and analysis. \"Taxi Driver\", \"American Gigolo\", \"Light Sleeper\", and \"The Walker\" make up a series referred to variously as the \"Man in a Room\" or \"Night Worker\" movies. Screenwriter Paul Schrader (who directed the other three films) has stated that he considers the central characters of the four films to be one character, who has changed as he has gotten older. De Niro received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance as Bickle. In the American Film Institute's AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains, Bickle was named the 30th greatest film villain of all time. \"Empire\" magazine also ranked him 18th in their \"The 100 Greatest Movie Characters\" poll. \"Premiere\" ranked De Niro's performance as the 42nd best in cinematic history. Cultural influence. You talkin' to me? The character has often been referenced in popular culture due to his famous \"You talkin' to me?\" monologue. The scene was listed"}, {"text": "by IGN as the 4th best moment in film history when counting their top 100. Bickle sinisterly utters the line while he stands in front of the mirror, clad in a USMC jacket, threatening his unseen foes with the gun up his sleeve. The line has been parodied multiple times throughout film history, including by De Niro himself in the film \"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle\". The line can also sometimes be heard in the famous game Grand Theft Auto III when the player tries to steal a taxi by forcing the driver out. John Hinckley Jr.. On March 30, 1981, John Hinckley Jr. attempted to assassinate United States president Ronald Reagan in an attempt to impress the actress Jodie Foster, who played Iris in \"Taxi Driver\". Hinckley's inspirations for his assassination attempt were directly linked to Travis Bickle's attempted assassination of Charles Palantine in the film, with Hinckley even fashioning his appearance to resemble Bickle's mohawk and army jacket. Ironically, Bickle's character was inspired by Arthur Bremer, who attempted to assassinate presidential candidate George Wallace on May 15, 1972. Upon hearing of Hinckley's assassination attempt, \"Taxi Driver\" director Martin Scorsese considered quitting the film industry. Contemporary art. Several"}, {"text": "contemporary artists have directly referenced and appropriated Travis Bickle and \"Taxi Driver\" in their artwork. These include Douglas Gordon in his video installation \"'Through a looking glass (1999), which features the well-known scene in which Bickle asks, \"You talkin' to me?\" while gazing into a mirror. In Gordon's piece, the scene is projected onto large dual screens placed on opposite walls of a gallery space and plays on a continual loop. This artwork can be seen in the collection of the Guggenheim Museum, New York. The art duo Beagles & Ramsay created an artwork titled We Are The People \u2013 Suck On This\"' (ICA, London 2000), which featured a video based on re-staged, downbeat version of Taxi Driver. Ramsay was dressed and styled to appear like Travis Bickle, complete with mohawk, and handed a petition into the British Prime Minister Tony Blair at 10 Downing Street. This artwork can be seen in the Glasgow Museums Collection and includes the petition which reads \"We Are The People \u2013 Suck On This,\" which is signed only by the two artists. \"Joker\". Todd Phillips' 2019 film \"Joker\" pays tribute to Travis Bickle and \"Taxi Driver\" through the character of Arthur Fleck (played by"}, {"text": "Joaquin Phoenix). The character's descent into madness and chaos was seen as reminiscent of Bickle, leaving many critics and audiences to speculate whether the character was an homage to Bickle or simply the use of familiar storylines. The film further references the character by having Robert De Niro play the character of Murray Franklin, a talk-show host pivotal in Arthur Fleck's descent into madness and subsequent transformation into The Joker. De Niro's casting was also a reference to another collaboration between him and Scorsese with their 1983 film \"The King of Comedy\" and his character Rupert Pupkin. The film includes a visual reference to Bickle miming shooting himself in the head in a scene in an elevator between Arthur and his neighbour, Sophie (Zazie Beetz). Sophie mentions how much she hates living in the apartment block and mimes shooting herself in the head, which Arthur does as well. Music. The Clash song \"Red Angel Dragnet\" on the 1982 album \"Combat Rock\" references Travis Bickle and directly quotes or paraphrases some of his lines from the movie. Punk rock band Rancid recorded a song called \"Travis Bickle\", which was released on their 2003 studio album \"Indestructible\". Metalcore band Emmure also recorded"}, {"text": "a song called \"Travis Bickle\", which was released on their 2007 studio album \"Goodbye to the Gallows\". Hip-Hop artist Prime Minister Pete Nice mentions Travis Bickle in a lyric of the song \"Blowin' Smoke\" on the \"Dust to Dust\" album. Alternative musician Rusty Cage* recreated scenes as Travis Bickle in the music video for the 2018 song \"The Grave\". Other. In the season 4 episode of \"Oz\" titled \"A Town without Pity\", Clayton Hughes dresses in the look of Bickle, complete with the haircut and tries to kill Governor James Devlin. In the 1990 film Look Who's Talking Too, John Travolta's character refers to another as \"Travis Bickle\" during an argument with Kirstie Alley. The limo driver character in the 2003 Comedy Central film \"Windy City Heat\" is named Travis Bickle. Travis Bickle made a cameo appearance during the third issue of the 2012 comic book \"\", written by Brian Azzarello and illustrated by Lee Bermejo. Bickle's \"finger gun\" was also referenced in of FX horror television series \"American Horror Story\" in the scene where the police attempt to arrest Tate Langdon after he commits a mass shooting. Tate mimes the finger gun to his head, resulting in the police"}, {"text": "opening fire, killing him. Natasha Lyonne's \"Russian Doll\" references Bickle in season 2, episode 1, at the 7:36 mark, with her character Nadia Vulvokov speaking the line, \"Hey, Travis Bickle, what year do you think it is, man?\" One of the \"Elite Bundle\" skin sets in \"Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Siege\" partially references Travis Bickle's signature mohawk and sunglasses."}, {"text": "Hazara Restaurant was a restaurant in Hazara Town situated in the outskirts of Quetta, in Balochistan, Pakistan. It was founded in 2017 by Hamida Ali Hazara, who is also the founder of Hurmatty Niswa Foundation, a non-profit organization geared towards helping Hazara women. The restaurant was closed in 2018. Background. Hazara opened her restaurant in order to provide local women with a meeting place, and to offer employment to women from the Hazara minority group, which has faced widespread persecution. Although the focus was on offering a space for women, men were allowed to dine there in the evenings."}, {"text": "John Baptist Sequeira (23 June 1930 \u2013 9 October 2019) was an Indian Roman Catholic bishop. Sequeira was born in India and was ordained to the priesthood in 1958. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chikmagalur, India, from 1987 to 2006. In 1998 he won the Sahitya Akademi Award for his Konkani-language poetry \"Ashim Asim Lharan\"."}, {"text": "Christof Nel (7 April 1944 \u2013 6 August 2024) was a German theatre and opera director. He began his career as an actor but moved on to direct opera productions at major opera houses. Plays that he directed were invited to the Berliner Theatertreffen, such as the world premiere of Thomas Brasch's \"Rotter\" in 1978 and Thomas Bernhard's \"Alte Meister\" in 1998. Nel directed the world premiere of Rolf Riehm's \"Das Schweigen der Sirenen\" at the Staatstheater Stuttgart in 1994. His works at Oper Frankfurt included Puccini's \"Madama Butterfly\" in 2001, Wagner's \"Tristan und Isolde\" in 2003 and the first production in German of Aulis Sallinen's \"Kullervo\" in 2011. He taught at the Akademie f\u00fcr Darstellende Kunst Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg from 2011 to 2022. Life and career. Nel was born in Stuttgart on 7 April 1944; his father was a violist and his mother a singer. He studied art history and theatre in Munich. He began his theatre career as an actor, engaged at the by Peter Stein. Nel began directing in the 1970s. His first plays were produced at the Theater K\u00f6ln, including the first performance in Germany of \"Occupations\" (\"Roter Sonntag in Turin\") by Trevor Griffiths in 1973. He was"}, {"text": "successful in productions for the Schauspiel Frankfurt with Peter Palitzsch. Nel collaborated in interdisciplinary and experimental work with Heiner Goebbels and William Forsythe at the Frankfurt. Several of the plays he directed were invited to the Berliner Theatertreffen, such as the world premiere of Thomas Brasch's \"Rotter\" in a Frankfurt production in 1978, his production of \"Antigone\" by Sophocles/H\u00f6lderlin in 1979, and Thomas Bernhard's \"Alte Meister\" at Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg in 1998. Nel directed also in Berlin, at Theater Bochum and Theater Basel. From the 1980s, Nel staged music theatre, among others at the Oper Frankfurt, where he directed Weber's \"Der Freisch\u00fctz\" in 1983, Verdi's \"Falstaff\" and Smetana's \"Die verkaufte Braut\" both in 1985, and Wagner's \"Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg\" in 1993. He directed there \"Salome\" by Richard Strauss in 1999, Puccini's \"Madama Butterfly\" in 2001, Wagner's \"Tristan und Isolde\" in 2003 and \"Parsifal\" in 2006. He staged \"Die Frau ohne Schatten\" by Richard Strauss, and the first production in German of Aulis Sallinen's \"Kullervo\" in 2011. Nel directed world premieres, of Rolf Riehm's \"Das Schweigen der Sirenen\" at the Staatstheater Stuttgart in 1994, and of Mauricio Kagel's \"TheaterKonzert\" at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein in Duisburg, as part"}, {"text": "of the 2003 Ruhrtriennale. Nel returned to Schauspiel Frankfurt in 2005 with a production of \"Bakchen\" by Euripides, collaborating with his wife, the psychologist Martina Jochem. He directed, often with her assistance, Offenbach's \"Hoffmanns Erz\u00e4hlungen\" at the Nationaltheater Mannheim, Verdi's \"Don Carlo\" at the Staatsoper Hannover, \"Elektra\" by Strauss at the Grand Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de Gen\u00e8ve, Verdi's \"Aida\" at the Bavarian State Opera, and Schoenberg's \"Moses und Aron\" at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein. Nel taught at the Akademie f\u00fcr Darstellende Kunst Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg from 2011 to 2022, from 2012 to 2014 heading the department of direction. He taught as a guest in Essen and Hamburg, among others. Nel died on 6 August 2024, at the age of 80."}, {"text": "The 2015 season was the inaugural season of competitive association football played by Bali United Football Club, a professional football club based in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia as a new club following the team's change of name from Putra Samarinda. Following Putra Samarinda's result from the 2014 Indonesia Super League, Bali United played their first season in the Indonesia Super League. They unable to finished the league and Piala Indonesia was cancelled because all competition this season was discontinued by PSSI on 2 May 2015 due to a ban by the sports minister on PSSI running any football competition. Transfers. Inaugural players. These were inaugural players for Bali United that signed the contract before the start of 2015 Indonesia Super League. Transfers in. These list include the players who signed the contract after 2015 Indonesia Super League start. Transfers out. These list include the players who left the club after they signed a contract."}, {"text": "Alia Amirali (Urdu: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0644\u06cc; born November 5, 1984) is a Pakistani left-wing political worker and academic working on issues of gender and political participation. She has been working as Deputy General Secretary for the Punjab National Unit of Awami Workers Party in Pakistan (2016\u20132019). She is also a lecturer in Gender Studies at Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. She is a PhD candidate at London School of Economics, Gender Studies department. Early life and education. Amirali is daughter of Pakistani activist and physicist, Pervez Hoodbhoy and Hajra Ahmed, niece of renowned philosopher and intellectual Eqbal Ahmed. Amirali was born in Islamabad and got early schooling from Khaldunia High School, Islamabad. She did her Bachelor's in Liberal Arts from Hampshire College, USA in 2006. She did M.Phil in anthropology from Quaid-i-Azam University in 2010. She is enrolled in PhD program at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Political beginning. Amirali has been attending political rallies and demonstrations since her early age. According to an interview, she said that she got involved in organizing in the local anti-war effort in 2001 during the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. She went abroad for college between 2002 and 2006, and returned to Pakistan in"}, {"text": "between during the climax of the Okara peasants\u2019 movement, which had resurfaced at the time. Ever since she has been involved in different movements like Katchi Abadi Alliance (protesting evictions of informal settlements in Islamabad). Awami Workers Party. Amirali was initially associated with a political group known as \"Peoples\u2019 Rights Movement\" which later merged with other Left parties leading to formation of a new political party in Pakistan, called Awami Workers Party. Amirali worked as an active political worker of AWP Islamabad-Rawalpindi unit and served as deputy general secretary of Punjab AWP. Women's political organizer. Amirali mostly worked with the women among student, peasant or the slum dweller communities and tried to give political voice to their invisible existence. She has worked extensively for women's participation in politics. Women Democratic Front. Amirali is a founding member of Women democratic front saying that women, regardless of whether they are elite or non elite, need to struggle in a country like Pakistan where patriarchy is so entrenched and public spaces are so male dominated. Student rights. Amirali was responsible for the upsurge in student activism after a long hiatus. National Students Federation. Amirali was also the General Secretary of National Students Federation"}, {"text": "Punjab from 2008 to 2012. NSF remained inactive and without a formal organisational presence in Pakistan between the late 1980s and when it was reactivated in the late 2000s, with Alia a major factor in the mobilisation of young people in general, and students in particular during and the anti-emergency protests of 2007. The NSF later merged with other student organisations to become the Progressive Students Federation. Conferences and seminars. She has been a speaker at multiple panels and conferences. She was a speaker at the Socialist Alliance 9th National Conference at Green Left Weekly 2013 Fighting Fund, Australia. She has also been guest speaker at IDRAC, Habib University where spoke of the different movements, as well as the lack of representation of the largest and most exploited section of labour-women. She has been working as a lecturer and researcher for a number of years. Publications. She has published \"Balochistan : a case study of Pakistan's peacemaking praxis\" in which she explored and analysed why many peace processes failed and how the state penetrated into the province of Balochistan."}, {"text": "Earl Triplett Montgomery (May 24, 1894 \u2013 October 28, 1966) was a film director, writer, and comedian who performed in silent films including as the character Hairbreadth Harry. He established the producing company Earl Montgomery Comedy Company. Joe Rock partnered with him at Vitagraph. Montgomery was born in Santa Cruz, California. He was a theater actor. Early in his film career he was a stunt man with American Film Company. As a comedy team with Joe Rock at Vitagraph Studios he appeared in numerous shorts including \"Hash and Havoc\" (1916), \"Stowaways and Strategy\" (1917), \"Farms and Fumbles\" (1918), \"Harems and Hookum\" (1919), \"Zip and Zest\" (1919), \"Vamps and Variety\" (1919), \"Rubes and Robbers\" (1919), \"Cave and Coquettes\" (1919), \"Throbs and Thrills\" (1920), \"Loafers and Lovers\" (1920), and \"Sauce and Senoritas\" (1920). In the book \"Comedy is a Man in Trouble: Slapstick in American Movies\" by Alan Dale, Joe Rock described the two-reelers he made with Earl Montgomery saying, \"We always finished our comedies with a shot of us running away from a cop, a schoolteacher, or a principal, and then running smack into them again. If we'd run away from cops, we'd run back into cops.\" Montgomery acted with the"}, {"text": "Vitagraph troupe known as \"Semon's Sea Lions\". He married Vera Reynolds but they divorced."}, {"text": "Fuad Al-Futaih (1948\u20132018) One of the pioneers of graphic art in Yemen, participated in 1978, (Graphic Exhibition of Arab artists), which was held by the Iraqi Cultural Center in London, representing Yemen. With three paintings: (fisherman) (Dodhiya) and (woman). Biography. He held several personal exhibitions in West Germany and Paris. He participated in various international exhibitions, including the International Biennale of Art, San Francisco in 1973\u20131974. He participated in the Arab Cultural Week West Germany in 1975. And in the Biennale of Ljubljana, Pennsylvania Biennale, 1976. He held many personal exhibitions in Belgium, the Netherlands, Japan, France and other countries. He participated in group exhibitions, inside and outside Yemen. Perform illustrations for a number of children's stories. Fouad Alfatih was born in the stone in 1948. He received a Diploma in Fine Arts from the Academy of Fine Arts in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Director of Fine Arts in the Ministry of Culture Sana'a. He then founded the first art gallery for a period of time. It was then closed and emptied to the administration of the National Center for the Arts until it was discontinued in 2012. He moved to Aden in recent years from 'Umrah after he divorced his German"}, {"text": "wife and married a Yemeni. He stopped painting almost since 2012, and stayed in Aden until he died in 2018."}, {"text": "Andrew Harrison (born 18 November 1970) is a British businessman, and former chairman of Carphone Warehouse. Early life. Harrison grew up in St Helens, the son of a window cleaner and factory worker father. He was educated at Rainford High School from 1981 to 1989, and earned a bachelor's degree in management studies from the University of Leeds in 1992. Career. In June 2013, Harrison replaced Roger Taylor as CEO of Carphone Warehouse, a position he held until the company's 2014 \u00a33.8 billion merger with Dixons Retail, after which he became deputy CEO of Dixons Carphone. In December 2017, it was announced that he would leave Dixons Carphone and return as chairman of Carphone Warehouse to shake up the struggling company. In April 2019, Harrison joined the board of WhoCanFixMyCar.com as chairman. Harrison was named TechRadar's Mobile Power 50 Person of the year in 2009 and 2014. Harrison is also a founding partner at Freston Road Ventures. Personal life. He is married to Tristia Harrison (n\u00e9e Clarke), CEO of TalkTalk Group since May 2017. They have two sons, and live in west London."}, {"text": "Mathias Brom\u00e9 (born 29 July 1994) is a Swedish professional ice hockey winger currently playing for Lule\u00e5 HF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). Brom\u00e9 made his Swedish Hockey League debut with Mora IK during the 2017\u201318 SHL season. Playing career. On 29 April 2020, Brom\u00e9 as an undrafted free agent, signed his first NHL contract, agreeing to a one-year, two-way contract with the Detroit Red Wings. On 18 August 2020, Brom\u00e9 agreed to return to former Swedish club \u00d6rebro HK on loan until the commencement of the delayed 2020\u201321 North American season. Brom\u00e9 notched 20 points through 23 SHL regular-season games with \u00d6rebro HK before returning to the Red Wings to attend training camp. Remaining on the roster to open the season, Brom\u00e9 made his NHL debut in a 3-0 defeat against the Carolina Hurricanes on 14 January 2021. Playing in a fourth-line role, Brom\u00e9 scored his first NHL career goal with the Red Wings on 20 February 2021, against the Florida Panthers. He was assigned briefly to American Hockey League affiliate, the Grand Rapids Griffins, before returning to finish out the season with the Red Wings, posting 2 points in 26 games. As an impending free agent, Brom\u00e9"}, {"text": "left the Red Wings to return to Europe, joining Swiss club HC Davos of the National League (NL) on a two-year deal on 17 May 2021. After completing the 2021\u201322 season with Davos, Brom\u00e9 concluded his tenure with the club and opted to return to his native Sweden, signing a six-year contract through 2028 with former club \u00d6rebro HK on 9 May 2022."}, {"text": "Founded in 2001, Alliance Against Sexual Harassment (AASHA) is an alliance of non-government organizations (NGOs) including Action Aid Pakistan, Bedari, Working Women's Support Centre, Working Women Association, Federal Women's Welfare Agency, Conscience Promoters, Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research, and Working Women Organisation. AASHA is a non-governmental organization operating in Lahore and Karachi which raises awareness regarding sexual harassment and lobbies the policymakers to take action against it. History. Dr. Fouzia Saeed, a founding member AASHA, assisted in drafting a code of conduct for the workplace, which has served as the foundation of the anti-harassment bill. AASHA first drew up the code of conduct in 2003. It was implemented for test purposes in various companies, such as Attock Refinery, McDonald's and Shell. Later, the private sector, labor unions, academia, civil society, and the government were consulted and their suggestions incorporated. The final version of the bill was presented to the government in March 2008 and approved by the cabinet in principle in November 2008. After making some changes, the cabinet formally approved it in February 2010. It was then tabled in the National Assembly in April and handed over to the law and women's development committees. The Protection Against"}, {"text": "Harassment at the Workplace Act 2009. The bill defines sexual harassment as \u201cany unwelcome sexual advance, request for sexual favours or other verbal or written communication or physical conduct of a sexual nature or sexually demeaning attitudes, causing interference with work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment or the attempt to punish the complainant for refusal to comply to such a request or to make it a condition for employment.\" Objectives. AASHA means \u201chope\u201d \u2013 a hope to root out harassment especially of women from society. It aims to raise awareness on the issue and assist the government and private sectors to create a society free of sexual harassment. AASHA's first initiative is directed towards taking active measures to mobilize and influence policymakers for providing protection to women at the workplace and ensuring a safe and healthy working environment. Recognition awards. Every year AASHA holds a ceremony in Karachi to recognize ten most gender-friendly companies. For the first three years, many companies like Johnson and Johnson, Pakistan State Oil, Avari Towers, and GEO have gotten these awards. Cultural impact. AASHA assisted and drafted a code of conduct for the workplace and it has served as the"}, {"text": "foundation of the anti-harassment bill. Due to AASHA's consistent efforts, for the first time in Pakistan, a new Law was enacted \u201cThe Protection Against Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2010\u201d. This was the first time that sexual harassment has been defined in Pakistan through a legislative instrument. Before this enactment, there was no clear definition of harassment, whether in public, or private workplaces. Section 509 of Pakistan Penal Code 1860, talked about \u201cinsulting the modesty\u201d of a woman before AASHA legally drafted the code of conduct at the workplace but there was no clear definition of \u201cmodesty\u201d. Moreover, there was no law to prohibit harassment in the workplace."}, {"text": "Donna K. Harman is an American information retrieval researcher. She is a group leader in the Retrieval Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Harman won the Tony Kent Strix award in 1999."}, {"text": "The Syrian\u2013Mount Lebanon Relief Committee () was an organization \"formed in June of 1916 under the chairmanship of Najib Maalouf and the Assistant Chairmanship of Ameen Rihani\" in the United States. Kahlil Gibran was its secretary. Its offices were at 55 Broadway, New York. It aimed at working in cooperation with the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, and raised \"some $165,815 in two and a half years from about 15,000 Syrian subscribers in America.\""}, {"text": "Roshan Ara Bokhari is a Pakistani dancer and dance choreographer. She was born in Aligarh in 1934. Bokhari's mother is Main Abdul Aziz and she inherited a love for dance and music from her family. Early life. Bokhari started her early education at Queens Mary College in Lahore. She currently lives in Karachi. She studied classical and field dancing from the classical dancers Tara Chaudhry and Rafi Anwar from the age of 11. Career. Bokhari worked for 47 years in the field of dancing and choreography, from 1965 until 2012. She was a member of the Pakistan Cultural Delegation that went to China in 1965. She also taught at the National Performing Arts Group (NPAG) along with former actress Zarin Panna and dance master Zafar Dilawar. Her students perform every year on 14 August and on International Dance Day. It has represented Pakistan in other countries and even won prizes in the United States, China, India, and Kazakhstan. They even performed to represent the sufferings of flood victims. Her contributions towards dance have been recognized by institutions such as \"Art Now Pakistan\", the National Performance Arts Group, and Lahore Grammar School. Performances. Bokhari has choreographed several thematic dances and field"}, {"text": "shows for the South Asian Federation games in 1988 and 2005. She also led a team of dancers that visited China in 1965."}, {"text": "Yelverton is a locality in Western Australia's South West region in the local government area of the City of Busselton. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 72. It was named after timber merchant Henry Yelverton, who established a timber mill there in 1856. The area was part of the Group Settlement Scheme, and a school existed there from 1934 to 1937. Yelverton National Park is in the locality."}, {"text": "The Hamburg Ladies & Gents Cup is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It is held annually in Hamburg, Germany since 2019."}, {"text": "The members of the thirteenth National Assembly of South Korea were elected on 26 April 1988. The Assembly sat from 30 May 1988 until 29 May 1992."}, {"text": "Barr Otobong Bob is a Nigerian lawyer and politician from Nsit-Ubium in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. He is the member representing Nsit-Ubium State Constituency in the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and is the youngest Law Maker in Nigeria Birth. He was born on 18 August 1992 into the family of Senator Effiong Dickson Bob who is a Nigerian Senator, as well as the prochancellor and chairman of the governing council of the University of Benin Education. He started his primary education at Mobil Pegasus Primary School, Eket in Akwa Ibom State in 1997. In 2003, he enrolled into Jephthah Secondary School, Port Harcourt in 2003 but later moved over to Greensprings School, Lagos where he completed his secondary education. He proceeded to Brooke House College, United Kingdom in 2008 and passed out in 2010 with Advanced Level Certificate. In 2011, he was admitted into the University of Buckingham, United Kingdom for a six months preliminary legal studies. In July that same year he registered at the Faculty of Law of the University of Buckingham and graduated with the Bachelor of Laws Honours degree in the Second Class Upper Division. In July 2013, he was at the Nigerian"}, {"text": "Law School and on graduation with the B. L., he was later called to the Nigerian Bar Association. He returned to the United Kingdom for a Master's Degree in Law, this time at the University of Warwick. In 2008, he was with Alex Izinyon, SAN and CO to sharpen his knowledge of the law as applicable in Nigeria. In June 2014, he was with Obla SAN and CO where he studied legal drafting, legal research and more. Again, in September 2014, he perfected the art of legal drafting at Alex Izinyon, SAN and CO. In 2015, he did the Joint Columbia Law School and Chartered Institute of Arbitrators course in international arbitration. Earlier, he had been adjudged to have performed the best in Electronic Business Law in the University of Buckingham. Work. Otobong Effiong Bob, Esq returned to Nigeria to practice law having completed the mandatory one-year National Youth Service Corps programme. On 5 October 2018, Otobong Effiong Bob, Esq was nominated by the PDP in Nsit Ubium to fly the flag of the party in the election into the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly to represent Nsit Ubium State Constituency. He polled 127 votes out of a total"}, {"text": "of 128 accredited delegates. Otobong Effiong Bob, Esq embarked on a vigorous and elaborate campaign that took him to all the 88 political units in Nsit Ubium. On 9 March 2019 that intensive campaign paid off as Otobong Effiong Bob, Esq was elected by the people of Nsit Ubium to represent them in the 7th Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly. On 28 March 2019, the youngest elected member of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly, Otobong Effiong Bob, Esq was presented with the Certificate of Return by the State Resident Electoral Commissioner. Hon Otobong Effiong Bob, Esq was inaugurated as a member of the 7th Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly on Monday 10 June 2019 setting the stage for the people of Nsit Ubium State Constituency to get quality, effective and efficient representation. Hon Otobong Effiong Bob is the Chairman of the House Committee on Rules, Business, Ethics and Privileges as well as membership of many other House committees."}, {"text": "The 2002 Stromboli tsunami was caused by a volcanic eruption in the Aeolian Islands of Sicily, located on the Tyrrhenian Sea. In May 2002, one of the island's two active volcanoes, called Stromboli, entered a new phase of explosive activity that was initially characterized by gas and ash emission from the summit craters. On 30 December 2002, the seismic network recorded two large collapses of a huge portion of the Sciara del Fuoco, which resulted in the tsunamis. The first landslide was around 13:15 and the second one around 13:23, which lasted for 5\u20137 minutes. The event caused damages on the eastern coast side of Stromboli and Panarea. These tsunamis have been considered the most violent ones to have struck Stromboli in the past 100 years. History. Significant phenomena affected Stromboli during its fifth life cycle between 13,000 and 4000 BP (Neostromboli). After the major eruptive phase ended about 7500\u20137000 years ago, the volcano was affected by massive collapses, until it had reached its maximum expansion of the north sector for a period which lasted 3000 years. These were the most recent landslides, which led to the formation of the Sciara del Fuoco, a steep slope formed by lava, lapillus,"}, {"text": "and incandescent waste, which descends from the crater of Stromboli ( above sea level) to the sea. Starting in May 2002, Stromboli was characterized by explosive activity at 100m above the summit craters. In November, the level of the lava located in the craters was very high, which resulted in an overflow in the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco, which increased Strombolian activity and caused several explosions in early December. The heights of ejecta were intense at Crater 1. Afterward, it reached above Crater 1, and the explosions left magma close to the crater's rim. At local time 18.30 () on 28 December, an unusual activity characterized by a long eruptive break occurred, causing the break of the northern wall of Crater 1, displacing the part of the Sciara del Fuoco wall. The lava flows were steep; two of them came out from the base and one from the middle of the break. It covered a unstable surface. The first flow reached the sea, which was about away, in 30 minutes. Significant volcanic activity changes did not occur, but a volcanic tremor started to increase. 12 hours later, two new gaps opened at about high, causing the start"}, {"text": "of two lava flows. In the morning of 29 December, the lava flows along the Sciara del Fuoco were no longer fueled and two horizontal cracks opened on the surface, which were the evidence of the continuous failure. On 30 December, the two gaps at 500 m and 600 m were being fueled once more, so lava flows started again. These flows went along the 28 December cracks while cutting through it. There was only ash emission, but it was not provoked by explosive activity\u2014it was caused by frictional sliding. This revealed the concept of their formation, which started from 500 m at the eastern wall of the Sciara del Fuoco and went down on the slope. 20 minutes later, new breaks opened on the west side at about 500 m, which defined the border of the upcoming landslides that formed a few hours later. The gaps were filled with a mass of rock, and probably because of the difference of the rocks in the middle resulted in the two rock's part failure that provoked two different landslides. The first part crashed into the sea at 13:14:05 and the second one at 13:22:38. These caused two tsunamis that struck Panarea"}, {"text": "Island, which is away from Stromboli. They took 6\u20137 minutes to reach it and it was visible for 10 seconds. That was the first time that a tsunami was recorded on the island. Many minor landslides and collapses occurred, resulting in 6\u20138 Hz frequency content. Causes. On 30 December 2002, a part of the Sciara del Fuoco collapsed, causing a land movement of 18 million cubic meters of material. The detachment of the wall occurred in two different phases: firstly the landslide was caused in the submerged part of the Sciara del Fuoco and later on spread to the surface. The north-west side of the island is the result of the filling by the products of volcanic activity; a depression created as a result of multiple collapses of the same side occurred, according to recent studies. The landslides that produced the waves are the result of a sequence of deep movements (up to 70 m) that involved the northeast sector of the subaerial and submarine side of the Sciara after the beginning of the volcanic eruptions, which occurred on 28 December. The complex evolution that led to the destructive landslides of 30 December 2002 was reconstructed by group of researchers"}, {"text": "from the Sapienza University of Rome, the University of Bologna, the INGV-Section of Catania, and the Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering of the CNR in a special study aimed at assessing the evolution of the stability conditions on behalf of the Civil Protection Department, following the strong changes in morphological conditions produced by the intense erosive and effusive activity of Stromboli. A decisive contribution to the analysis of the phenomena came from the work carried out in the months before the events by the members of the research group. They were involved in two projects of the National Volcanology Group in which detailed surveys of the morphology of the emerged and submerged slopes and studies on the stability of the slopes were carried out. These surveys were compared with those carried out in the days following the landslides of 30 December and integrated with the analysis of aerial photos following the landslide and with helicopter photos acquired during the sequence of the various phenomena of instability that followed the eruption. These data were used for the analysis of backward stability of the slope that gave the first clues about the triggering mechanisms. Thus, it was possible to reconstruct the"}, {"text": "dynamics of the events. This reconstruction highlighted the fundamental role of the magma intrusion on the slope during the types of volcanic eruptions, which triggered the first deep movements of the north-east sector of the Sciara slope at least one day before the destructive landslide events, and of the instability of the submarine portion of the slope, from which the subsequent landslides propagated upstream. Timing. The seismograms recorded by the seismic stations installed in Stromboli and in Panarea provide time values that fit the scientific standards and are therefore of high reliability. Equally reliable is the time read in the sea level, recorded by the tide-gauge installed in the port of Panarea. From sources recorded by the seismic stations, it is evident that the two main landslides detached at 13:15 and at 13:22\u201313:23 local time and that the tsunamis hit north Panarea around 13:20 and 13:27, arriving at the Panarea harbor between 13:19 and 13:24. Economic and cultural impact. Stromboli is an active volcano whose persistent activity is considered of mid-intensity explosive and it occurs every 10 to 20 minutes. The presence of an active volcano in the Aeolian Islands attracts many people to visit the island. Instead of discouraging"}, {"text": "tourists, the powerful activity of the volcano has attracted people to witness the spectacular volcanic explosions and has increased the economy of the island. In order to manage and balance safety with the tourism-based economy, Stromboli has come up with a safety guide for hiking trails and a handbook full of information related to the island, in order to behave in the best way during emergency situations. The greatest danger of the Stromboli eruptions is linked to the risk of tsunami and to the unpredictability of volcanic activity, which, although classified as \"low-energy\", is uninterrupted and can trigger devastating events. Aftermath. Results. On 30 December, two days after the start of the effusion phase, there was a partial collapse of one side of the volcano involved in the lava flow. The landslide event also affected submarine portions of the Sciara del Fuoco and caused a tidal wave whose maximum height was simulated around 10 m, the well-known tsunami of December 2002. The eruption lasted until the end of March, with small variations in the flow rate of lava and the positions of the eruptive mouths, with reduced or no explosive activity in the craters. Between the end of March and"}, {"text": "the beginning of April, the flow rate of the fluxes showed a significant decrease, and weak signals associated with small ash explosions observed in the crater area began to be recorded. On 5 April, at 8:12 AM (local time), a strong explosion occurred at the north-east crater. The explosion was followed by the expulsion of lava with the formation of a volcanic cloud characterized by a mushroom shape that reached a height of about 1150 m. The expelled products fell on the flanks of the volcano up to low altitude, causing fires in the vegetation. The effusive activity fed by the mouths, present in the lava field, set at an altitude of 600 m above sea level, continued accompanied by modest explosive activity at the craters, with sporadic explosive episodes of greater energy. Between June and the second half of July, there was a progressive decrease in the flow of lava and a gradual increase in explosive activity. On 21 July, the effusive activity was exhausted while the explosive activity started to involve all the craters in the summit area and had the typical characteristics of Strombolian activity with the launch of slag and lapilli. At the beginning of August,"}, {"text": "the magma was very superficial and the explosions were still low-energy. During the following months, the explosive activity resumed the typical characteristics of normal Strombolian volcanic activity. The first result which was caused by the volcano was an impressive scar which was 800 m deep, whereas on the coast the scar was over 40 m deep. Once the event occurred, the submarine morphology started to evolve quickly due to lava emission and rockfall from the subaerial slope. The development has been rapidly documented by a series of multibeam surveys. Firstly, an estimate of the rock volume involved in the submarine landslide shows that it might have been the origin of the tsunami. One of the reasons for the instability of Sciara del Fuoco is due to the submarine landslide. Damages. On the island of Stromboli, the 2002 eruption caused two tsunamis which first caused the sea to recede and then provoked two anomalous waves of 20 meters that caused major damages in the Strombolian inhabited area called Ginostra, hitting the whole village. The event also forced the Civil Protection to close the island to the tourists, until an efficient alarm system against similar phenomena had been tested. No evacuation orders"}, {"text": "have ever been issued, although most residents preferred to spend the last night of 2002 in a safer environment on the island of Lipari. The tsunami swept away boats, damaged houses situated along the coast, and injured six people, who were evacuated by helicopter and brought to two hospitals in Sicily. A tanker was seriously hit by the wave, causing oil spills. Other minor effects of the giant wave were recorded in the confining Aeolian islands, especially in Panarea. The total damage to the infrastructures of Stromboli, Panarea, and Ginostra was worth \u20ac600,000. Casualties and first aid. On 30 December 2002, a large amount of rock fell into the sea, causing an anomalous wave; because of it three people were injured and two people were transferred to hospitals in Messina. The first one resulted to have a fractured leg, the second one a fractured foot, whereas the third injured person was a German citizen who had a slight head cut. Part of the island of Stromboli was evacuated: 100 people were transferred by the Civil protection helicopters to Messina and 40 to Lipari. Two helicopters from the Air Force took part in rescue operations after the event. Since the tsunami"}, {"text": "occurred in late December, the island was not filled with tourists and the reports on the casualties state that there were no deaths. National emergency plan history. The national emergency planning activities for the Island of Stromboli started in 2003, which saw the participation and involvement of Sicily, the Prefecture \u2013 UTG of Messina and the Municipality of Lipari and which ended with the approval, in August 2015, of the \"National emergency plan for volcanic events of national importance\". The first national planning document was drawn up during the emergency events that affected the island from the end of 2002 to 2003. Risk mitigation. The emotional impact on public opinion of the tsunami of December 2002 was felt as a stimulus for the initiatives of the National Civil Protection System and local authorities to structurally improve standard safety measures and increase prevention and mitigation to deal effectively with future crises. The main initiatives, implemented during the 2003 crisis, consisted of the creation of new geophysical and geochemical volcanic detection networks and a local civil protection structure (AOC, Advanced Operations Centre), where signals from volcanic monitoring are displayed in real-time and possibly used by the staff of the Civil Protection Department"}, {"text": "(DPC) for the immediate activation of response procedures. In 2005, at the DPC in Rome, the Central Functional Volcanic Risk Centre (CFCRV) was established, where the most relevant monitoring signals of the active volcanoes are displayed in real-time and where simple processing activities are carried out daily, for risk assessment and data sharing within the scientific community, coordinated by civil protection personnel with training in volcanic problems. The response-effectiveness of the new system was tested in the months of February\u2013March 2007, when a new volcanic crisis occurred. During this crisis, the DPC coordinated information activities with the media and islanders. The effective management of the crisis consisted of minimizing the risk to people and, at the same time, facilitating normal activities and regular access to the island. Hotel owners and other touristic facilities were given leaflets and further information which has been spread among tourists to increase awareness. Most of the inhabitants thought that giving this information to the visitors would have had a negative impact on tourism, but this negative impact never happened because Stromboli is still considered a year-round destination from tourists all over the world. Increasing involvement of the local population in civil protection activities led to"}, {"text": "establishing two groups of civil protection volunteers on the island. These two groups took active part in the tsunami information campaign \"Io non Rischio\" in 2015 and 2016, which were right in the middle of the summer period. Media coverage. After the eruption of December 2002, many newspapers, newscasts and websites, such as la Repubblica, Corriere del Mezzogiorno and Corriere della Sera, reported on the incident. The event was studied by researchers from the Sapienza University of Rome, the University of Bologna, the INGV-Section of Catania, and the Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering of the CNR. Data collection and processing. In front of the Sciara del Fuoco slope, an initial survey was carried out a week after the event. The results obtained varied from about 1 meter in shallow water to around 5 meters in deep water. In order to improve the precision and resolution of the final results, further techniques for acquiring data and nonstandard processing were applied. Different grids were used for different depth ranges, but also tinning (which is a triangular irregular network) and random points visualization were performed when the maximum resolution was required. The data analysis is carried out continuously by an automatic system"}, {"text": "at the monitoring center of the Vesuvian Observatory, called Eolo. VLP signals require unconventional analysis techniques. The current configuration of the seismic network allows scientists to perform the detection and localization of VLP events with a technique based on a \"semblance\" analysis. This technique involves rather long calculation times that generally prevent its implementation in real-time monitoring systems. To overcome this problem, Eolo uses parallel calculation methods on clusters and uses a supercomputer with 132 processors. This allows scientists to perform continuous semblance analysis, automatically locating all the VLP signals generated by Stromboli activity, which in certain periods can exceed 500 events per day, and perform numerous other signal analyses such as spectrograms, polarization, Real-time Seismic-Amplitude Measurement (RSAM) for all stations. Eolo has a Web interface that allows access to all information. The system developed for Stromboli has ensured seismic monitoring during the eruptive crises of 2002\u20132003 and 2007 by providing a large amount of data processed daily. Thanks to its advanced design and the development of new automatic analysis systems, it allows people to obtain in real-time the maximum information from the acquired data and to highlight its significance. Interviews of witnesses. In 2003, people who lived in Stromboli"}, {"text": "and Panarea were interviewed, though there were not many witnesses since only civil protection authorities and scientists had been allowed in the area. Some witnesses were asked to fill in a questionnaire which was adopted following the UNESCO post-tsunami survey field guide. 17 eyewitnesses were selected and grouped, based on their geographic location at the time of the events, and they were asked to have a more detailed interview, either directly by phone or through email. The purpose was to clarify what the witnesses had seen and understand what had happened without being influenced by the interviewer's point of view. The local witnesses agreed on a negative first wave pulse and one of them affirmed that \"a sort of vertical cut\" opened in the seawater at the Sciara del Fuoco foot and spread around. Others reported that two sets of tsunami waves reached the coast, even if in two different moments. Monitoring systems. Elastic beacon. The Sciara del Fuoco's stability is monitored by an elastic beacon. Marine surveys occurred offshore of Sciara del Fuoco for monitoring the Stromboli submarine slope after the two tsunamis in December 2002. All the morphological changes and depositional processes have been studied carefully. Thanks to"}, {"text": "thirteen surveys in 4 years, it has been possible to reconstruct the morpho-sedimentary evolution of the submarine slope. The scar has been progressively filled with lava; at the beginning, the filling rate was high because of the entrance of lava flows into the sea and the morphological readjustment of the slope; later on, the rate dramatically decreased when the eruption stopped. In February 2007, the scar was already filled by 40%, but then a new type of eruption occurred. The wideband seismic monitoring system of the Stromboli volcano has been active since January 2003 and was designed to detect and analyze the seismicity related to the eruptive processes taking place on the island. The network consists of 13 digital stations with broadband sensors. The data are acquired from GAIA (INGV \u2013 CNT) digital recorders with 24-bit analog-to-digital converter and a sampling frequency set at 50 samples per second for each channel. The timing system of these stations is based on the synchronization of the internal clock with the absolute time signal of the Global Positioning System (GPS). Signals are transmitted continuously via radio modem to two different data logging centers. The first is located on the island of Stromboli, at"}, {"text": "the INGV Observatory of San Vincenzo, and receives signals from the stations on the north side, with which there is direct visibility. The second is located in Lipari, at the INGV Observatory, and receives signals from the stations on the southern side. From Lipari, the signals are sent again to Stromboli, at the San Vincenzo Observatory, via TCP/IP connection. The signals of the entire network are then retransmitted to the INGV section of Catania and the Vesuvian Observatory (INGV) of Naples where they are monitored 24 hours a day by the surveillance staff."}, {"text": "Jordan Skelton (born 22 February 1997) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for One Knoxville SC in USL League One. Career. College and amateur. Skelton played four years of college soccer at Lander University between 2015 and 2018. While at college, Skelton appeared for USL PDL side Mississippi Brilla in both 2017 and 2018. Following college, Skelton appeared for PDL, now rebranded as USL League Two, side South Georgia Tormenta 2. Professional. On 9 August 2019, Skelton signed with USL League One side South Georgia Tormenta. After co-captaining Des Moines Menace to the 2021 USL League Two title, Skelton signed with USL League One club North Carolina FC on December 16, 2021. On January 12, 2023, Skelton transferred to League One expansion club One Knoxville SC. The move reunites him with coach Mark McKeever, under whom he had won the 2021 USL League Two championship with Des Moines Menace."}, {"text": "Leichhardt Power Station is a 60 MW open cycle gas turbine power station near Mount Isa in the Australian state of Queensland. The gas-fired power station was completed in 2014 and is capable of operating on diesel if gas is not available. It contains a single Rolls-Royce Trent 60 gas turbine. It is adjacent to the larger combined cycle Diamantina Power Station for which it provides backup. The power station was built under an engineering, procurement and construction contract by WSP Global. Mount Isa is not on the National Electricity Market, but does have piped natural gas from production in southern Queensland supplied via the Carpentaria Gas Pipeline. Both Diamantina and Leichhardt power stations are owned by APA Group. APA Group bought out its 50% equity partner AGL Energy on 31 March 2016 for . It retained the long-term gas supply contract with AGL."}, {"text": "Samica is a multilingual interdisciplinary scholarly book series focused on the languages, literatures and cultures of S\u00e1pmi and published by the University of Freiburg. The first volume was published in 2014. The series editors are the literary scholar Thomas Mohnike (University of Strasbourg) and the linguists Michael Rie\u00dfler and Joshua Wilbur (both University of Freiburg). History and Profile. The series was founded in 2014 as the follow-up to the series Kleine saamische Schriften. Just as its predecessor, Samica is intended to reach a readership interested in a wide range of topics concerning S\u00e1mi studies. Volumes include contributions to the S\u00e1mi languages, literatures and cultures as well as teaching materials and literary texts both in the original languages and in translation. As of October 2018, four volumes have been published, and a fifth is scheduled to appear in the near future. \"Samica\" is non-profit in the sense that any revenue accrued from the sale of books is used only in the production/publication of new books. In addition to having institutional assist by the University of Freiburg, various organizations in the Nordic countries have provided financial support for individual volumes in the series; these include: the Finnish Literature Exchange, Arjeplog municipality, Duoddara"}, {"text": "R\u00e1fe Pite Saami Center, and Norwegian Literature Abroad. The various volumes have been edited both by the series editors in Freiburg and Strasbourg and by the respective authors and translators. Volume 1 (\"Gr\u00fc\u00dfe aus Lappland\"), the German translation of a text by Nils-Aslak Valkeap\u00e4\u00e4, premiered on the main stage for the guest of honor pavilion Finland at the Frankfurt Book Fair in 2014. Volume 4 (\"Worte verschwinden / fliegen / zum blauen Licht\") is an anthology representing S\u00e1mi poetry between tradition and modernity in German translation and the parallel original versions. It is the first anthology of its kind in German. Volume 5 (\"Johan Turi\") is the German translation of a scene play about the live of Johan Turi by Harald Gaski and Gunnar H. Gjengset, which is performed as part of the art exhibition HOUSE OF NORWAY in Frankfurt by Beaivv\u00e1\u0161 S\u00e1mi Na\u0161un\u00e1late\u00e1hter. Both books premiered on the main stage for the guest of honor pavilion Norway at the Frankfurt Book Fair in 2019 (vol. 4 on 17 October and vol. 5 on 16 October 2019). Whereas the books mentioned above represent various genres of fictional literature, volume 2 (\"Pitesamisk ordbok\") is a contribution to language planning for the"}, {"text": "highly endangered Pite S\u00e1mi language and has actually contributed to gain official recognition of this written language."}, {"text": "London Weekend Radio also known as LWR was a pirate radio station active in London in the 1980s. History. LWR first broadcast on 1 January 1983, originally playing contemporary pop music during the day, with more specialist music shows in the evening and weekends. With the advent of new broadcasting laws in 1984, the station made the decision to close down on 14 July 1984. This close down would be brief, and with management of the station passing to club promoter Zak Dee, on 15 September 1984, LWR rose again as a dedicated soul, hip hop, jazz-funk, and reggae station. LWR would launch the career of the DJ Tim Westwood, whose \"Rap Show\" would later achieve success on Capital Radio and BBC Radio 1. Other DJs and presenters have included rapper Derek B, Jazzy M (whose show \"The Jacking Zone\" is considered to be the first radio show playing all house music), Mr. C (of The Shamen),Ron Tom, Maxi Jazz (of Faithless), Master Cee (from sound system Mastermind), DJ Camilla, Barry B, and DJ Elayne. Like its rival Kiss FM, LWR closed down temporarily on New Year's Eve 1989 in order to apply for a legal license however would be"}, {"text": "unsuccessful, and returned briefly again to the air as a pirate before finally ending in Summer 1990."}, {"text": "Jennie Feldman n\u00e9e Goldman (born 1952) is a South African-born English poet and translator. Life. Born in Cape Town, South Africa, in 1952, she grew up in London and studied French at St Hilda's College, Oxford. She worked as a producer and presenter of radio documentaries, one of which, The House on the Hill on the Spafford Children's Centre in Jerusalem, was awarded a Gold Medal in the 1990 International Radio Festival of New York. Feldman has published three poetry collections: \"The Lost Notebook\" (2005), which was shortlisted for the Glen Dimplex Poetry Award in 2006, \"Swift\" (2012), and \"No Cherry Time\" (2022) and four works of translated French poetry and prose. These include the anthology \"Into the Deep Street: Seven Modern French Poets, 1938-2008\" (2009), co-edited with Stephen Romer, which has been described as \u00abthe best parallel-text introduction to modern and contemporary French poetry available\u00bb. It was awarded a special commendation by the judges of the 2011 Popescu European Poetry Translation Prize. Her poems, translations, reviews and essays have appeared in several journals, including The Times Literary Supplement, Poetry Review, PN Review and Stand. Selected bibliography. Collections of Poems: Translations: Collections:"}, {"text": "Tristan DeLoach (born August 2, 2002) is an American professional soccer player who played as a midfielder. Career. Born in Savannah, Georgia, DeLoach signed a professional contract with USL League One side Tormenta on May 8, 2019. He became the first player from Tormenta's academy to sign a professional contract with the club. After appearing as a substitute in two matches, DeLoach made his professional debut for Tormenta on July 24, 2019, against Orlando City B. He came on as a 82nd-minute substitute for Charlie Dennis as Tormenta won 4\u20131. In the fall of 2021, DeLoach moved to play college soccer at Clemson University."}, {"text": "Alathur State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Alathur Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is K. D. Prasenan of CPI(M). Local self-governed segments. Alathur Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments: Members of Legislative Assembly. The following list contains all members of Kerala Legislative Assembly who have represented Alathur Niyamasabha Constituency during the period of various assemblies: Election results. Percentage change (\u00b1%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election. 2016. There were registered voters in Alathur Constituency for the 2016 election. 2011. There were registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election. 2006. There were 157,841 registered voters in the constituency for the 2006 election. 2001. There were 154,832 registered voters in the constituency for the 2001 election. 1996. There were 146,774 registered voters in the constituency for the 1996 election. 1991. There were 136,727 registered voters in the constituency for the 1991 election. 1987. There were 116,246 registered voters in the constituency for the 1987 election. 1982. There were"}, {"text": "95,522 registered voters in the constituency for the 1982 election. 1952."}, {"text": "The molecular formula C29H52 (molar mass: 400.72 g/mol) may refer to:"}, {"text": "Kallinger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:"}, {"text": "Protostane is a tetracyclic triterpene, its natural distribution is primarily limited to the genus \"Alisma\". It is so named because it is considered to be the \"prototype\" of steroids."}, {"text": "The Maret Building () is located at 128 Muhammad V Boulevard in downtown Casablanca, Morocco. It was designed by Hippolyte Joseph Delaporte and built in 1932, during the French protectorate. Its architecture is a prominent example of the fusion of Neo-Mauresque and Neoclassical architecture with Art Deco touches. The Maret Building features a colorful \"zellij\"-covered dome. Architecture. The Maret Building has 7 floors including a ground floor. Its architectural style is a fusion of Neo Mauresque (Moorish Revival), Neoclassical, and Modern architecture. A series of horizontal wavelike concrete curves spread out across the main fa\u00e7ade from the rounded corner of the building. On the 6th floor, there is an arcade that gives contrastive emphasis to the floor below, which is partly covered with Moroccan \"zellij\" ceramic tiles. The tiles are multicolored, but the predominant color is turquoise; it is reminiscent of Antoni Gaud\u00ed's work. The corner of the building is crowned with a \"zellij\"-covered dome."}, {"text": "Kokouvi Pius Agbetomey (born July 11, 1956) is a Togolese judge. He is Togo\u2019s Minister of Justice and Relations with the Republic\u2019s Institutions since June 28, 2015."}, {"text": "Dustin Will Cohen (born December 22, 1976) is an American former professional football linebacker who played for the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Miami University."}, {"text": "Samson James Froling (born 10 February 2000) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Illawarra Hawks of the National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for the Creighton Bluejays for one season before leaving to play professionally in Australia. Early life. Froling was born in Townsville, Queensland, in the suburb of Hyde Park. College career. In January 2018, Froling committed to play college basketball for the Creighton Bluejays after receiving offers from programs including Wichita State, Arizona and Maryland. In 30 games for Creighton during the 2018\u201319 season, Froling averaged 3.6 points and 1.9 rebounds in 8.9 minutes a game. On 1 April 2019, Froling announced he would be leaving Creighton to pursue professional opportunities in Australia. Professional career. On the same day as announcing he had left Creighton, Froling was listed on the roster for the Dandenong Rangers of the Australian semi-professional league NBL1. In 16 games for the Rangers during the league's inaugural 2019 season, Froling averaged 16.9 points and 7.6 rebounds a game. On 6 May 2019, Froling signed a three-year deal with the Illawarra Hawks of the NBL. His remaining contract with Illawarra was voided when the club was liquidated on 18 May 2020."}, {"text": "On 22 July 2020, Froling re-signed with the Hawks on a new two-year deal. He re-signed to a new three-year deal on 25 February 2022. On 22 February 2023, Froling signed with the Levanga Hokkaido of the Japanese B.League. With the Hawks in the 2023\u201324 NBL season, Froling won the NBL Next Generation Award. Froling joined the Taranaki Airs of the New Zealand National Basketball League (NZNBL) for the 2024 season. In July 2024, he joined the Indiana Pacers for the NBA Summer League. With the Hawks in the 2024\u201325 NBL season, Froling helped the team finish on top of the regular-season ladder and earned All-NBL Second Team honours. In the NBL Grand Final series against Melbourne United, Froling suffered an Achilles injury in the second quarter of a game four victory. He was subsequently ruled out until 2026. On 29 April 2025, Froling re-signed with the Hawks on a three-year deal. National team career. Froling played for the Australian national junior program between 2015 and 2019. He debuted for the Australian Boomers during the FIBA Asia Cup qualifiers in 2020. He played for the Boomers in the FIBA World Cup qualifiers in 2021 and at the 2022 FIBA Asia"}, {"text": "Cup. In November 2024, Froling joined the Boomers for the 2025 FIBA Asia Cup qualifiers. Personal life. Froling is the son of Shane and Jenny Froling and is the youngest of four siblings. His father played in the NBL for twenty years, while his mother was a four-time champion in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). His sisters, Alicia and Keely, have played together in the WNBL, while his brother, Harry Froling, plays in the NBL for the Brisbane Bullets."}, {"text": "The year 1903 in radio involved some significant events."}, {"text": "Gridino () is a rural locality (a village) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 9 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography. Gridino is located 18 km northeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Malakhovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Samica may refer to:"}, {"text": "Gubachevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010. Geography. Gubachevo is located on the Kamenka River, 18 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tsibeyevo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Dobrynskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Bogolyubovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 752 as of 2010. There are 11 streets. Geography. Dobrynskoye is located on the Nerl River, 40 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sokol is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Dorzhevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Bogolyubovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 10 as of 2010. Geography. Dorzhevo is located 45 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vyselki is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Drovniki () is a rural locality (a village) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010. Geography. Drovniki is located 18 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pesochnoye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Zagorye () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2010. There are 5 streets. Geography. Zagorye is located 42 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bogoslovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Nanri (written: ) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:"}, {"text": "Zapolitsy () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 21 as of 2010. There are 7 streets. Geography. Zapolitsy is located on the right bank of the Nerl River, 31 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Burakovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "The International Max Planck Research School for Evolutionary Biology (IMPRS Evolbio) is an international PhD program in Germany dedicated to research and training in Evolutionary Biology. It is one of the top locations in the area of evolutionary and biological research in Germany. It developed as the result of a joint program between the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Pl\u00f6n, the Christian Albrechts University and the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research (GEOMAR) in Kiel. It was founded in 2010 and it is the only IMPRS in the Northern German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein. The study program includes, among other topics: Experimental Evolution, Molecular Evolution, Behavioral Biology, Evolutionary Theory, Mathematical Modelling and Organism Evolution. Each year, 10 to 15 students are selected to enroll the program and to join one of the over 30 research groups involved during the three-year graduate education."}, {"text": "Zeleni () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 119 as of 2010. There are 16 streets. Geography. Zeleni is located 43 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Maslenka is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Ivanovskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 442 as of 2010. There are 7 streets. Geography. Ivanovskoye is located 2 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Suzdal is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Kibol () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 8 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Kibol is located on the Kamenka River, 6 km northwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Suzdal is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Pomezania Malbork is a sports club based in Malbork, Poland. The club now focuses solely on football, but previously also had a handball team. The football team was formed as \"Bractwo Pi\u0142karskie \u2033Pomezania\u2033 Malbork\" in 1990 the club became known by its current official name MOP \u2033Pomezania\u2033 Malbork\" in 2006. The team has been more successful in its early years, playing in the II liga, but has spent the last two decades playing in the lower divisions of Polish football. History. Pomezania Malbork was created on 23 July 1990 after the initiative of Siegfried Kruczkowski and other local football enthusiasts with the team taking the place of MMKS \u2033Nogat\u2033 in the league. In 1991 Polish pasta company Danuta Malma became the main sponsor of the club, with the aim of developing the club and making the team more competitive in the Polish leagues. That same season Pomezania finished 2nd in their III liga group, just missing out on promotion to the second tier. At the end of the season Jerzy Jastrz\u0119bowski became manager leading the club to 5th in his first season. In the 1993\u201394 season Pomezania were promoted to the II liga after winning their group, winning 24 of"}, {"text": "their 30 games during the season. Pomezania's first season in the II liga was a success, with the team finishing comfortably in 9th and without losing a game at home all season. After a series of manager sackings and disappointing results Pomezania failed to capitalise on their strong start in the II liga and were relegated to the third division at the end of the 1995\u201396 season. After relegation the important sponsorship from Danuta Malma was ceased with Pomezania falling down the leagues. The new club president, Waldemar Jastrzebski, put a stop to the club's decline and oversaw the promotion back into the third tier in the 1998\u201399 season. After the reorganization of the leagues' structure the team found themselves in the fourth tier, finishing third in their groups in both 2001\u201302 and 2002\u201303. In 2006 after falling into the fifth tier the BP Pomezania team filed for bankruptcy and the team became MOP Pomezania. After two seasons under the new leadership the team again returned to the IV liga. Colours. The official club colours are yellow, black and white. In the early years the Pomezania home kit was yellow shirts, black shorts, and white socks. Handball. Pomezania Malbork had"}, {"text": "an official Handball team until 2019, known as \"SPR Pomezania Malbork\" and were known as \"Polski Cukier Pomezania\" for sponsorship reasons. The team played in the second division until the Polski Cukier sponsor withdrew from Pomezania, leading the club to fold shortly after. Honours. III liga (group VI)"}, {"text": "Kistysh () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 50 as of 2010. There are 6 streets. Geography. Kistysh is located on the Kestra River, 15 km northwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vishenki is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Mark D. Thomas (born April 26, 1976) is a former American football tight end, played for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at North Carolina State University. Thomas cohosted a morning sports talk show, Mark and Mike, (with Mike Maniscalco) on a radio station based in Raleigh, North Carolina."}, {"text": "The Center for Telematics (commonly known as ZFT by its acronym in German) is a German research institute located in the City of W\u00fcrzburg in northern Bavaria; although its main research topic is on robotics and telematics, it is also among the leading institutes in Bavaria designing and building small satellites (cubesats) focusing in formation flying. In 2018, a German-Israeli research team led by the Center for Telematics received a research prize from the European Research Council to build ten micro-satellites for exploring the clouds and improve global climate models. The Center for Telematics has also collaborated closely with the University of W\u00fcrzburg on the development of the OBC (On-Board Computer), as well as the attitude determination sensor suite and control system of the UWE-3 and UWE-4 CubeSat, the latter launched on 27 December 2018 as a secondary payload on a Soyuz-2. Research area. ZFT does research on Telematics, the interdisciplinary integration of telecommunications, automation and information technology (commonly known as IT), which deals with techniques to provide services in remote locations. On this basis, applications can be realized in areas as diverse as industrial remote maintenance, remote control of robots, medicine, aerospace, transport, teleoperations of pico-satellites and remote education;"}, {"text": "telematics applications in the near future will change the way people do their job and even will change the driving experience. Given the importance of analyzing different processes that enable on-site technicians and expert personnel concentrated in service centers to work together even if they are located on different continents. The Center for Telematics informs about opportunities for the use of telematics technologies, supporting the development of products, services, and applications for industry and academia. Then, the center works analyzing potential solutions for the support of processes in the industrial remote maintenance not only in the automotive industry but also in space applications. Due to this, in 2018 ZFT was selected as the winner on the German Telematics Award in the category \"Networked Production\" for its software Adaptive Management and Security System in the field of advanced automation technology Telematics in space applications: Space Factory. The center for telematics also works in conjunction with the German Aerospace Center ( abbreviated DLR) on small satellites projects such as Space Factory 4.0, consisting on developing a robotic assembly of highly modular satellites on an in-orbit platform based on Industrie 4.0 processes. TU Darmstadt, TU Munich and the ZFT are involved in Space"}, {"text": "Factory 4.0. The objectives of Space Factory 4.0 are to study processes for the rapid production of small satellites on an in-orbit platform, and to analyze and explore the necessary support and ground infrastructure, taking into account Industry 4.0 and Space Guidance (ECSS) standards. Infrastructure on site. For applied research and performance testing, in cooperation with the academia, there is an infrastructure consisting of a 3-meter satellite tracking antenna, the robot hall, the connected field testing ground, a high precision positioning measurement environment, industrial robotic arms, numerous mobile robots, highly accurate powerful motion simulators and a control console for remote control and remote maintenance tasks. So the center is also the ground station of the experimental satellites of the University of W\u00fcrzburg."}, {"text": "Klementyevo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 512 as of 2010. There are 15 streets. Geography. Klementyevo is located 30 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Nikulskoye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Koziki () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 38 as of 2010. There are 9 streets. Geography. Koziki is located 33 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Petrakovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "This is a list of Santo Domingo Metro stations, excluding those that are abandoned, projected, planned, or under construction."}, {"text": "Krapivye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 107 as of 2010. Geography. Krapivye is located on the Kamenka River, 8 km west of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Yanyovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "The North Carolina General Assembly of 1783 was the state legislature that convened in Hillsboro, North Carolina from April 18, 1783, to May 17, 1783. Members of the North Carolina Senate and the North Carolina House of Commons were elected by eligible North Carolina voters. This was the last assembly to meet during the American Revolution. Much of their time was devoted to taking care of the North Carolina soldiers that fought in the war. The General Assembly elected Alexander Martin of Guilford County as governor on April 26, 1782. James Glasgow was Secretary of State. James Iredell was Attorney General. There was no Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina until 1868. Councilors of State. The General Assembly elected the following Councilors of State on May 9, 1783: Members. There was one senator and two members of the House of Commons for each of the 50 counties. In addition, each of the six districts had one representative each. The House of Commons leadership and staff included: Edward Starkey, Speaker; John Hunt, Clerk; and John Haywood, Assistant Clerk. The Senate leadership and staff included: Richard Caswell, speaker; John Haywood, clerk; and Sherwood Haywood, assistant clerk. Members of the House of Commons and"}, {"text": "Senate are listed below for each county and district. Legislation. The American Revolution was ending, so much of the session was devoted to enacting legislation to compensate soldiers. There were also acts to name an agent for dealing with the Cherokees, dealing with slaves, monetary policy, and an act dealing with pardoning some loyalists (not David Fanning). The town of Fayetteville was authorized by the assembly. Martin Academy (later changed to Washington College) in Washington County was chartered by the assembly. The territory of North Carolina extended to the Mississippi River in 1783. The General Assembly established Greene and Davidson Counties in the western region of North Carolina that eventually would become Tennessee in 1796."}, {"text": "Krasnogvardeysky () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 985 as of 2010. There are 9 streets. Geography. Krasnogvardeysky is located 13 km northeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Lopatnitsy is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Krasnoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 82 as of 2010. There are 7 streets. Geography. Krasnoye is located on the Nerl River, 5 km east of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Troitsa-Bereg is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Krasnoye Sushchyovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 64 as of 2010. There are 6 streets. Geography. Krasnoye Sushchyovo is located on the Rpen River, 36 km south of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sushchyovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Kutukovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 607 as of 2010. There are 12 streets. Geography. Kutukovo is located 29 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novaya Derevnya is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Ines Bekrar (born 11 May 2003) is an Algerian junior tennis player. Career. Junior years. Bekrar has a career-high ITF juniors ranking of 93, achieved on 4 January 2021. National representation. Fed Cup. Bekrar made her Fed Cup debut for Algeria in 2019, while the team was competing in the Europe/Africa Zone Group III, when she was 15 years and 340 days old."}, {"text": "Lemeshki () is a rural locality (a selo) in Bogolyubovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 441 as of 2010. There are 7 streets. Geography. Lemeshki is located 30 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bogolyubovo is the nearest rural locality. History. According to legend, this village was made up of peasants of different places, resettled here by landlords, of which there were five in the village. The church was first built here by the landowner Stepan Andreevich Feofilatiev in 1692 and consecrated in the name of the Ascension of the Lord. A priest, a sexton, a sexton, a sexton and a maid were assigned to it. The landlord for the parish allocated 10 quarters of arable land and 10 hayfields. In 1726 at the request of Alexander Theophylatyev the old wooden church was transferred from the village Oslavskoe and from it in Lemeshka another warm church was built, which was named after Nicholas the Wonderworker. At the beginning of the 19th century instead of these two churches there was built a stone church; warm side chapel was consecrated in 1808 and the high altar in 1824. In 1857 a stone bell"}, {"text": "tower was added to the church. There were three altars in the church: the cold one is in the name of the Ascension of the Lord, the vestibules are in the name of Nicholas the Wonderworker and the Mother of God \"Joy of All Who Sorrow\". In 1893 the parish included the village of Lemeshki and the villages of Kvashnin, Grezin, Sobolikha and Nov. Bykova, which according to the church records had 519 male and 549 female inhabitants. In the village of Lemeshka was a public school, maintained at the expense of zemstvo. At the end of the 19th and early 20th century the village was part of Bogolyubovskaya volost Vladimirsky Uezd, Vladimir Governorate. Since 1929 the village was part of Bogolyubovsky village council of Vladimir District, since 1965 - the center of Lemeshinsky village council of Suzdalsky District."}, {"text": "Lopatnitsy () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 235 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Lopatnitsy is located on the Podeks River, 15 km northeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnogvardeysky is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Lyakhovitsy () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 96 as of 2010. There are 4 streets. Geography. Lyakhovitsy is located 11 km east of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bereznitsy is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Florentino Goikoetxea (Goicoechea, Goikoetxe) (1898\u20131980) was a Basque who worked for the Comet Escape Line during World II. A smuggler by profession, he guided more than 200 Allied airmen shot down in occupied Belgium and France over the Pyrenees mountains to neutral Spain from where they could be repatriated to the United Kingdom. He was honored with the George Medal from the United Kingdom and the Legion of Honour from France. Early life. Of humble birth and nearly illiterate, Florentino (as he was universally known) was a hunter as a youth and became familiar with the Pyrenees on the Franco-Spanish border near his home in Hernani in the Basque country of Spain. As an adult he became a smuggler. During the Spanish Civil War (1936\u20131939), he escaped arrest by the Nationalists of Francisco Franco and fled from Spain to Ciboure, just across the border in France where he resided for the rest of his life. The Comet Line. In 1941, Belgians Andr\u00e9e de Jongh and Arnold Depp\u00e9 created what became known as the Comet Line to help an increasing number of Allied airmen shot down over Belgium, occupied by Nazi Germany, evade capture by the Germans and return to the"}, {"text": "United Kingdom. In 1941, they pioneered a route by train from Belgium to Saint-Jean-de-Luz in the Basque country of southwestern France and hence by foot over the Pyrenees mountains into neutral Spain. Once in Spain, they turned the exfiltrated airmen over to British diplomats who arranged their return by air to Great Britain. To cross the mountains they hired Basque guides, often smugglers, who could avoid the German soldiers and border guards in France and the border guards in Spain. In April 1942, Florentino Goikoetxea became the principal guide of the Comet Line, and was credited in his Legion of Honor citation with having led 227 airmen and a number of French and Belgian agents across the border to safety in Spain. Florentino's associates in the Basque country included Elvire de Greef, a Belgian and head of the Comet Line in southwestern France, and Kattalin Aguirre. Aguirre, a Basque women who sheltered escaping airmen in her house. Until her arrest in January 1943, Andr\u00e9e de Jongh usually accompanied the airmen and Florentino across the border. Shot and rescued. On 26 July 1944 Florentino was shot four times by German border guards although he managed to hide the documents he was"}, {"text": "carrying before being captured. His leg was shattered. The Germans took him to a hospital in Bayonne. The local Comet Line helpers decided to rescue him. On 27 July Elvire de Greef visited him in the hospital and told him a rescue would be attempted. Later that day two German-speaking Bayonne policemen showed up at the hospital in an ambulance driven by Fernand, Elvire's husband. They pretended to be Gestapo agents, demanded to take Florentino with them, put him in the ambulance, and drove away. He remained in hiding until the Nazis abandoned southwestern France a month later. Awards. Florentino, still a wanted man in Spain, kept a low profile after World War II. After Spain's long-time dictator Francisco Franco died in 1975, he was honored with both the George Medal of the United Kingdom and the Legion of Honor from France. When asked what his occupation was in the ceremony at Buckingham Palace, the old smuggler said in broken English that he was in the \"import-export business.\""}, {"text": "Malakhovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 38 as of 2010. There are 5 streets. Geography. Malakhovo is located on the Kolochka River, 41 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Smolino is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Rendez-vous is the debut extended play by South Korean Im Hyun-sik of BtoB. The album was released on October 14, 2019 by Cube Entertainment under U-CUBE and Kakao M distribution. The song was released through several music portals, including MelOn, iTunes, and Spotify. On January 31, 2020, a live album of \"Rendez-vous\" was released. Background. The main theme of the album is space. In particular about the encounters and connections in the outer space. The album contains a total of six songs, including the title song \"Dear Love\" and its instrumental version, \"Rendez-vous\", \"Docking\", \"Black\" and \"Moonlight\". Music structure. Rendez-vous album would tell a diverse stories about universe across alternative, rock and synth-pop genre. The title track \"Dear Love\" genre is alternative that harmonizes Im's soft voice and guitar with poetic lyrics. Release. Cube Entertainment released a spoiler image for Im's first solo album, on September 22. The image reveals a person wearing a space suit raising his finger toward the universe. In particular, the English name of Im Hyun-sik, along with the code number \"RD-V1102-3\". The release of the record was first announced on September 24, 2019. Starting October 4 to 6, Cube Entertainment released a series of teasers"}, {"text": "to promote \"Rendez-vous\". The following day, a highlight medley for the record were released. On October 9 and 10, two music video trailer for \"Dear Love\" was released. First, it contained Im screaming of approaching objects faced in outer space, and the second showed the first moment that Im encounters an unidentified person who is similarly dressed in outer space. Promotion. Im held his first sold out solo concert \"RENDEZ-VOUS\" at Bluesquare iMarket Hall on November 2 and 3, 2019. Personnel. Personnel adapted from the liner notes of the physical album."}, {"text": "Malininsky () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 89 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography. Malininsky is located 22 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Stary Dvor is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "is a Japanese actor, comedian and television presenter."}, {"text": "Experiment was one of the first ferries servicing the Sydney Cove to Parramatta run, and later became Brisbane's first ferry. The first regular ferry services between Sydney Cove and Parramatta began in 1831 with paddle steamers \"Surprise\" and \"Sophia Jane\" servicing the route. Both boats were financially unsuccessful and were soon used elsewhere. Passengers begrudgingly returned to slow and unreliable watermen's passage boats, and a Mr Singleton ordered a new ferry in order to fill this gap. Due to scarcity and high cost of steam engines in the colony of Sydney, the ferry was powered by four horses working a treadmill around a capstan that drove the paddles. Weighing about 80 tonnes and 24 metres in length, \"Experiment's\" first trip to Parramatta was made on 5 October 1832. With a capacity of 20 tonnes of cargo and 100 passengers, the vessel could average 5 knots. However, horse performance was unreliable, and \"Experiment\" found itself floating downstream on several occasions. \"Experiment\" lost \u00a31,000 in the first three months and was sold to Edye Manning. He replaced the horses with a 12 hp (9 kW) steam engine and on 9 April 1835 she began five years of successful service as a paddle"}, {"text": "steamer ferrying both cargo and passengers. From the early 1840s, she mainly carried cargo and in 1846 was sent to Brisbane to become that town's first ferry."}, {"text": "Chief of the Luftwaffe Personnel Office () was a leading position within the German \"Luftwaffe\" High Command in Nazi Germany, charged with the personnel matters of all officers and cadets of the Luftwaffe."}, {"text": "Abidjan Basket Club Fighters, commonly known as ABC Fighters, is an Ivorian professional basketball club based in the city of Abidjan. Founded in 1997, the team is the most successful men teams in the country, with a record 22 national championships, and one continental FIBA Africa Champions Cup in 2005. The home arena of the team is the Palais des Sports de Treichville. History. The ABC club was established in 1997 by members of the basketball section of the Africa Sports d'Abidjan football club. In 2002, the team played in the FIBA Africa Club Champions Cup for the first time. In 2004, the first-ever Ivorian Basketball Championship was won. In 2005, ABC won the FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup and was crowned African champions for the first time. In the final, ABC beat Angolan club Interclube 67\u201366. St\u00e9phane Konat\u00e9 was named the competition's Most Valuable Player. In 2021, the team was re-named from ABC to ABC Fighters. The team is nicknamed \"Dang\u00f4r\u00f4s\", a term that designates in Malink\u00e9 those who have earned the respect devolved to the elders. On 18 November 2022, ABC defeated Stade Malien in the Road to BAL semi-finals and clinched their first-ever ticket to the Basketball"}, {"text": "Africa League (BAL). In the playoffs of the 2023 BAL season, ABC played against Petro de Luanda in the quarter-finals. They lost 88-84. In September 2024, the Fighters signed Karim Man\u00e9, the first former NBA player to sign with the team. Honours. Domestic. Ivorian Basketball Championship Ivorian Cup Ivorian SuperCup International. FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup In African competitions. FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup (7 appearances) 2002 \u2013 5th Place 2004 \u2013 \"Runners-up\" 2005 \u2013 Champions 2006 \u2013 6th Place 2007 \u2013 3rd Place 2012 \u2013 8th Place 2014 \u2013 11th Place BAL Qualifiers (1 appearance) 2020 \u2013 Second Round \"As of 26 February 2023.\" Players. Current roster. Head coach: Liz Mills For the 2023 BAL Playoffs the team signed Kenyan forward Tylor Ongwae, Tunisian PG Omar Abada and Guinean centre Ousmane Drame."}, {"text": "St\u00e9phane Van Damme (born 1969) is historian and Professor of Early Modern History at the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure in Paris, France. Graduated from the university of Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne and the EHESS, \"agr\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019histoire\", he received his PhD in 2000 under the supervision of Daniel Roche. After entering at the CNRS (Centre Alexandre Koyr\u00e9) in 2001, he moved to Oxford at the Maison Fran\u00e7aise to take in charge the programme in history of science. In 2007, he was appointed by the University of Warwick as associate professor in Modern French History and director of its Eighteenth-Century studies center. In 2009, he moved to SciencesPo as associate professor in early modern history and history of science at the Centre d\u2019histoire. He got his habilitation \u00e0 diriger des recherches in 2010 at the EHESS under the guidance of Roger Chartier and became full professor at SciencesPo in 2011. Since 2013, he has been Professor of the History of Science at the Department of History and European Civilization of the European University Institute based in Florence, Italy. In September 2020, he joined the D\u00e9partement d'Histoire at the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure in Paris as Professor of Early Modern History and is running the Master programme in"}, {"text": "Transnational History. In June 2022, he created with Blaise Wilfert the Centre Interdisciplinaire d'\u00e9tudes europ\u00e9ennes at the Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure. Research interests. Van Damme's research examines the relations between early modern scientific knowledge and European culture between 1650 and 1850 by looking at scientific centres (Lyon, Paris, London, Edinburgh, New York), founding fathers of the Scientific Revolution (Descartes), paradigmatic disciplines (philosophy, natural history, antiquarianism, geography), and recently, imperial projects (North America, French Asia). In 2014, he published a collection of essays on cultural history of philosophy, \"A toutes voiles vers la v\u00e9rit\u00e9\", which explored the role played by the (natural) philosopher in Old Regime European societies. It contrasts \"philosophe\" and \"philosopher\" in the two different spheres of activity: on the one hand the publicist and man of letters, and on the other the scientist, scholar and natural philosopher. As editor of the Volume 1 of the \"Histoire des sciences et des savoirs\", published in 2014, and \"A Global History of Linnean Science\" (Voltaire Foundation, 2018), he explored master narratives in the history of science and knowledge, both by displacing the historical chronology focussed on the \"old regime of science\u201d and by contrasting Early Modern Sciences with the modernist paradigm. His"}, {"text": "second avenue of research deals with the urban history of science. After attempting a spatial history of Parisian sciences in \"Paris, capital philosophique\" (2005), he analyzed the relationships between modern sciences and metropolis by looking at the birth of urban archaeology as a discipline in Paris and London (in his book \"Metropoles de papiers\", 2012). His recent publications includes a special issue of the journal \"History of Science\", co-edited with William Carruthers on archaeology and material history of science. He edited with the art historian Charlotte Guichard the volume \"Antiquit\u00e9s d\u00e9pays\u00e9es. Une histoire globale des cultures antiquaires au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle\" (Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2022). Taking into account the environmental crisis, his current project explores the emergence of a natural history of metropolises from the 17th century to the end of the 19th century when urban ecology started to split the field into different sectors of research (natural sciences and social and urban studies)."}, {"text": "Etta is an Italian given name that is a diminutive form of Antonietta and Antonetta in use in Italy. It is also an English given name that is a short form of the name Henrietta. Etta is also a Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Old Danish, Old Swedish and Swedish given name. Notable people with this name include the following:"}, {"text": "The Walworth Aloyco Tournament was a men's professional golf tournament played from 1969 to 1972 in the Rome area of Italy. The event was held the week after the Italian BP Open. The Italian Open was restarted in 1971 and was played the week before the Italian BP Open, so that the Walworth Aloyco was the last of three consecutive weekly tournaments played in Italy. In 1972 the Italian Open moved to an autumn date. The 1971 and 1972 tournaments were played in the same week as the Masters Tournament. The 1972 tournament was not part of the inaugural European Tour season."}, {"text": "Faigy Mayer was an American entrepreneur and software engineer. She was the founder, CEO, and iOS developer of Appton, an app development company. She was also a member of Footsteps, a group which provides social and emotional support to former members of Hasidic Judaism. Early life. The daughter of Israel and Chava Mayer, Faigy Mayer attained her undergraduate degree from Touro College. She left the Hasidic Belz community in Brooklyn's Borough Park in 2010, when she was 24 years old. She matriculated to Johns Hopkins University, earning a graduation degree in 2015, and later received a master's degree in accounting and computer science at the City University of New York-Brooklyn College. Career. As an iOS developer, Mayer had created many iOS apps, including New York restaurant tip calculator, NYCTips, and a parking app called Carma. Death. On July 20, 2015, Mayer died by suicide by jumping off from a 20th floor rooftop bar known as 230 Fifth in Manhattan\u2019s Flatiron District. Her death led to a spate of think-pieces about the issue of suicide amongst former members of the Hasidic Jewish community."}, {"text": "Mojm\u00edr Povoln\u00fd (November 25, 1921 \u2013 August 21, 2012) was a Czech lawyer and politician. He was a professor of government at Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, from 1958 to 1987. He began his academic career with a J.D. degree from Masaryk University School of Law in Czechoslovakia. On August 21, 2012, Povoln\u00fd died at home in Appleton. In the earlier part of his life, he was politically exiled for devoting a majority of his life to liberating Czechoslovakia from Communist and Soviet occupation. Povoln\u00fd's service to Czechoslovakia was recognized by President V\u00e1clav Havel in 1995 when he was presented with the Order of Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk. Personal life and education. Mojm\u00edr Povoln\u00fd was born in M\u011bn\u00edn, a Moravian village in what is now the Czech Republic, on November 25, 1921. He spent five years in elementary school, before going to a gymnasium, or prep school, for eight years. When Povoln\u00fd finished gymnasium and was of age to attend university, the country was occupied by Nazi Germany and universities had been closed by the Germans. He worked in a factory until after the conflict, when he then went to university. Povoln\u00fd took part in the Bene\u0161 Party's democratic youth movement"}, {"text": "during his college studies. In 1947, he earned a Juris Doctor degree in 2\u00bd years from Masaryk University School of Law in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Shortly after graduation, he served as the executive secretary of its Economic Council in Prague for about one year. From 1974 to 1993, Povoln\u00fd was the President of the . In 1948, shortly after the Communist coup d'\u00e9tat in April, Povoln\u00fd fled to Paris. While Povoln\u00fd was in Paris, he studied international law at the Institute of Higher International Studies and worked as an assistant for the European Director of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. In 1950, he migrated to the United States and received his PhD in international relations from the University of Chicago in 1954. In 1957, he joined the faculty at Lawrence University where he taught government for 30 years. He received an honorary degree from Masaryk University in 1992. Mojm\u00edr married his wife Joyce on July 15, 1956, and had two children (David and Daniel), ten grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. Academic career. Povoln\u00fd began his academic career in Czechoslovakia, where he earned J.D. degree from Masaryk University School of Law. After arriving in the United States, he earned a Ph.D. in"}, {"text": "international relations at the University of Chicago and later taught there for one year (1956\u201357) before becoming a professor of government at Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin, from 1958\u20131987. During winter 1958, he commuted from Chicago to teach a course in politics at Lawrence University while also teaching at the University of Chicago three times a week before he began teaching full-time at Lawrence in September the same year. During his career at Lawrence, Povoln\u00fd taught courses in international politics, international law, international organizations and Soviet politics, but he was also heavily involved in the college in other ways. He became the chair of The Select Committee on Planning in 1969, where he was a key figure in restructuring the institutional plan for liberal arts education at Lawrence. He led more than 50 Lawrence University mentees during his tenure, and was honored with the Lawrence University Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1986. On his retirement in 1987, Povoln\u00fd was praised for his service as an \"academic dean, department chair, wise counselor to presidents, confidant to colleagues, pedagogical innovator, scholar, and, above all, generous guide and teacher to students\" and the university made two dedications in honor of his retirement."}, {"text": "One was The Mojimir Povolny Prize in Government, an award annually granted to an outstanding senior in the government department. Secondly, an annual lecture series named in his honor that was purposed to highlight the improvement of global cooperation was established in 1987. Notable speakers include the journalist Peter Copeland and the former Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Secretary George Meyer. The Lawrence University Povolny Lecture Series encourages student engagement with the ethical dimensions surrounding political science and government. In the lectures, presenters debate topics such as politics, economics and culture in a global world view, and work to find a balance between government control and corporate freedom to prevent harm to the environment while keeping business competitiveness intact. Involvement in Czech politics. From 1947 to 1948, Povoln\u00fd carried out his role as \"executive secretary of its Economic Council in Prague\" with the Bene\u0161 Party\u2019s democratic youth movement. After the communist takeover of Czechoslovakia and the Communist coup d'\u00e9tat, Povoln\u00fd escaped the country with the help of supportive representatives of the Communist secret police in April 1948. Involvement in Czech politics while in United States. After escaping Czechoslovakia to the United States, Povoln\u00fd continued to be involved in its politics."}, {"text": "Shortly after his flight from Czechoslovakia, he and a few of his former and current students created a magazine and wrote memoranda, appealing to a wide range of organizations from the United Nations down to any small ones for help against the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia. In 1974, Povoln\u00fd was elected as Chair of the Council of Free Czechoslovakia in New York City and held that chair until the fall of the communist regime in during the Velvet Revolution in 1989. This Council was set up in order to help with the liberation of Czechoslovakia from communism. At the end of his time as chairman, he returned to the Czech Republic to help with the reconstruction of Czechoslovakia's civil society at the request of the Czech government. Part of the effort was to establish political science in the Czech Republic after November 1989. In the early 1990s, Povoln\u00fd became a member of the Board of Consultants of the President of the Republic and on, October 28, 1995, was presented with the Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk Order, the Czech Republic's highest civilian honor, for \"his service to democracy and human rights\". In addition, Povoln\u00fd wrote a book that analyzed the contribution of"}, {"text": "exiled organizations in the 1970s and 1980s to support domestic dissent."}, {"text": "Sunsets & Full Moons is the sixth studio album by Irish rock band The Script, released 8 November 2019 through Sony Music Entertainment. It was supported by the lead single \"The Last Time\". The Script embarked on a European tour in 2020 in promotion of the album, with Becky Hill acting as a support act. It was the last studio album to feature guitarist Mark Sheehan before his death in 2023. Background. The band consider the album to be a sequel to their self-titled debut album, released in 2008, as both were \"written and recorded following traumatic personal events\" for lead singer Danny O'Donoghue, whose parents both died ten years apart. O'Donoghue called the album the \"most poignant record we've ever made\", and said \"Our music was always about being together with the audience, and writing about your own feelings, and sharing them.\""}, {"text": "Tabart is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:"}, {"text": "Tchitchao Tchalim is a Togolese barrister. He was the Togolese Minister of Justice from 2011 to 2014."}, {"text": "Ryan Montgomery is an American country music artist. He was born and raised in South Florida. He has performed with Dustin Lynch, Craig Campbell, and Chase Bryant. Career. Montgomery released his debut single, \"Drop a Tailgate\", on June 3, 2018, and self-titled 6-song debut EP on June 29, 2018. Montgomery's 2018\u201319 releases landed on Apple Music's Best of the Week (All Charts), Cool Country Playlist, Hot Tracks, Spotify's Release Radar, Discover Weekly, Daily Mix and New Country 2018. Ryan released \"'Til The Sun Came Up\" on September 6, 2019. He is currently enrolled in the BBA program at Florida Atlantic University while pursuing his music career in the country genre. Personal life. Montgomery participates in sports such as ice hockey, basketball, waterskiing, surfing and working out."}, {"text": "Ronald James Ward Jr. (1966 \u2013 April 11, 2014) was an American serial killer who murdered at least three women and one man in the span of several months in 2000. Initially convicted for the murder of Craig Petrich in Montana, he was later linked by DNA evidence to three other murders, which had occurred in Arkansas and California. Ward died serving his sentence in the Montana State Prison in 2014, but the cause of his death was not disclosed. Early life. Ward was born in Hood River, Oregon, but was raised in the areas of Eugene and Springfield. When Ward was 19 his father, Ronald Sr., an abusive womanizer, divorced his wife, whom he had given syphilis. Ward claimed he had had eight stepmothers while growing up, and that he quit school in the sixth grade. At age 19, he married a woman named Donna, who herself had six children. He was a kind father to his adoptive children, taking them out on family walks and other activities he himself hadn't partaken in with his own father. At some point, he held a job as a football coach for the 7th and 8th grades in Coos Bay. Married life"}, {"text": "didn't suit either Ronald or Donna, with the added trouble that Ronald was also doing heavy drugs at the time. She eventually moved away to Arkansas, with Ward losing all contact with his stepchildren. His drug habits eventually cost him the ability to hold a regular job, as he hurt his head during a fight in Oregon. To make ends meet, Ward began working odd jobs as a truck driver, homebuilder and a commercial fisherman, which he enjoyed doing. After spending some time on a boat in Alaska for fishing season, Ronald met Hattie Ann Baker at the Poverello Center in Missoula, Montana, in 1999. Baker was an impoverished divorcee with three children, whose husband Henry had left her to fend for herself. The couple then moved to West Virginia so Baker could be with relatives, and Ward started driving a garbage truck. Murders. Kristin Laurite. The 25-year-old Kristin Laurite, from Scotch Plains, New Jersey, left her home for Eureka, California, as she planned to take a job at a daycare in the city. On August 25, 2000, Laurite stopped her 1972 Volkswagen van along a secluded Interstate 40 rest stop outside of Morrilton, Arkansas, so she could splash some"}, {"text": "water on her face and let her two dogs run down to a nearby pond and play. The following day, truckers found one of Laurite's dogs running loose and called the number on the dog tag, which got them in contact with Laurite's mother, Lynn DiBenedetto. The dogs later led authorities from the Arkansas Highway Patrol to Laurite's body, which was dumped behind the rest stop. Her sundress had been tossed aside, and it was evident that Laurite had been sexually assaulted before suffering at least 10 stab wounds to the neck. A short while before the killing, Ward had found his girlfriend with another man. Shocked, he quickly stormed off to his garbage truck, claiming that he would drive to Montana so he could find his mother. He brought with him five jugs with moonshine, cocaine and heroin, and while en route to Montana, the highly intoxicated Ward simply chanced upon Laurite, whom he proceeded to beat, strangle, rape and finally stab to death. Craig Petrich. Eventually, Ward and Baker moved to Montana, settling in an RV park in Hamilton. There Ward met 43-year-old Craig Sheldon Petrich, who was selling his motor home. Shortly after that, in October, Petrich"}, {"text": "disappeared suddenly. Two weeks later, his bullet-riddled body was found in the Soft Rock recreational area in the Sapphire Mountains. Authorities quickly connected the dots and went after Ward, who by then had fled the state along with Baker. According to Ward, after a night of bingedrinking in the trailer, Petrich had assaulted Baker. After returning the next morning, the enraged Ward grabbed a gun, which he had acquired from a friend in Hamilton, and shot Petrich on the spot. However, authorities had a different version of events: it's likely that Ward and Petrich had left the RV park together in the afternoon, heading out to the Sapphire Mountains. There, the two men got into a fight, with Ward managing to beat Petrich with a rock before shooting him thrice in the chest. After that, he hid his body in a rock crevice. Jackie Travis. A 49-year-old from Jonesboro, Arkansas, Jackie Travis, who had a prosthetic leg as a result from a car accident, had just recently moved to Merced, California, after a period of being homeless. It is thought they knew each other from a local homeless shelter. Less than a month later, Travis was found beaten, raped, strangled,"}, {"text": "carved on, burnt, stabbed and sexually assaulted in her apartment, which Ward allegedly frequented, on December 7, in an eerily similar fashion to the Arkansas and Modesto killings. Shela Polly. A 32-year-old homeless divorcee with three children, Shela Polly was taking exams in Las Vegas to become a nursing assistant. She had planned to return to her home in Modesto, California, where she would share custody with her former husband, Tim Polly. Most details regarding her murder are kept secret, it is known that she was beaten, stabbed and sexually assaulted, with her body then dumped and covered with leaves in Modesto's Dry Creek in December 2000. Witnesses claimed that they had seen Polly accompanied by Ward sometime before her murder. Investigation, trial and death. After fleeing Montana, Ward was arrested three months later in Merced in connection with Polly's murder. He was extradited back to Montana, where he was tried for the Petrich murder, to which he readily confessed. Ward would not be conclusively connected to the other murders until 2007, when he was linked by DNA to the Laurite killing. Until then, her family had searched for answers, putting up a billboard on the highway with Laurite's image"}, {"text": "with the plea \"Do you know who murdered me?\". Ward was extradited to Arkansas, where he pleaded nolo contendere to the murder, when he initially planned to plead guilty. He explained that he had no recollection of killing Laurite, but still believed that he was guilty, citing the DNA evidence as conclusive proof. He was given another life sentence for this murder. Not long after, that same DNA evidence connected him with the Polly and Travis murders in California, which also fit his modus operandi. John E. Douglas, the famous FBI profiler, dismissed Ward's claim of being a nonviolent person, pointing out that serial killers often blamed things like drug abuse for their actions, while secretly treasuring their crimes in their minds. He and Det. Ray Sterling pointed out that these most likely weren't Ward's only murders, as he had travelled cross-country. On April 11, 2014, Ronald James Ward was found unresponsive in his high-security cell. He was transported to the hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Medical personnel did not report the exact cause of death, but said that no foul play was involved in his death."}, {"text": "Saota railway station is a railway station in Bardhaman\u2013Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Jagadishpur, Saota of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History. On 1 December 1915, McLeod's Light Railways (MLR) set up narrow-gauge lines in the Burdwan-Katwa Railway route. This railway section was handed over to the Eastern Railway in 1966. In 2010 the work started for conversion of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge. Bardhaman to Balogna railway station was reopened in 2014 and Balgona to Katwa section was completed on 12 January 2018 for the public."}, {"text": "Inda Sillasie is a \"tabia\" or municipality in the Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The \"tabia\" centre is in Migichi village, located approximately 13 km to the south-southeast of the \"woreda\" town Hagere Selam. Geography. The \"tabia\" stretches down from the foot of the Tsatsen ridge to Giba River, over a long ledge between the Inda Sillasie and Gra Agiam/Bitchoqo rivers. The highest peak is a hill at May Ch\u2019elaqo (2330 m a.s.l.) and the lowest place is the confluence between Giba and Bitchoqo rivers (1440 m a.s.l.). Geology. From the higher to the lower locations, the following geological formations are present: Geomorphology and soils. The main geomorphic unit, with corresponding soil types is the gently rolling Antalo Limestone plateau, holding cliffs and valley bottoms. Climate and hydrology. Climate and meteorology. The rainfall pattern shows a very high seasonality with 70 to 80% of the annual rain falling in July and August. Mean temperature in Migichi is 21 \u00b0C, oscillating between average daily minimum of 11.9 \u00b0C and maximum of 29.6 \u00b0C. The contrasts between day and night air temperatures are much larger than seasonal contrasts. Rivers. The Giba River is the most important river in"}, {"text": "the surroundings of the \"tabia\". It flows towards Tekezze River and further on to the Nile. This river and its affluents have incised deep gorges which characterise the landscape. The drainage network of the \"tabia\" is organised as follows: Whereas they are (nearly) dry during most of the year, during the main rainy season, these rivers carry high runoff discharges, sometimes in the form of flash floods. Especially at the beginning of the rainy season the water is brown-coloured, evidencing high soil erosion rates. For instance, in the rainy season the Inda Sillasie river, near its outlet, has an average discharge of 9 m3 per second, which amounts to 220 m3 per second during heavy storms. Annually, some 60,000 tonnes of sediment are exported from the 121 km2 large catchment. Springs. As there are no permanent rivers in the uplands, the presence of springs is of utmost importance for the local people. The main springs in the \"tabia\" are: Water harvesting. In this area with rains that last only for a couple of months per year, reservoirs of different sizes allow harvesting runoff from the rainy season for further use in the dry season. Vegetation and exclosures. The \"tabia\" holds"}, {"text": "several exclosures, areas that are set aside for regreening. Wood harvesting and livestock range are not allowed there. Besides effects on biodiversity, water infiltration, protection from flooding, sediment deposition, carbon sequestration, people commonly have economic benefits from these exclosures through grass harvesting, beekeeping and other non-timber forest products. The local inhabitants also consider it as \u201cland set aside for future generations\u201d. In this \"tabia\", some exclosures are managed by the EthioTrees project. They have as an additional benefit that the villagers receive carbon credits for the sequestered CO2, as part of a carbon offset programme. The revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, conservation in the exclosures, or a store for incense. The following exclosures are managed by the Ethiotrees project in Inda Sillasie municipality: Settlements. The \"tabia\" centre Migichi holds a few administrative offices, a health post, a primary school, and some small shops. There are a few more primary schools across the \"tabia\". The main other populated places are: Agriculture and livelihood. The population lives essentially from crop farming, supplemented with off-season work in nearby towns. The"}, {"text": "land is dominated by farmlands which are clearly demarcated and are cropped every year. Hence the agricultural system is a permanent upland farming system. The farmers have adapted their cropping systems to the spatio-temporal variability in rainfall. Especially the youngsters will go to the deep gorge of Giba river to harvest incense from Boswellia papyrifera trees. History and culture. History. The history of the \"tabia\" is strongly confounded with the history of Tembien. Religion and churches. Most inhabitants are Orthodox Christians. The following churches are located in the \"tabia\": \"Inda Siwa\", the local beer houses. In the main villages, there are traditional beer houses (\"Inda Siwa\"), often in unique settings, where people socialise. Well known in the \"tabia\" centre are Kidan Gebretekle and Fetli Gebregziabher. Roads and communication. The main road Mekelle \u2013 Hagere Selam \u2013 Abiy Addi runs 10 to 15 km northwest of the \"tabia\". A rural access road links most villages to the main asphalt road at Dongolo. Tourism. Its mountainous nature makes the \"tabia\" fit for tourism. As compared to many other mountain areas in Ethiopia the villages are quite accessible, and during walks visitors may be invited for coffee, lunch or even for an overnight"}, {"text": "stay in a rural homestead. Dabba Hadera has grown into a pilgrimage centre where people stay for shorter or longer terms. Geotouristic sites. The high variability of geological formations and the rugged topography invite for geological and geographic tourism or \"geotourism\". Geosites in the \"tabia\" include: Trekking routes. Trekking routes have been established in this \"tabia\". The tracks are not marked on the ground but can be followed using downloaded. GPX files."}, {"text": "Johan Petersen Fjord, also known as Petersen Bay (), is a fjord in King Christian IX Land, Eastern Greenland. The fjord is named after Danish Arctic explorer Johan Petersen (1813\u20131880). Geography. This fjord is located on the western shore of Sermilik (Sermiligaaq), near Tasiilaq (Ammassalik), about north of the mouth of the great fjord. Johan Petersen Fjord runs roughly from northwest to southeast for about . The Bruckner and Heim glaciers discharge at the head of the fjord. Qeertartivatsiaq Island is located on the northern side of the entrance of the fjord. There are Inuit ruins on the southern shore of the island facing the fjord."}, {"text": "Nigan railway station is a railway station in Bardhaman\u2013Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Katwa road at Nigan of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History. On 1 December 1915, McLeod's Light Railways (MLR) set up narrow-gauge lines in the Burdwan-Katwa Railway route. This railway section was handed over to the Eastern Railway in 1966. In 2010 the work started for conversion of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge. Bardhaman to Balogna railway station was reopened in 2014 and Balgona to Katwa section was completed on 12 January 2018 for the public."}, {"text": "Walter Gustav Url (9 October 1929 \u2013 10 April 2021) was an Austrian scientist and academic. As Professor Emeritus in the Faculty of Life Sciences of the University of Vienna, he was notable for his work on membranes, plant physiology, and scientific film. Personal life. Walter Gustav Url FRMS was born on 9 October 1929, in Vienna. He completed Gymnasium in Diefenbachgasse and studied biology and geography at the University of Vienna. He married Edith Zapletal, later a secondary school teacher in the Gymnasium Rahlgasse (), on 28 December 1955. They had two children: Elisabeth and Michael. Edith died after a long battle with illness in 2016, and Michael unexpectedly in 2018. He lived for most of his life in Ottakring in Vienna. Url died on 10 April 2021, at the age of 91. Academic career. Url earned his Ph.D. in plant cell biology from the University of Vienna in 1952, studying the permeability of plasma membranes in plant cells under Karl H\u00f6fler (). After receiving his Ph.D., Url became an assistant in the university's Institute of Plant Physiology until earning his habilitation for work on the radiation tolerance of plant cells in 1959, becoming Docent in the anatomy and"}, {"text": "physiology of plants. Url continued his career in 1968 with a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Minnesota with a grant from the Max Kade foundation, in which he focused on the water permeability of the protoplasm of plant cells. Url returned to Vienna to become an associate professor at the University of Vienna in 1970, establishing a working group in cell physiology and scientific film in the (now dissolved) Institute of Plant Physiology. He became a full professor for anatomy and physiology of plants with a specialization in teaching pharmacy students from 1983, under the Faculty of Life Sciences. He additionally helped establish the Institute of Nutrition Sciences at the University of Vienna. Url retired from the Faculty of Life Sciences at the University of Vienna in 1999 as Professor Emeritus, joining the Natural History Museum, Vienna as a fellow under director Bernd L\u00f6tsch (). He helped establish the museum's \"Mikrotheater\", a long-running public exhibition of microscopic films. Research and teaching. Url's scientific career focused on two major topics, which generally intertwined: plant cell physiology with a focus on membrane characteristics and plasmolysis, and the development of microscopy, particularly microcinematography. He also valued field work as an important basis"}, {"text": "for further lab work, especially in his studies of algal flora. This work also spurred his interest in ecology and environmentalism. In his work on plant cell physiology, Url studied membrane permeability and the tolerance of plant cells to stress factors such as heavy metals and radiation. His research in this field was often motivated by and tied to his work in microscopy and advancing the field of microcinematography. Investigating the dynamic properties of living cells demanded higher resolution light microscopy to record cellular structures in motion, which had to that point mainly been visible in static electron microscope photographs. These included pioneering work with the ultraviolet microscope in 1964 & 1987 introduction of video techniques to improve microscope resolution allowing the observation of the endoplasmic reticulum and organelle structure in living plant cells. This development of film techniques for dynamic cell processes led to an interest in science education and communication. Url produced numerous movies covering cell structure and functions in living organisms for a student audience. This work was done in close collaboration with his colleague Oswald Kiermayer from the University of Salzburg as well as the support of Hans-Karl Galle of the Institute for Scientific Film ()"}, {"text": "and Siegfried Hermann of the Austrian Institute of Scientific Film. Several of the films won scientific awards, including a 1986 state award for outstanding achievement in audiovisual production and education from the Republic of Austria for a series of films on physiological processes in plant cells. His interest in education extended to ensuring the audiovisual microscopic knowledge he had was passed on to his students, and Url spent considerable time and effort on sharing it with future generations of scientists."}, {"text": "Flynn Cruiseport Boston, formerly known as the Black Falcon Cruise Terminal, is the main port for all cruise ships visiting Boston, Massachusetts. The port is owned and operated by Massport, which operates most of the Port of Boston, and is located in the Seaport District of Boston. It is primarily open between the months of March and November, with its busiest season being in the early fall, as multiple Canada and New England cruises use Flynn Cruiseport as either a port of call or port of departure. In 2018, the port handled over 389,000 passengers, up over 26% from 2016. Massport handled 402,346 passengers with 138 calls by 34 different ships from 21 cruise lines in 2019. History. Originally called Black Falcon Cruise Terminal, the port was renamed in 2017 to Flynn Cruiseport Boston after former Boston mayor Raymond Flynn. Flynn opened the cruise terminal in 1986, and in its first year the port hosted 13 ships and 11,723 passengers. The main portion of the terminal underwent an $11 million renovation in 2010, while the secondary terminal was renovated in 2015 for a total of $3.2 million. Ships. In 2019, six ships were scheduled to utilize Flynn Cruiseport as their"}, {"text": "port of departure. The ships sail for Norwegian Cruise Line, Holland America Line, Royal Caribbean International, and the Seabourn. These ships include: Statistics. Massport reports that Flynn Cruiseport supports 1,000 jobs in the Boston area, as well as generates $56 million in business revenue. The port regularly reports its passenger volume numbers for each month it is in operation. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, no passenger ships departed from or made a port of call at the cruiseport in 2020. Yearly totals can be seen in the table below, with 2023 being updated through November."}, {"text": "Sunday Dech (born 1 January 1994) is a South Sudanese-Australian professional basketball player for the Knox Raiders of the NBL1 South. He is also contracted with the Perth Wildcats of the National Basketball League (NBL). He is a two-time NBL champion with the Perth Wildcats, having won in 2014 and 2019. Dech played NCAA Division II college basketball for the Metro State Roadrunners and Barry Buccaneers. He spent a season with the Illawarra Hawks in 2019\u201320 before playing five seasons for the Adelaide 36ers between 2020 and 2025. Early life. Dech was born in Gambela, Ethiopia, as one of seven children to South Sudanese parents Abraham Dech and Aret Ochala. His family are members of the Anuak tribe. Dech moved from Gambela to Perth, Western Australia, at the age of six when his father was able to secure immigration forms for his family. He participated in a variety of sports growing up \u2013 including Australian rules football, soccer and skateboarding \u2013 that he credits as helping him to acclimatise to Australian life. Dech began playing basketball at the age of 16. He attended Churchlands Senior High School and graduated in 2012. Basketball career. Early years. Dech debuted in the State"}, {"text": "Basketball League (SBL) with the East Perth Eagles in 2013. For the 2013\u201314 NBL season, he joined the Perth Wildcats as a development player and was a member of the championship-winning team in April 2014. That year, he was named the SBL's Most Improved Player and helped the Eagles win the championship. He then continued on with the Wildcats as a development player in 2014\u201315 before playing a third season with East Perth in 2015. College. The 2015\u201316 season saw Dech redshirt with the Metro State Roadrunners. He returned to the Eagles for the 2016 season and then made his college debut with the Roadrunners in the 2016\u201317 season. In 28 games for the Roadrunners, he averaged 13.0 points and a team-high 6.9 rebounds per game. Dech transferred to Barry University and joined the Buccaneers for the 2017\u201318 season to play his final season of eligibility. In 32 games, he averaged 13.3 points and a team-high 7.0 rebounds per game. He earned SSC All-Newcomer Team honours and was named in the SSC All-Tournament Team. Professional. Following the 2017\u201318 U.S. college season, Dech returned to Australia to train with the Cairns Taipans and Brisbane Bullets. After a three-game stint with the"}, {"text": "Rockingham Flames at the back-end of the 2018 SBL season, Dech re-joined the Perth Wildcats for the 2018\u201319 NBL season as a training player. He was later designated as Perth's nominated replacement player and filled in for the injured Damian Martin and Mitch Norton throughout the season. In March 2019, he was crowned a champion for the second time when the Wildcats defeated Melbourne United in the 2019 NBL Finals. Dech was subsequently awarded the Coaches' Award by head coach Trevor Gleeson. He went on to play in New Zealand during the off-season, where he helped the Wellington Saints win the NZNBL championship. On 9 April 2019, Dech signed a two-year deal with the Illawarra Hawks after being highly sought after as a free agent. The 2019\u201320 NBL season saw Dech earn nominations for both the league's Most Improved Player and Best Defensive Player. His remaining contract with the Hawks was voided when the club was liquidated on 18 May 2020. Dech initially signed with the Southland Sharks before they withdrew prior to the start of the 2020 New Zealand NBL season. On 22 July 2020, Dech signed a three-year deal with the Adelaide 36ers. He built a reputation as"}, {"text": "one of the league's standout defenders during the 2020\u201321 NBL season. Following his first season with the 36ers, Dech played for the North Adelaide Rockets of NBL1 Central. He helped the Rockets win the championship while earning grand final MVP honours. Dech missed the start of the 2021\u201322 NBL season with a hematoma of his quad. For the season, he averaged 12.3 points, 2.43 assists, and 4.26 rebounds per game. Dech joined the Canterbury Rams for the 2022 New Zealand NBL season. Dech made his debut for the team on 8 May 2022 against the Auckland Tuatara. On 21 May 2022, Dech scored an NZNBL individual season-high 35 points in a loss to the Nelson Giants. On 29 April 2022, Dech signed a three-year contract extension with the 36ers. He was selected as a member of the 36ers' leadership group alongside teammates Mitch McCarron, Daniel Johnson and Robert Franks for the 2022\u201323 season. Following the 2023\u201324 NBL season, he joined the East Perth Eagles of the NBL1 West for the 2024 season. On 31 May, he recorded a triple-double with 20 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in the Eagles' 90\u201378 win over the Perth Redbacks. Dech missed seven games"}, {"text": "during the 2024\u201325 NBL season due to a hamstring injury. Dech joined the Knox Raiders of the NBL1 South for the 2025 season. On 22 April 2025, Dech signed a three-year deal with the Perth Wildcats, returning to the club for a third stint. National team. In 2022, Dech was selected to play for the South Sudanese national team in the FIBA World Cup Qualifiers. Dech was named in South Sudan's final roster for the 2024 Olympics. Personal life. Dech's younger brother, Okummu, played for the South West Slammers in the NBL1 West in 2023."}, {"text": "Picture to Post is a 1969 documentary film directed by Sarah Erulkar. The film explores the design process of postage stamps and the work of three notable designers, Arnold Machin, Jeffery Matthews and David Gentleman. It was awarded the BAFTA in 1970 for best short documentary film."}, {"text": "Bruce Billings is an openly gay cartoonist, creator of the LGBT-themed comic strip \"Castro\", which ran in the 1970s and 1980s in San Francisco gay newspapers such as \"The Voice\". \"Castro\" nominally starred a dog (based on Billings') who lived in the Castro Street neighborhood of San Francisco with his owner (based on Billings himself), and the strip affectionately lampooned the gay male culture of the city. The strips were reprinted in \"Gay Comix\", \"Meatmen\", and \"Strip AIDS USA\". In 1989, Billings and cartoonist Kurt Erichsen co-produced a flip book \u2013 a single bound volume with both covers formatted as the \"front\" \u2013 as \"Between the Sheets!\" (Billings' cover) and \"Under the Covers\" (Erichsen's). Billings retired to southern Oregon."}, {"text": "Abdul Jabbar Ahmad Abdul Wahab Numan (1949\u20132019) was a Yemeni Arab visual artist, who specialised in the field of plastic art in realist style. Biography. Numan was born in Dhoban near the city of Taiz, where he began his studies and then completed in Aden. He then travelled to Cairo where he joined the Italian Art Institute, where he earned a bachelor's degree with distinction in 1973. At the start of his career, Numan painted in a realist style. His works were associated with the local environment, and expressed identity through architecture and decoration often. Later he painted women's faces and portraits, highlighting the aesthetics of costume and folklore."}, {"text": "Si-young, also spelled Shi-young, or Si-yeong, is a Korean unisex given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 56 hanja with the reading \"shi\" and 85 hanja with the reading \"young\" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names. People with this name include:"}, {"text": "Ibone Lallana del Rio (born 15 May 1976) is a Spanish Taekwondo practitioner, born in Basauri. She won a silver medal in middleweight at the 1999 World Taekwondo Championships, and a bronze medal in welterweight at the 2005 World Taekwondo Championships. She won a silver medal at the 2004 European Taekwondo Championships."}, {"text": "The Rabel Journal of Comparative and International Private Law (: \"Rabels Zeitschrift f\u00fcr ausl\u00e4ndisches und internationales Privatrecht\") is a quarterly law journal that first appeared in 1927 and is published by Mohr Siebeck. Its subject area is comparative and international private law. The journal is named in honour of its founding editor, Ernst Rabel. The journal is based at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law (Hamburg, Germany)."}, {"text": "Isabelle Kabatu (born 1970) is a Belgian operatic soprano with a father from Belgian Congo and a Belgian mother. She has appeared internationally, with a focus on the Italian repertoire such as Verdi's \"La traviata\" and \"Aida\", and Puccini's \"Manon Lescaut\" and \"Tosca\". She appeared as Bess in Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" beginning at the Houston Grand Opera and touring the world. In 2012, she appeared in the world premiere of Franck's early work \"Stradella\". Life. Born in Montignies-sur-Sambre, Kabatu studied voice and at the Royal Conservatories of Belgium in Mons, Brussels and Ghent. She improved her skills with Jessye Norman. She was a laureate of the Queen Elisabeth Competition in May 1992. Kabatu was ranked 12th out of 12 finalists, and two years later, in 1994, she won first prize in the Viotti Competition. That same year, she made her operatic debut in the title role of Verdi's \"La traviata\" in Lisbon. Kabatu furthered her studies at the Conservatory of Nice with in 1995. In 1996, she appeared in a production of the Houston Grand Opera as Bess in a production of Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" that toured to La Scala in Milan, the Op\u00e9ra Bastille in Paris, and"}, {"text": "the Bunkamura of Tokyo. At the Glimmerglass Festival in New York, she had a great success in the title role of Puccini's \"Madama Butterfly\". Her roles also include Verdi's \"Aida\", Amelia in \"Un ballo in maschera\" and Leonora in \"La forza del destino\", Puccini's \"Tosca\" and \"Manon Lescaut\", and Dolly in Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari's \"Sly\", alongside Jos\u00e9 Carreras in the title role, in a production that was recorded. In 1999, she married the director and painter Stefano Giuliani in Ixelles and in 2000 founded with him a lyrical workshop, \"Da Tempesta Company\", to help young artists musicians, singers, scenographers, decorators and visual artists. Since its creation, this workshop has produced about ten operas, often with orchestra. Kabatu won the in Hainaut Province, Belgium, in 2003. She sang Aida in Rome in 2005 and there met the tenor Placido Domingo, with whom she often collaborated. In 2008 she sang Chim\u00e8ne in the new production of Massenet's \"Le Cid\" at the Opernhaus Z\u00fcrich alongside Jos\u00e9 Cura, supervised by Michel Plasson and Nicolas Joel, and in 2009 she performed the role of Madame Lidoine in Poulenc's \"Dialogues des Carm\u00e9lites\" at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Capitole de Toulouse. In September 2012, she played the role of"}, {"text": "L\u00e9onor in the world premiere of Franck's \"Stradella\" at the Op\u00e9ra Royal de Wallonie in Li\u00e8ge."}, {"text": "Kaichar railway station is a halt railway station in Bardhaman\u2013Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Bardhaman\u2013Katwa Road at Kaichar of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History. On 1 December 1915, McLeod's Light Railways set up narrow-gauge lines in the Burdwan-Katwa Railway route. This railway section was handed over to the Eastern Railway in 1966. In 2010 the work started for conversion of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge. Bardhaman to Balogna railway station was reopened in 2014 and Balgona to Katwa section was completed on 12 January 2018 for the public."}, {"text": "Diamond DA20 is a light aircraft. DA20 may also refer to:"}, {"text": "Farid Uddin Chowdhury (; born 25 December 1947) is a teacher, politician and businessman. He was the former Member of Parliament for the Sylhet-5 constituency from 2001 to 2008, representing Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. Early life and education. Chowdhury was born on 25 December 1947 into a Bengali Muslim family in Talbari village, Kanaighat, Sylhet District in East Bengal. His father, Abdul Haq Chowdhury, was a Mawlana. Chowdhury completed his secondary education (dakhil) at the Sylhet Government Alia Madrasah in 1959. He remained in the madrasa where he finished his \"alim\" course in 1963, \"fazil\" in 1965 and \"Kamil\" degree by 1967. He then moved on to study at the Murari Chand College, where he earned his Bachelor of Arts in Bengali language in 1971. Career. Chowdhury began his career as an imam at the Gohorpur Mosque in Balaganj. He later became the principal of the Shahjalal Jamia School in Mirabazar, Sylhet. He is also a noted businessman in Sylhet, serving as the vice chairman of Al Hamra International Shopping Centre and the chairman of An-Noor Properties Limited. Politics. During his time at the Murari Chand College, Chowdhury became the president of the Islami Chatra Sangha, the student-wing of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami"}, {"text": "party, and was also a member of its Central Executive Council. Chowdhury stood up as a candidate of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami for the elections of 1986, 1991 and 1996 but was unsuccessful. During the 2001 Bangladeshi general election, he was elected to parliament for the Sylhet-5 constituency. Transferring to the Jatiya Party, Chowdhury lost his seat in the 2008 Bangladeshi general elections. Controversy. In 2008, Chowdhury was investigated by the International Crimes Tribunal and was accused of being a commander of the Al-Badr paramilitary force. In 2010, he ranked 24th on the list of 40 top war criminals during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. A list was given to the Immigration Police by the Ministry of Home Affairs which also mentioned Chowdhury's name. The Government of Bangladesh also sent lists to various embassies with Chowdhury's name among 40 war criminals."}, {"text": "The Berkshire League is a 8-team athletic conference of high schools, located in Litchfield County, Connecticut. The Berkshire League is a member of the Connecticut Interscholastic Athletic Conference (CIAC). Teams. The Berkshire League is made up of eight member schools from around Litchfield County. The schools tend to be smaller regional schools and the league encompasses all public schools from the county with the exception of New Milford High School, Torrington High School and Watertown High School. Lewis S. Mills High School was a member until the 2019-2020 season, when they decided to join the Central Connecticut Conference due to concerns about declining enrollment and sports-participation at the other schools. Litchfield High School and Wamogo Regional High School merged following the culmination of the 2023-2024 school year. Coop sports. For football, a majority of the Berkshire leagues schools compete as co-ops to field a team. Northwest United consists of Nonnewaug, Oliver Wolcott Technical, Shepaug and Lakeview high schools. Gilbert, Northwestern, and Housatonic compete as GNH, an acronym for the three member schools. In ice hockey, Shepaug Valley, Nonnewaug and Thomaston compete as a co-op. Housatonic Regional, Northwestern, Torrington and Lakeview compete as the other co-op. Sports. The Berkshire League offers"}, {"text": "varsity sports in three seasons: fall, winter, and spring. Fall sports Winter sports Spring sports Notable Alumni. Evan Scribner Dominic Dao Dimmy Tonovan Daniel Dieck Hunter Martocchio Hans Hilpertshauser"}, {"text": "St Laurence's Church is a Church of England parish church in Upwey, Dorset, England. Much of the existing church dates to the late 15th century, with some earlier fabric and later additions of the 19th and 20th centuries. It is a Grade II* listed building. History. It is believed that a church has existed at Upwey, on a site near the Wishing Well, since before the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The earliest reference to a church of St Laurence dates to 1201, with the first known priest being John Wydeston in 1267. The existing church largely dates from the late 15th century, with elements of the nave, north aisle, west tower and north porch dating to this period. Earlier fragments dating to the 13th or 14th century have been recorded. A west gallery was added to the church in 1685, followed by a south one during the early 19th century and a north one in 1834. The south aisle and arcade were added in 1838, followed by the clerestorey in 1841. By the late 19th century, the church was in need of renovation and fundraising began in 1889, led by the rector, Rev. Frederick Broke Howell. Mr. John"}, {"text": "Thomas Micklethwaite of Westminster drew up the plans and Mr. Samuel Barnes of Broadwey hired as the contractor. The church closed on 16 March 1891 and was reopened by the Bishop of Salisbury, the Right Rev. John Wordsworth, on 10 August 1891. The restoration cost \u00a3890 and included general repairs, new flooring, the removal of all three galleries and installation of new pews of English oak. Once restoration work was completed, further fundraising began towards a new chancel, vestry and organ chamber. The church was also in need of a new organ to replace the existing one of 1685 and the bells required recasting. An organ built by William Sweetland of Bath was added to the church in 1895. By the time of Rev. Howell's death in 1901, approximately \u00a3700 had been raised towards an extension of the church. In 1906, his successor, Rev. Canon Gildea, sought the expertise of Messrs Crickmay and Sons of Weymouth on the existing chancel, which was found to be dilapidated and unstable. Plans were drawn up by the architects for a new chancel, along with the desired vestry and organ chamber. Work began in September 1906 and was carried out by men of the"}, {"text": "village, under the supervision of Rev. Gildea. The windows and any savable stonework from the old chancel was reused in the new additions, while the 14th-century chancel arch was moved to the east end of the south aisle. The new additions, which cost an approximate \u00a31,000, were dedicated by the Bishop of Salisbury on 24 June 1907. In 1912, the church's four bells were recast and two new ones added. Upwey, including St Laurence's, suffered flooding damage in July 1955 when rainfall of 7.14 inches fell in 24 hours and swept down into the village. The effects of the flooding can still be seen on the lower part of the pews. An extension of the churchyard was made in 1964 and consecrated on 6 October 1965. In 2008\u201311, restoration of the church's windows was carried out for an approximate cost of \u00a360,000. Architecture. St Laurence's is largely built of Upwey and Portland stone. The roofings are of different materials: the nave of slate, the porch of stone slate, the chancel of tiles, and the aisles and vestry of lead. The church is made up of a four-bay nave, north and south aisles, chancel, west tower, north porch and vestry. The"}, {"text": "tower clock dates to the early 19th century and was restored in 1912. The church has six bells: two dated 1617, one dated 1767, another dating to the 18th century, and two dating to 1912. Internal fittings include the pews of 1891, a 17th-century seven-sided pulpit on a stone base of 1891 and a 15th-century octagonal stone font (later recut). The chancel's east window, incorporated from the old chancel, contains fragments of 17th-century glass. Churchyard. In 1997, a number of monuments in the churchyard became Grade II listed:"}, {"text": "Joan McBreen (born 1944), is an Irish poet. Her work has been translated into many languages and appears in a number of anthologies. Biography. Joan McBreen was born in 1944. She qualified as a primary school teacher, and in 1997 was awarded an MA from University College, Dublin. McBreen is involved with a number of literary festivals in Ireland. She has assisted at Yeats International Summer School and has been part of Clifden Arts Week, the C\u00fairt International Festival of Literature, which is held in Galway, and Listowel Writers\u2019 Week. Since 2007 McBreen has been a Literary Advisor and Co-ordinator of the Oliver St. John Gogarty Literary Festival. She has also traveled to give readings and lectures in Illinois, Massachusetts, Georgia, Kentucky, Nebraska, Iowa, Alabama, Minnesota and Missouri. McBreen lives in both Tuam and Renvyle, County Galway."}, {"text": "Daria Kasatkina was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Dayana Yastremska. Belinda Bencic won the title, defeating Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the final, 3\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20131. By defeating Kristina Mladenovic in the semifinals, Bencic qualified and earned the final berth for the 2019 WTA Finals, overtaking both Kiki Bertens and Serena Williams in the WTA race. Seeds. The top four seeds received a bye into the second round."}, {"text": "Folke Olof Ragnar Herolf (11 November 1912 \u2013 20 August 1982) was a Swedish Army officer. He served as commanding officer of the Quartermaster Corps of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1968 to 1973. Early life. Herolf was born on 11 November 1912 in H\u00e4ssj\u00f6 Parish, Timr\u00e5 Municipality, Sweden, the son of Olof Nilsson, a chief engineer, and his wife Alfhild (n\u00e9e Fliesberg). He passed \"studentexamen\" in Sundsvall in 1932. Career. Herolf was commissioned as an officer and assigned as a second lieutenant to Skaraborg Regiment (I 9) in 1936. Herolf passed the quartermaster examination in 1942 after which he served regimental quartermaster in the Life Regiment Hussars (K 3) from 1942 to 1945. He was promoted to captain in 1943 and served in the Army Staff from 1945 to 1948. Herolf served as section chief in the Royal Swedish Army Supply Administration from 1948 to 1954 when he was promoted to major. He then served as quartermaster in the II Military District from 1954 to 1957. Herolf was head of the Operating Section (\"Driftsektionen\") in the \"F\u00f6rpl\u00e4gnadsbyr\u00e5n\" (\"Catering Bureau\") in the Royal Swedish Army Supply Administration from 1957 to 1958, promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1958 and was head"}, {"text": "of the Military Section in the \"Centralbyr\u00e5n\" (\"Central Bureau\") in the Royal Swedish Army Supply Administration from 1958 to 1963. From 1963 to 1965, Herolf was chief of staff of the Head Office in the Swedish Army Quartermaster Corps, after which he was promoted to colonel in 1965 and served as head of the Food Bureau in the Quartermaster Administration of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1965 to 1968. In 1968, Herolf was promoted to senior colonel and served as commanding officer of the Quartermaster Corps of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1968 to 1973. Personal life. In 1939, he married Elisabeth Edlund (born 1915), the daughter of Torsten Edlund and Bertha Str\u00f6m. They had two children; Madeleine (born 1941) and Dag (born 1945). Death. Herolf died on 20 August 1982 in Kungsholm Parish, Stockholm."}, {"text": "Anti-poaching is the organised act to counter the poaching of wildlife. However, it is generally used to describe an overall effort against the illegal wildlife trade. The act of anti-poaching is normally carried out by national parks on public land and by private security companies on privately owned land. Anti-poaching takes many forms and which depends mainly upon the habitat being protected. Typically, it is the act of actively patrolling land in an effort to prevent poachers from reaching the animals. Rangers. The most basic level of anti-poaching are the on-site rangers. They are thought of as the first line of defence against the illegal wildlife trade. Rangers typically form squads, usually four men, filling complementary roles. These roles vary depending on the sophistication of the squads. In most situations, rangers are equipped with the bare necessities; a firearm, and a simple uniform. However, in recent times due to the popularity wildlife protection many organisations have been able to obtain the funding to equip their rangers. Rangers perform varied tasks in their daily duties. Patrols make up the majority of a rangers time. Different organisations adopt different strategies to patrols, which is typically based on the animals under their protection."}, {"text": "Rangers only protecting a few animals may be tasked with protecting one per squad. This only occurs for large mammals as generally other animals are difficult to track each new day, to make this task easier tracking devices are employed. For smaller animals, or to protect all animals in a given area rangers patrol the boundaries of the areas. Technology. Technology is important to most anti-poaching groups as they are used as a force multiplier to protect large areas with only a small employ. A broad array of technological solutions have been trialed particularly in private game reserves and the Kruger National Park. Camera traps are commonly used throughout the world by rangers as a way to monitor wildlife and detect poacher presence. These provide critical post-hoc data to understanding poaching routes and intensity however increasingly in recent times they are deployed as connected units to provide real-time updates from the protected areas to ranger units. Military operations. The British Army launched Operation Corded in 2018 to provide support to rangers and anti-poaching programs in Southern Africa. Notable anti-poaching organisations. The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) is a Kenyan state corporation that was established in 1989 to conserve and manage Kenya's"}, {"text": "wildlife. It is established under an Act of Parliament Cap 376 (The Wildlife Conservation and Management (Amendment 1989) Act) with the mandate to conserve and manage wildlife in Kenya, and to enforce related laws and regulations. It manages the biodiversity of the country, protecting and conserving the flora and fauna. The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) is a non-profit, marine conservation organization based in the United States however operating globally throughout International waters to prevent illegal fishing and whaling. The tactics of Sea Shepherd have been opposed, even by some who denounce whaling, such as Greenpeace."}, {"text": "Si-eun, also spelled Shi-eun, is a Korean gender neutral given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 56 hanja with the reading \"shi\" and 33 hanja with the reading \"eun\" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names. People. People with this name include: Fictional characters. Fictional characters with this name include:"}, {"text": "The 2020 New York Excelsior season was the third season of New York Excelsior's (NYXL) existence in the Overwatch League and their first under head coach Jeong \"imt\" Yong-cheol. New York planned to host two homestand weekends in the 2020 season at the Hammerstein Ballroom in the Manhattan Center. While the first homestand took place, all other homestand events were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Preceding offseason. Organizational changes. On October 21, 2019, New York parted ways with head coach Ty \"Pavane\" Hyun-sang, as he joined the London Spitfire as an assistant coach. Pavane had been with the team since its inception and led them to a 56\u201312 regular season record over his career with the team. In his replacement, New York promoted assistant coach Jeong \"imt\" Yong-cheol as their new head coach on November 19. On December 1, NYXL signed former Seoul Dynasty assistant coach Lee \"WhyNot\" Ju-hyub as an assistant coach. Roster changes. The Excelsior enter the new season with one free agents, one players which they have the option to retain for another year, and seven players under contract. The OWL's deadline to exercise a team option is November 11, after which any players not retained"}, {"text": "will become a free agent. Free agency officially began on October 7. Acquisitions. NYXL's first offseason acquisition was on February 15, when the team announced the signing of former Guangzhou Charge off-tank Choi \"HOTBA\" Hong-jun. The following week, the team promoted off-tank Kim \"BiaNcA\" Dong-wook from their academy team, XL2 Academy. On November 26, New York signed support player Kim \"Mandu\" Chan-hee from Korean Contenders team O2 Blast. The following week, on December 4, the team signed DPS player Lee \"WhoRU\" Seung-joon from Fusion University. Departures. On October 8, the Excelsior announced that they would not pick up their option to keep DPS Yeon-Oh \"Fl0w3r\" Hwang on the roster another year. A week later, the team announced that they would not re-sign off-tank Kim \"MekO\" Tae Hong, who had been with the team since their inception in 2017. On December 6, the team announced that DPS player Kim \"Pine\" Do-hyeon had retired from professional \"Overwatch\" and would become a streamer for NYXL."}, {"text": ", also known as The Low Tier Character \"Tomozaki-kun\", is a Japanese light novel series written by Y\u016bki Yaku and illustrated by Fly. Shogakukan has published the series since May 2016 under their Gagaga Bunko imprint. A manga adaptation with art by Eight Chida was serialized in Square Enix's \"sh\u014dnen\" manga magazine \"Monthly Gangan Joker\" from December 2017 to February 2021. It has been collected in six volumes. The light novel is licensed in North America by Yen Press. An anime television series adaptation produced by Project No.9 aired from January to March 2021. A second season aired from January to March 2024. Plot. Fumiya Tomozaki is a high school student who is on top of the leaderboards of the popular online game \"Attack Families\" under the in-game handle \"nanashi\". A social outcast, he regards \"Attack Families\" as a \"godly game\" that has perfect balance where equal amounts of effort is rewarded with equal amounts of success. In contrast, he considers real life to be a \"trash game\". One day following a match against the number two player \"NO NAME\", they agree to meet in person. When they do so, Tomozaki is surprised to find out NO NAME is actually"}, {"text": "a classmate of his named Aoi Hinami. Taken aback that Tomozaki is nanashi, Hinami decides to help him overcome his issues. Tomozaki is a high school student who has been living as a social outcast at school. Due to his success in \"Attack Families\", he often compares both his real life and gaming life. His perspectives begins to change as it is revealed to him that his perfect classmate Aoi Hinami, who all along has been trailing behind him at second place on \"Attack Families\"' leaderboards, regards real life as a winnable game and offers to be his walkthrough. He has a younger sister. Hinami is Tomozaki's classmate who has been regarded as a perfect existence. She essentially excels at everything she does, whether socially, academically or in sports by leading her own class clique, topping the school in grades and excelling at track and field competitions, all while maintaining a likable personality. Behind the scenes, she puts in a terrifying amount of hard work, and is a strong believer of concrete, dedicated effort in order to succeed at everything. Hinami is also an avid fan of \"Attack Families\", where she goes by \"NO NAME\", and hugely respects \"nanashi\" who"}, {"text": "she could not surpass despite her efforts in analyzing his playstyle and perfecting her defense techniques. She later becomes the student council president of their school. Nicknamed \"Mimimi\" by her friends and \"Minmi\" by Tama, she is an energetic, mischievous and popular classmate of Tomozaki who is in the track and field club with Hinami. While maintaining a cheerful demeanor, she has insecurities about herself and her personality that gives in easily to not ruin the mood. Mimimi has been persistent in pestering the lonely Tama into being her friend, and thus eventually established a close friendship with her. Despite her goofy appearance, she also excels at both studies and sports, yet is unable to dethrone Hinami, who perpetually holds first place. She ran against Hinami in the student council election but lost. F\u016bka is a reserved and book-loving classmate of Tomozaki who often spends time at the library. She initially took interest in Tomozaki under the misunderstanding that they both share an interest in the same author, whereas Tomozaki only used those books as a cover while doing strategic reviews on \"Attack Families\" in the library. Tomozaki comes forward and admits the misunderstanding, and despite that still resolves to"}, {"text": "try to read and understand the books F\u016bka loves, as they develop a friendship on it. Hinami initially identifies F\u016bka as the best prospect for Tomozaki to capture as a girlfriend, and has created multiple situations in order for Tomozaki to confess to clear his goal. She and Tomozaki end up dating. Nicknamed \"Tama\" by her friends, she is a blunt and unsociable classmate of Tomozaki. Tama is especially close to Mimimi as Mimimi was the first to try and break through her barriers and befriend her, and they hold each other dear. Her blunt nature often leaves her disliked and, once, got her into trouble as she openly condemned Erika's actions of harassment and bullying, thus making her the target of bullying herself. As she suffers from bullying, Tomozaki, Mizusawa, Takei and F\u016bka, among others, decided to step in to help her develop social skills. Izumi is a social and empathetic classmate of Tomozaki who is a part of Erika's clique. As someone who dislikes conflict, she is often unwilling to stand up to Erika's unreasonable actions. Izumi was Tomozaki's first target to befriend to grow his interpersonal skills as she sits beside him in class. Izumi is in"}, {"text": "love with Nakamura, and has enlisted Tomozaki's help to teach her how to play \"Attack Families\" in order to become Nakamura's practice partner. Mizusawa is a popular, gregarious and good-looking classmate of Tomozaki who is a part of Nakamura's clique, as is often considered as the smartest and most level-headed member of the group. He often attracts the attention of girls and is an extremely smooth talker, as he is Tomozaki's role model on the way he speaks. Nakamura is a domineering classmate of Tomozaki, who is the de facto leader of his own clique. He is overly competitive and petty when he loses, as shown when he loses to Tomozaki on \"Attack Families\", dismissing his loss as a stroke of bad luck while practicing hard in order to win in a revenge match. He eventually accepts Tomozaki as part of his clique after acknowledging his strengths. Takei is a cheerful and airheaded classmate of Tomozaki, who is often the mood maker of Nakamura's clique. Considered as the densest member of the clique, he is often excluded from strategic meetings such as when they were planning a camping trip to get Nakamura and Izumi together. He loves to take the"}, {"text": "center of attention as he often volunteers to take class positions, and often entertains others with his spontaneous acts. Erika is a classmate of Tomozaki's who is the queen bee of the class. Once someone gets on her bad side, she will start to bully them. Narita is a coworker of Tomozaki and Mizusawa's who has a lazy personality. Media. Light novels. \"Bottom-tier Character Tomozaki\" is written by Y\u016bki Yaku and illustrated by Fly. Shogakukan began publishing the series under their Gagaga Bunko imprint on May 18, 2016. Eleven volumes have been released as of January 18, 2024. Yen Press has licensed the series in North America. The first volume was published on July 30, 2019. The English translation was done by Winifred Bird. Starting with volume 9, the novels were translated by Jennifer Ward. Manga. A manga adaptation illustrated by Eight Chida was serialized in Square Enix's \"Monthly Gangan Joker\" from December 22, 2017, to February 22, 2021. Its chapters were collected in six volumes. The manga adaptation is licensed digitally in North America by Comikey. A spin-off manga series, illustrated by Bana Yoshida, titled , started in Shogakukan's \"MangaONE\" app and \"Monthly Sunday Gene-X\" magazine on July 18,"}, {"text": "2020. The series focuses on the character Minami Nanami. It finished in \"Monthly Sunday Gene-X\" on January 19, 2023. Its chapters were collected in three volumes. The series is also licensed in English by Yen Press. Anime. An anime adaptation was announced by Y\u016bki Yaku and Gagaga Bunko on October 11, 2019, which was later confirmed to be a television series on March 21, 2020. The series was animated by Project No.9 and directed by Shinsuke Yanagi, with Fumihiko Shimo handling series composition, and Akane Yano designing the characters. Hiromi Mizutani composed the music. The 12-episode series aired from January 8 to March 26, 2021, on AT-X, Tokyo MX, and BS11. The opening theme song is , while the ending theme song is , both performed by Dialogue+. An OVA is bundled with the third Blu-ray and DVD volume of the series, which was released on May 7, 2021. Another OVA is bundled with the fourth Blu-ray and DVD volume of the series, which was released on June 2, 2021. Funimation licensed the series and streamed it on its website in North America and the British Isles, in Europe through Wakanim, and in Australia and New Zealand through AnimeLab. On"}, {"text": "March 11, 2021, Funimation announced the series would receive an English dub, with the first episode premiering the next day. Following Sony's acquisition of Crunchyroll, the series was moved to Crunchyroll. In Southeast Asia, the series has been simulcast on Aniplus Asia. On January 14, 2022, it was announced that a new anime project was green-lit, which was later confirmed to be a 13-episode second season, titled \"Bottom-tier Character Tomozaki 2nd Stage,\" with the cast and staff from the previous season reprising their roles. It aired from January 3 to March 27, 2024. The opening theme song is , while the ending theme song is , both performed again by Dialogue+. Part of the story in the fourth volume of the novel series was trimmed to leave more time for the story afterwards. Reception. The light novel series ranked eighth in 2017, seventh in 2018 and third in 2019 and 2020 in Takarajimasha's annual light novel guide book \"Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi!\", in the \"bunkobon\" category."}, {"text": "\u00c9lise Trynkler (born 19 December 1992) is a French athlete. She competed in the women's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships."}, {"text": "Karestan Chase Koenen (born June 23, 1968) is an American epidemiologist and Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. She is also the head of the Global Neuropsychiatric Genomics Initiative of the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at the Broad Institute. She is a fellow of the American Psychopathological Association and a former president of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. In 2015, she received the Robert S. Laufer, PhD, Memorial Award for Outstanding Scientific Achievement from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies."}, {"text": "Katharina Caroline \"Caro\" Daur (born 12 March 1995) is a German fashion influencer and model. Biography. Daur was born on 12 March 1995 in Hamburg, Germany and grew up in Seevetal. She began fashion blogging in 2014, launching \"CaroDaur.com\". Since the start of her blog, she has become a notable international fashion influencer. Through her blog, she has partnered with companies like Adidas, Dolce & Gabbana, Fendi or Valentino. She also worked on global campaigns for MAC Cosmetics, APM, and Dolce & Gabbana. In 2015, she was a recipient of the New Faces Award by \"Bunte\" in the fashion digital category. In May 2017, she was honored as an Idol of the Year at the About You Awards. Daur released the Boss curated by Caro Daur collection in fall 2020 in cooperation with Hugo Boss. With Adidas and Zalando, she released a period leggings in 2021. In addition to fashion, Daur is also a fitness influencer and has been publishing workout videos on the video platform YouTube since October 2019. In 2020, she wrote the e-book \"DaurPower\". Reception. Daur was named \"one of the most influential Germans\" by the trade magazine Werben und Verkaufen in 2017. In 2017, Daur reportedly"}, {"text": "received a warning and subjected to a tax audit for violating the advertising labeling requirement on a sponsored post. During the time, \"Manager Magazin\" conducted an interview with her, in which Daur evaded answering questions regarding sponsored content and the labeling requirement for her advertising. According to Statista, she was the fashion influencer with the second most followers on Instagram in Germany in 2017 - after Leonie Hanne. In 2021, Daur ranked third among the most valuable influencers - after Hanne and Pamela Reif."}, {"text": "Ellie Beer (born 3 January 2003) is an Australian athlete. She competed in the women's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Beer was a member of the Australian team that competed in the women's 4 x 400 metre relay. The team of Kendra Hubbard and Annaliese Rubie-Renshaw and Bendere Oboya finished 7th in their heat and did not contest the final. Early life. Beer was born on the Gold Coast and attended Marymount College throughout her upbringing. At six years old, she joined Gold Coast Little Athletics and Nippers at Currumbin Surf Club. She went undefeated in state and national beach sprints in her age group. By the age of 14, in 2017, Beer had already clocked 54.83 in the 400m and on the beach won the Australian under-14 flags and beach sprint titles. Achievements. As a 15 year old, Beer won the national U16 200m/400m double and in December 2018 the national U16 200m/400m double, closing the year with Personal Best (PB) times of 23.94/53.55. In the 2019 summer she won the Australian U17 200/400m double, but her major achievement was winning the Brisbane Track Classic 400m in"}, {"text": "a 0.9 seconds PB time of 52.53 to become the fourth fastest U18 in Australian history. Beer was selected in the Australian team for the 2019 World Relays. She was part of the team that came fifth in the final. She was selected in the Australian team for the 2019 World Championships. At the age of 16 years and 268 days, Beer was the youngest ever Australian selected for the championships. Running her leg in a time of 52.0 seconds, Beer helped the Australian team to 3:28.64 and qualification for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. Domestically in 2021, at 18, she is the second best in Australia behind world championships semi-finalist Bendere Oboya. By mid way through 2024 Ellie had a new PB and Australian 400m lead, running 51.59 in Adelaide in April."}, {"text": "The Carpentaria Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline connecting the gas fields to the city of Mount Isa in Queensland, Australia. It is long between the Ballera gas plant in the Eromanga Basin in southwestern Queensland and Mount Isa, a significant mining community in northwestern Queensland. It was originally built to carry gas from the gas fields in the Eromanga Basin to the industrial areas around Mount Isa. Since 2018 it can also operate to carry gas from the Northern Territory via the Northern Gas Pipeline south to markets along the eastern seaboard of Australia. The supply points of the pipeline are Mica Creek Power Station, Diamantina Power Station, Mount Isa Mines, Century Mine, Phosphate Hill Power Station, and via the Cannington Lateral, Cannington Mine and Osborne, Queensland. The Australian Pipeline Trust (a predecessor of APA Group) acquired full ownership of the pipeline in 2004. It had previously owned a 70% share with the rest owned by Santos, Delhi Petroleum and Origin Energy."}, {"text": "Christa Eka Assam is a Cameroonian film actress and director. Her work in Cameroonian cinema has been critically acclaimed. A self taught actress, Eka decided to become one during 2008. Best Cameroonian Actress 2008-2023 Filmography. Eka also produced, directed and wrote Beleh and Alma."}, {"text": "Subha Venkatesan (born 31 August 1999) is an Indian athlete. She competed in the women's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships. In July 2021, she was selected for representing India at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the mixed 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay. She was part of the women's 4 \u00d7 400 m relay Indian team along with Vithya Ramraj, Aishwarya Mishra and Prachi Choudhary that won silver at the 2022 Asian Games. She also won a silver medal in the 4 x 400m mixed relay event along with Vithya Ramraj, Muhammad Ajmal and Rajesh Ramesh."}, {"text": "Fanette Humair (born 8 October 1991) is a Swiss athlete. She competed in the women's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships."}, {"text": "Bankapasi railway station is a railway station in Bardhaman\u2013Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside Bardhaman\u2013Katwa Road at Bankapasi of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History. On 1 December 1915, McLeod's Light Railways (MLR) set up narrow-gauge lines in the Burdwan-Katwa Railway route. This railway section was handed over to the Eastern Railway in 1966. In 2010 the work started for conversion of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge. Bardhaman to Balogna railway station was reopened in 2014 and Balgona to Katwa section was completed on 12 January 2018 for the public."}, {"text": "Rachel Pellaud (born 8 March 1995) is a Swiss athlete. She competed in the women's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships."}, {"text": "Eon, also spelled On, or Un, Ohn, Uhn is a single-syllable Korean given name, and an element in two-syllable Korean given names. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write it. In given names. People. People with this name include: Hanja and meanings. There are 14 hanja with the reading \"eon\" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names. Though, only 7 of these are routinely used. As name element. The character \"eon\" is uncommon in given names; it is exceedingly rare as the first character and thus, it happens to be found as the second syllable in most existing names. The most common are:"}, {"text": "An L\u1ed9c may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:"}, {"text": "Malo-Boriskovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2010. Geography. Malo-Boriskovo is located 11 km northeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khlamovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Blessing Oladoye (born 4 September 2000) is a Nigerian athlete. She competed in the women's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships. In 2019, she won the gold medal in the women's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco."}, {"text": "Yevgeni Gennadyevich Averyanov (; born 31 March 1979) is a Russian football manager and a former player. Playing career. He made his professional debut in the 1996 Russian Third League for FC Trubnik Kamensk-Uralsky. He then played for 11 seasons (more than 300 games in all competitions) for FC Ural Yekaterinburg. Even though the club spent 12 seasons in the Russian Premier League, Averyanov mostly represented it in the third-tier PFL. He retired relatively early due to injury. Coaching career. On 8 August 2022, Averyanov was appointed caretaker manager of FC Ural Yekaterinburg."}, {"text": "Maslenka () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Maslenka is located 41 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zeleni is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Abike Funmilola Egbeniyi (born 23 October 1994) is a Nigerian athlete. She competed in the women's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships."}, {"text": "Menchakovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 88 as of 2010. There are 4 streets. Geography. Menchakovo is located on the Irmes River, 10 km northwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Romanovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Shi, also spelled Si, or Shie, Shee, Sie, Sea, See, is an uncommon Korean surname, an element in two-syllable Korean given names. As given name meaning differs based on the hanja used to write it. There are 56 Hanja with the reading \"shi\" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names. In Given names. Given names formed with the syllable \"Shi(Si)\" include: People. People with the first syllable Shi(Si) include:"}, {"text": "Mordysh () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 545 as of 2010. There are 21 streets. Geography. Mordysh is located on the right bank of the Nerl River, southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zapolitsy is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Nikulskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 42 as of 2010. There are 5 streets. Geography. Nikulskoye is located 31 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Klementyevo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Novaya Derevnya () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 14 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Novaya Derevnya is located 31 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kutukovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Novgorodskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 23 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Novgorodskoye is located 39 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khotenskoye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Latifur Rahman is a politician of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Chapai Nawabganj-3 constituency. Career. Ahmed was elected to parliament from Chapai Nawabganj-3 as a Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami candidate in 1986 and 1991. He was defeated by participating in the national elections of the 12 June 1996, 2001 and 2008 Bangladeshi general election as a Jamaat-e-Islami candidate."}, {"text": "Novoalexandrovo () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,219 as of 2010. There are 13 streets. Geography. Novoalexandrovo is located 35 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Olikovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Irina Ivanova (born 19 April 1996) is a Russian athlete. She competed in the women's pole vault event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships."}, {"text": "Novoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Bogolyubovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,783 as of 2010. There are 32 streets. Geography. Novoye is located 2 km west of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Suzdal is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "The Northwestern Lumberman was a nineteenth-century American monthly trade magazine devoted to the lumber industry. It was the first lumber trade paper in America. Over the years it grew in size and scope, with several name changes, and still exists today. History. The magazine was first published in Bay City, Michigan, in 1872 as the first lumber trade paper in America, called the \"Lumbermen's Gazette.\" It was first established by William B Judson. He moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1873 and changed the name to the \"Michigan Lumberman\" for volume 1. There was one issue of the journal printed in Grand Rapids. The publishing company then moved to Muskegon, Michigan and published the next eleven issues of the volume. The second volume began publication in January 1874 at Chicago. The name was then changed from the \"Michigan Lumberman\" to the \"Northwestern Lumberman.\" The publisher of the magazine was incorporated in 1877 as the Lumberman Publishing Company and worked under a charter until 1880. The charter was then disbanded and the publication was continued as a private enterprise. The magazine had several works associated with it, among which were the \"Lumberman's Hand Book, the Pocket Reference Book,\" and the \"Lumberman's"}, {"text": "Telegraphic Code.\" The magazine had a subscription list of about 25,000 and sold an additional 5,000 copies over the counter. The originally monthly magazine form published in 1873 through 1875 of eight to twelve pages was changed in 1876 to a sixteen-page weekly periodical. It since expanded further in the 1880s and 1890s to a size varying from 52 to 64 pages. The magazine was sold mostly through the United States while some subscriptions were sold throughout the world. The \"Northwestern Lumberman\" and \"The Timberman\" magazines merged on January 1, 1899, into one publication known as the \"American Lumberman\". The magazine then became \"Building Materials Merchandiser\" in 1961 and in 1972 became \"Home Center magazine\", which still exists."}, {"text": "Novokamenskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 135 as of 2010. There are 5 streets. Geography. Novokamenskoye is located 23 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tsibeyevo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Won is a single-syllable Korean given name, and an element in many two-syllable Korean given names. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write it. There are 47 hanja with the reading \"won\" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names. In given names. Given names formed with the syllable \"Won\" include: People. People with the syllable \"Won\" include:"}, {"text": "\"Do It or Die\" is a song by Atlanta Rhythm Section. It was released as a single in 1979 from their album Underdog. The song was a top 20 hit on both the Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary charts, peaking at No. 19 and No. 11 respectively."}, {"text": "Novosyolka () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 10 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Novosyolka is located 4 km west from Novoalexandrovo, 33 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pustoy Yaroslavl is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Taika Koilahti (born 4 December 1998) is a Finnish athlete. She competed in the women's long jump event at the 2019 World Athletics Championships."}, {"text": "Novosyolka Nerlskaya () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 30 as of 2010. There are 8 streets. Geography. Novosyolka Nerlskaya is located on the Nerl River, 8 km east of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kideksha is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "The 2020 Paris Eternal season was the second season of Paris Eternal's existence in the Overwatch League and their first under head coach Yun \"Rush\" Hee-won. The Eternal planned to host three homestand weekends in the 2020 season at Z\u00e9nith Paris in Paris, France, but all homestand matches were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 24 October, the Eternal signed former Element Mystic head coach Yun \"Rush\" Hee-won as their new head coach. The Eternal won their first ever tournament championship on 6 July after taking down the San Francisco Shock in the Summer Showdown finals. Paris finished the regular season with 15 wins, 4 bonus wins from midseason tournaments, and 6 losses to claim the third seed in the North America season playoffs; however, a 0\u20133 loss to the Washington Justice on 6 September in the North America playoffs ended their season. Preceding offseason. Organizational changes. In October 2019, Paris Eternal parted ways with Felix \"F\u00e9f\u00e9\" Munch, who joined the team as their head coach midway through their inaugural season, assistant coach Kyle \"KyKy\" Souder, and manager Alban \"Albless\" de la Grange. The team signed Kim \"NineK\" Beom-hoon, former assistant coach of the San Francisco Shock, as a"}, {"text": "coach two days later, although the team did not specify whether he would serve as the team's head coach or assistant coach. On 24 October, the Eternal announced the acquisition of the former Element Mystic head coach Yun \"Rush\" Hee-won as their new head coach. In addition, the team also picked up former Shanghai Dragons and Element Mystic assistant coach Jeong \"Levi\" Chung-Hyeok and former Toronto Defiant support player Go \"Aid\" Jae-yoon as assistant coaches. On 10 December, Eternal signed former Washington Justice coach Kyoung-Ey \"AVALLA\" Kim as their assistant general manager. Roster changes. The Eternal enter the new season with no free agents, six players which they have the option to retain for another year, and four players under contract. The OWL's deadline to exercise a team option is 11 November, after which any players not retained will become a free agent. Free agency officially began on 7 October. Acquisitions. The Eternal's first offseason acquisition was on 24 October, when they signed former Element DPS player Mystic Kim \"SP9RK1E\" Young-han, one of the most sought after free agents of the offseason. SP9RK1E will not be eligible to play until 31 May 2020, when he turns 18. The following day,"}, {"text": "the team picked up two more former Element Mystic players in DPS Jung \"Xzi\" Kihyo and tank Choi \"Hanbin\" Han-bin. On 23 November, Paris signed former Hangzhou Spark tank player Jeong \"NoSmite\" Da-Un. The team signed tank player Eoghan \"Smex\" O'Neill from Montreal Rebellion on 3 December. Paris rounded out their roster on 7 January with the signing of support player Brice \"FDGod\" Mons\u00e7avoir. Departures. On 23 October, the Eternal announced that they would not exercise their option to retain DPS George \"ShaDowBurn\" Gushcha, DPS Karol \"Danye\" Szcze\u015bniak, main tank Roni \"lhcloudy\" Tiihonen, and off-tank Finnbj\u00f6rn \"Finnsi\" J\u00f3nasson for the upcoming season. Roster. Transactions. Transactions of/for players on the roster during the 2020 regular season:"}, {"text": "Novy () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,359 as of 2010. There are 5 streets. Geography. Novy is located 2 km west of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Suzdal is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Obrashchikha () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 87 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Obrashchikha is located 26 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novokamenskoye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "\"Alien\" is a song by Atlanta Rhythm Section. It was released as a single in 1981 from their album Quinella. It is in the key of F-minor. The song was the band's final Top 40 hit, peaking at No. 29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It reached the top 20 on \"Billboard\"'s Adult Contemporary and Rock charts, peaking at No. 16 and No. 18, respectively. Overall, it is their final charted single."}, {"text": "Cartonplast is a trademark that was first given by Covema spa (Italy) in the early seventies to a specific model of extrusion line manufactured and sold world wide by the aforesaid. In subsequent years such name was used as well to identify the product made by a Cartonplast extrusion line that is to say plastic corrugated sheet as well known as plastic hollow profile sheet or plastic twin wall sheet. The main raw material used to manufacture Cartonplast sheets are PP (polypropylene) and PET (Polyethylene terephthalate). The Cartonplast extrusion is carried out by using a unique front spinneret plate applied to a flat T-die equipped with restrictor bar (this technology was invented and patented by Marco Terragni during the seventies) to enable using thermoplastic polymers with different MFI (range 0.9 to 3). History. Marco Terragni started to work on this technology in 1970 with an engineering team of Riap spa and he patented it in 1974. In the year 1991 there was big development of this technology when Y.C. Wang of Formosa Plastics Corp, of Taiwan, was meeting Terragni and discussing with him the foundation of the biggest Cartonplast factory worldwide to be installed in Lolita, Texas. In 1992 Wang"}, {"text": "and Terragni signed deal for the supply of 15 Cartonplast extrusion lines for the Lolita Plant (Inteplast Group) that still today is manufacturing Cartonplast sheets under the registered trade name of Intepro or Coroplast. Cartonplast extrusion lines are still today manufactured by company Agripak S.r.l of Milan, Italy. Cartonplast feature. Cartonplast sheets is lightweight (hollow structure), non-toxic, waterproof, shockproof, long-lasting material that resists corrosion. Compared with cardboard, Cortoplast has the advantages of being waterproof and colorfast. The Cartonplast composition can be altered to add anti-static properties using the masterbatch technique. This particular masterbatch produces a conductive, anti-static plastic hollow board sheet. (Conductive plate surface resistivity can be controlled between 103 \u2248105; anti-static sheet surface resistivity can be controlled between 106 \u22481011.) Applications. Cartonplast is sturdy, light, resilient, and inexpensive, making it ideal for the fabrication of reusable plastic boxes, reusable box pallets, reusable payer pads, partitions walls, facades, beam forms, advertising panels, point of sales and many others among which even small boats. Modifying cartonplast sheets. Cartonplast sheets can be modified by adding foaming agents, colors, anti UV, antistatic additives and flame retardant. External links. Di Luca Cecchetto, Gianluigi Romeo."}, {"text": "The Sean Collier Memorial is a large abstract environmental sculpture located on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was designed by MIT faculty and students in memory of Sean Collier, a member of MIT Campus Police, who had been killed at the site by the Boston Marathon bombers on April 18, 2013. The project was proposed, designed, funded, fabricated, and installed in less than two years, and formally dedicated on April 29, 2015. History. A spontaneous, temporary improvised memorial of flowers, messages, and small objects appeared shortly after news of Collier's death. The MIT community wanted to create a permanent memorial, and assembled a committee of students, faculty, and police officers. A public call for ideas was put out in June 2013. The final design for the memorial was unveiled in April 2014, allowing only a year for fabrication of components and construction. J. Meejin Yoon, then head of the MIT Department of Architecture, led the team which conceived the overall shape and design. Essential structural engineering design was done by MacArthur Prize professor John Ochsendorf and his students. The construction was performed on a tight schedule by Boston-based Suffolk Construction, coordinated by their"}, {"text": "project manager Rob Rogers, who was also a stepbrother of the slain officer. On April 29, 2015, MIT held special ceremonies dedicating the memorial. MIT President Rafael Reif observed that the memorial represented the community coming together after tragedy: \"We are held together by invisible forces too\". Architecture. The memorial consists of 32 massive granite blocks precision-shaped under computer numerical control, and fitted together into a shallow open domed arch with 5 radial support wings splayed out like fingers of an open hand. This shape is a reference to the MIT motto \"Mens et Manus\" (Mind and Hand), and to Collier's spirit of helpfulness. The granite material honors Collier's love of hiking through the nearby White Mountains (New Hampshire) with the MIT Outing Club (MITOC). The architect, J. Meejin Yoon, has written that the heavy stone blocks mutually support each other, expressing strength through unity. They shelter a large ovoid cavity that represents \"a passage, a marker, and an aperture that reframes the site\". The void represents the absence of the slain officer, and is shaped like an oblong stone from a memorial cairn which had been constructed at trailside by Collier's friends from MITOC. The design was evaluated by"}, {"text": "Ochsendorf and his students using computer simulations to study its resistance to a major earthquake. Compressive forces on each block were calculated to be in the range of . Each joint between the stone blocks was shaped to be perpendicular to the forces transmitted through the joint, visually expressing the invisible forces that hold the structure up. The underground foundation, an essential part of the structure, is made of reinforced concrete to resist the spreading forces produced by the shallow arch it supports. The weight of the structure is supported by mini-piles driven to a depth of . The polished, tapered stone blocks were carved to a precision of using robotic saws and milling machines, and then surfaced with final finishing by hand. The blocks were installed by a specialized team of riggers operating a crane and machinery, under the guidance of Ochsendorf, his team of students, and a construction manager. The temporary support scaffolding was slowly lowered over the span of 8 hours, while the descent of the central keystone was carefully monitored. Predicted to settle , the stone was actually measured as descending . The memorial is physically sited immediately next to the location where Collier was murdered."}, {"text": "An opening in the structure frames a view of the spot where he was sitting in his MIT Police car responding to a call for help, when he was ambushed and shot. Raised stainless steel buttons, encoding Collier's police badge number \"179\" in Braille, are installed into the pavement beneath the memorial arches, to discourage its use by skateboarders. Smaller granite blocks are placed around the periphery of the memorial, to provide seating for visitors. Honey locust trees provide a living canopy that marks the passage of time. At night, in-ground LEDs illuminate the structure, and also represent the configuration of the stars overhead on the fatal night of April 18, 2013."}, {"text": "The 2023 Madrid City Council election, also the 2023 Madrid municipal election, was held on Sunday, 28 May 2023, to elect the 12th City Council of the municipality of Madrid. All 57 seats in the City Council were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain. Electoral system. The City Council of Madrid () was the top-tier administrative and governing body of the municipality of Madrid, composed of the mayor, the government council and the elected plenary assembly. Elections to the local councils in Spain were fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. Voting for the local assembly was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered and residing in the municipality of Madrid and in full enjoyment of their political rights, as well as resident non-national European citizens and those whose country of origin allowed Spanish nationals to vote in their own elections by virtue of a treaty. Local councillors were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes\u2014which included blank ballots\u2014being"}, {"text": "applied in each local council. Councillors were allocated to municipal councils based on the following scale: The mayor was indirectly elected by the plenary assembly. A legal clause required that mayoral candidates earned the vote of an absolute majority of councillors, or else the candidate of the most-voted party in the assembly was to be automatically appointed to the post. In the event of a tie, the appointee would be determined by lot. Council composition. The table below shows the composition of the political groups in the City Council at the time of dissolution. Parties and candidates. The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of a determined amount of the electors registered in the municipality for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. In the case of Madrid, as its population was over 1,000,001, at least 8,000 signatures were required."}, {"text": "Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election: In March 2021, four M\u00e1s Madrid city councillors, including former lieutenant mayor Marta Higueras, split into the Mixed Group to form \"Recover Madrid\" (), a platform aiming at \"preserving the original project\" of former mayor Manuela Carmena under a more moderate and pragmatic line, draining material and economic resources from the M\u00e1s Madrid group, and becoming involved in controversial choices, such as the approval of the 2022 budget of Jos\u00e9 Luis Mart\u00ednez-Almeida, which also saw one of Recupera Madrid's councillors, Felipe Llamas, resigning from his post in disagreement. The platform announced its intention to not run in this election, but at the end they designed Luis Cueto as their candidate. On 12 September 2022, Podemos announced its intention to contest the 2023 Madrid City Council elections after deciding not to do so for the 2019 elections, choosing athlete Roberto Sotomayor as the party's candidate. Opinion polls. The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown,"}, {"text": "the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The \"Lead\" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. Voting intention estimates. The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of \"don't know\" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 29 seats were required for an absolute majority in the City Council of Madrid."}, {"text": "Sheikh Abul Hossain is a Jatiya Party (Ershad) politician in Bangladesh and a former member of parliament for Khulna-1. Career. Hossain was elected to parliament from Khulna-1 as a Jatiya Party candidate in 1988."}, {"text": "Ovchukhi () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 153 as of 2010. There are 8 streets. Geography. Ovchukhi is located on the right bank of the Rpen River, 33 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Brutovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Je\u013cena Ostapenko won the title, defeating defending champion Julia G\u00f6rges in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20131."}, {"text": "Olikovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 23 as of 2010. There are 7 streets. Geography. Olikovo is located 33 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kutukovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Omutskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 289 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography. Omutskoye is located on the Nerl River, 11 km north of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Pantelikha is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Alessandro Sperelli C.O. (1589\u20131671) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Gubbio (1644\u20131671), Apostolic Nuncio to Naples (1652\u20131653), Auxiliary Bishop of Ostia e Velletri (1642\u20131644), and Titular Bishop of \"Orthosias in Caria\" (1642\u20131644). Biography. Alessandro Sperelli was born on May 5, 1589 in Assisi, Italy and ordained a priest in the Congregation of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri. His nephew Sperello Sperelli would become cardinal in 1699. On 28 Apr 1642, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Titular Bishop of \"Orthosias in Caria\" and Auxiliary Bishop of Ostia e Velletri. On 4 May 1642, he was consecrated bishop by Giulio Cesare Sacchetti, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Susanna, with Lelio Falconieri, Titular Archbishop of \"Thebae\", and Giovanni Battista Altieri (seniore), Bishop Emeritus of Camerino, serving as co-consecrators. On 14 Mar 1644, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Gubbio. On 23 Oct 1652, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent X as Apostolic Nuncio to Naples; he served as nuncio until 15 Nov 1653. He served as Bishop of Gubbio until his death on 19 Dec 1671. While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of"}, {"text": "Carlo Labia, Archbishop of Corf\u00f9 (1659). In 1666, his endowment of his large collection of books and manuscripts to the city led to the formation of the Biblioteca Comunale Sperelliana in Gubbio."}, {"text": "Oslavskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Bogolyubovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 336 as of 2010. There are 36 streets. Geography. Oslavskoye is located on the right bank of the Nerl River, 39 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novoye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Pavlovskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,412 as of 2010. There are 21 streets. Geography. Pavlovskoye is located 17 km north from Vladimir, 11 km south of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Semyonovskoye-Krasnoye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Devimistat (INN; development code CPI-613) is an experimental anti-mitochondrial drug being developed by Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals. It is being studied for the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Devimistat's mechanism of action differs from other drugs, operating on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and inhibiting enzymes involved with cancer cell energy metabolism. A lipoic acid derivative different from standard cytotoxic chemotherapy, devimistat is currently being studied in combination with modified FOLFIRINOX to treat various solid tumors and heme malignancies. Regulation. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has designated devimistat as an orphan drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, AML, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma, and given approval to initiate clinical trials in pancreatic cancer and AML. Clinical trials. Clinical trials of the drug are underway including a Phase III open-label clinical trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of devimistat plus modified FOLFIRINOX (mFFX) versus FOLFIRINOX (FFX) in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas."}, {"text": "Pantelikha () is a rural locality (a village) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 11 as of 2010. Geography. Pantelikha is located between Nerl and Irmes Rivers, 13 km north of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Omutskoye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Pereborovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 62 as of 2010. There are 6 streets. Geography. Pereborovo is located on the right bank of the Nerl River, 15 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Babarino is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "The Scylax E10 is a 10-seat all-electric aircraft project by German start-up Scylax Aircraft. Design. The \u20ac2 million all-composite, short take-off and landing design is powered by two electric motors and four battery packs, it should cover a 160 nmi (300 km) range initially. It aims to replace utility aircraft like the Cessna 402, Cessna 208 Caravan, Beechcraft King Air or Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander for air taxi, air ambulance, cargo, corporate, scheduled passenger and private owners. The motors allow a cruise, and it should operate from runways. Development. Based in Munich, Scylax was formed by solar-powered light aircraft developer Elektra Solar and aerospace engineering services provider EADCO. Formerly PC-Aero and Elektra-UAS and a spinoff from the DLR German Aerospace Center, Elektra Solar manufactures solar-powered high-altitude aircraft: the single-seat, unmanned or optionally piloted Elektra One and the two-seat Elektra Two. EADCO is an engineering consultancy providing research and development support, from the conceptual and feasibility phases to development and certification to customers like Airbus, ArianeGroup, Grob Aerospace, Premium Aerotec, RUAG and SABCA. Regional operator FLN Frisia Luftverkehr is a shareholder, aiming to replace its nine-strong Islander fleet. By October 2019, the project was privately funded until the design freeze expected in"}, {"text": "the near future. Other investors are being sought to build and fly the first prototype in 2022 for \u20ac7 million: half from private investors and half through the German government\u2019s \"green funding initiatives\". Another \u20ac70 million will be needed for CS-23 certification in 2027, when battery technology should be more advanced to reach a range."}, {"text": "Pesochnoye () is a rural locality (a village) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 20 as of 2010. There are 4 streets. Geography. Pesochnoye is located on the Uyechka River, 15 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Prudy is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Petrakovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography. Petrakovo is located 35 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Koziki is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Dolores Walshe (born 1949) is an Irish short story writer, novelist and playwright. Biography. Dolores Walshe was born in Dublin and grew up in the Liberties in the inner city. She graduated with a degree in Arts from University College Dublin and then got a Higher Diploma from Trinity College, Dublin. She has won grants, bursaries and awards for her story- and play-writing. Walshe was awarded a second Arts Council Bursary in Literature 2014. She has won a number of fiction awards including the Bryan MacMahon Short Story Award in 2012 and the James Joyce Jerusalem Bloomsday Award. She has come 2nd in the Francis MacManus Award twice. In 2017 she won the Berlin Writing Prize. Walshe has also won a number of awards as a playwright, such as the Listowel Writers\u2019 Week Play Award and Irish Stage and Screen Award. In 1987 she won the OZ Whitehead/Society of Irish Playwrights/PEN Playwriting Literary Prize. Walshe was also winner of the 1991 Irish Stage and Screen Playwriting Competition. Walshe's plays have been produced by The Royal Exchange in Manchester and the Andrews Lane Theatre in Dublin, and she has been published by Carysfort Press, UCD, and others. Her work deals with"}, {"text": "themes including race, feminism and poverty. She currently lives in Carrick-on-Shannon, Leitrim."}, {"text": "James Pattison may refer to:"}, {"text": "Pogost-Bykovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography. Pogost-Bykovo is located 15 km northeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Alferikha is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Podberezye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2010. There are 7 streets. Geography. Podberezye is located 36 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Skorodumka is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Poretskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 795 as of 2010. There are 17 streets. Geography. Poretskoye is located on the Nerl River, 21 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sokol is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Prudy () is a rural locality (a village) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 10 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography. Prudy is located on the Uyechka River, 18 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sanino is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Ramenye () is a rural locality (a village) in Bogolyubovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 174 as of 2010. There are 7 streets. Geography. Ramenye is located on the Nerl River, 47 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Baskaki is the nearest locality."}, {"text": "Romanovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 23 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography. Romanovo is located on the Irmes River, 8 km northwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Menchakovo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Sadovy () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2,079 as of 2010. There are 27 streets. Geography. Sadovy is located 25 km south of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Brodnitsy is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Sanino () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 29 as of 2010. There are 2 streets. Geography. Sanino is located on the Uyechka River, 19 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Prudy is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Seltso () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 283 as of 2010. There are 6 streets. Geography. Seltso is located on the Kamenka River, 3 km west of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Novy is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Semyonovskoye-Krasnoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 299 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Semyonovskoye-Krasnoye is located 11 km south of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tereneyevo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Semyonovskoye-Sovetskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Seletskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. There are 4 streets; and the population was 9 as of 2010. Geography. Semyonovskoye-Sovetskoye is located 15 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vysheslavskoye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Seslavskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 36 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Seslavskoye is located 26 km south of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sadovy is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Skorodumka () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 6 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Skorodumka is located 34 km southwest of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Podberezye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Sea Group may refer to:"}, {"text": "Snovitsy () is a rural locality (a selo) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. Population: 1,765 as of 2010. There are 45 streets. Geography. Snovitsy is located on the left bank of the Sodyshka River, 37 km south of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Verizino is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Sodyshka () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Novoalexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 949 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. Geography. Sodyshka is located on the Rpen River, 36 km south of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Krasnoye Sushchevo is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Hossain Mokbul Shahriar () is a Jatiya Party (Ershad) politician and a Jatiya Sangsad member from the Rangpur-1 constituency. He is the nephew of Hussain Mohammad Ershad, a former president of Bangladesh. Early life and family. Shahriar was born on 18 July 1974 to a Bengali Muslim family in Rangpur, Bangladesh. His father, Mozammel Hossain Lalu, has roots in Dinhata in present-day India. His paternal grandfather, Maqbul Hossain, was a lawyer and served as a minister of the erstwhile Maharaja of Cooch Behar. Career. Shahriar was elected to parliament from Rangpur-1 as a Jatiya Party candidate in 2008. In January 2012, he and his men vandalized Rangpur Medical College Hospital and threatened the hospital director. He wanted the hospital to recruit his men for vacancies at the hospital. A case was filed against Shahriar with Rangpur Police Station over the clash. In 2017, Shahriar was expelled from Jatiya Party by Ershad for contesting Rangpur City mayoral election as an independent candidate against the official candidate of Jatiya Party. He ran as an independent candidate in the Rangpur-3 by-election and lost to his cousin Saad Ershad."}, {"text": "Sokol () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Bogolyubovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,486 as of 2010. There are 8 streets. Geography. Sokol is located on the Nerl River, 43 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dobrynskoye is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Spasskoye-Gorodishche () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 393 as of 2010. There are 6 streets. Geography. Spasskoye-Gorodishche is located on the right bank of the Nerl River, 12 km southeast of Suzdal (the district's administrative centre) by road. Barskoye-Gorodishche is the nearest rural locality."}, {"text": "Pol Demade (1863\u20131936) was a Belgian writer who also published under the pen name Jean Suis. Life. Paul Fran\u00e7ois Charles Demade was born to a French family living in Comines, Belgium, on 13 August 1863. He was educated at the Minor Seminary, Roeselare, where he became friends with Albrecht Rodenbach, and at the diocesan college in Kortrijk, before studying medicine at the Catholic University of Leuven. His interest in literature was sparked by reading Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, and he began contributing to the society pages of \"Le Patriote\" under the pen name Jean Suis. His first novel, \"Religieuse, soeur Magdala\" (1891), was self published. He obtained a two-year scholarship to the Coll\u00e8ge de France and completed his medical training in Lille. Besides his medical profession and literary activity he also engaged in political discussions, coming into the orbit of Henry Carton de Wiart, Jules Renkin and other proponents of Christian democracy. He took an active role in the Catholic Congress in Mechelen in 1891. Demade was a contributor to the reviews \"La Lutte\" and \"Le Drapeau\", and together with Carton de Wiart and Henry Moeller he founded the review \"Durendal\", of which he was sole proprietor 1894\u20131897. He took an"}, {"text": "interest in the reform of education, and especially of the teaching of languages and literature in secondary schools. From 1901 to 1924 he was the editor of a popularising medical review, \"Jardin de la sant\u00e9\" (the garden of health) that he had founded himself. With the German occupation of Belgium during World War I, Demade became a refugee in the Netherlands. He died in Ostend on 16 September 1936."}, {"text": "The UCI ProSeries is the second tier men's elite road cycling tour. It was inaugurated in 2020. The series is placed below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits. Development. In December 2018, the UCI announced various reforms to the structure and organisation of men's professional road racing. One of the major changes is the introduction of a new division of races called the UCI ProSeries. With the introduction of the ProSeries, the UCI .HC road races disappeared from the calendar. In October 2019, the UCI published the 2020 UCI International Road Calendar, including the ProSeries. The inaugural season of the ProSeries was planned to include 57 events, which were formerly World Tour, .HC or .1 events, but many were cancelled due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic of 2020\u201321. Team participation. In events of the ProSeries, UCI WorldTeams may participate, up to a maximum of 70% in European races and 65% in other races. The rest of the teams participating may be UCI ProTeams, UCI Continental teams, or National teams. Events. The inaugural UCI ProSeries calendar consisted of 57 events, of which 30 were one-day races (1.Pro) and 27 were stage races (2.Pro). Due to"}, {"text": "the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple events were cancelled, postponed or introduced in both 2020 and 2021 and the ProSeries calendar has been revised several times. The calendar features events in 21 countries on 4 continents: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey and United States. Winners by race. Race wins by team. \"Teams in italics are no longer active.\""}, {"text": "English actor, comedian, singer, writer, producer, and television host James Corden has received many awards and nominations over his career."}, {"text": "Thomas Hawkins (27 June 1766 \u2013 17 January 1850) was a Church of Ireland priest in Ireland during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Hawkins was born in County Kildare and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Rector of Dunkerrin in the Diocese of Kildare, and in 1807 he was appointed a chaplain to The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He became Dean of Clonfert in 1812, and held the post until his death."}, {"text": "Roz Cowman (born 1942), is an Irish poet and critic. Biography. Roz Cowman was born in Cork in 1942. She got her education in the Loreto Convent in Clonmel before going on to study in University College Cork. She worked as a teacher and writes poetry. In 1982 Cowman won the Arlen House/Maxwell House award and an Art's Council Bursary. Cowman won the Patrick Kavanagh Poetry Award in 1985. She has been published in Ireland, Britain and America. Her work is collected into a single anthology, \"The Goose Herd\". Eavan Boland said 'These are poems which have a consistent authority.'"}, {"text": "Srikhanda railway station is a railway station in Bardhaman\u2013Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Srikhanda of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History. On 1 December 1915, McLeod's Light Railways (MLR) set up narrow-gauge lines in the Burdwan-Katwa Railway route. This railway section was handed over to the Eastern Railway in 1966. In 2010 the work started for conversion of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge. Bardhaman to Balogna railway station was reopened in 2014 and Balgona to Katwa section was completed on 12 January 2018 for the public."}, {"text": "Ward 1 () is a ward of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 2 () is a ward of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 3 () is a ward of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "The 2018 San Bernardino mayoral election was held on June 5, 2018, and November 6, 2018, to elect the mayor of San Bernardino, California. It saw the election of John Valdivia, who defeated incumbent mayor R. Carey Davis. Municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan."}, {"text": "Ward 5 () is a ward of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 7 () is a ward of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 8 () is a ward of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "The 2020 Philadelphia Fusion season was the third season of the Philadelphia Fusion's existence in the Overwatch League and their first under head coach Kim \"KDG\" Dong-gun. The Fusion planned to host three homestand weekends in the 2020 season, with the first two taking place at The Met in Philadelphia and the third at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City. While their first homestand weekend took place, all following homestand events were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On August 16, in their final regular season game, the Fusion clinched the top seed in the North America region for the season playoffs with a win over the San Francisco Shock. In the first round of the North America bracket, Philadelphia swept the Los Angeles Gladiators, 3\u20130. The following day, the Fusion swept the Los Angeles Valiant, 3\u20130, sending them to the North America upper bracket finals. In the upper finals match, which took place on September 12, Philadelphia were handed their first loss of the postseason, falling to San Francisco by a score of 1\u20133. The loss sent the Fusion to the North America lower bracket finals, where they swept the Washington Justice, 3\u20130, sending them to the Grand Finals"}, {"text": "bracket. The Fusion's first match in the Grand Finals bracket was on October 8, where they were swept, 0\u20133, by the Shanghai Dragons. The following day, they were swept, 0\u20133, by the Seoul Dynasty, ending their postseason run. Preceding offseason. Organizational changes. In September 2019, Director of \"Overwatch\" Operations Yann \"Kirby\" Luu, who was also the head coach of the team in 2018, left the team. Less than a month later, both co-head coaches Se-hwi \"NamedHwi\" Go and Elliot \"Hayes\" Hayes announced their departures from the team. The team found their replacement on October 25 with the hiring of former Seoul Dynasty head coach Kim \"KDG\" Dong-gun. Additionally, the team promoted Roston Yoo from team manager to assistant general manager the same day. Roster changes. The Fusion enter the new season with two free agents, four players which they have the option to retain for another year, and three players under contract. The OWL's deadline to exercise a team option is November 11, after which any players not retained will become a free agent. Free agency officially began on October 7. Acquisitions. The Fusion's first acquisitions of the offseason were announced on October 30. The team traded tank Shin \"BERNAR\""}, {"text": "Se-won and support Kim \"Fuze\" Tae-hoon from Fusion University to the London Spitfire in exchange for tank Kim \"Fury\" Jun-ho, signed former Toronto Defiant DPS Lee \"Ivy\" Seung-hun, acquired support Daniel \"FunnyAstro\" Hathaway from the Atlanta Reign, and promoted support Kim \"Alarm\" Kyeong-bo from Fusion University. Additionally, the team announced that DPS Josue \"Eqo\" Corona as part of their roster, although he had been let go from the team earlier in the month. On November 25, the team announced that they had acquired DPS Jeong \"Heesu\" Hee-su from RunAway, although he would not turn 18, and thus ineligible to play, until late March. On November 26, the acquisition of DPS Philip \"ChipSa\" Graham, a popular streamer, was announced. This signing proved to be controversial, as several figures in the professional \"Overwatch\" community criticized the signing. Namely, Envy Gaming content creator Justin \"Jayne\" Conroy noted his lack of professional experience and accused the Fusion of nepotism, as ChipSa's brother Chris \"ChrisTFer\" Graham works as an assistant coach for the team. Departures. The Fusion's first free agent to depart from the team was support Alberto \"neptuNo\" Gonz\u00e1lez, who had been with the team since its inception in 2017, as the team announced"}, {"text": "that they had parted ways with him on October 21. The following day, the team elected not to exercise their option to retain DPS Josue \"Eqo\" Corona, who was also an inaugural season team member. Support Elijah \"Elk\" Gallagher and DPS Finley \"Kyb\" Adisi, the final two players that were under team options, were released a day later. Although he was announced as a part of the Fusion's roster in October, DPS Simon \"Snillo\" Ekstr\u00f6m was released from the team on December 19."}, {"text": "Nh\u00e0 M\u00e1t is a ward () of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00e0nh is a rural commune () of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "V\u0129nh Tr\u1ea1ch is a rural commune () of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "V\u0129nh Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng is a rural commune () of B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau city in B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Sripat Srikhanda railway station is a railway station in Bardhaman\u2013Katwa line under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated beside the Barddhaman\u2013Katwa road at Shrikhanda of Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. History. On 1 December 1915, McLeod's Light Railways (MLR) set up narrow-gauge lines in the Burdwan-Katwa Railway route. This railway section was handed over to the Eastern Railway in 1966. In 2010 the work started for conversion of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge. Bardhaman to Balogna railway station was reopened in 2014 and Balgona to Katwa section was completed on 12 January 2018 for the public."}, {"text": "Yuanta Securities is a Taiwanese investment bank headquartered in Taipei City, Taiwan and is the subsidiary of Yuanta Financial Holdings. The firm provides clients with capital markets and financial advisory services, institutional brokerage and securities research. Currently Yuanta Securities is the largest brokerage house in Taiwan, with about 12% of market share in the Taiwanese stock market. History. The predecessors of Yuanta Securities include Yuanta Securities established in 1961, Core Pacific Securities and Polaris Securities established in 1988, and Fuhua Securities established in 1996. In 2000, Yuanta Securities and Core Pacific Securities merged into Yuanta Core Pacific Securities; in 2007, Yuanta Core Pacific Securities and Fuhua Securities were merged into Yuanta Securities; in 2012, Yuanta Securities and Polaris securities were merged into Yuanta Polaris Securities; in 2015, Yuanta Polaris Securities was renamed Yuanta Securities. Yuanta Securities is now dominated by Yuanda Financial Holdings, after many mergers, while Fuhua Securities is the surviving company. Controversies. A board member of Yuanta Financial Holdings resigned in 2012 after his son, Justin Lee, was found to have drugged and raped many women."}, {"text": "Adeline Morrison Swain (1820-1899) was an American writer, politician and suffragist. She was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 2000. Life. Swain n\u00e9e Morrison was born on May 25, 1820, in Bath, New Hampshire. After completing her education she took up teaching in Vermont at the age of 16. There, she taught drawing, painting, and modern languages. In 1846 she married James Swain and the couple settled in Fort Dodge, Iowa, in 1858. In Fort Dodge she organized French, English, music, botany, and art classes specifically for young women. Swain's main interests lay in public affairs and social reforms rather than the arts and sciences, with a particular focus on women's rights. In the early 1870s the couple built a large Victorian house in Fort Dodge. The house was grander than their income allowed and they rented out rooms to boarders and also made the house available for events. Swain was an advocate for women's right to vote and handed in a ballot for several years despite it not ever being counted. In 1869, Swain organized the first woman suffrage meeting in Fort Dodge and of Missouri delivered a lecture to the community. In June 1871, and"}, {"text": "on two other occasions, Susan B. Anthony arrived in Fort Dodge to advocate for women's rights. Swain received Anthony as her guest in what was noted in her diary as a \"bedbuggy room\". Jane Swisshelm stayed with Swain in 1874. But by 1879 they sold the house to Webb Vincent. In 1977 the Swain-Vincent House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Vincent House. Swain was appointed as a correspondent of the Entomological Commission of the U.S. Department of Agriculture which led her, in 1877, to write a report documenting the devastation of crops brought on by the Colorado grasshopper. She subsequently became a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and became the first woman to present a paper at their national convention. Swain was active in politics where she was affiliated with the Greenback Party. In 1883 Swain ran for Iowa Superintendent of Public Instruction. Though she lost, she was the first woman to run for statewide public office in Iowa and gained nearly 27,000 votes. By 1884, Swain was an accredited delegate of the Indianapolis National Greenback convention. Swain died on February 3, 1899, in Illinois and was buried in"}, {"text": "Fort Dodge. Legacy. Swain was included in the 1893 publication \"A Woman of the Century\". She was memorialized in the \"Annals of Iowa, Vol. 4, No. 1 (1899)\" and was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 2000."}, {"text": "Lev Parnas (born February 6, 1972) is a Soviet-born American businessman and former associate of Rudy Giuliani. Parnas, Giuliani, Igor Fruman, John Solomon, Yuriy Lutsenko, Dmytro Firtash and his allies, Victoria Toensing and Joe diGenova, were involved in creating the false Biden\u2013Ukraine conspiracy theory, which is part of the Trump\u2013Ukraine scandal's efforts to damage Joe Biden. As president, Donald Trump said he did not know Parnas nor what he was involved in; Parnas insisted Trump \"knew exactly what was going on\". In October 2021, Parnas was found guilty in U.S. Federal Court on six counts related to illegal donations to the 2020 campaign of Donald Trump. He was sentenced to 20 months in prison, three years of supervised release and $2,322,500 in restitution on June 29, 2022. Early life and education. Parnas was born in Odesa, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, in 1972 to a Jewish family. His family brought him at the age of four to the U.S. via the U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program, first to Detroit, and later to Brooklyn. He was a student at Brooklyn College and Baruch College. He also worked at Kings Highway Realty, where he sold Trump Organization co-ops. Career. Parnas moved to Florida"}, {"text": "in 1995. He later founded Parnas Holdings. After a failed film project, he partnered with Igor Fruman in an energy-related venture. The \"Miami Herald\" reported that he \"left a long trail of debts in Florida and beyond.\" In 2019, Parnas served as a translator for a legal case involving Dmytro Firtash, a Ukrainian oligarch with close ties to the Kremlin and self-admitted Russian mob connections, who is fighting extradition to the U.S. to face bribery charges. Firtash has been free on bail in Vienna since 2014. According to prosecutors, Parnas was paid by diGenova & Toensing, LLP as an interpreter to communicate with their client, Firtash. A Swiss lawyer for Firtash loaned $1 million to Parnas's wife in September 2019, according to Federal prosecutors. Trump\u2013Ukraine scandal. As early as April 2018, Giuliani, Parnas, and Fruman began assisting Trump's re-election efforts and they identified Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch as being an obstacle. On January 24, 2020, during the Trump impeachment trial, ABC News published a recording that Parnas's attorney claimed was made by Fruman and shared with Parnas. The recording appears to be from a small gathering with Trump, apparently during a dinner held April 30, 2018 at Trump Hotel Washington. A"}, {"text": "voice identified as Parnas's is heard to say to Trump: \"The biggest problem there, I think where we need to start is we gotta get rid of the Ambassador.\" Late in 2018, Giuliani dispatched the two to Ukraine to search for damaging information on Trump's U.S. political rivals. According to \"The New York Times\", \"Their mission was to find people and information that could be used to undermine the Special Counsel's investigation, and also to damage former Vice President Joseph R. Biden.\" Both were at the center of the pro-Trump forces' push to remove Ambassador Yovanovitch, because her loyalty to Trump was deemed insufficient. It was reported the two also pressed for support for allegations that former Ukrainian officials schemed to manipulate the 2016 election to support Hillary Clinton, by revealing adverse information about Paul Manafort, chairman of Trump's campaign, which became a central element in Mueller's special counsel investigation. Over the course of a year beginning in 2018, Parnas and Fruman assisted Giuliani and his associates to contact Ukrainians who were working on finding alleged corruption surrounding Hunter Biden and Burisma. These included Yuriy Lutsenko, then the Prosecutor General of Ukraine, who was crucial to Giuliani's efforts to produce"}, {"text": "damaging information. Viktor Shokin, a former Prosecutor General of Ukraine, was part of this group. In late September 2019, the whistleblower report was released, which characterized Parnas and Fruman as \"two associates of Mr. Giuliani.\" On September 30, 2019, Adam Schiff of the Democrat House Intelligence Committee requested documents from Parnas. Parnas was initially represented by John M. Dowd, who was Trump's personal attorney during part of the Mueller investigation in 2017\u201318. Trump consented to this representation, as evidenced in an email from White House Counsel Jay Sekulow to the president. Parnas later disclosed that they met with Dowd in Dowd's home and conducted a conference call with Sekulow and Giuliani. According to revelations disclosed on The Rachel Maddow Show by Parnas in 2020, they decided to claim immunity and not cooperate on the basis that Giuliani was the President's attorney, protected by attorney-client privilege, and they were working under the direction of Giuliani. On October 7, 2019, Dowd informed the \"Miami Herald\" newspaper there would be no cooperation, Mike Pompeo made a similar announcement, and State Department employee Charles Kent failed to appear before the House Intelligence Committee. On October 8, 2019, White House counsel Pat Cipollone issued a"}, {"text": "document that confirmed that Trump and his administration would not cooperate with the impeachment inquiry in any manner. Arrest and prosecution. Parnas and Fruman were arrested on the evening of October 9, 2019, at Dulles International Airport, and charged with planning to direct funds from a foreign government \"to U.S. politicians while trying to influence U.S.-Ukraine relations\". They had one-way tickets to Frankfurt, Germany, and were reported to be going to Vienna, Austria. The head of the New York FBI office described the investigation as \"about corrupt behavior, deliberate lawbreaking\". The charges alleged Parnas and Fruman were involved in the campaign to oust Ambassador Yovanovitch from her post and have her recalled. In 2018, the operation included Parnas and Fruman donating funds and pledging further additional moneys to an unnamed Congressman, who was allegedly recruited for the campaign to oust her. The funds were allegedly funneled through a shell company, Global Energy Producers, and some violated campaign limits. Parnas and Fruman were also charged with unlawful campaign contributions. Based on campaign finance filings, former congressman Pete Sessions (R-Texas) was identified as the unnamed recipient. In 2018, as the Chairman of the House Rules Committee, Sessions wrote a letter to Secretary"}, {"text": "of State Mike Pompeo saying that Ambassador Yovanovitch should be fired for privately expressing \"disdain\" for the Trump administration. The House Intelligence Committee converted their request for documents from Parnas and Fruman into subpoenas on October 10, 2019. The New York field office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), along with SDNY prosecutors, were conducting a criminal investigation of Giuliani's relationship with Parnas and Fruman. Giuliani was at the time under investigation for potentially violating lobbying laws, but that investigation ended without charges. Parnas dismissed Dowd and retained Joseph Bondy, who announced on November 5, 2019, that Parnas \"is now prepared to comply with requests for records and testimony from congressional impeachment investigators\". On November 22, 2019, Parnas stated to CNN that he would be willing to testify to Congress regarding his, Republican congressman Devin Nunes's, Giuliani's, and Trump's role in the Ukraine affairs. Documents released to a watchdog group showed communication took place between Giuliani and Pompeo shortly before Ambassador Yovanovitch was removed from her post. Memos from Giuliani to Pompeo regarding a January 23, 2019, meeting with Ukraine's former prosecutor general Victor Shokin were included. Giuliani noted that Igor Fruman and Lev Parnas were present at the"}, {"text": "meeting. Shokin was ousted from his job in 2016 because of his lack of attention to corruption cases. On January 20, 2020, Bondy filed a motion seeking the appointment of a special prosecutor outside the Justice Department and for U.S. Attorney General William Barr to recuse himself. The U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York Geoffrey Berman recused himself in the Michael Cohen case owing to his political support of Trump. Trump reportedly asked then acting U.S. Attorney General Matthew Whitaker to override Berman's recusal and to prosecute Cohen. To date, Berman has not recused himself in the Parnas case despite similar potential conflicts of interest as in the Cohen case. Additionally, Berman worked at the same law firm as Giuliani. In a May 2021 letter to federal judge J. Paul Oetken, Bondy wrote he had seen a government chart detailing the extent to which SDNY investigators had acquired communications of parties related to the Parnas case, and asserted: The evidence seized likely includes e-mail, text, and encrypted communications that are either non-privileged or subject to an exception to any potentially applicable privilege, between, \"inter alia\", Rudolph Giuliani, Victoria Toensing, the former President, former Attorney General William P."}, {"text": "Barr, high-level members of the Justice Department, Presidential impeachment attorneys Jay Sekulow, Jane Raskin and others, Senator Lindsey Graham, Congressman Devin Nunes and others, relating to the timing of the arrest and indictment of the defendants as to prevent potential disclosures to Congress in the first impeachment inquiry of then-President Donald. J. Trump. Parnas asked for the charges to be dismissed, claiming that the Trump administration had prosecuted him to protect Trump against Congressional investigations, but a federal judge rejected this claim as a \"conspiracy theory.\" Parnas was subsequently convicted in March 2022 and sentenced to 20 months in prison MSNBC interview. In early January 2020, an attorney for Parnas turned over photos, text messages and thousands of pages of documents to the House Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. On January 15 and 16, 2020 MSNBC aired segments of an interview of Parnas conducted by Rachel Maddow. This was Parnas's first television interview regarding his involvement in the Trump-Ukraine scandal. Some of Parnas's claims were supported by documentary evidence released by the House that same week. Elements of the interview including timelines that were cross-checked by some news organizations against event records such as the date Pence announced he would not"}, {"text": "be going to Ukraine. White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham, Pence spokesman Marc Short, and a Justice Department spokesman stressed the fact that Parnas was under indictment and therefore was not credible. Trump repeated the claims he did not know Parnas, and denied he was aware of a letter by Giuliani to the Ukrainian president wherein Giuliani claimed that he was acting on the behalf of Trump. Parnas made many claims in the interview: One of the significant documents discussed during the interview was Giuliani's letter to President-elect Zelensky that was released by the House Intelligence Committee. The letter was seen as evidence that President Trump knew of his attorney's activities on his behalf. Giuliani wrote that he represented the private interests of President Trump with his \"knowledge and consent\". The letter was presented to the U.S. Senate during the impeachment trial of President Trump. When asked by Rachel Maddow, Parnas claimed that his decision to speak out was made to protect this country from President Trump and his allies, stating that they are all part of one large \"cult.\" Text messages with Robert Hyde. Included within the documents released by the House in January 2020 were text messages between"}, {"text": "Parnas and Robert F. Hyde, a Republican candidate for Congress in Connecticut. The messages indicated that Ambassador Yovanovitch was under surveillance and implied she was in possible danger. During the interview with Maddow, Parnas largely discounted this possibility and said Hyde drank a lot. However, during her testimony, the Ambassador stated that she was advised to leave Ukraine on \"the next plane\" in April 2019 because her security was at risk. Maddow played clips of this testimony during the airing of the interview. The FBI finally visited Hyde to make inquiries on January 16, 2020\u2014the day after the first segment of the interview aired\u2014even though they reportedly had the messages in hand since Parnas's arrest in October 2019. Ukrainian authorities announced they were conducting an investigation that same day. Hyde claimed he was getting the information he was giving to Parnas from a Belgian citizen named Anthony de Caluwe he had met at GOP functions. Initially, de Caluwe denied any involvement and then later claimed it was all a \"joke\" after evidence was released by the House that supported Hyde's assertions. An official from the Department of Justice attributed the delay between when they received the messages and finally acted"}, {"text": "to (???) Parnas and claimed they were unable to read the messages contained within Parnas's iPhone until recently. Parnas's attorney in turn wrote that the Department of Justice sat on documents since December 3, 2019 when the messages from the iPhone were first extracted. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo issued a statement a full two days after the texts were revealed and stated \"to the best of (his) recollection\" never heard any of this. He announced he would look into it but also stated he didn't think anything would come of the investigation. January 16, 2020 CNN interview. Parnas was also interviewed by Anderson Cooper of CNN on January 16, 2020. The primary different claims made by Parnas during this interview were as follows: Giuliani's rebuttal. On January 20, 2020, Giuliani appeared on Fox News' \"The Ingraham Angle\" and claimed he was \"heartbroken\" by the \"stupid lies\" told by Parnas the previous week. Giuliani said he was very close with Parnas, even godfather to his child, and very disappointed. He said Parnas was just trying to avoid jail and was telling lies like Michael Cohen. He also said he would not get into a point by point rebuttal of all"}, {"text": "the claims Parnas made, but would testify to all the facts if he was called as a witness. He welcomed an opportunity to testify where he would inform everyone about \"unbelievable amount of corruption that went on between the Democratic Party and Ukraine\". Giuliani stressed two areas in which he stated that Parnas had lied. Giuliani stressed that owing to these two lies, that nothing in the two Parnas interviews should be believed. Giuliani also insisted that Parnas was wrong when he implicated William Barr. He further stated he never spoke to Barr about it and that it was wrong to accuse Barr of being part of it. When asked if he directed the surveillance of the Ambassador to Ukraine, Giuliani replied, \"I can definitely tell you I didn't.\" Campaign funding. Some of the money to potentially fund efforts by Giuliani, Parnas, and Fruman appears to have come from a Republican donor and Trump supporter Charles Gucciardo. Gucciardo's attorney claimed his client's $500,000 was an investment made in 2018 with Parnas's firm Fraud Guarantee. These funds in turn were claimed to be a retainer fee from Fraud Guarantee to Giuliani. According to Giuliani, he was \"ramping up\" the business. Harry"}, {"text": "Sargeant III, a billionaire Republican donor, helped bankroll the travels of Parnas and Fruman, thereby supporting their overall efforts to pressure Ukraine to help with Trump's re-election effort. An attorney representing Sargeant said the funds were loans. Dmytro Firtash's Swiss attorney also described a $1 million payment made to Parnas's wife as being a \"loan\". Reporters in a Bloomberg News article wrote that it was unlikely President Trump paid for Giuliani's, Parnas's, and Fruman's expensive travels and stays at expensive hotels. Therefore, monies and loans to fund their work in Ukraine on his behalf to win a Federal election appear to be reportable campaign contributions. Further any foreign contributions would have been illegal. Bloomberg News is named for, and partly owned by, Michael Bloomberg who was seeking the Democratic nomination to run against President Trump. Possible Trump meeting. On January 24, 2020, ABC News released an audio recording that appeared to be a conversation between Parnas and President Trump. The recording may have been made at a dinner gathering held on April 30, 2018, at the Trump International Hotel. On the recording, President Trump can be heard ordering someone, who may have been Johnny DeStefano, to fire Ambassador Yovanovitch. Trump's"}, {"text": "order came after Parnas said something to the effect that it was important to get rid of her first. Parnas's attorney appeared on the Rachel Maddow show that same evening and stated the tape was made by Fruman and given to Parnas. Parnas in turn uploaded it to his document cloud. Parnas's attorney stated that Parnas didn't provide the tape to ABC News. Apparently, the ABC News article prompted Parnas to search his document cloud where he located the full tape that is over an hour long. Parnas's attorney stated the whole tape has been given to the House Intelligence Committee. The tape was made public on 25 January. Trump is heard discussing golf with Jack Nicklaus III (grandson of golfer Jack Nicklaus), and trade deals and steel quotas with Barry Zekelman of Zekelman Industries. Congressional testimony. At the invitation of committee Democrats, on March 20, 2024, Parnas testified before the Republican-controlled House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family that was pursuing the impeachment of President Joe Biden.<ref name=\"Fitzpatrick_Concepcion_3/20/2024\"></ref><ref name=\"Rohrlich_3/20/2024\"></ref><ref name=\"Parnas_HOC_3/19/2024\"></ref> Parnas testified, in part:<ref name=\"Walsh_3/20/2024\"></ref> Personal life. Lev Parnas lives with his wife and five of his six children in Boca Raton, Florida. He is the father of"}, {"text": "journalist Aaron Parnas. Philanthropy. Parnas has contributed to Ukrainian-Jewish charities and causes. He is on the board of the Ukrainian-Jewish charity Friends of Anatevka, founded by Ukrainian rabbi Moshe Reuven Azman, to provide a refuge for Ukrainian Jews affected by the Russian military intervention in Ukraine. Parnas and Fruman visited Israel in the summer of 2018 as a part of a delegation, led by former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee and joined by Anthony Scaramucci. The group met with U.S. Ambassador to Israel, David M. Friedman and Benjamin Netanyahu's son Yair Netanyahu. While in Israel, Parnas and Fruman also met with oligarch Ihor Kolomoyskyi, a wealthy Ukrainian oligarch and long-time mentor and patron of President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy."}, {"text": "The Sanmatenga attacks occurred on 8 September 2019 in the Sanmatenga Province, Burkina Faso. In the Barsalogho Department a vehicle transporting people and goods, that was returning from a market, drove over an improvised explosive device (IED). 15 passengers were killed and six were injured in the IED attack. Most of the victims were traders. Meanwhile, around 50 km to the east, a convoy with vans carrying provisions for people displaced by fighting was attacked by gunmen. In this attack, 14 people were killed. It is unknown who carried out this attacks. Background. In the aftermath of the 2011 Libyan Civil War, militant attacks have increased due to a large influx of weapons and fighters into the region. Neighbouring Mali faced conflict in Azawad that threatened to split the country. Burkina Faso also faced an uprising in 2014 leading to the downfall of President Blaise Compaor\u00e9 later that year. Burkina Faso is a member of the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Partnership and its commitment of peacekeeping troops in Mali and Sudan has made it a target for extremists in the region. Until 2015, Burkina Faso had remained violence free despite violent events occurring in the northern neighbouring countries of Mali and Niger."}, {"text": "Since then, jihadist groups linked to Al-Qaeda and Islamic State began their infiltration into the country from the northern borders followed by its eastern borders. The infiltration have also brought danger to the southern and western borders. Since 2015, Burkina Faso has faced cross-border attacks and sporadic raids in its territory, the result of instability and unrest in neighboring countries. Several major attacks have occurred in the capital Ouagadougou in recent years: In 2016, attacks on a hotel and restaurant killed 30 people, including foreigners; and in 2017, similar attacks killed 19 people, including foreigners. Both of these attacks were carried out by Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. On 2 March 2018, at least eight heavily armed militants launched an assault on key locations throughout Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. Targets included the French embassy and the headquarters of Burkina Faso's military. 16 people, including the eight attackers died in the incident that left 85 injured. In 2019, the ethnic and religious tensions started due to the Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso. The effect was more prominent in the northern areas of Burkina Faso bordering Mali. \"AFP\" reported that the Insurgents have combined hit-and-run tactics of guerrilla warfare"}, {"text": "along with the road side land mines and suicide bombings. Using these tactics, the insurgents have killed about 600 people. However the toll is estimated to be more than 1,000 by the civil society groups. AFP reported that the violence have displaced around 300,000 people and around 3000 schools were closed. The country's economy is largely rural and effect of violence is increasing on the economy. The violence has been causing disruption in the trade and markets. Attacks. The attacks occurred on 8 September 2019 in the Sanmatenga Province, Burkina Faso. In the Barsalogho Department a vehicle transporting people and goods, that was returning from a market, drove over an improvised explosive device (IED). 15 passengers were killed and six were injured in the IED attack. Most of the victims were traders. Meanwhile, around 50 km to the east, a convoy with vans carrying provisions for people displaced by fighting was attacked by gunmen. In this attack, 14 people were killed. It is unknown who carried out this attacks. Aftermath. A military official said that reinforcements have been deployed after the attacks, and that every effort will be made \"to ensure that humanitarian convoys in areas affected by terrorist attacks"}, {"text": "are under security escort.\""}, {"text": "Tom Lloyd (1929\u20131996) was an American sculptor, activist and community organizer. Early life and education. Tom Lloyd was born in 1929 in Jamaica, Queens, United States, where he spent majority of his childhood and started gained his love for art. He studied art at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and the Brooklyn Museum. Artistic career. In 1968, Lloyd's work was chosen as the subject for the inaugural exhibition of the Studio Museum in Harlem, \"Electronic Refractions II\", which opened on September 24, 1968, featuring his electronically programmed light sculptures. (That exhibition would subsequently inspire the title of the 2020 traveling exhibition \"Black Refractions: Highlights from The Studio Museum in Harlem\".) Lloyd's work in the exhibition proved controversial, departing as it did from a figurative aesthetic prevalent in African-American art at the time. He usually used art methods that included murals such as designs, painting, fresco and glass. Lloyd talks about his work and the mission of the museum to create opportunities for black artists who serve as mentors to young artists in the Harlem community. He implores black artists to be more involved with politics. A few months before the opening, Lloyd participated in the 1968 round-table discussion, \"\", convened"}, {"text": "at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and chaired by Romare Bearden. Participants in the discussion included Richard Hunt, Jacob Lawrence, Hale Woodruff, Sam Gilliam, and William T. Williams. In 1971, Lloyd edited a volume of commissioned essays written by African-American cultural producers called \"Black Art Notes\", to which he also contributed. In his essay he addressed the need for a relationship between art and social and political action. The publication as a whole was intended as a \u201ccounter-statement\u201d to Robert Doty\u2019s catalog introduction of the \"Contemporary Black Artists in America\" exhibition held at the Whitney Museum in 1971. Also in 1971, Lloyd founded the Store Front Museum in Queens, NY. Located in the predominantly Black neighborhood of Jamaica, the space served as a vital cultural hub hosting exhibitions, concerts, lectures and festivals as well as other community enrichment activities like dance and karate lessons. The Store Front Museum in New York, a cultural center that hosted exhibitions, concerts, classes, and lectures for the predominantly Black community of Jamaica, Queens, for more than a decade. The center acted in tandem with his call for the marriage of social action and aesthetics in \"Black Art Notes\", published the same year. Political activism."}, {"text": "Lloyd was a founding member of the Art Workers Coalition (AWC) and, initially, the only black artist. He was instrumental in recruiting Faith Ringgold into the group and together with John Hendricks and others, used the group as a platform to advocate for integrating museums through the creation of Black and Puerto Rican advisory boards and through acquiring and holding more exhibitions of Black and Puerto Rican artists' work. Before joining the AWC, Lloyd briefly joined the Black Emergency Cultural Coalition (BECC), but found their approach to social change too meek."}, {"text": "The 2014 San Bernardino mayoral election was held on February 4, 2014, to elect the mayor of San Bernardino, California. It saw the election of R. Carey Davis. No runoff was necessary. Municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan."}, {"text": "Victor Laredo (1910\u20132003) was an American documentary photographer and author. His black and white photographs of New York City were the subject of the books \"New York: People and Places\" (1964), \"New York City: A Photographic Portrait\", and \"Central Park: A Photographic Guide\". Laredo's architectural photographs were published in \"Life Magazine\" and became a fourth book entitled \"Sephardic Spain\", written by Laredo and including the architectural photographs. Laredo exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art the Museum of the City of New York, the Jewish Museum (New York), and the Brooklyn Museum. Family background. Victor Laredo's family lived in Pergamon, Asia Minor, during the last days of the Ottoman Empire (modern Bergama, \u0130zmir Province, Turkey). Pergamon is famous for its Greco-Roman ruins and is reputed to have hosted the second largest library of antiquity, after Alexandria. The Laredo family was of Spanish Jewish descent, having lived as secret Jews under the Spanish Inquisition for nearly 200 years. They left Spain in the late 1600s and moved to Tangiers, North Africa, branching off into Asia Minor in the 18th century. Early life. Laredo was the oldest of three siblings born to Morris and Anna Laredo. Morris was an inspector of weights"}, {"text": "and measures in the service of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. After the first world war ended and the Ottoman Empire collapsed, the Laredo family emigrated to the United States in 1920, entering through Ellis Island, New York. They settled in New Brunswick, New Jersey where Morris became a successful insurance salesman. Later life. 1930s. By 1930, Laredo was estranged from his family because of his father's conservative beliefs that conflicted with Victor's artistic aspirations and left wing political convictions. Moving to New York City, Victor attended the National Academy of Art and Design becoming a painter. He was an art teacher, under the Works Progress Administration (WPA) program, at the 96th Street YMCA with follow instructor and friend Zero Mostel. 1940s. Joining the United States Merchant Marine in 1940, Laredo traveled the world while painting in his spare time. Upon the outbreak of World War II, he continued his service with the United States Merchant Marine, and returned to New York City after the war ended. In 1946, after losing his lifetime work of paintings in a house fire, he gave up painting and, in early 1947, began to photograph in New York City. One of his earliest"}, {"text": "photographs was a portrait of Cuban artist Carmen Herrera In 1948, Laredo met with Edward Steichen, then the curator of photography at the Museum of Modern Art. Steichen bought the portrait of Herrera and included it in his upcoming show \"In And Out Of Focus\" the Museum of Modern Art on April 7, 1948. 1950s. The Brooklyn Museum mounted a solo show of Laredo's photographs from September 12 to October 23, 1950. During the 1950s, Laredo was accepting commissions from \"Harper's Bazaar\", \"Charm\", \"Seventeen\", the \"U.S. Camera Annual\", and Helena Rubinstein. Between jobs, Laredo began his iconic work to document New York City, shooting with medium and large format cameras. In 1954, he took a studio space on the top floor of 10 East 8th Street in Greenwich Village. Around the corner, on University Avenue, was Cedar Tavern, the hangout for most of the painters that became known as the New York School. He was a frequent patron and met his future wife Carolynn Malarelli (Lynn Laredo). Their only child, Andre Laredo, was born on May 31, 1956. 1960s. By the early 1960s, Laredo began documenting architectural details of older buildings in New York City, convinced that old-world craftsmanship was"}, {"text": "being replaced by modern architecture at an alarming pace. He presented the idea for a book project to the Reinhold publishing company. They suggested another idea, documenting the city as a whole entity. Laredo agreed to the project and, in 1961, began shooting the city full time resulting in his first book, \"New York: People and Places\" (1964). In 1965, Laredo accepted a commission from \"Life Magazine International\" to document the architectural remains of Spanish Jewish culture in Spain. After two years of research including several trips to Spain, the article appeared in the August 4, 1967 edition of \"Life Magazine International\". Laredo's work was featured in the 1967 photographic exhibition \"Sephardic Spain\" which was held at the Jewish Museum in New York City. The exhibition was also featured on the CBS television program \"Look Up and Live\". After his marriage failed with Lynn, Laredo met Bettie de Jong in 1968, principal dancer and rehearsal mistress for the Paul Taylor Dance Company. The two lived together as husband and wife for over 35 years until Victor's death in 2003. 1970s. The 1970s saw the publication of three books by Laredo, \"New York City: A Photographic Portrait\" (1973), \"Sephardic Spain\" (1978),"}, {"text": "and \"Central Park: A Photographic Guide\" (1979). Laredo created a vocational training program in Spanish Harlem in the late 1970s providing photographic technicians to the industry. Return to painting and death. After the age of 70, Laredo returned to painting. He continued photographing as well, spending a number of years shooting in Central Park, and working on a handmade camera project until his death in 2003. His son Andre R. Laredo died in December 2022. He is survived by a granddaughter. Surviving painting. The only known surviving painting by Laredo titled \"On the Beach\" was painted for the WPA in the 1940s and is held by the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture."}, {"text": "Sergey Vasilyevich Matveyev (; born 25 April 1972) is a Russian football coach and a former player. Playing career. He made his professional debut in the 1994 Russian Third League for FC Mashinostroitel Sergiyev Posad. Coaching career. Before the 2019\u201320 season, he was hired by FC Krasnodar as head coach. He left the club in June 2020."}, {"text": "The 2020 San Francisco Shock season was the third season of the San Francisco Shock's existence in the Overwatch League and their second under head coach Park \"Crusty\" Dae-hee. The team entered the season as the defending Overwatch League champions, after winning the 2019 Grand Finals. The Shock planned to host two homestand weekends in the 2020 season at Zellerbach Hall in Berkeley and the San Jose Civic in downtown San Jose, but both were cancelled in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Shock ended the regular season with 18 wins, 7 bonus wins, and 3 losses. San Francisco faced the eighth-seeded Washington Justice on September 5 in the first round of the 2020 North America playoffs bracket, and after falling 0\u20132 in the match, the Shock won three straight maps to move on to the second round of the upper bracket. The team next defeated the seventh-seeded Atlanta Reign by a score of 3\u20131. Moving on to the upper bracket finals, the Shock faced the top-seeded Philadelphia Fusion. Despite keeping the maps close, the Shock came out with a 3\u20131 victory and advanced to the Grand Finals bracket. As the top North America seed in the Grand Finals bracket,"}, {"text": "the Shock faced Asia's second-seeded Seoul Dynasty in the bracket's first round on October 8. After the Shock came out with a quick 2\u20130 lead, the Dynasty evened up the score, winning the following two maps; however, San Francisco won the final map of the match and moved on to the Upper Bracket finals. The team faced Asia's top-seeded Shanghai Dragons in the upper finals, where, again, the Shock started the match with a 2\u20130 lead, but the Dragons tied up the series after four maps. The Shock won the final map of the match to advance to the Grand Finals match. In the Grand Finals match, the Shock defeated the Seoul Dynasty by a score of 4\u20132 to win their second consecutive OWL championship. Preceding offseason. Organizational changes. On October 18, it was announced that assistant coach Kim \"NineK\" Beom-hoon had signed with the Paris Eternal as a coach. The Shock signed Talon Esports head coach Lee \"Arachne\" Ji-won as a coach a month later. Roster changes. The Shock enter the new season with one free agent, no players which they have the option to retain for another year, and nine players under contract. The OWL's deadline to exercise"}, {"text": "a team option is November 11, after which any players not retained will become a free agent. Free agency officially began on October 7. On October 9, the Shock announce that they would not re-sign their only free agent off-tank Andreas \"Nevix\" Karlsson, who had been with the team since their inception in 2017. On December 23, the team picked up sniper specialist Lee \"ANS\" Seon-chang, who had been retired since January 2019. Roster. Transactions. Transactions of/for players on the roster during the 2020 regular season:"}, {"text": "The 1979 Salvadoran coup d'\u00e9tat was a military coup d'\u00e9tat that occurred in El Salvador on 15 October 1979. The coup, led by young military officers, bloodlessly overthrew military President Carlos Humberto Romero and sent him into exile. The National Conciliation Party's firm grip on power was ended, and in its place the military established the Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador (JRG). The junta was composed of two military officers and three civilians. The Revolutionary Government Junta declared itself to be a \"reformist junta\" which would pass political and economic reforms. In reality, it continued to crack down on political opposition, especially after the rise of several leftist militant groups in the early 1980s. The coup is commonly cited as the beginning of the twelve-year-long Salvadoran Civil War. Background. The National Conciliation Party (PCN) had held a firm grasp on Salvadoran politics since the 1961 Salvadoran Constitutional Assembly election and the 1962 Salvadoran presidential election, following the dissolutions of both the Junta of Government in 1961 and the Civic-Military Directory in 1962. The PCN government was supported by the United States, for, as a military dictatorship, it was seen as \"the most effective [way of] containing Communist penetration in"}, {"text": "Latin America\". The Salvadoran National Guard was equipped and trained by the United States and the CIA, both of which directly supported the PCN regime. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, many political groups arose in opposition to the military government of the National Conciliation Party. The Christian Democratic Party (PDC) was the chief opponent of the PCN, gaining significant influence in the Legislative Assembly. In the 1972 presidential election, PDC candidate Jos\u00e9 Napole\u00f3n Duarte, under the banner of the National Opposition Union (UNO), was declared to have won the election by 6,000 votes by the Central Election Board, but the result was cancelled and the Legislative Assembly instead voted to install PCN candidate Arturo Armando Molina as president. Duarte was arrested, tortured, and exiled to Venezuela for his victory in the 1972 election. Other, less political, groups which appeared included the United Front for Revolutionary Action (FUAR), Party of Renovation (PAR), Unitary Syndical Federation of El Salvador (FUSS), Unified Popular Action Front (FAPU), and the Christian Federation of Salvadoran Peasants (FECCAS). In order to combat the political and militant opposition to the government, President Julio Adalberto Rivera established the National Democratic Organization (ORDEN). The organization was headed by General Jos\u00e9"}, {"text": "Alberto Medrano and placed under the administration of the National Security Agency of El Salvador (ANSESAL). ORDEN was a group of several government-controlled death squads that were used to arrest and torture political opponents, intimidate voters, rig elections, and kill peasants. ORDEN claimed to have somewhere between 50,000 and 100,000 members at its peak in the late 1960s. Some of the most notorious death squads included the Anti-Communist Armed Forces of Liberation \u2013 War of Elimination (FALANGE) and the White Warrior's Union (Mano Blanca). The Football War between El Salvador and Honduras in July 1969 saw 300,000 Salvadoran refugees leave Honduras for safety in El Salvador. They increased rates of unemployment and crime, weakening the nation's economy. The refugees coming from Honduras overpopulated the already densely populated country. They lived in poverty and had to sustain themselves without any government assistance. The impoverished citizens supported opposition candidates in elections since the government did little to nothing to support them, but the results were always rigged by the government and the poor were harassed by ORDEN. The increase of impoverished Salvadorans in the nation allowed militant groups such as the Farabundo Mart\u00ed People's Forces of Liberation (FPL), Communist Party of El"}, {"text": "Salvador (PCES), National Resistance (RN), and the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) to grow in size and numbers. In March 1979, President Carlos Humberto Romero attempted to negotiate with his political opponents due to the outbreak of the Nicaraguan Revolution the year prior, hoping to prevent a revolution against his own government. As a result, opposition forces, who saw weakness, organized strikes and marched in the streets of San Salvador and the crowds seized public buildings. Romero's soldiers crushed the strikes and marches by using live ammunition on the protesters. The event was broadcast across the United States and Europe and resulted in Costa Rica, Japan, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and West Germany, closing their embassies in El Salvador citing an \"uncontrollable spiral of violence\". Coup. Prelude and planning. In July 1979, the regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle was overthrown in the Nicaraguan Revolution and the Sandinistas gained power in Nicaragua. The event caused many military officials in El Salvador to fear that Romero's government would likely soon fall to the left-wing guerrilla forces with Sandinista support, and several military officers planned a coup to prevent El Salvador from \"suffering the same fate as Nicaragua.\" The 800-strong officer corps of the"}, {"text": "military decided to act to remove Romero and install their own government with support from the United States. Before the coup was staged, three different groups each started plotting their own coup attempts. In May 1979, Colonel Ernesto Claramount, a Christian Democrat who was living in exile in Costa Rica, called for the army to overthrow Romero. Constitutionalists in the army under Colonel Adolfo Arnoldo Majano Ramos wanted to bring several economic and political reforms to El Salvador, while those with pro-U.S. sympathies, who wanted moderate reforms and to crush left-wing organizations, supported Colonel Jaime Abdul Guti\u00e9rrez Avenda\u00f1o. Meanwhile, oligarchs supported extreme reactionaries in the army to protect their own interests. According to the memoirs of Colonel Guti\u00e9rrez Avenda\u00f1o, the coup was postponed three times. He claimed that Romero found out about the conspiracy but failed to take any serious action to prevent it. Overthrow of Romero. On 15 October 1979 at 8:15a.m. local time, the group of military officers, called the Military Youth, rallied the Armed Forces of El Salvador to overthrow Romero's government. The armed forces were led by Colonels Majano Ramos and Guti\u00e9rrez Avenda\u00f1o. The coup succeeded with no casualties and resulted in Romero's resignation. He was"}, {"text": "charged with corruption, electoral fraud, and human rights violations, but Romero fled for exile in Guatemala after negotiating a deal with the military to leave El Salvador by 6:30p.m. local time. General Federico Castillo Yanes (Minister of National Defense), and Colonels Antonio Corleto (Director of the National Guard), Antonio L\u00f3pez (Director of the National Police), Oscar Ren\u00e9 Serrano (Director of the Treasury Police), and Roberto Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez (Director of the Political Police) also left the country for exile. In the wake of the coup, the military established the center-left wing Revolutionary Government Junta. The junta consisted of Colonels Majano Ramos and Guti\u00e9rrez Avenda\u00f1o, and three civilians: Guillermo Manuel Ungo Revelo, Mario Antonio Andino, and Rom\u00e1n Mayorga Quir\u00f3s. Ungo Revelo was a democratic socialist politician who had opposed the PCN government in the 1970s, Andino was the ex-vice president of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of El Salvador (CCIES), and Mayorga Quir\u00f3s was a member of the Central American University. The Salvadoran National Guard supported the coup and most of its leadership became loyal to the junta. General Jos\u00e9 Guillermo Garc\u00eda was appointed to Minister of National Defense by the junta. The junta dissolved ORDEN which resulted in the death squads"}, {"text": "operating independently throughout what became the Salvadoran Civil War. The junta itself was the source of human rights violations such as mass murder, torture, executions, and unexplained disappearances. Despite dissolving ORDEN, the junta utilized its own death squads to commit the atrocities. United States involvement. The United States government took an active role in the coup. Plotters stated that they had first attained prior U.S. approval for the coup. It is clear that the U.S. was aware of the plan beforehand. The U.S. had been Romero's biggest supporter, but by October 1979, the U.S. decided it needed a regime change. The officers the U.S. recruited promised reforms, political rights, and amnesty for all political prisoners. Following the coup, the United States immediately recognized the junta's legitimacy as the government of El Salvador. Under Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan, the junta and subsequent civilian government received massive aid and funding from the United States. The coup was proclaimed as a \"reformist coup\" which established a \"reformist junta,\" similar to the Military Revolutionary Council in South Vietnam during the 1963 South Vietnamese coup d'\u00e9tat which overthrew Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m. In both instances, the United States sent increased support to the new government."}, {"text": "The chairman of the junta, Majano Ramos, had left-leaning tendencies. The United States counted on right-leaning influence from Guti\u00e9rrez, and later Duarte, drowning out Majano Ramos' leftist influence. They eventually succeeded when Majano Ramos resigned as chairman and commander-in-chief in May 1980, and then from the junta entirely in December 1980. He was later arrested by the junta in February 1981 and left for exile in Panama in March 1981 after being released. His resignation allowed Guti\u00e9rrez Avenda\u00f1o to become commander-in-chief and chairman of the junta in May 1980. He remained chairman and commander-in-chief until December 1980 when Duarte became president of the junta, where he remained until the 1982 presidential election. Aftermath. In the weeks directly following the coup, thousands of civilians marched in the streets of San Salvador. They occupied churches and gathered around government buildings, demanding that the junta release information of all those who had disappeared under the military regime. They also demanded the lowering of rent prices, a raise in wages, and the institute of land reform. Despite ORDEN being officially dissolved by the junta in October 1979, its former paramilitary forces continued to operate during the civil war. Archbishop \u00d3scar Arnulfo Romero y Gald\u00e1mez"}, {"text": "cautiously endorsed the junta which was established stating that the junta's goals of reform were good willed, but he warned that \"beautiful promises are not dead letters.\" The coup of 1979 allowed for the rise of militant left-wing groups in the country. The five largest groups, Farabundo Mart\u00ed People's Forces of Liberation (FPL), Communist Party of El Salvador (PCES), National Resistance (RN), People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), and the Revolutionary Party of the Central American Workers \u2013 El Salvador (PRTC), joined forces on 10 October 1980, nearly one year after the coup, to form the Farabundo Mart\u00ed National Liberation Front (FMLN), the most prominent opposition force to the Salvadoran government throughout the Salvadoran Civil War. The group was named after August\u00edn Farabundo Mart\u00ed Rodr\u00edguez, the leader of the Communist Party during an uprising in 1932 that resulted in the massacre of 10,000 to 40,000 peasants under the rule of Maximiliano Hern\u00e1ndez Mart\u00ednez, who himself had a far-right death squad named after him. During the rule of the junta from 1979 to 1982, around 20,000 Salvadoran civilians were killed, with human rights organizations estimating that up to 80% were killed directly by the junta. In 1980, the U.S.-equipped National Guard massacred 300\u2013600"}, {"text": "civilians in Chalatenango, and in 1981, the U.S.-trained Atl\u00e1catl Battalion massacred 800 civilians in the village of El Mozote. The junta denied the accusations of utilizing death squads to protect itself, instead claiming that it was a problem it could not control. The resulting civil war killed anywhere from 70,000 to 80,000 people and lasted twelve years from 1979, starting with the coup, until 1992, with the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords. The coup of 1979 was the last successful military coup in Salvadoran history."}, {"text": "Andrei Pavlovich Dmitriyev (; born 6 August 1965) is a Russian football coach."}, {"text": "Marnik is an Italian progressive house duo formed by Alessandro Martello and Emanuele Longo. Career. On 17 March 2017, Marnik scored their first hit with \"Children of a Miracle\", a collaborative effort with Don Diablo and Galantis singer Reece Bullimore of \"No Money\" fame. In December 2017, Marnik worked with The Golden Army worked and Kshmr on a psy-trance big room house-influenced track called \"Shiva\". In May 2018, in collaboration with Steve Aoki, they released a dance version of \"Bella ciao\", a traditional folk protest song from the 19th century that became very popular within the anti-fascist movement during the Italian civil war (1943-1945). Marnik's version of the track generated controversy as many commentators felt it was inappropriate and disrespectful towards the Italian partisans struggle. On March 18, 2022, Marnik released \"Stop the World\" with Leony and Steve Aoki. The track later appeared on Aoki's seventh studio album, \"\", released on September 16."}, {"text": "The Buffalo mayoral election of 1881 saw the election of former Erie County Sheriff Grover Cleveland, who defeated architect and alderman Milton Beebe by what was considered a broad margin. Cleveland would not serve out his entire term as mayor, as he would be subsequently elected Governor of New York the following year."}, {"text": "Charlotte Blacklock (1857\u20131931) was a British suffragette, given a Hunger Strike Medal for her going on a hunger strike in the cause of women's right to vote. Life. Blacklock was born in 1857 in Brighton, Sussex as the youngest child of Joseph Davidson (or Davison) Blacklock and Emma Walton Blacklock who ran two pharmacist shops at 32 Old Stiene and 109 Kings Road, Brighton (the contemporary term was a chemist, druggist and soda water manufacturer). She had a half brother, Arthur Woolsey Blacklock, (born 1840,who qualified as a Doctor in Aberdeen, later an astronomer) from her father's first marriage and had two older brothers Philip Walton, born 1853, who helped their mother continue the business when their father died in 1876, and William born 1855, and a sister Anne Maria, born 1854. She was described as a governess in the 1881 census. Blacklock was close to her cousin, an artist Amy Sawyers, who later painted her portrait. She was based in London and then moved to Ditchling, Sussex in 1918. Blacklock died in 1931. Involvement in the suffrage movement. Blacklock joined the London Chelsea branch of the Women's Social and Political Union before November 1908, when she wrote in \"Votes"}, {"text": "for Women\" about the parades wearing 'placards of purple, green, and white...acting the part of sandwich men' and speakers Mrs Penn Gaskell, Miss Naylor and (coming soon) Miss Canning being used to attract a 'fashionable audience' in Sloane Square. In April the following year, Blacklock was writing about the Chelsea Art Stall for WSPU and visit by author Laurence Housman, co-founder of the Men's League for Women's Suffrage. Blacklock was also among the first of seeking what would now be called 'crowdfunders' to help pay the rent for a local shop for merchandising materials for the WSPU in Chelsea Blacklock was arrested on 11 March 1912, for breaking windows of Charles Lynton in Picadilly, London which were valued at \u00a36 15shillings, a point disputed by her defence at the trial. Altogether one hundred and twenty-six (or two hundred and twenty women took part but not all were charged , depending on source) and the estimate of damage worth an estimated \u00a34000 or even as much as \u00a36000. The violence and arrests were described in the press as far away as Australia. Australian women had achieved the vote before the British women. Blacklock was given a severe sentence of four months"}, {"text": "imprisonment. She went on hunger strike and was force-fed. She signed an autograph book 1 May 1912, along with other prisoners at Birmingham Prison, auctioned in 2012. Blacklock was awarded one of the one hundred Hunger Strike Medals \"'for Valour\"' with the date 1 March 1912 on the bar, in recognition of her suffering for the cause by the WSPU. Since 2011 her medal has been displayed in the Museum of Australian Democracy, with a portrait of her painted by her cousin Amy Sawyers."}, {"text": "Ghassan Ramlawi (; born 3 July 1993), known professionally as Zuna, is a Lebanese-born German rapper. Biography. Ghassan Ramlawi was born in Baalbek, Lebanon and has three siblings. In 2001, when he was seven years old, he immigrated to Germany with his single mother and siblings. They lived in Munich and later moved to Switzerland where they deported back to Lebanon, when Zuna was 15 years old. In the same year, his family moved again to Germany. Since then, they have lived in Dresden. Three years later, he and his family received asylum. Since 2010, he is part of the rap group KMN Gang."}, {"text": "Karen Khachanov was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Andreas Seppi. Andrey Rublev won the title, defeating Adrian Mannarino in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20130. Seeds. The top four seeds received a bye into the second round."}, {"text": "Mood II Swing was an American house music & all media music production company, consisting of producers John Ciafone and musician Lem Springsteen, based in New York City. Selected Discography. Singles. 1. \"Living In Ecstasy\" by: Fonda Rae in 1996 (written & produced by MIIS) 2. \"Learn 2 Love\" by: Kym English in 1996 (written & produced by MIIS) 3. \"Closer\" by: Carol Slyvan in 1994 (written & produced by MIIS) 4. \"All Night Long\" by: MIIS in 1997 (written & Produced by MIIS) 5. \"Critical\" by: Gerald Lathan in 1997 (written & produced by MIIS) 6. \"Helpless\" by: Urbanized feat. Silvano in 1992 (first recording with MIIS) 7. \"Rushing\" by: Loni Clark in 1993 (written & produced by MIIS) 8. \"U\" by: Loni Clark in 1993 (written & produced by MIIS) 9. \"Let The Sunshine\" cover by: Gerideau in 1997 10. \"Can Get Away\" by: Mood II Swing in 2003 (written by Willy Washington & produced by John Ciafone for MIIS productions. 11. \"Reach 4 U\" feat. Tara J. in 2008 (written & produced by MIIS) 12. \"I Got Love\" MIIS feat. Lea-Lorien in 2004 (written & produced by MIIS) 13. \"Free\" by: Ultra Nate in 1997 (Cowritten &"}, {"text": "produced by MIIS) 14. \"Found A Cure\" by Ultra Nate in 2000 (Cowritten & produced by MIIS) 15. \"Get UP\" by: MIIS feat. Dawn Robinson in 2019 (Cowritten & produced by MIIS)- final recording"}, {"text": "Enhe Russian Ethnic Township (, ) is an ethnic township in Northeast Inner Mongolia under the administration of Ergun City. The township along the banks of the Argun River. Enhe is the only ethnic township in China designated for China's Russian minority. Enhe spans an area of , and has a population of 2,339 people as of 2017. Geography. Enhe spans an area of , with its center located north of Ergun's urban center. Enhe's terrain is largely hilly, with its elevation ranging from to above sea level. The ethnic township shares a border with Russia, determined by the Argun River. Flora and fauna. The ethnic township hosts much undisturbed nature, including large swathes of virgin forests and grasslands. Plants native to Enhe include lingonberries, blueberries, Chinese skullcaps, and dangshen. Animals native to Enhe include the Asian black bear, the Siberian roe deer, the lynx, and the Hazel grouse. Climate. Enhe experiences an average annual temperature between and , with the lowest recorded temperature being , and the highest recorded temperature being . The ethnic township experiences an average annual precipitation between and . On average, Enhe experiences 90 frost-free days per year. Demographics. As of March 2017, Enhe's population"}, {"text": "totals 2,339, and is largely Russian and descended from mixed marriages of Han Chinese and Russians. A 2019 publication from the ethnic township's government states that 1,309 of Enhe's 2,339 people, or 55.96% of its total population, is either ethnically Russian or have both Russian and Chinese heritage, whereas a 2021 publication from Ergun's municipal government suggests that 80% of Enhe's population have some Russian lineage. Lonely Planet observes that some of the people in the township \"look purely Russian\". Records of marriages between Chinese and Russians in the region date back to the 1890s from the beginning of Russian colonization of Manchuria. Unlike the conventional colonial marriage pattern of Western men marrying native women, the predominant combination in Manchuria was between Russian women and Chinese men. Mixed families are mainly settled along the towns and villages of the Argun River including Enhe, which is the only one of the settlements to be an official ethnic Russian township. In addition to Russian and Han Chinese populations, Enhe is also home to significant Mongol, Hui, Manchu, Korean, Daur, Oroqen, and Evenk populations. Economy. Sizable mineral resources run through the region, including gold, lead, zinc, iron and copper. Enhe hosts one state-owned"}, {"text": "ranch and two state-owned tree farms. Education. There is one school: Ergun City Enhe Primary School (\u989d\u5c14\u53e4\u7eb3\u5e02\u6069\u548c\u5c0f\u5b66). Tourism. Enhe has emerged as a tourism destination noted for its peaceful countryside backdrop. Lonely Planet describes Enhe as \"a charming village brimming with an unhurried and authentic atmosphere\" where \"herders milk their cows outside their properties when they aren't taking them out to pasture\". Tourism is also enhanced by the Russian cultural ties of the township including Russian bakeries and buildings with the architectural stylings of traditional Russian wooden cottages. There is also homestay accommodation in Enhe giving a representation of traditional Russian village living. There were plans to enclose the village and charge an entrance fee, though as of 2023 no such actions have been taken."}, {"text": "Zemmour is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:"}, {"text": "Sh 2-7 is an emission nebula in the Scorpius constellation. The nebula is around the star Delta Scorpii. It lies next to a large reflection nebula, Sh 2-1. According to the paper \"Interstellar magnetic cannon targeting the Galactic halo. A young bubble at the origin of the Ophiuchus and Lupus molecular complexes\", the HII region Sh 2-7 may be acting as a faraday screen, altering the polarization of the GCS."}, {"text": "Dame Jennifer Dixon is the chief executive of the Health Foundation, a large independent charity in the United Kingdom. Her work has been recognised by national and international bodies for her significant impact in driving national health policy making. Education. Dixon holds a degree in medicine from the University of Bristol, and a Masters in public health and a PhD in health services research both from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Career. Dixon trained and practised paediatric medicine before moving into public health and policy in 1990. Dixon was awarded a Harkness Fellowship in health policy in 1990 by the Commonwealth Fund in the US, spending a year in New York City. Her analyses on rationing in Oregon and relevance to the NHS were published in the Lancet and her series on US health reform published in the BMJ. She was policy advisor to the Chief Executive of the National Health Service between 1998 and 2000, Director of Policy at the King's Fund until 2008. At the King's Fund she authored key analyses including on the role of the market in the NHS, regulation in health care, improving chronic disease management and funding levels in the NHS."}, {"text": "She led the development of the nationally adopted quantitative risk stratification tool \"(Patients at Risk of Re-hospitalisation (PARR) tool)\" for primary care. Dixon was then appointed as Chief Executive of the Nuffield Trust from 2008 to 2013, completely revitalising the organisation and its influence in health policy. Dixon led a team redesigning the NHS resource allocation formula across England for the Department of Health, and which was adopted. She also led a national review for the Secretary of State, Jeremy Hunt, on whether to introduce ratings for NHS and social care providers. Her recommendations were all accepted and enacted. In 2013 she became Chief Executive of the Health Foundation. Under her leadership, the Health Foundation has grown in size, influence and profile. For example, the Foundation contributed analysis leading to a decision by the UK Government to invest an additional \u00a320 billion in the National Health Service (NHS) in 2018. The Foundation commissioned and published several national inquiries for example on the health of young people (2019), on health inequalities across England (2020), on the health impacts on the population of the COVID pandemic (2021), on how to improve the health of people in work (2025). A national commission on"}, {"text": "improving NHS productivity is ongoing. She co-founded in 2017 a new European fellowship programme for health leaders \u2013 Sciana \u2013 with Bosch Stiftung (Berlin), and Careum Stiftung (Switzerland). Dixon was pivotal in establishing a \u00a342m grant to found the innovative The Health Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute in 2016, based at Cambridge University, led by Professor Mary Dixon Woods, and its subsequent spin out THISLabs. As a renowned health policy expert, she is a regular speaker at national and international events. She regularly writes for national newspapers such as The Guardian, Financial Times and Prospect Magazine and is a regular on major current affairs and news programmes such as the BBC and Channel 4 news. Dixon hosts a monthly podcast in health policy and also regularly gives evidence at House of Commons and Lords Select Committees and parliamentary seminars. She has been a member of numerous commissions and inquiries, most recently the Pissaridies Review on The Future of Work and Wellbeing and the influential Pathways to Work Commission, chaired by former Secretary of State for Health Alan Milburn. Dixon was a trustee of the National Centre for Social Research (NatCen) (2011-2016), and has served on the board of the UK's Care"}, {"text": "Quality Commission (CQC) (2013-2016), the UK's Audit Commission (2003-2012), the UK's Healthcare Commission (2004-2009) and the UK Health Security Agency (2022\u20132024). Dixon led a national enquiry for the Secretary of State for Health, Jeremy Hunt, on whether to introduce quality rating of NHS and social care providers in England (2013) and later another enquiry about ratings for general practices (2015). She was also a member of the Parliamentary Review Panel for the Welsh Assembly Government advising on the future strategy for the NHS and social care in Wales (2016\u20132018). She has also held visiting professorships at The London School of Economics and Political Sciences (LSE), Imperial College London and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and co-authored two books on the NHS. Honours, awards and recognition. Dixon was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to public health and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2024 New Year Honours for services to the National Health Service and public health. Other. Dixon is an exhibited artist (known as Jennifer Vorhaus). Her COVID wire lungs featured in the Royal Academy of Arts\u2019 Summer"}, {"text": "Exhibition in 2021."}, {"text": "170 (Infrastructure Support) Engineer Group was an engineering group of the British Army's Corps of Royal Engineers. History. Military Works Force. In 1978, following the 1975 Mason Review, the Military Works Force was formed at Chetwynd Barracks to control the Corps of Royal Engineers's works groups. It controlled the specialist engineering units and helped in commanding and providing those special services. The group was originally formed with the control of just two Commanders Royal Engineers (CREs) each with three Specialist Teams Royal Engineers (STREs), but this force was later expanded. At one time, the command controlled 530 STRE (Maintenance), but it is unknown when this STRE was formed, disbanded, and assigned to the group. The four CREs of the command included; 170 Engineer Group. In 2003, the 2003 Delivering Security in a Changing World reforms were announced. By 2005, engineer groups were regulated and renamed, one the changes being the Military Work Force being renamed as 170 (Infrastructure Support) Engineer Group and placed under the 8th Force Engineer Brigade. In addition to the changed of the group, the CRE units were re-titled as Works Groups. The name was also brought to represent the group as a military organisation rather than"}, {"text": "a civil organisation. Between 2005 and 2023, the group saw many units come and go, those who were included, but no longer; During the sub-groups' time within the engineer group, many saw themselves take on a territorial, later reserve, specialist team. Following the initial Army 2020 reforms, each works group control a reserve specialist team regularly, as opposed to randomly for deployments. Following these initial reforms, the group was due to take control of the Royal Monmouthshire Militia, but this was reverted in 2015 when the refine announced they were to move under control of Headquarters Royal Engineers, 3rd (United Kingdom) Division. In 2015, the Army 2020 Refine was published, as an \"updated chapter\" to the initial Army 2020 reform. Under this refine, the group HQ is to move to Gamecock Barracks, and is also due to have a decrease of 9 personnel. Disbandment. 170 (Infrastructure Support) Engineer Group disbanded in September 2022, with all the units resubordinating to 12 (Force Support Engineer) Group. Structure on disbandment. At disbandment, the group had the following structure; Commander. Commanders of the Engineer Group included:"}, {"text": "The 2019\u201320 NACAM Formula 4 Championship season was the fifth season of the NACAM Formula 4 Championship. It began on 25 October 2019 at the Aut\u00f3dromo Hermanos Rodr\u00edguez in Mexico City and ended on 18 October 2020 at Aut\u00f3dromo de Monterrey after seven rounds. Race calendar. All rounds were held in Mexico. The first round was held in support of the 2019 Mexican Grand Prix. Following the fourth round, the remainder of the season was altered due to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic. On 17 August 2020 it was announced that the fifth round scheduled at Parque Tangamanga was moved to Aut\u00f3dromo de Quer\u00e9taro, which also hosted the sixth round. On 9 October 2020 the series announced a new date for the season finale. Championship standings. Points were awarded to the top 10 classified finishers in each race."}, {"text": "The Castellet de Banyoles is an ancient Iberian city and archaeological site dating from the 3rd century BC, located in the modern town of Tivissa, near the River Ebro in the Ribera d'Ebre region of Catalonia. The site is mainly known for its pentagonal towers flanking the entrance, unique among the protohistoric fortifications of the Iberian Peninsula and the treasure that was found in 1927, composed of a set of silver and gold decorated vessels. Built around the first half of the 4th century BC, its life came quickly to an end in a generalised destruction, produced by a Roman siege, possibly during the Revolts of Indibil and Mandonius (206-205 BC) or, most likely, during the Campaign of Cato the Elder (195 BC). Evidences of the Roman camp have been identified outside the walled enclosure. Another Spanish Property of Cultural Interest with the same name is located in the site, composed by the ruins of a medieval castle facing the left margin of the river. Etymology. The name \"Castellet de Banyoles\" (\"Banyoles' Little Castle\") comes from the 12th century castle built in the south-western corner of the site. A document from 1153 cites the place as \"caput de Bannoles\" (head/bulge"}, {"text": "of Banyoles). Banyoles is thought to derive from a Latin term meaning \"baths\"; in this case, referring to the surrounding wetlands, although it could as well derive from an anthroponym. Geography. The site is located about from the modern town of Tivissa, in a plain headland facing the left side of the Ebro river, in an altitude of above sea level. The shape of the headland is that of an isosceles triangle, with the shortest side facing the river and the closest angle being the entrance of the city. The site is surrounded by steep cliffs that make it impossible to access from anywhere but the narrow funnel entrance. Facing the walled city, stood around of arable land."}, {"text": "Sh 2-9, also known as Gum 65, is combination emission and reflection nebula in the Scorpius constellation, surrounding the multiple star system Sigma Scorpii. Sigma Scorpii is 1\u00b0 to the northwest of Messier 4, and the nebula can be easily seen with small telescopes. Sharpless 9 is a red emission nebula that surrounds the star Sigma Scorpii. It is thought the star Sigma Scorpii, a variable giant star, is ionizing this region. It is also recorded as reflection nebula C130. This region is noted as both an emission and reflection nebula, although sometimes only one aspect is noted. The magnitude 1.1 Antares is 2\u00b0 to the southeast of this nebula. One of strongest 2.3 GHz sources in the region coincides with Sharpless 9. There is a radio source on the edge, and it has been proposed that this is because there is a collision between this nebula and the dark nebula Kh 527. Catalogs. Examples:"}, {"text": "The Feni River is a trans-boundary river located in Bangladesh, and the water rights have been a source of dispute between India and Bangladesh. It originates in the South Tripura district and flows through Sabroom town, entering Bangladesh. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed between Bangladesh and India, allowing India to withdraw 1.82 cubic feet per second (cu sec) of water (equal to 51.4 litres per second) from the Feni River. These two countries have signed seven bilateral documents concerning the water disputes. Details. Bangladesh and India have signed seven bilateral documents to strengthen relations between the respective countries. The agreement was signed between the Ministry of Water Resources of Bangladesh and Ministry of Jal Shakti, India, in New Delhi. The purpose of this accord is to provide a supply of drinking water to the Sabroom Town of Tripura. The two PMs directed a technical committee of the Joint Rivers Commission to expeditiously exchange updated data and information and prepare a draft framework for interim sharing agreements for the six rivers, namely Manu, Muhuri, Khowai, Gumti, Dharla and Dudhkumar. The committee was also directed to firm-up the draft framework of the Feni River's interim sharing agreement. Before this"}, {"text": "agreement, India had been alleged to have illegally withdrew water from the Feni River. India set 36 low-lifting pumps in No man's land between Shilachori to Amlighat of south Tripura. BGB of Bangladesh warned India to remove the pumps, but they did not oblige. By building the pump house, India may have broken the international border law. Aftermath. Bangladesh will face some problems if India withdraws more than 1.82 cusecs of water because it may affect the Muhuri-Feni irrigation project, which utilizes the water from the Feni River. Around 230.076 hectares land area is under the Muhuri-Feni irrigation project. The deal on the Feni river comes amid Bangladesh's frustration over refusal to sign the Teesta deal, which was scheduled to be finalized during the Indian PM at the time, Manmohan Singh\u2019s visit to Dhaka in 2011. It was not possible due to opposition from West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee. Water from the Teesta is crucial for Bangladesh's northern region where farmers depend heavily on underground water for irrigation during the lean season. Controversy. After criticising the government online, Abrar Fahad (b. 13 May 1998- d. 7 Oct 2019), a second year student of electrical and electronic engineering at the"}, {"text": "department of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), was tortured and then killed by Buet's Chhatra League leaders inside Buet's Sher-e-Bangla Hall. The incident that led to this was Fahad's Facebook post, in which he expressed his critical views about Bangladesh's agreement with India to allow the withdrawal of water from the Feni River. An autopsy report confirmed that Fahad was beaten to death for at least four hours by blunt objects (cricket stumps and bamboo sticks)."}, {"text": "Gates White McGarrah II (July 20, 1863 \u2013 November 5, 1940) was a prominent American banker who served as the first president of the Bank for International Settlements. Early life. McGarrah was born on July 20, 1863, in Monroe, Orange County, New York. He was the son of Theodore McGarrah (1835\u20131907), a country storekeeper, and Mary Abbott (n\u00e9e Pearsall) McGarrah (1834\u20131917). Among his siblings was younger brother Eugene McGarrah, and younger sister, Ella McGarrah. His paternal grandparents were Gates White McGarrah\u2014the son of New York Assemblyman John McGarrah\u2014and Mary Ann (n\u00e9e VanDuzer) McGarrah. His maternal grandfather was Rowland Pearsall. He attended grade and high schools in Orange County. Career. At the age of 18, McGarrah moved to nearby Goshen, New York, where he was employed by the Goshen National Bank beginning in 1881. In 1883, he began his first job in New York was as a check clerk in the Produce Exchange Bank. In 1892, he was made assistant cashier of the Bank. Later in his career he was known as one of the \"Country Boys as City Bankers.\" In 1898, he became cashier of the Leather Manufacturers National Bank, before becoming its president in 1902. The Bank merged with"}, {"text": "the Mechanic's National Bank in 1904 and McGarrah was chosen to be president of the merged bank. While he ran Mechanic, it acquired the Fourth National Bank, the National Copper Bank, and the Produce Exchange Bank before it merged with Chase National Bank in 1926. After the 1926 merger, he became chairman of the executive committee of the Chase Bank. In 1903, McGarrah, along with the American Bankers Association, was one of the founders of the American Institute of Banking which provided professional education via examinations and certificates. During the Panic of 1907, he was a member of the New York Clearing House Association, later serving as its president. In 1918, as head of the Mechanics and Metals Bank, he was aligned with William P. G. Harding, Chairman of the Federal Reserve, in his fear of \"unsettlement as result of general adoption of higher rates on deposits.\" On August 30, 1924, he was appointed as the American director of the general council of the Reichsbank, the central bank of Germany from 1876 until 1945. McGarrah was quoted as saying: \"There is no wizardry in finance. The only foundation for success is patience, hard work and good friends.\" From 1923 to"}, {"text": "1926, McGarrah, a Republican, served as a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In 1927, he was appointed by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in Washington as Federal Reserve agent and chairman of the board in New York. He also served as a director of the Astor Trust Company, the Bankers Trust Company and the Mercantile Trust Company. He was a member of the board of directors of the Astor Foundation, which owned \"Newsweek\". In April 1930, McGarrah became the first president and chairman of the board of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, established to \"clear German reparations and interallied debts and to develop new facilities for international banking.\" He was nominated to represent the American banking system on the \"directorate of the world bank\" by a group of private bankers (including J.P. Morgan & Co., the First National Bank of New York, and the First National Bank of Chicago) after \"the State Department of the United States had refused to allow the Federal Reserve to participate formally in the world bank.\" He served as president, with a staff representing ten nationalities and speaking four languages, that operated twenty-four currencies and had investments"}, {"text": "from Tokyo to Rome and Helsinki, until his retirement in 1933. Personal life. On October 6, 1886, McGarrah was married to Elizabeth Wallace (1863\u20131951) in Goshen. Elizabeth was the daughter of John Wallace and Mary (n\u00e9e Strong) Wallace. Together, they lived in New York City and Woods Hole, Massachusetts (where they had a summer home), and were the parents of: He was a member of the Metropolitan Club, the Riding Club, the City Club, the Down Town Club, the Midday Club, the Brook Club, the Bankers Club, the Tuxedo Club, the Links Club, the Recess Club, the Orange County Club, the New York Yacht Club, the Racquet and Tennis Club, and Union League Club in New York, serving as its president for some time. Peruvian artist Carlos Baca-Flor painted a portrait of McGarrah, as did A. S. Nowell. For a time, the McGarrah's lived in a large mansion at 740 Madison Avenue and East 64th Street owned by Charles Jefferson Harrah and altered by architect Mantle Fielding. He later lived at 635 Park Avenue. McGarrah died at the Doctors Hospital in Manhattan on November 5, 1940. After a funeral at the Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas, he was buried at"}, {"text": "Slate Hill Cemetery in Goshen. In his 1940 obituary in \"Time\" magazine, they called him \"Silent Gates\" and \"Tycoon McGarrah\" (from a 1930 story). His widow, who lived at 400 Park Avenue after his death, died at their home in Goshen in October 1951. Descendants. Through his daughter Marion, he was a grandfather of former Director of Central Intelligence and United States Ambassador to Iran, Richard McGarrah Helms (1913\u20132002). In 1950, Helms published \"The Gates W. McGarrah Collection of Presidential Autographs\", photostats of sixty-eight autograph letters of the presidents from George Washington through Theodore Roosevelt, assembled by McGarrah. Another grandson, World War II naval officer, Gates McGarrah Helms, was married to Mount Holyoke College graduate, Alberta Brantley Loughran, daughter of Roger Hall Loughran. Through his daughter Helen, he was a grandfather to three boys, Hugh Watson, David Watson and Michael Watson."}, {"text": "The \"Forbes\" list of Australia's 50 richest people is the annual survey of the fifty wealthiest people resident in Australia, published by \"Forbes Asia\" on 15 January 2019. The net worth of the wealthiest individual, Gina Rinehart, was estimated to be 14.80 billion; while the net worth of the 50th wealthiest individual, Michael Heine, was estimated to be 750 million."}, {"text": "The SNX8 is a sorting nexin protein involved in intracellular molecular traffic from the early endosomes to the trans-golgi network. It is suggested that it acts as an adaptor protein in events related to immune response and cholesterol regulation, for example. As a protein of the SNXs family, the SNX8 is formed of 465 aminoacids and presents a BAR domain and a PX domain which are very relevant in relation to its functions. Furthermore, SNX8 study is motivated by its medical significance in relation to diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, neurodevelopmental malformations and to its role in fighting against viral infections. Structure. Sorting nexins (SNXs). SNX8 belongs to the sorting nexin family of proteins, which mainly contain two functional membrane-binding that allow SNXs to have different roles in endosomal sorting and protein trafficking thanks to its membrane curvature ability. To begin with, SNX-PX is a distinct phosphoinositide (PI)-binding domain. The preferential interaction of this domain with membrane lipids makes the main function of SNX-PX the targeting of proteins to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) to endosomes. On the other hand, the BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs) domain is a key regulator of phosphoinositide-mediated, tubular-based endosomal sorting. Accordingly, this domain also dimerizes to sense, stabilize and"}, {"text": "induce membrane curvature. The SNX-BAR proteins that contain both domains are a part of phosphoinositide-enriched, high-curvature tubular micro-domains of the endo-lysosomal network. The mammalian genome contains 12 genes coding for SNX-BAR proteins (SNX1, SNX2, SNX4, SNX9, SNX18, SNX32 and SNX33). Other domains, such as PDZ (postsynaptic density protein-95, discs-large, zona occludens-1), SH3 (Src homology 3) and RA (Ras-associated), are involved in protein-protein interactions. SNX8. The SNX8 protein, even though is very similar to the other sorting nexins, presents a domain structure which resembles the most to SNX1's and SNX9's; for this reason, although its terciary structure remains unknown, it theoretically resembles that of SNX9 shown in the model above. Overall, the SNX8 protein is integrated by one unique peptide chain that has 465 amino acids with a molecular mass of 52.569 Da. PX Domain-containing N-terminus. SNX8 contains a PX domain in its N-terminus, which is located between amino acids 71 and 181. A homology domain with yeast's PX domain is localized between amino acids 75 and 178 within this same domain. As it is a phosphoinositide-binding domain, it is important to highlight amino acids 109, 135 and 148 as residues directly related to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate since being specific binding sites,"}, {"text": "constituting a phosphoinositid binding site with a span of 40 amino acids. Furthermore, it includes a pair of phosphorylable tyrosines in positions 95 and 126 that are key in its function in the IFN\u03b3-triggered IKK\u03b2-mediated noncanonical signaling pathway. Overall, the PX domain main function is to target SNX8 mainly to early endosomes and other membranes rich in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate phospholipids. BAR Domain-containing C-terminus. SNX contains a BAR domain in its C-terminus, which is located between amino acids 256 and 440. Its ability to form coatings in membranes in order to induce their curvature is key in SNX8 participation in tubular structures formation. Furthermore, SNX8 C-terminus contains a threonine in position 452 and a serine in position 456 which can go through post-traductional changes that induces its phosphorylation, resulting in a phosphothreonine and a phosphoserine. Therefore, there are classified as phosphorylation sites. MVP1 ortholog. SNX8 has a yeast ortholog protein, the MVP1 encoded by the also homolog gene Mvp1p, which also plays a role by mediating transport of cargo to the vacuolar and lysosomal compartments. For this reason, its investigation can lead to a better understanding of SNX8 functions in human cells. Biological functions and its molecular mechanisms. SNX8 is thought"}, {"text": "to be an adaptor protein involved in the endosome-to-Golgi transport pathway, participating in endocytosis and endosomal sorting and signaling. It downregulates retrograde transport of intracellular proteins from the early endosome compartment to the trans-Golgi network in a retromer-mediated manner. SNX8 is therefore localized in early endosomes, as its colocalization with components of the retromer such as SNX1, SNX2, Vps26 and Vps35 has been demonstrated by some studies (and also with EEA1). Furthermore, the dynamics of endosomal structures with SNX8-enriched membrane domains are regulated by the opposite motor proteins dynein-1 containing LIC1 and kinesin-1, both of which allow SNX8-mediated cargo movement through the cytosol by exerting forces on these structures. The biological functions of SNX8 that have been studied, all of which involve its role in intracellular endosomal transport, are explained in more detail in the following sections. Innate immune response. Cytosolic RNA virus-triggered response. SNX8 is a key component in the induction of downstream effector antiviral gene transcription in response to RNA viruses, as it is necessary for RLR-mediated activation of the IFN\u03b2 promoter that leads to host defense in a dose-dependent manner. It positively regulates the aggregation and activation of VISA, a key adaptor protein involved in the innate"}, {"text": "immune response against this type of infections; this process is critical in the recruitment of other signaling components. Although SNX8's standard localization includes the cytoplasm and other compartments such as the ER, the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, the Golgi apparatus or endosomes, it is partially localized at mitochondria. Furthermore, RNA viral infections cause the translocation of SNX8 from the cytosol to the mitochondria. During the early stage of the infection, SNX8 association with VISA increases above constitutive levels (degradation of VISA in later stages results in a reduction of this phenomenon). Structurally, the C-terminus transmembrane domain of VISA and both N-terminus PX domain and C-terminus of SNX8 are necessary for this linkage. The formation of the SNX8-VISA complex potentiates VISA prion-like polymerization and aggregation. After VISA activation, its accumulation allows the recruitment of signaling components which play a role in RLR-mediated antiviral response activation such as the intermediates of this pathway TBK1, IRF3, I\u03baB\u03b1 or ISRE. IRF3 cooperative activation with NF-\u03baB transcription factor through phosphorylation leads to the induction of the IFN\u03b2 promoter transcription. Examples of genes whose RNA virus-triggered expression is stimulated by SNX8 are IFNB1, ISG56 and IL6 (being IL6 and IFNB1 related to cytokine secretion). In addition, SNX8"}, {"text": "also plays a role in RIG-I containing CARD domain-mediated and MDA5-mediated activation of the IFN\u03b2 promoter, since VISA works as an intermediate for both signaling pathways. The mechanism for SNX8 recruitment to VISA remains unclear, although two options have been suggested: translocation of viral RNA-bound RIG-I or MDA5 to VISA may result in a conformational switch that would increase its affinity for SNX8 or the RNA virus may induce post-translational modifications of one of these proteins allowing the translocation of SNX8 to mitochondria for its interaction with VISA. Cytosolic DNA virus-triggered response. SNX8 is a key component in the induction of downstream effector antiviral gene transcription in response to DNA viruses, as it is necessary for MITA-mediated activation of the IFN\u03b2 promoter in a dose-dependent manner. It regulates the activation of MITA, a central adaptor protein in the innate immune response to DNA viral infections that activates and onsets the antiviral response, by allowing its association with the class III phosphatylinositol 3 kinase VPS34-containing translocon machinery to form the MITA-Vps34 translocation complex; this linkage is crucial for MITA transport from the ER to perinuclear microsomal punctuate structures, which are induced by infection of viruses such as HSV-1, via Golgi mediated"}, {"text": "intracellular traffic. This MITA transport pathway is vital for the immune response to start. SNX8 is suggested to play a role in MITA's activation through this transport pathway, modulating its phosphorylation at serine in position 366 and recruiting the transcription factor IRF3 whose activation is important in the activation of the IFN\u03b2 promoter transcription. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that MITA, SNX8 and VPS34 colocalize in the cytoplasm, and that SNX8 localization in ER, ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, Golgi and endosomes is similar to that of MITA. Examples of genes whose DNA virus-triggered expression is stimulated by SNX8 are IFNB1, ISG56, CXCL10 and IL6 (being IFNB1 and IL6 related to cytokine secretion). IFN\u03b3-triggered IKK\u03b2-mediated noncanonical signaling pathway. SNX8 is a component of an IKK\u03b2-mediated noncanonical signaling pathway triggered by the interferon gamma, which takes places parallelly to the more known IFN\u03b3-induced JAK-STAT1 mediated pathway. Overall, it participates in a series of chemical reactions and molecular interactions that lead to the selective promotion of a particular subset of downstream effector gene transcription that encode IFN\u03b3-induced GTPases of the GBP family, which participate in host defense against intracellular pathogens, and secretion proteins of the chemokine family such as CXCL9, CXCL10, and"}, {"text": "CXCL11 which present direct antimicrobial activity. In addition, SNX8 enhances the IFN\u03b3-induced activation of the IRF1 promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, the steps of this pathway that are regulated by SNX8 are the following. The reception of IFN\u03b3 activates Janus kinase 1, resulting in the stimulation of its association with Sxn8 above standard constitutive levels. The link between these two protein within the JAK1-SNX8 complex allows JAK1 to catalyse SNX8's tyrosines phosphorylation in positions 95 and 126. This phosphorylation activates the JAK1-SNX, and the SNX8 acts as an adaptor or scaffolding protein by permitting the recruitment of the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKK\u03b2) to JAK1 in the JAK1-SNX8-IKK\u03b2 complex. This linkage is essential for IKK\u03b2 activation through autophosphorylation at serine in position 177 (as SNX8 lacks enzymatic activity) and further dimerization and oligomerization. Cholesterol regulation. SNX8 protein regulates cholesterol levels as an activator of the SREBPs (Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins), which is a family of transcription factors that control the expression of enzymes needed for the synthesis and uptake of fatty acids, endogenous cholesterol, triacylglycerides and phospholipids; this results in an overall regulation of intracellular lipid homeostasis. Although its precise mechanism of action remains unknown,"}, {"text": "data suggests that SNX8 produces changes in cholesterol distribution through regulation of the SREBP transcriptional activity by modulating intracellular traffic events rather than by interacting with proteins of the SREBP pathway like INSIG or SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). For example, it is unclear if SNX8 has a direct participation in the transport of SREBP pathway components or if it regulates endosomal and lysosomal compartmentalization through the production of cholesterol cargoes. This last possibility is supported by the fact that the ability of altering membrane curvature is shared by some proteins of the SNXs family. It has been observed that variation in cholesterol levels alter SNX8 transcription: it remains unaltered in conditions of moderate high concentrations of cholesterol, and it experiments a decrease in conditions of restricted levels of cholesterol due to the action of the fungus-derived cholesterol-lowering statin mevinolin and the drug U18666a which promotes cytosolic cholesterol clustering within the endosomal and lysosomal compartments by acting as an intracellular cholesterol transport inhibitor. On the other hand, SNX8 overexpression induces intracellular clustering of cholesterol under conditions of high cellular cholesterol levels and aggravates abnormal distribution of cholesterol. In relation to the SREBP pathway, SNX8 is not able to successfully reduce the"}, {"text": "inhibitory impact of cholesterol on SREBP-mediated transcription, but it has an important effect that counteracts the block of this pathway triggered by the insulin-induced gene INSIG. Intracellular non-amyloidogenic APP traffic. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is consecutively transported from the ER after its synthesis to the plasma membrane via the trans-Golgi network; during this traffic, the neuroprotective soluble fragment sAPP\u03b1 is produced as a product of APP cleavage by \u03b1-secretases. Lately, APP that reaches the membrane without being severed can be internalized into endosomes in order to be proteolytically processed through two parallel pathways: an amyloidogenic pathway via acidified late endosomes and a non-amyloidogenic or anti-myloidogenic retrograde pathway via Golgi apparatus. The amyloidogenic pathway leads to APP processing by \u03b3-secretases and \u03b2-secretases such as BACE1, resulting in production of the neurotoxic amyloid beta (A\u03b2) peptide that accumulates in extracellular locations forming senile plaques. SNX8 promotes non-amyloidogenic transport from the Golgi apparatus to other cellular locations, leading to an increase of APP levels, a stimulated distribution throughout the outer face of cell membrane, an enhanced sAPP\u03b1 secretion and a reduced A\u03b2 production (specifically, production of A\u03b240 and A\u03b242) . In addition, SNX8 improves APP stability, which is responsible for a longer"}, {"text": "lifespan, without having any effect in its mRNA transcription. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that SNX8 mainly colocalizes with Rab5 at early endosomes and partially with Rab4 at recycling endosomes, with Rab7 at late endosomes and with Giantin at Golgi apparatus. Construction of tubular profiles. Although the endosomal compartment is composed of vesicular and tubular structures, it has been demonstrated that sorting involving recycling pathways is mainly tubule-mediated. Therefore, tubular structures building is essential for the activity of SNXs containing BAR domains (such as SNX1, SNX4 or SNX8) as phosphoinositide-mediated endosomal sorting proteins. This BAR domain allows them to assembly in a dose-dependent manner a helical coat with the capacity to detect, promote and stabilize the curvature of endosomal vesicular membranes into tubular profiles during the so-called incidence detection process, specially in phosphoinosited-enriched regions where they are localized thanks to the affinity of the PX domain for these membrane phospholipids. In particular, SNX8 colocalizes with Rab5 at early endosomes membranes and at the tubular endosomal network (TEN) around the endosomal vacuole, which is an important compartment for successful sorting of cargoes. It is also worth mentioning the existing coupling of tubular structures formation and the maduration processes from"}, {"text": "early endosomes to late endosomes, which is mainly characterized by a retrograde movement from the cell periphery to a juxtanuclear position, an acidification of early endosomes lumen and a switch from Rab5 GTPase to Rab7 GTPase. The construction of these tubules, which is important for SNX-mediated endosomal sorting, experiments an important acceleration during this transition process; therefore, it is suggested that SNX8 may be involved in the transport of endogenous acid environment-requiring cargo. In addition, as SNX8 interacts with elements of the retromer, it is important to highlight the role of both subcomplexes of the retromer in the coordinated relationship between endosomal maturation and the generation of tubular profiles from vesicular structures. Medical and clinical significance. Alzheimer's disease. Insoluble accumulations of \u03b2-amyloid peptide in brain regions related to memory and cognition are a defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). SNX8 has a neuroprotective role related to AD: it enhances the non-amyloidogenic APP pathway and, hence, reduces the A\u03b2 plaques and deposit accumulations and suppresses cognitive impairment caused by AD. Some studies found that SNX8 levels were drastically lower in patients with AD. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that SNX8 overexpression mediated by adeno-associated virus (AVV) reduced A\u03b2 levels and reversed"}, {"text": "cognitive impairment in AD mice. It is also important mentioning that a pair of polymorphisms (rs2286206 and rs10249052) within the human SNX8 gene locus have also been associated with late-onset AD. Neurodevelopmental disorders. Several case studies studying deletions in the 7p22.3 genomic region, where the SNX8 gene is located, found that it contributes to neurodevelopmental problems with considerable impairments in the motor, cognitive and socio-emotional areas, with malformations in the heart and craniofacial structures, with developmental, intellectual and language delay, with mild intellectual disability and with cognitive impairment associated with autism in some cases. This idea is supported by the fact that the overlapping deleted regions of the different patients of these studies contained SNX8, which suggests that it is one of the accountable genes. Antiviral activity. SNX8 plays an antiviral role against \"Listeria monocytogenes\" through the IFN\u03b3-triggered IKK\u03b2-mediated noncanonical signaling pathway; murine cells expressing SNX8 under this infection showed a higher expression and secretion of IFN\u03b2 and IL6 cytokines in blood and lower presence of bacteria in liver and spleens, which resulted in a reduction of \"Listeria monocytogenes\" lethality, in comparison to SNX8-negative induced murine cells. In addition, SNX8 plays an antiviral role against DNA viruses such as HSV-1"}, {"text": "through the MITA-mediated activation of the IFN\u03b2 promoter; murine cells expressing SNX8 under this infection showed a higher expression and secretion of IFN\u03b2 and IL6 cytokines in blood and a decreased presence of cerebral viral titers, which resulted in a reduction of HSV-1 lethality, in comparison to SNX8-negative induced murine cells. Finally, SNX8 also plays an antiviral role against RNA viruses such as SeV (Sendai virus) through VISA-mediated activation of the IFN\u03b2 promoter; murine cells expressing SNX8 under this infection showed a higher expression and secretion of IFN\u03b2 and IL6 cytokines in blood and a reduced presence of viral accumulations, which resulted in a reduction of SeV lethality, in comparison to SNX8-negative induced murine cells. Cardiac malformations. It is suggested that SNX8 participates in the development of the embryonic cardiac tissue since the gene is expressed with cells within the area of heart. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that SNX8 activity has been associated to sortin nexin L, a protein of the same family encoded by the SNX21 gene, which plays a role in the development of the embryonic liver. Deletions of chromosome 7p22 that induce happloinsufficiency of SNX8 among other genes (FTSJ2, NUDTI and MAD1L1) seem to"}, {"text": "cause craniosynostosis, dysmorphic features and cardiac malformations encompassing tetralogy of Fallot, one of the most common cyanotic congenital heart defects. Nevertheless, evidence demonstrates the existence of patients with SNX8 deletion whose cardiac tissue development does not experience any alteration. Finally, although cardiac malformation requires SNX8 haploinsufficiency, its deletion is not enough to cause this malformations on its own. Relationship between cardiac malformations and cholesterol regulation. SNX8 role in cholesterol levels regulation is markedly relevant since disruption of intracellular cholesterol metabolism and trafficking is the main cause of multiple human disorders. For example, some studies suggest that SNX8 deletions might produce cardiac malformations since its function in normal cholesterol levels regulations would be completely impaired. Neuropathic pain. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the SNX8 gene are related to neuropathy due to its role in endosomal content sorting. Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating pain condition caused by a nervous system lesion or dysfunction, which usually emerges after head and neck cancer treatment. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that other SNXs activity has also been identified with other pain conditions. Cancer. Some mutations of SNX8 have been related to certain types of cancer, specially to stomach and endometrial cancer. The"}, {"text": "bar plot on the right shows the proportion of tumor samples from 15 cancer types that have any kind of altering mutations in the given protein. Moreover, some studies seem to draw an important relationship between different type of cancers and SNX8 expression; although most of the patients with colorectal, stomach or testis cancer showed high levels of SNX8, almost any patient with prostate, endometrial or carcinoid cancer presented low or any concentrations of SNX8. The rationale behind this differential phenotype of SNX8 synthesis remains unclear."}, {"text": "Baldev Singh (born 23 August 1951) is an Indian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Rectoris longifinus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs. minnows and related fishes. This species is endemic to Yunnan in China. This species was fisrt formally described) in 2002 from Zhoxi in Shilin County and said to be similar to \"R. posehensis\", however, other authors consider that this species is unlikely to be a member of the genus \"Rectoris\" and that it is generic placement awaits further study."}, {"text": "Ashok Diwan (born 9 August 1954) is an Indian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Mohinder Singh (3 April 1953 \u2013 19 September 1977) was an Indian field hockey player. He was part of the Indian team that won the 1975 Men's Hockey World Cup and he was high scorer for India scoring 4 goals in that world cup tournament. He also competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1970 Asian Games where he did not appear in any matches. Gill worked in the Punjab Police as a sub inspector. He died in the Civil Hospital, Jalandhar \"after a short illness\" The report of his death gives his age as 26."}, {"text": "No Ransom is a 1934 American film directed by Fred C. Newmeyer."}, {"text": "Syed Ali (born 21 August 1956) is an Indian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was from Uttarakhand."}, {"text": "Motichoor Chaknachoor is a 2019 Indian comedy drama film directed by debutante Debamitra Biswal and produced by Rajesh Bhatia and Kiran Bhatia under Woodpecker Movies Private Limited in association with Viacom 18 Studios. Starring Nawazuddin Siddiqui and Athiya Shetty in the lead roles. The film also stars Vibha Chibber, Navni Parihar, Vivek Mishra, Karuna Pandey, Sanjeev Vats, Abhishek Rawat, Sapna Sand and Usha Nagar in supporting roles. It follows the story of a 36-year-old man, Pushpinder Tyagi, working abroad in Dubai, trying to find a wife back home in Bhopal, meets his much younger neighbor, Anita \"Ani\" Awasthi, who wants to marry someone settled abroad. The film was theatrically released in India on 19 November 2019. Although the subject got mixed reviews, it earned praise for Nawazuddin Siddiqui's performance. On 24 January 2020, the film was released on Netflix and it was instant hit with the audience and trended for six weeks amongst Top 10 viewed movies. Plot. Anita \"Anny\" Awasthi, a girl from a middle-class family in Bhopal, has turned down several marriage proposals because she is desperate to marry an NRI and settle abroad. Ani meets her neighbor Pushpinder Tyagi, an accountant in Dubai who has returned to"}, {"text": "Bhopal to find a bride. He is 36 years old and is desperate to marry any willing girl no matter her appearance or personality. His mother Indu, is concerned only about the dowry her son can fetch. Ani's unmarried aunt, Prabha, encourages Ani to convince Pushpinder to marry her so she can settle in Dubai. Pushpinder and his family meet an apparently wealthy family for a marriage proposal. Both families agree for marriage, Indu makes a demand for dowry to which girl's family rejects. In a fit of rage, Indu calls off the wedding. Realizing that Pushpinder is a mama's boy who would never cross his mother, Ani talks him into eloping with her. When they show up back at the family's doorstep already married, the two families are forced to accept their marriage and start preparing for a wedding ceremony. Despite Indu's anger that Ani's family cannot afford her dowry demands, the wedding goes ahead as planned. When Ani's father discreetly offers Pushpinder a portion of the dowry amount, he refuses to take it because he does not believe in the concept of dowry. Ani overhears their conversation and gains more respect for Pushpinder. Nevertheless, she feels no attraction"}, {"text": "for him and cannot consummate the marriage. News arrives from Dubai that Pushpinder has been fired from his job there, to which he reveals that he has secured a job in Bhopal and plans to settle here. This enrages Indu and Ani, who both desperately want Pushpinder to move back to Dubai. Soon Pushpinder is offered his Dubai job back with raised pay. Indu tells Pushpinder to take the job, to which he refuses by saying Dubai does not suit him, he misses everyone and wishes to stay close to his family. Indu then advises Ani not to consummate the marriage until he agrees to return to Dubai. Pushpinder, overhearing them discuss their plan, argues with Ani and slaps her. Infuriated Ani goes back to her parents' house but her father tells her to work it out as it was her decision to marry Pushpinder. She leaves both homes and stands outside her house until Pushpinder's grandmother convinces her to come inside. Ani stays angry with Pushpinder even after he makes some attempts to reconcile. One night, Pushpinder abruptly leaves for Dubai. He leaves a note to Ani in which he apologizes for slapping her. He also encloses a one-way"}, {"text": "ticket to Singapore so that her dream of settling abroad may yet come true. In Pushpinder's absence, Indu and Ani see the error of their ways. Indu regrets forcing Pushpinder into working in Dubai to satisfy her financial needs. Ani regrets marrying Pushpinder without any personal attachment solely from a desire to leave India. Meanwhile, Pushpinder, unable to leave his family behind, returns. His sudden reappearance sparks a reconciliation with Indu and Ani. Pushpinder and Ani dash off at last to consummate their marriage. Production. The film was shot extensively in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The highlight of the film was that all actors were speaking the Bundelkhandi language, and had to attend workshop to learn the dialect perfectly. Director Debamitra Biswal was accused and caught in Rs 32 lakh fraud. A statement petition filed on 6 November 2019 at a court of sub-judge in Saran Chapra Bihar (Suit no 855 of 2019) states that Biswal has admitted to selling the rights of the movie and taking the money fraudulently without the knowledge of production house and studio Soundtrack. The film's music is composed by Bharat \u2013 Hitarth, Ramji Gulati, Arjuna Harjai, Amjad Nadeem Aamir and Siddhart Amit Bhavsar while lyrics"}, {"text": "are written by Kumaar, Siddhart Amit Bhavsar and Bharat Menaria. Box office. \"Motichoor Chaknachoor\" was highly anticipated, but due to its conservative release model, earned little at the box office. However, it was a decent success on Netflix. Despite touching upon important subject like dowry and fascination of NRI lifestyle, the film underperformed commercially."}, {"text": "Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, popularly known as ATAP, is a state-owned tertiary institution in Bauchi State, Nigeria. It was established by Edict No. 1 of 1988. The institution offers National Diploma and Higher National Diploma courses at undergraduate levels. There are seven unit schools in two campuses of the polytechnic. Courses offered in Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic. School of Engineering (SOE) SCHOOL OF GENERAL STUDIES (SGS) SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY (SET) \"School of Vocational and Technical Education\". PRE-NCE COURSES School of information and office technology Management School of Management Studies (SMS) The Polytechnic Library. The main Library has information resources related to the courses offered in the institution with staffs that collect, organize, process and disseminate those information to both staffs and students of the polytechnic."}, {"text": "Chand Singh (born 25 March 1949) is an Indian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Camp Aranu'tiq is a sleepaway camp for transgender children. It is operated by Harbor Camps, Inc., a nonprofit organization that runs camps for children and youth from marginalized populations, including those with dwarfism and craniofacial abnormalities. The camp is located in New Hampshire. History. Camp Aranu'tiq was founded in 2009 by Nick Teich, a transgender man who had been asked to stop working at a sleepaway camp as a result of his transition. He realized that transgender children would go through the same issue of being kept out of gender-segregated spaces and thought that they should have a place where they felt completely comfortable. The name \"Aranu'tiq\" is a Chugach word for people who were thought to embody both a female and male spirit, also known as two-spirit. In that culture, Aranu'tiq people were considered lucky. In 2015, Caitlyn Jenner visited and blogged about the camp, which was featured on an episode of her reality show, \"I Am Cait\"."}, {"text": "Josephus Maria Remisius Firminus van den Bosch, better known as Firmin van den Bosch (1864\u20131949) was a Belgian magistrate and writer. Life. Van den Bosch was born in Peer, Belgium, on 19 December 1864. His mother died a few weeks after his birth and he was raised by an aunt and his maternal grandfather in Bree. He was educated at the junior seminary in Sint-Truiden and studied Philosophy at the Facult\u00e9s Notre-Dame de la Paix in Namur preparatory to undertaking a law degree at Ghent University. As a student in Namur he discovered modern poetry in \"La Jeune Belgique\" and began writing. He became friends with Max Waller. As a student in Ghent he was involved in confrontations between Catholic students and anticlerical professors, and was rusticated. He began writing for \"L'Impartial de Gand\", a newspaper that favoured social reform. In 1886, he began writing for \"Le Magasin litt\u00e9raire et scientifique\". He graduated in law in 1888, and became a pupil of Jules Van den Heuvel. He won a scholarship that enabled him to study law in the Netherlands, Italy and Paris. In Paris he frequented the salon of Monseigneur d'Hulst and met Georges Rodenbach, Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, Paul Verlaine"}, {"text": "and Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam. Returning to Ghent he again wrote for \"L'Impartial\" and \"Le Magasin litt\u00e9raire\", defending modern literature and attacking the way that literature was taught in Catholic secondary schools (finding an ally in Pol Demade). He took part in the Catholic Congress in Mechelen in 1891, and cofounded the magazine \"Le Drapeau\", as well as writing for the Christian democrat \"L'Avenir Social\". He was on the editorial committee of the review \"Durendal\". In 1897 he organised a literary congress in Ghent. His legal career led to an appointment as a magistrate in the court of first instance in Kortrijk in 1894, where he met Guido Gezelle. In 1899 he was appointed to the court in Ghent, and in 1901 became public prosecutor in Dendermonde. From 1907 to 1910 he was acting public prosecutor in Ghent, and in 1911 was appointed to the Mixed Courts of Egypt. While in Egypt he organised exhibitions in Alexandria and Cairo, and was involved in creating a university extension programme in Cairo. With the German occupation of Belgium during World War I, he wrote and lectured in favour of the Belgian cause in Egypt and Greece, where he was involved in the"}, {"text": "Armistice of Salonica. In 1920 he became public prosecutor for the Mixed Courts of Egypt. He retired in 1929 and returned to Belgium, where he joined the board of Belgian national radio and the \"Revue G\u00e9n\u00e9rale\", and continued to write for newspapers, now under the pen name \"Un Catholique ind\u00e9pendant\". He was installed as a member of the Acad\u00e9mie royale de langue et de litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aises de Belgique on 13 February 1937. He died in Saint-Gilles (Brussels) on 20 January 1949."}, {"text": "Nallasamy Padanisamy (born 30 April 1948) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Hypericum vacciniifolium is a species of flowering plant in the flowering plant family Hypericaceae. It was first described by August von Hayek and Walter Siehe in the Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. journal in 1914 from a specimen collected by Siehe in 1912. Description. \"Shrub\" 0.08\u20130.2 m tall, erect, bushy, rounded, with branches tortuous. \"Stems\" 2-lined when young, soon terete; bark greyish brown to whitish grey. \"Leaves\" sessile or with pseudopetiole up to \"c\". 0.7 mm; lamina 6\u201315 x 3.5\u20139 mm, elliptic or oblong-elliptic to obovate, somewhat paler but not or scarcely glaucous beneath, midrib and reticulate venation prominent on both sides, chartaceous, deciduous during second year; apex obtuse or subapiculate to rounded, base cuneate to angustate or shortly pseudopetiolate; venation: 3\u20136 pairs of major and minor laterals, distinct from tertiary reticulation. \"Inflorescence\" l-3(\u22129)-flowered, from 1\u20132 nodes, rounded-corymbiform when several-flowered; pedicels 4\u20137 mm; bracteoles triangular-subulate, margin entire. \"Flowers c\". 15\u201318 mm in diam.; buds ellipsoid, rounded. \"Sepals\" 2\u20134 x 1.3\u20131.7 mm, unequal, shortly united, oblong to ovate, subacute to rounded, margin entire, glands submarginal, veins 3\u20135, not prominent. \"Petals\" bright? yellow, 10\u201312 x 4\u20135 mm, 3\u20134 x sepals, oblong-lanceolate, unequally retuse; laminar glands linear to punctiform. \"Stamens c.\" 20, longest"}, {"text": "\"c\". 11\u201312 mm, about equalling petals. \"Ovary c\". 2.5 x 1.5mm, narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid; styles 8\u20139 mm long, \"c\". 3\u20134 x ovary, narrowly curved-ascending; stigmas narrow\". Capsule\" (immature) ovoid. \"Seeds\" not seen. \"H. vacciniifolium\" is closely related to the Libano-Syrian \"H. nanum\", differing essentially from it in the thinner leaves with prominent venation and angustate to pseudopetiolate base and the smaller number of stamens, and usually in the fewer (often only 1) -flowered inflorescence and relatively broader, less acute sepals. Distribution. \"H. vacciniifolium\" is found only in the East Cilicia region of Southern Turkey. The species appears to be confined to a small area of the Taurus Mountains. It can be found on limestone cliffs at altitudes of 1000\u20131500 meters. Uses. \"H. vacciniifolium\", along with other Turkish species of \"Hypericum\", is used in local folk medicine. It is specifically used to help treat eczema, swelling, bruises, and minor wounds. In lab conditions, the species has been proven to have antibacterial properties against \"Staphylococcus aureus\"."}, {"text": "Azaari Mohamed Zain (born 11 December 1952) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Lam Kok Meng (born 11 January 1949) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Mohinder Singh Amar (born 15 January 1954) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Alicia Burke is a Jamaican fashion model. Career. Before modeling, Burke planned to become a midwife. Burke was discovered by Pulse Models at their Caribbean Model Search competition, which she won; Pulse connected her to other agencies in the United States and Europe. A year later debuted at the F/W 2016 Bottega Veneta show, and walked for Miu Miu, Gucci, Schiaparelli, Dolce & Gabbana, Tommy Hilfiger, Stella McCartney, Ralph Lauren, Prabal Gurung, Blumarine, and Emporio Armani among others. Burke has also walked for Valentino, Chlo\u00e9, Jason Wu, La Perla, Anna Sui, Diane von F\u00fcrstenberg, Oscar de la Renta, and Carolina Herrera. In addition to appearing on the covers of \"Vogue Italia\" and \"Harper's Bazaar UK\", she has appeared in multiple beauty advertisements for Bobbi Brown, Gucci, Laura Mercier, NARS Cosmetics, Saks Fifth Avenue, and Tom Ford, for which models.com ranks her as a \"Money Girl\". She has done editorials for \"WSJ\", \"Vogue Japan\", \"Harper's Bazaar\", \"Marie Claire\", \"Interview\", \"V\", and \"Vogue Paris\"."}, {"text": "Rengasamy Ramakrishnan (born 18 June 1953) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Teresa Moodie (born 11 September 1978) is a former swimmer who competed internationally for Zimbabwe. Career. Moodie swam in the 1994 and 1998 Commonwealth Games, the 1996 Summer Olympic Games and the 1995 and 1999 All-Africa Games. She won a gold medal in the 4\u00d7100m free relay at the 1999 All-Africa Games, a silver medal in the 100m freestyle and a bronze in the 100m butterfly. Personal life. Moodie attended Vincennes University before going to the University of Tennessee. She was on the Lady Vols swimming team. Her sister Storme represented Zimbabwe at the 1992 Summer Olympics in swimming."}, {"text": "Avtar Singh Gill (born 29 December 1954) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Anthony Cruz (born 1 October 1956) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Robinson Magisterial District is one of ten magisterial districts in Mason County, West Virginia, United States. The district was originally established as a civil township in 1863, and converted into a magisterial district in 1872. In 2020, Robinson District was home to 3,166 people. Geography. Robinson District is located along the Ohio River in the northern part of Mason County. To the north, it is bounded by Waggener District, to the northeast by Graham, to the east by Cooper, to the south by Lewis, and to the west by the Ohio River. Across the river are Cheshire and Addison Townships in Gallia County, Ohio. The district includes Eightmile Island, a half-mile long island in the Ohio River opposite Cheshire, Ohio. At just over thirty-three square miles, Robinson is the seventh-largest of Mason County's ten magisterial districts, ahead of Lewis, Waggener, and Graham. Unlike the rest of Mason County, which is primarily hilly, the western half of Robinson District is relatively level, most of which is concentrated in the area known as \"Pleasant Flats\". The district features rich soil for farming, and was famous for its wheat crop in the late nineteenth century. The largest and most important of Robinson District's"}, {"text": "streams is Oldtown Creek, which flows through the district from east to west, before turning south and entering the Ohio River from the northwest corner of Lewis District. The headwaters of Oldtown Creek are in Cooper District, as are the upper waters of its largest tributary, Robinson Run, but the lower portion of Robinson Run is in Robinson District, including the lower portion of the Wolfpen Branch. Potter's Creek, in the northeastern part of Robinson District, joins Oldtown Creek about a mile below the mouth of Robinson Run, while Turkey Run, in the southern part of the district, joins Oldtown in its lower course. Other tributaries of Oldtown Creek in Robinson District include the Somerville Branch, Gibbs Creek, Hinkle's Branch, and the lower course of Rayburn Creek, which flows north out of Cooper District. Besides Oldtown and its tributaries, Mill Run, flows eastward through the northwestern part of the district, and enters the Ohio below Eightmile Island; the headwaters of Ohio Tenmile Creek rise in the northeastern part, before flowing north into Waggener District; and the headwaters of Crooked Creek lie in the southern part of the district, before flowing south toward Point Pleasant in Lewis District. There are no"}, {"text": "incorporated towns in Robinson District, except for the northernmost part of Point Pleasant, most of which is in Lewis District. Unincorporated communities include the villages of Lakin, Maggie, Sassafras, and York. Former settlements include Oldtown, on Pleasant Flats, and Heights, now incorporated into Point Pleasant. The only highway in Robinson District is West Virginia Route 62, which runs from north to south, paralleling the river above Point Pleasant. Other important routes include Sand Hill Road, which crosses the county from east to west, from Letart to Point Pleasant, and Camp Conley Road, which runs through the southern part of Pleasant Flats, before entering the hills and meeting Sand Hill Road in the eastern part of the district. A railroad line, formerly part of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, now CSX Transportation, runs along the river between Point Pleasant and Parkersburg, and the Mason County Airport is located in the central part of Pleasant Flats. Other features of note in Robinson District include the Clifton F. McClintic Wildlife Management Area, a 3,600-acre naturalized region occupying former agricultural and industrial land in the eastern part of Pleasant Flats, and reputedly the home of Mothman; the Mason County Fairgrounds; the West Virginia State"}, {"text": "Farm Museum, the Lakin Correctional Center and Jail; and the West Virginia National Guard Armory, all located on Pleasant Flats. History. The land that would become Mason County, West Virginia was first surveyed in 1772 by a team led by George Washington. They surveyed a tract of 51,302 acres, just over eighty square miles, north of a line drawn between Letart Falls and the mouth of the Great Kanawha, including most of Robinson and Lewis Districts, along with all of Graham and Waggener. The land was patented to them on December 15, 1772, by Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, on behalf of King George III. Most of Robinson District consists of tracts originally allocated to three of the surveyors: an 8,000-acre tract allocated to Adam Stephens, now in the northern portion of the district, and running from the Ohio River on the west, to the land surveyed for John Polson, now the western boundary of Graham District; immediately south of Stephens' portion, a 5,000-acre tract set aside for Peter Hog, who also claimed the 3,000 acres immediately north of Stephens; and on the southern end another tract of 5,000 acres allocated to George Muse, between the Ohio and"}, {"text": "the upper waters of the right-hand fork of Rayburn Creek. Together, these tracts account for 18,000 out of the roughly 21,350 currently estimated to lie in Robinson District. The balance consists of land added to the eastern end of Stephens' and Hog's surveys, to the west of Cooper District and the southern part of Graham District, including Sassafras on Upper Flats, and portions of Oldtown Creek and Robinson Run; as well as land submerged in the Ohio River, not included in the original survey, but reserved by Virginia when it ceded its claim to the Northwest Territory in 1784. The first European settler in Robinson District was Isaac Robinson, whose cabin was built near the mouth of Mill Creek about 1792. His family was killed by the Wyandot, and he was taken captive. Adopted by an Indian family, he remained with the Wyandot for several years, before returning to his home in Virginia. More settlers arrived in 1797, including Jesse Bennett, William Hawkins, James Ball, and Zachariah Vansickle. A horse-powered grist mill was erected by Absalom Van Matre in 1800, and soon afterward, Peter Yeager built a sawmill. The first schoolteacher was Henry Van Matre, who taught out of a"}, {"text": "log cabin in 1803; a schoolhouse was built the following year. Bennett was the area's first physician; he would later become famous for having performed the first successful caesarian section in the United States. One of the other early settlers was frontier scout and Indian fighter Luman Gibbs, who at the age of sixteen in 1774, fought at the Battle of Point Pleasant. A number of the early settlers of Robinson District would enlist in the militia company known as the \"Mason County Riflemen\" during the War of 1812. This company was led by Captain Anthony Vansickle, a resident of the district; Nicholas Yeager was lieutenant, and Jesse Bennett was appointed surgeon. The Riflemen marched to the Maumee River in northern Ohio, as part of the Second Virginia Regiment. At the Maumee rapids, they joined with the army commanded by future President William Henry Harrison, and participated in the construction of Fort Meigs. After West Virginia gained its independence from Virginia in 1863, the legislature enacted a law requiring the counties to be divided into civil townships. Mason County was divided into ten townships, each of which was named after a pioneer settler of Mason County. Robinson Township was named"}, {"text": "in honor of Isaac Robinson, the first known settler of the area. Like the other townships, Robinson was converted into a magisterial district in 1872. It is the only Robinson District in the state. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, much of Pleasant Flats was covered by swampland and marshes, and was useless for agriculture. Over the coming decades, the settlers built a series of drains to eliminate standing water, and make the soil tillable. The soil, nourished for ages as a wetland, was fertile and productive. In 1942, shortly after the United States entered World War II, the federal government purchased 8,323 acres of agricultural land in Robinson District, where it constructed the West Virginia Ordnance Works, a major munitions plant. In operation until 1945, the plant employed up to 3,500 people. After the war, the ordnance plant was dismantled, the land cleared once again, and the area returned to civilian use. The Mason County Airport and an industrial park are located on the reclaimed land, but the majority became the McClintic Wildlife Management Area, a naturalized area of woods and wetlands, home to a wide variety of wildlife. Known locally as \"the TNT Area\", McClintic is open"}, {"text": "to the public for hiking, hunting, and fishing."}, {"text": "Poon Fook Loke (born 30 May 1951) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics. Poon was part of the legendary Malaysian team that finished fourth in the 1975 World Cup, a feat that remains unparalleled to this day."}, {"text": "Marco Fepulea'i (born 25 April 1995) is a New Zealand-born Samoan professional rugby union player. He plays as a prop for Colomiers Rugby in the ProD2 competition after becoming a Samoa National Rugby Union player, attending the Pacific Nations Cup in 2022. Completing two seasons for the La Giltinis in the Major League Rugby and 2021 preseason with the Super Rugby Auckland Blues team. Fepulea'i previously played for Samoa u20s internationally and Auckland in the Mitre 10 Cup."}, {"text": "Teen Teen (\ud2f4\ud2f4) was a South Korean boy band formed by Maroo Entertainment in 2019. The group debuted on September 18, 2019, with \"Very, On Top\". The unit effectively disbanded following Taeseung's departure from GHOST9. Pre-debut. Before debut, all members participated in \"Produce X 101\" representing Maroo Entertainment, Lee Jin-woo finished in 22nd place, Lee Woo-jin in 41st and Lee Tae-seung in 53rd."}, {"text": "Worship at Red Rocks is the second live album by John Tesh, released in 2004. The album was recorded live at the Red Rocks Amphitheatre, with the exception of the last two bonus studio tracks. Personnel. Choir Production. All track information and credits were taken from the CD liner notes."}, {"text": "Ow Soon Kooi (born 19 October 1954) is a Malaysian field hockey player. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "An Ph\u00fac is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i District, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam."}, {"text": "This is a discography of American blues rock band North Mississippi Allstars."}, {"text": "An Tr\u1ea1ch is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i District, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam."}, {"text": "Up and Rolling is the tenth studio album by American band North Mississippi Allstars. It was released on October 4, 2019, through New West Records, making it their first album for the label. Production was handled entirely by Cody and Luther Dickinson, assisted by Kody Harrell, except for the song \"Living Free\" co-produced by Lawrence \"Boo\" Mitchell. It features contributions from Tierinii and Tikyra Jackson of Southern Avenue, Cedric and Garry Burnside, Charles Hodges, Mavis Staples, Jason Isbell, Othar Turner, Duane Betts and Roosevelt Collier. In the United States, the album made it to several \"Billboard\" charts, peaking at No. 66 on the Current Album Sales, No. 78 on the Top Album Sales, No. 2 on the Top Blues Albums, No. 24 on the Independent Albums, No. 3 on the Heatseekers Albums and No. 15 on the Tastemakers. In 2020, the album was nominated for a Blues Music Award for Blues Rock Album at the 41st Blues Music Awards and for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, but lost to Albert Castiglia's \"Masterpiece\" and Fantastic Negrito's \"Have You Lost Your Mind Yet?\" respectively. Recording. The record was partially inspired by old photographs"}, {"text": "taken by Texan photographer Wyatt McSpadden in 1996, who visited the Dickinson brothers around the time of formation the North Mississippi Allstars to document the hill country blues scene in the Magnolia State. The images inspired the Dickinsons to revisit the sound of regionally renowned artists like Otha Turner and Junior Kimbrough (\"Lonesome in My Home\") that were hugely influential on their band. Unlike the previous album, 2017's \"Prayer for Peace\", this one saw an increase in the band's lineup. The Dickinson brothers duo were joined by bassist Carl DuFrene, fife player Shard\u00e9 Thomas and vocalist Sharisse Norman. Previously, DuFrene was one of the guest musicians on the 2015 album \"Freedom & Dreams\", while Thomas and Norman were featured on \"Prayer for Peace\". Main recording sessions took place at Zebra Ranch Studios in Independence, Mississippi with Kevin Houston. Mavis' vocals were recorded March 11, 2019 at Chicago Recording Company by engineer Mat Lejeune, assisted by Jonathan Lackey. \"What You Gonna Do?\" and \"Mean Old World\" were recorded at Sputnik Sound in Nashville by Vance Powell, assisted by Mike Fahey. \"Take My Hand, Precious Lord\" and additional drums were recorded at Checkerboard Lounge in Southaven by Cody Dickinson. \"Out on the"}, {"text": "Road\" was recorded at Harmony Hill Recordings in Nashville by Luther Dickinson, at Brooklyn Recording in New York by Andy Taub and at Checkerboard Lounge in Southaven by Cody Dickinson. Betts' guitar part was recorded at Pacific View Studio in Los Angeles by Stoll Vaughan. On June 26, 2019 \"Paste\" magazine premiered the first single from then-upcoming album - a cover of The Staple Singers\u2019 \"What You Gonna Do\" from their 1965 album \"Freedom Highway\". Along with the song, release date, track listing, cover art, and tour dates were revealed. Critical reception. \"Up and Rolling\" was met with universal acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 84, based on four reviews. AllMusic's Thom Jurek said that the album \"clears away decades of cobwebs, dust, and wisteria vines from the doorway to the past: It's a family reunion offering that looks to the Hill Country's history and mystery for both its inspiration from the past and guidance to its present\". Hal Horowitz of \"American Songwriter\" praised the album saying: \"It's an album that both looks backward and forward, reprising the dusky feel"}, {"text": "of the music that first inspired the Dickinson brothers to start their band while pushing it into electric boogie and even psychedelic directions its founders might not have imagined\". Doug Collette of \"Glide\" found the album \"decidedly tighter and more focused piece of work than their last two albums\". \"Uncut\" reviewer stated: \"a passionate and muscular record that oozes cool in every note\". With four out of five star rating given, the album was chosen as one of AllMusic's 'Favorite Blues Album's."}, {"text": "An Tr\u1ea1ch A is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i District, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam."}, {"text": "Peter Pirsch & Sons was a firefighting apparatus manufacturer in Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States, between 1900 and 1984. It was claimed to be the first producer of modern, motorized fire engines in the United States. History. In 1899, while working at his father's carriage manufacturing business and volunteering for the Kenosha, Wisconsin fire department, Peter Pirsch received the patent for the trussed extension ladder, a marked improvement upon the older, solid ladders that firemen had been using up to that point. With patent in hand, he founded Peter Pirsch & Sons in 1900. The first motorized ladder truck was on a Rambler chassis, and this was followed by others based on Couple Gear, White, Duplex, Nash and Dodge. The 1926 engine came 150 to 750 gpm pumpers, chemical and hose trucks powered by 6-cylinder Waukesha engines. In 1928 came a pumper with fully enclosed cab, the first of its kind from a major U.S. manufacturer, and in 1931 a one-man operation hydro-mechanical aerial ladder hoist used on an 85\u2013ft articulated ladder truck. By this time Pirsch were building mostly on their own chassis, although others occasionally used were Sterling (1933), International (1936) and Diamond T (1937). Cabs were bought from"}, {"text": "General Motors for many years. In 1938 came the first 100\u2013ft aluminum alloy closed lattice aerial ladder which became a Peter Pirsch specialty and is still used today. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s a wide range of fire engines, including articulated ladder trucks were made, with power coming mostly from Hercules or Waukesha engines. Pirsch first introduced aerial ladders in the 1930s, including the first fully powered 100\u2013foot aerial ladder device in the United States in 1935. The first cab forward model came in 1961 with a flat-fronted cab which is still used today. Conventionals and cab-forwards were made through the 1960s with little change, and Pirsch were also offering their specialties on other chassis such as Ford and Mack CF. Very few conventionals were made after 1970, and current production centers on rigid and articulated cab-forward units, mostly with diesel engines. Pirsch's company was very successful from the 1920s through the 1980s. The Memphis, Tennessee Fire Department and the Washington DC Fire Department were both particularly loyal customers of Pirsch fire trucks. By the late 1980s, the company built around 100 trucks a year and conducted around $10 million a year in business. Pirsch and Sons supplied many of"}, {"text": "the fire trucks sold throughout the state of Georgia from 1950 until 1980, with their first regional distributor being the Harold Hancock Company of Atlanta, followed by the Charles L. McLarty Company of Decatur, Georgia. Atlanta, Georgia and surrounding cities and towns bought dozens of Pirsch trucks supplied by these two local businesses. Pirsch and Sons discontinued production of their trucks in the early 1980s after reorganization of the company due to rising costs and increased competition in the narrow fire truck market. The last truck coming off the line in 1987. At the time of its closure, Peter Pirsch & Sons was the oldest privately owned fire truck manufacturer in the United States. The last custom fire engine built under the Pirsch name was delivered to, and is currently owned by the Osceola, Arkansas Volunteer Fire Department. (1987). References. <br>"}, {"text": "\u0110i\u1ec1n H\u1ea3i is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i District, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam."}, {"text": "Shula may refer to:"}, {"text": "\u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u00e0nh A is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i District, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam."}, {"text": "Konstantin Davydovich Bushuyev (; 23 May 1914 \u2013 26 October 1978) was a Soviet engineer and director of the Apollo\u2013Soyuz for the Soviet Union. Early life and education. Bushuyev was born on 23 May 1914 in the village of Cherten, in the district of Mosaik, Kaluga Oblast, in what was then the Russian Empire. He was the son of rural teachers. Bushuyev graduated in 1930 from an industrial college in Pesochnya (later known as Kirov). He was then a foreman and later a deputy shop manager at the P.L.Voikov Moscow Iron Foundry before earning an admission to the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1936. Bushuyev graduated with a degree in aircraft mechanical engineering in 1941. Career. It is presumed he joined the Soviet rocketry program shortly after the end of WWII; his area of expertise appears to have been applied dynamics. By 1948 he was head of a rocketry design office. Along with other members of Sergei Korolev\u2019s team, Bushuyev was awarded a Stalin Prize in 1951 \"for the development of instrumentation for temperature measurement for the R-1 missile flight tests.\" The launch of Sputnik earned Bushuyev the Hero of Socialist Labour, the highest civilian award in the Soviet Union. He"}, {"text": "earned a Lenin Prize in 1960."}, {"text": "Sh 2-10, also called RCW 130, is an emission nebula in the Scorpius constellation."}, {"text": "\u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u00e0nh is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i District, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. References. a"}, {"text": "Long \u0110i\u1ec1n is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i District, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam."}, {"text": "Parascorodite is a rare, secondary iron-arsenate mineral. It has a chemical formula of () and was discovered in 1967 using X-ray powder diffraction methods, when an unknown substance was found along with scorodite on medieval ore dumps in the Czech Republic. The holotype of parascorodite can be found in the mineralogical collection of the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic under acquisition number P1p25/98. Occurrence. Parascorodite occurs at the Kank mine in the Kutna Hora ore district in Central Bohemia, Czech Republic . It is one of the rarest secondary minerals. Parascorodite is found in medieval ore dumps, that were most likely used for silver and polymetallic ore waste. The dumps contain arsenic rich ore, which in medieval times was considered waste. Paragenesis. The medieval ore dumps are heavily weathered, but it is assumed that parascorodite, along with other secondary iron arsenates and arsenosulfates, actually formed much before the dumping of waste material on this area by natural weathering processes. Parascorodite formed as a product of arsenopyrite dissolution, followed by recrystallization of iron-arsenic bearing solutions, in near surface weathering conditions. Parascorodite is dimorphous with scorodite, and is also associated with pitticite, gypsum, jarosite, and amorphous ferric hydroxides. Physical properties. Parascorodite occurs"}, {"text": "in aggregates of somewhat hemispherical shapes. The aggregates grow to be about 2 cm across, consisting of extremely small crystals that can be arranged in fan-like or irregular masses. Parascorodite is cryptocrystalline, and has a luster that can vary from earthy to vitreous. It is a soft mineral, falling between 1 and 2 on the Mohs hardness scale. Aggregates can be white to yellowish, or more rarely green-grey in color, and have a yellow-white streak. The measured density of earthy aggregates in ethyl alcohol is 3.212 g/cm3. The rare green-grey variety of parascorodite aggregates may exhibit conchoidal fracture. Individual crystal size varies between 0.1 \u03bcm and 0.5 \u03bcm, with some twinned crystals measuring 1.0 \u03bcm. Crystals occur as either prisms or thin flakes with a hexagonal outline. Parascorodite dissolves slowly in 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl). In water, it will disintegrate rapidly into a powder. Under hydrothermal conditions parascorodite can re-crystallize back to scorodite. Chemical composition. The chemical composition of parascorodite was determined using qualitative spectral analysis. Two major elements were indicated: iron and arsenic. Quantitative analysis was also determined using two wet chemical analyses (results in the table below). Crystallography. X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of parascorodite was determined using"}, {"text": "X-ray powder diffraction. Using the X-ray diffraction data (in the table below), the parascorodite unit cell was determined as hexagonal or trigonal. The unit cell parameters are formula_1 = 8.9327(5)\u00c5, formula_2 = 9.9391(8)\u00c5, with a cell volume of formula_3 = 686.83(8)\u00c53."}, {"text": "Long \u0110i\u1ec1n is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i District, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam."}, {"text": "Long \u0110i\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng A is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i district, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam."}, {"text": "Long \u0110i\u1ec1n T\u00e2y is a rural commune () of \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i District, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam."}, {"text": "Frank Smissaert (born 9 June 1950) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Bernardo Uribe Jongbloed (born 1975) is a Colombian mathematician. Uribe's research deals with algebraic geometry and topology with string theory applications. Biography. Uribe graduated from secondary school in Bogot\u00e1 and then studied from 1994 to 1998 at the Universidad de Los Andes. In 2002 he received his PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison with thesis \"Twisted K-Theory and Orbifold Cohomology of the Symmetric Product\" under the supervision of Alejandro \u00c1dem and Yongbin Ruan. He was a postdoc at the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in Bonn. In 2003/04 he was an assistant professor at the University of Michigan. He taught as a professor at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and as a full professor from 2012 to 2014 at Bogot\u00e1's Universidad de los Andes. Since 2014 has been a professor at the Universidad del Norte in Barranquilla. In 2008/09 he was a visiting scholar in Mexico City. In 2010 he worked with Wolfgang L\u00fcck at the University of M\u00fcnster. Honors and awards. In 2012 he received a Humboldt Research Award, with which he was at the University of Bonn. Uribe received the Mathematics Prize of the Third World Academy of Sciences in 2012. In 2018 he was an invited speaker"}, {"text": "with talk \"The evenness conjecture in equivariant unitary bordism\" at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Rio de Janeiro. From July 2017 to June 2019 he was President of the Colombian Mathematical Society."}, {"text": "Serge Dubois (born 4 March 1954) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Da-hye, also spelled Da-hae, or Da-hay is a Korean feminine given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 10 hanja with the reading \"da\" and 25 hanja with the reading \"hye\" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names. People. People with this name include:"}, {"text": "Bernard Smeekens (born 23 May 1951) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Connor Murphy (born 8 September 1995) is an English professional rugby union player. He plays as a scrum half for the Houston Sabercats in Major League Rugby, previously coming through the academy ranks at London Irish."}, {"text": "Bernard Mauchien (born 26 October 1954) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Rudolf Schauffler (born 11 August 1889 in Ulm\u2013 died 6 February 1968) was a German mathematician, who was most notable for being the nominal head of the Linguistics and Cryptanalysis section of Pers Z S, the Signal Intelligence Agency of the German Foreign Office () before and during World War II. Life. Before World War I Schauffler had been a schoolmaster after studying mathematics, physics and languages at the University of T\u00fcbingen and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. During World War I he was gassed. During the first world war, Schauffler worked as a cryptanalyst at the German army headquarters. After the war Schauffler found the work of schoolmaster to be too difficult and decided to join Pers Z S. Schauffler was recruited by Kurt Selchow and joined on the 1 December 1918. Selchow who also recruited Werner Kunze, Adolf Paschke, Karl Zastrow, Wilhelm Brandes, and Ernst Hoffmann for the unit as he had known them during the war. Although he did not have a Doctor of Philosophy degree nor did he habilitate while in office, Schauffler was most definitely a real mathematician. The mathematician and cryptographer Erich H\u00fcttenhain in his evaluation of Schauffler regarded him as a \"true"}, {"text": "scientist\". Very early in his career he wrote two papers in 1917 and 1921 for the Mathematische Annalen mathematical research journal. After the war he wrote a thesis in 1941 but did not submit it until 1947 to the University of Marburg. The subject was on cryptography: \"An application of cyclic permutations and their theory\" (German:Eine Anwendung zyklischer Permutationen und ihre Theorie). It had not been submitted due to the contents being secret. He was promoted to Doctor of Philosophy in 1948. In 1956 and 1957 he wrote two further papers, the first of these was on the theory of Check digit systems. In 1967, the historian David Kahn interviewed Schauffler in his apartment for his 1967 book, \"The Codebreakers\" and found it most depressing. Kahn wrote of Schauffler: \"Elderly, not old, but broken by sickness and the ersatz food of the war years, he shuffled around his chilly apartment, barely able to put a pot of water on for tea. As rain dripped slowly from the gray sky, he ended our talk by saying, \u201cA bridge builder can see what he has done for his countrymen, but we (German codebreakers) cannot tell whether our life was worth anything.\u201d\" Career."}, {"text": "Initially Schauffler worked on cryptographic problems. During the period from 1921 to 1923, Schauffler worked as part a team that included Werner Kunze on the development of a one-time pad system for the use by the Foreign Office. He later became interested in Chinese and Japanese languages while sharing an office with Emil Krebs, who taught him, eventually becoming a specialist in both languages over a period of twenty years. Schauffler later focused on theoretical research that became his main field of interest. He later edited the in-house journal, \"Scientific Writings of the Dahlem Special Service\", (German:Wissenschaftliche Schriften des Sonderdienstes Dahlem). In 1950, the Federal Foreign Office tasked Selchow along with Schauffler, Erich H\u00fcttenhain and Heinz Kuntze to form a cryptographic service under the direction of Adolf Paschke that was called Section 114. The service was to act as a cypher bureau for the Central office of Encryption (ZfCh) () that had been previously created in 1947 and was located at Camp King. In 1955 the unit was disbanded as West Germany was rearming and a new unit was to be created. In 1956 all the equipment and resources of the unit were transferred to the Federal Intelligence Service (Germany)."}, {"text": "In 1989 the unit was renamed to ZFI (). In 1991 it became the BSI (Federal Office for Information Security)"}, {"text": "Xu\u00e2n S\u01a1n may refer to:"}, {"text": "S\u01a1n B\u00ecnh may refer to several rural communes in Vietnam:"}, {"text": "Paul Urbain (born 24 January 1957) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Personal life and work. Urbain is married to the sister of his hockey teammate Robert Maroye, together they have 3 children. Urbain is a lawyer in Belgium and was head of the bar from 2019 to 2021. Sport career. International career. Urbain joined the Belgium men's national field hockey team in 1974 and played in 124 official games, some of them as team captain. Urbain participated, amongst others: Club career. Urbain played hockey in Belgium for R. Uccle Sport. With his team, he won 11 times the Belgian championship and 6 times the Belgian cup. He also played 3 finals of the Euro Hockey League: in Amsterdam in 1976, in London in 1977 and in Terrassa in 1984. In 1983, Urbain won the golden stick as hockey player of the year. Olympic movement. Urbain joined the Belgian Olympic Committee, involved in various roles from 1984 to 2013: Urbain was carrying the Olympic flame during the Olympic torch relay ahead of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, running with the flame in front of the Belgian Royal Palace."}, {"text": "Qu\u1ea3ng Th\u00e0nh may refer to the following places in Vietnam:"}, {"text": "Thanks Badge may refer to:"}, {"text": "Michel Vanderborght (born 6 May 1951) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Robert Maroye (born 15 May 1954) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Bruno De Clynsen (born 8 February 1954) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed9i may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:"}, {"text": "Michel Van Tuyckom (born 23 November 1954) is a Belgian field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Long H\u1ea3i may refer to the following places in Vietnam:"}, {"text": "Tam Ph\u01b0\u1edbc may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:"}, {"text": "James W. Mickens is an American computer scientist and the Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University. His research focuses on distributed systems, such as large-scale services and ways to make them more secure. He is critical of machine learning as a boilerplate solution to most outstanding computational problems. Early life and education. James Mickens was raised in Atlanta. His father is physicist and mathematician Ronald E. Mickens. Mickens earned a Bachelor of Science in computer science from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2001, as well as a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Michigan in 2008. Career. Mickens worked as a member of the Distributed Systems group at Microsoft Research from 2009 through 2015. He spent one semester at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) through the MLK Visiting Professors program becoming a professor at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences in 2015, where he was awarded tenure in 2019. In 2016, he was one of the researchers working on \"Polaris\", a new system designed at MIT to decrease the loading time for webpages. In 2020, Mickens was"}, {"text": "appointed to the board of directors of the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. In 2021, he and Jonathan Zittrain began the Institute for Rebooting Social Media, a three-year-long BKC project to research and create new ideas to improve social media."}, {"text": "H\u00f2a H\u1ed9i may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:"}, {"text": "Ph\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2n may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:"}, {"text": "Marshside is a wetland nature reserve operated by the RSPB in the Marshside area of Southport, Merseyside, England. It lies north of the centre of Southport, on the southern side of the Ribble estuary, and is part of the wider Ribble & Alt Estuaries Ramsar reserve. and the Ribble Estuary National Nature Reserve. The RSPB reserve has two bird hides, the northernmost - named \"Sandgrousers' Hide\" - serving as a visitor centre. There are also three viewing screens. The reserve is used by large numbers of overwintering pink footed geese, from Iceland, and wigeon, from Siberia. In summer, species such as avocets and lapwing breed there. in 2019, the RSPB acquired an adjacent area of wet grassland, Crossens Inner Marsh, in order to extend the reserve."}, {"text": "Jorge Disera (born 9 June 1949) is an Argentine field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2u may refer to several rural communes in Vietnam, including:"}, {"text": "Marcelo Pazos (born 23 November 1953) is an Argentine field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Osvaldo Zanni (born 5 March 1955) is an Argentine field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Saturday (\uc138\ub7ec\ub370\uc774) is a South Korean girl group formed by SD Entertainment in 2018. The group debuted on July 18, 2018, with \"MMook JJi BBa\"., the group currently consists of Juyeon, Yuki, Ayeon and Minseo. In 2022, the building of SD Entertainment shut down, and in 2023 the group moved to Yoonso Group."}, {"text": "Jorge Ivorra (born 14 December 1942) is an Argentine field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Ellie Lucinda Stokes (born 21 November 2003) is an American-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer who plays as a forward for the Colgate Raiders and the Saint Kitts and Nevis women's national team. Early life. Stokes was born in Alexandria, Virginia and raised in Waldorf, Maryland. She has attended the North Point High School in her hometown. International career. Stokes represented Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2018 CONCACAF Girls' Under-15 Championship and the 2020 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship qualifying stage. International goals. \"Scores and results list Saint Kitts and Nevis' goal tally first.\""}, {"text": "Jo Bonney is an American theater director who has worked Off-Broadway, regionally and internationally, primarily focused on the development of new plays. Early life and education. Bonney was born in Australia, the daughter of a Qantas airline pilot and a former-journalist. She attended Sydney University before transferring to Sydney College of the Arts (Grad. Fine Arts) and worked at The Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Marriage and Children. Bonney married Eric Bogosian in 1980 with whom she has two sons, Harry and Travis Bogosian. Career. Bonney moved to New York City in 1979. In the early 1980s, she co-directed two short films with Ruth Peyser, 'Another Great Day' (shown nationally on PBS) and 'Random Positions'. Bonney began her work in theater directing the solo work of her husband, Eric Bogosian. She cites The Public Theater founder, Joseph Papp as providing the support she needed to \"define [herself] as a director.\" She has directed the premiere productions of over thirty plays \u2013 notably work by Bogosian, Lynn Nottage, Danny Hoch, Suzan-Lori Parks, Martina Majok, Neil LaBute, Naomi Wallace and Jos\u00e9 Rivera. Bonney edited \"Extreme Exposure: An Anthology of Solo Performance Texts from the Twentieth Century\" (published in 2000 by TCG). Awards and nominations."}, {"text": "Awards and nominations Bonney has received include:"}, {"text": "Luis Antonio Costa (born 31 January 1953) is an Argentine field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "Oliver J. Gillie (31 October 1937 \u2013 15 May 2021) was a British journalist and scientist. He previously served as the medical correspondent for \"The Sunday Times\", and later medical editor for \"The Independent\". In 2014, he was awarded the Medical Journalists' Association Lifetime Achievement Award for his work. Education. He held a BSc and PhD in genetics, both from Edinburgh University, where he studied at the Institute of Animal Genetics under Conrad H. Waddington. His PhD thesis was \"\"Growth and genetic control of enzyme level in Neurospora\".\" After his PhD he won a Fulbright scholarship to Stanford in California. Career. Among his most notable journalistic work was being the first to publicly accuse Cyril Burt of scientific fraud. In 1976, Gillie published an article claiming that Burt had fabricated much of the data he had included in his publications, as well as two women whom Burt claimed had been his research assistants, but whom Gillie concluded had never existed. He reached this conclusion after investigating to find evidence that either woman (Margaret Howard and Jane Conway) had ever existed, talking to people who had known Burt for many years. He had also talked to human intelligence researchers who told"}, {"text": "him that Burt's data was suspect. He has also researched the adverse health effects of vitamin D deficiency, specifically, that caused by insufficient exposure to sunlight. Personal life. Gillie was born in North Shields, Northumberland and was the second of three brothers. His father, John Gillie, was a nautical instrument maker and his mother, Ann (n\u00e9e Philipson), studied fine art in Newcastle and Paris. He went to local schools and then graduated with a first-class degree in natural sciences at Edinburgh. He had a strawberry birthmark on his left cheek and neck, which he believed cost him a place at Cambridge University. The don who interviewed him had a much more obvious birthmark, and Gillie believed the ensuing embarrassment had a negative effect on the interview. He was from a Quaker background, and was brought up as a pacifist. He believed people should live well and respect their bodies, always opting for a healthy lifestyle. He had three marriages. In 1964, he married Walpurga Hesper, who was Dutch. They were married in Rotterdam. After the premature birth and death of a daughter called Frances, born in Edinburgh, the couple divorced in 1968. In 1969, he married his second wife Louise"}, {"text": "Panton, a documentary film-maker, and they had two daughters, Lucy and Juliet, but divorced in 1991. In 1999, he married Jan Thompson, a journalist and managing editor of \"The Guardian\", and they had two sons, Calder and Sholto. On 15 May 2021, Gillie died at the age of 83. He had been suffering from lymphocytic leukaemia."}, {"text": "Gustavo Paolucci (born 28 January 1954) is an Argentine field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "C\u00e9sar Raguso (born 20 June 1960) is an Argentine field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics."}, {"text": "\"Orchard Park\" is the first non-album single from American folk rock project Aaron West and the Roaring Twenties, released on October 5, 2017, through Loneliest Place on Earth. Background. On October 3, 2017, the Aaron West Twitter announced that a new song was imminent. On October 5, 2017, \"Orchard Park\" was made available for purchase as a Flexi single, with 450 copies being sold online and 550 being sold on tour. The online copies sold out the same day, and the song was made available to stream on October 6, 2017. Along with the tracks from \"Bittersweet\", the song was originally written for a second LP, but was released on its own because Dan Campbell was too busy to make an entire Aaron West album. Because the song depicts Aaron and his mother spreading his father's ashes in Orchard Park, some have thought the song takes place before \"We Don't Have Each Other\", but Campbell has stated that the song takes place in late May or early June 2014, after the events of \"Bittersweet\". The song is the first Aaron West release on Loneliest Place On Earth, The Wonder Years' self-made label."}, {"text": "Georgina Kleege (born 1956) is an American writer and a professor of English at University of California, Berkeley. Kleege was diagnosed as legally blind, with macular degeneration, at age 11. Kleege has written classic essays and memoirs in the field of disability studies on blindness and teaches a range of classes at Cal Berkeley with a specialization in creative writing and disability studies. She is best known for her autobiographical collection of essays in 1999 with her book titled \"Sight Unseen\", where she compared her view of the world to the world's view of blindness. Her work often explores the relationship of art, culture, technology, and disability. Career. Kleege has taught creative writing and literature at Ohio State University and the University of Oklahoma. She is currently a professor in the Department of English at the University of California at Berkeley. Kleege has received the UC Berkeley Distinguished Teaching Award in 2016, and the Distinguished Teaching Award from the Division of Arts and Humanities in 2013. Research contributions. Kleege's book \"Sight Unseen\" (Yale University Press, 1999), which blends memoir and criticism, was well received. Reviewers from a variety of fields praised it. Alistair Fielder wrote in the \"British Medical Journal\""}, {"text": "that it \"offers a fascinating and scholarly glimpse into a specific impairment (blindness) and, more importantly, provides unique insight into the complex relation between normal function and impairment.\" Catherine Kudlick wrote for the National Federation of the Blind that it is \"not your standard memoir\" and that \"it has a refreshingly nuanced view of blindness.\" Her book \"Blind Rage: An Open Letter to Helen Keller\" was published by Gallaudet University Press in 2006. An excerpt from it appeared in \"Sign Language Studies\" 7.2 in 2007. In it she reconsiders her childhood hatred of Helen Keller, exploring Keller's iconic status as the most famous deaf-blind person. Kleege also works to expand existing practices in art history and museum education for the blind and people with low vision. As the child of two parents who were both artists, she points out that many museum programs for the blind assume no vision at all (as opposed to a spectrum of vision) as well as delivering extremely basic, nonspecialist information about art. She has written and spoken to the field of museum education, including a 2005 keynote address to Art Beyond Sight. She also developed a tour and video series called \"Haptic Encounters\" in"}, {"text": "which she touches and describes artworks included in the Contemporary Jewish Museum in San Francisco, highlighting \"qualities such as texture, temperature, weight, resilience, and density that may not be apparent to the eyes alone.\" Her book \"More than Meets the Eye: What Blindness Brings to Art\" covers current practices in art description as well as offering the suggestion of turning to blind experts for knowledge about art beyond the visual. Publications. Her primary works include:"}, {"text": "St Ann's Church is a Church of England parish church in Radipole, Weymouth, Dorset, England. The church dates to the 13th century, with later additions, and is a Grade II* listed building. Both the boundary wall of the churchyard and church room opposite are also Grade II listed. History. St Ann's was originally dedicated to St Mary and served as the parish church of Melcombe Regis. The existing church dates to the 13th century, but it is believed that an older church occupied the site, owing to the discovery of encaustic tiles when the church's flooring was replaced in the 1863 restoration. Much of the existing nave dates to the 13th century, at which time the main body of the church was made up of nave and chancel only. North and south chapels were added in the 14th century and the chancel was rebuilt and enlarged during the same century. The west end of the nave was rebuilt in the early 16th century which included the replacement of a small tower with a bell-turret. The south porch was rebuilt in 1733 and the south chapel rebuilt in 1735. In 1605, a new church dedicated to St Mary's was built on"}, {"text": "a more centralised site near Melcombe Regis' harbourside. It became the new parish church the following year, leaving St Ann's as a chapel of ease. The decision to build a new church stemmed from the Radipole church being too small and at an inconvenient location for many parishioners. Furthermore, it was considered that Melcombe Regis was \"subject to the incursion of foreign enemies, who might surprise the town during Divine service, and depart before the inhabitants could repair home to make resistance\". St Mary's at Radipole was rededicated to St Ann during the 19th century. It underwent internal restoration and reseating for \u00a3400 in 1863. The plans were drawn up by Mr. G. R. Crickmay of Weymouth and the work carried out by Mr. R. Reynolds of Weymouth, under the supervision of the architect. The work included repairing the walls, replacing the pews with new ones of stained and varnished deal, laying new flooring and replacing the church's gallery. The two small windows on the west side of the porch were replaced by a larger, single one, the timbers of the nave's roof were restored, and new timber roofs added in the porch and south transept. New fittings were also"}, {"text": "added to the church, including a pulpit fixed on a pedestal of Portland stone, an octagonal font of Portland stone, a reading desk and communion rail. The church reopened on 23 December 1863. Further restoration was carried out in 1882 and its completion marked by a ceremony on 16 June 1882. The external walls and roof of the church were extensively repaired, the interior cleaned and recoloured, and some new fittings added. St Ann's became a parish church again in 1926 when Radipole and Melcombe Regis were split into separate parishes. A daughter church, St Aldhelm's, was built in 1939\u201341 to serve the growing population of Radipole. The vestry of St Ann's was rebuilt in 1960, with its doorway incorporating stonework from a 17th-century house in Weymouth which was demolished the previous year. Architecture. St Ann's is built of ashlar and rubble stone with slate roofs. It is made up of a five-bay nave, chancel, north and south chapels, south porch and vestry. The west side contains a two-stage bell-turret. Above the chancel arch are the Royal Arms of William IV. In the south porch is the church's original 13th-century font. It was originally square but later recut in the"}, {"text": "16th century to form a rounded front. Other fittings include a late 19th-century stone reredos and a carved oak pulpit of 1902. The church room opposite St Ann's was built as a schoolroom in 1850 on a plot of land donated by William Eliot. It became Grade II listed in 1974. Churchyard. In 1997, a number of monuments in the churchyard became Grade II listed:"}, {"text": "Ahmadpur Junction railway station is an important junction railway station under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is the connecting station of Sahibganj loop line and Ahmadpur\u2013Katwa line. It is situated beside Suri road at Ahmedpur in Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Total 33 trains stop at Ahmadpur Junction railway station. Trains. Major Trains available from this railway station are as follows: The station currently originates two trains and terminates two others daily, including: List of Trains that Not Restored Yet"}, {"text": "The Jacaranda is a renowned music venue in Liverpool, closely associated with the rise of the Merseybeat phenomenon in the 1960s. Opened by The Beatles' first manager, Allan Williams, in 1958, it played a key role in launching the band's early careers and provided a stage for local acts like Gerry and the Pacemakers & Rory Storm and The Hurricanes. As the headquarters of independent record label Jacaranda Records, the club continues to operate as a live music venue, record store, and bar, maintaining its place in Liverpool's music scene for over 60 years. History. Local promoter and businessman Allan Williams opened The Jacaranda in September 1958 in a former watch-repair shop at 21 Slater Street, Liverpool. The venue attracted a youthful clientele by offering one of the city's first espresso machines, an American style jukebox, and live music. He named the venue The Jacaranda, after an exotic species of ornamental flowering tree, \"Jacaranda mimosifolia.\" The venue, known affectionately as \"The Jac\", quickly became a central spoke of the Liverpool music scene, with Williams' friend and sometime business partner, the Trinidadian calypso singer, songwriter and music promoter Lord Woodbine, occupying a nightly residency slot and providing a focal point for"}, {"text": "many young local musicians. Described by Williams in \"The Man Who Gave The Beatles Away\" as \"The Black Hole of Calcutta set to music\", The Jacaranda's cramped basement provided the UK with what is considered to be one of its first truly multicultural venues, bringing together a mixed audience of immigrants, bohemians and students to enjoy a blend of musical acts that ranged from calypso and steel drum acts to an emerging generation of rock and roll bands. It was also to become the gateway to international attention for many local artists, with Williams organising a series of tours of Hamburg for several acts including Derry and the Seniors following a successful pathfinding visit by Woodbine in 1960. Among those who became regulars at The Jacaranda were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Stuart Sutcliffe, who approached Allan Williams for a chance to rehearse and perform at the venue. As part of the deal, the future Beatles were allowed to use the basement as a rehearsal studio during the day in return for redecorating the performance space. The restored murals by Sutcliffe and Lennon can still be seen there today. The Jacaranda became a key base for the band."}, {"text": "It was there that Lennon wrote one of his earliest songs, \"One After 909\", with the group playing several performances as The Silver Beetles and also using the venue to audition drummers including Pete Best. Leaving the club in a van driven by Lord Woodbine and Williams for a career-defining first tour of Hamburg in 1961, it was also the venue where the act first announced changing its name to The Beatles. Even after the relationship with Williams ended, The Beatles recruited the drummer of Jacaranda regulars Rory Storm and the Hurricanes' - soon to be known as Ringo Starr - to replace Best and ultimately signed another frequent club visitor Brian Epstein as the manager who would take them on to global fame. Present Day. The Jacaranda remains an operational music venue, bar and record store to this day, hosting nightly live performances, and focusing on newer artists. Many new rising stars from the Northwest have started their careers at the venue, such as Luvcat, Crawlers, Stone, The Lathums and many more. In 2006, The Jacaranda was awarded a Pubs in Time plaque by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) for its role in the formative years of the"}, {"text": "Beatles. 2015 saw the birth of Jacaranda Records, located at the top floor of The Jacaranda Club. Since then, the store has established itself as a powerhouse in the North West, putting on many album launch shows, some of the more notable include Crowded House, Yungblud, Foals, Paolo Nutini, Mumford and Sons, Stereophonics, Wunderhorse, Jacob Collier, The Pretenders, Wallows, and Blossoms. In August 2024 The Jacaranda was awarded a blue plaque commemorating the venue as the first place The Beatles performed with the lineup of \"Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, Suttclife and Best\" Performances on the day came from The Zutons, Red Rum Club, Cheap Thrills and many others. In September 2019, Jacaranda Records announced that the building's top floor had been converted into the UK's first music-specific immersive audio studio."}, {"text": "Ward 1 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam, forming the historical centre of the city. The iconic Front Beach (\"B\u00e3i Tr\u01b0\u1edbc\") and the eponymous parklands as well as the former V\u0169ng T\u00e0u Market, which is now the Tr\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Square, are located in this ward."}, {"text": "Ward 2 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 3 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 4 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 5 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 7 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam. Located 3 km north of the Front Beach, this ward was created in 1986 following the dissolution of the former Thang Nhi Ward. As of 1999, the ward had a population of 21,759, and the total density of 13.349 people per km\u00b2. History. Under the reign of king Gia Long (1761\u20131820), when Malay pirates built a base here and subsequently became a danger to traders in Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh city, the king sent his army to crack down on the pirates. The pirates were ousted and the troops were given the land as a reward. They settled in three villages namely: Th\u1eafng Nh\u1ee9t, Th\u1eafng Nh\u00ec and Th\u1eafng Tam. Ward 7 lies at the southeastern part of Th\u1eafng Nh\u00ec village. After successfully crushing the Nguy\u1ec5n forces and capturing Cochinchine, the French developed Vung Tau into a defense base for the colonial government based in Saigon. The section of Route de Ben-dinh (L\u00ea L\u1ee3i Street today) was occupied by military barracks and facilities, such as infantry, artillery and military hospital run by French and indigenous forces. After the Geneva Accords, the Armed Forces of the Republic of Vietnam"}, {"text": "and its US allies took over these barracks and developed more training facilities in area located in the present day Nguyen Thai Hoc Street. After the reunification of Vietnam, Vung Tau was made a hub of Vietnam's new oil and gas industry. In order to host more than 20,000 Soviet petroleum engineers and specialists, the government assigned an exclusive residential area in what is now Vietsovpetro living quarter, also known locally as \"Khu N\u0103m T\u1ea7ng\" (Five Storey Zone). In 1986, the Council of Ministers decided that the five wards of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u - C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o Special Zone would be rearranged into 11 new wards, numbered from 1 to 11. Ward 7 was, therefore, created out of Th\u1eafng Nh\u00ec Ward. Administrative divisions. The ward was divided into 9 quarters, numbered from 1 to 9. Education. The ward lies in the school zones of four primary schools (L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, Quang Trung, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc and B\u00f9i Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n), and five secondary schools (Duy T\u00e2n, Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa, Th\u1eafng Nh\u00ec, V\u00f5 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng To\u1ea3n and Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Linh). Among these, only L\u00ea L\u1ee3i Primary and Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa Secondary Schools are based in the ward."}, {"text": "Ward 8 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 9 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 10 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 11 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ward 12 () is a ward of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Th\u1eafng Nh\u1ea5t is a ward () of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Matthew William Choptuik (born 1961) is a Canadian theoretical physicist specializing in numerical relativity. Choptuik graduated from University of British Columbia with a master's degree in 1982 and a Ph.D. advised by William Unruh in 1986. He became an associate professor in 1995 at the University of Texas at Austin. In 1999 he became a member of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara and in the same year he became a professor at University of British Columbia. In 1993, he discovered critical phenomena in gravitational collapse via numerical studies. He showed\u2014under non-generic initial conditions \u2014the possibility of the occurrence of naked singularity in general relativity with scalar matter. This had previously been the subject of a bet between Stephen Hawking, Kip Thorne and John Preskill. Hawking lost the bet after Choptuik's publication, but renewed it under non-generic initial conditions. Choptuik was the 2001 awardee of the Rutherford Memorial Medal. In 2003 he received the CAP-CRM Prize in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. In 2003 he became a fellow of the American Physical Society. In 2002, he became an honorary doctor of Brandon University."}, {"text": "Th\u1eafng Nh\u00ec is a ward () of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Th\u1eafng Tam is a ward () of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Nguy\u1ec5n An Ninh is a ward () of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "\"Better Half of Me\" is a song by Scottish singer-songwriter Tom Walker. The song was released as a digital download on 4 October 2019 as the fourth single from the deluxe edition of his debut studio album, \"What a Time to Be Alive\". The song was written by Tom Walker, Joel Laslett Pott and Cam Blackwood. Music video. A music video to accompany the release of \"Better Half of Me\" was first released onto YouTube on 11 October 2019."}, {"text": "Reginald Jefferson Lawson (born August 2, 1997) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. Amateur career. Lawson attended Victor Valley High School in Victorville, California. Lawson played in the 2015 Perfect Game All-American Classic. Lawson was a member of Team USA when they won Gold at the 2015 WBSC U-18 Baseball World Cup. He had committed to play college baseball at Arizona State University. Lawson was drafted by the San Diego Padres, with the 71st overall selection, in the Compensation Round B of the 2016 MLB draft. He signed with the Padres for a $1.9 million signing bonus. Professional career. Lawson made his professional debut in 2016 with the AZL Padres of the Rookie-level Arizona League, going 0\u20130 with an 8.31 ERA and 7 strikeouts over innings. He spent the 2017 season with the Fort Wayne TinCaps of the Single\u2013A Midwest League, going 4\u20136 with a 5.30 ERA and 89 strikeouts over 73 innings. Lawson spent the 2018 season with the Lake Elsinore Storm of the High\u2013A California League, going 8\u20135 with a 4.69 ERA and 117 strikeouts over 117 innings. In 2019, Lawson played for the Amarillo Sod Poodles of the Double-A Texas League, going"}, {"text": "3\u20131 with a 5.20 ERA and 36 strikeouts over innings. He appeared in just six games due to an elbow injury. Following the 2019 season, Lawson played for the Peoria Javelinas of the Arizona Fall League. Lawson did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He additionally underwent Tommy John surgery in March of the same year. On November 20, 2020, the Padres added Lawson to their 40-man roster in order to protect him from the Rule 5 draft. Lawson missed a large portion of the 2021 season recovering from Tommy John, and pitched only minor league innings, allowing 10 runs. He was out righted off of the 40-man roster following the season on November 19, 2021. He began the 2022 season with the Double\u2013A San Antonio Missions, compiling a 4\u20136 record and 5.63 ERA with 55 strikeouts across 17 starts. Lawson announced his retirement from professional baseball on August 13, 2022. On November 14, 2023, Lawson came out of retirement and re\u2013joined the Padres organization. He returned to Double-A San Antonio for the 2024 season, but struggled to an 8.10 ERA with 14 strikeouts in"}, {"text": "innings pitched across 13 relief outings. Lawson elected free agency following the season on November 4, 2024."}, {"text": "R\u1ea1ch D\u1eeba is a ward () of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Misheck Chidzambwa (n\u00e9e Marimo; 1954/1955 \u2013 24 June 2021) was a Zimbabwean football player and manager. Early and personal life. His older brother Sunday was also a footballer. Their original surname was Marimo. Playing career. Chidzambwa played as a defender for Dynamos. He served as captain of the national team, captaining them to the Cecafa Senior Challenge Cup in 1985. He combined his football career with working for the police. He retired in 1987 due to injury. Coaching career. Chidzambwa was on Clemens Westerhof's coaching staff when he was manager of the Zimbabwe national team. He succeeded Westerhof as manager in 2000, winning the Cosafa Cup. He also managed club sides Tanganda, Chapungu United, Sporting Lions and Blue Ribbon. With Tanganda he won the Castle Cup in 1993. He was fired by Blue Ribbon in 2011, and left football. In February 2017 he said he wanted to return to football. Later that year he returned to coaching at Universals, also occasionally playing for the club. Later life and death. He died on 24 June 2021, aged 66. He had been unwell since May 2020."}, {"text": "Long H\u01b0\u01a1ng is a ward () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Long T\u00e2m is a ward () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Stolyar () is a Russian and Ukrainian language occupational surname literally meaning \"carpenter, cabinetmaker, joiner\". Notable people with the surname include:"}, {"text": "The Kegaska River () is a salmon river flowing on North shore of Estuary of Saint Lawrence. It crosses the unorganized territory of Petit-M\u00e9catina, in the Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region in the C\u00f4te-Nord, in the province of Quebec, Canada. Location. The river flows from north to south for almost between the Natashquan River in the west and Musquaro River in the east. The river flows for about through the hills, then meanders through the swampy lowlands before flowing into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. There are several rapids and waterfalls. In the downstream section it flows through Lake Kegaska, which is long and covers . It then meanders down into the marshes of the coastal plain. The mouth of the river is in the unorganized territory of Petit-M\u00e9catina in the Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality. Natashquan is about west of the river mouth. The small village of Kegashka and the harbor of Kegaska are further east at the other end of Kagaska Bay. The sandy beaches are known as an area to observe birds and marine mammals, and to gather clams. In early 2009 a new long steel bridge was built over the river. It"}, {"text": "was needed to carry machinery for construction of an almost section of Quebec Route 138 between Kegaska and the Natashquan River. Name. The Innu call Kagaska Bay \"Tshekahkat\" and call the river \"Tshehkahkau Hipu\". These could be variants of the word \"tshakashekau\" meaning \"rocky escarpment with a steep slope at its summit\". P\u00e8re Arnaud says Kegasta means \"bay on each side of the point\". Eug\u00e8ne Rouillard, in \"Noms g\u00e9ographiques de la Province de Qu\u00e9bec et des Provinces Maritimes emprunt\u00e9s aux langues sauvages\" (1906), says it means \"a peninsula\". Another source says \"kegaska\" comes from the Innu word \"quegasca\" which means \"a shortcut or easy passage at high tide between the mainland and the islands\". Description. According to the \"Dictionnaire des rivi\u00e8res et lacs de la province de Qu\u00e9bec\" (1914), Basin. The river basin covers . It lies between the basins of the Natashquan River and the Musquaro River. It covers part of the unorganized territory of Petit-M\u00e9catina and part of the municipality of C\u00f4te-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent. Part of the basin is in the proposed Natashquan River Valley Biodiversity Reserve. A map of the ecological regions of Quebec shows the river in sub-regions 6n-T and 6m-T of the east spruce/moss subdomain. Along the"}, {"text": "river the vegetation is sparse due to the harsh climate and strong winds, and in some areas the gneiss and granite bedrock is exposed. Human use. In the past the Innu used the K\u00e9gaska River as a transportation corridor, then as a trade route during the fur trading period. In 1702 Augustin Le Gardeur de Courtemanche obtained a concession for hunting and fishing extending from the Kegaska River to the Kessessakiou River. Seal and whale oil were much sought after during this period for lighting. In 1831 the Hudson's Bay Company occupied a salmon fishing and trading post at the mouth of the river. The Kegaska River provides excellent habitat for Atlantic salmon, which can use of the river and tributaries. Sport fishing by boat or wading is practiced on the lowest in four pools that are influenced by the tides. The average weight of salmon caught is . The Leslie Foreman Fishing Club, named after a family from Nova Scotia who settled there in 1855, holds the exclusive fishing rights to the portion of the river up to Lake Kegaska, which is about from the estuary. The first cabins of the Leslie Foreman outfitter are at the mouth of"}, {"text": "the river. The outfitter also has a cabin northwest of Kegaska near Lake Kegaska. This cabin could be reached by boat, but many portages would be needed. It is easier to reach the lake by float plane."}, {"text": "Gun laws in North Macedonia allow firearm ownership on shall-issue basis for hunters and collectors and may-issue for self-defense purposes. With approximately 30 civilian firearms per 100 people, North Macedonia is the 15th most armed country in the world. Regulation. In 2005 \"Law on Weapons\" was passed which remains in force today with some amendments. At the beginning law allowed firearm possession on may-issue basis. In 2007 amendment was passed which removed police's discretion in granting firearm licenses for hunting purposes by stipulating what conditions must be met in order to get them, however self-defense licenses remained may-issue. Types of firearms. The law divides firearms into four categories: Munition can only be bought with a permission given out by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Getting a license. To get firearm license in North Macedonia one must be at least 18 years old, able-bodied, healthy, not representing danger to public order, has permanent residency, has technical knowledge of weapons and regulations related to them and has a justified reason for acquiring it. Justified reason especially means: Firearm ownership. As of 2018 there are 180,000 (or 8.6 per 100 people) registered firearms in North Macedonia. \"Small Arms Survey\" estimates that there are"}, {"text": "451,000 illegal firearms in North Macedonia. 2002 survey provided breakdown for registered firearms: 70,574 hunting rifles, 48,128 pistols and revolvers and 10,982 hunting carbines"}, {"text": "Ghada Mohammed Abdel Razek (; born 1965) is an Egyptian actress, she began her career in 1997. She acted in many TV series and movies, and won many awards. Early life. Abdel Razek was born in Kafr Saqr, Sharqia Governorate in 1970. She is the youngest of her two siblings. She has lived for six years in Yemen. Career. She began her career as a model for advertisements. Her first acting role was in the TV series \"The thief I love\" in 1997. Her most famous TV roles were in \"Hajj Metwali's family\" in 2001, \"Mahmood Almasri\" in 2003, \"Sons of the night\" in 2007, \"Albateneya\" in 2009, \"Zahra and her five husbands\" in 2010, \"Samara\" in 2011, \"With premeditation\" in 2012, \"Life story\" in 2013, \"The First Lady\" in 2014, \"The Nightmare\" in 2015, \"Alkhanka\" in 2016, \"Land air\" in 2017, and \"Against unknown\" in 2018. She won the best actress award in Alexandria International Film Festival for her role in \"Hena maysara\". She won the Murex d'Or award as best Egyptian actress in 2013. She also won the \"Dear Guest\" award from Dear Guest magazine as best actress in 2018. She also become a judge for the reality"}, {"text": "competition television show \"Arab Casting\" with Kosai Khauli and Carmen Lebbos. Personal life. Ghada Abdel Razek was married and divorced multiple times. Her first marriage to Saudi businessman Adel Gazzaz took place when she was only seventeen years old; they divorced in 1994. Her second marriage was to a businessman from Port Said; they divorced shortly afterwards because of their age difference. Her third marriage was to Helmy Sarhan in 2001; they divorced one year later. Her fourth marriage was to producer Walid Al Tabaeyi; they divorced in 2009. Her fifth marriage was to journalist Mohamed Foda in 2011; they divorced in 2015. She has one daughter, Rotana Gazzaz, from her first husband, and she has two granddaughters. Ghada Abdel Razek is known as one of the biggest celebrities who support Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. On 7 May 2020, Abdel Razek announced that she married the cinematography director Haitham Zenita."}, {"text": "Long To\u00e0n is a ward () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Jacob Christian Bendz (20 March 1802 \u2013 12 September 1858) was a Danish medical doctor, military surgeon and titular professor. He was created a Knight in the Order of the Dannebrog in 1846 and was awarded the Order of Merit in 1849. He was a brother of the painter Wilhelm Bendz and a son-in-law of the wealthy wine merchant Christian Waagepetersen. He also wrote \"the first real Tarok book\" on the game of Danish Tarok. Early life and education. Bendz was born in Odense the son of mayor Lauritz Martin Bendz (1751\u20131824) and his second wife Regine Christence Bang (1772\u20131854). He graduated from Odense Latin School in 1819 and then moved to Copenhagen where he graduated with distinctions from the Royal Academy of Surgery in 1825, He continued his education abroad in 1827\u201329. Career. Bendz was a resident surgeon at the Royal Danish Academy of Surgery in 1829\u201333 and at Grederick's Hospitel in 1829\u201332. On 3 May 1833, he was appointed as Regimental Surgeon of the Guard Hussars at J\u00e6gersborg Barracks. He published a number of scientific papers and was from 1833 one of the publishers of Journal for Medicin og Chirurgie. On 27 September 1836, he became a Doctor"}, {"text": "of Medicine. In 1842, he was appointed as Chief Physician at the Royal Guards on Foot. The title Chief Physician had replaced that of Regiment Surgeon in connection with the merger of the University of Copenhagen's Department of Medicine with the Royal Academy of Surgery. On 4 April 1838, he was appointed as titular professor. Tarok. Bendz is recorded as the first author of a definitive book on Danish Tarok, an intricate card game related to German Grosstarock that is still played in Denmark today. The book contains good instructions for playing the game in addition to the basic rules. The book is undated but was probably published around 1840. Personal life. Bendz married Christine Sophie Waage Petersen (8 September 1810 \u2013 10 February 1873) on 17 June 1830 in the Garrison Church in Copenhagen. She was a daughter of the wealthy wine merchant Christian Waagepetersen (1787\u20131840) and Albertine Emerence Schmidt (1793\u20131864). Bendz died on 12 December 1858 and is buried at the Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen. Works. c. 1840. Untitled book described as \"the first real Tarok book\"."}, {"text": "Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Hi\u1ec7p is a ward () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u01b0ng is a ward () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean is a ward () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Trung is a ward () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Murali Kumar Gavit (born 8 January 1997) is an Indian long-distance runner. He won the bronze medal in the men's 10,000 metres event at 2019 Asian Athletics Championships. In May 2023, Murali won TCS World 10K Bengluru."}, {"text": "The 2020 Seoul Dynasty season was the third season of the Seoul Dynasty's existence in the Overwatch League. The Dynasty planned to hold two homestand weekends in the 2020 season at the Dongdaemun Design Plaza in Seoul; however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all homestand events were cancelled. Preceding offseason. Organizational changes. In October 2019, head coach Kim \"KDG\" Dong-gun's contract expired, and he did not re-sign with the team. Later that month, Seoul promoted assistant coach Park \"changoon\" Chang-geun to head coach and brought up Mun \"MMA\" Seong-won from Gen.G Esports as an assistant coach. The team released assistant coach Lee \"WhyNot\" Ju-hyeop in early November.<ref name=\"Dot 11/1\"></ref> On November 8, Seoul signed former Washington Justice head coach Kim \"WizardHyeong\" Hyeong-seok as a strategic coach. Roster changes. The Dynasty enter the new season with three free agents, one player which they have the option to retain for another year, and six players under contract. The OWL's deadline to exercise a team option is November 11, after which any players not retained will become a free agent. Free agency officially began on October 7. Acquisitions. The Dynasty's first acquisition of the offseason was on October 22, when they agreed to"}, {"text": "acquire tank Hong \"Gesture\" Jae-hee and DPS Park \"Profit\" Joon-yeong from the London Spitfire. A week later, support Kim \"Creative\" Young-wan was promoted from Seoul's academy team Gen.G Esports. On January 12, the Dynasty announced the signing of former London Spitfire support player Choi \"Bdosin\" Seung-tae. Departures. The first player to depart from the Dynasty was main support Lee \"Jecse\" Seung-soo, as he was released from the team on November 1. Two weeks later, it was announced that Seoul transferred DPS Kim \"Fleta\" Byung-sun to the Shanghai Dragons. On November 23, it was announced that support Lee \"Highly\" Sung-hyeok had been signed to the London Spitfire. On November 27, veteran support player Ryu \"ryujehong\" Je-hong was signed to the Vancouver Titans, and three weeks later, Seoul parted ways with off-tank Kim \"zunba\" Joon-hyeok. Homestand events. In December 2019, the Dynasty announced that they would hold two homestand events; both were to be held the Dongdaemun Design Plaza in Seoul. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea, the league cancelled the Dynasty's March homestand event that was initially set to be held from March 7 to 8. The game will be made up, with exact dates and times to be"}, {"text": "announced later."}, {"text": "Franch\u00f3n Crews-Dezurn (born June 13, 1987) is an American professional boxer. She is the current unified World Boxing Council (WBC) Super middleweight world champion and World Boxing Association (WBA) Super middleweight world champion. She was the undisputed world champion at super middleweight, losing to Savannah Marshall on 2 July 2023. She held the World Boxing Council (WBC) titles between 2018 and 2023; the World Boxing Organization (WBO) title between 2019 and 2023; and the World Boxing Association (WBA) and International Boxing Federation (IBF) title between 2022 and 2023. Amateur career. Crews-Dezurn lost to Mary Spencer in the quarter final of the 2011 Pan American Games at light heavyweight. In the 2012 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships Crews-Dezurn boxed at light heavyweight. She beat Sabrina Delarue, Dariga Shakimova and Timea Nagy to reach the final. In the final Crews-Dezurn lost to Yuan Meiqing. That meant Crews-Dezurn got a silver medal. In the 2016 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championship Crews-Dezurn boxed at light heavyweight. She beat Flavia Severin and Maria Kovacs to reach the semi final but lost to Yang Xiaoli so Crews-Dezurn got a bronze medal. Professional career. Crews-Dezurn debuted professionally on November 19, 2016, against two-time Olympic champion Claressa Shields,"}, {"text": "losing by unanimous decision. Crews-Dezurn won her first professional world title in September 2018, beating Maricela Cornejo for the vacant WBC super middleweight championship, in a bout held at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. On September 14, 2019, in a rematch against Cornejo, Crews-Dezurn retained the WBC super middleweight title and won the WBO title, defeating her rival in ten rounds by unanimous decision. Crews-Dezurn was signed by Golden Boy Promotions in June 2019. On 11 January 2020, Crews-Dezurn fought Alejandra Jim\u00e9nez, losing by split decision. However, on 10 February 2020, the result of the fight was changed to a \"no decision,\" due to Jimenez having failed a pre-fight drug test. In March 2020, the WBO stripped Jimenez of their belt, and in June 2020, the WBC did the same. Both organizations also reinstated Crews-Dezurn as champion. In April 2022 she defeated Elin Cederroos by unanimous decision at Madison Square Garden to win the WBA and IBF super middleweight titles and become undisputed super-middleweight champion. Crews-Dezurn attempted to defend her undisputed super-middleweight title against Savannah Marshall at the Manchester Arena on 1 July 2023, losing the fight by majority decision. After the WBC declared Marshall the"}, {"text": "champion-in-recess, Crews-Dezurn defeated the previously unbeaten Shadasia Green to regain the title on 15 December 2023. She defended the title for the first time against Citalli Ortiz at Turning Stone Resort Casino in Verona, New York, on 6 June 2025, winning by majority decision. Outside boxing. Growing up Crews-Dezurn wanted to be a singer. Before she became a professional boxer she was a contestant on \"American Idol\". She has recorded songs in the studio. In the music industry she is referred to as Franchon Heavy Hitting Diva."}, {"text": "Rikuya Hoshino (\u661f\u91ce\u9678\u4e5f, \"Hoshino Rikuya\"; born 12 May 1996) is a Japanese professional golfer who plays on the European Tour, where he claimed his first win in 2024 at the Commercial Bank Qatar Masters. He has also played on the Japan Golf Tour since 2017 and has won six times on the tour. Professional career. Hoshino turned professional in August 2016. In early 2017, he won the Novil Cup on the Japan Challenge Tour. Since 2017, Hoshino has played on the main Japan Golf Tour. His first win came in September 2018 at the Fujisankei Classic which he won by 5 strokes. With eight more top-10 finishes he finished 2018 as the 6th highest money winner on the tour. Hoshino qualified for the 2018 U.S. Open, his first major, where he missed the cut. In May 2019, Hoshino lost in a playoff for the Kansai Open Golf Championship before winning his second Japan Golf Tour event at the Dunlop Srixon Fukushima Open in June, a tournament reduced to 54 holes. A third-place finish in the Japan PGA Championship the following week lifted him into the top-100 of the Official World Golf Ranking. Later in 2019, he finished runner-up in the"}, {"text": "RIZAP KBC Augusta. Hoshino won the Fujisankei Classic for the second time in 2020, beating Mikumu Horikawa at the third hole of a sudden-death playoff. In February 2024, Hoshino claimed his first victory on the European Tour at the Commercial Bank Qatar Masters. Professional wins (8). European Tour wins (1). European Tour playoff record (0\u20131) Japan Golf Tour wins (6). Japan Golf Tour playoff record (1\u20132) Results in major championships. \"Results not in chronological order before 2019 and in 2020.\" CUT = missed the halfway cut<br> \"T\" = tied<br> NT = no tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic"}, {"text": "Stolyarenko () is a Ukrainian-language surname derived from the occupation of \"stolyar\", or \"carpenter\", \"cabinetmaker\", \"joiner\", literally meaning \"son of carpenter\". Notable people with this surname include:"}, {"text": "Josie Bennett (July 10, 1903 \u2013 October 4, 1985) was inducted into the ProRodeo Hall of Fame in the inaugural class of 1979. Life. Josie Bennett was born Josie Marie McEuen on July 10, 1903, in Enden, Arizona, in Graham County, Arizona. Bennett was the daughter of an Arizona pioneer and cattle rancher, Ed McEuen. She grew up at Fort Thomas, Arizona. Fort Thomas was once a cavalry post near the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation. Bennett was a teacher in the Arizona area until she married. She had a sister named Lois who married Everett Bowman. Bowman was a founder of the Cowboy Turtles' Association (CTA). He was also the president of the association for a few years. She was married the second time to fellow inaugural hall of fame inductee Hugh Bennett on December 24, 1930. Career. Hugh was the (CTA)'s first secretary/treasurer. He was a world champion steer wrestler and tie-down roper. In 1945, the CTA was renamed the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association. The CTA was struggling in the late 1930s. She used Hugh's position to contribute by doing the bookkeeping and correspondence for the CTA. Until 1942, she was responsible for all of the recordkeeping. She"}, {"text": "typed out most of the correspondence on a portable Royal typewriter. They used the trunk of their car for an office. However, all the work was pristine. In 1942, the CTA hired a salaried employee to fill the position. They hired Fannye Jones (who became Fannye Lovelady later), and she became the secretary-treasurer. Jones started out working in her home in Phoenix, Arizona. Lewis Bowman was Hugh's brother-in-law. Their wives, Lois and Josie, worked together in their unofficial roles as secretary-treasurer through Hugh's official role. Bowman recalled that: \"men signed the cowboys up and kicked 'em straight (sometimes literally!). The sisters kept the books and the money in the back seat of their car and did the office work. \"The ladies, Lois and Josie, actually did keep those records in suitcases in their car, and they worked without pay until 1942 when Fannye Jones Lovelady took over all the duties the sisters had been performing.\" Death. Bennett preceded her husband Hugh in death. She died on October 4, 1985, in Colorado Springs, Colorado."}, {"text": "John Hays (22 July 1949 \u2013 13 November 2020) was a British businessman, and the founder/CEO of Hays Travel, now the largest independent travel agency in the UK. Career. Hays earned a degree in mathematics from the University of Oxford. He later earned an MBA from Manchester Business School. In 1980, Hays founded Hays Travel in the back of his mother's children's wear store in Seaham, Durham. Hays owned 56.42% and his wife Irene owned 43.58%. Personal life. John Hays married Irene Lucas in 1997. She has chaired the company since his death. The couple had two children. Death. John Hays died on 13 November 2020, aged 71, after collapsing at the company's Sunderland head office."}, {"text": "Swallow was launched in Shelburne, Nova Scotia, possibly in 1820, and was registered at Saint John, New Brunswick, in 1825, and then in Plymouth, Great Britain. She was wrecked in the Azores in 1829. In 1825 \"Swallow\" sailed to Great Britain and assumed British Registry. She first appeared in \"Lloyd's Register\" (\"LR\") in 1826 with L.John, master, Broderick, owner, and trade Cork\u2013Gibraltar. The \"Register of Shipping\" (\"RS\") for 1829 showed \"Swallow\" with Johns, master, Broderick, owner, and trade London\u2013Fayal. \"Swallow\" was wrecked off Pico on 11 July 1829 with the loss of a crew member, her mate. She was on a voyage from Fayal to Plymouth, Devon. At the time one of her passengers was James Weddell, whose ship had become leaky on a voyage from Buenos Aires to Gibraltar and been condemned at Fayal. Her cargo had been transferred to \"Swallow\" and was completely lost."}, {"text": "Teslya or Teslia is a Ukrainian-language surname literally meaning the occupation of \"carpenter\", \"cabinetmaker\", \"joiner\" Notable people with this surname include:"}, {"text": "H\u00f2a Long is a rural commune () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "The 2019\u201320 Asia League Ice Hockey season was the seventeenth season of Asia League Ice Hockey. PSK Sakhalin and Anyang Halla were named joint champions after the league cancelled the Finals due to concerns from the COVID-19 pandemic. League business. Team changes. During the 2018\u201319 season, the Nippon Paper Industries Company announced that they would shut down the Nippon Paper Cranes at the conclusion of the season. During the off-season, the league approved the East Hokkaido Cranes as their replacement. - clinched playoff spot - Leaders Flag (regular season) champion Playoffs. The league cancelled the final on 26 February 2020 due to concern from the COVID-19 pandemic. The semifinal winners PSK Sakhalin and Anyang Halla were named joint champions Statistics. Scoring leaders. The following players led the league in regular season points at the conclusion of games played on 16 February 2020."}, {"text": "Long Ph\u01b0\u1edbc is a rural commune () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "T\u00e2n H\u01b0ng is a rural commune () of B\u00e0 R\u1ecba in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Coogee on 22 September 1928 because of the death of Hyman Goldstein ()."}, {"text": "The Treviglio\u2013Bergamo railway is a railway line in Lombardy, Italy. The railway infrastructure is managed by the Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, which classifies it as one of its complementary lines. The passenger service is operated by Trenord as a regional service. History. The line was planned in the last years of the Austrian domination of Lombardy, and opened in 1857 before the Second Italian War of Independence. It was electrified in 1954."}, {"text": "Long S\u01a1n is a rural commune () of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam. The commune lies north of V\u0169ng T\u00e0u, it consists of Long S\u01a1n Island and G\u00f2 G\u0103ng Island."}, {"text": "The 2020 Shanghai Dragons season was the third season of the Shanghai Dragons's existence in the Overwatch League and their first under head coach Moon Byung-chul. The Dragons planned to host two homestand weekends in the 2020 season at XinYeFang Studio in Shanghai's Jing'an District. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the all homestand events were cancelled by the league. Preceding offseason. Organizational changes. In September 2019, the Dragons parted ways with head coach We \"BlueHaS\" Seong-hwan and assistant coach Jeong \"Levi\" Chung-Hyeok. The team promoted Moon Byung-chul, who was the head coach of the Dragons' academy team Team CC, to the head coach of the Dragons. In November, it was announced that the Dragons signed Dong-soo \"Dongsu\" Shin and former London Spitfire coach former Los Angeles Valiant coach Jeong-min \"Jfeel\" Kim as assistant coaches. Roster changes. The Dragons enter the new season with one free agent, seven players which they have the option to retain for another year, and two players under contract. The OWL's deadline to exercise a team option is November 11, after which any players not retained will become a free agent. Free agency officially began on October 7. Acquisitions. The Dragon's first pick up of"}, {"text": "the offseason was announced on November 12 with the acquisition of DPS Kim \"Fleta\" Byung-sun from the Seoul Dynasty. The team announced their full roster on November 26, which included the additions of main tank Seo \"Stand1\" Ji-won from Gladiators Legion, former Los Angeles Gladiators off-tank Kang \"Void\" Jun-woo, support Lee \"LeeJaeGon\" Jae-gon from RunAway, and DPS Lee \"LIP\" Jae-won from Blossom. The team promoted tank player Lee \"Fearless\" Eui-seok from their academy team Team CC on January 19. Departures. The Dragon's first departure was on October 23, when they chose not to exercise their option to retain DPS Jin \"YOUNGJIN\" Young-jin. Shanghai announced that they would not re-sign their only free agent, Noh \"Gamsu\" Young-jin, on November 4. Four days later, support Son \"CoMa\" Kyung-woo was released from the team. The Dragons announced on January 19 that off-tank player Lee \"Envy\" Kang-jae was released from the team. Homestand events. In August 2019, the Dragons announced that they would hold two homestand events; both were to be held at XinYeFang Studio in Shanghai's Jing'an District. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Dragons decided to relocate their team to South Korea with no specific return time. Additionally, the league cancelled all"}, {"text": "February and March matches planned in China, which cancelled the Dragons's first homestand on February 15 to 16. The cancelled matches will be rescheduled for later in the season. The Overwatch League announced that the cancelled homestand events in China would be rescheduled for Weeks 5 through 7 in a studio in Seoul, South Korea; however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea, these matches were cancelled as well."}, {"text": "The Jonathan and Jennie Knudson House is a historic house in Brigham City, Utah. It was built in 1898-1901 by Jonathan Chester Knudson, a Mormon businessman whose father was a Danish-born convert to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Knudson lived here with his wife, n\u00e9e Jennie Ellen Pritchard. In the 1930s, the house was inherited by their son, Jonathan Chester Knudson Jr., also a Mormon businessman, who lived here with his wife, Lucille. It was later deeded to their son, Jake, who lived here with his Japanese wife, Tomie Kono, a Tenrikyo minister. The house remained in the Knudson family until 1998. The house was designed in the Victorian Eclectic style, with Queen Anne, Shingle and Neoclassical features. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 28, 2000."}, {"text": "Ngh\u0129a Th\u00e0nh is a rural commune () of Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ee9c District in B\u00e0 R\u1ecba\u2013V\u0169ng T\u00e0u province, Vietnam."}, {"text": "Edith Wilson (1872\u20131961) was the First Lady of the United States, the second wife of President Woodrow Wilson. Edith Wilson may also refer to:"}, {"text": "The Fryer Hotel is a historic two-story hotel building in Deweyville, Utah. It was built in 1902-1903 by Robert C. Fryer, and designed in the Greek Revival and Victorian Eclectic styles. Fryer was an immigrant from England who married Bashua Dorcas Kingsbury, lived in Salt Lake City prior to moving to Deweyville, and eventually returned there in 1913. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 7, 1988."}, {"text": "Mihajlo S. Petrov (1902-1983) was a Serbian-Yugoslavian avant-garde painter, graphic artist, illustrator, etcher, and art critic. Biography. After he completed his studies under the tutelage of Ljubomir Ivanovi\u0107 at the Arts and Crafts School and Milan Milovanovi\u0107 at the Royal Art School (\"Kraljevska umetni\u010dka \u0161kola\") in Belgrade. Influenced by Yvan Goll, Dragan Aleksi\u0107 and Ljubomir Mici\u0107, Petrov became involved with \"Zenit\" magazine which Mici\u0107 first launched in 1921 in Zagreb and then in 1924 in Belgrade. The ideas communicated through the \"Zenit\" art review became known as Zenitism, a first notable art movement from the Balkans in Europe. He then went on to pursue further study in Vienna (1922), Krakow (1923) and the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1924-1925). Petrov was one of \"Zenit\"'s most active associates in his first phase (1921), as well as its most ardent collaborator. He was also a collaborator with other \"avant-garde\" journals such as \"Dada Tank\", and \"\u00dat\", In 1924, Petrov was one of the youngest artists to have his paintings on display at the international exhibition in Belgrade which featured the works of more than 100 contemporary European artists. Petrov and two of his colleagues (Ivan Radovi\u0107 and Veljko Stojanovi\u0107) had a great"}, {"text": "impact on the art scene in Belgrade from the 1920s right through the 1930s. His \"oeuvres\" date from 1915 until 1946."}, {"text": "Rafah Nanjeba Torsa (born 9 September 1998) is a Bangladeshi actress, tv host and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World Bangladesh 2019. She represented Bangladesh at Miss World 2019. Biography. Torsa's father, Sheikh Morshed, was a lawyer and her mother, Sharmina Akter, is a housewife. Her father died in 2014. She has a younger brother. Torsa is an artist; a trained bharatanatyam and kathak dancer; a theatre artist, mime artist, reciter, and singer. From the age of 11, she's been working as a volunteer in the Lions Clubs International as a \"LEO.\" She received the first prize in folk dancing in the Bangabandhu Shishu Kishor Competition 2009 from Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. She also won a government grant to visit Japan, but could not attend as she was representing Bangladesh in a miming competition in Delhi. Torsa won a gold medal for bharatanatyam in the National Youth Competition 2010. She was the first runner up of NTV's Marks All Rounder Competition in 2010. She won the first prize in Chittagong divisional competition of the National Science Competition 2015. She also acted in a 2017 Bangladeshi film, \"Haldaa\", which was directed by Tauquir Ahmed. She is a third"}, {"text": "year graduate student of the International Relations Department of University of Chittagong. Rafah Nanjeba Torsa is also the founder of a non-profit organization named \" The Smile Foundation \" which started its journey in 2019. Pageantry. Miss World 2019. Torsa represented Bangladesh at Miss World 2019 in London, United Kingdom. She was able to win the first head to head challenge against four countries Miss Intercontinental 2025. Torsa will represent Bangladesh at Miss Intercontinental 2025 in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt."}, {"text": "Kristina A. Kvien is an American diplomat who has served as United States ambassador to Armenia since February 2023. She previously served as United States charg\u00e9 d\u2019affaires to Ukraine from May to June 2019 and from January 2020 to May 2022. From June 2019 to January 2020, she was deputy chief of mission at the Embassy of the United States in Kyiv. Early life and education. Originally from Orange County, California, she earned a bachelor's degree from Occidental College. After graduating from college, she worked as a market researcher for the \"Los Angeles Times\" and then pursued graduate studies at Stockholm University in Sweden. She later earned a master's degree in strategic studies from the United States Army War College. Foreign Service career. Kvien joined the Foreign Service in 1992, and her first assignment was as a consular officer in Paris. She later served as an Economics Officer at the Embassy of the United States, Manila. Subsequently, she served at the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs in Washington, D.C., focusing on European Union and OECD issues. She was then assigned as a desk officer for Slovenia. From 2001 to 2005, she served at the United States Mission to the"}, {"text": "European Union in Brussels as an Economics Officer, and then was transferred to the Embassy of the United States, Moscow, working on environment and energy issues. Kvien then became Director for EU Affairs, EU Economies and Caspian Energy for Ukraine and Belarus at the United States National Security Council. Kvien then accepted a post in London overseeing US-UK economic relations, covering finance and banking issues, civil aviation, terrorist financing, labor, and energy policy. Kvien has also served in Thailand as Acting Deputy Chief of Mission at the Embassy of the United States, Bangkok. Before being posted to Ukraine, Kvien served at the Embassy of the United States, Paris from 2016 to April 2019 as Acting Deputy Chief of Mission and Minister Counselor for Economic Affairs. At the Embassy of the United States, Kyiv, Kvien assumed the post of charg\u00e9e d'affaires from Joseph S. Pennington on May 28, 2019. Upon the appointment of former ambassador William B. Taylor Jr. as the new charg\u00e9 d'affaires, Kvien relinquished that post on June 18, 2019. She then served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Ukraine from June to January 2020. After the departure of Taylor in January 2020, Kvien again became acting ambassador. United"}, {"text": "States ambassador to Armenia. On June 22, 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Kvien to serve as the United States ambassador to Armenia. On November 30, 2022, hearings on her nomination were held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. On December 7, 2022, her nomination was favorably reported out of committee. On December 13, 2022, her nomination was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote. She was sworn in by Under Secretary Uzra Zeya on January 26, 2023, and presented her credentials to President Vahagn Khachaturyan on February 21, 2023. Awards and recognitions. Kvien is a recipient of multiple State Department performance awards. Personal life. Kvien speaks Russian and French."}, {"text": "Ralph Kerwineo (April 18761932) was an American who became notable after a 1914 incident in which Mamie White, the woman who had lived as Kerwineo's wife for over ten years, revealed to the local police Kerwineo's \"true sex\" (female). It was supposedly in retaliation to a legal marriage of Kerwineo and twenty-one-year-old Dorothy Kleinowski, and resulted in a police arrest and trial for disorderly conduct. The Milwaukee press followed the case with keen interest, however this local coverage did not pathologize Kerwineo, but preferred to describe a story of an upstanding citizen who donned male dress to support female partners. All charges were ultimately dropped. Life. Kerwineo was born (as Cora Anderson) in April 1876 in Kendallville, Indiana. The Andersons were the only people of color living in a small town of 2164 people, with Kerwineo's father being African American, and mother, Frances Anderson, being at least part Native American according to some reports (according to Mamie White, Potawatomie-Cherokee). By 1900, Kerwineo (then twenty-four and still living as Cora Anderson) had moved to Chicago. Living in a boardinghouse on the city's South Side, Kerwineo met an African American woman, Mamie White, and they were living together as a pair in"}, {"text": "1904. Around 1906, they decided to move out of Chicago and begin a new life together in Milwaukee, living as husband and wife. In Milwaukee, Kerwineo consistently presented as being South American (often Bolivian) of Spanish ancestry. It appears claiming an identity as an immigrant was deliberate and enabled Kerwineo to use racial ambiguity to blend into Milwaukee racial makeup consisting of a very small black population, but with a large portion of immigrants who were considered \"not quite white\" but were better positioned socioeconomically than the city's African Americans. This can be traced in censuses\u2014the 1880 and 1900 federal censuses marked Kerwineo (as Cora Anderson) as black, the 1910 federal census marks \"Ralph Kerwinies\" (reportedly born in Spain) as white. Kerwineo was able to rent a home in the city's tenth ward\u2014a neighborhood populated by mostly native whites\u2014and work as a clerk for the Cutler-Hammer company, at a time when the majority of the city's black men worked as domestic servants. The 1914 trial. Five months prior to Kerwineo's arrest, Wisconsin's \"Eugenic Marriage Law\" had gone into effect, requiring all males to undergo a medical examination for venereal diseases prior to obtaining a marriage license, and Kerwineo passed the"}, {"text": "examination to legally marry twenty-one-year-old Dorothy Kleinowski, daughter of Polish immigrants, on March 24, 1914. In May 1914, Mamie White, who had lived as Kerwineo's wife for over ten years, revealed to the local police Kerwineo's \"true sex\". It was supposedly in retaliation to the marriage with Kleinowski, and resulted in a police arrest and trial for disorderly conduct. The Milwaukee press followed the case with keen interest, publishing interviews with Kerwineo, White, Kleinowski, former employers, neighbors, and coworkers. They initially focused on establishing Kerwineo's \"true\" identity, involving \"true sex\", nationality and racial identity. As the arrest happened during the Mexican Revolution and American occupation of Vera Cruz, White and Kerwineo were both quick to disavow Kerwineo's previous claims to a South American identity and even later attempted to retain their distance from blackness by focusing on the Native American heritage. The \"Milwaukee Journal\", \"Sentinel\" and \"Evening Wisconsin\" each accepted White's explanation that with racism and sexism finding a job for a woman of color was hard, and it justified Kerwineo's decision to dress as a man to find gainful employment. Moreover, the local press did not pathologize Kerwineo, but followed this explanation and continued to write about an upstanding"}, {"text": "citizen happening to don the male dress. The Journal, Sentinel, and Evening Wisconsin each published extensive testimony from Kerwineo and individuals speaking on Kerwineo's behalf. \"The Sentinel\" described Kerwineo's testimony: \"Answering questions put to her quietly and with the dignity of a refined, well-bred woman, the girl-man told the judge why she donned male attire. She said it was for the purpose of leading a clean life and to better herself financially.\" The newspaper quoted Kerwineo's view on their own gender and identity: \"I had really become a man and imagined that the woman in me had perished with my years of change. ... We will pass over that part of my life where I became infatuated with another woman and married her. But in that raising let me state that I had come to love this woman as only a man can. Please remember now that I was harsh and hardened, that I took my adopted sex's view of life utterly and without question. My woman's soul had died and the man's had taken its place.\" Milwaukee police captain Sullivan told the \"Milwaukee Journal\": \"No woman ever came into my office who could use better English, or was apparently"}, {"text": "more refined than 'Mrs. Kerwineo,' and from my investigation, I believe that they are stating the truth when they say the only reason they set out upon this adventure was an economical one. They are not morally perverted in any way. I am convinced.\" Having satisfied dominant expectations for leading a \"good life,\" Judge G. E. Page suspended the sentence and allowed Kerwineo to leave free of charge. When the charges were ultimately dropped, the \"Evening Wisconsin\" stated that Judge Page was convinced that Kerwineo \"adopted the disguise for moral and financial reasons and led an exemplary life while posing as a man, had never made overtures to others to do wrong and had innocently induced Miss Klienowski into a mock marriage.\" In the national lens, Kerwineo was not portrayed as a productive citizen, but rather as a social outcast. Reporters of national newspapers preferred to report told Kerwineo's story not in relation to the Milwaukee community and its reactions, but in relation to national debates, such as the one brewing over eugenics. In academia. Kerwineo's story has been a subject of analysis in modern academia, particularly via a gender theory and queer theory lens. Before that, many scholars have"}, {"text": "followed Jonathan Katz's lead in characterizing Kerwineo as a \"passing woman,\" as Katz did in his landmark 1976 text \"Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.\" The anthropologist and trans studies scholar Jason Cromwell, who categorizes historical women who lived as men into three categories (\"(1) those who did so for a short-term gain or adventure; (2) those who did so for love; and (3) those who identified as men.\"), lists Kerwineo under category 2, based on the explanations found in the period Milwaukee press, though Kerwineo's identity continues to be debated in academic circles. Kerwineo has been a subject of Emily Skidmore's paper \"Ralph Kerwineo's Queer Body: Narrating The Scales of Social Membership in the Early Twentieth Century\", published in \"GLQ\" in 2014, and was one of the historical figures analyzed in her book, \"True Sex: The Lives of Trans Men at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.\""}, {"text": "Dame Irene Hays (n\u00e9e Lucas; born 4 February 1954) is a British businesswoman and former civil servant. She is the owner and chair of Hays Travel, the largest independent travel agent in the UK, which she jointly owned with her husband John Hays until his death in 2020. Early life. Hays was born Irene Lucas in Gosforth on 4 February 1954 and grew up in Ashington, the daughter of Vincent and Isabelle Lucas. Career. Hays worked in local government, rising to the position of chief executive of South Tyneside Council and Sunderland City Council. She was later an advisor to Ministers and Secretaries of State in Whitehall and served as a Permanent Secretary. In 1980, her late husband John founded Hays Travel in the back of his mother's children's wear store in Seaham, Durham. Irene now owns the majority share. She has been the chair of the Hays Travel Group since 2009. She was a non-executive board member at the Department for Education between November 2018 and December 2021 and was also chair of the Education and Skills Funding Agency (ESFA) management board. Irene was a board member of Sport England and The Academy for Sustainable Communities and a director"}, {"text": "general at the Department of Communities and Local Government. Under her leadership, the company has expanded significantly, operating nearly 500 retail outlets nationwide and generating a turnover of approximately \u00a3423.5 million in the fiscal year ending April 2023, with gross sales reaching \u00a32.2 billion. Hays has been instrumental in driving Hays Travel's success, notably leading the acquisition of Thomas Cook's retail operations in 2019, saving over 2,000 jobs. Since then, Hays Travel has acquired five other businesses, both retail and online. Hays Travel also carries out the back-office support services for 120 independent travel agencies across the UK. Honours. Hays was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours for services to local government and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to training, education, and young people. and served as High Sheriff of Tyne and Wear from April 2023 to April 2024. In December 2018, she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Sunderland. Hays has also been awarded an honorary MBA. She was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Tyne & Wear in 2020. Personal life. In"}, {"text": "1997, she married John Hays. They have one son and one daughter. John was the company's CEO. He died on 13 November 2020, after collapsing from cardiac arrest at the company's Sunderland head office."}, {"text": "Giselda is a given name. Notable people with the name include:"}, {"text": "Bo\u017eo Cerar (born 16 October 1949) is a Slovenian diplomat. Education and early life. Cerar was born on October 16, 1949, in Ljubljana, Slovenia, to Ivan and Jo\u017ea Cerar (n\u00e9e Grebenc). He attended primary school in Dolsko and Ljubljana-Polje and graduated from Ljubljana-Be\u017eigrad High School in 1968. He continued his education at the Law School of the University of Ljubljana where he received a law degree. After, he earned a master's degree in diplomatic studies at the University of Westminster in London. Additionally, he also obtained a PhD in international law with a focus on diplomatic protection at the Law School of the University of Ljubljana. Early career. He began his diplomatic career in 1974 in Yugoslavia as an intern at the Federal Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (FSFA). He then worked as Vice-Consul at the Yugoslav Consulate-General in Sydney, Australia from 1977 to 1981 and then served as First Secretary for press and cultural cooperation at the Yugoslav Embassy in Greece from 1985 to 1989. Dr. Cerar among others worked towards equal use and recognition of the Slovenian language in Yugoslav diplomatic service, especially in communication with Slovenian emigrants and Slovenian speaking Yugoslavian citizens. In the period between his first"}, {"text": "and second posting, he was the Secretary of the Committee for International Cooperation of the Trade Union Association of Slovenia. At the time of the breakup of Yugoslavia, he was the head of the Western Europe Department at FSFA. His last year in Yugoslav, first months in Slovenian diplomatic service, and his contribution to the Slovenian independence is described in his books: Diplomacija za kulisami (Diplomacy Behind the Coulisses) (2000), and Opazovalci (Observers) (2011). An extract from Diplomacija za kulisami was also published in Delo, a Slovenian newspaper. Work at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His work at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of the Republic of Slovenia began the morning after the proclamation of Slovenia's independence. In the Summer of 1991, after the Agreement at Brioni, the government of the Republic of Slovenia appointed him coordinator of the Liaison officers who worked to insure communication between Slovenian authorities and the observers of the European Union. They oversaw the implementation of the ceasefire between the Slovenian Territorial Defence and Yugoslav Armed Forces. In the second half of the year, Dr. Cerar led the Department for European Countries and North America, one of the two departments at the MFA at"}, {"text": "that time. In the spring of 1992, as a Charge d'Affaires ad interim, he opened the Slovenian embassy in London, where he served until 1996. The same year he also became the Under Secretary at the MFA and Head of the Cabinet of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, first Zoran Thaler, followed by Davorin Kra\u010dun and then again Zoran Thaler. From 1997 to 2001 he served as the Ambassador of the Republic of Slovenia to Canada. After his return to MFA he first led the Department for Multilateral Affairs and then the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Department. As an eager supporter of Transatlantic relationship and NATO, he was very active before the referendum on Slovenia's joining the Alliance. In 2004, he became the Ambassador of the Republic of Slovenia to Poland. In the first government of Janez Jan\u0161a in 2005 and 2006, he served as Deputy Foreign Minister. He was the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Slovenia to NATO from 2007 to 2011. After his return, he served as State Secretary in MFA in the second government of Janez Jan\u0161a, and then as the State Secretary in the government of Alenka Bratu\u0161ek. His diplomatic journey ended as Ambassador"}, {"text": "of the Republic of Slovenia to the United States and Mexico from 2013 to 2017. Published works. In addition to the aforementioned two books, Bo\u017eo Cerar also published some other books on the topics of international law and international relations \u2013 Veliki slovenski diplomatski pojmovnik (The Big Slovenian Diplomatic Glossary)(2024), Slovenski diplomatski pojmovnik (The Slovenian Diplomatic Glossary) (First edition 2020, Second edition 2023), Diplomatski pojmovnik (The Diplomatic Glossary) (2019), Diplomatska za\u0161\u010dita (Diplomatic protection) (2001), Faux pas (2013), Washingtonski zapiski (Washington Logs) (2018) and RSVP Kulinari\u010dna diplomacija (RSVP Culinary Diplomacy) (2022) as well as a number of articles (COBBIS). He has also published a series of fictional books for children, translated into English and Polish respectively, such as: Veronika in letalo ropotalo (Veronika and the Rattle Plane) (2001), Uganke za Veroniko (Zagadki dla Weroniki) (2005), Gorska ribica gre na morje (Little Mountain-Fish Goes to Sea) (2015), Hrib nad dedkovo hi\u0161o (The Hill Beyond Grandpa's House) (2018), and Slinko (2022). Dnevi preizku\u0161enj (The Days of Trials) (2001) represents a youth story. He has also published a partially autobiographic novel under the pseudonym Bo\u017eidar T. Dolenc, titled Grenke pomaran\u010de (Bitter Oranges) in a series of four books (2000, 2012, 2018, 2023). The novel"}, {"text": "is a rare example of Slovenian literature on the topic of the life of a diplomat. Zgodbe iz mladosti (Stories from youth) (2019) are also an autobiographical work."}, {"text": "Olof Tobias Sebastian Thyberg (born 12 September 1975) is a Swedish diplomat who served as National Security Advisor to the Government of Sweden from 8 to 9 May 2025. He resigned within 12 hours after his pictures from Grindr had surfaced. He was Ambassador of Sweden to Ukraine from 2019 to 2023. Biography. Tobias Thyberg was born in Stockholm on 12 September 1975. He holds an M.Sc. in political science from the Uppsala University and an M.Sc. in international economics from the Stockholm School of Economics. He speaks Swedish, English, Russian, French, Spanish and German. Tobias Thyberg is a career diplomat who served as Ambassador of Sweden to Afghanistan until August 2019. His previous diplomatic postings include Swedish missions in New Delhi, Moscow, Washington, D.C., as well as the Swedish Representation to the European Union in Brussels and the Delegation of the European Union to Georgia. On 8 May 2025, he was appointed as National Security Advisor to the Government of Sweden, but resigned 12 hours later on 9 May after sensitive pictures of him on the dating app Grindr were anonymously sent to the government. Personal life. Thyberg lives in central Stockholm with his husband Florian Fuckner, a German"}, {"text": "citizen."}, {"text": "Leirner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:"}, {"text": "Richland Creek is a long 3rd order tributary to Reedy Fork in Guilford County, North Carolina. History. Richland Creek was the scene of the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in 1781. Course. Richland Creek rises on the Buffalo Creek divide at Jaycee Park in Greensboro in Guilford County. Richland Creek then flows north through Guilford Courthouse National Military Park and then turns northeast to Richland Lake. It drains into Lake Townsend, where it meets Reedy Fork. Watershed. Richland Creek drains of area, receives about 45.3 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 440.36 and is about 20% forested."}, {"text": "The 2019\u201320 Utah State Aggies men's basketball team represented Utah State University in the 2019\u201320 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Aggies, led by second-year head coach Craig Smith, played their home games at the Smith Spectrum in Logan, Utah as members of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 26\u20138, 12\u20136 in Mountain West play, to finish in a three-way tie for second place. They defeated New Mexico, Wyoming and San Diego State to become champions of the Mountain West tournament, their second consecutive Mountain West tournament championship. They earned the Mountain West's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. However, on March 12, 2020 it was announced that the NCAA tournament would be cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous season. The Aggies shared the regular-season Mountain West title with Nevada, and defeated New Mexico, Fresno State and San Diego State to win the Mountain West tournament to earn the Mountain West's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament for their first appearance since 2011. They lost in the first round of the NCAA tournament to Washington. Preseason. Mountain West media poll. The Mountain West Conference media poll was released on October 15, 2019. The Aggies were unanimously"}, {"text": "selected by MW media members as the preseason favorites. Preseason All-MWC teams. Sam Merrill and Neemias Queta were selected to the All-MWC Preseason Team. Merrill was additionally selected as the Mountain West Preseason Player of the Year. Schedule and results. !colspan=9 style=| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=| Regular season !colspan=9 style=| Mountain West tournament Source:"}, {"text": "Sokoli is an Albanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:"}, {"text": "Kim Michelle Janey (born May 16, 1965) is an American politician, community organizer, and nonprofit executive who served as acting mayor of Boston for eight months in 2021. She served as president of the Boston City Council from 2020 to 2022, and as a member of the council from the 7th district from 2018 to 2022. As a black woman, her tenure as acting mayor made her the first woman and the first person of color to lead the city. Janey began her career as a community organizer and education advocate, working for groups such as Parents United for Child Care. and Massachusetts Advocates for Children. A member of the Democratic Party and regarded to be a political progressive, she entered politics when she successfully ran for the Boston City Council in 2017. She entered the Boston City Council in January 2018, and was selected as president of the Council in January 2020. On the city council, she represented the 7th district (which includes Roxbury, with parts of the South End, Dorchester, and Fenway). Being the incumbent City Council president, she became the acting mayor of Boston upon Marty Walsh's departure from the post when he resigned after being confirmed"}, {"text": "as the United States secretary of labor. She was a candidate in the nonpartisan primary of the 2021 Boston mayoral election, but had an unsuccessful fourth-place finish. She later endorsed Michelle Wu for the general election. Wu went on to win the general election, and became Janey's successor. As acting mayor, Janey dealt with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. She launched a Vaccine Equity Grant Initiative to increase awareness and access to the COVID-19 vaccine in communities that were disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. She announced a municipal eviction moratorium in August, after the United States Supreme Court overturned a federal moratorium that had been in place. She also dealt with the homelessness population in the Mass and Cass area, clearing the area's tent city towards the end of her acting mayoralty. She signed into law an ordinance which restricted the Boston Police Department's use of tear gas, pepper spray and rubber bullets, a measure similar to one which had been vetoed earlier in the year by Mayor Walsh. She launched a pilot program that made the MBTA Route 28 bus fare-free for three-months. This laid groundwork that her successor, Michelle Wu, built upon to launch an expanded fare-free bus service"}, {"text": "pilot program. Since May 2022, Janey has served as the chief executive officer of Economic Mobility Pathways (EMPath), a Boston nonprofit which addresses poverty. She has also held teaching fellowships at Harvard University and Salem State University and worked as an executive in residence at The Boston Foundation since leaving public office. Early life and education. Kim Michelle Janey was born on May 16, 1965, in Roxbury, Boston, to Clifford B. Janey and Phyllis Janey, who divorced when she was young. Her father taught and worked as a school administrator in Boston, and would serve as superintendent of the Rochester City School District, District of Columbia Public Schools, and Newark Public Schools. The birthplaces of her ancestors include North Carolina on her mother's side, and Guyana, Virginia, Nova Scotia, and Massachusetts on her father's. One grandfather was born in Chelsea in 1915 and a great-grandfather in Medford in 1890. She \"has had family in the city of Boston for six generations\". Her family was well known in the Roxbury neighborhood. Janey has ancestors that escaped to Canada through the Underground Railroad before settling in Boston in the latter half of the 19th century. When she was eleven years old, Janey"}, {"text": "attended school in Charlestown, Boston. She, along with other students, was bused from Roxbury to Charlestown as part of Boston's controversial court-mandated school desegregation plan. She later attended high school in Reading, Massachusetts, under METCO, a program that allowed city students to voluntary commute to nearby suburbs for high school. She gave birth to a daughter at the age of sixteen. While continuing to attend high school, she also held a job in order to pay for expenses related to raising her daughter. Her father ejected her from his home, and she received assistance from the local nonprofit EMPath, who allowed her to use their shelter. She was able to graduate high school, and did so with her 18-month-old daughter accompanying her at her graduation ceremony. She also volunteered for Mel King's campaign in the 1983 Boston mayoral election. After graduating from high school, Janey worked to raise her daughter and attended community college. She entered Smith College but interrupted her studies to care for her ill grandfather after the death of her grandmother. In 1994, she participated in the Ada Comstock Scholars Program designed for students who are older than the traditional age for college students. She eventually graduated"}, {"text": "from Smith College in 1994. She suffered from housing insecurity. In order to pay for her first apartment, which was located in the Dorchester neighborhood, she made use of a Section 8 voucher. Career as a community organizer. Janey worked as a community organizer and education advocate for Parents United for Child Care. She joined the Massachusetts Advocates for Children, a nonprofit, in 2001. At Massachusetts Advocates for Children, she worked for roughly seventeen years as an activist and project director, mainly focusing on eliminating the opportunity and achievement gaps in education for children of color, children learning English as a second language, children with special needs, and children living in poverty. During her time there, she was given the position of senior project director. Janey endorsed John Barros's candidacy in the 2013 Boston mayoral election. In 2015, Janey served on the transition team aiding Tommy Chang in his transition into the position of superintendent of Boston Public Schools. Boston City Council. Janey served on the Boston City Council from 2018 through 2022. She was regarded as a progressive member of the Boston City Council. She was a district city councilor, representing the council's seventh district. Her district was centered"}, {"text": "in the Roxbury neighborhood, and also contained parts of Dorchester, the Fenway and the South End. She dubbed her district \"ground zero\" for issues in the city such as economic and racial inequalities, an insufficient supply affordable housing, traffic, and the opioid epidemic. Roxbury is one of the city's most impoverished areas. As a member of the council, she focused on social justice issues and matters related to education. She supported changing the method of choosing Boston School Committee members, replacing the current system of mayoral appointment with an elected school committee. First term. Janey was first elected to the Boston City Council in November 2017. In the September Democratic primary she led the field of thirteen candidates with 25% of the votes, and then she faced the other leading candidate, Rufus Faulk, in the general election. She won the election with 55.5 percent of the 8,901 votes cast. When she was sworn in in January 2018, she became the first woman to represent District 7 on the council. In July 2018, Janey, along with fellow city councilors Lydia Edwards and Michelle Wu, introduced legislation that would have removed as-of-right designations for chain stores, thereby requiring a conditional use permit"}, {"text": "for a chain stores to open and operate in any area designated as a \"neighborhood business district\". In promotion of the proposed legislation, she said, \"While chain stores also play a role in our economy, it is imperative that community members have the opportunity to weigh in on whether to allow them based on the unique circumstances of their neighborhood business district.\" Janey partnered with fellow councilor Michelle Wu to probe the city's process for awarding municipal contracts, finding that only 1% municipal contracts were going to women and minority-owned vendors. These findings were the impetus for the city to start looking at ways to diversify the recipients of city contracts. In November 2019, the City Council passed an ordinance authored by Janey, aiming to increase equity in the legal cannabis industry. The ordinance included the creation of a new oversight board to assess and vote on applications for licenses based on a set criteria. Mayor Walsh signed the ordinance into law later that month. John Jordan of the publication \"Globest\" wrote that the ordinance made the city the, \"first US city to prioritize cannabis industry diversity\". The ordinance changed the way marijuana dispensaries were awarded licenses by the city,"}, {"text": "establishing an independent board to review applications. Previously, licenses were awarded by the mayor's office. Janey and fellow councilor Lydia Edwards proposed a real estate transfer tax. Negotiations with other city councilors reduced this to a 2% tax on properties valued at $2 million or more, a decrease from their original proposal of a 6% tax. In December 2019, the Boston City Council voted to adopt Janey and Edwards' home rule petition requesting that the state permit the city to impose such as tax. Mayor Walsh advanced the home rule petition to the legislature. If the petition had been authorized by the state, revenue raised from the tax (predicted to be in excess of $160 million annually) was to be placed in the city's Neighborhood Housing Trust to build affordable housing. Second term and council presidency. Janey was reelected in November 2019 with over 70% of the votes cast in her district. In her reelection campaign, it attracted attention that she shared a campaign office with both the reelection campaign of at-large councilor Michelle Wu and the election campaign of at-large council candidate Alejandra St. Guillen. Wu and Janey were regarded to both be progressive members of the Boston City"}, {"text": "Council. After the election, Janey argued that the results, which delivered what was regarded to be the most diverse membership in the council's history, provided a political mandate for the city government to pursue more ambitious action and to work to better represent the city's population. In January 2020, Janey was elected as president of the City Council by her fellow councilors. Janey was the third consecutive female president of the Boston City Council. She was the second black woman to serve in the role, after only her immediate predecessor Andrea Campbell. Her presidency of the council marked the first time since Bruce Bolling's 1980s presidency that a council president hailed from the Roxbury neighborhood. In 2021, Janey and fellow councilor Andrea Campbell proposed an ordinance that would have banned employers in Boston from running credit checks on job seekers, arguing that credit checks are most detrimental to low-income applicants. Acting mayor of Boston. On January 7, 2021, President-elect Joe Biden selected Boston mayor Marty Walsh as his nominee for Secretary of Labor. On March 22, 2021, Walsh was confirmed by the United States Senate; he resigned as mayor later that day. Janey, as president of the City Council, became"}, {"text": "the acting mayor of Boston, as prescribed by the Boston City Charter. She was the first woman and the first person of color to serve as acting mayor of Boston during a vacancy in the office. She held an unofficial swearing-in ceremony on March 24, 2021. The historic nature of her being the first woman and first person of color to hold any mayoral-style role in Boston's history caused her ascent to the role of acting mayor to receive national media attention. Janey referred to herself as being \"mayor\" rather than \"\"acting\" mayor\", dubbing herself Boston's \"55th mayor\". However, the Boston City Charter distinguishes between permanent and acting mayors. Janey, as City Council president, remained acting mayor until the 2021 Boston mayoral election in November 2021. Janey announced on April 6, 2021, her candidacy in the mayoral election. Per the Boston City Charter, acting mayors, \u201cpossess the powers of mayor only in matters not admitting of delay\u201d and \u201chave no power to make permanent appointments.\" In June 2021, amid tensions between her and the city council over budget discussions, the city council granted itself the authority to remove its president by a two-thirds majority vote. Should that action have occurred,"}, {"text": "the council would have elected a new president who would then have been designated acting mayor. During the time that she filled most of the duties of mayor on an acting basis, the duties of city council president were in turn filled on an acting basis by the council's president pro tempore, Matt O'Malley. In April 2021, \"Boston\" magazine ranked Janey at 32nd on its 2021 \"100 Most Influential Bostonians\" list. They wrote that, despite the limited powers an acting mayor has under the city charter, being poised to serve as acting mayor for a significant period of time (nine-months) meant that, for her, \"even mayor-lite powers are a pretty big deal, all the more so during a pandemic and economic crisis.\" The magazine also opined that \"Janey, though not a household name in the city until very recently, has plenty of experience and savvy to make the most of this opportunity.\" After Wu took office, Janey remained on the City Council until her term as a councilor expired in January 2022. Transition into the role. By mid-February, in anticipation Walsh's confirmation, a mayoral transition was underway. By February 16, Janey had conducted around twenty briefings with key municipal staff"}, {"text": "members, including cabinet members and heads of departments. She and Walsh regularly talked, and she attended the twice weekly meetings of Walsh held with the leadership of his mayoral administration. In late February, she designated several key individuals that she would appoint as members of her senior leadership team once she assumed the role of acting mayor. In early March, she established six \"Mayoral Transition Sub-Committees\" to help guide her transition into the role of acting mayor. Heading one of these committees was Frederica Williams. COVID-19 pandemic in Boston. Janey took office amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Ahead of assuming the position of acting mayor, Janey selected Omar Boukili to serve as her senior advisor on COVID-19 response and strategic initiatives. In March, Janey announced the Vaccine Equity Grant Initiative, which she worked to launch with the city's Office of Health and Human Services and Boston Public Health Commission. The program was aimed to increase awareness of and access to the COVID-19 vaccine in communities disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The announcement of this program was her first announcement after becoming acting mayor. In April, Janey and Boston's health and human services chief Marty Martinez announced the Boston Public Health"}, {"text": "Commission's \"Hope\" campaign, a multilingual public awareness campaign aiming to encourage Boston's residents to get vaccinated against COVID-19. In early August, Janey controversially compared requiring proof of vaccination (vaccine passports) to slave papers and birtherism. She walked back this comparison days later. On August 12, Janey announced a mandate that all municipal employees either needed to be vaccinated for COVID-19 or undergo regular COVID-19 tests. In October, she threatened that she might fire municipal employees who did not abide by this mandate. In late August, after the United States Supreme Court overturned the federal eviction moratorium, Janey announced a municipal moratorium, which would remain in effect indefinitely until the executive director of the Boston Public Health Commission rescinds it. It bans landlords and homeowners from serving or enforcing evictions on city residents, except in cases which involve, \"serious violations of the terms of the tenancy that impair the health and safety of other building residents or immediately adjacent neighbors.\" At the same time, Janey announced that she would direct the Department of Neighborhood Development to use $5 million of federal pandemic relief funds to create a \"Foreclosure Prevention Fund\" to help homeowners behind on payment to cover their expenses. Despite"}, {"text": "calls by her mayoral election opponents Andrea Campbell and Michelle Wu to do so in August, amid rising delta variant infections, Janey opted not to implement a COVID-19 vaccine requirement for entrance to indoor establishments, such as restaurants and gyms. Homelessness. In late March, Janey's administration temporarily shut down the city's \"comfort station\" in the Mass and Cass area (also known as the \"Methadone Mile\"), which is the location of a large homeless population. The comfort station provided services such as bathrooms to the homeless. It reopened with changes in May, but was permanently shut in July, with Janey's office citing safety concerns. In May, Janey stated that the city was \"reviewing\" the possible use of ferries to bring people to Long Island, where facilities could be used to provide services to the homeless (such facilities had been closed on the island since the 2014 closure of the bridge to it). By the end of September, she ruled this out as a viable option. In September, Janey announced plans to house homeless people from the Mass and Cass area at a hotel in Revere, Massachusetts. However, Revere mayor Brian M. Arrigo spoke in strong opposition to that idea. However, Janey"}, {"text": "had stood by the plan. On October 19, Janey declared homelessness and addiction a public health crisis. She also announced that she planned to remove tents from the Mass and Cass area, and relocate people into homeless shelters and treatment centers. She signed an executive order creating a \"central coordinating team\" of local and state officials to outline shelter and addiction treatments available in the region for those needing them. Her executive order also included the step of removing tents from Mass and Cass. The city soon after required homeless people to quickly vacate the area. Some advocates have protested her plan to clear the area's tent city. She justified it by citing the lack of hygienic facilities in tents, the sexual assaults and crime in the area, and the four or five overdoses that are reversed each day in the area. Opponents have argued that the dismantling of the tents and other makeshift structures, forcibly if necessary, effectively amounts to a criminalization of homelessness and addiction. Environment. In April, Janey appointed Mariama White-Hammond as the city's environmental chief. In late August, Janey announced that she would be moving to withdraw the Downtown Waterfront District Municipal Harbor Plan zoning plan."}, {"text": "The plan had been previously approved in 2017. She cited concerns regarding equity and climate resiliency. However, weeks later, Governor Charlie Baker threatened that state officials would reject Janey's withdrawal, unless the city submitted a replacement plan. On October 5, Janey signed into law the Building Emissions Reduction and Disclosure Ordinance (BERDO), an ordinance requiring buildings in the city that are larger than 20,000 square feet to reach net-zero carbon emissions by the year 2050, and setting emissions reporting requirements for such buildings. During Janey's mayoralty, the city began to explore the possibility of creating a climate bank through the Boston Green Ribbon Commission public-private partnership. This would be funded through a grant from the Bank of America Corporation, which is a member of the Boston Green Ribbon Commission. Policing. In April, Janey named Stephanie Everett to be head of the city's new Office of Police Accountability and Transparency, which was created in accordance with an ordinance that Walsh had signed into law earlier that year. In May, Janey signed into law an ordinance which restricted the Boston Police Department's use of tear gas, pepper spray and rubber bullets. Such a measure had been vetoed earlier in 2021 by Mayor"}, {"text": "Walsh. Around the same time, she announced that she had directed the city to drop its legal defense of a Boston Police Department promotion exam that had been criticized by opponents as \"racially discriminatory\". She ordered the city to move to reach a settlement in the years-long litigation surrounding the exam. This move followed both pressure from mayoral election opponents and a story in \"The Boston Globe\" on the lawsuit. Also in May, a report from an independent probe was released, finding Police Commissioner Dennis White to have had a pattern of alleged domestic violence. After this, she attempted to oust White, who had already been suspended by Mayor Walsh months earlier. White took legal action, challenging her authority as acting mayor to fire him. The Superior Court sided with Janey soon after, though White attempted unsuccessfully to appeal the ruling. In June 2021, she formally terminated White's employment. White later sued for wrongful termination. In 2022, most of the counts he was suing on were thrown out by a judge, though the remaining counts were cleared to proceed. In June, the Boston City Council approved Janey's 2022 budget, which included a $399 million police budget. This marked a reduction"}, {"text": "from the previous year's budget. The budget reduced police overtime from $65 million to $45 million. Her office claimed that their long-term plan would be to add 30 more officers to the police force, claiming that doing so would help to cut down on overtime expenses. While it passed, aspects related to policing did receive vocal criticism from some members of the city council. For instance, Councilor Andrea Campbell argued that it did too little to push police reform. Councilor Kenzie Bok argued that it should do more to push a decrease in police overtime spending. In early August, Janey announced plans to fund a pilot program that would see EMTs and mental health personnel respond without the assistance of police to 9-1-1 calls on mental health matters that are not a public safety concern. The plan was established by the city's Mental Health Crisis Response Working Group, as well as the Boston Police Department and the Boston Office of Health and Human Services at her urging. Transit. Soon after becoming acting mayor, Janey advocated for the MBTA to return to its pre-pandemic service levels. In March, Janey announced a pilot program that would offer 1,000 workers in five of"}, {"text": "the city's business districts (East Boston, and Fields Corner, Jamaica Plain, Mission Hill, Nubian Square, Three Squares) free MBTA and Bluebikes passes with up to $60 in credit. In June, Janey announced that the city would be funding a $500,000 three-month pilot that would see the MBTA's Route 28 bus be made fare-free. In 2019, as a city councilor, she and fellow councilor Michelle Wu had previously called for this. The city, in November 2021, announced that its data showed that during the pilot program ridership had increased to an excess of 70,000 in weekly ridership. Pre COVID-pandemic weekly ridership on the route had been 47,000, making the COVID-era pilot program ridership significantly greater despite the general impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transportation rider. The city concluded that, in comparison to ridership trends on comparable routes of the MBTA, the increase in ridership was directly attributable to the pilot program. A later more in-depth 2022 analysis found an overall 38% increase in weekday ridership from 7,500 before the pandemic to 10,200 during the September and October periods during the pilot program. The pilot program laid the groundwork to further fare-free bus service in the city implemented by her"}, {"text": "successor Michelle Wu. In December 2021, after Wu succeeded Janey, Wu extended the pilot program by two months. Wu later succeeded in launching a two-year program to have the MBTA Route 23, 28, and 29 buses run fare-free for two years, with this program beginning on March 1, 2022. Other matters. In May, Janey signed an ordinance into law which would move the nonpartisan primary for the 2021 Boston mayoral election, in which she was a declared candidate, from its originally-scheduled date of September 21, to the date of September 14. In June, Janey announced that the total amount an individual first-time homebuyer could receive in assistance from the city would expand significantly to $40,000. She also signed an executive order awarding city contractors state prevailing wages. In June, two female Latina American Boston School Committee members resigned over a scandal involving racially-charged text messages that they had sent about White West Roxbury residents. Stating that their resignations left a \"void in Latina leadership\" on the Boston School Committee, Janey pledged that she would appoint Latina replacements, a promise she fulfilled the following month. In June, Janey signed an ordinance that would allow for there to be a binding referendum"}, {"text": "on the ballot in the November 2021 municipal general election as to whether the city charter provision relating to the municipal budget should be amended. Among the changes proposed in the amendment was giving the City Council the powers to line-item veto some of the items in a budget put forth by the mayor, amend a mayor's proposed budget both in whole and in part, and override a mayoral veto of a budget by a two-third's vote. These changes provide the City Council with more powering the creation of a budget. Another change in the amendment was creating an Office of Participatory Budgeting, giving the city's residents more power in the creation of city budgets. Weeks later, State Attorney General Maura Healey cleared the referendum for inclusion on the ballot. The referendum saw the amendment approved by voters, thereby amending the city charter. In September, Janey signed into law an ordinance creating a city commission on Black men and boys. The Boston City Council had previously approved the creation of such a commission in 2014, but it had been vetoed by Mayor Walsh. On October 6, Janey signed an executive order replacing the city's recognition of the second Monday in"}, {"text": "October as \"Columbus Day\" with a recognition of the day as \"Indigenous Peoples' Day\". On October 22, 2021, Janey sent a letter to the United States Census Bureau to announce the city's intention to challenge the 2020 United States census results for the city, alleging that the city's population had been undercounted. As mayor, Janey's successor Michelle Wu would subsequently pursue a litigation against the United States Census Bureau on these grounds. In September, Janey signed into law an ordinance that amended the city's existing paid child leave law, changing the wording of the existing law from \"stillbirth\" to \"pregnancy loss\", and also extending paid family leave to those welcoming a new family member (such as through surrogacy or adoption) or acting as a caregiver. During Janey's tenure, some city signage was installed that included her name. Many signs in the city have conventionally listed who the mayor was at the time the sign was installed. Mayoral campaign. Acting Mayor Janey announced on April 6, 2021, that she would run in the 2021 Boston mayoral election. This was Janey's first citywide race, and only her third-ever campaign for public office. Early into her campaign, she was seen as a likely"}, {"text": "candidate to advance to the general election. Her acting incumbency, and the national media attention it initially received, was perceived as being a strong advantage. During much of the summer, she was seen as gaining ground in the election, and was out-fundraising her opponents. However, Ellen Barry of \"The New York Times\" and Lisa Kashinsky of \"Politico\" have suggested that her comments in early August on vaccine passports were damaging to her momentum. By the closing weeks of the nonpartisan primary election campaign, Michelle Wu was seen as the front-runner, with Janey being perceived as competing with Andrea Campbell and Annissa Essaibi George for a second-place finish. The video her campaign had released at its launch played-up her acting incumbency, setting a tone for her campaign, which leaned heavily into her acting incumbency. Janey made a deliberate effort to avoid use of the title \"\"acting\" mayor\", promoting herself as simply being the \"mayor\" without attaching the qualifier of \"acting\". In late-August, Joe Battenfeld of the \"Boston Herald\" characterized her as having run a \"Rose Garden campaign\", emphasizing her acting incumbency through weekly press conferences and playing a visible role in the city's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In a post"}, {"text": "mortem look at Janey's campaign, Joan Vennochi of \"The Boston Globe\" similarly described Janey as having taken a \"Rose Garden strategy\", speculating that she had patterned such an approach after Tom Menino's similar approach as acting mayor, which won then-acting mayor Menino the 1993 Boston mayoral election. Vennochi argued that, unlike Menino, Janey had been cautious in governing, and, \"didn't define herself or her plans for a future administration\", and had been \"carefully scripted\" in press conferences, outside of her controversial off-hand remarks about vaccine passports. Similarly, shortly ahead of the preliminary election, Ellen Barry of \"The New York Times\" had written that, as acting mayor, Janey had, \"been cautious in her new role, sidestepping hot-button issues that could hurt her in the general election, and remaining largely scripted in public appearances.\" It was noted in a September 1 article in \"The Boston Globe\" that she had been absent at 30 out of 60 candidate events such as forums, town halls, and one-on-one interviews to which all of the major candidates had been invited, while each of the other major candidates had attended nearly all of these events. In running for mayor, Janey was faced for the first time with"}, {"text": "the challenge of campaigning before a city-wide electorate. As a second-term district city councilor, her only two previous election campaigns had been before the much smaller electorate of her city councilor district. In contrast, two of her opponents, Michelle Wu and Annissa Essaibi George, had been elected city-wide in the past as at-large city councilors. During the election campaign, there was an ultimately-unsuccessful effort by some Janey supporters to coalesce black support around her candidacy and away from the other two black candidates (Andrea Campbell and John Barros). In late August, Janey began airing her first television advertisements. For her platform, Janey had outlined what she called the \"HEART Agenda\", with \"HEART\" being an acronym for housing, education, accountability, recover/resiliency, and transportation. Originally, like all other major candidates with the exception of Michelle Wu, Janey opposed rent control. However, in August, she changed her stance on the issue, and joined Wu in support of rent control. Janey supported having the state allow for the city to have the option of implementing rent control. Janey's platform also called for an equitable recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Janey conceded the election shortly after midnight on the day after the primary election, when"}, {"text": "very little of the vote total had been released. When the votes finished being reported, she had placed fourth. Her defeat as the acting incumbent made her the first incumbent of any kind since 1949 to lose a Boston mayoral election. On September 25, she endorsed Michelle Wu for the general election. Transition to Michelle Wu's mayoralty. On September 24, Janey met with mayoral general election candidates Annissa Essaibi George and Michelle Wu at the Francis Parkman House, and the three agreed to November 16 as the tentative date for the expected transition of power for the mayoralty. After Wu won the mayoral election, Janey served as the honorary chair of Wu's mayoral transition team. Wu became mayor on November 16, 2021, with Janey in attendance at the swearing-in ceremony. After Wu took office as mayor, Janey remained a lame duck city councilor until January 2022. Subsequent work. CEO of EMPath. In late-May 2022, Janey was announced as the next chief executive officer of the Boston Economic Mobility Pathways (EMPath), a nonprofit focused on addressing poverty. EMPath is an \"economic mobility organization\". With a staff of 120, its operations include one of the' largest family emergency shelters in Massachusetts. The"}, {"text": "organization had previously been supportive of her during her political career, and she had previously received their assistance during her pregnancy at the age of sixteen. On June 1, 2022, she began her tenure, succeeding Beth Babcock, who had led the nonprofit for sixteen years before retiring. In December 2022, with Janey at its helm, EMPath announced progress on AMP Up Boston, a three year study and program begun in December 2021, which will see Boston Housing Authority residents receive individualized mentoring in support of their efforts towards achieving economic independence. The program received the support of Mayor Wu. Other work. In early March 2022, Janey joined The Boston Foundation community foundation, being appointed to a one-year term as an executive in residence. She was tasked to work with the foundation's president and chief executive officer, M. Lee Pelton, on a project related to documenting, preserving, and promoting awareness of historical landmarks located in neighborhoods of Boston with large populations of people of color. In the spring 2022 academic semester, Janey served as a teaching fellow at both Harvard University and Salem State University. At Harvard, she was a resident fellow of the Harvard Institute of Politics. At Salem State"}, {"text": "University she was a fellow at the Berry Institute of Politics. In its fall 2022 semester, Janey was a teaching fellow at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Political activities. To a degree, Janey has remained involved in politics. For example, she endorsed the unsuccessful campaign of Shannon Liss-Riordan in the Democratic primary of the 2022 Massachusetts attorney general election. In January 2024, Janey was a member of a coalition of groups and individuals that filed a challenge to Donald Trump's inclusion on the presidential ballot in Massachusetts. The coalition argued that Trump was ineligible to hold the office and be included on the ballot, arguing that Trump had \"engaged in insurrection or rebellion\" while president as described in Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The objections were dismissed by the Massachusetts State Ballot Law Commission. Personal life. Janey is African American. Janey lives in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, where she also grew up. Janey gave birth at age sixteen to a daughter, Kimesha. Janey has three grandchildren. Awards. In 2015, Janey received the Boston NAACP Difference Maker Award. In January 2020, she received the Hubie Jones Award from the Boston Children's Chorus."}, {"text": "She received an honorary doctorate in fine arts from the Massachusetts College of Art and Design (MassArts) at their 2022 graduation ceremony, at which she was the commencement speaker. In 2023, she and her mayoral successor Michelle Wu were given the Boston Arts Academy Foundation's \"Champion Award\". Electoral history. City Council. write-in votes write-in votes"}, {"text": "The 2020 Toronto Defiant season was the second season of Toronto Defiant's existence in the Overwatch League. The Defiant were scheduled to host two homestand weekends in the 2020 season at Roy Thomson Hall in the Toronto Entertainment District, but both were cancelled in light of the COVID-19 pandemic as the league transitioned to online play. The team ended the season with a 7 wins, 1 bonus win, and 14 losses. The Defiant and were knocked out of postseason contention by the Los Angeles Gladiators in the North American Play-ins bracket. Preceding offseason. Organizational changes. In early September 2019, assistant coach Matthew \"Optidox\" Sims, who assisted the team with head coaching duties in 2019 after head coach Lee \"Bishop\" Beoum-jun was released, left the team. The following month, the team announced that former Paris Eternal head coach F\u00e9lix \"F\u00e9f\u00e9\" M\u00fcnch would be Toronto's new head coach. In late October, the team parted ways with assistant coach Sim \"Mobydik\" Seung-Bo and, one day later, hired David \"Lilbow\" Moschetto as a coach. Roster changes. The Defiant enter the new season with no free agents, ten players which they have the option to retain for another year, and no players under contract. The"}, {"text": "OWL's deadline to exercise a team option is November 11, after which any players not retained will become a free agent. Free agency officially began on October 7. Acquisitions. The Defiant's first offseason pick-up was on October 23, when the team acquired Young-seo \"KariV\" Park from the Los Angeles Valiant. A week later, KariV was joined by his former teammate, as DPS Brady \"Agilities\" Girardi signed with Toronto. The team signed tank Adam \"Beast\" Denton from Philadelphia Fusion's academy team Fusion University on October 30. On November 4, the Defiant announced the signing of former Los Angeles Gladiators DPS player Lane \"Surefour\" Roberts. The following day, they signed former Boston Uprising support Kristian \"Kellex\" Keller. The team then picked up former San Francisco Shock flex-tank Andreas \"Nevix\" Karlsson on November 7. Departures. On October 7, the Defiant announced that they would not exercise their option to retain flex tank Daniel \"Gods\" Graeser. The following day, they announced that they would elect to not retain DPS Hong \"im37\" Jin-ui, support Go \"Aid\" Jae-yoon, and tank Normunds \"sharyk\" Faterins. Their roster overhaul continued, as Toronto announced they would not pick up main tank Jo \"Yakpung\" Gyeong-mu's option the following week. In late"}, {"text": "October, the Defiant announced that they would also not retain Lee \"Ivy\" Seung-hyun, and they would not retain support Park \"Neko\" Se-hyeon. Regular season. Season start. The Defiant opened the season with a 3\u20131 win over the Paris Eternal. A subsequent close 3\u20132 loss to the Philadelphia Fusion marked the first loss of the season, followed by consecutive losses to the Atlanta Reign, Florida Mayhem, and Houston Outlaws. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic forced all OWL matches into online play, and led the league to introduce a new format involving multiple midseason tournaments: the May Melee, Summer Showdown, and Countdown Cup. Head coach F\u00e9f\u00e9 announced his retirement from professional Overwatch for personal reasons on April 14, 2020. Assistant coach David \"Lilbow\" Moschetto was promoted to interim head coach in his place. May Melee. May was marked with several roster changes for the Defiant. On May 1, 2020, support player Kellex announced his retirement from professional Overwatch. The team signed Harrison \"Kruise\" Pond from the Paris Eternal to fill his role; due to the constraints of the ongoing pandemic, Kruise competed for the Defiant from the Paris Eternal team house. Damage player Mangachu transitioned to a full-time coaching role on"}, {"text": "May 13, 2020. Toronto also signed damage player Thomas \"zYKK\" Hosono to a 14-day contract on May 22, 2020. Toronto entered the May Melee as the 12th seed, facing off with the retooled Vancouver Titans in a qualification match they won 3\u20132. However, the Defiant were promptly swept by the Atlanta Reign 3\u20130 and eliminated from the tournament. Summer Showdown. On June 2, 2020, the Defiant announced the signing of tank player Seb \"numlocked\" Barton, initially as an assistant coach but then as a player. Barton had formerly been signed to the Los Angeles Valiant, but had been released by the Valiant at the end of the 2017-2018 season. The team primarily fielded numlocked as the starting main tank for the remainder of the season over Beast. General Manager Jae-sun Won announced his departure from the Defiant and retirement from professional Overwatch on June 7, 2020. The Defiant entered the Summer Showdown as the 11th seed, and were selected by the fifth-seeded Los Angeles Valiant for their knockout stage matchup. However, with the prevailing Genji-focused metagame at the time, ushered in by buffs to the hero's abilities prior to the tournament, the Defiant were able to best the Valiant 3\u20131"}, {"text": "with former Valiant player Agilities' Genji as the centrepiece. The Defiant narrowly defeated the Atlanta Reign 3\u20132 in the subsequent quarterfinal, before falling 3\u20130 at the hands of the Philadelphia Fusion in the tournament semifinals. On June 21, 2020, the team announced that zYKK had been upgraded to a long-term contract. Countdown Cup. Toronto entered the Countdown Cup as the eighth seed following victories over the Washington Justice and Vancouver Titans, 3\u20130 and 3\u20132, respectively, but were knocked out in the first round by the Los Angeles Gladiators, 3\u20132. Postseason. Leading up to the playoffs, Toronto lost back-to-back games to the San Francisco Shock and Dallas Fuel, entering the playoffs as the ninth seed. The team went up against the sixth-seeded Los Angeles Gladiators once more in their first match-up and lost 3\u20132 to end their season. Roster. Transactions. Transactions of/for players on the roster during the 2020 regular season: Awards. Agilities, Kariv, and Nevix were selected to play in the 2020 All-Star Game. Logix, while not selected as an all-star, was invited to the Widowmaker 1v1 tournament during All-Star weekend."}, {"text": "Anne Katherine Salomon (born 1974) is a Canadian applied marine ecologist. She is an associate professor with the School of Resource and Environmental Management in the Faculty of Environment at Simon Fraser University. In 2019, Salomon was elected a Member of the College of New Scholars, Artists, and Scientists of the Royal Society of Canada. Early life. Salomon was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. The daughter of a physicist father and occupational-therapist mother. She lived near the University of British Columbia and spent a lot of time at the Jericho Sailing Centre. She started sailing when she was five and credits catching her first fish as her inspiration for studying the ocean. Growing up, Salomon cited primatologist Jane Goodall as an inspiration. She stated Goodall was \"inspiring a generation of women to explore the remote corners of our planet, observe nature and her mysteries and do whatever we can to conserve them.\" Salomon stated that when she was researching at the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, all projects involving Huu-ay-aht lands were brought to the Huu-ay-aht First Nation for approval. This heavily influenced how she conducted her own research. Education. Salomon earned her PhD from the University of Washington. As a"}, {"text": "woman in the field of academia, she has experienced sexual harassment. In one case, early in her career, she was sexually harassed by the head scientist of an organization she was researching for. The scientist was eventually terminated after she reported it. Career. After earning her Phd, Salomon did her post-doctoral work at the Marine Science Institute in the University of California Santa Barbara. In 2008, Salomon accepted the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship. Following this, Salomon accepted a position at Simon Fraser University (SFU) as an Assistant Professor of their School of Resource and Environmental Management. In 2013, Salomon was the recipient of a PEW Fellowship to research sea otter recovery in North America. Her research, which was in collaboration with First Nations groups and the Hakai Beach Institute, synthesized data of sea otter recovery and the impact it had on fisheries. She simultaneously directed SFU's Coastal Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab. That year, she also received the International Recognition of Professional Excellence Prize, which included a $4,000 endowment, by the International Ecology Institute. The next year, Salomon and local First Nations tribes began to petition to allow sea otter populations to return along the entire coast of"}, {"text": "B.C, which would trigger dramatic ecological changes, reshaping the Pacific near-shore ecosystem. She also helped launch the \"Outer Shores Research Program,\" which worked alongside the Hakai Beach Institute and Central Coast First Nations to \"understand the major drivers of changes and their effects on near shore coastal ecosystems.\" Her research interests also extended to studying ancient clam gardens in the Pacific Northwest. With fellow researchers Amy Groesbeck, Dana Lepofsky, and Kirsten Rowell, Salomon helped create the first study that proved ancient clam gardens were superior productivity. After that academic term, Salomon was promoted to associate professor. As an associate professor in 2015, Salomon received the Award for Excellence in Graduate Supervision. This was due to Salomon involving herself in supervising 31 students, in addition to those she supervises informally, within six years. She later earned a grant to study Ecosystem Tipping Points In an Era of Global Change. In 2019, Salomon was elected a Member of the College of New Scholars, Artists, and Scientists of the Royal Society of Canada. Personal life. Salomon and her husband have one child together."}, {"text": "The panels of the Armadio degli Argenti (Italian: \"Wardrobe of the Silversmiths\") are a series of tempera paintings on panel created by Fra Angelico ca. 1451\u20131453 and completed later by other hands using his preparatory drawings. They are now in the Museo nazionale di San Marco in Florence. History. The Armadio was designed as an ex voto door for Santissima Annunziata. According to a passage in the chronicle of Benedetto Dei, they were commissioned from Fra Angelico's studio by Piero de' Medici. The commission formed part of Piero's wider plan to create a family oratory between the 'Vergine Annunziata' chapel and the convent's library, in which the Armadio was intended to be displayed. The oratory was roofed in 1451, so the interior decoration could not pre-date that year. The last payment for the Armadio was made in 1453. A source from the same year shows how the Armadio was already in the oratory by that date, referring to a window as being located above it. The original arrangement of the panels is unknown, though they are thought to have originally formed two doors. In the rebuilding of the oratory between 1461 and 1463, when Piero built two rooms for his"}, {"text": "stays with the monks, they were probably rearranged into a kind of 'saracinesca' mechanically operated from above. At that point technical works were entrusted to Donatello and Lapo Portigiani. In January 1461 there is record of a payment to a Pietro del Massaio, painter, which was described as intent on \"teaching to paint the armadio\", probably in adding colour to the designs produced by Fra Angelico himself, who had died six years earlier. The colour in some of the last scenes differ from Fra Angelico's usual palette, with more yellow for example. After 1460 Fra Domenico da Corella recorded the panels in his \"Theocoton\" as works by Fra Angelico. All the later historic sources (Albertini, Billi, Anonimo Gaddiano) ascribe the entire work to Fra Angelico. The one exception is Manetti, who speaks of \"almost\" all the tabernacle as being an autograph work by Fra Angelico. Vasari attributed the whole work to Fra Angelico, but argued it was produced in his youth, a conclusion also followed by all 19th-century art historians. Modern art historians place it instead at the end of the artist's life, proposing collaborators for the non-autograph panels such as Domenico di Michelino (Berenson), the Master of Cell 2"}, {"text": "(Pope-Hennessy), Zanobi Strozzi and Benozzo Gozzoli (Salmi). The autograph panels include \"Annunciation\", \"Nativity\", \"Flight into Egypt\" and \"Massacre of the Innocents\". List of subjects. The cycle represents Christ's childhood, preaching, passion, death and resurrection:"}, {"text": "Squirrel Creek is a long 2nd order tributary to Reedy Fork in Guilford County, North Carolina. Course. Squirrel Creek rises on the Mears Fork divide about 5 miles west of Browns Summit, North Carolina in Guilford County. Squirrel Creek then flows south and then turns east to drain into Lake Townsend, where it meets Reedy Fork. Watershed. Squirrel Creek drains of area, receives about 45.7 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 432.80 and is about 49% forested."}, {"text": "Romantic Depot is a brand of lingerie stores that sells sexual health and wellness products. It was founded in 2000 by Glen Buzzetti. Overview. The first Romantic Depot store was opened in West Nyack, New York, in August 2000. Other stores are located in Manhattan, The Bronx, Queens and Yonkers. In 2016 the brand signed Cardi B to her first endorsement deal, which was noted by the \"NY Post\" in a feature article about \"Cardi B's meteoric rise from stripper to superstar\" in April 2018. On February 10, 2019, rapper 6ix9ine appeared in an anti-abuse commercial for Romantic Depot. The brand pulled the spots after it was alleged 6ix9ine was committing violence against his baby's mother, Sara Molina. In 2020, Romantic Depot was awarded the AVN award for the best retail chain. A Romantic Depot store opened on Queens Boulevard in January 2021. On February 14, 2022, Romantic Depot opened a new location at Fulton Street Brooklyn NY."}, {"text": "The 2020 Vancouver Titans season was the second season of Vancouver Titans's existence in the Overwatch League. The team entered the season as the defending Pacific Conference (previously titled Pacific Division) champions looking to bounce back after their 2019 Grand Finals loss to the San Francisco Shock. The Titans planned to host two homestand weekends in the 2020 season at the Rogers Arena in Downtown Vancouver, but all homestand events were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On April 30, the Titans parted ways with head coach Hwang \"paJion\" Ji-sub. Vancouver released its entire roster and coaching staff on May 6. Two days later, the Titans announced the hiring of Steven \"Flubby\" Coronel and revealed their new roster. The team struggled throughout the season, amassing a 6\u201315 regular season record. A 0\u20133 loss to the Washington Justice in the North America play-in tournament on September 3 ended the team's season. Preceding offseason. Roster changes. The Titans enter the new season with no free agents, two players which they have the option to retain for another year, and eight players under contract. The OWL's deadline to exercise a team option is November 11, after which any players not retained will become"}, {"text": "a free agent. Free agency officially began on October 7. Acquisitions. On November 26, it was announced that main tank Baek \"Fissure\" Chan-hyung had come out of retirement and signed with the Titans. A day later, Vancouver announced the signing of veteran support player Ryu \"ryujehong\" Je-hong. Departures. The Titan's first offseason roster change was on November 12, when the team released tank Hwang \"TiZi\" Jang-hyeon. Two days later, the team announced the departure of flex support Kim \"Rapel\" Jung-geun. On November 18, the team parted ways with DPS Lee \"Hooreg\" Dong-eun, as he looked to begin a coaching career in professional \"Overwatch\". The following week, Vancouver released main tank Park \"Bumper\" Sang-beom. Roster. Transactions. Transactions of/for players on the roster during the 2020 regular season:"}, {"text": "Several ships have been named Swallow for the bird Swallow:"}, {"text": "Polycera manzanilloensis is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Polyceridae. Distribution. This species was described from Manzanillo, Lim\u00f3n, Caribbean coast of Costa Rica."}, {"text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina competed at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics from 3 \u2013 12 August 2001."}, {"text": "Kilmany railway station served the village of Kilmany, Fife, Scotland from 1909 to 1951 on the Newburgh and North Fife Railway. History. The station opened on 25 January 1909 by the Newburgh and North Fife Railway. The goods yard was to the north. The signal box closed in 1928 and was replaced with a ground frame which allowed access to the goods yard. The station was host to a LNER camping coach from 1935 to 1939. At least part of the station buildings were used to provide \"camping apartment\" accommodation for holidaymakers from sometime in the 1950s until the early 1960s, there was accommodation for six people. The line and station closed to passengers on 12 February 1951. The line closed to goods traffic on 5 October 1964."}, {"text": "Smith Branch is a long 2nd order tributary to Reedy Fork in Guilford County, North Carolina. Course. Smith Branch rises on the Benaja Creek divide about 0.25 miles southeast of Monticello, North Carolina in Guilford County. Smith Branch then flows south to meet Reedy Fork about 2 miles south of Monticello. Watershed. Smith Branch drains of area, receives about 46.0 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 414.95 and is about 42% forested."}, {"text": "Hilmar Verbeek (born 23 August 1999) is a Dutch rower. He was born in Maastricht, Netherlands, where he rowed as a junior rower and competed twice at the Coupe de la Jeunesse. Currently, Verbeek lives in Delft to study Life Sciences at Delft University of Technology and Leiden University. Verbeek now rows in Rotterdam at the A.R.S.R. \"Skadi\" club. He won a silver medal at the 2019 European Rowing Championships."}, {"text": "Elizabeth Fee (December 11, 1946 \u2013 October 17, 2018), also known as Liz Fee, was a historian of science, medicine and health. She was the Chief of the United States National Library of Medicine History of Medicine Division. Early life and education. Fee was born in Belfast to Deirdre and John Fee, Methodist missionaries. From the age of five months, she began travelling with her parents to destinations including China, Malaysia, India, Egypt and throughout Europe. After contracting scarlet fever in China, Fee lost her hearing in one ear. In her teen years, the family returned to Northern Ireland where Fee attended school. Fee studied biology at the University of Cambridge and received a First. In 1968, she was awarded a Fulbright scholarship and went to study with Thomas Kuhn at Princeton University. She was awarded two master's degrees and obtained a PhD in the history and philosophy of science in 1978. Her dissertation, based on Victorian periodicals, was titled \"Science and the 'Woman Question,' 1860\u20131920\". Career. Fee taught history of science and medicine at the State University of New York and introduced controversial courses on human sexuality. In 1974, Fee went to work at Johns Hopkins School of Public"}, {"text": "Health, where she worked until 1995. She worked in departments including health humanities, international health, and health policy. Fee was involved in the feminist movement and the Health Marxist Organisation. In 1994, she coedited \"Women's Health, Politics, and Power: Essays on Sex/Gender, Medicine, and Public Health\" with Nancy Krieger. She became particularly well known for her work to document and analyse the history of HIV/AIDS. Historian Theodore M. Brown has said that Fee sought \"to make sure that vulnerable people do not have their needs and rights trampled in the rush to 'protect the public.'\" She coedited \"AIDS: The Burden of History\" in 1988 and \"AIDS: The Making of a Chronic Disease\" in 1992 with Daniel Fox. Her work informed scholarship on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer health and wellbeing. Fee produced almost thirty books and hundreds of articles, on topics as varied as the racialized treatment of syphilis, the history of the toothbrush, and bioterrorism. During her tenure at Johns Hopkins, Fee wrote a history of the School of Public Health, \"Disease and Discovery: A History of the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 1916\u20131939\". This is considered the first \"biography\" of the first school of"}, {"text": "public health, and it documented power networks in a supposedly technocratic field. Later, she and Roy Acheson wrote a history of public health education. In 1990, Fee became the editor of the history section of the \"American Journal of Public Health (AJPH)\". In the 1990s, she started the Sigerist Circle, which examined class, race and gender, and the Spirit of 1848 Caucus of the American Public Health Association, which sought to improve the understanding of how identity influences public health. Fee became the Chief of the History of Medicine Division at the National Library of Medicine in 1995. She oversaw moves to restructure the organisation around three sections: Rare Books and Early Manuscripts, Images and Archives, and Exhibitions. In the 2000s, she became one of the leaders of Global Health Histories, a group created by the Rockefeller Foundation and the World Health Organisation to analyse 20th-century public health initiatives. This resulted in the book \"The World Health Organization: A History\", written with Marcos Cueto and Theodore M. Brown. She was appointed Chief Historian of the National Library of Medicine in 2011. Shortly before her 2018 death, Fee retired to become an independent researcher. Awards. Fee received the following awards: National"}, {"text": "Council on Public History Personal life. Fee met her wife, Mary Garafolo, in the 1980s when Fee was based at Johns Hopkins. They married in Vancouver in 2005. Death and legacy. Fee died due to complications of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on October 17, 2018, in Bethesda. The June issue of \"APJH\" featured eight articles marking Fee's influence on the field of the history of public health."}, {"text": "Polycera marplatensis is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Polyceridae. Distribution. This species was described from Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, . It has been reported from Brazil to Patagonia. Ecology. \"Polycera marplatensis\" is common in the intertidal zone where it feeds on the Bryozoan \"Bugula\" sp.."}, {"text": "The Sri Dasmesh Pipe Band (Punjabi: \u0a38\u0a4d\u0a30\u0a40 \u0a26\u0a38\u0a2e\u0a47\u0a38\u0a3c \u0a2a\u0a3e\u0a08\u0a2a \u0a2c\u0a48\u0a02\u0a21) is a Malaysian Sikh pipe band. History. The band was formed in 1986 by Sukdev Singh, a commercial pilot and his brother, Harvinder Singh and was named after the 10th Guru of the Sikhs. Sri Dasmesh Pipe Band's work. They have played in various countries including in Australia to mark the centenary celebrations of world war 1 in 2009 and 2015 and also in Scotland in 2015 to pay tribute to Maharaja Duleep Singh - the last Maharaja of the Sikhs. In 2015 the band made history by becoming the first band from South East Asia to compete in World Pipe Band Championship. In 2016 they won the Kuala Lumpur Highland Games. In 2019 they made history again by becoming the first group from South East Asia to win the World Pipe Band Championship. They received a hero\u2019s welcome upon their return to Malaysia."}, {"text": "Patricia Woodlock (born Mary Winifred Woodlock; 25 October 1873 \u2013 1961) was a British artist and suffragette who was imprisoned seven times, including serving the longest suffragette prison sentence in 1908 (solitary confinement for three months); she was awarded a Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) Hunger Strike Medal \"for Valour\". Her harsh sentence caused outrage among supporters and inspired others to join the protests. Her release was celebrated in Liverpool and London and drawn as a dreadnought warship, on the cover of the WSPU \"Votes for Women\" newspaper. Early life. She was born Mary Winifred Woodlock in 1873 to an Irish socialist father David Woodlock, originally from Tipperary, who was also an artist, and his wife, Mary Teresa ( Martin). Known as \"Patricia\", she had three younger siblings: a decade younger sister, Evangeline; an eight years younger brother, Charles; and a two years younger brother, David Sarsfield Woodlock. Charles Woodlock reportedly became a Jesuit priest. Patricia was educated at Mount Vernon Convent. Woodlock became a member of the Independent Labour Party. Her family home was 46 Nicander Road, Sefton Park. At the time of her arrest in 1907 she lived at 2 South John Street, and later at 27"}, {"text": "South Humber Street, Liverpool. Suffragette activism. In 1906, Woodlock was a founder member with Alice Morrissey, of the first Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) branch in Liverpool. She became a Liverpool WSPU organiser in 1909. Woodlock was also associated with the Catholic Women's Suffrage Society, and with local women's church suffrage groups were able to cross the religious divide of the time, although the local press prioritised news on women engaging in violent sectarian protests. In Summer 1907, and again in September, Woodlock, Hillier and Morrissey held weekly meetings at a house in Colquitt Street, outdoor meetings at well-known socialist venues, Wellington Column and Islington Square, and lunchtime factory-gate meetings where many women worked, including Cope's tobacco and Crawford's Biscuits. Annie Kenney, a working-class suffragette leader, came to speak. Open-air meetings after working hours were held more than once a week eventually, and one event in 1908 had over 1,000 attending. Some spontaneous support from working-class men arose, for example, when Woodlock and others were being arrested while protesting at David Lloyd George's appearance in Sun Hall, Kensington, Liverpool. An \"obvious foreigner\", according to \"Liverpool Weekly Mercury\", a Mr Salinger was remanded in court after having been arrested for"}, {"text": "interfering with the police on behalf of the women but he was then released. Woodlock was arrested and imprisoned twice, once serving 14 days, before being sentenced to one month imprisonment for protesting in Parliament Square, London in 1907, with Aeta Lamb and Emma Sproson. The event was reported widely, including the \"Evening Express\" listing the names of 62 women who were arrested. At her trial, Woodlock said it was 'an honour for me to go to prison on behalf of my sisters.' Woodlock was described as \"diehard\" and one of \"the most unruly and turbulent of spirits\". A WSPU celebration meal for Woodlock and others released was held at the Holborn Restaurant, with a menu of seven courses. Woodlock took part in women's suffrage publicity and protest events, such as advertising for rallies in Heaton Park, Manchester on 11 and 19 July 1908 by dressing as human advertising boards with Mabel Capper and attempting to enter the male-dominated Manchester Royal Exchange. The July park events were well supported and altogether attracted 60,000 attendees. These gatherings got favourable or neutral treatment in the press news pages but no mention in the more specific 'women's' pages at the time. In February"}, {"text": "1909, Woodlock was a \"group captain\" of those who organised a large suffrage event in the Sun Hall, when Christabel Pankhurst spoke. In March 1909, Woodlock, with Alice Burton, Bessie Morris, Ada Broughton, and Cecilia Hilton, was one of the Liverpool delegates to the \"Women's Parliament\" in Caxton Hall, London, volunteering after hearing Emmeline Pankhurst speaking to the branch in Liverpool. Woodlock's prison sentences that year included the longest given to a suffragette (three months solitary) at the time, as a persistent offender, for obstruction offences at the protest on the visit of the Prime Minister, H. H. Asquith to Birmingham in September 1909. Woodlock, with Mary Leigh and Charlie Marsh, were force-fed on hunger strike in the Winson Green prison. Woodlock was visited by Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, after some weeks of solitary confinement, and Pethick-Lawrence wrote in \"Votes for Women\", that she found Woodlock smiling and at peace. Comparing Woodlock's demeanour to a lively women's gathering at an ice-rink, Pethick-Lawrence said that Woodlock was 'the heart of our Movement... the centre, the pivot upon which every part of it turns. Woodlock was visited and encouraged by Christabel Pankhurst. Support for Woodlock and outrage at her sentence locally in Liverpool, pushed"}, {"text": "the sales of \"Votes for Women\" up to 700 copies in one week. In support of Woodlock, Mary Phillips hid overnight under the Liverpool St. George's Hall stage where honorary degrees were to be awarded to two Cabinet Ministers the next day. Phillips jumped out and shouted 'Votes for Women' and an objection to Woodlock's imprisonment. This action was welcomed by Christabel Pankhurst as a 'splendid protest' showing ' pluck and ingenuity'. Elsie Howie, Jessie Kenney and Vera Wentworth, pursued the Prime Minister H. H. Asquith on holiday in Devon asking why he was able to be on holiday whilst Woodlock was still in prison, on a 'monstrous sentence'. The women chased him at the golf course and also decorated his Clovelly Court rhododendron bushes and garden with circular green, white and purple cards saying 'Release Patricia Woodlock' and various other suffragette materials. To mark Woodlock's eventual release, Christabel Pankhurst wrote an article for the 14 June 1909 WSPU newspaper \"'Votes for Women'\", showing Woodlock as a battleship dreadnought and saying she was'..one of those who are the great strength of the women's movement, for she is fearless, loyal and unselfish, ready to do the smallest or greatest service, as"}, {"text": "a speaker and above all as a fighter.'When the 'Liverpool Prisoners' were released there was a WSPU celebration, headed up by Emmeline Pankhurst at the Royal Albert Hall. Woodlock was praised over and over again in a speech by Pankhurst for having 'taken a place in the front line of fighting' and that she (Pankhurst) had been inspired by Woodlock's resolve in solitary confinement. Pankhurst had Woodlock beside her in an open carriage procession to and from the venue. Woodlock was given silver Holloway brooch, and a Hunger Strike Medal \"'for Valour\"', an illuminated scroll and was called a 'brave pioneer'. There was a further reception on the prisoners' return to Liverpool, led by Bertha Elam, a new WSPU member, who was said to be directly inspired to join the suffrage movement, by Woodlock. Emmeline Pankhurst travelled from London to attend that event with Woodlock and the WSPU fife and drum band who were playing to welcome the released women at a public celebration event. In September 1909, Woodlock was arrested again, for hurling roof slates at Prime Minister Asquith as he attended an all-male budget event in Birmingham. Woodlock, Evaline Hilda Burkitt, Mabel Capper, Mary Leigh, Charlotte (Charlie) Marsh,"}, {"text": "Laura Ainsworth and Ellen Barnswell were all singing protests loudly in transit and on arrival at prison, refusing to undress to wear prison clothes, and were demanding to be treated as 'political' prisoners in what was known as the 'First Division'. In November 1909, after release, Woodlock and Laura Ainsworth approached the prison doctor, Dr. Ernest Helby, in the street. He had force-fed Woodlock and others and the two women demanded the immediate release of fellow suffragette Charlie Marsh. Later that day Dr. Helby's windows were smashed, but no legal action was taken for the incident and Marsh was quietly released later. After the police aggression and brutal violence against the suffragette crowd in London in November 1910, known as 'Black Friday', Woodlock, was arrested with other protestors, who were all released without charge, and she no longer took part in further physical or militant protests. WSPU leadership. When Ada Flatman became the Liverpool WSPU paid organiser, she asked Woodlock to take responsibility for the stocking and setting up the new WSPU shop, whilst she was away. It proved a useful development with 50 new members one month and profits of \u00a3120 from sales during April\u2013November 1909. However, there were"}, {"text": "disagreements on priorities for branch activities such as street meetings for working women, or more 'At Homes' among the wealthier women, which were by invitation, but helped fundraising. Woodlock continued to speak at many suffrage events and was described as a brilliant speaker. She was chosen as one of the leaders addressing the crowds at the women's Hyde Park Rally in 1910. She took over as temporary organiser of the Liverpool WSPU branch, joined by Ada Broughton and Helah Criddle, after a downturn in WSPU activity and income, when the shop had closed and Alice Davies, current organiser was in prison. It was to reopen in 1912 under Helen Jollie's more successful approach to organising the fundraising campaign. A postcard of Woodlock signed 21 November 1910 was produced by WSPU headquarters. In 1910, Woodlock and Ada Flatman and Jennie Baines were main speakers at a Liverpool event for 'Jane Warton' \u2013 who was WSPU leader Lady Constance Lytton in disguise \u2013 her aim was to experience arrest, hunger strike and force-feeding (as an ordinary working woman). That event was attended by 300 men and women, who processed on to the Prison Governor's house to call for 'Liverpool to be the"}, {"text": "first 'to wipe out the stain' of force-feeding. On the night of the 1911 Census, Woodlock was at her family home at 46 Nicander Road, Setton Park in Liverpool, but was not 'absent' from the census list like others who protested this way, perhaps because her father completed it. In 1912, local suffragette and physician Alice Ker wrote to her two daughters encouraging them to go to Woodlock at the WSPU offices and to offer their help to the cause. Woodlock was imprisoned seven times and awarded a WSPU Hunger Strike Medal \"for Valour\". Like all suffragette prisoners, she was given amnesty by the Home Secretary at the outbreak of the First World War, when WSPU stood down its militancy actions. Later life. Woodlock was still living in Liverpool in 1930, but seems to have had no further involvement in leading women's rights movements, apart from maintaining a membership of the Liverpool branch of the United Suffragists, with Alice Ker and Isabel Buxton. Woodlock also joined the Votes for Women Fellowship, led by the Pethick-Lawrences, and subscribed to \"The Catholic Suffragist\" before and after the First World War began. Catholic Women's Suffragist Societies offered relief work and philosophical and feminist"}, {"text": "speakers as a social and educational twice-weekly club with entertainment and mutual support for women affected by the war, but there is no record of Woodlock addressing these groups. Woodlock died, aged 87, in Wandsworth, South London in 1961. Further information. In 1909, the WSPU rented a houseboat named in Woodlock's honour. The boat flew the suffragette colours of purple and green and was moored near the Henley Regatta course."}, {"text": "Ride Again is an extended play by British-American pop-rock group Shakespears Sister, released on 25 October 2019. The EP features three new songs along with new mixes of the two previously released tracks from \"Singles Party\" (2019), \"All the Queen's Horses\" and \"C U Next Tuesday\". Personnel. Credits for \"Ride Again\" adapted from liner notes."}, {"text": "The Sandalwood Fire was a wildfire that burned in the city of Calimesa in Riverside County, California. The fire started on October 10, 2019 in the afternoon, killing two people and destroying 74 structures. The fire, named after a street near where the fire started, ignited when a garbage truck dumped its smoldering load next to a canyon of dry scrub. Progression. Reported during a Santa Ana wind event that was anticipated for the area at around 1:58 pm Thursday, October 10, the Sandalwood fire broke out along Calimesa Boulevard and Sandalwood Drive immediately raced into nearby brush burning in a southwesterly direction due to the strong winds. Within the first hour of the fire, the conflagration was already heavily impacting the Villa Calimesa mobile home park where most of the damage from the fire would occur. The fire continued to spread rapidly as was reportedly over by 4 pm that afternoon and also threatening the nearby railway, power grid, and a second mobile home park in the area. Throughout the day, the fire would destroy most of the Villa Calimesa mobile home park and ultimately cause the death of two civilians in the area. Six air tankers and eight"}, {"text": "helicopters assisted in the firefighting operation."}, {"text": "Sofiya is feminine given name found in Slavic languages. It is also found in parts of Africa. It is a cognate of the Greek name Sophia. In Bulgarian it's a transliteration of , while in Russian it's a transliteration of or , and in Ukraininan of . Notable people with the name include:"}, {"text": "Brenda Louie (born 1953) is a Chinese-born American artist, known for her large, painterly abstractions and multimedia installations that explore a variety of subject matter, including migration, cultural hybridity, and Eastern philosophy. Louie has also been a longtime professor of studio art at California State University Sacramento, and has taught painting and drawing at California State University, Stanislaus, American River College, Sacramento, University of California, Davis, San Francisco Art Institute, and Stanford University. Early life. Louie was born in 1953, in a remote village in Guangdong province, China. She escaped the Great Chinese Famine when she was eight years old, traveling with her grandmother by foot to the southern coast, where they took a boat to Hong Kong in order to be reunited with her father, who had escaped the Maoist regime several years earlier. She later traveled to the United States in the 1970s to attend college, and settled in Northern California. Louie's artistic talents were nurtured when she was a child by her father, Chiu Sheung Lui, who was an artist, calligrapher, and musician. Chinese calligraphy in particular was essential to her later artistic development. Education. Louie initially graduated with a degree in economics from California State University,"}, {"text": "Sacramento (1982) but returned to the university several years later to study art, receiving a master's degree in painting and drawing in 1991. She went on to receive a MFA degree from Stanford University, where she trained with noted artist Nathan Oliveira. In addition to studio art, Louie studied Taoism at California State University, Sacramento and Chinese philosophy, specifically the writings of Mencius, with scholar Philip J. Ivanhoe while at Stanford University. Painting style. Much of Louie's work is autobiographical. Her own experiences of migration and a continuous cross-pollination of aesthetics and cultures are often expressed as layered forms, calligraphic gestures, mathematical or cartographic symbols, and/or collaged imagery. Universal issues such as life cycles, and death and mourning also figure into her work. Frequently working in series or large-scale installations, Louie seeks to create immersive experiences for the viewer. Artist and scholar Chris Daubert notes that \"Louie's paintings and installations embody and encompass these many strands of her cultural, familial, and personal histories. In several early works, the relationship between the personal calligraphic style of Huaisu and American abstract expressionist muscularity becomes apparent.\" In a 1993 exhibition review appearing in the visual arts magazine \"Art View\", critic Randal Davis describes"}, {"text": "the \"sheer visceral impact\" of Louie's formal elements and \"map making\" of the \"affective dimension\" of her \"intercultural experiences.\""}, {"text": "Constance Ward Harper was a Canadian author, primarily of poetry, and the originator of the Flag Day concept. Biography. Constance was one of nine children to Benjamin Ednam Ward and Constance Marquerite Master. Benjamin immigrated to the United States between the 1840s and 1850s, while his wife was American-born. The couple's first two boys were named George Washington Ward, and Benjamin Franklin Ward. In Hamilton, Harper raised $4,000 for war efforts. Harper moved to Vancouver, where her husband managed the local branch of the Bank of Hamilton, \"for some little time.\" Ward published a poetry collection in 1916, known as \"Patriotic and other poems\". It was \"a prettily printed little booklet, bearing on its cover the Belgian flag.\" It included the poem \"King Albert\", about Albert I of Belgium. At least 800 copies were sold at 25 cents each, as Harper donated $200 to the Queen Elizabeth Fund for the Orphan Children on Belgium. A \"Vancouver Daily World\" critic suggested that Ward \"must not confine her genius to war themes.\" \"The Moon-Man and the Fairies\" (1930), a book of children's poetry, was released with illustrations by North Shore artist Grace Judge. \"The Vancouver Sun\" owners The Sun Publishing Co. Ltd."}, {"text": "printed the title. A reviewer for \"The Province\" said parents \"should not miss\" the local title, deeming the poems \"strikingly original.\" They continued that \"there is no doubt that Mrs. Ward 'knows her children' to be enabled to write with such friendly intimacy of the things which little ones like to hear about. Animals, fairies and the wonders of the sea are all dealt with in the most interesting style, and the youngsters will get a great deal of fun out of its pages.\" In \"Canadian children's books, 1799-1939\", Sheila Egoff dismissed the book as \"the type of rhymed rubbish considered suitable for children at the time.\" Harper appears on the Orangeville District Secondary School Wall of Honour, for \"Entrepreneurial Spirit\", specifically citing her Flag Day efforts."}, {"text": "Barrenechea is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:"}, {"text": "The 2019 International Swimming League was the inaugural edition of the International Swimming League, a professional swimming league, established in 2019. It comprised eight teams composed of both women and men. The league consisted of seven short course swimming meets which took place in seven cities around the world. The budget for this first edition was $20 million. The France-based team Energy Standard won the inaugural ISL title in the Final Match hosted at Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas. Schedule. The schedule consists of six regular-season meets, followed by a Final Match in Las Vegas. At each meet four of the eight teams compete (two from American conference and two from European conference). Two of the meets are 'derby' meet, one for all four American teams and one for all four European teams. Events schedule. A total of 37 races were held in each match (the 4x50m mixed medley relay acted as a tie breaker)."}, {"text": "Canoe Lake 165A is an Indian reserve of the Canoe Lake Cree First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 30 miles southwest of \u00cele-\u00e0-la-Crosse."}, {"text": "The Saddleridge Fire was a wildfire burning near the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles County, California. It broke out roughly around 9:02 pm on Thursday October 10, 2019. It is still undetermined as to how it had started, but believed that the blaze had started beneath a high voltage transmission tower. Reporters and first responders began to assess the fire, the main location at the time of ignition was at the entrance of Interstate 210 and Yarnell Street. Residents were being evacuated, shop owners standing by in hopes their shops were still up, and many of the community helping with evacuating all animals from surrounding farms and ranches. The fire was fully extinguished on Thursday October 31, 2019, twenty days after first igniting. The fire burned and resulted in 8 injuries and 1 fatality. Progression. The Saddleridge fire broke out late in the evening hours of Thursday, October 10, at around 9:03 pm during a highly anticipated Santa Ana wind event scheduled to commence throughout that day. Igniting in Sylmar, off Interstate 210 and Yarnell Street, the blaze immediately began pushing predominantly west as it burned in all directions. Burning in a mixture of wild land and urban interface,"}, {"text": "firefighters were tasked initially with structure protection as the fire loomed to within its first hour. By early Friday morning, the high winds had blown embers half a mile (800 m) west of the main fireline, jumping Interstate 5, and triggered spot fires in the foothills above Porter Ranch where the fire continued to burn. During these initial hours, many likened the fire's footprint to that of the destructive Sayre and Sesnon fires in 2008. By that time, the fire was threatening thousands of structures throughout the Sylmar, Porter Ranch and Granada Hills communities as well as forcing the closure of both Interstate 210 and Interstate 5. Mandatory evacuations were put in place for the Oakridge Estates, which had previous been destroyed in the Sayre fire, as the conflagration ballooned to by 3 am. By sunrise on Friday, October 11, the fire was reportedly well over with an estimated 25 structures either damaged or destroyed. The fire had also reportedly lead to the death of a man in his late 50s when he went into cardiac arrest amid the fire. One firefighter was hospitalized with a minor eye injury while over 1,000 personnel were on scene battling the blaze by"}, {"text": "this point. Due to the Saddleridge fire's dramatic push towards the several highly populated communities within the San Fernando Valley, up to 23,000 homes were placed under mandatory evacuation, leaving over 100,000 residents displaced at the fire's peak. The Los Angeles Fire Department has determined that the fire began under a area under a high voltage transmission line, but they had not determined the cause as of October 28. 98% of the fire is contained. On October 18 at 7:00 a.m., the Los Angeles Fire Department released information regarding the fire and the efforts to contain it. The size of the fire had grown to a sizeable with 19 structures being destroyed and another 88 being damaged. Injuries included a man dying from cardiac arrest at a hospital, he was a resident of the area claimed by the fire. Out of the 1,047 personnel that was assigned to contain the fire, eight firefighters suffered non-life-threatening injuries while battling the flames. The containment has reached 97% according to the data provided by the Los Angeles Fire Department. See also. 2008 Sayre Fire 2025 Hurst Fire, fire that burned in roughly the same footprint."}, {"text": "Canoe Lake 165B is an Indian reserve of the Canoe Lake Cree First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 22 miles southwest of \u00cele-\u00e0-la-Crosse."}, {"text": "Carrot River 29A is an Indian reserve of the Red Earth Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 48 miles east of Nipawin. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 829 living in 127 of its 127 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 40 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "Carry the Kettle 76-1 is an Indian reserve of the Carry the Kettle Nakoda First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 21 kilometres north-east of Sintaluta. The reserve is located near the south-west end of Katepwa Lake."}, {"text": "Chicken 224 is an Indian reserve of the Black Lake Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 170 kilometres southeast of Uranium City. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 1379 living in 263 of its 280 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 42 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community. Etymology. The three Chicken reserves were named after a Chief Chicken, early leader of the Black Lake band."}, {"text": "The 2001 Australia Day Honours are appointments to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by Australian citizens. The list was announced on 26 January 2001 by the Governor General of Australia, Sir William Deane. The Australia Day Honours are the first of the two major annual honours lists, the first announced to coincide with Australia Day (26 January), with the other being the Queen's Birthday Honours, which are announced on the second Monday in June."}, {"text": "The 2020 Triglav osiguranje Radivoj Kora\u0107 Cup was the 18th season of the Serbian men's national basketball cup tournament. The tournament was held in Ni\u0161 between 13\u201316 February 2020. Partizan NIS successfully defended their title, winning third time in a row. Qualified teams. 1 League table position after 13 rounds played Draw. The draw was held in the Crowne Plaza hotel in Belgrade on 30 January 2019. Quarterfinals. \"All times are local UTC+1.\" Semifinals. \"All times are local UTC+1.\" Final. This is the fourth final game in a row between Crvena zvezda and Partizan, and the seventh final in the Radivoj Kora\u0107 Cup overall."}, {"text": "Chicken 225 is an Indian reserve of the Black Lake Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings. Etymology. The three Chicken reserves were named after a Chief Chicken, early leader of the Black Lake band."}, {"text": "Chicken 226 is an Indian reserve of the Black Lake Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan. Etymology. The three Chicken reserves were named after a Chief Chicken, early leader of the Black Lake band."}, {"text": "William Ernest Goodsir (12 January 1902 \u2013 14 July 1958) was a New Zealand-born businessman, politician and rugby coach in Fiji. Biography. Born in Taumarunui, Goodsir moved to Fiji in 1924. He worked in the timber industry, establishing the Nadarivatu Timber Company in 1949 and the Kandavu Timber Company in 1957. Taking an interest in politics, Goodsir was elected to Suva Council in 1952 and was appointed Deputy Mayor. He remained on the council until 1957. Goodsir had been an excellent rugby union player in his youth. In the 1950s he coached the Fiji national rugby union team, leading it on the 1954 tour of Australia. He died in Suva in July 1958."}, {"text": "Giovanni Camillo Maffei da Solofra () was an Italian doctor, philosopher, singer, and lutenist of the mid-16th century, in the middle Renaissance. He is best known for his writing on vocal pedagogy, and is the first person to include vocal physiology into a theory of teaching singing. Life and career. Between 1562 and 1573 he lived in Naples, where he served Giovanni di Capua, count of Altavilla and music lover. In his philosophy he was Aristotelian. He wrote a treatise on vocal music, \"Lettera sul canto\", in which he sets forth rules for the singing of diminutions. The letter is included in the two volumes of his \"Lettere\" (Napoli, 1562) also cited as \"Discorso delta voce e del modo d'apparare di cantar di garganta\", and \"Scala naturale, overo Fantasia dolcissima, intorno alle cose occulte e desiderate nella filosofia\" (Venice, 1564), dedicated to the Count of Altavilla, where it runs on various points of natural history, physics, meteorology, geology and chemistry. Maffei's treatise on singing is important because it is the first known instance where a writer utilized knowledge of vocal physiology in a theory of vocal pedagogy. His work is considered valuable to historically informed performance of vocal music of"}, {"text": "the Italian Renaissance because of its discussion of improvisation practices of the period. Nothing else in known about Maffei's life, including his place and date of birth and death."}, {"text": "My Point of View is a studio album by American jazz saxophonist and flautist, Najee. This album was released through Heads Up International in 2005. Jonathan Widran of AllMusic writes that \"it's a good bet that this very likeable set will once again bring Najee to the forefront of the genre.\" Woodrow Wilkins of All About Jazz states in his review that \"Najee delivers a pleasant collection of danceable and romantic grooves.\" Critical reception. Jonathan Widran of \"AllMusic\" writes, \"Even with all the new sax players that have arisen on the scene since his albums were routinely selling gold, it's a good bet that this very likeable set will once again bring Najee to the forefront of the genre.\" Woodrow Wilkins of \"All About Jazz\" says in his review, \"Najee delivers a pleasant collection of danceable and romantic grooves.\" and concludes with \"If you're not bothered by synthesized drums, you'll love this album. If, on the other hand, programming turns you off, you might want to skip it. My Point of View is nice, but it would have been much better if the artist had expressed himself free from the corporate forces that favor synths over instruments.\" \"Smooth Jazz Therapy\"'s"}, {"text": "review says, \"\"My Point Of View\" is smooth jazz very much in the mid tempo laid back style that Najee has made his own. It\u2019s a collection for grown ups that is controlled, never off the chain but always soulful sensuous and moving. The ten-track set exudes quality throughout and features a number of notable collaborations especially those in which Chris 'Mad Dog' Davies plays a part.\" Track listing. All track information and credits were taken from the CD liner notes."}, {"text": "The Midwest Rugby Premiership is a rugby union competition in the United States that serves mainly as the Division I league for the Midwest Conference (National Competitive Region 1), but also includes two teams from the Frontier Conference (American Competitive Region 3). The winner progresses to the national Division I playoffs. Format. Ten teams are divided into east and west divisions, with each team playing every other team in their group twice (home and away). The season runs from August through November, with the two division winners playing in the final the following May."}, {"text": "Louverture Films is an American independent film and television production company founded in 2005 by Danny Glover and Joslyn Barnes. The company is known for producing \"Bamako\" (2006), \"Salt of this Sea\" (2008), \"Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives\" (2010), \"The House I Live In\" (2012), \"Strong Island\" (2017), \"Capernaum\" (2018), \"Hale County This Morning, This Evening\" (2018), \"Prayers for the Stolen\" (2021), and \"Nickel Boys\" (2024). History. In 2005, Danny Glover and Joslyn Barnes co-founded the company, named after Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture, with a focus on producing films worldwide. Susan Rockefeller, Tony Tabatznik, Sawsan Asfari and Jeffrey Lewis Clark serve as principal partners. Maya E. Rudolph serves as vice president of non-fiction. In January 2022, it was announced Louverture would additionally produce animation, games, and television projects. In June 2024, it was announced Glover would step down as CEO, with Melony Lewis and Adam Lewis joining as principal partners."}, {"text": "William Beeton may refer to:"}, {"text": "Giovanni Maffei may refer to:"}, {"text": "Helen M. Byrne is a mathematician based at the University of Oxford. She is Professor of Mathematical Biology in the university's Mathematical Institute and a Professorial Fellow in Mathematics at Keble College. Her work involves developing mathematical models to describe biomedical systems including tumours. She was awarded the 2019 Society for Mathematical Biology Leah Edelstein-Keshet Prize for exceptional scientific achievements and for mentoring other scientists and was appointed a Fellow of the Society in 2021. Early life and education. Byrne attended Manchester High School for Girls. Eventually she studied mathematics at Newnham College, Cambridge, where she became interested in the applications of mathematics to real-world problems. She moved to Wadham College, Oxford for her graduate studies, where she earned a master's degree in Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis. She remained at Oxford for her doctoral degree in applied mathematics. She was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow at the cyclotron unit at Hammersmith Hospital. There, she started working in mathematical and theoretical biology. The biomedical questions she worked on included fitting mathematical models to positron emission tomography scans to evaluate oxygen and glucose transport and consumption within solid tumours. After hearing Mark Chaplain talk about tumours at a conference she realised"}, {"text": "she could use her mathematical skills to study tumour growth. Research and career. Byrne worked with Mark Chaplain at the University of Bath from 1993. She joined the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology as a lecturer in 1996. In 1998 Byrne joined the University of Nottingham, where she was promoted to Professor of Applied Mathematics in 2003. She was involved with the development of the Nottingham Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, which she directed from 1999 to 2011. She joined the faculty at the University of Oxford in 2011 where she was made Professor of Mathematical Biology based in the Mathematical Institute. Her research has considered mathematical models to describe biological tissue. She has explored how oxygen levels impact biological function, developing complex models that can describe disease progression. She was part of a team who demonstrated that cell cannibalism is involved in the development of inflammatory diseases. Byrne was appointed Director of Equality and Diversity in the Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences (MPLS) Division from 2016 to 2020. In 2018 she was awarded the Society for Mathematical Biology Leah Edelstein-Keshet Prize, being appointed a fellow of the society in 2021. Byrne is co-director of the"}, {"text": "University of Liverpool 3D BioNet (an interdisciplinary network looking at how cells grow in three dimensions) and was on the management group of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Cyclops Healthcare Network which ran from 2016 to 2019. She is a member of the IBS Biomedical Mathematics Group. Personal life. Whilst a graduate student at Oxford, she competed for OUWLRC in the Henley Boat Races in 1990 and 1991, earning a half blue each time."}, {"text": "Nancy Sheppard (born December 29, 1929) is a ProRodeo Hall of Fame trick rider and trick roper who was inducted in 2003. Life. Nancy Sheppard was born on December 29, 1929, on a ranch in Fort Worth, Texas. Sheppard was descended from a pioneer family in ranching, who often attended the rodeo with her father as a child. Her father was a professional roper, who was a member of the Cowboys' Turtle Association (now known as the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA). As a child, Sheppard's mother had shown horses in the Fort Worth Coliseum. Sheppard made her first rodeo appearance at the Hayward, California, rodeo as a trick rider and roper at 9 years old. She performed at the Pendleton Round-Up in Pendleton, Oregon when she was 11 years old. She was trick riding at Madison Square Garden in New York City when she was 17 years old. Sheppard married Lynn Sheppard in 1948, and they had one son. Career. Sheppard performed professionally for 22 years at rodeos all around the country. She worked for many well-known stock contractors, such as Harry Knight, Christensen Brothers, Leo Cremer, and Everett Colburn. In her time, she was the only woman who"}, {"text": "could stand on a running horse while spinning two ropes. Traveling around the country enabled her to do charity work on the side. She would visit local hospitals where she could entertain patients, particularly children. In the 1950s, she filled the position of contract acts representation to the Rodeo Cowboys Association (the name of the organization after the Cowboy Turtles' Association but prior to the PRCA). Sheppard performed at the majority of the major rodeos around the country. She began her career in 1939. In 1961, she retired from performing, in order to devote more time to ranching and family. After her retirement, she made special appearances performing trick roping in the Macy's Thanksgiving Parade as well as for clothing designer Giorgio Armani in Italy. For these roles, she always took them seriously, carrying her ropes and attired in her full Western garb."}, {"text": "The Chad\u2013Nigeria border is 85 km (53 mi) in length and consists of a single diagonal line running NW to SE from the tripoint with Niger in the north to the tripoint with Cameroon in the south. Description. This short boundary consists of a single straight line connecting Chad and Nigeria's tripoints with Niger and Cameroon. The entire boundary formerly lay entirely in Lake Chad, however given the dramatic decrease in the lake's size over the past several decades most of the boundary now run across land, swamp and intermittent exposed islands in the lake. History. The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa. The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward. As a result of this France gained control of the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger), and also the lands explored by Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza for France in Central Africa (roughly equivalent to modern Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville)."}, {"text": "Meanwhile, Britain, which had (via the Royal Niger Company) administered the area around Lagos since 1861 and the Oil River Protectorate (Calabar are the surrounding area) since 1884, would have priority in the areas south of the upper Niger region. From their respective bases both nations gradually extended their rule into the interior. The French eventually linked their holdings following expeditions in April 1900 which met at Kouss\u00e9ri in the far north of modern Cameroon. These newly conquered regions were initially ruled as military territories, with the two areas later organised into the federal colonies of French West Africa (\"Afrique occidentale fran\u00e7aise\", abbreviated AOF) and French Equatorial Africa (\"Afrique \u00e9quatoriale fran\u00e7aise\", AEF). The British likewise extended their rule inward from their Lagos and Calabar bases, forming two additional colonies - the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. In 1900 rule of these areas was transferred to the British government, with the Northern and Southern (including Lagos and Calabar) protectorates united as the colony of Nigeria in 1914. The modern Chad\u2013Nigeria border arose largely as a secondary result of other border negotiations in the region: Anglo-German agreement s in 1893 and 1906-07 agreed that the border between Britain's Nigerian"}, {"text": "colonies and German Cameroon would extend into Lake Chad; Anglo-French agreements in 1898, 1904, 1906 and 1910 extended the AOF-Northern Nigeria border into the lake; and a Franco-German border treaty of 1908 extended the AEF-Cameroon border into the lake. After the two tripoints were delimited more definitely (Chad-Niger-Nigeria in 1910-12 and Chad-Cameroon-Nigeria in 1931) the border became fixed as a straight line connecting these two points. France gradually granted more political rights and representation for the constituent territories of their two African federations, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to each colony in 1958 within the framework of the French Community. Eventually, Chad gained full independence in August 1960, with Nigeria likewise declaring independence in October 1960, and thus their mutual frontier became an international one between two independent states. At a conference of the Lake Chad Basin states held in N'Djamena in December 1962 it was agreed to respect the existing boundaries within the lake. Since then the lake has decreased dramatically in size, and much if not all of the Chad\u2013Nigeria border now runs over land, creating problems with border management and demarcation. In 1983 disputes between Chad and Nigeria over their mutual border escalated into"}, {"text": "fighting, after Nigeria sent troops to the area citing harassment of Nigerian fishers by Chadian elements, resulting in the deaths of 75 Chadian and nine Nigerian soldiers. In more recent years many thousands of refugees have crossed the border due to the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency in north-eastern Nigeria."}, {"text": "Sonotrella is a genus of crickets in the subfamily Podoscirtinae and tribe Podoscirtini. Species have been recorded in: southern China, Indo-China and west Malesia. Species. \"Sonotrella\" includes the following species:"}, {"text": "The Chief Joseph Custer Reserve is an Indian reserve of the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is located in the city of Prince Albert, making it an urban reserve."}, {"text": "The Hausdorff medal is a mathematical prize awarded every two years by the European Set Theory Society. The award recognises the work considered to have had the most impact within set theory among all articles published in the previous five years. The award is named after the German mathematician Felix Hausdorff (1868\u20131942)."}, {"text": "Wang Ya Nan (29 October 1984) is a Chinese former professional boxer who competed from 2006 to 2009. During her career, from which she retired an undefeated world champion, she held the WIBA middleweight title from 2007 to 2009 and the WBC female middleweight title from 2008 to 2009. Professional career. In January 2008, Wang became the first Chinese fighter to win the WBC middleweight female world title, defeating Janaya Davis by unanimous decision after 10 rounds. On her first title defense, Wang defeated American boxer Akondaye Fountain. Wang won the bout, held on 7 November 2008 at the Sichuan Gymnasium in Chengdu, China. Wang retired as undefeated middleweight champion after defeating Kenian Charity Mukami in a fight held in Malvern. Wang resides in Melbourne, Australia."}, {"text": "Fishing Lake 89 is an Indian reserve of the Fishing Lake First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is north of Fort Qu'Appelle. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 406 living in 128 of its 161 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 54 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "Fishing Lake 89A is an Indian reserve of the Fishing Lake First Nation in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is Section 13 and the south-east portion of Section 14, Township 33, Range 12, west of the Second Meridian. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings."}, {"text": "Sabitawasis Beach 89 C-1 is an Indian reserve of the Fishing Lake First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is on the northern shore of Fishing Lake."}, {"text": "In Her Time (foaled 9 September 2012) is a multiple Group 1 winning Australian thoroughbred racehorse. Background. At the 2014 Inglis Classic yearling sale, In Her Time had a reserve price of A$ 40,000, however this was not met. Racing career. In Her Time initially started her racing career under Newcastle trainer Ben Smith. In 2017 the mare was ridden by Zac Purton to win the Group 1 Galaxy at Royal Randwick Racecourse. In September 2018 trainer Ben Smith was stood down from training due to elevated cobalt levels being found in two horses, giving false evidence and refusing to give evidence to stewards. Fellow Newcastle trainer Kris Lees became the mare's new trainer and the horse was successful in winning her second Group 1 race the 2019 Black Caviar Lightning at Flemington Racecourse, ridden by Corey Brown. In Her Time raced a further seven times without success, however she did run placings in the Group 1 VRC Sprint Classic behind Nature Strip and a narrow defeat in the Hawkesbury Crown at her final start. Breeding career. After retiring from racing, In Her Time was sold to Newgate Stud Farm for A$2,200,000. In Her Time gave birth to her first"}, {"text": "foal in 2021, a colt by stallion I Am Invincible."}, {"text": "Fishing Lake 89D1 is an Indian reserve of the Fishing Lake First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Chief Philip Morin 232 is an Indian reserve of the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is located inside the city of Prince Albert, making it an urban reserve."}, {"text": "Chitek Lake 191 is an Indian reserve of the Pelican Lake First Nation in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is located on the southern shore of Chitek Lake about south-east of Meadow Lake. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 821 living in 164 of its 300 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 46 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "Cinda A. Hallman (1944\u20132007) became noteworthy for her work in Y2K prior to coining the phrase \"outsource the outsourcing process;\" both of these were at Du Pont, prior to her nomination to The Research Board. Biography. Arkansas-born Hallman began her career at Conoco in 1966 where she was hired as a systems analyst directly after graduating from Southern Arkansas University. Du Pont. Conoco was acquired by Du Pont in 1981. In 1988 Hallman moved to the parent company, and advanced to CIO in 1992. By 1999 she held a senior vice president title, the company's first female vice president . Spherion. Hallman joined Spherion in 2001 as Chief Executive Officer, retiring in 2004. She died December 2007, at age 63, of an illness. She had been a member of Spherion's board of directors since early 1995. Hallman replaced Raymond Marcy as Chief Executive Officer in 2001, a role that Marcy had held for over a decade, during which time Spherion acquired a rival, Norrell Corp. Spherion's prior name was Interim Services. Outsourcing. Hallman made a mark in the area of major multi-billion dollar outsourcing. Board memberships. Among the boards of directors on which she served were \"Toys \"R\" Us, Catalyst,"}, {"text": "United Way of America and Christiana Care Health Systems.\" Legacy. Beyond having pioneered in what later became known as midsourcing (and receiving various awards), Hallman's \"alma mater\" wrote about serving as \"an inspiration for young women as she met the challenges of corporate leadership and succeeded at the highest levels.\" Personal. Five\u2013foot\u2013six Cinda Hallman is \"the elder ... (to) fraternal .. twin sister Linda.\" Their father died in an accident when they were age 15."}, {"text": "Churchill Lake 193A is an Indian reserve of the Birch Narrows Dene Nation in Saskatchewan. It is north-west of \u00cele-\u00e0-la-Crosse on the northern shore of Churchill Lake."}, {"text": "Clearwater River Dene Band 221 is an Indian reserve of the Clearwater River Dene Nation in Saskatchewan. It is east of La Loche."}, {"text": "Clearwater River Dene Band 222 is an Indian reserve of the Clearwater River Dene Nation in Saskatchewan. It is south-west of La Loche. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 822 living in 188 of its 218 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 49 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "Clearwater River Dene Band 223 is an Indian reserve of the Clearwater River Dene Nation in Saskatchewan. It is north-west of Buffalo Narrows on the shores of Taylor Lake. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 35 living in 10 of its 11 total private dwellings."}, {"text": "William Francis Burke Jr. (March 9, 1955 September 11, 2001) was a Fire Captain with the Fire Department of New York, who was killed in the September 11 attacks. Burke died when he chose to stay with stranded civilians in the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Burke was the only member of Engine 21 who died in the attacks. Life and career. William Francis Burke Jr. was born in New York City on March 9, 1955 to William Francis Burke Sr. and Agnes Burke. The second of six children, Burke grew up in Plainview, New York. He attended Plainview-Old Bethpage High School, where he was an all-county swimmer. Inspired by his father, who worked as Deputy Fire Chief for the New York City Fire Department, Billy served as a firefighter for two decades prior to the September 11 attacks. Burke also worked a side job as a lifeguard at Robert Moses State Park; he worked for 26 years as a lifeguard. Burke resided in Stuyvesant Town in Manhattan. Outside of work, Burke had multiple hobbies and interests. Burke was an avid photographer and wrote short stories in his spare time. Burke was fascinated in the American Civil War."}, {"text": "Burke's sister, Dr. Elizabeth Berry, remarked that he had enough knowledge of the war to give tours of the Gettysburg Battlefield. Death. Burke and his company, Engine 21, responded to American Airlines Flight 11 striking the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Burke and numerous other firefighters gathered in the lobby of the North Tower were captured on camera by filmmaker Jules Naudet. Inside the North Tower, fellow Fire Captain had been with Burke at 9:59a.m. as the neighboring South Tower collapsed. After feeling the collapse, they agreed that this meant the collapse of the North Tower was imminent. Fire Lieutenant Gregg Hansson and Burke came to an agreement that Hansson would lead Engine 21 down Stairwell C while Burke stayed behind on the 27th floor to assist Ed Beyea, a quadriplegic in a wheelchair, and his friend Abraham Zelmanowitz, who had chosen to stay with him. All three men died when the North Tower collapsed at 10:28 am. Fire Lieutenant Gregg Hansson met Burke for the first time the morning of the attack, and was the last surviving person to see Burke. He believed Burke knew the building's collapse was inevitable and knew he was sacrificing his own"}, {"text": "life. Beyea and Zelmanowitz's remains were located together, but Burke's remains were never found. His funeral mass was held at St. Patrick's Cathedral on October 25, 2001. Legacy. Burke's brother Michael organized an annual climb of One World Trade Center, the replacement for the World Trade Center towers, in memory of Burke and his colleagues. The January 17, 2002 episode of the NBC sitcom \"Friends\", \"The One Where Chandler Takes a Bath\", depicts character Joey Tribbiani wearing a shirt with \"Engine 21\" and Burke's name written on it as a tribute during the opening scene. On July 27, 2002, a stone monument with a plaque honoring Burke was unveiled at Robert Moses State Park Field 3, where he had worked as a lifeguard. In 2004, the portion of East 40th Street between Second and Third avenues in Manhattan (adjacent to Engine 21) was designated as \"Captain William F. Burke Jr. FDNY Street.\""}, {"text": "Peep Show is a 1956 short film directed by Ken Russell. It was Russell's first movie. He called it \"a Fellini-esque bit of fun made by me, my first wife and two friends\"."}, {"text": "Triton is malware first discovered at a Saudi Arabian petrochemical plant in 2017. It can disable safety instrumented systems, which can then contribute to a plant disaster. In December 2017, it was reported that the safety systems of an unidentified power station, believed to be in Saudi Arabia, were compromised when the Triconex industrial safety technology made by Schneider Electric SE was targeted in what is believed to have been a state sponsored attack. The computer security company Symantec claimed that the malware, known as \"Triton\", exploited a vulnerability in computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system. In 2018, FireEye, a company that researches cyber-security, reported that the malware most likely came from the Central Scientific Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics (CNIIHM), a research entity in Russia. It was reported by Wired that Triton's attacks were registered in North America, China, and Russia."}, {"text": "Dani\u00ebl Sarel 'Darius' Botha (26 June 1955 \u2013 12 February 2018) was a South African rugby union player. Playing career. Botha played for the Northern Transvaal under\u201320 side in 1974 to 1975 and made his debut for the Northern Transvaal senior side in 1976. He and his younger brother Naas, played for Northern Transvaal in five Currie Cup finals from 1977 to 1981. In four of those five years, 1977, 1978, 1980 and 1981 Northern Transvaal won the Currie Cup and in 1979 they shared it with Western Province. Botha played in only one test match for the Springboks, being the first test on the 1981 tour to New Zealand at Lancaster Park, Christchurch. He also played in seven tour matches for the Springboks, scoring three tries. Death. Botha was first diagnosed with stomach cancer in 2014. After an operation the cancer went into remission, but unfortunately in November 2017, the cancer returned and Botha died on 12 February 2018."}, {"text": "Hardman Farm State Historic Site is a Georgia state historic site near Helen, Georgia. The historic site includes an 1870 Italianate mansion and a gazebo-topped Native American burial mound. Other structures include a kitchen, horse barn, dairy barn, and spring house. Capt. James Nichols built the main house in 1870 and the gazebo atop Nacoochee Mound in 1890. His daughter Anna Ruby Nichols is the namesake of Anna Ruby Falls. In 1893 the home was purchased by Calvin Hunnicutt, a businessman from Atlanta. Lamartine Griffin Hardman purchased the property in 1903. The property remained in the Hardman family, and was donated to the state of Georgia in 1999."}, {"text": "Cote 64 is an Indian reserve of the Cote First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is west of the Manitoba border. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 748 living in 220 of its 269 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 51 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "The Chobe Regional Football Association Division One League, also known as the CHORFA Division One, is one of the regional leagues that make up the third tier of Botswana football. It is administered by the Chobe Regional Football Association and features teams from Chobe region."}, {"text": "The European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) are two main treaty-based Western organisations for cooperation between member states, both headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. Their natures are different and they operate in different spheres: NATO is a purely intergovernmental organisation functioning as a military alliance, which serves to implement article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty on collective territorial defence. The EU on the other hand is a partly supranational and partly intergovernmental \"sui generis\" entity akin to a confederation that entails wider economic and political integration. Unlike NATO, the EU pursues a foreign policy in its own right\u2014based on consensus, and member states have equipped it with tools in the field of defence and crisis management; the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) structure. The memberships of the EU and NATO are distinct, and some EU member states are traditionally neutral on defence issues. The EU and NATO have respectively 27 and 32 member states, of which 23 are members of both. Another four NATO members are EU applicants\u2014Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Turkey\u2014and another one, the United Kingdom, is a former EU member. Iceland and Norway have opted to remain outside of the EU, but"}, {"text": "do participate in the European Single Market as part of their European Economic Area (EEA) membership. Four non-NATO states are members of the EU: Austria, Cyprus, Ireland, and Malta. Several EU and NATO member states were formerly members of the Warsaw Pact. The EU has its own mutual defence clause in Articles 42(7) and 222 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), respectively. The CSDP command and control structure is however much smaller than the NATO Command Structure (NCS), and the extent to which the CSDP should evolve to form a full defence arm for the EU that is able to implement the EU mutual defence clause in its own right is a point of contention. The United Kingdom (UK) had objected to this, when it was still an EU member state. At the UK's insistence in the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Lisbon, Article 42.2 of TEU specified that NATO shall be the main forum for the implementation of collective self-defence for EU member states that are also NATO members. The 2002 Berlin Plus agreement and 2018 Joint Declaration provide for cooperation between the EU and NATO,"}, {"text": "including that NCS resources may be used for the conduct of the EU's CSDP missions. History. 1948\u20131951: Common origins, where NATO cannibalises intra-European initiatives. The Western Union, established to implement the 1948 Treaty of Brussels signed by Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom, represents a precursor to both NATO and the EU's defence arm, the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). 1954: Failure to establish an autonomous European pillar in NATO. Had its founding treaty not failed to acquire ratification in the French Parliament in 1954, the European Defence Community would have entailed a pan-European military, divided into national components, and had a common budget, common arms, centralized military procurement, and institutions. The EDC would have had an integral link to NATO, forming an autonomous European pillar in the Atlantic alliance. 1996\u2013present: Tensions and mutual interests as EU gains autonomous defence structures. Following the establishment of the ESDI and the St. Malo declaration, US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright were among others who voiced concern that an independent European security pillar could undermine NATO, as she put forth the three famous D's: Present cooperation. The Berlin Plus agreement enables EU operations to be planned and conducted at"}, {"text": "the military strategic and operational level with recourse to assets and capabilities in the NATO Command Structure (NCS). In such an event, an Operational Headquarters (OHQ) would be set up within NATO's Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Mons, Belgium. SHAPE is the main headquarters of Allied Command Operations (ACO). When the NCS provides the OHQ, the Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe (DSACEUR) acts as Operation Commander (OpCdr). The Berlin Plus agreement requires that the use of NATO assets by the EU is subject to a \"right of first refusal\", i.e. NATO must first decline to intervene in a given crisis, and contingent on unanimous approval among NATO states, including those outside of the EU. For example, Turkish reservations about Operation Concordia using NATO assets delayed its deployment by more than five months. The European External Action Service's (EEAS) Military Staff (EUMS), situated in the Kortenberg building in Brussels, has a permanent NATO liaison team and runs a permanent EU cell at NATO's Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Mons. Comparison. Command structures. The CSDP entails collective self-defence amongst member states. This responsibility is based on Article 42.7 of TEU, which states that this responsibility does not prejudice"}, {"text": "the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain member states, referring to policies of neutrality. See Neutral country\u00a7European Union for discussion on this subject. According to the \"If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States.\" Article 42.2 furthermore specifies that NATO shall be the main forum for the implementation of collective self-defence for EU member states that are also NATO members. The EU does not have a permanent military command structure. However it has been agreed that North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military structures may be used for the conduct of the EU's CSDP missions under the Berlin Plus agreement. The Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC), established in 2017 and to be strengthened in 2020, does however represent the EU's first step in developing a permanent military OHQ. In parallel, the newly established European Defence Fund (EDF) marks the first time the EU"}, {"text": "budget is used to finance multinational defence projects. NATO. NATO's command structure, under the North Atlantic Council and the NATO Military Committee, is split into Allied Command Operations, responsible for all military operations, and Allied Command Transformation responsible for capability development. Membership. The memberships of the EU and NATO are distinct. The EU and NATO have respectively 27 and 32 member states, of which 23 states are members of both. The four EU member states which are not members of NATO (Austria, Cyprus, Ireland and Malta) held positions of neutrality during the Cold War, which they have since maintained. However, all but Cyprus are members of NATO's Partnership for Peace. Cyprus is the only EU member state that is neither a full member of NATO nor participates in the Partnership for Peace. Any treaty concerning Cyprus' participation in NATO would likely be blocked by Turkey because of the Cyprus dispute. The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine reignited debate surrounding NATO membership in several countries, with Finland and Sweden both joining NATO after decades of neutrality. Of the 32 NATO member states, 30 are European states. The 7 European states which are NATO members, but not EU members, include four states"}, {"text": "that have applied for EU membership (Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Turkey), as well as the United Kingdom which is a former EU member. The two others \u2014 Iceland and Norway \u2014 have opted to remain outside of the EU, however participate in the EU's single market. Several EU member states were formerly members of the NATO rival Warsaw Pact."}, {"text": "General elections were held in the Cook Islands on 13 October 1958, the first under universal suffrage. Background. Following the recommendations of the 1955 Belshaw-Stace Report, the 23-member Legislative Council was replaced by a 27-member Legislative Assembly. Of the 27 members, 15 were directly elected; 14 from ten general constituencies and one from a European voter constituency. Seven members were indirectly elected by Island Councils (four from Rarotonga and one from Aitutaki, Atiu and Mangaia). The remaining five members were officials, including the Resident Commissioner as President of the Assembly, the Administration Secretary, the Treasurer and two members appointed by the Resident Commissioner. Campaign. A total of 65 candidates contested the directly elected seats, including former Legislative Council member Willie Watson, who ran under the name Viri Vokotini in one of the general constituencies. Frank Bateson and former Chief Judge Alfred McCarthy contested the European seat."}, {"text": "Cowessess 73 is an Indian reserve of the Cowessess First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is north-west of Broadview. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 540 living in 190 of its 214 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 63 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community. In June 2021, anomalies in the earth suspected of containing the remains of 751 children were found at the former Marieval Indian residential school in Marieval, part of the Canadian Indian residential school system, the most found in Canada to date."}, {"text": "Asmaa Abulyazeid () is an Egyptian actress and singer. Abulyazeid drew attention in 2017 through her performance of the character Toka in the TV series \"This Evening,\" participated in many series and films, and also participated in the band \"Bahgaga.\" and presented several monologues in several concerts. She is known for her leading role as Farah in MBC4 American satirical romantic dramedy series \"\" (2019-2022), Arabic adaptation of The CW satirical romantic dramedy series \"Jane the Virgin\" (2014\u20132019), for which she received a Golden Globe Award in 2020. Early life. Asma Abulyazeid was born in Cairo, Egypt. Her father is from Cairo and her mother is from Sharqia in Egypt. Asmaa liked acting from a very young age, but she could not do acting in her school because of the lack of school theater, but she finally got a chance to perform at college from the first year,in the Atelier Theater. In the \"Theater Atelier\" she trained under the hands of director Shadi Daly, and participated in a large number of solo performances, the latest of which was the \"Magic Mix of Happiness\", which competed in the Arab Theater Festival for the \"Sheikh Sultan Al Qasimi Award\" for the best"}, {"text": "Arab theatrical show for 2016. Her first theatrical performance was a presentation of the team in her first semester at the college, under the title \"Life is Beautiful in Fine Arts\", and in the second semester of the same year, she participated in \"Antar Stable\", directed by the artist Bayoumi Fouad, to \"Atelier\" The stage\". In 2014, she participated in the series \"I Loved\" by Maryam Al Ahmadi, but it was a small role consisting of several scenes. She was nominated by producer Ahmed Medhat Sadeq, directed by Tamer Mohsen, to perform the role of Toka in \"This Evening\", and after passing all the tests which led to the role, she was cast as Toka. She began filming the role with a sense of fear to stand for the first time in front of the cameras in a role of this size, especially for the confidence placed in the director, who always told her not to feel the role in order to excel.she loved the role of Taqa because of the qualities of kindness, hospitality and sensitivity.but they were different and much stronger than they really are. Abulyazeid went through the experience as a director by directing the play \"Melodrama\","}, {"text": "in 2013, as \"Habhan\", as well as assisting the director Shadi Daly in the play \"Dream Plastic\" in which she then played a role, and \"Made in China\", and The Revolution of the Dead. While predominantly doing acting, Abulyazeid has done singing as well. This became known when she performed in Raghm El Masafa (Regardless of Distance) with Masaar Egbary in 2020. However, she had been singing long before that. She was part of the girl band Bahgaga, a women's musical band that presents comedy monologues with oriental tunes. They were established in 2015 and are known for mixing singing with performing. Abulyazeid was one of the five leading singers of the band and she performed with them in several concerts. While she has now left the band to pursuit her acting career, she remains an honorary member of the popular band. On February 27, 2019, \"Entertainment Weekly\" announced that Rodriguez would play the titular role of Farah in \"\", for which she went on to win a Golden Globe Award."}, {"text": "UPAEP may refer to:"}, {"text": "Cowessess 73A is an Indian reserve of the Cowessess First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 31 kilometres west of Esterhazy."}, {"text": "Cree Lake 192G is an Indian reserve of the English River First Nation in Saskatchewan on the south-west corner of Cree Lake adjacent to Cable Bay 192M Indian reserve."}, {"text": "Cumberland 100A is an Indian reserve of the James Smith Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is south-east of Prince Albert. The 2016 Canadian Census, recorded a population of 317 living in 79 of its 82 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 50 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "Alice Washburn (1860\u20131929) was an American stage and film actress. She worked at the Edison, Vitagraph and Kalem studios. A historic aspect of her time in films has her appearing in some of the Edison sound shorts of 1913. Some have been preserved and demonstrated in recent years such as \"Jack's Joke\" where Washburn speaks. Her final film Snow White was her only known feature film. She died of heart attack in November 1929."}, {"text": "Cumberland House Cree Nation 20 is an Indian reserve of the Cumberland House Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. The reserve is on Cumberland Island in the Saskatchewan River Delta, about south-west of Flin Flon. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 795 living in 232 of its 235 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 51 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "Moy House may refer to:"}, {"text": "Day Star 87 is an Indian reserve of the Day Star First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is north-west of Fort Qu'Appelle. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 148 living in 42 of its 62 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 65 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "Dipper Rapids 192C is an Indian reserve of the English River First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Eagles Lake 165C is an Indian reserve of the Canoe Lake Cree First Nation in Saskatchewan. It consists of all that portion of Township 59, Range 14, west of the Third Meridian. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 92 living in 29 of its 32 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 72 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "WBRL was a radio station that broadcast on 1400 AM in Berlin, New Hampshire. Under two separate license incarnations from 1962 to 1979 and again from 1980 to 1990, the station served the Berlin area. The last owner of WBRL was Metrocomco, Inc. History. First license. WBRL went on the air August 8, 1962, with 250 watts on 1400 kHz. The construction permit had originally been held by William Rust; however, Rust was required to divest an AM station in order to complete the purchase of an AM-FM combo in Rochester, New York. This prompted competing Berlin station WMOU to accuse Rust of trafficking in station licenses; Rust emphasized the sale made him no profit and said WMOU had no standing to contest the sale. With the transfer of Good Radio, Inc., to four new principals approved by the Federal Communications Commission on July 25, the station was clear to sign on. In 1966, Chester Steadman, owner of WCNL in Newport, New Hampshire, acquired WBRL for $58,000. Steadman sold WBRL for $44,000 in 1971 to Berlin Communications, controlled by Richard and Roberta Blais, who owned a cable system. The station joined the American Information Network from ABC Radio immediately after"}, {"text": "the sale. Another improvement, this time technical, came in 1972 when WBRL was approved to increase its daytime power from 250 to 1,000 watts. On April 23, 1975, the Federal Communications Commission in separate proceedings designated the license of WBRL (and, on the same day, those of WMOU and WXLQ FM in Berlin) for hearing, saying the proceeding was necessary to determine if the station had engaged in fraudulent double billing practices. A year after the hearing, on September 2, 1976, administrative law judge Byron E. Harrison denied the renewal application, noting that WBRL continued to double-bill \"based on private business judgment\" even when it knew the practice was illegal, saying that the public interest would not be served by a renewal. Two months before, the FCC had denied the WMOU/WXLQ renewal on the same grounds\u2014which would have left Berlin without any local radio stations. Owner Blais announced plans to appeal the initial decision, saying that it was \"very, very difficult\" to be part of a three-station market in a town of 15,000. In December 1977, the WBRL case moved from the administrative law judge to the FCC itself as the commission heard oral argument in the station's appeal. In"}, {"text": "May 1978, the FCC in a 6\u20130 decision upheld the law judge's findings and the denial of the renewal application, saying that WBRL's scheme had run for more than three years and enabled retailers to overcharge manufacturers more than $22,000; while Blais had known of the issues since buying the station, general manager Robert T. Dale, who had also been involved in the double billing at WMOU/WXLQ, had said that stopping the practice would cause the station to lose advertisers, and Blais did not protest again until the FCC began investigating in 1974. The FCC also said Blais would have been responsible even if he did not know of the billing before 1974. That October, Berlin Communications was denied reconsideration of the FCC decision; in 1979, a federal appeals court upheld the denial, forcing the top 40 outlet to cease broadcasting. Second license. On February 15, 1980, McLaughlin Broadcasting Company, Inc., filed an application for a new radio station in Berlin to use WBRL's facilities. The FCC granted the application on May 23, 1980, and a new WBRL was on the air by June 20, 1980. Under McLaughlin, the station broadcast a middle-of-the-road music format, and Roberta Blais served as"}, {"text": "the program manager. McLaughlin sold WBRL in 1982 to Friendly Broadcasting Corporation for $125,000. That sale never consummated, and McLaughlin sold the station for $185,000 in 1983 to Metrocomco, Inc. Late in the 1980s, WBRL entered financial difficulties, and its assets were put up for auction on May 21, 1990. By 1992, WBRL was silent, and the FCC designated its license renewal for hearing in 1993, leading to its deletion."}, {"text": "English River 192H is an Indian reserve of the English River First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is an island in Porter Lake."}, {"text": "Flatstone Lake 192L is an Indian reserve of the English River First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Tanka torani ( \"ta\u1e45ka tor\u0101\u1e47i\") is a drink made from one-day-old cooked rice known as \"anna\" which is a part of Mahaprasada offered to Lord Jagannatha. It is available round the year in Ananda Bajara and is specially relished during summer. Recipe. Tanka Toraa\u1e47i is made using the following ingredients: Take one-day-old cooked rice along with the rice water. The rice is mashed and water and curd is added to it till the consistency is that of a drink. All the spices are then added and mixed thoroughly. The mixture is then kept for 2\u20133 hours and then served cold. It is traditionally made in earthen pots so that it remains cool."}, {"text": "Flying Dust 105 is an Indian reserve of the Flying Dust First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is less than a kilometre north-west of Meadow Lake. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 577 living in 169 of its 187 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 63 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "Flying Dust 105D is an Indian reserve of the Flying Dust First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Flying Dust 105E is an Indian reserve of the Flying Dust First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "The 2020 Washington Justice season was the second season of Washington Justice's existence in the Overwatch League. The Justice planned to host a league-high five homestand weekends in the 2020 season; the first three would take place at The Anthem, while the second two would be at the Entertainment and Sports Arena. While the first two homestands at took place, all other homestand events were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On June 5, the Justice parted ways with head coach Seetoh \"JohnGalt\" Jian Qing. On June 17, Washington promoted assistant coach Han \"Sup7eme\" Seung-jun to head coach. After finishing the regular season with a 4\u201317 record, the Justice swept both the Vancouver Titans and Dallas Fuel in the North America play-in tournament to qualify to the season playoffs. In their first match in the North America bracket, Washington squandered an early 2\u20130 lead over the San Francisco Shock and lost by a score of 2\u20133, sending them to the lower bracket. The following day, on September 6, the Justice swept the third-seeded Paris Eternal, 3\u20130. Washington continued their playoff run, taking down the fourth-seeded Florida Mayhem on September 11 and needing one more win to qualify for the Grand"}, {"text": "Finals Bracket. However, the team fell to the top-seeded Philadelphia Fusion the following day by a score of 0\u20133, ending their playoff run. Preceding offseason. Organizational changes. In late September 2019, the Justice parted ways with their entire coaching staff from their inaugural season, including head coach Kim \"WizardHyeong\" Hyeong-seok. The team signed Seetoh \"JohnGalt\" Jian Qing, who was an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Gladiators, as their new head coach in October. Washington added two more coaches to their staff on November 8, with the hiring of former Hangzhou Spark assistant coach Han \"Sup7eme\" Seung-jun as a development coach and former XL2 Academy coach Lee \"Wiz\" Hae-joon as a strategic coach. A month later, on December 5, the Justice signed former Houston Outlaws support player Chris \"Bani\" Banell as an assistant coach. Roster changes. The Justice enter the new season with six free agents, two players which they have the option to retain for another year, and three players under contract. The OWL's deadline to exercise a team option is November 11, after which any players not retained will become a free agent. Free agency officially began on October 7. Acquisitions. The Justice's first offseason acquisition was on"}, {"text": "October 18, when they agreed to acquire main tank Gye \"rOar\" Chang-hoon from the Los Angeles Gladiators, pending approval from the league. The team made their first signing on October 23 in flex DPS Lee \"TTuba\" Ho-sung. On November 7, Washington signed former Boston Uprising flex support Kwon \"AimGod\" Min-seok. Departures. On October 7, the Justice announced that they would not re-sign free agents main tank Song \"Janus\" Joon-hwa, off-tank Kim \"SanSam\" Hyang-gi, DPS Chon \"Ado\" Gi-Hyeon, and support Jo \"Hyeonu\" Hyeon-woo. Days later, they announced that they would not re-sign support Nikola \"Sleepy\" Andrews, and they would not exercise their option to retain flex support Mun \"Gido\" Gi-do. Roster. Transactions. Transactions of/for players on the roster during the 2020 regular season:"}, {"text": "Flying Dust 105F is an Indian reserve of the Flying Dust First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Rocky Branch is a long 1st order tributary to Reedy Fork in Guilford County, North Carolina. Course. Rocky Branch rises on the Candy Creek divide about 1 mile southeast of Monticello, North Carolina in Guilford County. Rocky Branch then flows south to meet Reedy Fork about 4 miles southeast of Monticello. Watershed. Rocky Branch drains of area, receives about 46.0 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 404.65 and is about 51% forested."}, {"text": "Flying Dust 105H is an Indian reserve of the Flying Dust First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "The Ch\u00e9catica River () is a salmon river in the C\u00f4te-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It empties into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Location. The Ch\u00e9catica River is about long, and runs from north to south. In some sections it widens into lakes, including Lake Ch\u00e9catica. It enters Jacques-Cartier Bay on the Saint Lawrence about west of Blanc-Sablon. The bay is a waterbody with an irregular outline, containing many points, inlets and islands. Ch\u00e9catica Island is at the entrance to the bay. Along the coast to the west, near one of the inlets, there is a small hamlet named Shekatika. The mouth of the Ch\u00e9catica River is in the municipality of Saint-Augustin in Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality. Name. The Innu call the river Netshikatikau Hipis or Netsheskatakau Shipis. According to Father Georges Lemoine the name comes from \"shikatikau\" and means \"there are bushes beside the water\". Variants include Ouescatacou and Ouescatacouau. On his first voyage in 1534 Jacques Cartier went by shallop to Ch\u00e9catica, which he called Port de Jacques-Cartier. He found indigenous people in quite large numbers. Basin. The river basin covers . It lies between the basins of the Coxipi River to the west and the Napetipi"}, {"text": "River to the east. It is partly in the unorganized territory of Petit-M\u00e9catina and partly in the municipality of Saint-Augustin. A map of the ecological regions of Quebec shows the river in sub-regions 6o-T, 6n-T and 6m-T of the east spruce/moss subdomain. In 2002 the northern part of the river, to the east of Lake Tooker, was in territory that was seriously affected by hemlock looper moths (\"Lambdina fiscellaria\"). The river is recognized as an Atlantic salmon river. There are also brook trout in the river."}, {"text": "Flying Dust 105I is an Indian reserve of the Flying Dust First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Flying Dust 105L is an Indian reserve of the Flying Dust First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Flying Dust 105O is an Indian reserve of the Flying Dust First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Lam Sali (, ) is a four-way intersection in Hua Mak subdistrict, Bang Kapi district, Bangkok. It is also the name of the surrounding area. It is an intersection of Ramkhamhaeng and Srinagarindra roads, not far from The Mall Bang Kapi. Its name is distorted from the word \"Lam Ta Samli\" (\u0e25\u0e33\u0e15\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e25\u0e35; lit: the old Samli's track, or Mr. Samli's track). Since in the olden days, this area was a countryside that was full of waterways, such as Khlong Saen Saep canal and rice fields with grove woods, known as \"Thung Bang Kapi\" (\u0e17\u0e38\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e34; Bang Kapi Field), and was a Muslim settlement. There was an old man named \"To Kili\" (\u0e42\u0e15\u0e4a\u0e30\u0e01\u0e35\u0e25\u0e35) or \"Ta Samli\" (\u0e15\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e25\u0e35) whose job was to raise buffalos for the locals. He often drove a herd of buffalo to eat grass at front of the Yamee-Unmuttageen Mosque in present day. Long days, the fields were so smooth that it became a path, hence the name \"Lam Ta Samli\" and finally became a \"Lam Sali\". The Lam Sali intersection had extreme traffic jams beginning December 7, 2018, when the Lam Sali overpass (only inbound side) was closed for one year due to the construction of the MRT Orange"}, {"text": "Line."}, {"text": "The 2019\u201320 Wyoming Cowboys basketball team represented the University of Wyoming during the 2019\u201320 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by Allen Edwards in his fourth and final year as head coach at Wyoming. The Cowboys played their home games at the Arena-Auditorium in Laramie, Wyoming as members of the Mountain West Conference. They finished the season 9\u201324, 2\u201316 in Mountain West play to finish in last place. As the 11 seed, they upset Colorado State and Nevada to reach the semifinals of the Mountain West tournament where they lost to Utah State. They became the first ever 11 seed to win a game at the Mountain West tournament. On March 9, 2020, head coach Allen Edwards was fired. He finished at Wyoming with a four-year record of 60\u201376. Previous season. The Cowboys finished the 2018\u201319 season 8\u201324, 4\u201314 in Mountain West play to finish in tenth place. They lost to New Mexico in the first round of the Mountain West tournament. They did not compete in a post-season tournament. Offseason. Media Day. The Mountain West Men's Basketball Media Day was held at Green Valley Ranch in Henderson, Nevada on October 15, 2019. Wyoming was picked to"}, {"text": "finish 10th in the conference, ahead of only San Jose State. No Wyoming players were selected to the preseason All-Conference team. Schedule and results. !colspan=9 style=| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=| Regular season !colspan=9 style=| Mountain West tournament Source"}, {"text": "The MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal 2019 is an event in the 2019 World Surf League Men's and Women's Championship Tour. This year's event marks the return of the women's competition to Peniche after 8 years without it. Brazilian surfer, Italo Ferreira was the men's winner becoming the first ever back-to-back winner as he won the event in 2018. He also ascended to the top spot of the Men's Championship Tour leaderboard surpassing the previous yellow jersey carrier, the world champion Gabriel Medina. American surfer, Caroline Marks won the women's event and her second Championship Tour trophy of the year. The 17-year-old surfer defeated world number two, Lakey Peterson in the final. Background. The 11th edition of the event will be hosted in Peniche, Portugal from 16 to 28 October at the Supertubos beach in Peniche, Leiria, Portugal. Italo Ferreira, from Brazil, is the defending champion as he won the competition in 2018. Format. A new competition format was introduced for the 2019 Championship Tour. All 36 surfers take part in the Seeding Round. The top two surfers in each heat advance directly to the Round of 32, while the lowest-placed surfer in each heat enters the Elimination Round. In"}, {"text": "each of the four heats in the Elimination Round, the top two surfers advance to the Round of 32, while the lowest-placed surfer is eliminated from the competition. From the Round of 32 onwards, the competition follows a single elimination format, with the winner of each head-to-head heat advancing to the next round and the loser being eliminated."}, {"text": "Ludvig Lorentz Mozart Waagepetersen (22 October 1813 \u2013 25 February 1885) was a Danish wine merchant. He is now mainly remembered for founding the Rosenv\u00e6nget quarter of \u00d8sterbro in Copenhagen. Early life and education. Mozart Waagepetersen was born in Copenhagen on 22 October 1813, the son of wine merchant Christian Waagepetersen and Albertine Emmerentse Schmidt (13 October 1793 \u2013 15 November 1864). He was educated in his father's wine company. Career. Waagepetersen continued the family's wine company upon his father's death in 1840. The company was based in the Waagepetersen House at Store Strandstr\u00e6de 18, He ceded the company to A. H. Beeken, H. F. Eegholm and F. N. L\u00f8vstr\u00f8m in 1870 but Eegholm and L\u00f8vstr\u00f8m left the company again in 1880 and 1885. The company was at some point moved to new premises at Store Kongensgade 79. Personal life. Mozart Waagepetersen married Charlotte Caroline Mathilde Schram. She was a daughter of director of the Widow's Pension Fund (Enkekassen) Gerhard Christopher Schram (1776-1847) and Anna Johanne Christiane J\u00f8rgensen (1802). Mozart and Mathilde Waagepetersen had no children but adopted the illegitimate son of Alce Tutein, the daughter of landowner and politician Peter Adolph Tutein, who had become pregnant with painter Johannes"}, {"text": "M\u00fcller. M\u00fcller was painting a miniature portrait of Alice Tutein as a gift to her fianc\u00e9, Alexander Brun. The boy was given the name Gaston Waagepetersen. Rosendal and the Rosenv\u00e6nget Quarter. Waagepetersen bought the country house Rosendal in \u00d8sterbro from Friederich Tutein's heirs in 1857. Waagepetersen sold the land of the Rosendal estate off in lots for redevelopment with single-family detached homes. The buyers were mostly businessmen, well-to-do master craftsmen and high-ranking officers and civil servants but also cultural figures such as the painters P.C. Skovgaard and Wilhelm Marstrand, the composer Emil Hartmann and the actress Johanne Luise Heiberg. . The land was sold in the period 1857\u20131873. Waagepetersen used Rosendal as a summer retreat until his death, The building was demolished in 1890 and replaced by an apartment building."}, {"text": "Katie Branch is a long 1st order tributary to Reedy Fork in Guilford County, North Carolina. Course. Katie Branch rises on the Rocky Branch divide about 2 mile southeast of Monticello, North Carolina in Guilford County. Katie Branch then flows south to meet Reedy Fork about 5 miles southeast of Monticello. Watershed. Katie Branch drains of area, receives about 46.0 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 419.08 and is about 41% forested."}, {"text": "Robert Lucian Scarlett (born 23 May 1943) is a former Jamaican cricketer who played four first-class matches for Jamaica in the 1963-64 season. A slow left-arm orthodox spin bowler and lower-order batsman, Bob Scarlett's best figures were 5 for 95 against Barbados in his third match. Scarlett's elder brother Reg played Test cricket for West Indies in the 1959-60 season."}, {"text": "Fond du Lac 227 is an Indian reserve of the Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is at the east end of Lake Athabasca. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 903 living in 206 of its 231 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 52 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community."}, {"text": "List of the largest banks in North America by total assets . Information from 2023 S&P Global Market Intelligence, and all of the largest banks on the continent are based in two countries - the United States and Canada."}, {"text": "Fond du Lac 228 is an Indian reserve of the Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Fond du Lac 229 is an Indian reserve of the Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Fond du Lac 231 is an Indian reserve of the Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Fond du Lac 232 is an Indian reserve of the Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Fond du Lac 233 is an Indian reserve of the Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation in Saskatchewan."}, {"text": "Four Portages 157C is an Indian reserve of the Lac La Ronge Indian Band in Saskatchewan. It is about north-east of La Ronge, and on the north shore of Lac la Ronge."}]