12 - Debugging Tools/001 How to debug Java programs_en.srt

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Hello team, Today I will reveal 
the secret which will help you 

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to become senior developer. Today I 
will show you how debugger works 

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and how you can investigate execution 
of your program to find the 

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defects and to improve your code. 
What is a debugger? Debugger is 

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a special tool which helps you 
to run program under controlled conditions 

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that allow you to monitor all 
changes in your program. You can 

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pause execution of your program whenever 
you want, you can display contents 

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of memory, you can investigate state 
of variables and lots more. How 

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this will help you to become 
senior developer? Debugger tool helps you 

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to understand how even complex enterprise 
programs work. You can spend some 

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time to investigate what is happening 
inside the program – what methods 

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are called when checkout is happening 
on the website, you can see 

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what arguments are passed to the 
method and what are their values, 

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probably there are specific logic for 
discount calculation is also on place. 

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This will help you to understand 
where to add additional logic, or 

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in other words – where to 
write new code for tax calculation, 

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let’s say, or where you need 
to fix defects. Even now, when 

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you did your home task, I’m 
sure there were cases when you 

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run you program, and you didn’t 
understand why console output is not 

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the one you expected. To get 
answer on ‘why’ question and to 

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understand how program works – debugger 
tool exists and today, I will 

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teach you how you can use 
it. As always, to understand how 

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specific tool works – let’s jump 
to practice. For example, let’s try 

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to implement one of the home 
tasks. Do you remember home task 

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when you needed to filter a 
string by words length? Let’s debug 

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this program. The first thing you 
need to do is to set 

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a breakpoint. Breakpoint is a line 
in your program where execution will 

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be paused. Let’s set the breakpoint 
in this line. Just hover mouse 

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over this row and do mouse 
double left click. To debug your program, 

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you need to do mouse right 
click and press ‘Debug As’ -> 

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‘Java Application’. Our program waits for 
user input in this line. Let’s 

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enter some text here. Now our 
program expects another user input in 

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this line. Minimum word length will 
be four. And now program execution 

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paused in the line where we 
set breakpoint. Eclipse asks a permission 

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to switch perspective. Let’s switch perspective 
to debug perspective, because there are 

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a lot of useful views on 
it. So now we switched to 

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debug perspective. Here on the right 
you always can track how state 

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of the variables are changed. For 
example, at this moment of program 

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execution, we have: args variable 
which is empty; Scanner object;

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; userInput String - and minLength 
variable. Let’s pretend that we want 

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to understand which regular expression works 
the best for this particular case. 

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Or we want to make sure 
that this regular expression works as 

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expected. Let’s select expression -> mouse 
right click -> watch. Here in 

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expression tab we see the result 
of execution of this expression. Let’s 

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add new with another regular expression, 
probably, we just need to split 

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userInput by space character? Click here 
– ‘Add new expression’ – userInput, 

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split, space character. And we can 
see the result. In this case 

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empty strings will be present in 
our result array. You can also 

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use debug shell. Let me show 
you one more example. You can 

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select expression, mouse right click and 
press ‘display’ to see the result 

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right here. Additionally, you can press 
Ctrl Shift D to switch to 

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debug shell view. Here it is. 
What is good about debug shell? 

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There is autosuggestion support here. Let’s 
remove this by selecting and clicking 

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backspace. Now I can start type 
‘user’ and press Ctrl plus Space 

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– and here is autosuggestion. Now 
I can enter dot, and again 

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autosuggestion works as expected. Let’s again 
split userInput by space character. To 

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execute code in debug shell you 
need to select it and press 

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this button – ‘Display result’. And 
again, you can clear it if 

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you wish. What else you can 
do here? It is very useful 

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in debug mode to check your 
code with different values and to 

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change them during the program execution. 
For example, let’s check our program 

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with different userInput. userInput equals and 
specify any random string here. Now, 

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you can execute this code. Select 
it and press this button – 

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‘Execute selected text’. Let’s switch to 
variables view here and you can 

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see that our userInput variable has 
been changed. So, during the debugging 

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you can execute code which doesn’t 
exist in your current program. That 

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can help you a lot, when 
you want to make sure whether 

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you need to add some code 
or no. Definitely you can check 

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this in different ways, for example 
with unit tests, or just add 

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some code and run your program 
one more time. But when you 

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deal with huge programs you realize 
that making changes in one line 

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and compile all files, build the 
.jar or .war file to deploy 

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it on web server or just 
to run it – this may 

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take up to thirty minutes. That’s 
why such manipulations in debug mode 

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can help you be more efficient 
and productive. Ok, let’s move on. 

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Here on top you have buttons 
to control execution of your program. 

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This play button means jump to 
another breakpoint. Stop button obviously means 

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‘stop’ execution. And here are two 
buttons which we will use. Step 

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into and step over. Step over 
brings us to the next line 

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of the execution. Let’s press it. 
In this line I see that 

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filterWordsByLength method is going to be 
executed. And I want to investigate 

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what is happening inside it. I 
press ‘step into’ button. This button 

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brings me inside this method. You 
can also notice that variables list 

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here is changed. Now I can 
see only variables which are visible 

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in scope of this method. Let’s 
press ‘step over’ button multiple times. 

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And you see how counter variable 
is changed. When you are tired 

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of this loop, you can set 
one more breakpoint. Let’s say after 

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this loop. Now I can press 
‘Play’ button and jump to another 

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breakpoint. Now I can press ‘step 
over’ multiple times and see filtered 

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words even without printing them to 
console. Press ‘Play’ button – to 

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finish the program. Important thing which 
students always ask me is how 

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to restore previous view in eclipse. 
Just navigate back to Java or 

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Java EE perspective here. That’s it. 
So now, you know how to 

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debug program of any level of 
complexity. This will help you a 

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lot in finding bugs and in investigation 
how program works. That’s all for today. 

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Thank you for your attention and 
see you in the next lesson.