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"""
Task 4: Volume - Generate volume comparison questions
This task joins multiple audio sources with different volume levels
and asks questions about the loudest or softest sound.
"""
import csv
import random
import math
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Optional
import sys
sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
from utils import (
AudioProcessor, ESC50Dataset, QuestionGenerator, LLMQuestionGenerator,
setup_logger, set_random_seed, calculate_num_samples_for_task,
generate_single_clip_duration, get_max_clip_num_to_be_joined,
build_clip_sequence_with_silences, generate_sample_durations_for_task,
get_lufs_loudness, normalize_to_lufs
)
class VolumeTaskGenerator:
"""Generator for volume comparison task dataset."""
def __init__(self, config: Dict, logger):
"""
Initialize volume task generator.
Args:
config: Configuration dictionary
logger: Logger instance
"""
self.config = config
self.logger = logger
self.task_config = config['tasks']['volume']
# Initialize components
self.dataset = ESC50Dataset(
config['esc50']['metadata_path'],
config['esc50']['audio_path'],
config # Pass config for class subset loading
)
self.audio_processor = AudioProcessor(
crossfade_duration=config['audio']['crossfade_duration'],
silence_duration=config['audio']['silence_duration'],
with_silence=config['audio']['with_silence'],
normalize=config['audio']['normalize'],
normalize_target_dBFS=config['audio']['normalize_target_dBFS'],
synthetic_silence_path=config['synthetic_silence']['path']
)
self.question_generator = QuestionGenerator(
num_options=config['mcq']['num_options'],
option_labels=config['mcq']['option_labels'],
distractor_strategy=config['mcq']['distractor_strategy']
)
# Initialize LLM question generator
self.llm_enabled = config.get('llm', {}).get('enabled', False)
self.llm_generator = LLMQuestionGenerator(
enabled=self.llm_enabled,
template_questions=self.task_config
)
# Duration settings from config
self.min_clip_duration = config['audio']['min_clip_duration']
self.max_clip_duration = config['audio']['max_clip_duration']
# Duration of individual source clips (ESC-50 default is 5s)
self.source_clip_duration = config['audio'].get('source_clip_duration', 5.0)
self.min_silence_ms = config['audio'].get('min_silence_duration', 100)
self.max_extra_silence_per_gap_ms = config['audio'].get('max_extra_silence_per_gap', 500)
self.crossfade_ms = config['audio'].get('crossfade_duration', 0)
self.task_duration_hours = self.task_config['task_duration_size']
# Volume task specific settings
self.normalize_to_baseline = self.task_config.get('normalize_to_baseline', True)
self.baseline_dBFS = self.task_config.get('baseline_dBFS', -20.0)
self.use_same_clip_different_volumes = self.task_config.get('use_same_clip_different_volumes', False)
self.repetitions_per_source = self.task_config.get('repetitions_per_source', [2, 3, 4])
if isinstance(self.repetitions_per_source, int):
self.repetitions_per_source = [self.repetitions_per_source]
# Volume gap multipliers (similar to duration task)
self.multiplier_max_loudness = self.task_config.get('multiplier_max_loudness', 1.5)
self.multiplier_min_loudness = self.task_config.get('multiplier_min_loudness', 0.5)
self.reject_if_gap_not_met = self.task_config.get('reject_if_gap_not_met', True)
# LUFS vs dBFS loudness measurement option
# LUFS (Loudness Units Full Scale) measures PERCEIVED loudness
# dBFS measures RMS amplitude - does NOT account for frequency sensitivity
# LUFS is recommended for comparing different sound types
self.use_lufs = self.task_config.get('use_lufs', True)
self.baseline_lufs = self.task_config.get('baseline_lufs', -23.0) # EBU R128 standard
# Set up output paths
self.output_base = Path(config['output']['base_path']) / 'volume'
self.output_base.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
self.audio_output = self.output_base / 'audios'
self.audio_output.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
# Create balanced sampling pool for num_clips
self.clips_count_pool = []
def _normalize_to_baseline(self, audio: "AudioSegment") -> "AudioSegment":
"""
Normalize audio to the baseline loudness level.
Uses LUFS (perceived loudness) if use_lufs=True, otherwise dBFS.
This ensures all clips start from the same perceived loudness before
applying volume adjustments.
Args:
audio: Input audio segment
Returns:
Normalized audio segment
"""
if not self.normalize_to_baseline:
return audio
if self.use_lufs:
# Use LUFS-based normalization (perceived loudness)
normalized = normalize_to_lufs(audio, self.baseline_lufs)
self.logger.debug(
f"Normalized to baseline LUFS: {get_lufs_loudness(audio):.2f} -> {get_lufs_loudness(normalized):.2f} LUFS"
)
return normalized
else:
# Use dBFS normalization (RMS amplitude)
change_in_dBFS = self.baseline_dBFS - audio.dBFS
normalized = audio.apply_gain(change_in_dBFS)
self.logger.debug(
f"Normalized to baseline dBFS: {audio.dBFS:.2f} -> {normalized.dBFS:.2f} dBFS"
)
return normalized
def _get_amplitude_loudness(self, audio: "AudioSegment") -> float:
"""
Get the loudness of an audio clip.
Uses LUFS (perceived loudness) if use_lufs=True, otherwise dBFS.
Args:
audio: Input audio segment
Returns:
Loudness in LUFS or dBFS depending on configuration
"""
if self.use_lufs:
return get_lufs_loudness(audio)
else:
return audio.dBFS
def _verify_loudness_gap(
self,
volume_levels: List[float],
question_type: str
) -> Tuple[bool, int, Dict]:
"""
Verify that loudness gap constraint is satisfied.
For MAX_LOUDNESS: max_volume >= second_max × multiplier_max
For MIN_LOUDNESS: min_volume <= second_min × multiplier_min
Since we work with dB (logarithmic), the gap is in dB difference:
- For max: max_dB - second_max_dB >= required_gap_dB
- For min: second_min_dB - min_dB >= required_gap_dB
The multiplier translates to dB: 1.5x linear = ~3.5dB, 2x = ~6dB
Args:
volume_levels: List of volume adjustments in dB
question_type: "max_loudness" or "min_loudness"
Returns:
Tuple of (gap_satisfied, answer_idx, metadata)
"""
import math
sorted_levels = sorted(volume_levels, reverse=True) # Highest first
if question_type == "max_loudness":
max_level = sorted_levels[0]
second_max = sorted_levels[1] if len(sorted_levels) > 1 else sorted_levels[0]
# Convert multiplier to dB difference
# multiplier 1.5 means 1.5x louder in amplitude = 20*log10(1.5) ≈ 3.5 dB
required_gap_dB = 20 * math.log10(self.multiplier_max_loudness)
actual_gap_dB = max_level - second_max
gap_satisfied = actual_gap_dB >= required_gap_dB
answer_idx = volume_levels.index(max_level)
metadata = {
'max_level_dB': max_level,
'second_max_dB': second_max,
'required_gap_dB': required_gap_dB,
'actual_gap_dB': actual_gap_dB,
'multiplier': self.multiplier_max_loudness
}
else: # min_loudness
min_level = sorted_levels[-1]
second_min = sorted_levels[-2] if len(sorted_levels) > 1 else sorted_levels[-1]
# For min, we want min to be multiplier times softer
# multiplier 0.5 means 0.5x amplitude = 20*log10(0.5) ≈ -6 dB
# So second_min - min_level should be >= 6 dB
required_gap_dB = abs(20 * math.log10(self.multiplier_min_loudness))
actual_gap_dB = second_min - min_level
gap_satisfied = actual_gap_dB >= required_gap_dB
answer_idx = volume_levels.index(min_level)
metadata = {
'min_level_dB': min_level,
'second_min_dB': second_min,
'required_gap_dB': required_gap_dB,
'actual_gap_dB': actual_gap_dB,
'multiplier': self.multiplier_min_loudness
}
return gap_satisfied, answer_idx, metadata
def generate_volume_levels(self, n_clips: int, question_type: str = None) -> List[float]:
"""
Generate volume levels dynamically based on multiplier constraints.
The levels are generated to ensure proper gap for the question type:
- For max_loudness: the loudest is clearly distinguishable (gap = multiplier_max)
- For min_loudness: the softest is clearly distinguishable (gap = multiplier_min)
Args:
n_clips: Number of clips
question_type: "max_loudness" or "min_loudness" to ensure proper gap
Returns:
List of volume adjustments in dB (integers)
"""
# Base spacing between adjacent volume levels (minimum audible difference)
# 6 dB = 2x amplitude, 12 dB = 4x amplitude (clearly distinguishable)
min_diff = 12 # 12 dB is a VERY noticeable difference (4x perceived loudness)
# Calculate required gap based on multiplier (round up to nearest int)
if question_type == "max_loudness":
required_gap = int(math.ceil(20 * math.log10(self.multiplier_max_loudness)))
elif question_type == "min_loudness":
required_gap = int(math.ceil(abs(20 * math.log10(self.multiplier_min_loudness))))
else:
required_gap = min_diff
# Ensure gap is at least min_diff
required_gap = max(required_gap, min_diff)
if question_type == "max_loudness":
# Generate levels where max has clear gap from others
# Max level (answer) at a high value - MUCH louder
max_level = 18 # dB adjustment = ~8x louder than baseline
# Other levels should be at least required_gap below max
# Spread them out with min_diff spacing
other_levels = []
current_level = max_level - required_gap
for i in range(n_clips - 1):
other_levels.append(current_level)
current_level -= min_diff
selected_levels = other_levels + [max_level]
elif question_type == "min_loudness":
# Generate levels where min has clear gap from others
# Min level (answer) at a low value - MUCH quieter
min_level = -24 # dB adjustment = ~1/16th of baseline volume
# Other levels should be at least required_gap above min
# Spread them out with min_diff spacing
other_levels = []
current_level = min_level + required_gap
for i in range(n_clips - 1):
other_levels.append(current_level)
current_level += min_diff
selected_levels = [min_level] + other_levels
else:
# Default: evenly spaced levels centered around 0
total_range = (n_clips - 1) * min_diff
start_level = -total_range // 2
selected_levels = [start_level + i * min_diff for i in range(n_clips)]
# Shuffle to randomize order in the audio
random.shuffle(selected_levels)
return selected_levels
def generate_sample(self, sample_id: int, target_question_type: str = None, target_duration_seconds: float = None) -> Dict:
"""
Generate a single volume task sample.
Pipeline:
1. Pick dataset -> pick class -> pick audio clip
2. NORMALIZE all clips to baseline dBFS (critical for controlled comparison)
3. Apply different volume adjustments to each clip
4. Concatenate clips with silences
Optionally: use same clip with different volume levels if configured.
Args:
sample_id: Sample ID number
target_question_type: Target question type for balanced distribution
target_duration_seconds: Pre-generated target duration (from generate_sample_durations_for_task)
Returns:
Dictionary with sample metadata
"""
# Use pre-generated duration or generate one (backward compatibility)
if target_duration_seconds is not None:
clip_duration_seconds = target_duration_seconds
else:
clip_duration_seconds = generate_single_clip_duration(
self.min_clip_duration,
self.max_clip_duration
)
# Calculate how many clips we need using the new helper
max_clips, remainder_seconds = get_max_clip_num_to_be_joined(
clip_duration_seconds,
self.source_clip_duration,
self.min_silence_ms
)
max_clips_per_sample = self.task_config.get('max_clips_per_sample', 10)
# Silence reduction strategy: subsample from [max(2, max_clips-3), min(max_clips, max_clips_per_sample)]
# This ensures we use close to max_clips that fit, reducing excessive silence
# Calculate valid range for this sample's duration
min_clips_for_sample = max(2, max_clips - 3) # At least 2, preferably max_clips-3
max_clips_for_sample = min(max_clips, max_clips_per_sample, len(self.dataset.CATEGORIES))
# Validate range
if max_clips_for_sample < 2:
raise ValueError(
f"Sample {sample_id}: Cannot generate volume task - need at least 2 clips. "
f"max_clips={max_clips}, max_clips_per_sample={max_clips_per_sample}, "
f"duration={clip_duration_seconds:.1f}s. Increase min_clip_duration."
)
if min_clips_for_sample > max_clips_for_sample:
raise ValueError(
f"Sample {sample_id}: Invalid clip range - min_clips ({min_clips_for_sample}) > max_clips ({max_clips_for_sample}). "
f"max_clips={max_clips}, max_clips_per_sample={max_clips_per_sample}, duration={clip_duration_seconds:.1f}s"
)
# Randomly select from valid range (NO balanced pool for volume task)
n_clips = random.randint(min_clips_for_sample, max_clips_for_sample)
n_clips = max(2, n_clips) # Ensure at least 2 for volume comparison
# Pre-select question type to determine answer position
# Use target question type if provided, otherwise randomly select
if target_question_type is not None:
question_type = target_question_type
else:
question_type = random.choice(self.task_config['question_types'])
# Generate volume levels and verify gap constraint
max_attempts = 10
gap_satisfied = False
volume_levels = None
gap_metadata = None
for attempt in range(max_attempts):
volume_levels = self.generate_volume_levels(n_clips, question_type)
gap_satisfied, answer_idx, gap_metadata = self._verify_loudness_gap(
volume_levels, question_type
)
if gap_satisfied:
break
self.logger.debug(
f"Sample {sample_id} attempt {attempt+1}: gap not satisfied, "
f"required={gap_metadata['required_gap_dB']:.1f}dB, "
f"actual={gap_metadata['actual_gap_dB']:.1f}dB"
)
if not gap_satisfied and self.reject_if_gap_not_met:
self.logger.warning(
f"Sample {sample_id} rejected: loudness gap not satisfied after {max_attempts} attempts"
)
return None
# Determine answer position based on question type
if question_type == 'max_loudness':
answer_idx = volume_levels.index(max(volume_levels))
else: # min_loudness
answer_idx = volume_levels.index(min(volume_levels))
# Select answer category from least-used categories
answer_category = self.dataset.get_least_used_categories(1)[0]
# Determine if using same clip with different volumes
if self.use_same_clip_different_volumes:
# Use ONE source clip repeated at different volume levels
selected_categories = [answer_category] * n_clips
# Track usage
self.dataset.category_usage_counts[answer_category] += 1
correct_category = answer_category
else:
# Use different source clips (original behavior)
# Sample remaining categories, ensuring balanced distribution
if n_clips <= len(self.dataset.CATEGORIES):
other_categories = self.dataset.get_least_used_categories(
n_clips - 1,
exclude=[answer_category]
)
else:
# Need more clips than unique categories
other_categories = self.dataset.get_least_used_categories(
min(n_clips - 1, len(self.dataset.CATEGORIES) - 1),
exclude=[answer_category]
)
# Add random repetitions if needed
while len(other_categories) < n_clips - 1:
other_categories.append(random.choice(self.dataset.CATEGORIES))
# Arrange categories with answer at correct position
selected_categories = []
other_idx = 0
for i in range(n_clips):
if i == answer_idx:
selected_categories.append(answer_category)
else:
selected_categories.append(other_categories[other_idx])
other_idx += 1
# Track usage of answer category
self.dataset.category_usage_counts[answer_category] += 1
# CRITICAL BUG FIX: Verify answer_category is actually at answer_idx
if selected_categories[answer_idx] != answer_category:
self.logger.error(f"Sample {sample_id}: Answer mismatch! Expected {answer_category} at index {answer_idx}, got {selected_categories[answer_idx]}")
correct_category = selected_categories[answer_idx]
else:
correct_category = answer_category
# Sample files and process audio
audio_segments = []
filenames_list = []
original_loudness = []
final_loudness = []
if self.use_same_clip_different_volumes:
# Load one file and repeat it with different volumes
filename, filepath = self.dataset.sample_file_from_category(answer_category)
base_audio = self.audio_processor.load_audio(filepath)
original_loudness_val = self._get_amplitude_loudness(base_audio)
# Normalize to baseline first
base_audio_normalized = self._normalize_to_baseline(base_audio)
for i in range(n_clips):
# Apply volume adjustment to normalized audio
audio_adjusted = self.audio_processor.adjust_volume(
base_audio_normalized,
volume_levels[i]
)
audio_segments.append(audio_adjusted)
filenames_list.append(filename)
original_loudness.append(original_loudness_val)
final_loudness.append(self._get_amplitude_loudness(audio_adjusted))
else:
# Use different files (original behavior but with normalization)
for i, category in enumerate(selected_categories):
filename, filepath = self.dataset.sample_file_from_category(category)
audio = self.audio_processor.load_audio(filepath)
# Record original loudness
orig_loud = self._get_amplitude_loudness(audio)
original_loudness.append(orig_loud)
# STEP 1: Normalize to baseline dBFS
audio_normalized = self._normalize_to_baseline(audio)
# STEP 2: Apply volume adjustment (relative to baseline)
audio_adjusted = self.audio_processor.adjust_volume(
audio_normalized,
volume_levels[i]
)
audio_segments.append(audio_adjusted)
filenames_list.append(filename)
final_loudness.append(self._get_amplitude_loudness(audio_adjusted))
# Build final audio with guaranteed silences between clips
output_audio_path = self.audio_output / f"{sample_id}.wav"
final_audio = build_clip_sequence_with_silences(
audio_segments,
clip_duration_seconds,
min_silence_ms=self.min_silence_ms,
max_extra_silence_per_gap_ms=self.max_extra_silence_per_gap_ms,
crossfade_ms=self.crossfade_ms
)
# Save the audio
final_audio.export(str(output_audio_path), format="wav")
# Generate MCQ
mcq_question = self.task_config['mcq_questions'][question_type]
mcq_data = self.question_generator.generate_category_mcq(
mcq_question,
correct_category,
selected_categories,
self.dataset.CATEGORIES
)
# Generate open-text question
open_text_question = self.task_config['open_text_questions'][question_type]
open_text_data = self.question_generator.generate_category_open_text(
open_text_question,
correct_category
)
# Create category to volume mapping
category_volumes = {
selected_categories[i]: volume_levels[i]
for i in range(n_clips)
}
# Create metadata
metadata = {
'id': sample_id,
'audio_path': str(output_audio_path.relative_to(self.output_base.parent)),
'n_clips': n_clips,
'question_type': question_type,
'audio_sequence': selected_categories,
'volume_levels_db': volume_levels,
'category_volumes': category_volumes,
'correct_answer_category': correct_category,
'correct_volume_db': volume_levels[answer_idx],
'source_files': filenames_list,
'use_same_clip': self.use_same_clip_different_volumes,
'baseline_dBFS': self.baseline_dBFS if self.normalize_to_baseline else None,
'original_loudness_dBFS': original_loudness,
'final_loudness_dBFS': final_loudness,
'gap_satisfied': gap_satisfied,
'gap_metadata': gap_metadata,
'mcq_question': mcq_data['question'],
'mcq_options': mcq_data['options'],
'mcq_correct_answer': mcq_data['correct_answer'],
'open_text_question': open_text_data['question'],
'open_text_answer': open_text_data['correct_answer']
}
self.logger.info(
f"Generated volume sample {sample_id}: {question_type}, {n_clips} clips, "
f"volumes={volume_levels}, gap_satisfied={gap_satisfied}, "
f"gap={gap_metadata['actual_gap_dB']:.1f}dB (required={gap_metadata['required_gap_dB']:.1f}dB)"
)
return metadata
def generate_dataset(self) -> tuple:
"""
Generate the complete volume task dataset.
Uses generate_sample_durations_for_task() to pre-generate exact sample durations
that sum to exactly the target task duration. This guarantees:
- Exact coverage of target duration
- No estimation errors from average-based calculation
Returns:
Tuple of (mcq_csv_path, open_text_csv_path)
"""
# Generate sample durations upfront (guarantees exact total duration)
sample_durations = generate_sample_durations_for_task(
self.task_duration_hours,
self.min_clip_duration,
self.max_clip_duration
)
num_samples = len(sample_durations)
self.logger.info(f"Generating {num_samples} volume task samples (target: {self.task_duration_hours}h, exact fill)...")
# Create balanced question type distribution (NO clips balancing for volume task)
question_types = self.task_config['question_types']
balanced_question_types = []
samples_per_type = num_samples // len(question_types)
remainder = num_samples % len(question_types)
for qtype in question_types:
count = samples_per_type + (1 if remainder > 0 else 0)
balanced_question_types.extend([qtype] * count)
remainder = max(0, remainder - 1)
random.shuffle(balanced_question_types)
from collections import Counter
type_dist = Counter(balanced_question_types)
self.logger.info(f"Balanced question type distribution: {dict(sorted(type_dist.items()))}")
all_metadata = []
for i, target_duration in enumerate(sample_durations):
metadata = self.generate_sample(i, target_question_type=balanced_question_types[i], target_duration_seconds=target_duration)
all_metadata.append(metadata) # Save MCQ CSV
mcq_csv_path = self.output_base / 'volume_mcq.csv'
self._save_mcq_csv(all_metadata, mcq_csv_path)
# Save open-text CSV
open_text_csv_path = self.output_base / 'volume_open_text.csv'
self._save_open_text_csv(all_metadata, open_text_csv_path)
# Save metadata CSV
metadata_csv_path = self.output_base / 'volume_metadata.csv'
self._save_metadata_csv(all_metadata, metadata_csv_path)
self.logger.info(f"Volume task dataset generation complete!")
self.logger.info(f" - MCQ CSV: {mcq_csv_path}")
self.logger.info(f" - Open-text CSV: {open_text_csv_path}")
self.logger.info(f" - Metadata CSV: {metadata_csv_path}")
self.logger.info(f" - Audio files: {self.audio_output}")
return mcq_csv_path, open_text_csv_path
def _save_mcq_csv(self, metadata_list: List[Dict], output_path: Path):
"""Save MCQ format CSV."""
with open(output_path, 'w', newline='') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
# Header
writer.writerow([
'question', 'id', 'audio_path',
'optionA', 'optionB', 'optionC', 'optionD',
'correct', 'question_type', 'audio_sequence',
'category_volumes'
])
# Data rows
for meta in metadata_list:
writer.writerow([
meta['mcq_question'],
meta['id'],
meta['audio_path'],
meta['mcq_options']['A'],
meta['mcq_options']['B'],
meta['mcq_options']['C'],
meta['mcq_options']['D'],
meta['mcq_correct_answer'],
meta['question_type'],
str(meta['audio_sequence']),
str(meta['category_volumes'])
])
def _save_open_text_csv(self, metadata_list: List[Dict], output_path: Path):
"""Save open-text format CSV."""
with open(output_path, 'w', newline='') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
# Header
writer.writerow([
'question', 'id', 'audio_path', 'answer',
'question_type', 'audio_sequence', 'category_volumes'
])
# Data rows
for meta in metadata_list:
writer.writerow([
meta['open_text_question'],
meta['id'],
meta['audio_path'],
meta['open_text_answer'],
meta['question_type'],
str(meta['audio_sequence']),
str(meta['category_volumes'])
])
def _save_metadata_csv(self, metadata_list: List[Dict], output_path: Path):
"""Save detailed metadata CSV."""
with open(output_path, 'w', newline='') as f:
writer = csv.writer(f)
# Header
writer.writerow([
'id', 'audio_path', 'n_clips', 'question_type',
'audio_sequence', 'volume_levels_db', 'correct_answer',
'correct_volume_db', 'source_files'
])
# Data rows
for meta in metadata_list:
writer.writerow([
meta['id'],
meta['audio_path'],
meta['n_clips'],
meta['question_type'],
str(meta['audio_sequence']),
str(meta['volume_levels_db']),
meta['correct_answer_category'],
meta['correct_volume_db'],
str(meta['source_files'])
])
def main(config_path: str = None):
"""Main entry point for volume task generation."""
import yaml
# Load configuration
if config_path is None:
config_path = Path(__file__).parent.parent / 'config.yaml'
with open(config_path, 'r') as f:
config = yaml.safe_load(f)
# Set random seed
set_random_seed(config['random_seed'])
# Setup logger
logger = setup_logger(
'volume_task',
log_file=str(Path(config['output']['base_path']) / config['logging']['log_file']),
level=config['logging']['level'],
console_output=config['logging']['console_output']
)
# Generate dataset
generator = VolumeTaskGenerator(config, logger)
generator.generate_dataset()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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