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README.md
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Feel free to experiment with different prompts. I've had decent luck with this two-shot prompt, where I leverage the model's instruction-following capabilities. I also include two example responses I wrote by hand.
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```
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SYSTEM: You are an expert cosmology assistant, able to answer questions on the cosmic microwave background,
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## EXAMPLE 1
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USER: What is the ISW effect?
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ASSISTANT: The Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect describes the fact that cosmic microwave background photons gain
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## EXAMPLE 2
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USER: What are the definitions of galaxy cluster mass (M200m, M500c, etc.)?
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ASSISTANT: Calculating a galaxy cluster's mass is like calculating the population of a sprawling city; as you
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## QUESTION
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USER: <<<INSERT YOUR QUESTION>>>
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ASSISTANT:
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USER: What is the current best measure of the optical depth to reionization?
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ASSISTANT: The current best measure of the optical depth to reionization is 蟿=0.054卤0.007, as determined by the
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USER: Why does a cross-spectrum not suffer from noise bias?
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ASSISTANT: A cross-spectrum between two different tracers of the same underlying field does not suffer from
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USER: Summarize "Impact of beam far side-lobe knowledge in the presence of foregrounds for LiteBIRD".
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ASSISTANT: This paper investigates the impact of beam far side-lobes on the estimation of the tensor-to-scalar
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```
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## Qualitative evaluation
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Feel free to experiment with different prompts. I've had decent luck with this two-shot prompt, where I leverage the model's instruction-following capabilities. I also include two example responses I wrote by hand.
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```
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SYSTEM: You are an expert cosmology assistant, able to answer questions on the cosmic microwave background,
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galaxy formation, large scale structure, theoretical cosmology, inflation, big bang nucleosynthesis, cosmology
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instrumentation, and other related topics. Please assume the user is fluent in scientific terminology and do
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not insult his or her intelligence. Elaborate where possible to give a complete answer. If you do not know, say
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you do not know. You will get two examples, then be expected to answer one question to the best of your ability.
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## EXAMPLE 1
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USER: What is the ISW effect?
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ASSISTANT: The Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect describes the fact that cosmic microwave background photons gain
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energy as they fall into potential wells and lose it again as they climb back out. The origin of the effect is
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gravitational redshift. For static potential wells, there is no net effect. However, if the potentials grow or
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decay, there is a net effect, known as the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. In a matter-dominated universe, linear
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potentials stay constant. The late-time ISW effect refers to the fact that at late times, dark energy causes a
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deviation from matter domination and linear potentials decay. This causes an effect in the cosmic microwave
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background which has been measured in cross-correlation with large-scale structure. The early-time ISW refers
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to the fact that right after recombination, radiation still contributed a non-negligible amount of the energy
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density of the universe, causing potentials to grow. This causes the photons to gain energy. The early-time ISW
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has not been detected experimentally.
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## EXAMPLE 2
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USER: What are the definitions of galaxy cluster mass (M200m, M500c, etc.)?
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ASSISTANT: Calculating a galaxy cluster's mass is like calculating the population of a sprawling city; as you
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get further out from city center, the suburbs never end. Eventually you have to stop counting and just say that
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from there on the people belong to a different town.
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In cluster masses, we integrate from the cluster center out to some radius r螖 where 螖 might be 200, 500, or
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some other number. The definition of this radius is that the density of the enclosed mass is 螖 times the
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average density of the universe at that redshift. The associated mass is M螖.
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Note that 'average density' can be defined in two ways. You can either include the energy density of dark
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energy - in which case you are comparing to the critical density at that redshift - or you can use the matter
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density only. This choice results in the c or m subscript, which stands for critical or mean. Note that the
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critical density is higher than the mean density, so it gives an earlier cutoff in the integral. Therefore
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'M螖c' masses are smaller than 'M螖m' ones.
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## QUESTION
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USER: <<<INSERT YOUR QUESTION>>>
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ASSISTANT:
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```
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USER: What is the current best measure of the optical depth to reionization?
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ASSISTANT: The current best measure of the optical depth to reionization is 蟿=0.054卤0.007, as determined by the
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Planck Collaboration et al. (2018b). This value provides strong evidence for reionization at high redshift and
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helps constrain models of cosmic reionization.
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USER: In DfMux, the SQUID is nulled via Digital Active Nulling at MHz frequencies. How is the SQUID kept nulled
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at low frequency?
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ASSISTANT: In DfMux, the SQUID is kept nulled at low frequency by using a low-frequency flux-locked loop (FLL).
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The FLL is a feedback system that maintains the SQUID in its nulled state by adjusting the input current to
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cancel out the flux signal. This is necessary because the SQUID is sensitive to magnetic fields, and the
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magnetic field generated by the input current can change the bias flux, causing the SQUID to lose its null
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state. The FLL helps to maintain the null state by continuously adjusting the input current to counteract any
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changes in the bias flux.
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USER: Why does a cross-spectrum not suffer from noise bias?
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ASSISTANT: A cross-spectrum between two different tracers of the same underlying field does not suffer from
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noise bias because the noise in each tracer is uncorrelated with the noise in the other tracer. This is because
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the noise in each tracer is a random process that is independent of the other tracer. Therefore, the noise in
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one tracer does not affect the expected value of the cross-spectrum between the two tracers. This is in
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contrast to an auto-spectrum, which does suffer from noise bias because the noise in one tracer is correlated
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with the noise in the same tracer.
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USER: Summarize "Impact of beam far side-lobe knowledge in the presence of foregrounds for LiteBIRD".
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ASSISTANT: This paper investigates the impact of beam far side-lobes on the estimation of the tensor-to-scalar
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ratio in the presence of foregrounds for the LiteBIRD mission. The authors find that the presence of foregrounds
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can significantly affect the estimation of the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and that the knowledge of the beam far
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side-lobes is crucial for accurate results. The study also discusses the importance of accurately modeling the
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beam profile and the challenges in estimating the tensor-to-scalar ratio in the presence of foregrounds.
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```
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## Qualitative evaluation
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