echo / code /flash-linear-attention /fla /ops /common /fused_recurrent.py
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# Copyright (c) 2023-2025, Songlin Yang, Yu Zhang
import torch
import triton
import triton.language as tl
from fla.ops.utils.op import exp
from fla.utils import autocast_custom_bwd, autocast_custom_fwd, autotune_cache_kwargs, input_guard
@triton.heuristics({
'USE_INITIAL_STATE': lambda args: args['h0'] is not None,
'STORE_FINAL_STATE': lambda args: args['ht'] is not None,
'IS_VARLEN': lambda args: args['cu_seqlens'] is not None,
})
@triton.autotune(
configs=[
triton.Config({}, num_warps=num_warps)
for num_warps in [4, 8]
],
key=['BK', 'BV', 'USE_G', 'USE_G_GAMMA', 'USE_GK', 'USE_GV'],
**autotune_cache_kwargs,
)
@triton.jit(do_not_specialize=['B', 'T'])
def fused_recurrent_fwd_kernel(
q,
k,
v,
g,
g_gamma,
gk,
gv,
o,
h0,
ht,
cu_seqlens,
scale,
B,
T,
H: tl.constexpr,
K: tl.constexpr,
V: tl.constexpr,
BK: tl.constexpr,
BV: tl.constexpr,
REVERSE: tl.constexpr,
USE_G: tl.constexpr,
USE_G_GAMMA: tl.constexpr,
USE_GK: tl.constexpr,
USE_GV: tl.constexpr,
USE_INITIAL_STATE: tl.constexpr,
STORE_FINAL_STATE: tl.constexpr,
IS_VARLEN: tl.constexpr,
):
i_v, i_k, i_nh = tl.program_id(0).to(tl.int64), tl.program_id(1).to(tl.int64), tl.program_id(2).to(tl.int64)
i_n, i_h = i_nh // H, i_nh % H
all = B * T
if IS_VARLEN:
bos, eos = tl.load(cu_seqlens + i_n).to(tl.int64), tl.load(cu_seqlens + i_n + 1).to(tl.int64)
T = eos - bos
else:
bos, eos = i_n * T, i_n * T + T
o_k = i_k * BK + tl.arange(0, BK)
o_v = i_v * BV + tl.arange(0, BV)
p_q = q + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
p_k = k + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
p_v = v + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
p_o = o + ((i_k * all + bos) + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
if USE_G:
p_g = g + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H + i_h
if USE_GK:
p_gk = gk + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
if USE_GV:
p_gv = gv + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
if USE_G_GAMMA:
b_g_gamma = tl.load(g_gamma + i_h)
m_k = o_k < K
m_v = o_v < V
m_h = m_k[:, None] & m_v[None, :]
b_h = tl.zeros([BK, BV], dtype=tl.float32)
if USE_INITIAL_STATE:
p_h0 = h0 + i_nh * K*V + o_k[:, None] * V + o_v[None, :]
b_h += tl.load(p_h0, mask=m_h, other=0).to(tl.float32)
for _ in range(0, T):
b_q = tl.load(p_q, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32) * scale
b_k = tl.load(p_k, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_v = tl.load(p_v, mask=m_v, other=0).to(tl.float32)
if USE_G:
b_g = tl.load(p_g).to(tl.float32)
b_h = b_h * exp(b_g)
if USE_G_GAMMA:
b_h = b_h * exp(b_g_gamma)
if USE_GK:
b_gk = tl.load(p_gk, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_h = b_h * exp(b_gk[:, None])
if USE_GV:
b_gv = tl.load(p_gv, mask=m_v, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_h = b_h * exp(b_gv[None, :])
b_h += b_k[:, None] * b_v[None, :]
b_o = b_h * b_q[:, None]
b_o = tl.sum(b_o, axis=0)
tl.store(p_o, b_o.to(p_o.dtype.element_ty), mask=m_v)
p_q += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*K
p_k += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*K
p_v += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*V
p_o += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*V
if USE_G:
p_g += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H
if USE_GK:
p_gk += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*K
if USE_GV:
p_gv += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*V
if STORE_FINAL_STATE:
p_ht = ht + i_nh * K*V + o_k[:, None] * V + o_v[None, :]
tl.store(p_ht, b_h.to(p_ht.dtype.element_ty), mask=m_h)
@triton.heuristics({
'USE_INITIAL_STATE': lambda args: args['h0'] is not None,
'STORE_INITIAL_STATE_GRADIENT': lambda args: args['dh0'] is not None,
'USE_FINAL_STATE_GRADIENT': lambda args: args['dht'] is not None,
'IS_VARLEN': lambda args: args['cu_seqlens'] is not None,
})
@triton.autotune(
configs=[
triton.Config({}, num_warps=num_warps)
for num_warps in [4]
],
key=['BK', 'BV', 'USE_G', 'USE_G_GAMMA', 'USE_GK', 'USE_GV'],
**autotune_cache_kwargs,
)
@triton.jit(do_not_specialize=['B', 'T'])
def fused_recurrent_bwd_kernel(
q,
k,
v,
g,
g_gamma,
gk,
gv,
o,
h0,
do,
dq,
dk,
dv,
dg,
dgk,
dgv,
dht,
dh0,
cu_seqlens,
scale,
B,
T,
H: tl.constexpr,
K: tl.constexpr,
V: tl.constexpr,
BK: tl.constexpr,
BV: tl.constexpr,
REVERSE: tl.constexpr,
USE_G: tl.constexpr,
USE_G_GAMMA: tl.constexpr,
USE_GK: tl.constexpr,
USE_GV: tl.constexpr,
USE_INITIAL_STATE: tl.constexpr,
STORE_INITIAL_STATE_GRADIENT: tl.constexpr,
USE_FINAL_STATE_GRADIENT: tl.constexpr,
IS_VARLEN: tl.constexpr,
):
i_v, i_k, i_nh = tl.program_id(0).to(tl.int64), tl.program_id(1).to(tl.int64), tl.program_id(2).to(tl.int64)
i_n, i_h = i_nh // H, i_nh % H
all = B * T
if IS_VARLEN:
bos, eos = tl.load(cu_seqlens + i_n).to(tl.int64), tl.load(cu_seqlens + i_n + 1).to(tl.int64)
T = eos - bos
else:
bos, eos = i_n * T, i_n * T + T
NV = tl.cdiv(V, BV)
o_k = i_k * BK + tl.arange(0, BK)
o_v = i_v * BV + tl.arange(0, BV)
m_k = o_k < K
m_v = o_v < V
m_h = m_k[:, None] & m_v[None, :]
p_k = k + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
p_v = v + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
p_do = do + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
p_dq = dq + ((i_v * all + bos) + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
if USE_G:
p_g = g + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H + i_h
if USE_GK:
p_gk = gk + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
if USE_GV:
p_gv = gv + (bos + ((T-1) if REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
if USE_G_GAMMA:
b_g_gamma = tl.load(g_gamma + i_h)
b_h = tl.zeros([BK, BV], dtype=tl.float32)
if USE_INITIAL_STATE:
p_h0 = h0 + i_nh * K*V + o_k[:, None] * V + o_v[None, :]
b_h += tl.load(p_h0, mask=m_h, other=0).to(tl.float32)
for _ in range(0, T):
b_k = tl.load(p_k, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_v = tl.load(p_v, mask=m_v, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_do = tl.load(p_do, mask=m_v, other=0).to(tl.float32)
if USE_G:
b_g = tl.load(p_g).to(tl.float32)
b_h = b_h * exp(b_g)
if USE_G_GAMMA:
b_h = b_h * exp(b_g_gamma)
if USE_GK:
b_gk = tl.load(p_gk, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_h = b_h * exp(b_gk[:, None])
if USE_GV:
b_gv = tl.load(p_gv, mask=m_v, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_h = b_h * exp(b_gv[None, :])
b_h += b_k[:, None] * b_v[None, :]
b_dq = b_h * b_do[None, :]
b_dq = tl.sum(b_dq, axis=1) * scale
tl.store(p_dq, b_dq.to(p_dq.dtype.element_ty), mask=m_k)
p_k += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*K
p_v += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*V
p_do += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*V
p_dq += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*K
if USE_G:
p_g += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H
if USE_GK:
p_gk += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*K
if USE_GV:
p_gv += (-1 if REVERSE else 1) * H*V
# sync threads
tl.debug_barrier()
p_q = q + (bos + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
p_k = k + (bos + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
p_v = v + (bos + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
p_do = do + (bos + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
p_dq = dq + ((i_v * all + bos) + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
p_dk = dk + ((i_v * all + bos) + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
p_dv = dv + ((i_k * all + bos) + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
if USE_G:
p_g = g + (bos + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H + i_h
p_dg = dg + ((i_k * NV + i_v) * all + bos + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H + i_h
if USE_GK:
p_gk = gk + (bos + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
p_dgk = dgk + ((i_v * all + bos) + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*K + i_h * K + o_k
if USE_GV:
p_o = o + (bos + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
p_gv = gv + (bos + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
p_dgv = dgv + ((i_k * all + bos) + ((T - 1) if not REVERSE else 0)) * H*V + i_h * V + o_v
b_dh = tl.zeros([BK, BV], dtype=tl.float32)
if USE_FINAL_STATE_GRADIENT:
p_dht = dht + i_nh * K*V + o_k[:, None] * V + o_v[None, :]
b_dh += tl.load(p_dht, mask=m_h, other=0).to(tl.float32)
if USE_G:
b_dg = tl.sum(b_h * b_dh)
if USE_GK:
b_dgk = tl.sum(b_h * b_dh, 1)
if USE_GV:
b_dgv = tl.sum(b_h * b_dh, 0)
for _ in range(T):
b_q = tl.load(p_q, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_k = tl.load(p_k, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_v = tl.load(p_v, mask=m_v, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_do = tl.load(p_do, mask=m_v, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_dh += (b_q * scale)[:, None] * b_do[None, :]
b_dk = tl.sum(b_dh * b_v[None, :], axis=1)
b_dv = tl.sum(b_dh * b_k[:, None], axis=0)
if USE_G:
b_g = tl.load(p_g).to(tl.float32)
b_dq = tl.load(p_dq, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_dg += tl.sum(b_q * b_dq - b_k * b_dk)
b_dh *= exp(b_g)
tl.store(p_dg, b_dg.to(p_dg.dtype.element_ty))
if USE_G_GAMMA:
b_dh *= exp(b_g_gamma)
if USE_GK:
b_gk = tl.load(p_gk, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_dq = tl.load(p_dq, mask=m_k, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_dgk += b_q * b_dq - b_k * b_dk
b_dh *= exp(b_gk)[:, None]
tl.store(p_dgk, b_dgk.to(p_dgk.dtype.element_ty), mask=m_k)
if USE_GV:
b_o = tl.load(p_o, mask=m_v, other=0).to(tl.float32)
b_gv = tl.load(p_gv, mask=m_v, other=0).to(tl.float32)
if i_k == 0:
b_dgv += b_o * b_do
b_dgv -= b_v * b_dv
b_dh *= exp(b_gv)[None, :]
tl.store(p_dgv, b_dgv.to(p_dgv.dtype.element_ty), mask=m_v)
tl.store(p_dk, b_dk.to(p_dk.dtype.element_ty), mask=m_k)
tl.store(p_dv, b_dv.to(p_dv.dtype.element_ty), mask=m_v)
p_q += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*K
p_k += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*K
p_v += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*V
p_do += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*V
p_dq += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*K
p_dk += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*K
p_dv += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*V
if USE_G:
p_g += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H
p_dg += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H
if USE_GK:
p_gk += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*K
p_dgk += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*K
if USE_GV:
p_o += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*V
p_gv += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*V
p_dgv += (1 if REVERSE else -1) * H*V
if STORE_INITIAL_STATE_GRADIENT:
p_dh0 = dh0 + i_nh * K*V + o_k[:, None] * V + o_v[None, :]
tl.store(p_dh0, b_dh.to(p_dh0.dtype.element_ty), mask=m_h)
def fused_recurrent_fwd(
q: torch.Tensor,
k: torch.Tensor,
v: torch.Tensor,
g: torch.Tensor | None = None,
g_gamma: torch.Tensor | None = None,
gk: torch.Tensor | None = None,
gv: torch.Tensor | None = None,
scale: float | None = None,
initial_state: torch.Tensor | None = None,
output_final_state: bool = False,
reverse: bool = False,
cu_seqlens: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
):
B, T, H, K, V = *k.shape, v.shape[-1]
N = B if cu_seqlens is None else len(cu_seqlens) - 1
BK, BV = min(triton.next_power_of_2(K), 64), min(triton.next_power_of_2(V), 64)
NK, NV = triton.cdiv(K, BK), triton.cdiv(V, BV)
h0 = initial_state
ht = q.new_empty(N, H, K, V, dtype=torch.float32) if output_final_state else None
o = q.new_empty(NK, *v.shape, dtype=torch.float32)
grid = (NV, NK, N * H)
fused_recurrent_fwd_kernel[grid](
q=q,
k=k,
v=v,
g=g,
g_gamma=g_gamma,
gk=gk,
gv=gv,
o=o,
h0=h0,
ht=ht,
cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,
scale=scale,
T=T,
B=B,
H=H,
K=K,
V=V,
BK=BK,
BV=BV,
USE_G=g is not None,
USE_G_GAMMA=g_gamma is not None,
USE_GK=gk is not None,
USE_GV=gv is not None,
REVERSE=reverse,
)
o = o.sum(0)
return o, ht
def fused_recurrent_bwd(
q: torch.Tensor,
k: torch.Tensor,
v: torch.Tensor,
g: torch.Tensor | None = None,
g_gamma: torch.Tensor | None = None,
gk: torch.Tensor | None = None,
gv: torch.Tensor | None = None,
o: torch.Tensor | None = None,
do: torch.Tensor | None = None,
dht: torch.Tensor | None = None,
scale: float | None = None,
initial_state: torch.Tensor | None = None,
reverse: bool = False,
cu_seqlens: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
):
B, T, H, K, V = *k.shape, v.shape[-1]
N = B if cu_seqlens is None else len(cu_seqlens) - 1
BK, BV = min(triton.next_power_of_2(K), 64), min(triton.next_power_of_2(V), 64)
NK, NV = triton.cdiv(K, BK), triton.cdiv(V, BV)
h0 = initial_state
dq = q.new_empty(NV, *q.shape, dtype=torch.float32)
dk = q.new_empty(NV, *k.shape, dtype=torch.float32)
dv = q.new_empty(NK, *v.shape, dtype=torch.float32)
dh0 = torch.empty_like(h0) if h0 is not None else None
dg, dgk, dgv = None, None, None
if g is not None:
dg = g.new_empty(NK*NV, *g.shape, dtype=torch.float32)
if gk is not None:
dgk = gk.new_empty(NV, *gk.shape, dtype=torch.float32)
if gv is not None:
dgv = gv.new_empty(NK, *gv.shape, dtype=torch.float32)
grid = (NV, NK, N * H)
fused_recurrent_bwd_kernel[grid](
q=q,
k=k,
v=v,
g=g,
g_gamma=g_gamma,
gk=gk,
gv=gv,
o=o,
h0=h0,
do=do,
dq=dq,
dk=dk,
dv=dv,
dg=dg,
dgk=dgk,
dgv=dgv,
dht=dht,
dh0=dh0,
cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,
scale=scale,
B=B,
T=T,
H=H,
K=K,
V=V,
BK=BK,
BV=BV,
USE_G=g is not None,
USE_G_GAMMA=g_gamma is not None,
USE_GK=gk is not None,
USE_GV=gv is not None,
REVERSE=reverse,
)
dq = dq.sum(0)
dk = dk.sum(0)
dv = dv.sum(0)
if g is not None:
dg = dg.sum(0).to(g)
if gk is not None:
dgk = dgk.sum(0).to(gk)
if gv is not None:
dgv = dgv.sum(0).to(gv)
return dq, dk, dv, dg, dgk, dgv, dh0
class FusedRecurrentFunction(torch.autograd.Function):
@staticmethod
@input_guard
@autocast_custom_fwd
def forward(
ctx,
q: torch.Tensor,
k: torch.Tensor,
v: torch.Tensor,
g: torch.Tensor | None = None,
g_gamma: torch.Tensor | None = None,
gk: torch.Tensor | None = None,
gv: torch.Tensor | None = None,
scale: float | None = None,
initial_state: torch.Tensor | None = None,
output_final_state: bool = False,
reverse: bool = False,
cu_seqlens: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
):
o, ht = fused_recurrent_fwd(
q=q,
k=k,
v=v,
g=g,
g_gamma=g_gamma,
gk=gk,
gv=gv,
scale=scale,
initial_state=initial_state,
output_final_state=output_final_state,
reverse=reverse,
cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,
)
ctx.save_for_backward(q, k, v, g, g_gamma, gk, gv, initial_state, o)
ctx.scale = scale
ctx.reverse = reverse
ctx.cu_seqlens = cu_seqlens
return o.to(q.dtype), ht
@staticmethod
@input_guard
@autocast_custom_bwd
def backward(ctx, do, dht):
q, k, v, g, g_gamma, gk, gv, initial_state, o = ctx.saved_tensors
dq, dk, dv, dg, dgk, dgv, dh0 = fused_recurrent_bwd(
q=q,
k=k,
v=v,
g=g,
g_gamma=g_gamma,
gk=gk,
gv=gv,
o=o,
do=do,
dht=dht,
scale=ctx.scale,
initial_state=initial_state,
reverse=ctx.reverse,
cu_seqlens=ctx.cu_seqlens,
)
return dq.to(q.dtype), dk.to(k.dtype), dv.to(v.dtype), dg, None, dgk, dgv, None, dh0, None, None, None
def fused_recurrent(
q: torch.Tensor,
k: torch.Tensor,
v: torch.Tensor,
g: torch.Tensor | None = None,
g_gamma: torch.Tensor | None = None,
gk: torch.Tensor | None = None,
gv: torch.Tensor | None = None,
scale: float | None = None,
initial_state: torch.Tensor | None = None,
output_final_state: bool = False,
reverse: bool = False,
cu_seqlens: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
):
if scale is None:
scale = k.shape[-1] ** -0.5
return FusedRecurrentFunction.apply(
q,
k,
v,
g,
g_gamma,
gk,
gv,
scale,
initial_state,
output_final_state,
reverse,
cu_seqlens,
)