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Hello, Jim.

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In this lesson, we are going to learn how to work with swing builder and string buffer classes.

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Also, I'm going to explain why we might need them.

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We're going to start from understanding what these classes are and why do we need them and want to understand

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the problems that these classes are supposed to solve.

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We're going to have practical example where I will explain in detail why you should never forget about

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string builder and string the buffer in this lesson.

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I'm going to explain the difference between these two classes and what is even more important.

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I will teach you when to use these classes and how to use them.

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I will show you example of string builder and string the bar for usage and also will char sequence interface.

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Let's start let's try to understand first what a string builder class in the documentation.

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This class is described as mutable sequence of characters by this moment.

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Now, of course, you already know that objects of string class are immutable.

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In short, there's a class designed in the way that you can't change the state of a regional object

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after it was instantiated.

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All assets don't modify state of the original string or objects that we created.

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The class itself is final and you can't override it to change the logic of methods.

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That means that each time you modify string in your program, you actually create a new object of the

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string.

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Yes, you might lose the reference to the string object in case new string object is assigned to the

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regional variable.

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And yes, in the case there is no strong references to the object, garbage collector will clean it

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up.

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I'm going to show this case in the example later today.

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But the only question that I want to ask you sounds like this.

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Do we need to rely on garbage collector and make it work?

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The answer is no one garbage collector starts its work.

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It is also some computation time that potentially might be used by US operations.

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Instead of cleaning up objects without strong references.

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And by the way, it is important for you to know and remember the difference between different types

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of references.

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In case you want to learn more about this topic, make sure you watched my lesson about references where

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I explained different types of references, but still how to solve a problem of constant creation of

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string object.

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If I'm modifying string so the situation might be completely different is a process a lot of strings

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and you need all of them in one string or you prepare string before writing it to the file.

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It doesn't matter.

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But in some hypothetical case, instead of creation, millions of string objects and heap memory, it

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is recommended to create one object of string, build it up and use it.

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Does it make sense to understand the motivation of using an object of this type?

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Great.

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Let's now understand what a string buffer class is.

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It would be easy to explain what is this class about because it is almost the same as string builder

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class.

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They have similar methods, similar constructors.

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Literally almost everything is similar.

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The only difference is that string, the buffer is a safe class and objects of this type might be used

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in an execution without impact on data consistency.

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What a lot of training is discussed in the separate section of the course.

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But still, I would like to remind to all students about multithreaded one more time in in case of Perou

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execution of multiple threads.

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When different threads update the state of the string buffer simultaneously or read its data, only

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one thread is allowed to execute these operations with potential mistakes that may happen because of

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an axis.

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That's why everything what I'm going to share with you about String Builder is absolutely applicable

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to the string buffer in Montessori environment.

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The rule of thumb is to use three builder whenever is possible because it has better performance.

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This is just consequences of not having synchronization from multiple threads inside string builder,

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whereas all mascot's in string buffer are synchronized and this takes additional overhead during the

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execution.

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You should be all right with String Builder.

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In most cases, I believe that you already understood on the high level why we need these classes.

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It is time to dive deeper in details and understand how to work with objects of this type.

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And let's start from explaining the hypothetical problem.

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I have file with stacks.

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This is lyrics of the song that I listened while.

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Thinking about the structure of the lesson, the song is called Never Coming Home By Staying Pretty

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Cool one, by the way.

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And according to business logic, I need to be able to read text from files and after that work with

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the content of the file as a whole.

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For example, text analysis or text statistics is needed.

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Probably you want to implement programs that would analyze thousands of songs in order.

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You could find the best rhymes any way you can be in any of other situations that would make it to collect

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all streams in one string object.

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I open my example now that is called string build a demo I have mastered that reads all lines from file

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into one string object and after that I bring the strings to console.

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Let's review this method.

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I create the reference of the same time as it is pointing out to the object that is stored in St. Paul.

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If you don't remember what a string will please refer to as a lesson about string objects and string

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CPU in my Java course.

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In the next line I read all lines from file into the list of strings.

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In case you're interested how I did this, please refer to the section about input output streams in

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my Java course.

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After that I iterate and over each line and I concatenate each line with my result string and adding

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new one character at the end of each line.

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What is actually happening here?

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I create a new string object after each concatenation and this string reference pointing out to the

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new object in memory.

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Each time after concatenation you are going to have the object that contains the first line.

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Only the second object would be the first line.

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And Newline character is a shared object, would be the first line newline character and the second

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line and so on.

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Why do you need so many duplication and so many string objects?

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And that is not a big harm in process in one song.

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But believe me, you are going to work with files much bigger than we have in our example today.

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And this is going to become a problem.

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What would be the solution here?

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The solution here is to use string build object.

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Let's look at another method that also read all lines from the file, but do it with help of string

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builder object.

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I create object of string, build a type with the default constructor.

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After that I am doing the same thing.

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I'm bringing the lines into the list.

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Object in foreach loop.

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I call append massata patterns new line and newline character.

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I need to return a string object from the method so I call to string methods.

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It creates string object based on my string builder.

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That's it.

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To prove you that concatenation of strings with string builder is more efficient, I evaluate the time

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for both of these separations.

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I just take amount of milliseconds before the first method invocation and after that I calculate Delta

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in milliseconds by the doctors the time that I already have from current time after method execution.

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Following this approach, I can estimate how long does it take to execute code?

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That is between two points.

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And I did similar measurement in the second example for String Builder.

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After that I bring two values to console in order we could have a chance to compare these two values.

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Let's run the program so you can see the difference in performance with one song of string is approximately

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ten times more restrained.

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Object concatenation.

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Imagine what the difference would be was a gigabyte files.

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It is crazy.

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That's why it is important to use string builder during the processing of big number of strings.

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Basically, we have just removed probably the most popular example of string builder and string bar

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for usage.

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But let me also share with you a little bit more details about class structure and other methods.

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I open the source code of string builder class.

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And just to remind you, what we are going to review now is absolutely similar in string.

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The buffer clause was only one exception.

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Synchronized methods.

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This is the full constructor calls, constructor of super class.

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That is abstract string the builder specifying the original capacity of the characters array.

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By default it is 610.

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Do not find any Secrett logic behind this number.

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It is just 16.

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There is also a string builder within parameter to specify any custom default capacity.

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One you should use this version of constructor.

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I believe that you already know how arrays work in Java.

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You can text extend array that was created already.

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So to extent existing array you need.

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To create a bigger array and copy old values in that this is time consuming operation.

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That's why in case you know that you're going to process a big amount of data, you can set initial

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capacity in order to avoid concentration of new array objects, to have enough space for all characters.

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Also, we can create string builder and initialize it with the content of the string object or any char

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sequence.

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Short sequence is an interface that is implemented by many different classes in Java, for example,

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string swing builder, string buffer, abstract string builder and others.

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All of them implements char sequence interface.

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This interface declares contract for such mascot's as Lancs to return total number of characters in

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char sequence char at Richmondshire as a specified index is empty default masset the checks with the

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Lancs equal to zero returns.

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True, if character sequence is empty and false, otherwise Subsequence Masset will return char sequence

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from indexing collusively to indexed exclusively.

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And you know what the string method does.

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Also, we are a few more default methods and one Zem Chass returns in stream.

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Just to remind you that Char easily may be converted to end Y because integer variable specifies sequence

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number of the character and the Unicode table code points returns in stream where each end will represent

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characters sequence number in the Unicode table.

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I will be honest with you, I have never used this method, but at least it is good just to know that

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such as it exists in learning purposes and static methods that may be used to combat two character sequences.

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Let's get back to the implementation of a sequence that we are running today.

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I open string builder class.

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As you can see in outline here, there are a lot of versions of append method.

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This method is overloaded to be able to accept parameter of different types.

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Also, we can delete from char to char, from string builder onto the teacher at the specified index.

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And again, it is hard for me to come up with an example where you would use this massas on a daily

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basis, replace Masset from index to index and be replaced with the string.

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Another method that is overloaded in this class is insert.

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It is used to insert the specified value at the specified position.

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It is overloaded.

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The Different Parameters Index of Masset returns the index within this string of the first occurrence

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of the specified substring last index of returns.

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The index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring.

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The last two methods also have overloaded version that additionally it takes one more parameter of time.

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This is the index from which to start the search reverse.

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Massata causes this character sequence to be replaced by the reverse of the sequence.

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That's all methods of string builder class.

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What I would recommend you open the source code of string builder string, buffer and abstract string

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to build the class leukocoria through the code and try to play with matches.

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We have discussed the most important ones and the masses that have chance to be used in production.

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But in case you would find any other method that you are interested in and you would like to talk more

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about it, do not hesitate to ask questions below this video.

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I will be happy to answer all of your questions, but I truly believe that we have learned just enough

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things in order to be able to start using string builder and string four classes.

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Now, let's recap what we have learned in this lesson.

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After this lesson, we know what string builder and string buffer classes are.

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I believe that you understood the purpose of these classes and use cases when to use them.

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Also review the char sequence interface today.

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That's it for this lesson.

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Thanks a lot for your attention.

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Have a great day and see you in the next lesson.