Text Generation
Transformers
Safetensors
English
slm
arithmetic
math
causal-lm
custom_code
Eval Results (legacy)
Instructions to use WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.
- Libraries
- Transformers
How to use WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM with Transformers:
# Use a pipeline as a high-level helper from transformers import pipeline pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model="WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM", trust_remote_code=True)# Load model directly from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM", trust_remote_code=True, device_map="auto") - Notebooks
- Google Colab
- Kaggle
- Local Apps Settings
- vLLM
How to use WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM with vLLM:
Install from pip and serve model
# Install vLLM from pip: pip install vllm # Start the vLLM server: vllm serve "WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM" # Call the server using curl (OpenAI-compatible API): curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/v1/completions" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ --data '{ "model": "WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM", "prompt": "Once upon a time,", "max_tokens": 512, "temperature": 0.5 }'Use Docker
docker model run hf.co/WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM
- SGLang
How to use WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM with SGLang:
Install from pip and serve model
# Install SGLang from pip: pip install sglang # Start the SGLang server: python3 -m sglang.launch_server \ --model-path "WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM" \ --host 0.0.0.0 \ --port 30000 # Call the server using curl (OpenAI-compatible API): curl -X POST "http://localhost:30000/v1/completions" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ --data '{ "model": "WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM", "prompt": "Once upon a time,", "max_tokens": 512, "temperature": 0.5 }'Use Docker images
docker run --gpus all \ --shm-size 32g \ -p 30000:30000 \ -v ~/.cache/huggingface:/root/.cache/huggingface \ --env "HF_TOKEN=<secret>" \ --ipc=host \ lmsysorg/sglang:latest \ python3 -m sglang.launch_server \ --model-path "WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM" \ --host 0.0.0.0 \ --port 30000 # Call the server using curl (OpenAI-compatible API): curl -X POST "http://localhost:30000/v1/completions" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ --data '{ "model": "WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM", "prompt": "Once upon a time,", "max_tokens": 512, "temperature": 0.5 }' - Docker Model Runner
How to use WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM with Docker Model Runner:
docker model run hf.co/WhirlwindAI/Arithmetic-SLM
Update README.md
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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| 1 |
---
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| 2 |
license: apache-2.0
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| 3 |
+
language:
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+
- en
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+
tags:
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+
- slm
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- arithmetic
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- math
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- causal-lm
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- text-generation
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| 11 |
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- custom_code
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| 12 |
+
- safetensors
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| 13 |
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library_name: transformers
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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+
model-index:
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- name: Arithmetic-SLM
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results:
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- task:
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type: text-generation
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name: Arithmetic continuation
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dataset:
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type: AxiomicLabs/ArithMark-2.0
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name: ArithMark-2
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metrics:
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- type: accuracy
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| 28 |
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name: Overall
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| 29 |
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value: 78.60
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| 30 |
---
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+
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+
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| 33 |
+

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# Arithmetic-SLM
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+
Arithmetic-SLM is a small language model specialized for arithmetic continuation. It is designed to be highly efficient on numerical operations with mostly two-digit numbers in patterns such as:
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```text
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a op b op c op d
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```
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| 42 |
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where:
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| 44 |
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| 45 |
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```text
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op = +, -, *, /
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| 47 |
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```
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The goal is not to make a general chatbot. The goal is to train a compact model that can learn arithmetic patterns, operator priority, parentheses, and numerical continuation with very few parameters.
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| 50 |
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| 51 |
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| 52 |
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## Scores
|
| 53 |
+
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| 54 |
+
<div align="center">
|
| 55 |
+
|
| 56 |
+
<table>
|
| 57 |
+
<tr>
|
| 58 |
+
<th align="center">Model</th>
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| 59 |
+
<th align="center">Parameters</th>
|
| 60 |
+
<th align="center">Overall Score</th>
|
| 61 |
+
</tr>
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| 62 |
+
<tr>
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| 63 |
+
<td align="center"><code>Qwen/Qwen2.5-Math-1.5B</code></td>
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| 64 |
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<td align="center">1.54B</td>
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| 65 |
+
<td align="center"><strong>82.08%</strong></td>
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| 66 |
+
</tr>
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| 67 |
+
<tr>
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| 68 |
+
<td align="center"><code>PhysiQuanty/Arithmetic-SLM</code></td>
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| 69 |
+
<td align="center">31.70M</td>
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| 70 |
+
<td align="center"><strong>78.60%</strong></td>
|
| 71 |
+
</tr>
|
| 72 |
+
<tr>
|
| 73 |
+
<td align="center"><code>Qwen/Qwen2.5-3B</code></td>
|
| 74 |
+
<td align="center">3.09B</td>
|
| 75 |
+
<td align="center">78.44%</td>
|
| 76 |
+
</tr>
|
| 77 |
+
<tr>
|
| 78 |
+
<td align="center"><code>Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B</code></td>
|
| 79 |
+
<td align="center">1.54B</td>
|
| 80 |
+
<td align="center">77.72%</td>
|
| 81 |
+
</tr>
|
| 82 |
+
<tr>
|
| 83 |
+
<td align="center"><code>Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-1.5B</code></td>
|
| 84 |
+
<td align="center">1.54B</td>
|
| 85 |
+
<td align="center">74.88%</td>
|
| 86 |
+
</tr>
|
| 87 |
+
<tr>
|
| 88 |
+
<td align="center"><code>HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-1.7B</code></td>
|
| 89 |
+
<td align="center">1.71B</td>
|
| 90 |
+
<td align="center">66.12%</td>
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| 91 |
+
</tr>
|
| 92 |
+
<tr>
|
| 93 |
+
<td align="center"><code>Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B</code></td>
|
| 94 |
+
<td align="center">494M</td>
|
| 95 |
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<td align="center">63.04%</td>
|
| 96 |
+
</tr>
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| 97 |
+
<tr>
|
| 98 |
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<td align="center"><code>facebook/MobileLLM-R1-140M-base</code></td>
|
| 99 |
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<td align="center">140M</td>
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| 100 |
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<td align="center">53.88%</td>
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| 101 |
+
</tr>
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| 102 |
+
<tr>
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| 103 |
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<td align="center"><code>SupraLabs/Supra-50M-Base</code></td>
|
| 104 |
+
<td align="center">52M</td>
|
| 105 |
+
<td align="center">27.12%</td>
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| 106 |
+
</tr>
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</table>
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+
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</div>
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## Calculation Patterns
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### 1. Single operation
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```text
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59 + 45 = 104
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26 - 2 = 24
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| 118 |
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12 * 7 = 84
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| 119 |
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84 / 12 = 7
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```
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| 122 |
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### 2. Two operations without parentheses
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```text
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16 + 4 * 3 = 28
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95 - 8 * 0 = 95
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| 127 |
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84 / 12 - 3 = 4
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| 128 |
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```
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| 129 |
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| 130 |
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### 3. Two operations with parentheses
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```text
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(16 / 4) + 44 = 48
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(10 + 28) * 3 = 114
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1 * (16 + 28) = 44
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```
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| 138 |
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### 4. Three operations without parentheses
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```text
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| 141 |
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3 * 9 + 12 / 1 = 39
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| 142 |
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60 + 49 - 18 + 8 = 99
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| 143 |
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43 + 10 * 2 - 8 = 55
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| 144 |
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```
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| 145 |
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| 146 |
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### 5. Three operations with parentheses
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| 147 |
+
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| 148 |
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```text
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| 149 |
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(132 / 12) + (46 - 15) = 42
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| 150 |
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(46 + 34) - (1 + 7) = 72
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| 151 |
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(21 + 27) * (14 - 7) = 336
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| 152 |
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```
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| 153 |
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### 6. Decimal arithmetic
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| 155 |
+
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| 156 |
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```text
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| 157 |
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0.5 * 0.5 = 0.25
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| 158 |
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1 / 10 = 0.1
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| 159 |
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7 / 2 = 3.5
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| 160 |
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```
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| 161 |
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| 162 |
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## Example Outputs with `inference.py`
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| 163 |
+
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| 164 |
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### Example 1 — Raw arithmetic prompt
|
| 165 |
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| 166 |
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```bash
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| 167 |
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python3 inference.py \
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| 168 |
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--model PhysiQuanty/Arithmetic-SLM \
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--prompt "59 + 45 =" \
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| 170 |
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--max-new-tokens 32 \
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| 171 |
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--temperature 0.6 \
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--top-k 50 \
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--top-p 0.97 \
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| 174 |
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--print-full
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```
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| 176 |
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Expected style:
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| 178 |
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| 179 |
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```text
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| 180 |
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59 + 45 = 104
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| 181 |
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```
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| 182 |
+
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| 183 |
+
### Example 2 — Production `/no think` format
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| 184 |
+
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```bash
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python3 inference.py \
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--model PhysiQuanty/Arithmetic-SLM \
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--prompt "0.5 * 0.5 =" \
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--no-think \
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--max-new-tokens 48 \
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--temperature 0.6 \
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| 192 |
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--top-k 50 \
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--top-p 0.97 \
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| 194 |
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--repetition-penalty 1 \
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| 195 |
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--frequency-penalty 0.0 \
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| 196 |
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--no-repeat-ngram-size 0 \
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| 197 |
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--seed -1 \
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| 198 |
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--print-full
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| 199 |
+
```
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| 200 |
+
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| 201 |
+
Example output:
|
| 202 |
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```text
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| 204 |
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[IM_START]user
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| 205 |
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0.5 * 0.5 = /no think[IM_END]
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| 206 |
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[IM_START]assistant
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<think>
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| 208 |
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</think>
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0.5 * 0.5 = 0.25[IM_END]
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| 210 |
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```
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| 211 |
+
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### Example 3 — Operator priority
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| 213 |
+
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| 214 |
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```bash
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| 215 |
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python3 inference.py \
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| 216 |
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--model PhysiQuanty/Arithmetic-SLM \
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| 217 |
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--prompt "8 * 5 + 4 / 4 =" \
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| 218 |
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--no-think \
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| 219 |
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--max-new-tokens 48 \
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| 220 |
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--temperature 0.6 \
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| 221 |
+
--top-k 50 \
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| 222 |
+
--top-p 0.97 \
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| 223 |
+
--print-full
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| 224 |
+
```
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| 225 |
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|
| 226 |
+
Expected style:
|
| 227 |
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|
| 228 |
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```text
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| 229 |
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8 * 5 + 4 / 4 = 41
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| 230 |
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```
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| 231 |
+
|
| 232 |
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### Example 4 — Parentheses
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| 233 |
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| 234 |
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```bash
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| 235 |
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python3 inference.py \
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| 236 |
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--model PhysiQuanty/Arithmetic-SLM \
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| 237 |
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--prompt "(85 - 45) + 56 =" \
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| 238 |
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--no-think \
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| 239 |
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--max-new-tokens 48 \
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| 240 |
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--temperature 0.5 \
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| 241 |
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--top-k 40 \
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| 242 |
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--top-p 0.95 \
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| 243 |
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--print-full
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| 244 |
+
```
|
| 245 |
+
|
| 246 |
+
Expected style:
|
| 247 |
+
|
| 248 |
+
```text
|
| 249 |
+
(85 - 45) + 56 = 96
|
| 250 |
+
```
|
| 251 |
+
|
| 252 |
+
### Example 5 — Three-operation expression
|
| 253 |
+
|
| 254 |
+
```bash
|
| 255 |
+
python3 inference.py \
|
| 256 |
+
--model PhysiQuanty/Arithmetic-SLM \
|
| 257 |
+
--prompt "3 * 9 + 12 / 1 =" \
|
| 258 |
+
--no-think \
|
| 259 |
+
--max-new-tokens 48 \
|
| 260 |
+
--temperature 0.4 \
|
| 261 |
+
--top-k 20 \
|
| 262 |
+
--top-p 0.85 \
|
| 263 |
+
--print-full
|
| 264 |
+
```
|
| 265 |
+
|
| 266 |
+
Expected style:
|
| 267 |
+
|
| 268 |
+
```text
|
| 269 |
+
3 * 9 + 12 / 1 = 39
|
| 270 |
+
```
|
| 271 |
+
|
| 272 |
+
### Example 6 — BOS/EOS base mode for base models
|
| 273 |
+
|
| 274 |
+
Use this mode for base models that were not trained with the Qwen-style `[IM_START]user ... /no think[IM_END]` format.
|
| 275 |
+
|
| 276 |
+
```bash
|
| 277 |
+
python3 inference.py \
|
| 278 |
+
--model Supra-50M-Base-local \
|
| 279 |
+
--prompt "8 * 5 + 4 / 4 =" \
|
| 280 |
+
--no-qwen-format \
|
| 281 |
+
--max-new-tokens 32 \
|
| 282 |
+
--temperature 0.6 \
|
| 283 |
+
--top-k 50 \
|
| 284 |
+
--top-p 0.97 \
|
| 285 |
+
--repetition-penalty 1 \
|
| 286 |
+
--frequency-penalty 0.0 \
|
| 287 |
+
--no-repeat-ngram-size 0 \
|
| 288 |
+
--seed -1 \
|
| 289 |
+
--print-full
|
| 290 |
+
```
|
| 291 |
+
|
| 292 |
+
## Next Research Directions
|
| 293 |
+
|
| 294 |
+
We will continue improving our dataset engineering, but more importantly, we want to teach the model what most models are never explicitly taught:
|
| 295 |
+
|
| 296 |
+
- **Binary calculation:** Neural Application Binary Interface, or **NABI**, with 16-bit numerical structures, including floats.
|
| 297 |
+
- **FP16 to base-65k conversion:** a `float16` value is represented by 2 bytes, meaning 65,536 possible bit patterns. Base 65,536 also contains 65,536 possible integer values, making exact bit-level mapping possible.
|
| 298 |
+
- **Dot-product learning:** explicit learning of scalar products on `float16` vectors with 16, 8, 4, and 2 dimensions.
|
| 299 |
+
- **Learning the dynamics of its own learning:** training the model to predict its own weights and gradients over time, including its own gradient descent dynamics.
|
| 300 |
+
|
| 301 |
+
This project does not claim to be a revolution.
|
| 302 |
+
|
| 303 |
+
It is an experiment in making small models learn precise arithmetic, numerical structure, and eventually parts of their own learning dynamics.
|
| 304 |
+
|
| 305 |
+
**By Science AND FOR SCIENCE <3**
|