code/train.py

import os
os.environ["PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF"] = "expandable_segments:True"

import json, math, time, random, sys, contextlib, threading
import numpy as np
import torch

torch.set_float32_matmul_precision('high')
torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True
torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_bf16_reduced_precision_reduction = True

import torch.distributed as dist
from torch.nn.parallel import DistributedDataParallel as DDP
from huggingface_hub import HfApi, hf_hub_download, create_repo, login
from datetime import timedelta

def setup_ddp():
    dist.init_process_group(backend="nccl", timeout=timedelta(minutes=30))
    rank = dist.get_rank()
    local_rank = int(os.environ["LOCAL_RANK"])
    world_size = dist.get_world_size()
    torch.cuda.set_device(local_rank)
    return rank, local_rank, world_size

rank, local_rank, world_size = setup_ddp()
DEVICE = f"cuda:{local_rank}"
IS_MAIN = rank == 0

def log(msg):
    if IS_MAIN:
        print(msg, flush=True)

HF_TOKEN = os.environ.get("HF_TOKEN")
if HF_TOKEN is None:
    raise ValueError("HF_TOKEN environment variable is not set!")
login(token=HF_TOKEN)
api = HfApi(token=HF_TOKEN)

MODEL_REPO = "ViuAI/ViuAI-500M"
DATA_REPO = "ViuAI/viuai-500m-data"
CKPT_REPO = MODEL_REPO
TOKENIZER_SUBFOLDER = "tokenizer"
CODE_SUBFOLDER = "code"
CKPT_SUBFOLDER = "checkpoints"

if IS_MAIN:
    create_repo(CKPT_REPO, repo_type="model", token=HF_TOKEN, exist_ok=True, private=True)
dist.barrier()

if os.path.exists("/kaggle/working"):
    WORK = "/kaggle/working"
elif os.path.exists("/root/working"):
    WORK = "/root/working"
else:
    WORK = "./working"
os.makedirs(WORK, exist_ok=True)

sys.path.insert(0, f"{WORK}/{CODE_SUBFOLDER}")
hf_hub_download(MODEL_REPO, f"{CODE_SUBFOLDER}/config.py", local_dir=WORK, token=HF_TOKEN)
hf_hub_download(MODEL_REPO, f"{CODE_SUBFOLDER}/model.py", local_dir=WORK, token=HF_TOKEN)
from config import ViuAIConfig
from model import ViuAI

def with_retry(fn, *args, retries=4, delay=5, **kwargs):
    for attempt in range(1, retries + 1):
        try:
            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
        except Exception as e:
            if "404" in str(e) or "EntryNotFoundError" in type(e).__name__:
                raise
            if attempt == retries:
                raise
            log(f"  [retry {attempt}/{retries}] {type(e).__name__}: {e}")
            time.sleep(delay)
            delay *= 2

class ShardPool:
    def __init__(self, shard_names, repo_id, token, local_dir, pool_size=3, seed=0):
        self.all_shards = list(shard_names)
        self.rng = random.Random(seed)
        self.rng.shuffle(self.all_shards)
        self.cursor = 0
        self.repo_id, self.token, self.local_dir, self.pool_size = repo_id, token, local_dir, pool_size
        os.makedirs(local_dir, exist_ok=True)
        self.pool = []
        self.fill()

    def _next_name(self):
        if self.cursor >= len(self.all_shards):
            self.rng.shuffle(self.all_shards)
            self.cursor = 0
        name = self.all_shards[self.cursor]
        self.cursor += 1
        return name

    def fill(self):
        while len(self.pool) < self.pool_size:
            name = self._next_name()
            path = with_retry(hf_hub_download, self.repo_id, name, repo_type="dataset",
                               local_dir=self.local_dir, token=self.token)
            self.pool.append((path, np.memmap(path, dtype=np.uint16, mode="r")))

    def rotate_one(self):
        old_path, old_mmap = self.pool.pop(0)
        del old_mmap
        try: os.remove(old_path)
        except OSError: pass
        self.fill()

    def sample_batch(self, batch_size, ctx_len):
        xs, ys = [], []
        for _ in range(batch_size):
            _, tokens = self.rng.choice(self.pool)
            i = self.rng.randint(0, len(tokens) - ctx_len - 1)
            # CLEAN SHIFT: xs and ys are same length. ys is just shifted +1.
            xs.append(np.array(tokens[i:i+ctx_len], dtype=np.int64))
            ys.append(np.array(tokens[i+1:i+1+ctx_len], dtype=np.int64))
        return np.stack(xs), np.stack(ys)

def load_val_tokens(val_names, repo_id, token, local_dir):
    os.makedirs(local_dir, exist_ok=True)
    arrays = []
    for name in val_names:
        path = with_retry(hf_hub_download, repo_id, name, repo_type="dataset", local_dir=local_dir, token=token)
        arrays.append(np.memmap(path, dtype=np.uint16, mode="r"))
    return np.concatenate(arrays)

def get_batch(source, batch_size, ctx_len):
    if isinstance(source, ShardPool):
        x_np, y_np = source.sample_batch(batch_size, ctx_len)
    else:
        i = np.random.randint(0, len(source) - ctx_len - 1, size=batch_size)
        x_np = np.stack([np.array(source[j:j+ctx_len], dtype=np.int64) for j in i])
        y_np = np.stack([np.array(source[j+1:j+1+ctx_len], dtype=np.int64) for j in i])
    x = torch.from_numpy(x_np).pin_memory().to(DEVICE, non_blocking=True)
    y = torch.from_numpy(y_np).pin_memory().to(DEVICE, non_blocking=True)
    return x, y

def extract_clean_state_dict(model):
    """Safely extracts state dict removing DDP and compile prefixes."""
    raw_model = model.module if hasattr(model, "module") else model
    state_dict = raw_model.state_dict()
    # Remove _orig_mod. prefix if present (from torch.compile)
    return {k.replace("_orig_mod.", ""): v for k, v in state_dict.items()}

_upload_threads = []

def wait_for_uploads():
    if not _upload_threads:
        return
    log(f"  ⏳ Waiting for {len(_upload_threads)} background upload(s) to finish...")
    for t in _upload_threads:
        t.join()
    _upload_threads.clear()

def save_checkpoint(model, optimizer, step, val_loss, filename, blocking=False):
    if not IS_MAIN:
        return
    path = f"{WORK}/{filename}"
    state_dict = extract_clean_state_dict(model)
    data = {"model": state_dict, "step": step, "val_loss": val_loss}
    
    # Save optimizer only for latest checkpoint to keep best checkpoint small (1GB vs 5GB)
    if filename == "ckpt_latest.pt" and optimizer is not None:
        data["optimizer"] = optimizer.state_dict()
        
    torch.save(data, path)
    log(f"  [{filename} saved @ step {step}, val_loss={val_loss:.4f}] locally")
    
    if blocking:
        log(f"  ☁️ Uploading {filename} to HF (blocking, please wait)...")
        with_retry(api.upload_file, path_or_fileobj=path, path_in_repo=f"{CKPT_SUBFOLDER}/{filename}",
                   repo_id=CKPT_REPO, repo_type="model", token=HF_TOKEN)
        log(f"  ✅ Upload complete for {filename} @ step {step}")
    else:
        def _bg_upload():
            try:
                with_retry(api.upload_file, path_or_fileobj=path,
                           path_in_repo=f"{CKPT_SUBFOLDER}/{filename}",
                           repo_id=CKPT_REPO, repo_type="model", token=HF_TOKEN)
                log(f"  ☁️ [Background upload complete for {filename} @ step {step}]")
            except Exception as e:
                log(f"  ❌ [Background upload failed for {filename}: {e}]")
        t = threading.Thread(target=_bg_upload, daemon=False)
        t.start()
        _upload_threads.append(t)
        log(f"  ☁️ Uploading {filename} in background...")

def load_checkpoint(model, optimizer):
    try:
        path = with_retry(hf_hub_download, CKPT_REPO, f"{CKPT_SUBFOLDER}/ckpt_latest.pt", repo_type="model",
                           local_dir=WORK, token=HF_TOKEN)
        ckpt = torch.load(path, map_location="cpu", weights_only=False)
        target = model.module._orig_mod if hasattr(model.module, '_orig_mod') else model.module
        target.load_state_dict(ckpt["model"])
        optimizer.load_state_dict(ckpt["optimizer"])
        log(f"Resumed from step {ckpt['step']} (val_loss={ckpt['val_loss']:.4f})")
        return ckpt["step"]
    except Exception as e:
        log(f"No checkpoint found — starting fresh. ({type(e).__name__})")
        return 0

def get_lr(step, warmup, total, max_lr, min_lr):
    if step < warmup:
        return max_lr * (step + 1) / warmup
    if step > total:
        return min_lr
    ratio = (step - warmup) / (total - warmup)
    return min_lr + 0.5 * (1 + math.cos(math.pi * ratio)) * (max_lr - min_lr)

# === 500M GPU CONFIG ===
# Auto-detect GPU memory to set optimal MICRO_BATCH
mem_gb = torch.cuda.get_device_properties(DEVICE).total_memory / (1024**3)
if mem_gb > 100:     # H200 (141GB)
    MICRO_BATCH = 32
    GRAD_ACCUM = 4
    EMPTY_CACHE_EVERY = 500
    USE_CHECKPOINT = False
elif mem_gb > 70:    # A100 (80GB) or RTX 6000 Ada (96GB)
    MICRO_BATCH = 16
    GRAD_ACCUM = 8
    EMPTY_CACHE_EVERY = 250
    USE_CHECKPOINT = False
elif mem_gb > 28:    # 32GB GPUs (e.g. V100 32GB)
    MICRO_BATCH = 16
    GRAD_ACCUM = 8
    EMPTY_CACHE_EVERY = 500
    USE_CHECKPOINT = True
else:                # 24GB GPUs (e.g. L4, A10G, RTX 4090)
    MICRO_BATCH = 8
    GRAD_ACCUM = 16
    EMPTY_CACHE_EVERY = 500
    USE_CHECKPOINT = True

if IS_MAIN:
    print(f"🖥️ Detected GPU with {mem_gb:.1f}GB VRAM -> Auto-Configured: MICRO_BATCH={MICRO_BATCH}, GRAD_ACCUM={GRAD_ACCUM}, USE_CHECKPOINT={USE_CHECKPOINT}")
# =======================

CONTEXT_LEN   = 2048
MAX_LR        = 3e-4
MIN_LR        = 3e-5
WARMUP_STEPS  = 1000
TOTAL_STEPS   = 40_000
WEIGHT_DECAY  = 0.1
GRAD_CLIP     = 1.0
MAX_STEPS     = int(os.environ.get("MAX_STEPS", TOTAL_STEPS))
EVAL_EVERY    = 500
SAVE_EVERY    = 2000
ROTATE_EVERY  = 500

torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True
torch.backends.cudnn.allow_tf32 = True

cfg = ViuAIConfig(context_length=CONTEXT_LEN, use_checkpoint=USE_CHECKPOINT)
model = ViuAI(cfg).to(DEVICE)

if IS_MAIN:
    log(f"Model params: {model.num_params()/1e6:.1f}M | world_size={world_size}")
    log("Compiling model for Extreme Speed (this takes 1-2 mins on step 0)...")
compute_cap = torch.cuda.get_device_capability(local_rank)
USE_COMPILE = compute_cap[0] >= 8  # Only Ampere+ (A100, H100, H200, RTX 4090)

if USE_COMPILE:
    model = torch.compile(model)
model = DDP(model, device_ids=[local_rank])

optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW(model.parameters(), lr=MAX_LR, weight_decay=WEIGHT_DECAY, betas=(0.9, 0.95), fused=True)

start_step = load_checkpoint(model, optimizer)
start_step_t = torch.tensor([start_step], device=DEVICE)
dist.broadcast(start_step_t, src=0)
start_step = start_step_t.item()

files = api.list_repo_files(DATA_REPO, repo_type="dataset")
train_shards = sorted(f for f in files if f.startswith("shards/") and f.endswith(".bin") and "_val" not in f)
val_shards = sorted(f for f in files if f.startswith("shards/") and f.endswith("_val.bin"))

shard_pool = ShardPool(train_shards, DATA_REPO, HF_TOKEN, f"{WORK}/train_shards_r{rank}", seed=rank + start_step)
val_tokens = load_val_tokens(val_shards, DATA_REPO, HF_TOKEN, f"{WORK}/val_shards") if IS_MAIN else None

@torch.no_grad()
def evaluate():
    if not IS_MAIN:
        return None
    model.eval()
    losses = []
    for _ in range(50):
        x, y = get_batch(val_tokens, 4, CONTEXT_LEN)
        with torch.autocast(device_type="cuda", dtype=torch.bfloat16):
            unwrapped = model.module._orig_mod if hasattr(model.module, '_orig_mod') else model.module
            _, loss = unwrapped(x, y)
        losses.append(loss.item())
    model.train()
    return sum(losses) / len(losses)

model.train()
val_loss = None
best_val_loss = None
ema_tok_s = None
global_t0 = time.time()
t0 = time.time()
end_step = min(start_step + MAX_STEPS, TOTAL_STEPS)

for step in range(start_step, end_step):
    lr = get_lr(step, WARMUP_STEPS, TOTAL_STEPS, MAX_LR, MIN_LR)
    for g in optimizer.param_groups:
        g["lr"] = lr

    optimizer.zero_grad(set_to_none=True)
    accum_loss = 0.0
    for micro_i in range(GRAD_ACCUM):
        x, y = get_batch(shard_pool, MICRO_BATCH, CONTEXT_LEN)
        sync_ctx = model.no_sync() if micro_i < GRAD_ACCUM - 1 else contextlib.nullcontext()
        with sync_ctx:
            with torch.autocast(device_type="cuda", dtype=torch.bfloat16):
                _, loss = model(x, y)
                loss = loss / GRAD_ACCUM
            loss.backward()
        accum_loss += loss.item()
        del x, y, loss

    grad_norm = torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), GRAD_CLIP)

    if not math.isfinite(accum_loss) or not torch.isfinite(grad_norm):
        if IS_MAIN:
            log(f"⚠️ NaN/Inf loss or grad norm at step {step}! Skipping optimizer step.")
        optimizer.zero_grad(set_to_none=True)
        continue

    optimizer.step()

    if IS_MAIN and step % 10 == 0:
        if step == start_step:
            t0 = time.time()
            mem_alloc = torch.cuda.memory_allocated(DEVICE) / 1e9
            mem_reserved = torch.cuda.memory_reserved(DEVICE) / 1e9
            log(f"step {step:5d}/{end_step} | loss {accum_loss:.4f} | lr {lr:.2e} | Calibrating speed... | "
                f"mem alloc={mem_alloc:.2f}GB reserved={mem_reserved:.2f}GB")
        else:
            dt = time.time() - t0
            tok_s = (MICRO_BATCH * GRAD_ACCUM * CONTEXT_LEN * world_size * 10) / dt if dt > 0 else 0
            ema_tok_s = tok_s if ema_tok_s is None else 0.7 * ema_tok_s + 0.3 * tok_s
            t0 = time.time()
            mem_alloc = torch.cuda.memory_allocated(DEVICE) / 1e9
            mem_reserved = torch.cuda.memory_reserved(DEVICE) / 1e9
            steps_done = step - start_step
            if steps_done > 0:
                elapsed = time.time() - global_t0
                eta_s = elapsed / steps_done * (end_step - step)
                eta_str = f"{eta_s/60:.0f}min" if eta_s < 3600 else f"{eta_s/3600:.1f}hr"
            else:
                eta_str = "..."
            log(f"step {step:5d}/{end_step} | loss {accum_loss:.4f} | lr {lr:.2e} | {ema_tok_s:.0f} tok/s | "
                f"ETA {eta_str} | mem alloc={mem_alloc:.2f}GB reserved={mem_reserved:.2f}GB")

    if step > start_step and step % EMPTY_CACHE_EVERY == 0:
        pass # torch.cuda.empty_cache() hata diya taaki speed slow na ho

    if step > start_step and step % ROTATE_EVERY == 0:
        shard_pool.rotate_one()

    if step > start_step and step % EVAL_EVERY == 0:
        val_loss = evaluate()
        if IS_MAIN and val_loss is not None:
            log(f"step {step} | val_loss {val_loss:.4f}")
            if best_val_loss is None or val_loss < best_val_loss:
                best_val_loss = val_loss
                # User requested not to save/upload ckpt_best.pt to save time
                # save_checkpoint(model.module._orig_mod if hasattr(model.module, '_orig_mod') else model.module, 
                #                 optimizer, step, val_loss, "ckpt_best.pt")

    if step > start_step and step % SAVE_EVERY == 0:
        dist.barrier()
        if IS_MAIN:
            # Save latest checkpoint (with optimizer, 5GB)
            save_checkpoint(model.module._orig_mod if hasattr(model.module, '_orig_mod') else model.module, 
                            optimizer, step, val_loss if val_loss is not None else -1, "ckpt_latest.pt")

dist.barrier()
final_val = evaluate()
if IS_MAIN:
    wait_for_uploads()
    save_checkpoint(model.module._orig_mod if hasattr(model.module, '_orig_mod') else model.module, 
                    optimizer, end_step, final_val if final_val is not None else -1, "ckpt_latest.pt", blocking=True)
if IS_MAIN:
    log(f"\n500M Training complete! Final val_loss: {final_val if final_val is not None else -1:.4f}")

dist.destroy_process_group()