Update miner.py

miner.py

@@ -1,644 +1,644 @@
-from pathlib import Path
-import math
-
-import cv2
-import numpy as np
-import onnxruntime as ort
-from numpy import ndarray
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-
-
-class BoundingBox(BaseModel):
-    x1: int
-    y1: int
-    x2: int
-    y2: int
-    cls_id: int
-    conf: float
-
-
-class TVFrameResult(BaseModel):
-    frame_id: int
-    boxes: list[BoundingBox]
-    keypoints: list[tuple[int, int]]
-
-
-class Miner:
-    def __init__(self,
-        path_hf_repo: Path,
-        conf_thres: float = 0.18,
-        conf_high: float = 0.56,
-        iou_thres: float = 0.48,
-        tta_match_iou: float = 0.64,
-        max_det: int = 150,
-        min_box_area: int = 14 * 14,
-        min_w: int = 8,
-        min_h: int = 8,
-        max_aspect_ratio: float = 7.0,
-        max_box_area_ratio: float = 0.8,
-    ) -> None:
-        model_path = path_hf_repo / "weights.onnx"
-
-        self.class_names = ['bus', 'car', 'truck', 'motorcycle']
-        model_class_order = ['truck', 'car', 'bus', 'motorcycle']
-        self._train_cls_to_canonical = np.array(
-            [self.class_names.index(n) for n in model_class_order],
-            dtype=np.int32
-        )
-        print("ORT version:", ort.__version__)
-
-        try:
-            ort.preload_dlls()
-            print("✅ onnxruntime.preload_dlls() success")
-        except Exception as e:
-            print(f"⚠️ preload_dlls failed: {e}")
-
-        print("ORT available providers BEFORE session:", ort.get_available_providers())
-
-        sess_options = ort.SessionOptions()
-        sess_options.graph_optimization_level = ort.GraphOptimizationLevel.ORT_ENABLE_ALL
-
-        try:
-            self.session = ort.InferenceSession(
-                str(model_path),
-                sess_options=sess_options,
-                providers=["CUDAExecutionProvider", "CPUExecutionProvider"],
-            )
-            print("✅ Created ORT session with preferred CUDA provider list")
-        except Exception as e:
-            print(f"⚠️ CUDA session creation failed, falling back to CPU: {e}")
-            self.session = ort.InferenceSession(
-                str(model_path),
-                sess_options=sess_options,
-                providers=["CPUExecutionProvider"],
-            )
-
-        print("ORT session providers:", self.session.get_providers())
-
-        for inp in self.session.get_inputs():
-            print("INPUT:", inp.name, inp.shape, inp.type)
-
-        for out in self.session.get_outputs():
-            print("OUTPUT:", out.name, out.shape, out.type)
-
-        self.input_name = self.session.get_inputs()[0].name
-        self.output_names = [output.name for output in self.session.get_outputs()]
-        self.input_shape = self.session.get_inputs()[0].shape
-
-        self.input_height = self._safe_dim(self.input_shape[2], default=1280)
-        self.input_width = self._safe_dim(self.input_shape[3], default=1280)
-
-        # ---------- Scoring-oriented thresholds ----------
-        # Low threshold for candidate generation
-        self.conf_thres = conf_thres
-
-        # High-confidence boxes can survive without TTA confirmation
-        self.conf_high = conf_high
-
-        # NMS threshold
-        self.iou_thres = iou_thres
-
-        # TTA confirmation IoU
-        self.tta_match_iou = tta_match_iou
-
-        self.max_det = max_det
-        self.use_tta = True
-
-        # Box sanity filters
-        self.min_box_area = min_box_area
-        self.min_w = min_w
-        self.min_h = min_h
-        self.max_aspect_ratio = max_aspect_ratio
-        self.max_box_area_ratio = max_box_area_ratio
-
-        print(f"✅ ONNX model loaded from: {model_path}")
-        print(f"✅ ONNX providers: {self.session.get_providers()}")
-        print(f"✅ ONNX input: name={self.input_name}, shape={self.input_shape}")
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return (
-            f"ONNXRuntime(session={type(self.session).__name__}, "
-            f"providers={self.session.get_providers()})"
-        )
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _safe_dim(value, default: int) -> int:
-        return value if isinstance(value, int) and value > 0 else default
-
-    def _remap_train_cls_ids(self, cls_ids: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
-        idx = np.clip(cls_ids.astype(np.int64, copy=False), 0, len(self._train_cls_to_canonical) - 1)
-        return self._train_cls_to_canonical[idx]
-
-    def _letterbox(
-        self,
-        image: ndarray,
-        new_shape: tuple[int, int],
-        color=(114, 114, 114),
-    ) -> tuple[ndarray, float, tuple[float, float]]:
-        h, w = image.shape[:2]
-        new_w, new_h = new_shape
-
-        ratio = min(new_w / w, new_h / h)
-        resized_w = int(round(w * ratio))
-        resized_h = int(round(h * ratio))
-
-        if (resized_w, resized_h) != (w, h):
-            interp = cv2.INTER_CUBIC if ratio > 1.0 else cv2.INTER_LINEAR
-            image = cv2.resize(image, (resized_w, resized_h), interpolation=interp)
-
-        dw = new_w - resized_w
-        dh = new_h - resized_h
-        dw /= 2.0
-        dh /= 2.0
-
-        left = int(round(dw - 0.1))
-        right = int(round(dw + 0.1))
-        top = int(round(dh - 0.1))
-        bottom = int(round(dh + 0.1))
-
-        padded = cv2.copyMakeBorder(
-            image,
-            top,
-            bottom,
-            left,
-            right,
-            borderType=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,
-            value=color,
-        )
-        return padded, ratio, (dw, dh)
-
-    def _preprocess(
-        self, image: ndarray
-    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, float, tuple[float, float], tuple[int, int]]:
-        orig_h, orig_w = image.shape[:2]
-
-        img, ratio, pad = self._letterbox(
-            image, (self.input_width, self.input_height)
-        )
-        img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
-        img = img.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
-        img = np.transpose(img, (2, 0, 1))[None, ...]
-        img = np.ascontiguousarray(img, dtype=np.float32)
-
-        return img, ratio, pad, (orig_w, orig_h)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _clip_boxes(boxes: np.ndarray, image_size: tuple[int, int]) -> np.ndarray:
-        w, h = image_size
-        boxes[:, 0] = np.clip(boxes[:, 0], 0, w - 1)
-        boxes[:, 1] = np.clip(boxes[:, 1], 0, h - 1)
-        boxes[:, 2] = np.clip(boxes[:, 2], 0, w - 1)
-        boxes[:, 3] = np.clip(boxes[:, 3], 0, h - 1)
-        return boxes
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _xywh_to_xyxy(boxes: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
-        out = np.empty_like(boxes)
-        out[:, 0] = boxes[:, 0] - boxes[:, 2] / 2.0
-        out[:, 1] = boxes[:, 1] - boxes[:, 3] / 2.0
-        out[:, 2] = boxes[:, 0] + boxes[:, 2] / 2.0
-        out[:, 3] = boxes[:, 1] + boxes[:, 3] / 2.0
-        return out
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _hard_nms(
-        boxes: np.ndarray,
-        scores: np.ndarray,
-        iou_thresh: float,
-    ) -> np.ndarray:
-        if len(boxes) == 0:
-            return np.array([], dtype=np.intp)
-
-        boxes = np.asarray(boxes, dtype=np.float32)
-        scores = np.asarray(scores, dtype=np.float32)
-        order = np.argsort(scores)[::-1]
-        keep = []
-
-        while len(order) > 0:
-            i = order[0]
-            keep.append(i)
-            if len(order) == 1:
-                break
-
-            rest = order[1:]
-
-            xx1 = np.maximum(boxes[i, 0], boxes[rest, 0])
-            yy1 = np.maximum(boxes[i, 1], boxes[rest, 1])
-            xx2 = np.minimum(boxes[i, 2], boxes[rest, 2])
-            yy2 = np.minimum(boxes[i, 3], boxes[rest, 3])
-
-            inter = np.maximum(0.0, xx2 - xx1) * np.maximum(0.0, yy2 - yy1)
-
-            area_i = np.maximum(0.0, (boxes[i, 2] - boxes[i, 0])) * np.maximum(0.0, (boxes[i, 3] - boxes[i, 1]))
-            area_r = np.maximum(0.0, (boxes[rest, 2] - boxes[rest, 0])) * np.maximum(0.0, (boxes[rest, 3] - boxes[rest, 1]))
-
-            iou = inter / (area_i + area_r - inter + 1e-7)
-            order = rest[iou <= iou_thresh]
-
-        return np.array(keep, dtype=np.intp)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _nms_per_class(
-        cls,
-        boxes: np.ndarray,
-        scores: np.ndarray,
-        cls_ids: np.ndarray,
-        iou_thresh: float,
-        max_det: int,
-    ) -> np.ndarray:
-        """NMS within each class so overlapping car vs bus predictions are not merged away."""
-        if len(boxes) == 0:
-            return np.array([], dtype=np.intp)
-        keep_all: list[int] = []
-        for c in np.unique(cls_ids):
-            idxs = np.nonzero(cls_ids == c)[0]
-            if len(idxs) == 0:
-                continue
-            local_keep = cls._hard_nms(boxes[idxs], scores[idxs], iou_thresh)
-            keep_all.extend(idxs[local_keep].tolist())
-        keep_all = np.array(keep_all, dtype=np.intp)
-        order = np.argsort(scores[keep_all])[::-1]
-        return keep_all[order[:max_det]]
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _box_iou_one_to_many(box: np.ndarray, boxes: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
-        xx1 = np.maximum(box[0], boxes[:, 0])
-        yy1 = np.maximum(box[1], boxes[:, 1])
-        xx2 = np.minimum(box[2], boxes[:, 2])
-        yy2 = np.minimum(box[3], boxes[:, 3])
-
-        inter = np.maximum(0.0, xx2 - xx1) * np.maximum(0.0, yy2 - yy1)
-
-        area_a = max(0.0, (box[2] - box[0]) * (box[3] - box[1]))
-        area_b = np.maximum(0.0, boxes[:, 2] - boxes[:, 0]) * np.maximum(0.0, boxes[:, 3] - boxes[:, 1])
-
-        return inter / (area_a + area_b - inter + 1e-7)
-
-    def _filter_sane_boxes(
-        self,
-        boxes: np.ndarray,
-        scores: np.ndarray,
-        cls_ids: np.ndarray,
-        orig_size: tuple[int, int],
-    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
-        if len(boxes) == 0:
-            return boxes, scores, cls_ids
-
-        orig_w, orig_h = orig_size
-        image_area = float(orig_w * orig_h)
-
-        keep = []
-        for i, box in enumerate(boxes):
-            x1, y1, x2, y2 = box.tolist()
-            bw = x2 - x1
-            bh = y2 - y1
-
-            if bw <= 0 or bh <= 0:
-                continue
-            if bw < self.min_w or bh < self.min_h:
-                continue
-
-            area = bw * bh
-            if area < self.min_box_area:
-                continue
-            if area > self.max_box_area_ratio * image_area:
-                continue
-
-            ar = max(bw / max(bh, 1e-6), bh / max(bw, 1e-6))
-            if ar > self.max_aspect_ratio:
-                continue
-
-            keep.append(i)
-
-        if not keep:
-            return (
-                np.empty((0, 4), dtype=np.float32),
-                np.empty((0,), dtype=np.float32),
-                np.empty((0,), dtype=np.int32),
-            )
-
-        keep = np.array(keep, dtype=np.intp)
-        return boxes[keep], scores[keep], cls_ids[keep]
-
-    def _decode_final_dets(
-        self,
-        preds: np.ndarray,
-        ratio: float,
-        pad: tuple[float, float],
-        orig_size: tuple[int, int],
-    ) -> list[BoundingBox]:
-        if preds.ndim == 3 and preds.shape[0] == 1:
-            preds = preds[0]
-
-        if preds.ndim != 2 or preds.shape[1] < 6:
-            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected ONNX final-det output shape: {preds.shape}")
-
-        boxes = preds[:, :4].astype(np.float32)
-        scores = preds[:, 4].astype(np.float32)
-        cls_ids = self._remap_train_cls_ids(preds[:, 5].astype(np.int32))
-        # All trained vehicle classes: bus, car, truck, motorcycle (see self.class_names).
-
-        # candidate threshold
-        keep = scores >= self.conf_thres
-        boxes = boxes[keep]
-        scores = scores[keep]
-        cls_ids = cls_ids[keep]
-
-        if len(boxes) == 0:
-            return []
-
-        pad_w, pad_h = pad
-        orig_w, orig_h = orig_size
-
-        boxes[:, [0, 2]] -= pad_w
-        boxes[:, [1, 3]] -= pad_h
-        boxes /= ratio
-        boxes = self._clip_boxes(boxes, (orig_w, orig_h))
-
-        boxes, scores, cls_ids = self._filter_sane_boxes(boxes, scores, cls_ids, orig_size)
-        if len(boxes) == 0:
-            return []
-
-        keep_idx = self._nms_per_class(
-            boxes, scores, cls_ids, self.iou_thres, self.max_det
-        )
-
-        boxes = boxes[keep_idx]
-        scores = scores[keep_idx]
-        cls_ids = cls_ids[keep_idx]
-
-        return [
-            BoundingBox(
-                x1=int(math.floor(box[0])),
-                y1=int(math.floor(box[1])),
-                x2=int(math.ceil(box[2])),
-                y2=int(math.ceil(box[3])),
-                cls_id=int(cls_id),
-                conf=float(conf),
-            )
-            for box, conf, cls_id in zip(boxes, scores, cls_ids)
-            if box[2] > box[0] and box[3] > box[1]
-        ]
-
-    def _decode_raw_yolo(
-        self,
-        preds: np.ndarray,
-        ratio: float,
-        pad: tuple[float, float],
-        orig_size: tuple[int, int],
-    ) -> list[BoundingBox]:
-        if preds.ndim != 3:
-            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected raw ONNX output shape: {preds.shape}")
-        if preds.shape[0] != 1:
-            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected batch dimension in raw output: {preds.shape}")
-
-        preds = preds[0]
-
-        # Normalize to [N, C]
-        if preds.shape[0] <= 16 and preds.shape[1] > preds.shape[0]:
-            preds = preds.T
-
-        if preds.ndim != 2 or preds.shape[1] < 5:
-            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected normalized raw output shape: {preds.shape}")
-
-        boxes_xywh = preds[:, :4].astype(np.float32)
-        tail = preds[:, 4:].astype(np.float32)
-
-        # Supports:
-        # [x,y,w,h,score]                 single-class
-        # [x,y,w,h,obj,cls]               YOLO standard single-class
-        # [x,y,w,h,obj,cls1,cls2,...]     multi-class
-        if tail.shape[1] == 1:
-            scores = tail[:, 0]
-            cls_ids = np.zeros(len(scores), dtype=np.int32)
-        elif tail.shape[1] == 2:
-            obj = tail[:, 0]
-            cls_prob = tail[:, 1]
-            scores = obj * cls_prob
-            cls_ids = np.zeros(len(scores), dtype=np.int32)
-        else:
-            obj = tail[:, 0]
-            class_probs = tail[:, 1:]
-            cls_ids = np.argmax(class_probs, axis=1).astype(np.int32)
-            cls_scores = class_probs[np.arange(len(class_probs)), cls_ids]
-            scores = obj * cls_scores
-
-        cls_ids = self._remap_train_cls_ids(cls_ids)
-
-        keep = scores >= self.conf_thres
-        boxes_xywh = boxes_xywh[keep]
-        scores = scores[keep]
-        cls_ids = cls_ids[keep]
-
-        if len(boxes_xywh) == 0:
-            return []
-
-        boxes = self._xywh_to_xyxy(boxes_xywh)
-
-        pad_w, pad_h = pad
-        orig_w, orig_h = orig_size
-
-        boxes[:, [0, 2]] -= pad_w
-        boxes[:, [1, 3]] -= pad_h
-        boxes /= ratio
-        boxes = self._clip_boxes(boxes, (orig_w, orig_h))
-
-        boxes, scores, cls_ids = self._filter_sane_boxes(boxes, scores, cls_ids, orig_size)
-        if len(boxes) == 0:
-            return []
-
-        keep_idx = self._nms_per_class(
-            boxes, scores, cls_ids, self.iou_thres, self.max_det
-        )
-
-        boxes = boxes[keep_idx]
-        scores = scores[keep_idx]
-        cls_ids = cls_ids[keep_idx]
-
-        return [
-            BoundingBox(
-                x1=int(math.floor(box[0])),
-                y1=int(math.floor(box[1])),
-                x2=int(math.ceil(box[2])),
-                y2=int(math.ceil(box[3])),
-                cls_id=int(cls_id),
-                conf=float(conf),
-            )
-            for box, conf, cls_id in zip(boxes, scores, cls_ids)
-            if box[2] > box[0] and box[3] > box[1]
-        ]
-
-    def _postprocess(
-        self,
-        output: np.ndarray,
-        ratio: float,
-        pad: tuple[float, float],
-        orig_size: tuple[int, int],
-    ) -> list[BoundingBox]:
-        if output.ndim == 2 and output.shape[1] >= 6:
-            return self._decode_final_dets(output, ratio, pad, orig_size)
-
-        if output.ndim == 3 and output.shape[0] == 1 and output.shape[2] >= 6:
-            return self._decode_final_dets(output, ratio, pad, orig_size)
-
-        return self._decode_raw_yolo(output, ratio, pad, orig_size)
-
-    def _predict_single(self, image: np.ndarray) -> list[BoundingBox]:
-        if image is None:
-            raise ValueError("Input image is None")
-        if not isinstance(image, np.ndarray):
-            raise TypeError(f"Input is not numpy array: {type(image)}")
-        if image.ndim != 3:
-            raise ValueError(f"Expected HWC image, got shape={image.shape}")
-        if image.shape[0] <= 0 or image.shape[1] <= 0:
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid image shape={image.shape}")
-        if image.shape[2] != 3:
-            raise ValueError(f"Expected 3 channels, got shape={image.shape}")
-
-        if image.dtype != np.uint8:
-            image = image.astype(np.uint8)
-
-        input_tensor, ratio, pad, orig_size = self._preprocess(image)
-
-        expected_shape = (1, 3, self.input_height, self.input_width)
-        if input_tensor.shape != expected_shape:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Bad input tensor shape={input_tensor.shape}, expected={expected_shape}"
-            )
-
-        outputs = self.session.run(self.output_names, {self.input_name: input_tensor})
-        det_output = outputs[0]
-        return self._postprocess(det_output, ratio, pad, orig_size)
-
-    def _merge_tta_consensus(
-        self,
-        boxes_orig: list[BoundingBox],
-        boxes_flip: list[BoundingBox],
-    ) -> list[BoundingBox]:
-        """
-        Keep:
-        - any box with conf >= conf_high
-        - low/medium-conf boxes only if confirmed across TTA views
-        Then run final hard NMS.
-        """
-        if not boxes_orig and not boxes_flip:
-            return []
-
-        coords_o = np.array([[b.x1, b.y1, b.x2, b.y2] for b in boxes_orig], dtype=np.float32) if boxes_orig else np.empty((0, 4), dtype=np.float32)
-        scores_o = np.array([b.conf for b in boxes_orig], dtype=np.float32) if boxes_orig else np.empty((0,), dtype=np.float32)
-        cls_o = np.array([b.cls_id for b in boxes_orig], dtype=np.int32) if boxes_orig else np.empty((0,), dtype=np.int32)
-
-        coords_f = np.array([[b.x1, b.y1, b.x2, b.y2] for b in boxes_flip], dtype=np.float32) if boxes_flip else np.empty((0, 4), dtype=np.float32)
-        scores_f = np.array([b.conf for b in boxes_flip], dtype=np.float32) if boxes_flip else np.empty((0,), dtype=np.float32)
-        cls_f = np.array([b.cls_id for b in boxes_flip], dtype=np.int32) if boxes_flip else np.empty((0,), dtype=np.int32)
-
-        accepted_boxes = []
-        accepted_scores = []
-        accepted_cls = []
-
-        # Original view candidates
-        for i in range(len(coords_o)):
-            score = scores_o[i]
-            if score >= self.conf_high:
-                accepted_boxes.append(coords_o[i])
-                accepted_scores.append(score)
-                accepted_cls.append(int(cls_o[i]))
-            elif len(coords_f) > 0:
-                ious = self._box_iou_one_to_many(coords_o[i], coords_f)
-                j = int(np.argmax(ious))
-                if ious[j] >= self.tta_match_iou:
-                    fused_score = max(score, scores_f[j])
-                    accepted_boxes.append(coords_o[i])
-                    accepted_scores.append(fused_score)
-                    accepted_cls.append(int(cls_o[i]))
-
-        # Flipped-view high-confidence boxes that original missed
-        for i in range(len(coords_f)):
-            score = scores_f[i]
-            if score < self.conf_high:
-                continue
-
-            if len(coords_o) == 0:
-                accepted_boxes.append(coords_f[i])
-                accepted_scores.append(score)
-                accepted_cls.append(int(cls_f[i]))
-                continue
-
-            ious = self._box_iou_one_to_many(coords_f[i], coords_o)
-            if np.max(ious) < self.tta_match_iou:
-                accepted_boxes.append(coords_f[i])
-                accepted_scores.append(score)
-                accepted_cls.append(int(cls_f[i]))
-
-        if not accepted_boxes:
-            return []
-
-        boxes = np.array(accepted_boxes, dtype=np.float32)
-        scores = np.array(accepted_scores, dtype=np.float32)
-        cls_ids = np.array(accepted_cls, dtype=np.int32)
-
-        keep = self._nms_per_class(boxes, scores, cls_ids, self.iou_thres, self.max_det)
-
-        out = []
-        for idx in keep:
-            x1, y1, x2, y2 = boxes[idx].tolist()
-            out.append(
-                BoundingBox(
-                    x1=int(math.floor(x1)),
-                    y1=int(math.floor(y1)),
-                    x2=int(math.ceil(x2)),
-                    y2=int(math.ceil(y2)),
-                    cls_id=int(cls_ids[idx]),
-                    conf=float(scores[idx]),
-                )
-            )
-        return out
-
-    def _predict_tta(self, image: np.ndarray) -> list[BoundingBox]:
-        boxes_orig = self._predict_single(image)
-
-        flipped = cv2.flip(image, 1)
-        boxes_flip_raw = self._predict_single(flipped)
-
-        w = image.shape[1]
-        boxes_flip = [
-            BoundingBox(
-                x1=w - b.x2,
-                y1=b.y1,
-                x2=w - b.x1,
-                y2=b.y2,
-                cls_id=b.cls_id,
-                conf=b.conf,
-            )
-            for b in boxes_flip_raw
-        ]
-
-        return self._merge_tta_consensus(boxes_orig, boxes_flip)
-
-    def predict_batch(
-        self,
-        batch_images: list[ndarray],
-        offset: int,
-        n_keypoints: int,
-    ) -> list[TVFrameResult]:
-        results: list[TVFrameResult] = []
-
-        for frame_number_in_batch, image in enumerate(batch_images):
-            try:
-                if self.use_tta:
-                    boxes = self._predict_tta(image)
-                else:
-                    boxes = self._predict_single(image)
-            except Exception as e:
-                print(f"⚠️ Inference failed for frame {offset + frame_number_in_batch}: {e}")
-                boxes = []
-
-            results.append(
-                TVFrameResult(
-                    frame_id=offset + frame_number_in_batch,
-                    boxes=boxes,
-                    keypoints=[(0, 0) for _ in range(max(0, int(n_keypoints)))],
-                )
-            )
-
+from pathlib import Path
+import math
+
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+import onnxruntime as ort
+from numpy import ndarray
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class BoundingBox(BaseModel):
+    x1: int
+    y1: int
+    x2: int
+    y2: int
+    cls_id: int
+    conf: float
+
+
+class TVFrameResult(BaseModel):
+    frame_id: int
+    boxes: list[BoundingBox]
+    keypoints: list[tuple[int, int]]
+
+
+class Miner:
+    def __init__(self,
+        path_hf_repo: Path,
+        conf_thres: float = 0.21,
+        conf_high: float = 0.22,
+        iou_thres: float = 0.77,
+        tta_match_iou: float = 0.56,
+        max_det: int = 264,
+        min_box_area: int = 82,
+        min_w: int = 15,
+        min_h: int = 17,
+        max_aspect_ratio: float = 3.65,
+        max_box_area_ratio: float = 0.78,
+    ) -> None:
+        model_path = path_hf_repo / "weights.onnx"
+
+        self.class_names = ['bus', 'car', 'truck', 'motorcycle']
+        model_class_order = ['truck', 'car', 'bus', 'motorcycle']
+        self._train_cls_to_canonical = np.array(
+            [self.class_names.index(n) for n in model_class_order],
+            dtype=np.int32
+        )
+        print("ORT version:", ort.__version__)
+
+        try:
+            ort.preload_dlls()
+            print("✅ onnxruntime.preload_dlls() success")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"⚠️ preload_dlls failed: {e}")
+
+        print("ORT available providers BEFORE session:", ort.get_available_providers())
+
+        sess_options = ort.SessionOptions()
+        sess_options.graph_optimization_level = ort.GraphOptimizationLevel.ORT_ENABLE_ALL
+
+        try:
+            self.session = ort.InferenceSession(
+                str(model_path),
+                sess_options=sess_options,
+                providers=["CUDAExecutionProvider", "CPUExecutionProvider"],
+            )
+            print("✅ Created ORT session with preferred CUDA provider list")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"⚠️ CUDA session creation failed, falling back to CPU: {e}")
+            self.session = ort.InferenceSession(
+                str(model_path),
+                sess_options=sess_options,
+                providers=["CPUExecutionProvider"],
+            )
+
+        print("ORT session providers:", self.session.get_providers())
+
+        for inp in self.session.get_inputs():
+            print("INPUT:", inp.name, inp.shape, inp.type)
+
+        for out in self.session.get_outputs():
+            print("OUTPUT:", out.name, out.shape, out.type)
+
+        self.input_name = self.session.get_inputs()[0].name
+        self.output_names = [output.name for output in self.session.get_outputs()]
+        self.input_shape = self.session.get_inputs()[0].shape
+
+        self.input_height = self._safe_dim(self.input_shape[2], default=1280)
+        self.input_width = self._safe_dim(self.input_shape[3], default=1280)
+
+        # ---------- Scoring-oriented thresholds ----------
+        # Low threshold for candidate generation
+        self.conf_thres = conf_thres
+
+        # High-confidence boxes can survive without TTA confirmation
+        self.conf_high = conf_high
+
+        # NMS threshold
+        self.iou_thres = iou_thres
+
+        # TTA confirmation IoU
+        self.tta_match_iou = tta_match_iou
+
+        self.max_det = max_det
+        self.use_tta = True
+
+        # Box sanity filters
+        self.min_box_area = min_box_area
+        self.min_w = min_w
+        self.min_h = min_h
+        self.max_aspect_ratio = max_aspect_ratio
+        self.max_box_area_ratio = max_box_area_ratio
+
+        print(f"✅ ONNX model loaded from: {model_path}")
+        print(f"✅ ONNX providers: {self.session.get_providers()}")
+        print(f"✅ ONNX input: name={self.input_name}, shape={self.input_shape}")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"ONNXRuntime(session={type(self.session).__name__}, "
+            f"providers={self.session.get_providers()})"
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _safe_dim(value, default: int) -> int:
+        return value if isinstance(value, int) and value > 0 else default
+
+    def _remap_train_cls_ids(self, cls_ids: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        idx = np.clip(cls_ids.astype(np.int64, copy=False), 0, len(self._train_cls_to_canonical) - 1)
+        return self._train_cls_to_canonical[idx]
+
+    def _letterbox(
+        self,
+        image: ndarray,
+        new_shape: tuple[int, int],
+        color=(114, 114, 114),
+    ) -> tuple[ndarray, float, tuple[float, float]]:
+        h, w = image.shape[:2]
+        new_w, new_h = new_shape
+
+        ratio = min(new_w / w, new_h / h)
+        resized_w = int(round(w * ratio))
+        resized_h = int(round(h * ratio))
+
+        if (resized_w, resized_h) != (w, h):
+            interp = cv2.INTER_CUBIC if ratio > 1.0 else cv2.INTER_LINEAR
+            image = cv2.resize(image, (resized_w, resized_h), interpolation=interp)
+
+        dw = new_w - resized_w
+        dh = new_h - resized_h
+        dw /= 2.0
+        dh /= 2.0
+
+        left = int(round(dw - 0.1))
+        right = int(round(dw + 0.1))
+        top = int(round(dh - 0.1))
+        bottom = int(round(dh + 0.1))
+
+        padded = cv2.copyMakeBorder(
+            image,
+            top,
+            bottom,
+            left,
+            right,
+            borderType=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,
+            value=color,
+        )
+        return padded, ratio, (dw, dh)
+
+    def _preprocess(
+        self, image: ndarray
+    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, float, tuple[float, float], tuple[int, int]]:
+        orig_h, orig_w = image.shape[:2]
+
+        img, ratio, pad = self._letterbox(
+            image, (self.input_width, self.input_height)
+        )
+        img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
+        img = img.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+        img = np.transpose(img, (2, 0, 1))[None, ...]
+        img = np.ascontiguousarray(img, dtype=np.float32)
+
+        return img, ratio, pad, (orig_w, orig_h)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _clip_boxes(boxes: np.ndarray, image_size: tuple[int, int]) -> np.ndarray:
+        w, h = image_size
+        boxes[:, 0] = np.clip(boxes[:, 0], 0, w - 1)
+        boxes[:, 1] = np.clip(boxes[:, 1], 0, h - 1)
+        boxes[:, 2] = np.clip(boxes[:, 2], 0, w - 1)
+        boxes[:, 3] = np.clip(boxes[:, 3], 0, h - 1)
+        return boxes
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _xywh_to_xyxy(boxes: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        out = np.empty_like(boxes)
+        out[:, 0] = boxes[:, 0] - boxes[:, 2] / 2.0
+        out[:, 1] = boxes[:, 1] - boxes[:, 3] / 2.0
+        out[:, 2] = boxes[:, 0] + boxes[:, 2] / 2.0
+        out[:, 3] = boxes[:, 1] + boxes[:, 3] / 2.0
+        return out
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _hard_nms(
+        boxes: np.ndarray,
+        scores: np.ndarray,
+        iou_thresh: float,
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        if len(boxes) == 0:
+            return np.array([], dtype=np.intp)
+
+        boxes = np.asarray(boxes, dtype=np.float32)
+        scores = np.asarray(scores, dtype=np.float32)
+        order = np.argsort(scores)[::-1]
+        keep = []
+
+        while len(order) > 0:
+            i = order[0]
+            keep.append(i)
+            if len(order) == 1:
+                break
+
+            rest = order[1:]
+
+            xx1 = np.maximum(boxes[i, 0], boxes[rest, 0])
+            yy1 = np.maximum(boxes[i, 1], boxes[rest, 1])
+            xx2 = np.minimum(boxes[i, 2], boxes[rest, 2])
+            yy2 = np.minimum(boxes[i, 3], boxes[rest, 3])
+
+            inter = np.maximum(0.0, xx2 - xx1) * np.maximum(0.0, yy2 - yy1)
+
+            area_i = np.maximum(0.0, (boxes[i, 2] - boxes[i, 0])) * np.maximum(0.0, (boxes[i, 3] - boxes[i, 1]))
+            area_r = np.maximum(0.0, (boxes[rest, 2] - boxes[rest, 0])) * np.maximum(0.0, (boxes[rest, 3] - boxes[rest, 1]))
+
+            iou = inter / (area_i + area_r - inter + 1e-7)
+            order = rest[iou <= iou_thresh]
+
+        return np.array(keep, dtype=np.intp)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _nms_per_class(
+        cls,
+        boxes: np.ndarray,
+        scores: np.ndarray,
+        cls_ids: np.ndarray,
+        iou_thresh: float,
+        max_det: int,
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """NMS within each class so overlapping car vs bus predictions are not merged away."""
+        if len(boxes) == 0:
+            return np.array([], dtype=np.intp)
+        keep_all: list[int] = []
+        for c in np.unique(cls_ids):
+            idxs = np.nonzero(cls_ids == c)[0]
+            if len(idxs) == 0:
+                continue
+            local_keep = cls._hard_nms(boxes[idxs], scores[idxs], iou_thresh)
+            keep_all.extend(idxs[local_keep].tolist())
+        keep_all = np.array(keep_all, dtype=np.intp)
+        order = np.argsort(scores[keep_all])[::-1]
+        return keep_all[order[:max_det]]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _box_iou_one_to_many(box: np.ndarray, boxes: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        xx1 = np.maximum(box[0], boxes[:, 0])
+        yy1 = np.maximum(box[1], boxes[:, 1])
+        xx2 = np.minimum(box[2], boxes[:, 2])
+        yy2 = np.minimum(box[3], boxes[:, 3])
+
+        inter = np.maximum(0.0, xx2 - xx1) * np.maximum(0.0, yy2 - yy1)
+
+        area_a = max(0.0, (box[2] - box[0]) * (box[3] - box[1]))
+        area_b = np.maximum(0.0, boxes[:, 2] - boxes[:, 0]) * np.maximum(0.0, boxes[:, 3] - boxes[:, 1])
+
+        return inter / (area_a + area_b - inter + 1e-7)
+
+    def _filter_sane_boxes(
+        self,
+        boxes: np.ndarray,
+        scores: np.ndarray,
+        cls_ids: np.ndarray,
+        orig_size: tuple[int, int],
+    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+        if len(boxes) == 0:
+            return boxes, scores, cls_ids
+
+        orig_w, orig_h = orig_size
+        image_area = float(orig_w * orig_h)
+
+        keep = []
+        for i, box in enumerate(boxes):
+            x1, y1, x2, y2 = box.tolist()
+            bw = x2 - x1
+            bh = y2 - y1
+
+            if bw <= 0 or bh <= 0:
+                continue
+            if bw < self.min_w or bh < self.min_h:
+                continue
+
+            area = bw * bh
+            if area < self.min_box_area:
+                continue
+            if area > self.max_box_area_ratio * image_area:
+                continue
+
+            ar = max(bw / max(bh, 1e-6), bh / max(bw, 1e-6))
+            if ar > self.max_aspect_ratio:
+                continue
+
+            keep.append(i)
+
+        if not keep:
+            return (
+                np.empty((0, 4), dtype=np.float32),
+                np.empty((0,), dtype=np.float32),
+                np.empty((0,), dtype=np.int32),
+            )
+
+        keep = np.array(keep, dtype=np.intp)
+        return boxes[keep], scores[keep], cls_ids[keep]
+
+    def _decode_final_dets(
+        self,
+        preds: np.ndarray,
+        ratio: float,
+        pad: tuple[float, float],
+        orig_size: tuple[int, int],
+    ) -> list[BoundingBox]:
+        if preds.ndim == 3 and preds.shape[0] == 1:
+            preds = preds[0]
+
+        if preds.ndim != 2 or preds.shape[1] < 6:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected ONNX final-det output shape: {preds.shape}")
+
+        boxes = preds[:, :4].astype(np.float32)
+        scores = preds[:, 4].astype(np.float32)
+        cls_ids = self._remap_train_cls_ids(preds[:, 5].astype(np.int32))
+        # All trained vehicle classes: bus, car, truck, motorcycle (see self.class_names).
+
+        # candidate threshold
+        keep = scores >= self.conf_thres
+        boxes = boxes[keep]
+        scores = scores[keep]
+        cls_ids = cls_ids[keep]
+
+        if len(boxes) == 0:
+            return []
+
+        pad_w, pad_h = pad
+        orig_w, orig_h = orig_size
+
+        boxes[:, [0, 2]] -= pad_w
+        boxes[:, [1, 3]] -= pad_h
+        boxes /= ratio
+        boxes = self._clip_boxes(boxes, (orig_w, orig_h))
+
+        boxes, scores, cls_ids = self._filter_sane_boxes(boxes, scores, cls_ids, orig_size)
+        if len(boxes) == 0:
+            return []
+
+        keep_idx = self._nms_per_class(
+            boxes, scores, cls_ids, self.iou_thres, self.max_det
+        )
+
+        boxes = boxes[keep_idx]
+        scores = scores[keep_idx]
+        cls_ids = cls_ids[keep_idx]
+
+        return [
+            BoundingBox(
+                x1=int(math.floor(box[0])),
+                y1=int(math.floor(box[1])),
+                x2=int(math.ceil(box[2])),
+                y2=int(math.ceil(box[3])),
+                cls_id=int(cls_id),
+                conf=float(conf),
+            )
+            for box, conf, cls_id in zip(boxes, scores, cls_ids)
+            if box[2] > box[0] and box[3] > box[1]
+        ]
+
+    def _decode_raw_yolo(
+        self,
+        preds: np.ndarray,
+        ratio: float,
+        pad: tuple[float, float],
+        orig_size: tuple[int, int],
+    ) -> list[BoundingBox]:
+        if preds.ndim != 3:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected raw ONNX output shape: {preds.shape}")
+        if preds.shape[0] != 1:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected batch dimension in raw output: {preds.shape}")
+
+        preds = preds[0]
+
+        # Normalize to [N, C]
+        if preds.shape[0] <= 16 and preds.shape[1] > preds.shape[0]:
+            preds = preds.T
+
+        if preds.ndim != 2 or preds.shape[1] < 5:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected normalized raw output shape: {preds.shape}")
+
+        boxes_xywh = preds[:, :4].astype(np.float32)
+        tail = preds[:, 4:].astype(np.float32)
+
+        # Supports:
+        # [x,y,w,h,score]                 single-class
+        # [x,y,w,h,obj,cls]               YOLO standard single-class
+        # [x,y,w,h,obj,cls1,cls2,...]     multi-class
+        if tail.shape[1] == 1:
+            scores = tail[:, 0]
+            cls_ids = np.zeros(len(scores), dtype=np.int32)
+        elif tail.shape[1] == 2:
+            obj = tail[:, 0]
+            cls_prob = tail[:, 1]
+            scores = obj * cls_prob
+            cls_ids = np.zeros(len(scores), dtype=np.int32)
+        else:
+            obj = tail[:, 0]
+            class_probs = tail[:, 1:]
+            cls_ids = np.argmax(class_probs, axis=1).astype(np.int32)
+            cls_scores = class_probs[np.arange(len(class_probs)), cls_ids]
+            scores = obj * cls_scores
+
+        cls_ids = self._remap_train_cls_ids(cls_ids)
+
+        keep = scores >= self.conf_thres
+        boxes_xywh = boxes_xywh[keep]
+        scores = scores[keep]
+        cls_ids = cls_ids[keep]
+
+        if len(boxes_xywh) == 0:
+            return []
+
+        boxes = self._xywh_to_xyxy(boxes_xywh)
+
+        pad_w, pad_h = pad
+        orig_w, orig_h = orig_size
+
+        boxes[:, [0, 2]] -= pad_w
+        boxes[:, [1, 3]] -= pad_h
+        boxes /= ratio
+        boxes = self._clip_boxes(boxes, (orig_w, orig_h))
+
+        boxes, scores, cls_ids = self._filter_sane_boxes(boxes, scores, cls_ids, orig_size)
+        if len(boxes) == 0:
+            return []
+
+        keep_idx = self._nms_per_class(
+            boxes, scores, cls_ids, self.iou_thres, self.max_det
+        )
+
+        boxes = boxes[keep_idx]
+        scores = scores[keep_idx]
+        cls_ids = cls_ids[keep_idx]
+
+        return [
+            BoundingBox(
+                x1=int(math.floor(box[0])),
+                y1=int(math.floor(box[1])),
+                x2=int(math.ceil(box[2])),
+                y2=int(math.ceil(box[3])),
+                cls_id=int(cls_id),
+                conf=float(conf),
+            )
+            for box, conf, cls_id in zip(boxes, scores, cls_ids)
+            if box[2] > box[0] and box[3] > box[1]
+        ]
+
+    def _postprocess(
+        self,
+        output: np.ndarray,
+        ratio: float,
+        pad: tuple[float, float],
+        orig_size: tuple[int, int],
+    ) -> list[BoundingBox]:
+        if output.ndim == 2 and output.shape[1] >= 6:
+            return self._decode_final_dets(output, ratio, pad, orig_size)
+
+        if output.ndim == 3 and output.shape[0] == 1 and output.shape[2] >= 6:
+            return self._decode_final_dets(output, ratio, pad, orig_size)
+
+        return self._decode_raw_yolo(output, ratio, pad, orig_size)
+
+    def _predict_single(self, image: np.ndarray) -> list[BoundingBox]:
+        if image is None:
+            raise ValueError("Input image is None")
+        if not isinstance(image, np.ndarray):
+            raise TypeError(f"Input is not numpy array: {type(image)}")
+        if image.ndim != 3:
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected HWC image, got shape={image.shape}")
+        if image.shape[0] <= 0 or image.shape[1] <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid image shape={image.shape}")
+        if image.shape[2] != 3:
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected 3 channels, got shape={image.shape}")
+
+        if image.dtype != np.uint8:
+            image = image.astype(np.uint8)
+
+        input_tensor, ratio, pad, orig_size = self._preprocess(image)
+
+        expected_shape = (1, 3, self.input_height, self.input_width)
+        if input_tensor.shape != expected_shape:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Bad input tensor shape={input_tensor.shape}, expected={expected_shape}"
+            )
+
+        outputs = self.session.run(self.output_names, {self.input_name: input_tensor})
+        det_output = outputs[0]
+        return self._postprocess(det_output, ratio, pad, orig_size)
+
+    def _merge_tta_consensus(
+        self,
+        boxes_orig: list[BoundingBox],
+        boxes_flip: list[BoundingBox],
+    ) -> list[BoundingBox]:
+        """
+        Keep:
+        - any box with conf >= conf_high
+        - low/medium-conf boxes only if confirmed across TTA views
+        Then run final hard NMS.
+        """
+        if not boxes_orig and not boxes_flip:
+            return []
+
+        coords_o = np.array([[b.x1, b.y1, b.x2, b.y2] for b in boxes_orig], dtype=np.float32) if boxes_orig else np.empty((0, 4), dtype=np.float32)
+        scores_o = np.array([b.conf for b in boxes_orig], dtype=np.float32) if boxes_orig else np.empty((0,), dtype=np.float32)
+        cls_o = np.array([b.cls_id for b in boxes_orig], dtype=np.int32) if boxes_orig else np.empty((0,), dtype=np.int32)
+
+        coords_f = np.array([[b.x1, b.y1, b.x2, b.y2] for b in boxes_flip], dtype=np.float32) if boxes_flip else np.empty((0, 4), dtype=np.float32)
+        scores_f = np.array([b.conf for b in boxes_flip], dtype=np.float32) if boxes_flip else np.empty((0,), dtype=np.float32)
+        cls_f = np.array([b.cls_id for b in boxes_flip], dtype=np.int32) if boxes_flip else np.empty((0,), dtype=np.int32)
+
+        accepted_boxes = []
+        accepted_scores = []
+        accepted_cls = []
+
+        # Original view candidates
+        for i in range(len(coords_o)):
+            score = scores_o[i]
+            if score >= self.conf_high:
+                accepted_boxes.append(coords_o[i])
+                accepted_scores.append(score)
+                accepted_cls.append(int(cls_o[i]))
+            elif len(coords_f) > 0:
+                ious = self._box_iou_one_to_many(coords_o[i], coords_f)
+                j = int(np.argmax(ious))
+                if ious[j] >= self.tta_match_iou:
+                    fused_score = max(score, scores_f[j])
+                    accepted_boxes.append(coords_o[i])
+                    accepted_scores.append(fused_score)
+                    accepted_cls.append(int(cls_o[i]))
+
+        # Flipped-view high-confidence boxes that original missed
+        for i in range(len(coords_f)):
+            score = scores_f[i]
+            if score < self.conf_high:
+                continue
+
+            if len(coords_o) == 0:
+                accepted_boxes.append(coords_f[i])
+                accepted_scores.append(score)
+                accepted_cls.append(int(cls_f[i]))
+                continue
+
+            ious = self._box_iou_one_to_many(coords_f[i], coords_o)
+            if np.max(ious) < self.tta_match_iou:
+                accepted_boxes.append(coords_f[i])
+                accepted_scores.append(score)
+                accepted_cls.append(int(cls_f[i]))
+
+        if not accepted_boxes:
+            return []
+
+        boxes = np.array(accepted_boxes, dtype=np.float32)
+        scores = np.array(accepted_scores, dtype=np.float32)
+        cls_ids = np.array(accepted_cls, dtype=np.int32)
+
+        keep = self._nms_per_class(boxes, scores, cls_ids, self.iou_thres, self.max_det)
+
+        out = []
+        for idx in keep:
+            x1, y1, x2, y2 = boxes[idx].tolist()
+            out.append(
+                BoundingBox(
+                    x1=int(math.floor(x1)),
+                    y1=int(math.floor(y1)),
+                    x2=int(math.ceil(x2)),
+                    y2=int(math.ceil(y2)),
+                    cls_id=int(cls_ids[idx]),
+                    conf=float(scores[idx]),
+                )
+            )
+        return out
+
+    def _predict_tta(self, image: np.ndarray) -> list[BoundingBox]:
+        boxes_orig = self._predict_single(image)
+
+        flipped = cv2.flip(image, 1)
+        boxes_flip_raw = self._predict_single(flipped)
+
+        w = image.shape[1]
+        boxes_flip = [
+            BoundingBox(
+                x1=w - b.x2,
+                y1=b.y1,
+                x2=w - b.x1,
+                y2=b.y2,
+                cls_id=b.cls_id,
+                conf=b.conf,
+            )
+            for b in boxes_flip_raw
+        ]
+
+        return self._merge_tta_consensus(boxes_orig, boxes_flip)
+
+    def predict_batch(
+        self,
+        batch_images: list[ndarray],
+        offset: int,
+        n_keypoints: int,
+    ) -> list[TVFrameResult]:
+        results: list[TVFrameResult] = []
+
+        for frame_number_in_batch, image in enumerate(batch_images):
+            try:
+                if self.use_tta:
+                    boxes = self._predict_tta(image)
+                else:
+                    boxes = self._predict_single(image)
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"⚠️ Inference failed for frame {offset + frame_number_in_batch}: {e}")
+                boxes = []
+
+            results.append(
+                TVFrameResult(
+                    frame_id=offset + frame_number_in_batch,
+                    boxes=boxes,
+                    keypoints=[(0, 0) for _ in range(max(0, int(n_keypoints)))],
+                )
+            )
+
         return results