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README.md
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| 1 |
+
---
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| 2 |
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license: mit
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| 3 |
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language:
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- en
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+
tags:
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| 6 |
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- reinforcement-learning
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| 7 |
+
- pytorch
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- ppo
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| 9 |
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- aerospace
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| 10 |
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- flight-control
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- boeing-747
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- continuous-control
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| 13 |
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- gymnasium
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| 14 |
+
library_name: tensoraerospace
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pipeline_tag: reinforcement-learning
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| 16 |
+
model-index:
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| 17 |
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- name: PPO-B747-PitchControl
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| 18 |
+
results:
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| 19 |
+
- task:
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| 20 |
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type: reinforcement-learning
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name: Pitch Angle Tracking Control
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dataset:
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type: custom
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name: Boeing 747 Longitudinal Dynamics Simulation
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metrics:
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- type: eval_reward
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value: 0.9137
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name: Best Evaluation Reward
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- type: overshoot
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value: 0.49
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| 31 |
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name: Overshoot (%)
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| 32 |
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- type: settling_time
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| 33 |
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value: 0.60
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| 34 |
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name: Settling Time (s)
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| 35 |
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- type: rise_time
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| 36 |
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value: 0.30
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| 37 |
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name: Rise Time (s)
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| 38 |
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- type: static_error
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value: 0.0046
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| 40 |
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name: Static Error
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| 41 |
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---
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| 42 |
+
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| 43 |
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# PPO Agent for Boeing 747 Pitch Angle Control
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| 44 |
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| 45 |
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<div align="center">
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| 46 |
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| 47 |
+

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| 48 |
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| 49 |
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**Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) for Longitudinal Aircraft Control**
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| 50 |
+
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| 51 |
+
[](https://github.com/TensorAeroSpace/TensorAeroSpace)
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| 52 |
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[](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
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| 53 |
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[](https://pytorch.org/)
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| 54 |
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| 55 |
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</div>
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| 56 |
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| 57 |
+
## Model Description
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| 58 |
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| 59 |
+
This model is a **Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)** agent trained to control the pitch angle (θ) of a **Boeing 747** aircraft in a longitudinal flight dynamics simulation. The agent receives normalized state observations and outputs continuous elevator deflection commands to track reference pitch angle signals.
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| 60 |
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| 61 |
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| 62 |
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| 63 |
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| 64 |
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### Intended Uses
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| 66 |
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- **Primary Use**: Automatic pitch angle tracking and stabilization for Boeing 747 aircraft simulation
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| 68 |
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- **Research Applications**: Benchmarking RL algorithms for aerospace control systems
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| 69 |
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- **Educational**: Learning reinforcement learning concepts in aerospace applications
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| 70 |
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- **Hybrid Control**: Can be combined with PID/MPC controllers for robust flight control
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| 71 |
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| 72 |
+
### Model Architecture
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| 73 |
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| 74 |
+
The PPO agent consists of separate **Actor** and **Critic** neural networks:
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| 75 |
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#### Actor Network (Policy)
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| 77 |
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| Layer | Configuration |
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| 78 |
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|-------|--------------|
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| 79 |
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| Input | 4 (observation dim) |
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| 80 |
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| Hidden 1 | Linear(4, 256) + ReLU |
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| 81 |
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| Hidden 2 | Linear(256, 256) + ReLU |
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| 82 |
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| Output (μ) | Linear(256, 1) + Tanh |
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| 83 |
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| Output (log σ) | Linear(256, 1), clamped to [-5.0, -1.5] |
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| 84 |
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| 85 |
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#### Critic Network (Value Function)
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| 86 |
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| Layer | Configuration |
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| 87 |
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|-------|--------------|
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| 88 |
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| Input | 4 (observation dim) |
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| 89 |
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| Hidden 1 | Linear(4, 256) + ReLU |
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| 90 |
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| Hidden 2 | Linear(256, 256) + ReLU |
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| 91 |
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| Output | Linear(256, 1) |
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| 92 |
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### State Space
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| 94 |
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The observation vector consists of 4 normalized states representing the longitudinal dynamics:
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| 96 |
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| Index | State | Description | Units |
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|-------|-------|-------------|-------|
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| 99 |
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| 0 | u | Forward velocity perturbation | normalized |
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| 100 |
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| 1 | w | Vertical velocity perturbation | normalized |
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| 101 |
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| 2 | q | Pitch rate | normalized |
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| 3 | θ | Pitch angle (tracking target) | normalized |
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### Action Space
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| Dimension | Description | Range |
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|-----------|-------------|-------|
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| 1 | Elevator deflection | [-1.0, 1.0] (normalized) |
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The normalized action is scaled to physical elevator deflection in degrees by the environment.
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## Training Details
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### Training Configuration
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| Hyperparameter | Value |
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|----------------|-------|
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| Algorithm | PPO (Clip) |
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| Max Episodes | 90,000 |
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| Rollout Length | 256 steps |
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| Batch Size | 16,384 |
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| Epochs per Update | 2 |
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| Clip Parameter (ε) | 0.15 |
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| Discount Factor (γ) | 0.995 |
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| GAE Lambda (λ) | 0.95 |
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| Actor Learning Rate | 1e-4 |
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| Critic Learning Rate | 2e-4 |
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| 128 |
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| Entropy Coefficient | 0.01 |
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| Max Gradient Norm | 0.5 |
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| Target KL | 0.01 |
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| Normalize Observations | False |
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| Normalize Rewards | True |
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### Environment Configuration
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| Parameter | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| Environment | `ImprovedB747VecEnvTorch` |
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| Number of Parallel Envs | 64 |
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| Time Step (dt) | 0.1 s |
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| Episode Duration | 20 s |
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| Initial State | [0, 0, 0, 0] |
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| Reference Signal | Step function |
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| Step Amplitude Range | 1.0° |
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| Step Time Range | 5.0 s |
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### Training Infrastructure
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- **Hardware**: NVIDIA GPU with CUDA support
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- **Framework**: PyTorch 2.0+
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- **Training Time**: ~7,510 episodes to best checkpoint
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- **Best Episode**: 7,510
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## Evaluation Results
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| 155 |
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### Performance Metrics
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| 157 |
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| **Best Evaluation Reward** | 0.9137 |
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| **Overshoot** | 0.49% |
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| **Settling Time** | 0.60 s |
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| **Rise Time** | 0.30 s |
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| **Peak Time** | 0.80 s |
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| **Static Error** | -0.0046 |
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| **Oscillation Count** | 1 |
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| **Performance Index** | 3.06 |
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### Integral Criteria
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| Criterion | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| IAE (Integral Absolute Error) | 4.08 |
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| ISE (Integral Squared Error) | 2.64 |
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| ITAE (Integral Time-weighted Absolute Error) | 4.77 |
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### Step Response Characteristics
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The agent demonstrates excellent step tracking performance with:
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- ✅ Minimal overshoot (<1%)
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- ✅ Fast settling time (0.6s)
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- ✅ Quick rise time (0.3s)
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- ✅ Near-zero static error
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- ✅ Minimal oscillations (1 cycle)
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## Usage
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| 187 |
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### Installation
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```bash
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pip install tensoraerospace
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```
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### Quick Start
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| 195 |
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```python
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import numpy as np
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import torch
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from tensoraerospace.agent.ppo.model import PPO
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from tensoraerospace.envs.b747 import ImprovedB747Env
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from tensoraerospace.signals.standart import unit_step
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from tensoraerospace.utils import generate_time_period, convert_tp_to_sec_tp
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# Load pretrained agent
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agent = PPO.from_pretrained("TensorAeroSpace/ppo-b747-pitch-control")
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# Setup environment
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dt = 0.1
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tp = generate_time_period(tn=20, dt=dt)
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tps = convert_tp_to_sec_tp(tp, dt=dt)
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# Create step reference signal (1 degree step at t=5s)
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reference = unit_step(tp=tps, degree=1.0, time_step=5.0, output_rad=True).reshape(1, -1)
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env = ImprovedB747Env(
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initial_state=np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], dtype=np.float32),
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reference_signal=reference,
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number_time_steps=len(tp),
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dt=dt,
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)
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# Run evaluation
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obs, _ = env.reset()
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done = False
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while not done:
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action, mean_action, _ = agent.act(obs, deterministic=True)
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action_scalar = float(np.asarray(mean_action).flatten()[0])
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obs, reward, terminated, truncated, info = env.step(action_scalar)
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done = terminated or truncated
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```
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### Load from Local Checkpoint
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| 234 |
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| 235 |
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```python
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from tensoraerospace.agent.ppo.model import PPO
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# Load from local directory
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agent = PPO.from_pretrained("./path/to/checkpoint")
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```
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| 241 |
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## Limitations
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| 243 |
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- **Fixed Aircraft Model**: Trained specifically on Boeing 747 longitudinal dynamics; may not generalize to other aircraft
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| 245 |
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- **Step Reference Only**: Optimized for step reference tracking; performance on other signal types (sine, ramp) may vary
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| 246 |
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- **Simulation Gap**: Trained in simulation; real-world deployment would require additional validation
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- **State Observability**: Assumes all 4 longitudinal states are observable
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| 248 |
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- **Linear Dynamics**: Based on linearized aircraft model around trim conditions
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## Ethical Considerations
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| 251 |
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- **Not for Real Flight Control**: This model is for research and educational purposes only. It should NOT be used for actual aircraft control systems without extensive testing, certification, and regulatory approval.
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| 253 |
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- **Simulation Only**: All training and evaluation performed in simulation environments.
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## Citation
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| 256 |
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| 257 |
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If you use this model in your research, please cite:
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| 258 |
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| 259 |
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```bibtex
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@software{tensoraerospace2024,
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title = {TensorAeroSpace: Advanced Aerospace Control Systems \& Reinforcement Learning Framework},
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| 262 |
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author = {TensorAeroSpace Team},
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| 263 |
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year = {2024},
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| 264 |
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url = {https://github.com/TensorAeroSpace/TensorAeroSpace},
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license = {MIT}
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}
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```
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## Model Card Authors
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| 270 |
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TensorAeroSpace Team
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## Model Card Contact
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| 274 |
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- **GitHub**: [TensorAeroSpace/TensorAeroSpace](https://github.com/TensorAeroSpace/TensorAeroSpace)
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- **Documentation**: [tensoraerospace.readthedocs.io](https://tensoraerospace.readthedocs.io/)
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| 277 |
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- **Hugging Face**: [TensorAeroSpace](https://huggingface.co/TensorAeroSpace)
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| 278 |
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|