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README.md
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tags:
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- generated_from_keras_callback
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model-index:
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- name: primary_outcome_extraction
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results: []
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---
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It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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## Model description
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More information needed
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- optimizer: None
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- training_precision: float32
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### Framework versions
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<h1>Model description</h1>
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This is a fine-tuned BioBERT model for extracting primary outcomes from articles reporting clinical trials.
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This is the second version of the model; the original model development was reported in:
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Anna Koroleva, Sanjay Kamath, Patrick Paroubek. Extracting primary and reported outcomes from articles reporting randomized controlled trials using pre-trained deep language representations. Preprint: https://easychair.org/publications/preprint/qpml
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The original work was conducted within the scope of the Assisted authoring for avoiding inadequate claims in scientific reporting PhD project of the Methods for Research on Research (MiRoR, http://miror-ejd.eu/) program.
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Model creator: Anna Koroleva
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<h1>Intended uses & limitations</h1>
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The model is intended to be used for extracting primary outcomes from texts of clinical trials.
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The main limitation is that the model was trained on a fairly small (2000 sentences) sample of data annotated by a single annotator. Annotating more data or involvig more annotators was not possiblw within the PhD project.
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Another possible issue with the model use if the complex nature of outcomes: a typical description of an outcome can include the outcome name, measurement tool, timepoints, e.g. "Health-Related Quality of Life at 12 months, measured using the Assessment of Quality of Life instrument". Ideally, this should be broken into 3 separate entities ("Health-Related Quality of Life" - outcome", "at 12 months" - timepoint", "the Assessment of Quality of Life instrument" - measurement tool), and relation between the three should be extracted to capture all the outcome-related information. However, in our annotation we annotated this type of examples as a sinale outcome entity.
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<h1>How to use</h1>
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The model should be used with the BioBERT tokeniser. A sample code for getting model predictions is below:
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```
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import numpy as np
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer
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from transformers import AutoModelForTokenClassification
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from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('dmis-lab/biobert-v1.1')
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model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained(r'aakorolyova/primary_outcome_extraction')
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text = 'Primary endpoints were overall survival in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) of 10 or more, and overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, PD-L1 CPS of 10 or more, and in all randomised patients.'
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encoded_input = tokenizer(text, padding=True, truncation=True, max_length=2000, return_tensors='pt')
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output = model(**encoded_input)['logits']
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output = np.argmax(output.detach().numpy(), axis=2)
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print(output)
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```
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Some more useful functions can be found in or Github repository: https://github.com/aakorolyova/DeSpin-2.0
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<h1>Training data</h1>
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Training data can be found in https://github.com/aakorolyova/DeSpin-2.0/tree/main/data/Primary_Outcomes
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<h1>Training procedure</h1>
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The model was fine-tuned using Huggingface Trainer API. Training scripts can be found in https://github.com/aakorolyova/DeSpin-2.0
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<h1>Evaluation</h1>
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Precision: 74.41%
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Recall: 88.7%
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F1: 80.93%
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