---
license: apache-2.0
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
- daedalus
- cpu-inference
- gguf
- q4_0
---

# daedalus-150m

A 160.5M-parameter causal LM built for the best quality-per-token-per-second on **CPU** inference, exported to GGUF Q4_0 for llama.cpp.

## What this model is trying to beat

> Beat Pythia-160M, OPT-125M and GPT-neo-125M on quality; target MobileLLM-125M as a stretch; concede SmolLM2-135M on quality while beating it decisively on CPU decode.

This bar was fixed before any result landed. Numbers below are reported against it whether or not they clear it.

## Architecture

| | |
|---|---|
| exported as | `Lfm2ForCausalLM` |
| parameters | 160,488,960 (122,740,224 non-embedding) |
| blocks | 18 (`ccccAccAcAcAcAccAc` -- `c` = gated short conv, `A` = GQA attention) |
| hidden size | 768 |
| SwiGLU inner dim | 2048 |
| heads | 12 query / 4 KV, head_dim 64, QK-norm |
| RoPE theta | 1,000,000 |
| context | 2048 |
| tied embeddings | True |
| tokenizer | [`HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-135M`](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-135M), reused byte-identical, vocab 49,152 |

## Training

- run: `post-sft`
- Muon lr 0.002 on 2D hidden matrices; AdamW lr 3e-05 on embeddings/head/norms
- WSD schedule, linear decay to zero over the final 45% of the run

## Evaluation

_Not yet measured for this export._

## Q4_0 quantization

- fp16 perplexity **217.8803** vs Q4_0 **263.4498**
- delta **20.915%**
- passes the <1.0% threshold: **False**
- llama.cpp CPU decode at 64 threads, by context depth:
  - depth **0**: **118.0 tok/s** (+/- 3.8)
  - depth **512**: **103.3 tok/s** (+/- 3.4)
  - depth **2048** (the trained context): **97.5 tok/s** (+/- 2.4)

## Checkpoints and how to continue training

Checkpoints are pushed to the private Hub model repo **`Unseen1980/daedalus-checkpoints`**: weights-only bf16 rolling copies every ~2 h under `rolling/<run>/weights.pt`, plus a milestone with full Muon + AdamW optimizer state at the WSD decay-start step on its own revision.

_No milestone record was found beside this checkpoint, so no branch point is published for it._

## Deviations from the blueprint

Each was costed and approved rather than silently dropped; see `DAEDALUS-BLUEPRINT-v6.md` and issue #4.

- **No distillation** from SmolLM2-1.7B during decay. 288 GB of top-16 logits does not fit the disk and the online-teacher variant cost ~$29 of a $94.66 budget; its own evidence was only "+1-3 points plausible".
- **Corpus stops at ~14.2B tokens, not 45B.** Training repeats a balanced corpus rather than seeing 45B unique tokens; at this scale repetition up to ~4 epochs costs little against fresh tokens, and mixture balance mattered more than raw size.
- **Document-aligned packing not implemented** -- sequences may cross document boundaries.
- **NoPE skipped** -- it breaks GGUF export.
- **Single seed** for the hero run, so no seed-sigma is reported.
- **`everyday-conversations` contributes ~0.00%** of pretraining instead of its 2% share (the whole dataset is 0.4M tokens, which the 4-epoch cap reduces to nothing); dialogue enters at the `post` SFT stage instead.