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license: apache-2.0
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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metrics:
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- mse
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tags:
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- Timeseries
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- Forecasting
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- Energy
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---
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# W-LSTMix: A Hybrid Modular Forecasting Framework for Trend and Pattern Learning in Short-Term Load Forecasting
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**W-LSTMix** is a lightweight, modular hybrid forecasting model designed for building-level load forecasting across diverse building types. With approximately **0.13 million parameters**, W-LSTMix combines:
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- **Wavelet-based signal decomposition**
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- **N-BEATS** for ensemble forecasting
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- **LSTM** for gated memory
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- **MLP-Mixer** for efficient patch-wise mixing
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This model achieves high forecasting accuracy with a minimal computational footprint.
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## π Features
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- Hybrid Architecture Combining N-BEATS, LSTM and MLP-Mixer
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- Lightweight: ~0.13M parameters and Edge-Deployable
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- Modular design for flexible adaptation
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- Effective generalization across building types
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- Zero-shot capabilities
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## π Real-World Building Datasets
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This model is trained on large-scale **real-world building energy datasets** from commercial and residential domains, collected from multiple countries.
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| Dataset | Location | Type | # Buildings | # Observations | Years |
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|-----------|--------------|-------------|-------------|----------------|-------------|
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| IBlend | India | Commercial | 9 | 296,357 | 2013β2017 |
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| Enernoc | USA | Commercial | 100 | 877,728 | 2012 |
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| NEST | Switzerland | Residential | 1 | 34,715 | 2019β2023 |
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| Ireland | Ireland | Residential | 20 | 174,398 | 2020 |
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| MFRED | USA | Residential | 26 | 227,622 | 2019 |
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| CEEW | India | Residential | 84 | 923,897 | 2019β2021 |
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| SMART* | USA | Residential | 114 | 958,998 | 2016 |
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| Prayas | India | Residential | 116 | 1,536,409 | 2018β2020 |
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| NEEA | USA | Residential | 192 | 2,922,289 | 2018β2020 |
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| SGSC | Australia | Residential | 13,735 | 172,277,213 | 2011β2014 |
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| GoiEner | Spain | Residential | 25,559 | 632,313,933 | 2014β2022 |
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**Total: 39,956 buildings and 812M+ hourly observations**
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> β οΈ These datasets are used under their respective terms/licenses for academic research only.
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## π Comparative Evaluation
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We benchmark **W-LSTMix** against state-of-the-art Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) and N-BEATS under two broad settings: zero-shot and fine-tuning.
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Please refer to the publication for a detailed summary of the results.
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> **W-LSTMix: A Hybrid Modular Forecasting Framework for Trend and Pattern Learning in Short-Term Load Forecasting**
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> *Shivam Dwivedi, Anuj Kumar, Harish Kumar Saravanan, Pandarasamy Arjunan*
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> In *Proceedings of the 1st ICML Workshop on Foundation Models for Structured Data, Vancouver, Canada. 2025*
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> [https://openreview.net/pdf?id=bG04Z3Jioc](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=bG04Z3Jioc)
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To know more about W-LSTMix, please regfer to the official [Github](https://github.com/AI-IoT-Lab/W-LSTMix.git) repository.
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