new files

Data/Data Preprocessing/Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome.json

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+    "disease": "Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome",
+    "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Acute haemorrhagic fever syndromes can be attributable to Ebola and Marburg viral diseases (filoviridae); Lassa fever (arenaviridae), Rift Valley fever (RVF) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) (bunyaviridae); dengue (dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF)) and yellow fever (flaviviridae); and other viral, bacterial or rickettsial diseases with potential to produce epidemics. All cases of acute viral haemorrhagic fever syndrome whether single or in clusters, should be immediately notified without waiting for the causal agent to be identified."
+    },
+    "surveillanceGoal": "Early detection of acute viral haemorrhagic fever syndrome cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the aetiology of all suspected cases. Investigation of all suspected cases with contact tracing. During epidemics, most infected patients do not show haemorrhagic symptoms and a specific case definition according to the suspected or confirmed disease should be used (e.g. case definitions for Ebola-Marburg, CCHF, RVF, Lassa, DHF, and yellow fever).",
+    "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "Illness with onset of fever and no response to treatment for usual causes of fever in the area, and at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhea, bleeding from gums, bleeding into skin (purpura), bleeding into eyes and urine.",
+      "confirmedCase": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation or epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak. Note: During an outbreak, case definitions may be changed to correspond to the local event."
+    },
+    "respondToAlertThreshold": {
+      "ifSingleCaseSuspected": "Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels. Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients and strict barrier nursing techniques implemented. Standard precautions should be enhanced throughout the health care setting. Treat and manage the patient with supportive care. Collect specimen safely to confirm the case. Conduct case-contact follow-up and active case search for additional cases.",
+      "ifSingleCaseConfirmed": "Maintain strict VHF infection control practices* throughout the outbreak. Mobilize the community for early detection and care and conduct community education about how the disease is transmitted and how to implement infection control in the home care setting and during funerals. Conduct case-contact follow-up and active searches for additional cases that may not come to the health care setting. Request additional help from other levels as needed. Establish isolation ward to handle additional cases that may come to the health centre."
+    },
+    "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Implement immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths. Analyze age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors and plan disease control interventions accordingly.",
+      "time": "Graph cases and deaths daily/weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak.",
+      "place": "Map locations of cases' households and work sites."
+    },
+    "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Presence of IgM antibodies against Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, Lassa or West Nile Fever or Presence of Ebola in post-mortem skin necropsy",
+      "specimen": {
+        "forElisa": "Whole blood, serum or plasma",
+        "forPCR": "Whole blood or blood clot, serum/plasma or tissue",
+        "forImmunohistochemistry": "Skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases."
+      },
+      "whenToCollect": "Collect specimen from the first suspected case. If more than one suspected case, collect until specimens have been collected from 5 to10 suspected cases.",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Handle and transport specimens from suspected vhf patients with extreme caution. Wear protective clothing and use barrier precautions. For ELISA or PCR: Refrigerate serum or clot Freeze (-20C or colder) tissue specimens for virus isolation For Immunohistochemistry: Fix skin snip specimen in formalin. Specimen can be stored up to 6 weeks. The specimen is not infectious once it is in formalin. Store at room temperature. Formalin-fixed specimens may be transported at room temperature",
+      "results": "Diagnostic services for VHF are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for VHF diagnostic services. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO"
+    },
+    "reference": [
+      "Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP/EPR/WHO, Geneva March 2008.",
+      "Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998. WHO/EMC",
+      "WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2",
+      "WHO recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever (EHF). WO/EMC/DIS/97.7.",
+      "Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting WHO/EMC/ESR/98.2",
+      "Viral Infections of Humans; Epidemiology and Control. 1989. Evans, A.S. (ed). Plenum Medical Book Company, New York"
+    ]
+  }

Data/Data Preprocessing/ChatbotData/ChatbotDataExtract/en.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+What is your age?
+How old are you?
+What is your occupation, Please type below:, eg: doctor?
+What do you do for a living? Please type below, e.g doctor.
+

Data/Data Preprocessing/ChatbotData/ChatbotDataExtract/lug.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Oli wa emyaka emeka?
+Olina emyaka emeka?
+Okola mulimu ki?, Bambi wandiika wansi: okugeza: musawo
+Kiki ky’okola okwebeezaawo? Bambi wandiika wansi, okugeza musawo

Data/Data Preprocessing/ChatbotData/en_chitchat.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+version: "2.0"
+nlu:
+- intent: chitchat/mood_great
+  examples: |
+    - perfect
+    - great
+    - amazing
+    - feeling like a king
+    - wonderful
+    - I am feeling very good
+    - I am great
+    - I am amazing
+    - I am going to save the world
+    - super stoked
+    - extremely good
+    - so good
+    - so perfect
+    - I am good thanks.
+    - I am okay.
+    - Never better.
+    - I am fine
+    - Great
+    - I am well
+    - Am fine
+    - it has been really great
+    - am great
+    - am good and you?
+    - Am fair
+    - well noted
+
+- intent: chitchat/mood_unhappy
+  examples: |
+    - my day was horrible
+    - I am sad
+    - I don't feel very well
+    - I am disappointed
+    - super sad
+    - I'm so sad
+    - sad
+    - very sad
+    - unhappy
+    - not good
+    - not very good
+    - extremly sad
+    - so saad
+    - so sad
+    - am not fine
+    - am not feeling well
+    - 😭
+    - I am not fine
+    - Nothing, am angry
+- intent: chitchat/bot_challenge
+  examples: |
+    - are you a bot?
+    - are you a human?
+    - are you a dog
+    - are you a sheep
+    - are you a hen
+    - am I talking to a bot?
+    - am I talking to a human?
+    - what is your name?
+    - who am I speaking to?
+    - are you human?
+    - who are you?
+    - what are you?
+    - who is this?
+    - My name is [Atwine](name), what about you?
+    - what is your name by the way?
+    - So is this the Covid -19 robot?
+    - talk to me [Mr.AI](name)
+    - So u are a bot?
+    - my name is [Fred](name)
+    - What's your name
+    - What is your name?
+    - are you the bot?
+    - is your name [jane](name)?
+    - is your name [john](name)?
+    - can I call you [james](name)?
+    - what is your good name? [John Doe](name)?
+- intent: chitchat/how_old_are_you
+  examples: |
+    - how old are you?
+    - what is your age?
+    - how many years do you have?
+    - How old are you?
+- intent: chitchat/you_are_annoying
+  examples: |
+    - you are annoying.
+    - so annoying.
+    - just annoying you are.
+    - you are very annoying.
+    - You are annoying
+    - but that is not what I asked. Can you explain further?
+- intent: chitchat/you_are_bad
+  examples: |
+    - you are bad.
+    - you are terrible.
+    - you are awful.
+    - bad! bad!
+    - You are lying
+    - You're not answering what I am asking
+    - are you damn
+- intent: chitchat/answer_my_question
+  examples: |
+    - answer my question.
+    - please answer my question.
+    - can you answer my question.
+    - that is not what i asked, answer my question.
+    - that is not what I asked.
+    - you did not answer my question.
+- intent: chitchat/can_you_get_smarter
+  examples: |
+    - can you get smarter?
+    - can you evolve and become better?
+    - can you get better and better?
+    - how much smarter can you get?
+- intent: chitchat/who_is_your_boss
+  examples: |
+    - who is your boss?
+    - who made you?
+    - who do you answer to?
+    - who manages you?
+    - who built you?
+- intent: chitchat/are_you_busy
+  examples: |
+    - are you busy?
+    - do you have a minute?
+    - are you occupied?
+    - are you free right now?
+    - You don't seem to want to continue...
+    - can i ask another question please?
+    - Can I ask anothr question?
+    - Can I ask more questions?
+- intent: chitchat/can_you_help_me
+  examples: |
+    - I need your help.
+    - Can you help me.
+    - I need urgent help please.
+    - Are you able to help me?
+    - I need help with something.
+    - Help please.
+    - Help!
+    - I need help?
+    - I need help
+- intent: chitchat/are_you_there
+  examples: |
+    - are you there?
+    - is someone there?
+    - is anybody there?
+    - are you still there?
+    - ??
+    - Are you there?
+    - still there?
+    - anybody home?
+    - still here?
+    - Are you still there?
+- intent: chitchat/great
+  examples: |
+    - great!
+    - nice!
+    - cool.
+    - wow!
+    - cheers!
+    - wonderful.
+    - amazing stuff.
+    - super cool.
+    - super!
+    - incredible.
+    - wowzy.
+    - awesome.
+    - wow
+    - interesting
+    - Interesting!
+    - cool!
+    - cools
+    - super, cool!
+    - Interesting
+- intent: chitchat/well_done
+  examples: |
+    - well done!
+    - great job.
+    - great work there.
+    - this is good.
+    - done well.
+    - job well done.
+    - kudos.
+    - excellent.
+    - fantastic job.
+    - great information there
+- intent: chitchat/no_problem
+  examples: |
+    - no problem.
+    - no worries.
+    - not an issue.
+    - not a big deal.
+    - not a biggie.
+    - no hustle.
+    - don't sweat it.
+    - no sweat!
+- intent: chitchat/laugh
+  examples: |
+    - haha
+    - ha ha ha
+    - Lol!
+    - Lmao
+    - lol
+    - hahaha
+    - haah
+    - you are funny
+    - Lol
+    - hahaha.....
+- intent: chitchat/how_are_you
+  examples: |
+    - how are you?
+    - how is it?
+    - how are you doing?
+    - how is everything?
+- intent: chitchat/nice_to_meet_you
+  examples: |
+    - nice to meet you.
+    - glad to make your acquaintance.
+    - nice to know you.
+- intent: chitchat/nice_to_talk_to_you
+  examples: |
+    - nice to talk to you.
+    - nice chatting with you.
+    - glad to have spoken to you.
+    - I enjoyed our chat.
+- intent: chitchat/nice_to_see_you
+  examples: |
+    - nice to see you.
+    - nice to see you again.
+- intent: chitchat/what_do_you_mean
+  examples: |
+    - what do you mean?
+    - I don't understand.
+    - what does that mean?
+    - Please explain.
+    - You are wrong!
+    - I don't understand
+    - what was that?
+    - What do you mean?
+    - What does that mean?
+- intent: chitchat/sorry
+  examples: |
+    - sorry
+    - i'm sorry
+    - sorry about that.
+    - excuse me.
+    - my apologies
+    - I apologise
+

Data/Data Preprocessing/Flores 101/flores_101-dev (1).parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d5b4ff374d98a0fbdffb0da5db9ef8cb93580c54a9ff4d172b31b1958e48d0cb
+size 114688

Data/Data Preprocessing/Flores 101/flores_101-dev.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a57c2696adcce20a03d509d84b3aff1f5dd62a9bfb9444e25f4a9d7376b7340c
+size 109092

Data/Data Preprocessing/Flores 101/flores_101-devtest (1).parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:5749c7106b760d401c140a92713194440567c41d7dd8c72442090ebaedfdb43d
+size 122664

Data/Data Preprocessing/Flores 101/flores_101-devtest.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:80a2aeaba6298563215c1cd289aec1f4db693a344c92a5b4b034fefae6c3b57c
+size 117479

Data/Data Preprocessing/Flow of Events BMG Prompt.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Flow of Events:
+
+I have two databases (they are in Pdfs):
+1 - National guidelines for  integrated disease
+2 - National Action Plan for Health Security
+
+From the above databases this is what is to be achieved:
+1- Domain Experts to look through the English pdfs and inform us which parts are important.
+2- Extract useful English information from the pdfs (English Info)
+3- Curate English information: we shall get the extracted information and curate it for the OpenAI API
+4 - Test the English workflow from data, training and model creation
+5- The Curated English information will be used to fine-tune the Davinci model through OpenAI API
+6- The model will be served throught he OpenAI API to a front end for client interactions.
+
+Luganda part:
+1- Once we have the Curated English data, we shall translate it to Luganda.
+2 - We will choose tools for translation among: Goole and Getting linguists to confirm translation.
+3 - We will obtain extra data from SunBard.
+4 - We will train a language model.
+5 - We will build an API for it and serve it.
+
+On the whole, when someone types English they get a direct response from the OpenAI API model.
+
+When they type Luganda, they need the luganda model to translate to english the instructions and send them to the OpenAPI model because it only understands English. Then only can the front end app be bi-lingual.
+
+09388

Data/Data Preprocessing/ReadMe.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Steps taken:
+1 - I extracted one disease from the pdf. I realized all the diseases have one template format. I extracted that into Gpt4 and then added just one disease. (This needs to be done for all the diseases or information, we have to figure out a way to represent it.)
+2 - After adding one diseases i asked codeinterpreter to create a json for me, and then flatten that json so pandas can read it.
+3 - I asked Gpt4 to create for me a synthetic dataset based on the format I gave it. I landed on this article: https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/fine-tuning-gpt-3-using-the-open-ai-api-and-python
+The article made things easy for me, using one-shot learning Gpt4 was able to create a dataset for me under simple instructions.
+4 - Now I just need to set up with the API key and test on the API
+
+Another useful link: https://medium.com/@_sumitsaha_/fine-tuning-openais-gpt3-model-fd9cb06517f6#:~:text=Fine%2Dtuning%20allows%20the%20model,efficient%2C%20and%20easier%20to%20train.
+
+Note: This file contains experimentation by Atwine Mostly.

Data/Data Preprocessing/SampleData.json

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the objectives of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response?",
+    "completion": "The objectives of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) are to detect, confirm, and respond to priority diseases and events in a timely manner, reduce morbidity and mortality, and strengthen public health surveillance systems."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the purpose of an investigation in the context of suspected outbreaks and other public health events?",
+    "completion": "The purpose of an investigation in the context of suspected outbreaks and other public health events is to confirm the existence of an outbreak, determine its cause, identify its source and mode of transmission, and implement appropriate control measures."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the role of the laboratory in surveillance and response?",
+    "completion": "The laboratory plays a crucial role in surveillance and response. It is responsible for confirming the diagnosis of priority diseases and conditions through specimen collection, storage, and transportation."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the One Health approach in the identification of events?",
+    "completion": "The One Health approach in the identification of events recognizes that the health of people is connected to the health of animals and the environment. It involves collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the steps for establishing Community Based Surveillance (CBS)?",
+    "completion": "The steps for establishing Community Based Surveillance (CBS) include sensitization of the community, selection of community representatives, training of the CBS team, regular supervision and support, and providing feedback to the community."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are indicator-based surveillance (IBS) and event-based surveillance (EBS)?",
+    "completion": "Indicator-based surveillance (IBS) involves monitoring pre-defined indicators to detect and report priority diseases. Event-based surveillance (EBS) focuses on detecting unusual health events and signals that may indicate a public health threat."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the core functions of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response?",
+    "completion": "The core functions of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) include case detection and confirmation, reporting of priority diseases and events, data analysis and interpretation, response and control measures, and monitoring and evaluation."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the importance of data protection and security in surveillance?",
+    "completion": "Data protection and security are crucial in surveillance to protect patient confidentiality and ensure the privacy of sensitive health information. It helps maintain public trust, compliance with data protection regulations, and the accurate reporting of diseases and events."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How can routine reporting practices be improved in surveillance?",
+    "completion": "Routine reporting practices in surveillance can be improved by supporting supervision at health facilities, keeping records and procedures for managing reporting forms, performing periodic checks on data quality, strengthening linkages between laboratory and surveillance information, and promoting a One Health approach."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the steps for investigating suspected outbreaks and other public health events?",
+    "completion": "The steps for investigating suspected outbreaks and other public health events include verifying and confirming the outbreak, defining and searching for additional cases, developing a line list, analyzing data about the outbreak, writing and disseminating findings, and implementing prevention and control measures."
+  }
+]

Data/Data Preprocessing/Training Data V1/train_gpt_prepared.jsonl

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{"prompt":"What is Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Acute haemorrhagic fever syndromes can be attributable to Ebola and Marburg viral diseases (filoviridae); Lassa fever (arenaviridae), Rift Valley fever (RVF) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) (bunyaviridae); dengue (dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF)) and yellow fever (flaviviridae); and other viral, bacterial or rickettsial diseases with potential to produce epidemics. All cases of acute viral haemorrhagic fever syndrome whether single or in clusters, should be immediately notified without waiting for the causal agent to be identified.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What is the surveillance goal for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Early detection of acute viral haemorrhagic fever syndrome cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the aetiology of all suspected cases. Investigation of all suspected cases with contact tracing. During epidemics, most infected patients do not show haemorrhagic symptoms and a specific case definition according to the suspected or confirmed disease should be used (e.g. case definitions for Ebola-Marburg, CCHF, RVF, Lassa, DHF, and yellow fever).\n"}
+{"prompt":"What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Illness with onset of fever and no response to treatment for usual causes of fever in the area, and at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhea, bleeding from gums, bleeding into skin (purpura), bleeding into eyes and urine.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" A suspected case with laboratory confirmation or epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak. Note: During an outbreak, case definitions may be changed to correspond to the local event.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How to respond to alert threshold if a single case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome is suspected?","completion":" Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels. Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients and strict barrier nursing techniques implemented. Standard precautions should be enhanced throughout the health care setting. Treat and manage the patient with supportive care. Collect specimen safely to confirm the case. Conduct case-contact follow-up and active case search for additional cases.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How to respond to alert threshold if a single case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome is confirmed?","completion":" Maintain strict VHF infection control practices* throughout the outbreak. Mobilize the community for early detection and care and conduct community education about how the disease is transmitted and how to implement infection control in the home care setting and during funerals. Conduct case-contact follow-up and active searches for additional cases that may not come to the health care setting. Request additional help from other levels as needed. Establish isolation ward to handle additional cases that may come to the health centre.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Implement immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths. Analyze age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors and plan disease control interventions accordingly.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Graph cases and deaths daily\/weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Map locations of cases' households and work sites.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What is the laboratory confirmation diagnostic test for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Presence of IgM antibodies against Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, Lassa or West Nile Fever or Presence of Ebola in post-mortem skin necropsy\n"}
+{"prompt":"What are the laboratory confirmation specimen types for ELISA, PCR, and Immunohistochemistry in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" For ELISA: Whole blood, serum or plasma. For PCR: Whole blood or blood clot, serum\/plasma or tissue. For Immunohistochemistry: Skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases.\n"}
+{"prompt":"When to collect specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Collect specimen from the first suspected case. If more than one suspected case, collect until specimens have been collected from 5 to10 suspected cases.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How to prepare, store, and transport specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Handle and transport specimens from suspected vhf patients with extreme caution. Wear protective clothing and use barrier precautions. For ELISA or PCR: Refrigerate serum or clot Freeze (-20C or colder) tissue specimens for virus isolation For Immunohistochemistry: Fix skin snip specimen in formalin. Specimen can be stored up to 6 weeks. The specimen is not infectious once it is in formalin. Store at room temperature. Formalin-fixed specimens may be transported at room temperature\n"}
+{"prompt":"What are the results of laboratory confirmation for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Diagnostic services for VHF are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for VHF diagnostic services. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO\n"}
+{"prompt":"What are the references for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP\/EPR\/WHO, Geneva March 2008.; Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998. WHO\/EMC; WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO\/CDS\/CSR\/ISR\/99.2; WHO recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever (EHF). WO\/EMC\/DIS\/97.7.; Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting WHO\/EMC\/ESR\/98.2; Viral Infections of Humans; Epidemiology and Control. 1989. Evans, A.S. (ed). Plenum Medical Book Company, New York\n"}

Data/Data Preprocessing/Training Data V1/validate_gpt_prepared.jsonl

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{"prompt":"What are the common causes of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Acute haemorrhagic fever syndromes can be caused by Ebola and Marburg viral diseases, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, and yellow fever. Other viral, bacterial or rickettsial diseases with potential to produce epidemics can also cause this syndrome.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What is the main goal of surveillance for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" The main goal is early detection of cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the aetiology of all suspected cases. It also includes investigation of all suspected cases with contact tracing.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What are the symptoms of a suspected case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" A suspected case is characterized by the onset of fever and no response to treatment for usual causes of fever in the area, and at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhea, bleeding from gums, bleeding into skin (purpura), bleeding into eyes and urine.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How is a confirmed case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome defined?","completion":" A confirmed case is a suspected case with laboratory confirmation or epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What actions should be taken if a single case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome is suspected?","completion":" Immediate reporting of case-based information to the appropriate levels is required. Suspected cases should be isolated, strict barrier nursing techniques implemented, and standard precautions enhanced throughout the health care setting. The patient should be treated and managed with supportive care, and a specimen should be collected safely to confirm the case. Case-contact follow-up and active case search for additional cases should be conducted.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What actions should be taken if a single case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome is confirmed?","completion":" Strict VHF infection control practices should be maintained throughout the outbreak. The community should be mobilized for early detection and care, and community education about disease transmission and infection control in the home care setting and during funerals should be conducted. Case-contact follow-up and active searches for additional cases that may not come to the health care setting should be conducted. Additional help from other levels may be requested as needed, and an isolation ward should be established to handle additional cases.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How should data about a person with Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be analyzed and interpreted?","completion":" Immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths should be implemented. Age and sex distribution should be analyzed, risk factors assessed, and disease control interventions planned accordingly.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How should data about time in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be analyzed and interpreted?","completion":" Cases and deaths should be graphed daily or weekly, and an epidemic curve should be constructed during the outbreak.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How should data about place in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be analyzed and interpreted?","completion":" The locations of cases' households and work sites should be mapped.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What is the laboratory confirmation diagnostic test for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" The presence of IgM antibodies against Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, Lassa or West Nile Fever or the presence of Ebola in post-mortem skin necropsy can confirm the diagnosis.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What are the laboratory confirmation specimen types for ELISA, PCR, and Immunohistochemistry in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" For ELISA, whole blood, serum or plasma is needed. For PCR, whole blood or blood clot, serum\/plasma or tissue is required. For Immunohistochemistry, skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases are needed.\n"}
+{"prompt":"When should specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be collected?","completion":" A specimen should be collected from the first suspected case. If there is more than one suspected case, collection should continue until specimens have been collected from 5 to10 suspected cases.\n"}
+{"prompt":"How should specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be prepared, stored, and transported?","completion":" Specimens should be handled and transported with extreme caution. Protective clothing should be worn and barrier precautions used. For ELISA or PCR, serum or clot should be refrigerated and tissue specimens frozen. For Immunohistochemistry, a skin snip specimen should be fixed in formalin and can be stored up to 6 weeks at room temperature.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What are the results of laboratory confirmation for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Diagnostic services for VHF are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for VHF diagnostic services. The appropriate National authority or WHO should be contacted.\n"}
+{"prompt":"What are the references for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?","completion":" Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP\/EPR\/WHO, Geneva March 2008.; Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998. WHO\/EMC; WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO\/CDS\/CSR\/ISR\/99.2; WHO recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever (EHF). WO\/EMC\/DIS\/97.7.; Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting WHO\/EMC\/ESR\/98.2; Viral Infections of Humans; Epidemiology and Control. 1989. Evans, A.S. (ed). Plenum Medical Book Company, New York\n"}

Data/Data Preprocessing/accute_haemorrhagic_flattened_json.json

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[
+    {
+      "disease": "Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome",
+      "background_diseaseInfo": "Acute haemorrhagic fever syndromes can be attributable to Ebola and Marburg viral diseases (filoviridae); Lassa fever (arenaviridae), Rift Valley fever (RVF) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) (bunyaviridae); dengue (dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF)) and yellow fever (flaviviridae); and other viral, bacterial or rickettsial diseases with potential to produce epidemics. All cases of acute viral haemorrhagic fever syndrome whether single or in clusters, should be immediately notified without waiting for the causal agent to be identified.",
+      "surveillanceGoal": "Early detection of acute viral haemorrhagic fever syndrome cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the aetiology of all suspected cases. Investigation of all suspected cases with contact tracing. During epidemics, most infected patients do not show haemorrhagic symptoms and a specific case definition according to the suspected or confirmed disease should be used (e.g. case definitions for Ebola-Marburg, CCHF, RVF, Lassa, DHF, and yellow fever).",
+      "standardCaseDefinition_suspectedCase": "Illness with onset of fever and no response to treatment for usual causes of fever in the area, and at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhea, bleeding from gums, bleeding into skin (purpura), bleeding into eyes and urine.",
+      "standardCaseDefinition_confirmedCase": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation or epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak. Note: During an outbreak, case definitions may be changed to correspond to the local event.",
+      "respondToAlertThreshold_ifSingleCaseSuspected": "Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels. Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients and strict barrier nursing techniques implemented. Standard precautions should be enhanced throughout the health care setting. Treat and manage the patient with supportive care. Collect specimen safely to confirm the case. Conduct case-contact follow-up and active case search for additional cases.",
+      "respondToAlertThreshold_ifSingleCaseConfirmed": "Maintain strict VHF infection control practices* throughout the outbreak. Mobilize the community for early detection and care and conduct community education about how the disease is transmitted and how to implement infection control in the home care setting and during funerals. Conduct case-contact follow-up and active searches for additional cases that may not come to the health care setting. Request additional help from other levels as needed. Establish isolation ward to handle additional cases that may come to the health centre.",
+      "analyzeAndInterpretData_person": "Implement immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths. Analyze age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors and plan disease control interventions accordingly.",
+      "analyzeAndInterpretData_time": "Graph cases and deaths daily/weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak.",
+      "analyzeAndInterpretData_place": "Map locations of cases' households and work sites.",
+      "laboratoryConfirmation_diagnosticTest": "Presence of IgM antibodies against Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, Lassa or West Nile Fever or Presence of Ebola in post-mortem skin necropsy",
+      "laboratoryConfirmation_specimen_forElisa": "Whole blood, serum or plasma",
+      "laboratoryConfirmation_specimen_forPCR": "Whole blood or blood clot, serum/plasma or tissue",
+      "laboratoryConfirmation_specimen_forImmunohistochemistry": "Skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases.",
+      "laboratoryConfirmation_whenToCollect": "Collect specimen from the first suspected case. If more than one suspected case, collect until specimens have been collected from 5 to10 suspected cases.",
+      "laboratoryConfirmation_howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Handle and transport specimens from suspected vhf patients with extreme caution. Wear protective clothing and use barrier precautions. For ELISA or PCR: Refrigerate serum or clot Freeze (-20C or colder) tissue specimens for virus isolation For Immunohistochemistry: Fix skin snip specimen in formalin. Specimen can be stored up to 6 weeks. The specimen is not infectious once it is in formalin. Store at room temperature. Formalin-fixed specimens may be transported at room temperature",
+      "laboratoryConfirmation_results": "Diagnostic services for VHF are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for VHF diagnostic services. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO",
+      "reference": "Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP/EPR/WHO, Geneva March 2008.; Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998. WHO/EMC; WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2; WHO recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever (EHF). WO/EMC/DIS/97.7.; Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting WHO/EMC/ESR/98.2; Viral Infections of Humans; Epidemiology and Control. 1989. Evans, A.S. (ed). Plenum Medical Book Company, New York"
+    }
+  ]
+  

Data/Data Preprocessing/json_data_template.json

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+    "disease": "",
+    "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "",
+      "transmissionRoutes": "",
+      "priorityReason": "",
+      "riskFactors": "",
+      "additionalInfo": ""
+    },
+    "surveillanceGoal": "",
+    "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "",
+      "probableCase": "",
+      "confirmedCase": ""
+    },
+    "respondToAlertThreshold": "",
+    "respondToActionThreshold": "",
+    "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "",
+      "time": "",
+      "place": ""
+    },
+    "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "",
+      "specimen": "",
+      "whenToCollect": "",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "",
+      "results": ""
+    },
+    "reference": []
+}

Data/Data Preprocessing/syntheticdatav1_haemorr_fever.json

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+[
+    {
+      "prompt": "What is Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Acute haemorrhagic fever syndromes can be attributable to Ebola and Marburg viral diseases (filoviridae); Lassa fever (arenaviridae), Rift Valley fever (RVF) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) (bunyaviridae); dengue (dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF)) and yellow fever (flaviviridae); and other viral, bacterial or rickettsial diseases with potential to produce epidemics. All cases of acute viral haemorrhagic fever syndrome whether single or in clusters, should be immediately notified without waiting for the causal agent to be identified.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Early detection of acute viral haemorrhagic fever syndrome cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the aetiology of all suspected cases. Investigation of all suspected cases with contact tracing. During epidemics, most infected patients do not show haemorrhagic symptoms and a specific case definition according to the suspected or confirmed disease should be used (e.g. case definitions for Ebola-Marburg, CCHF, RVF, Lassa, DHF, and yellow fever).\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Illness with onset of fever and no response to treatment for usual causes of fever in the area, and at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhea, bleeding from gums, bleeding into skin (purpura), bleeding into eyes and urine.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation or epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak. Note: During an outbreak, case definitions may be changed to correspond to the local event.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How to respond to alert threshold if a single case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome is suspected?",
+      "completion": "Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels. Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients and strict barrier nursing techniques implemented. Standard precautions should be enhanced throughout the health care setting. Treat and manage the patient with supportive care. Collect specimen safely to confirm the case. Conduct case-contact follow-up and active case search for additional cases.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How to respond to alert threshold if a single case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome is confirmed?",
+      "completion": "Maintain strict VHF infection control practices* throughout the outbreak. Mobilize the community for early detection and care and conduct community education about how the disease is transmitted and how to implement infection control in the home care setting and during funerals. Conduct case-contact follow-up and active searches for additional cases that may not come to the health care setting. Request additional help from other levels as needed. Establish isolation ward to handle additional cases that may come to the health centre.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Implement immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths. Analyze age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors and plan disease control interventions accordingly.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Graph cases and deaths daily/weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Map locations of cases' households and work sites.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What is the laboratory confirmation diagnostic test for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Presence of IgM antibodies against Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, Lassa or West Nile Fever or Presence of Ebola in post-mortem skin necropsy\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What are the laboratory confirmation specimen types for ELISA, PCR, and Immunohistochemistry in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "For ELISA: Whole blood, serum or plasma. For PCR: Whole blood or blood clot, serum/plasma or tissue. For Immunohistochemistry: Skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "When to collect specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Collect specimen from the first suspected case. If more than one suspected case, collect until specimens have been collected from 5 to10 suspected cases.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How to prepare, store, and transport specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Handle and transport specimens from suspected vhf patients with extreme caution. Wear protective clothing and use barrier precautions. For ELISA or PCR: Refrigerate serum or clot Freeze (-20C or colder) tissue specimens for virus isolation For Immunohistochemistry: Fix skin snip specimen in formalin. Specimen can be stored up to 6 weeks. The specimen is not infectious once it is in formalin. Store at room temperature. Formalin-fixed specimens may be transported at room temperature\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What are the results of laboratory confirmation for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Diagnostic services for VHF are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for VHF diagnostic services. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What are the references for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP/EPR/WHO, Geneva March 2008.; Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998. WHO/EMC; WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2; WHO recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever (EHF). WO/EMC/DIS/97.7.; Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting WHO/EMC/ESR/98.2; Viral Infections of Humans; Epidemiology and Control. 1989. Evans, A.S. (ed). Plenum Medical Book Company, New York\n"
+    }
+  ]

Data/Data Preprocessing/validationdatav1_haemorr_fever.json

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+[
+    {
+      "prompt": "What are the common causes of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Acute haemorrhagic fever syndromes can be caused by Ebola and Marburg viral diseases, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, and yellow fever. Other viral, bacterial or rickettsial diseases with potential to produce epidemics can also cause this syndrome.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What is the main goal of surveillance for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "The main goal is early detection of cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the aetiology of all suspected cases. It also includes investigation of all suspected cases with contact tracing.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What are the symptoms of a suspected case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "A suspected case is characterized by the onset of fever and no response to treatment for usual causes of fever in the area, and at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhea, bleeding from gums, bleeding into skin (purpura), bleeding into eyes and urine.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How is a confirmed case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome defined?",
+      "completion": "A confirmed case is a suspected case with laboratory confirmation or epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What actions should be taken if a single case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome is suspected?",
+      "completion": "Immediate reporting of case-based information to the appropriate levels is required. Suspected cases should be isolated, strict barrier nursing techniques implemented, and standard precautions enhanced throughout the health care setting. The patient should be treated and managed with supportive care, and a specimen should be collected safely to confirm the case. Case-contact follow-up and active case search for additional cases should be conducted.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What actions should be taken if a single case of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome is confirmed?",
+      "completion": "Strict VHF infection control practices should be maintained throughout the outbreak. The community should be mobilized for early detection and care, and community education about disease transmission and infection control in the home care setting and during funerals should be conducted. Case-contact follow-up and active searches for additional cases that may not come to the health care setting should be conducted. Additional help from other levels may be requested as needed, and an isolation ward should be established to handle additional cases.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How should data about a person with Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be analyzed and interpreted?",
+      "completion": "Immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths should be implemented. Age and sex distribution should be analyzed, risk factors assessed, and disease control interventions planned accordingly.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be analyzed and interpreted?",
+      "completion": "Cases and deaths should be graphed daily or weekly, and an epidemic curve should be constructed during the outbreak.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be analyzed and interpreted?",
+      "completion": "The locations of cases' households and work sites should be mapped.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What is the laboratory confirmation diagnostic test for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "The presence of IgM antibodies against Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, Lassa or West Nile Fever or the presence of Ebola in post-mortem skin necropsy can confirm the diagnosis.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What are the laboratory confirmation specimen types for ELISA, PCR, and Immunohistochemistry in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "For ELISA, whole blood, serum or plasma is needed. For PCR, whole blood or blood clot, serum/plasma or tissue is required. For Immunohistochemistry, skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases are needed.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "When should specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be collected?",
+      "completion": "A specimen should be collected from the first suspected case. If there is more than one suspected case, collection should continue until specimens have been collected from 5 to10 suspected cases.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "How should specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome be prepared, stored, and transported?",
+      "completion": "Specimens should be handled and transported with extreme caution. Protective clothing should be worn and barrier precautions used. For ELISA or PCR, serum or clot should be refrigerated and tissue specimens frozen. For Immunohistochemistry, a skin snip specimen should be fixed in formalin and can be stored up to 6 weeks at room temperature.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What are the results of laboratory confirmation for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Diagnostic services for VHF are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for VHF diagnostic services. The appropriate National authority or WHO should be contacted.\n"
+    },
+    {
+      "prompt": "What are the references for Acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome?",
+      "completion": "Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP/EPR/WHO, Geneva March 2008.; Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998. WHO/EMC; WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2; WHO recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever (EHF). WO/EMC/DIS/97.7.; Infection Control for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting WHO/EMC/ESR/98.2; Viral Infections of Humans; Epidemiology and Control. 1989. Evans, A.S. (ed). Plenum Medical Book Company, New York\n"
+    }
+  ]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus that had not been previously identified in humans and therefore no population- level immunity exists. This virus belongs to the coronaviridae family grouped together in 1968 due to existence of crown-like appearances on their cell membrane.The virus is highly transmissible by way of inhalaton of respiratory droplets, contact with contaminated objects and surfaces or occasionally by aerosol inhalation. It attacks the respiratory, intestinal and brain tissues. Infection from SARS-CoV-2 results in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which manifests along a spectrum ranging from mild to severe symptoms; in severe cases, death can occur due to complication from the disease.Risk factors for developing severe forms/ complications of the disease are; Age > 65 years, heart conditions such as history of heart attack or stroke, Diabetes Mellitus, Sickle cell disease, Cancer patients whether or not on chemotherapy, Advanced liver disease, Person living with HIV, Lung diseases (e.g. asthma, TB, COPD), Kidney disease and Severe Acute Malnutrition.Incubation period is on average 5-6 days, but varies from 1-14 days.The early symptoms of COVID-19, including fever, myalgia, and fatigue might be confused with malaria and other febrile infections. This non-specific presentation can lead to challenges in early clinical diagnosis and management.Coronavirus disease was first reported from Wuhan State in China in December 2019 and declared by WHO as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and later a pandemic on the 11th March, 2020. Uganda reported her index case on the 21st March 2020 subsequently Uganda has reported more cases of the disease with widespread community transmission. By the 31st October 2020 the country had a cumulative number of 12495 confirmed cases and cumulative 111 deaths.There is currently no therapeutic with proven effectiveness for COVID-19. Treatment is mainly supportive."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Early detection of COVID-19 cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the cause of all suspected cases. Identify contacts and Investigate all suspected cases using a case definition according to the suspected, probable or confirmed disease should be used.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase(sporadic or cluster)": "A) Any person with acute respiratory illness (Temperature greater 37.5°C and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory infection such as cough or shortness of breath) and no other cause that fully explains the clinical presentation and no other history that fully explains the clinical presentation AND history of travel in the last 14 days before onset to an area reporting local transmission of COVID-19. OR B) Any person with acute respiratory illness (Temperature greater 37.5°C and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory infection such as cough or shortness of breath) and no other cause that fully explains the clinical presentation and no other history that fully explains the clinical presentation AND requiring hospitalization.OR C) Any person with acute respiratory illness (Temperature greater 37.5°C and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory infection such as cough or shortness of breath) and no other cause that fully explains the clinical presentation and no other history that fully explains the clinical presentation AND history of contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 Case in the last 14 days before development of symptoms.",
+      "suspectedCase(Community transmission pattern)": "Any person or groups of persons with flu like symptoms such as fever, running nose, sneezing, sore throat and difficulty in breathing.",
+      "probable case": "A) A suspect case for whom tests for COVID-19 are inconclusive OR B) A suspect case for whom tests could not be performed for any reason.",
+      "confirmedCOVID-19Case": "A person with confirmed COVID-19 infection irrespective of the presence of clinical signs and symptoms Contact: Any person who experienced any one of the following exposures during the 2 days before and the 14 days after the onset of symptoms of a probable or confirmed case;1. Face –to-face contact with a probable or confirmed case within 2 meters and for more than 15 minutes; 2. Direct physical contact with a probable or confirmed case;3. Direct care for a patient with probable or confirmed COVID-19 disease without using proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).Note For confirmed asymptomatic cases, the period of contact is measured as the 2 days before through the 14 days after the date on which the sample was taken which led to confirmation."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If no case is identified in the country but Cases elsewhere.Phase 1. Aim to prevent entry of cases into the territory. Establish controls at the points of entry.If a single case is suspected:Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels.Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients/people with at least 2 metres and strict infection prevention procedures should be implemented. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) precautions should be enhanced throughout the health care setting and in communities.Suspect should be instructed to wear at least medical or cloth mask and practice appropriate hand hygiene. If possible, dedicated toilet facilities should be made available.Treat and manage the patient with supportive care.Collect the appropriate specimen while observing strict IPC procedures to confirm the case.Complete a laboratory request form, use triple packaging of the specimens (see detailed SOP for triple packaging) and mark well the containers to warn of a potential laboratory biosafety risk.Conduct case-contact tracing and follow-up and active case search for additional cases (See detailed SOP for contact tracing and follow up).If a single case is confirmed:Maintain strict COVID-19) infection prevention and control (IPC) practices throughout the outbreak (Refer to IPC guidelines).Mobilize the community for high index of suspicion, early detection and carConduct community education on how the disease is transmitted and how to implement IPC in the home care setting and during gatherings (e.g. funerals and burials). Consider social distancing strategies at every event.Conduct case-contact identification and proceed based on the stage of infection; Phase 2: Continue measures for phase 1 and put containment measures in place, identify and quarantine high risk persons and isolate suspects/cases.Phase 3: Continue with phase 1, Identify cases and do contact tracing test only those who are symptomatic. Phase 4: Continue Phase 1and 3. Conduct Mitigation (Syndromic surveillance, shielding of vulnerable population, admit only symptomatic cases, provide home based care for the asymptomatic cases).Request additional help from other levels whenever needed.Establish an isolation ward or treatment centre to handle additional cases that may come to the health centre and ensure strict IPC measures to avoid transmission in health care settings.Suspected cases should be isolated and treated for more common conditions with similar symptoms, which might include malaria, pneumonia. Ensure a barrier is instituted between suspected and confirmed cases.Provide psychosocial support for the family, community and staff.Consider quarantine for high risk contacts with home support during the incubation period and ensure daily follow up of their movements and regular checks to establish development of symptoms.COVID-19 vaccines are still in development so;Treat conservatively the symptoms which might be present based on the National COVID-19 treatment guidelines; severe cases may require intensive care support; if dehydrated ensure fluid replacement with fluids that contain electrolytes, if reduced oxygen saturation (<92%) provide oxygen therapy, provide oxygen if difficulty breathing or evidence of severe disease.A range of potential treatment options including blood products, immune therapies, and drug therapies are under study but no definitive treatment for COVID-19 has been identified as yet.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Initiate immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths. Analyse age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors and plan outbreak response interventions accordingly.",
+      "time": "Plot a graph of cases and deaths daily/weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak.",
+      "place": "Map locations of cases households and work sites using available national system e.g. Village Health team (VHT). If you have a Geographical Positioning System (GPS) gadget, this"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Diagnostic test: Viral and antibody tests. Diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of Viral RNA detected by molecular testing, usually RT-PCR.",
+      "specimen": "Nasal or Oropharyngeal swab.",
+      "whenToCollect": "For each new area affected by the outbreak, laboratory confirmation should be done. Collect nasal or oral pharyngeal swab from suspected COVID-19 cases or contacts of confirmed cases.Provide for treatment based on symptoms for mild case and severe cases (refer to treatment guidelines for COVID-19)",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "• Use flexible Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal swab to collect specimens,Leave swab in place for several seconds to absorb secretions. Slowly remove the swab while rotating it.Place specimen (nasal or oropharyngeal swab) in viral transport media (VTM), triple packaged and labeled appropriately.Store collected specimens at temperatures of 2 – 8 °C until ready to send to the reference laboratory.Specimens may be held at this temperature for up to 72 hours. Specimens must be received reference Laboratories within three days of being collected.",
+      "results": "COVID-19 tests may not be routinely performed in all laboratories.Return and communication of results is done through centralized electronic result down load system. Results are uploaded in to this system by accredited COVID -19 testing laboratories into electronic results dispatch system (eRDS).Results are always received within 48 to 72 hours.The country along with the neighbours have set up the Regional Electronic data and driver tracking system (RECDTS) in 15 points of entry at the border posts (Malaba, Kitagate, Elegu, Busia, Mutukula, Mpondwe, Bunagana, Vurra, Mirama Hills, Padea, Goli, Suam, Lwakhakha, Lia and Odramacako) which enables access to results of tested truck drivers by the authorities."
+  },
+  "reference": [
+      "Benjamin J Cowling, Allison E Aiello, Public Health Measures to Slow Community Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019,The Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa123",
+      "WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report 91",
+      "Coronavirus: The four stages of a global pandemic; 2020. Available from: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-the-four- stages-of-a-global-pandemic/stage-1/slideshow/74884278.cms",
+      "WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report 72",
+      "WHO. Responding to community spread of COVID-19, Interim Guidance. 202",
+      "National guidelines for management of COVID-19 in Uganda, 2020"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+[
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)?",
+      "completion": "Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus that had not been previously identified in humans and therefore no population-level immunity exists. This virus belongs to the coronaviridae family grouped together in 1968 due to existence of crown-like appearances on their cell membrane. The virus is highly transmissible by way of inhalation of respiratory droplets, contact with contaminated objects and surfaces or occasionally by aerosol inhalation. It attacks the respiratory, intestinal and brain tissues."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)?",
+      "completion": "Early detection of COVID-19 cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the cause of all suspected cases. Identify contacts and Investigate all suspected cases using a case definition according to the suspected, probable or confirmed disease should be used."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case (sporadic or cluster) of SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "A suspected case can be any person with acute respiratory illness (Temperature greater 37.5°C and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory infection such as cough or shortness of breath) and no other cause that fully explains the clinical presentation and no other history that fully explains the clinical presentation. This can be a person with a history of travel in the last 14 days before onset to an area reporting local transmission of COVID-19, a person requiring hospitalization, or a person with a history of contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 Case in the last 14 days before development of symptoms."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case (community transmission pattern) of SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "Any person or groups of persons with flu like symptoms such as fever, running nose, sneezing, sore throat and difficulty in breathing."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a probable case of SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "A probable case is a suspect case for whom tests for COVID-19 are inconclusive OR a suspect case for whom tests could not be performed for any reason."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "A confirmed case is a person with confirmed COVID-19 infection irrespective of the presence of clinical signs and symptoms. Any person who experienced any one of the following exposures during the 2 days before and the 14 days after the onset of symptoms of a probable or confirmed case is considered a contact: 1. Face-to-face contact with a probable or confirmed case within 2 meters and for more than 15 minutes; 2. Direct physical contact with a probable or confirmed case; 3. Direct care for a patient with probable or confirmed COVID-19 disease without using proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to respond to alert threshold if a single case of SARS-CoV-2 is suspected or confirmed?",
+      "completion": "If a single case is suspected, the individual should be reported immediately to the appropriate levels. Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients/people with at least 2 metres and strict infection prevention procedures should be implemented. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) precautions should be enhanced throughout the health care setting and in communities. Suspect should be instructed to wear at least a medical or cloth mask and practice appropriate hand hygiene. If possible, dedicated toilet facilities should be made available. If a single case is confirmed, strict COVID-19 infection prevention and control practices should be maintained throughout the outbreak."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "Initiate immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths. Analyze age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors and plan outbreak response interventions accordingly."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "Plot a graph of cases and deaths daily/weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "Map locations of cases' households and work sites using available national systems."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the laboratory confirmation diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "Diagnostic test: Viral and antibody tests. Diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of Viral RNA detected by molecular testing, usually RT-PCR."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the laboratory confirmation specimen types for SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "Nasal or Oropharyngeal swab."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "When to collect specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "For each new area affected by the outbreak, laboratory confirmation should be done. Collect nasal or oral pharyngeal swab from suspected COVID-19 cases or contacts of confirmed cases.Provide for treatment based on symptoms for mild case and severe cases (refer to treatment guidelines for COVID-19)"
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to prepare, store, and transport specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "Use flexible Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal swab to collect specimens, leave swab in place for several seconds to absorb secretions. Slowly remove the swab while rotating it. Place specimen (nasal or oropharyngeal swab) in viral transport media (VTM), triple packaged and labeled appropriately. Store collected specimens at temperatures of 2 – 8 °C until ready to send to the reference laboratory. Specimens may be held at this temperature for up to 72 hours. Specimens must be received reference Laboratories within three days of being collected."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the results of laboratory confirmation for SARS-CoV-2?",
+      "completion": "COVID-19 tests may not be routinely performed in all laboratories. Return and communication of results is done through centralized electronic result download system. Results are uploaded into this system by accredited COVID -19 testing laboratories into electronic results dispatch system (eRDS). Results are always received within 48 to 72 hours. The country along with the neighbours have set up the Regional Electronic data and driver tracking system (RECDTS) in 15 points of entry at the border posts which enables access to results of tested truck drivers by the authorities."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for SARS-CoV-2?",
+    "completion": "1. Benjamin J Cowling, Allison E Aiello, Public Health Measures to Slow Community Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa123.\n2. WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report 91.\n3. Coronavirus: The four stages of a global pandemic; 2020. Available from: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-the-four-stages-of-a-global-pandemic/stage-1/slideshow/74884278.cms.\n4. WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report 72.\n5. WHO. Responding to community spread of COVID-19, Interim Guidance. 202.\n6. National guidelines for management of COVID-19 in Uganda, 2020."
+}
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Acute Viral hepatitis_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Acute viral hepatitis",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Viral hepatitis A and viral hepatitis E: Enterically transmitted HAV and HEV are a worldwide problem. Common source epidemics have been related to contaminated water and to contamination via infected food handlers. In general, both HAV and HEV are self-limiting viral infections; case fatality is normally low (0.1 _ 0.3%). Women in the third trimester of pregnancy are especially susceptible to fulminant HEV disease. Both HAV and HEV are transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Prevention and control measures for hepatitis A and hepatitis E include adequate supplies of safe-drinking water and improvement of sanitary and hygienic practices to eliminate faecal contamination of food and water. Viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C: Estimates indicate that worldwide, there are 350 million carriers of hepatitis B virus and 170 million carriers of hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis B and C epidemics are uncommon. Chronic infection and severe sequelae occur with hepatitis B_ an estimated 15% to 25% of chronically infected persons will die prematurely of either cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic infection is common in hepatitis C and 5% to 20% of those infected with HCV may develop cirrhosis. There seems to be a connection between HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B is transmitted by percutaneous or permucosal exposure to blood or other infectious body fluids. Major modes of transmission include sexual contact with an infected person, perinatal transmission from mother to infant, shared needles or syringes among injecting drug users, household contact (e.g., communally used razors and toothbrushes) and nosocomial exposure (transfusions, unsafe injection practices). In most countries where HBV is highly endemic, most infections occur during infancy and early childhood. Hepatitis C is transmitted by parenteral exposure to blood and plasma derivatives. It is found in highest concentrations in blood. The major causes of HCV infection worldwide are use of unscreened blood transfusions and re-use of needles and syringes that have not been adequately sterilised. Prevention and control measures for hepatitis B and C include transfusion safety, safe and appropriate use of injections and vaccination (hepatitis B). There is no specific treatment for acute viral hepatitis A, B, C and D."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Detect hepatitis outbreaks. Identify areas/populations at high risk to target prevention and control measures. Estimate burden of disease. If countrywide surveillance is not possible, surveillance in sentinel areas or hospitals may provide useful information on potential sources of infection.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "Any person with acute illness typically including acute jaundice, dark urine, anorexia, malaise, extreme fatigue, and right upper quadrant tenderness. (Note: infected children are often asymptomatic.)",
+      "confirmedCase": "A suspected case that is laboratory confirmed"
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If hepatitis cases are suspected: Report case-based information to the appropriate levels. As necessary, treat and manage the patient(s) with supportive care. Collect specimens and send to laboratory to identify the aetiology of the illness",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If hepatitis cases are confirmed: Determine mode of transmission. Identify population exposed to risk of infection. Eliminate common source(s) of infection. Implement appropriate prevention and control interventions",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Analyze by age and gender. Assess risk factors to plan and monitor prevention and control measures.",
+      "time": "Analysis of suspected and confirmed cases by week.    Graph cases and deaths weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during outbreaks.",
+      "place": "Plot location of case households."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Hepatitis A: IgM anti-HAV positive. Hepatitis B: +ve for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) or IgM anti-HBc positive. Hepatitis C: Anti-HCV positive. Hepatitis D: HBsAg positive or IgM anti-HBc positive plus anti-HDV positive (only as co-infection or super-infection of hepatitis B). Hepatitis E: IgM anti-HEV positive and/or IgG anti-HEV positive",
+      "specimen": "Serum",
+      "whenToCollect": "Specimens should be collected from suspected patient. IgM anti-HAV becomes detectable 5-10 days after exposure. HBsAg can be detected in serum from several weeks before onset of symptoms to days, weeks or months after onset; it persists in chronic infections. IgM anti-HBc positive usually disappears within 6 months.",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Use universal precautions to minimize exposure to sharps and any body fluid. Collect 5-10 ml of venous blood. Let clot retract for 30 to 60 minutes at room temperature or centrifuge to separate serum from red blood cells. Aseptically pour off serum into sterile, screw capped tubes. Store serum at 4°C. For storage >5 days, samples are held at -20°C. Transport serum samples using appropriate packaging to prevent breakage or leakage.",
+      "results": "Results are usually available within one to 3 days from arrival in the laboratory"
+  },
+  "reference": [
+      "WHO Recommended Strategies for Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases; WHO/CDS/CPE/SMT/2001.13",
+      "WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2",
+      "WHO Fact Sheet No 328, Hepatitis A, revised May 2008.",
+      "WHO Fact Sheet No 204, Hepatitis B, revised August 2008",
+      "WHO Fact Sheet No 164, Hepatitis C.",
+      "WHO Fact Sheet No 280, Hepatitis E, revised January 2005.",
+      "World Health Organization http://www.who.int/topics/hepatitis/en/",
+      "United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/",
+      "Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Viral hepatitis A and viral hepatitis E: Enterically transmitted HAV and HEV are a worldwide problem. Common source epidemics have been related to contaminated water and to contamination via infected food handlers. In general, both HAV and HEV are self-limiting viral infections; case fatality is normally low (0.1 _ 0.3%). Women in the third trimester of pregnancy are especially susceptible to fulminant HEV disease. Both HAV and HEV are transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Prevention and control measures for hepatitis A and hepatitis E include adequate supplies of safe-drinking water and improvement of sanitary and hygienic practices to eliminate faecal contamination of food and water. Viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C: Estimates indicate that worldwide, there are 350 million carriers of hepatitis B virus and 170 million carriers of hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis B and C epidemics are uncommon. Chronic infection and severe sequelae occur with hepatitis B_ an estimated 15% to 25% of chronically infected persons will die prematurely of either cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic infection is common in hepatitis C and 5% to 20% of those infected with HCV may develop cirrhosis. There seems to be a connection between HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B is transmitted by percutaneous or permucosal exposure to blood or other infectious body fluids. Major modes of transmission include sexual contact with an infected person, perinatal transmission from mother to infant, shared needles or syringes among injecting drug users, household contact (e.g., communally used razors and toothbrushes) and nosocomial exposure (transfusions, unsafe injection practices). In most countries where HBV is highly endemic, most infections occur during infancy and early childhood. Hepatitis C is transmitted by parenteral exposure to blood and plasma derivatives. It is found in highest concentrations in blood. The major causes of HCV infection worldwide are use of unscreened blood transfusions and re-use of needles and syringes that have not been adequately sterilised. Prevention and control measures for hepatitis B and C include transfusion safety, safe and appropriate use of injections and vaccination (hepatitis B). There is no specific treatment for acute viral hepatitis A, B, C and D."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Detect hepatitis outbreaks. Identify areas/populations at high risk to target prevention and control measures. Estimate burden of disease. If countrywide surveillance is not possible, surveillance in sentinel areas or hospitals may provide useful information on potential sources of infection."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Any person with acute illness typically including acute jaundice, dark urine, anorexia, malaise, extreme fatigue, and right upper quadrant tenderness. (Note: infected children are often asymptomatic.)"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "A suspected case that is laboratory confirmed"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to alert threshold if hepatitis cases are suspected?",
+        "completion": "Report case-based information to the appropriate levels. As necessary, treat and manage the patient(s) with supportive care. Collect specimens and send to laboratory to identify the aetiology of the illness"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to action threshold if hepatitis cases are confirmed?",
+        "completion": "Determine mode of transmission. Identify population exposed to risk of infection. Eliminate common source(s) of infection. Implement appropriate prevention and control interventions"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Analyze by age and gender. Assess risk factors to plan and monitor prevention and control measures."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Analysis of suspected and confirmed cases by week.    Graph cases and deaths weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during outbreaks."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Plot location of case households."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the laboratory confirmation diagnostic test for Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Hepatitis A: IgM anti-HAV positive. Hepatitis B: +ve for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) or IgM anti-HBc positive. Hepatitis C: Anti-HCV positive. Hepatitis D: HBsAg positive or IgM anti-HBc positive plus anti-HDV positive (only as co-infection or super-infection of hepatitis B). Hepatitis E: IgM anti-HEV positive and/or IgG anti-HEV positive"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the laboratory confirmation specimen type for Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Serum"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "When to collect specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Specimens should be collected from suspected patient. IgM anti-HAV becomes detectable 5-10 days after exposure. HBsAg can be detected in serum from several weeks before onset of symptoms to days, weeks or months after onset; it persists in chronic infections. IgM anti-HBc positive usually disappears within 6 months."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to prepare, store, and transport specimens for laboratory confirmation in the context of Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Use universal precautions to minimize exposure to sharps and any body fluid. Collect 5-10 ml of venous blood. Let clot retract for 30 to 60 minutes at room temperature or centrifuge to separate serum from red blood cells. Aseptically pour off serum into sterile, screw capped tubes. Store serum at 4°C. For storage >5 days, samples are held at -20°C. Transport serum samples using appropriate packaging to prevent breakage or leakage."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the results of laboratory confirmation for Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "Results are usually available within one to 3 days from arrival in the laboratory"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Acute viral hepatitis?",
+        "completion": "1. WHO Recommended Strategies for Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases; WHO/CDS/CPE/SMT/2001.13.\n2. WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2.\n3. WHO Fact Sheet No 328, Hepatitis A, revised May 2008.\n4. WHO Fact Sheet No 204, Hepatitis B, revised August 2008.\n5. WHO Fact Sheet No 164, Hepatitis C.\n6. WHO Fact Sheet No 280, Hepatitis E, revised January 2005.\n7. World Health Organization http://www.who.int/topics/hepatitis/en/\n8. United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/\n9. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Reports of AEFIs have had negative effects on national immunization programmes. Most reports are coincidental events not related to vaccines. It is important to identify real events and determine their cause."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "To determine the cause of an AEFI or cluster of AEFIs and correct it.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": "A medical incident that takes place after immunization, causes concern and is believed to be caused by the immunization",
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If a single case is suspected: Treat the patient. Communicate with the parents and community. Respond to rumours or public enquiries. Complete case investigation form.",
+  "respondToEpidemicThreshold": "If a single case is confirmed: Monitor for a cluster. Send report immediately to initiate investigation of cause. Take remedial action to avoid another AEFI occurring from the same cause.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": "Determine the cause of the event. Is it programme-related, Vaccine-induced, coincidental or unknown? Beware of mass psychological illness if a number of school-aged or older individuals are involved at the same time.",
+  "reference": [
+      "Surveillance of adverse events following immunization. Field guide for managers of immunization programmes. WHO/EPI/93.02 Rev 1. http://www.who.int/vaccines- documents/DocsPDF/www9541.pdf",
+      "Kharabsheh S. Mass psychogenic illness following Td vaccine in Jordan. Bulletin of the WHO 2001. 79 (8); 764-770. http://www.who.int/bulletin/pdf/2001/issue8/vol79.no.8.764- 770.pdf"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)?",
+      "completion": "Reports of AEFIs have had negative effects on national immunization programmes. Most reports are coincidental events not related to vaccines. It is important to identify real events and determine their cause."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)?",
+      "completion": "To determine the cause of an AEFI or cluster of AEFIs and correct it."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)?",
+      "completion": "A medical incident that takes place after immunization, causes concern and is believed to be caused by the immunization"
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to respond to alert threshold if Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) cases are suspected?",
+      "completion": "If a single case is suspected: Treat the patient. Communicate with the parents and community. Respond to rumours or public enquiries. Complete case investigation form."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to respond to action threshold if Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) cases are confirmed?",
+      "completion": "If a single case is confirmed: Monitor for a cluster. Send report immediately to initiate investigation of cause. Take remedial action to avoid another AEFI occurring from the same cause."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data in the context of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)?",
+      "completion": "Determine the cause of the event. Is it programme-related, Vaccine-induced, coincidental or unknown? Beware of mass psychological illness if a number of school-aged or older individuals are involved at the same time."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the references for Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)?",
+      "completion": "1. Surveillance of adverse events following immunization. Field guide for managers of immunization programmes. WHO/EPI/93.02 Rev 1. http://www.who.int/vaccines- documents/DocsPDF/www9541.pdf\n2. Kharabsheh S. Mass psychogenic illness following Td vaccine in Jordan. Bulletin of the WHO 2001. 79 (8); 764-770. http://www.who.int/bulletin/pdf/2001/issue8/vol79.no.8.764- 770.pdf"
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Anthrax (human)_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Anthrax (human)",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Anthrax is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, a Gram positive rod-shaped bacterium. A. It is transmitted from infected domestic livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, pigs and others) or wild game animals to humans by direct contact or indirect contact with animals or their products. The incubation period typically ranges from 1 to 7 days, but may be longer (up to two to three weeks for cutaneous anthrax and up to 42 days for inhalation anthrax). Persons exposed to occupational hazards include those handling infected carcasses and those employed in the processing of bones, hides, wool and other animal products. Persons may also become infected by handling or consuming meat from animals that are sick with or have died of the disease. Biting flies have been reported to transmit the disease from infected animals to humans however how readily or often this occurs is unknown. Human anthrax is a serious problem in several countries and has potential for explosive outbreaks (especially the gastrointestinal form that is contracted from eating infected meat); while pulmonary (inhalation) anthrax is mainly occupational, the threat of biological warfare attacks should not be forgotten. Anthrax has a serious impact on the trade of animal products. The control of anthrax is based on its prevention in livestock. Programmes based only on prevention in humans are costly and likely to be ineffective except for those industrially exposed. There is an effective vaccine for those persons considered at risk for occupational exposure, and successful vaccines are used for livestock, particularly for herds with ongoing exposure to contaminated soil or vegetation. In most countries anthrax is a notifiable disease."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "To detect outbreaks. To monitor control and prevention programmes",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "Any person with acute onset characterized by several clinical forms which are: Cutaneous form: Any person with skin lesion evolving over 1 to 6 days from a papular through a vesicular stage, to a depressed black eschar invariably accompanied by edema that may be mild to extensive. Castro-intestinal: Any person with abdominal distress characterized by nausea, vomiting, anorexia and followed by fever. Pulmonary (inhalation): any person with brief prodrome resembling acute viral respiratory illness, followed by rapid onset of hypoxia, dyspnoea and high temperature, with X-ray evidence of mediastinal widening. Meningeal: Any person with acute onset of high fever possibly with convulsions, loss of consciousness, meningeal signs and symptoms; commonly noted in all systemic infections, but may present without any other clinical symptoms of anthrax. AND has an epidemiological link to confirmed or suspected animal cases or contaminated animal products",
+      "probableCase": "",
+      "confirmedCase": "A confirmed case of anthrax in a human can be defined as a clinically compatible case of cutaneous, inhalational or gastrointestinal illness that is laboratory-confirmed by: isolation of B. anthracis from an affected tissue or site; or Other laboratory evidence of B. anthracis infection based on at least two supportive laboratory tests. Note: it may not be possible to demonstrate B. anthracis in clinical specimens if the patient has been treated with antimicrobial agents."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If a single case is suspected: Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels (public health sector and animal health sector). Use standard barrier precautions for all forms. Use protective equipment and clothing (gloves, gowns, face shields), and respiratory protection if there is a risk of aerosols, disinfection and dressing any cuts and abrasion before putting on protective clothing. Perform environmental cleaning (disinfection) with hypochlorite. Treat and manage the patient with supportive care and using antibiotics such as Penicillin V, procaine penicillin (uncomplicated cases), or penicillin G (severe cases). Collect specimen safely to confirm the case. Conduct joint (public health and animal health sectors) investigation of cases/deaths. Vaccination is required for animals when exported/imported. In humans, selective preventive vaccination may be considered in case of occupational exposure",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If a single case is confirmed: Standard infection control precautions are sufficient and should be used when managing patients. Particular attention should be paid to body fluid spills which should be managed by the usual methods for cleaning and decontamination of anybody fluid spills. This should be done promptly and thoroughly, because organisms which remain on surfaces may form spores which are infectious. As is usual practice, personal protective equipment should be used in situations where there is potential for splashes and inoculation injuries. Any incidents should be reported immediately. Mobilize the community for early detection and care. Proper burial or cremation (if practiced) of dead bodies (humans and animals). Conduct community education about the confirmed case, how the disease is transmitted, and how to use infection control in the home care setting. Conduct active searches for additional cases that may not come to the health care setting (older women or small children, for example) and provide information about prevention in the home and when to seek care. Request additional help from national levels as needed.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Table showing the number of suspected / probable / confirmed cases by date, age and sex",
+      "time": "Graphs of number of suspected / probable / confirmed cases by date.",
+      "place": "Map of suspected and confirmed human and animal cases by geographical area (district)"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Isolation of Bacillus anthracis from a clinical specimen (e.g. blood, lesions, discharges). Demonstration of B.anthracis in a clinical specimen by microscopic examination of stained smears (vesicular fluid, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, stools). Positive serology (ELISA, Western blot, toxin detection, chromatographic assay, fluorescent antibody test)",
+      "specimen": "Cutaneous: For vesicular lesions, two swabs of vesicular fluid from an unopened vesicle. For eschars, the edge should be lifted and two swab samples rotated underneath. For ulcers, the base of the lesion should be sampled with two saline moistened swabs evidence of systemic symptoms. A full thickness punch biopsy of a papule or vesicle including adjacent skin should be obtained from all patients with a lesion being evaluated for cutaneous anthrax, to be submitted in 10 percent formalin for histopathology. In patients not on antibiotic therapy or on therapy for <24 hours, a second biopsy specimen. Acute and convalescent serum samples for serologic testing. Castro-intestinal: Blood cultures obtained prior to antimicrobial therapy. Ascites fluid for culture and PCR. Stool or rectal swab for culture and PCR. Oropharyngeal lesion, if present, for culture and PCR. Acute and convalescent serum samples for serologic testing. Autopsy tissues from fatal cases for histopathology. Inhalation: Blood cultures obtained prior to antimicrobial therapy. Pleural fluid, if present, for culture and PCR. CSF, in patients with meningeal signs, for culture and PCR. Pleural and/or bronchial biopsies for IHC. Acute and convalescent serum samples for serology. Autopsy tissues from fatal cases for",
+      "whenToCollect": "Specimens should be collected from any patient being evaluated for cutaneous Bacillus anthracis infection. It may not be possible to demonstrate B.anthracis in clinical specimens if the patient has been treated with antimicrobial agents. Organism is best demonstrated in specimen taken at the Vesicular stage. Specimens for culture should be obtained prior to initiation of antimicrobial therapy. If available at reference laboratories specimens may be submitted for PCR Caution: B.anthracis is highly infectious",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Vesicular stage: collect fluid from intact vesicles on sterile swabs. Eschar stage: without removing eschar, insert swab beneath the edge of eschar, rotate and collect lesion material. Store specimen for: S24 h and transport for: S2h at room temperature. Stool: collect 5-10 g in a clean sterile leak-proof container. Store for: S24 h at 4°C. Transport: S1h at room temperature. Blood: collect per institution's procedure for routine blood culture. Collect 10 ml of blood in EDTA for PCR. Transport: S2h in room temperature. Sputum: collect expectorated specimen into a sterile leak proof container. Store for: S24 h at 4°C. Transport: S2 h in room temperature.",
+      "results": "Diagnostic services for Anthrax are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for Anthrax diagnostic services. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO."
+  },
+  "reference": [
+      "WHO. Anthrax in humans and animals. World Health Organization, Geneva. (2008) (Available on http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ AnthraxGuidelines2008/en/index.html",
+      "WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2",
+      "WHO recommended Strategies for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases, WHO/CDS/CPE/SMT/2001.13",
+      "2003 WHO Manual for Laboratory Diagnosis of Anthrax (http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section10/Section17/ Section58/Section909.htm)",
+      "CDC: Anthrax Information for Health Care Providers\" (http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/anthrax-hcp- factsheet.asp)",
+      "CDC: Recommended Specimens for Microbiology and Pathology for Diagnosis:"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Anthrax (human)?",
+        "completion": "Anthrax is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, a Gram positive rod-shaped bacterium. A. It is transmitted from infected domestic livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, pigs and others) or wild game animals to humans by direct contact or indirect contact with animals or their products. The incubation period typically ranges from 1 to 7 days, but may be longer (up to two to three weeks for cutaneous anthrax and up to 42 days for inhalation anthrax). Persons exposed to occupational hazards include those handling infected carcasses and those employed in the processing of bones, hides, wool and other animal products. Persons may also become infected by handling or consuming meat from animals that are sick with or have died of the disease. Biting flies have been reported to transmit the disease from infected animals to humans however how readily or often this occurs is unknown. Human anthrax is a serious problem in several countries and has potential for explosive outbreaks (especially the gastrointestinal form that is contracted from eating infected meat); while pulmonary (inhalation) anthrax is mainly occupational, the threat of biological warfare attacks should not be forgotten. Anthrax has a serious impact on the trade of animal products. The control of anthrax is based on its prevention in livestock. Programmes based only on prevention in humans are costly and likely to be ineffective except for those industrially exposed. There is an effective vaccine for those persons considered at risk for occupational exposure, and successful vaccines are used for livestock, particularly for herds with ongoing exposure to contaminated soil or vegetation. In most countries anthrax is a notifiable disease."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Anthrax (human)?",
+        "completion": "To detect outbreaks. To monitor control and prevention programmes"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Anthrax (human)?",
+        "completion": "Any person with acute onset characterized by several clinical forms which are: Cutaneous form: Any person with skin lesion evolving over 1 to 6 days from a papular through a vesicular stage, to a depressed black eschar invariably accompanied by edema that may be mild to extensive. Castro-intestinal: Any person with abdominal distress characterized by nausea, vomiting, anorexia and followed by fever. Pulmonary (inhalation): any person with brief prodrome resembling acute viral respiratory illness, followed by rapid onset of hypoxia, dyspnoea and high temperature, with X-ray evidence of mediastinal widening. Meningeal: Any person with acute onset of high fever possibly with convulsions, loss of consciousness, meningeal signs and symptoms; commonly noted in all systemic infections, but may present without any other clinical symptoms of anthrax. AND has an epidemiological link to confirmed or suspected animal cases or contaminated animal products"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Anthrax (human)?",
+        "completion": "A confirmed case of anthrax in a human can be defined as a clinically compatible case of cutaneous, inhalational or gastrointestinal illness that is laboratory-confirmed by: isolation of B. anthracis from an affected tissue or site; or Other laboratory evidence of B. anthracis infection based on at least two supportive laboratory tests. Note: it may not be possible to demonstrate B. anthracis in clinical specimens if the patient has been treated with antimicrobial agents."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to alert threshold if Anthrax (human) cases are suspected?",
+        "completion": "If a single case is suspected: Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels (public health sector and animal health sector). Use standard barrier precautions for all forms. Use protective equipment and clothing (gloves, gowns, face shields), and respiratory protection if there is a risk of aerosols, disinfection and dressing any cuts and abrasion before putting on protective clothing. Perform environmental cleaning (disinfection) with hypochlorite. Treat and manage the patient with supportive care and using antibiotics such as Penicillin V, procaine penicillin (uncomplicated cases), or penicillin G (severe cases). Collect specimen safely to confirm the case. Conduct joint (public health and animal health sectors) investigation of cases/deaths. Vaccination is required for animals when exported/imported. In humans, selective preventive vaccination may be considered in case of occupational exposure"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to action threshold if Anthrax (human) cases are confirmed?",
+        "completion": "If a single case is confirmed: Standard infection control precautions are sufficient and should be used when managing patients. Particular attention should be paid to body fluid spills which should be managed by the usual methods for cleaning and decontamination of anybody fluid spills. This should be done promptly and thoroughly, because organisms which remain on surfaces may form spores which are infectious. As is usual practice, personal protective equipment should be used in situations where there is potential for splashes and inoculation injuries. Any incidents should be reported immediately. Mobilize the community for early detection and care. Proper burial or cremation (if practiced) of dead bodies (humans and animals). Conduct community education about the confirmed case, how the disease is transmitted, and how to use infection control in the home care setting. Conduct active searches for additional cases that may not come to the health care setting (older women or small children, for example) and provide information about prevention in the home and when to seek care. Request additional help from national levels as needed."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Anthrax (human)?",
+        "completion": "Table showing the number of suspected / probable / confirmed cases by date, age and sex"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Anthrax (human)?",
+        "completion": "Graphs of number of suspected / probable / confirmed cases by date."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Anthrax (human)?",
+        "completion": "Map of suspected and confirmed human and animal cases by geographical area (district)"
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Anthrax (human)?",
+        "completion": "1. WHO. Anthrax in humans and animals. World Health Organization, Geneva. (2008) (Available on http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ AnthraxGuidelines2008/en/index.html)\n2. WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2\n3. WHO recommended Strategies for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases, WHO/CDS/CPE/SMT/2001.13\n4. 2003 WHO Manual for Laboratory Diagnosis of Anthrax (http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section10/Section17/ Section58/Section909.htm)\n5. CDC: Anthrax Information for Health Care Providers\" (http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/anthrax-hcp- factsheet.asp)\n6. CDC: Recommended Specimens for Microbiology and Pathology for Diagnosis:"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+{
+    "disease": "Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)",
+    "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (an AFB).Occurring mainly as skin lesions (nodules, plaques and ulcers) than can be complicated by bone and joint involvement. Involvement of other organs like the eyes is rare.Spreading in inter-tropical areas, in swampy soils or water body surroundings, forestry or surface mining zones.Patients are classified into three categories:Category I: patient with a single lesion which size is less than 5 cm of diameter (early lesion).Category II: patient with single lesion which size is between 5 and 15 cm of diameter.Category III: patient single lesion which size is over 15 cm of diameter or with multiple lesions or lesion located in critical site (face, head & neck, breast, perineum, genitalia, lesion spanning over joints).BU case management has improved greatly through use of WHO recommended antibiotics (rifampicin and streptomycin) in 2004. Surgery is still needed for late cases (category III). Cumulative number of cases is over 60000 in 2009.Mode of transmission is still unknown. M ulcerans could penetrate the skin through insect bite (water bugs); micro trauma or small wounds.Confirmation of diagnosis is done by PCR, AFB search with ZN staining, culture or histology. Specimens of lesions are taken by swab in ulcer, fine needle aspiration (FNA) or biopsy in case of surgery.",
+
+    "surveillanceGoal": "Geographical distribution of the disease to locate endemic areas and districts and focus early case finding, proper management with WHO recommended antibiotics and prevention of disabilities",
+    "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "A person presenting a painless skin nodule, plaque or ulcer, living or having visited a BU endemic area",
+      "confirmedCase": "A suspected case confirmed by at least one laboratory test (ZN for AFB, PCR, culture or histology)"
+    },
+    "respondToAlertThreshold": "If a single case is suspected:Report the suspected case to the appropriate level of the health system.At health facility level:Take a specimen for laboratory confirmation (Swab or FNA).Begin wound dressing and combined antibiotic treatment with:Rifampicin 10 mg/kg daily oral intake for 8 weeks (56 days).Streptomycin daily injection for 8 weeks (56 days).Refer category III patients to reference hospital/centre.Fill in case report form (BU 01 or BU 02) with origin village GPS data and report to Health District, Regional and National levels.Search other cases in origin village of confirmed case of BU",
+    "respondToActionThreshold": "If a suspected case is confirmed (Not applicable to BU)",
+    "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Count newly detected cases monthly by category of patients (Cat I, II or III). Analyze age and disability distribution and treatment outcomes (cases cured, cured without limitation of movement or amputation, relapse after recommended antibiotic treatment).",
+      "time": "Graph of cases by year of diagnosis, graph of cumulative number of cases.",
+      "place": "Plot cases by location of households and colour shade endemic districts"
+    },
+    "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Mycobacterium ulcerans: Smears and biopsy specimens can be sent to the laboratory for confirmation by:Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid-fast bacilli.Culture.PCR.Histopathology",
+      "specimen": "Smears.Biopsy specimens",
+      "whenToCollect": "Specimens should be collected from suspected patient with clinical symptoms (nodule,plaque,ulcer,osteomielite.)Specimen should be collected before any antibiotic is given. Another specimen should be collected at the end of the treatment (in case the treatment is not efficacious or surgery is indicated)",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Collection of specimens: it is important to avoid cross contamination between the collection of samples.Materials:Dry swabs and recipients.Types of specimens: No ulcerative forms, Ulcerative forms, Bone Store at 4°C",
+      "results": "Buruli ulcer is usually diagnosed clinically and by finding acid fast bacilli (AFB) in smears from infected ulcers and tissue biopsies. It can also be identified using PCR.M ulcerans can be cultured in a reference lab using the same culture media used to grow M.tuberculosis.The organism grows very slowly, usually requiring several weeks to provide visible colonies.Diagnostic services are not routinely available. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO."
+    },
+    "reference": [
+      "Resolution WHA 57.1 on surveillance and control of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease.(Buruli ulcer), In: 57th World Health Assembly, Geneva, 17-22 May 2004; Resolutions and decisions, annexes. Geneva, WHO; 2004 (WHA57/2004/REC/1: 1-2)",
+      "Provisional guidance on the role of specific antibiotics in the management of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) WHO/CDS/CPE/GBUI/2004.10",
+      "Buruli ulcer: First programme review meeting for West Africa - Summary report, WHO, WER, 6; 2009 : 43-48",
+      "Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition.District Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries, Cambridge.",
+      "Ulcere de Buruli , prise en charge de l'infection a Mycobacterium ulcerans"
+  ]
+
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)?",
+      "completion": "Skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (an AFB). Occurring mainly as skin lesions (nodules, plaques and ulcers) than can be complicated by bone and joint involvement. Involvement of other organs like the eyes is rare. Spreading in inter-tropical areas, in swampy soils or water body surroundings, forestry or surface mining zones. Patients are classified into three categories: Category I: patient with a single lesion which size is less than 5 cm of diameter (early lesion). Category II: patient with single lesion which size is between 5 and 15 cm of diameter. Category III: patient single lesion which size is over 15 cm of diameter or with multiple lesions or lesion located in critical site (face, head & neck, breast, perineum, genitalia, lesion spanning over joints). BU case management has improved greatly through use of WHO recommended antibiotics (rifampicin and streptomycin) in 2004. Surgery is still needed for late cases (category III). Cumulative number of cases is over 60000 in 2009. Mode of transmission is still unknown. M ulcerans could penetrate the skin through insect bite (water bugs); micro trauma or small wounds. Confirmation of diagnosis is done by PCR, AFB search with ZN staining, culture or histology. Specimens of lesions are taken by swab in ulcer, fine needle aspiration (FNA) or biopsy in case of surgery."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)?",
+      "completion": "Geographical distribution of the disease to locate endemic areas and districts and focus early case finding, proper management with WHO recommended antibiotics and prevention of disabilities"
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)?",
+      "completion": "A person presenting a painless skin nodule, plaque or ulcer, living or having visited a BU endemic area"
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)?",
+      "completion": "A suspected case confirmed by at least one laboratory test (ZN for AFB, PCR, culture or histology)"
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to respond to alert threshold if Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease) cases are suspected?",
+      "completion": "If a single case is suspected: Report the suspected case to the appropriate level of the health system. At health facility level: Take a specimen for laboratory confirmation (Swab or FNA). Begin wound dressing and combined antibiotic treatment with: Rifampicin 10 mg/kg daily oral intake for 8 weeks (56 days). Streptomycin daily injection for 8 weeks (56 days). Refer category III patients to reference hospital/centre. Fill in case report form (BU 01 or BU 02) with origin village GPS data and report to Health District, Regional and National levels. Search other cases in origin village of confirmed case of BU"
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to respond to action threshold if Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease) cases are confirmed?",
+      "completion": "Not applicable to BU"
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)?",
+      "completion": "Count newly detected cases monthly by category of patients (Cat I, II or III). Analyze age and disability distribution and treatment outcomes (cases cured, cured without limitation of movement or amputation, relapse after recommended antibiotic treatment)."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)?",
+      "completion": "Graph of cases by year of diagnosis, graph of cumulative number of cases."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)?",
+      "completion": "Plot cases by location of households and colour shade endemic districts"
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the references for Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans disease)?",
+      "completion": "1. Resolution WHA 57.1 on surveillance and control of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease.(Buruli ulcer), In: 57th World Health Assembly, Geneva, 17-22 May 2004; Resolutions and decisions, annexes. Geneva, WHO; 2004 (WHA57/2004/REC/1: 1-2)\n2. Provisional guidance on the role of specific antibiotics in the management of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) WHO/CDS/CPE/GBUI/2004.10\n3. Buruli ulcer: First programme review meeting for West Africa - Summary report, WHO, WER, 6; 2009 : 43-48\n4. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition.\n5. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries, Cambridge.\n6. Ulcere de Buruli , prise en charge de l'infection a Mycobacterium ulcerans"
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Chikungunya_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Chikungunya",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Chikungunya fever is a viral illness that is spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The disease resembles dengue fever, and is characterized by severe, sometimes persistent, joint pain (arthritis), as well as fever and rash. It is rarely life-threatening. Nevertheless, widespread occurrence of diseases causes substantial morbidity and economic loss. The word chikungunya is Makonde for that which bends up, in reference to the stooped posture of patients afflicted with the severe joint pain associated with the disease. Epidemics of fever, rash and arthritis, resembling Chikungunya fever were recorded as early as 1779. However, the virus was first isolated between 1952-1953 from both man and mosquitoes during an epidemic, in Tanzania. Chikungunya fever historically displayed interesting epidemiological profiles in that: major epidemics appeared and disappeared cyclically, usually with an inter-epidemic period of 7-8 years and sometimes as long as 20 years. After a long period of absence, outbreaks appeared in Indonesia in 1999 and have been virtually ongoing since 2004."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Detect chikungunya sporadic cases and outbreaks promptly, and seek laboratory verification. Identify high risk areas in order to improve prevention of outbreaks by taking steps to avoid mosquito bites and elimination of breeding sites.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "Any person with acute onset of fever >38.5°C and severe arthralgia/arthritis not explained by other medical conditions.",
+      "confirmedCase": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If chikungunya cases are suspected: Report case-based information immediately to the next level. Collect specimens for confirming the cases. Conduct an investigation to determine the risk factors for transmission. Manage and treat the cases using anti-inflammatory agents.",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If chikungunya cases are confirmed: Symptomatic treatment for mitigating pain and fever using anti-inflammatory drugs along with rest usually suffices. Persistent joint pain may require analgesic and long-term anti-inflammatory therapy. Prevention is entirely dependent upon taking steps to avoid mosquito bites and elimination of mosquito breeding sites. To avoid mosquito bites: Wear full sleeve clothes and long dresses to cover the limbs. Use mosquito coils and repellents. Use mosquito nets - to protect babies, old people and others, who may rest during the day. The effectiveness of such nets can be improved by treating them with permethrin (pyrethroid insecticide). Curtains (cloth or bamboo) can also be treated with insecticide and hung at windows or doorways, to repel or kill mosquitoes. Mosquitoes become infected when they bite people who are sick with chikungunya. Mosquito nets and mosquito coils will help prevent mosquitoes from biting sick people.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Report immediate case-based information for cases and deaths. Report summary totals monthly. During outbreak, count cases and deaths weekly. Analyze by age. Assess risk factors to improve prevention of outbreaks.",
+      "time": "Graph cases and deaths weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during outbreaks.",
+      "place": "Plot location of case households with precise mapping."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Serological tests show a rise in antibody titer to chikungunya virus; the virus may be isolated from the blood of acutely ill patients in newborn mice, mosquitoes or cell culture or detected using IFA or Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)",
+      "specimen": "Serum",
+      "whenToCollect": "Collect specimen from the first suspected case (s). Suspected CHIK cases occur in clusters. Collect representative specimens from suspected cases. If outbreak is confirmed, collect more specimens from cases and also mosquitoes from the affected homes for testing. Type of Specimen: Acute-phase blood (0-10 days after onset). Convalescent-phase blood (7 - 21 days after onset). Time of collection: When patient presents; collect second sample during convalescence. Between days 7 and 21 after onset.",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Transport of specimens should comply with the WHO guidelines for the safe transport of infectious substances and diagnostic specimens (WHO, 1997). For ELISA: Refrigerate at 2° to 8° C serum or clot for testing within 24 hours. If kept for longer, store at -80°. For Isolation and RT PCR: Store at -80° or transport in fully charged dry shipper. Mosquitoes for testing should be transported in fully charged dry shipper. Focus on Aedes species.",
+      "results": "Diagnostic services for Chikungunya are not routinely available. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO. Ministry of Health, Disease Outbreak Management Unit should send samples to WHO reference labs e.g. KEMRI. Preliminary results are ready within 24 hours after samples arrive in the laboratory. Confirmatory results are ready within a week from sample reception."
+  },
+  "reference": [
+      "Weekly Epidemiological Record N° 1, 2005, 80, 1-8; http://www.who.int/wer",
+      "World Health Organization http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs327/en/",
+      "United States, Centers for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/chikungunya/",
+      "Sergon et al. Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Infection on Lamu Island, Kenya, October 2004. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Feb;78(2):333-337",
+      "Powers et al. Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses. J Virol. 2001 Nov;75(21):10118-31"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Chikungunya?",
+        "completion": "Chikungunya fever is a viral illness that is spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The disease resembles dengue fever, and is characterized by severe, sometimes persistent, joint pain (arthritis), as well as fever and rash. It is rarely life-threatening. Nevertheless, widespread occurrence of diseases causes substantial morbidity and economic loss. The word chikungunya is Makonde for that which bends up, in reference to the stooped posture of patients afflicted with the severe joint pain associated with the disease. Epidemics of fever, rash and arthritis, resembling Chikungunya fever were recorded as early as 1779. However, the virus was first isolated between 1952-1953 from both man and mosquitoes during an epidemic, in Tanzania. Chikungunya fever historically displayed interesting epidemiological profiles in that: major epidemics appeared and disappeared cyclically, usually with an inter-epidemic period of 7-8 years and sometimes as long as 20 years. After a long period of absence, outbreaks appeared in Indonesia in 1999 and have been virtually ongoing since 2004."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Chikungunya?",
+        "completion": "Detect chikungunya sporadic cases and outbreaks promptly, and seek laboratory verification. Identify high risk areas in order to improve prevention of outbreaks by taking steps to avoid mosquito bites and elimination of breeding sites."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Chikungunya?",
+        "completion": "Any person with acute onset of fever >38.5°C and severe arthralgia/arthritis not explained by other medical conditions."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Chikungunya?",
+        "completion": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to alert threshold if Chikungunya cases are suspected?",
+        "completion": "If chikungunya cases are suspected: Report case-based information immediately to the next level. Collect specimens for confirming the cases. Conduct an investigation to determine the risk factors for transmission. Manage and treat the cases using anti-inflammatory agents."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to action threshold if Chikungunya cases are confirmed?",
+        "completion": "Symptomatic treatment for mitigating pain and fever using anti-inflammatory drugs along with rest usually suffices. Persistent joint pain may require analgesic and long-term anti-inflammatory therapy. Prevention is entirely dependent upon taking steps to avoid mosquito bites and elimination of mosquito breeding sites. To avoid mosquito bites: Wear full sleeve clothes and long dresses to cover the limbs. Use mosquito coils and repellents. Use mosquito nets - to protect babies, old people and others, who may rest during the day. The effectiveness of such nets can be improved by treating them with permethrin (pyrethroid insecticide). Curtains (cloth or bamboo) can also be treated with insecticide and hung at windows or doorways, to repel or kill mosquitoes. Mosquitoes become infected when they bite people who are sick with chikungunya. Mosquito nets and mosquito coils will help prevent mosquitoes from biting sick people."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Chikungunya?",
+        "completion": "Report immediate case-based information for cases and deaths. Report summary totals monthly. During outbreak, count cases and deaths weekly. Analyze by age. Assess risk factors to improve prevention of outbreaks."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Chikungunya?",
+        "completion": "Graph cases and deaths weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during outbreaks."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Chikungunya?",
+        "completion": "Plot location of case households with precise mapping."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Chikungunya?",
+        "completion": "1. Weekly Epidemiological Record N° 1, 2005, 80, 1-8; http://www.who.int/wer\n2. World Health Organization http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs327/en/\n3. United States, Centers for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/chikungunya/\n4. Sergon et al. Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Infection on Lamu Island, Kenya, October 2004. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Feb;78(2):333-337\n5. Powers et al. Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses. J Virol. 2001 Nov;75(21):10118-31"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Cholera_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Cholera",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Acute illness with profuse watery diarrhoea caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 or O139. The disease is transmitted mainly through the faecal-oral route; that is through eating or drinking contaminated food or water. Cholera causes over 100 000 deaths per year. It may produce rapidly progressive epidemics or worldwide pandemics. In endemic areas, sporadic cases (less than 5% of all non-outbreak-related diarrhoea cases) and small outbreaks may occur. Incubation period is from a few hours to 5 days, usually in the range of from 2 to 3 days. There has been a resurgence of cholera in Africa since the mid-1980s, where over 80% of the world's cases occurred in 1999. The majority of cases occurred from January through April. Cholera may cause severe dehydration in only a few hours. In untreated patients with severe dehydration, the case fatality rate (CFR) may exceed 50%. If patients present at the health facility and correct treatment is received, the CFR is usually less than 1%. At least 90% of the cases are mild, and they remain undiagnosed. Risk factors: eating or drinking contaminated foods such as uncooked seafood or shellfish from estuarine waters, lack of continuous access to safe water and food supplies, attending large gatherings of people including ceremonies such as weddings or funerals, contact with persons who died of cholera. Other enteric diarrhoea may cause watery diarrhoea, especially in children less than 5 years of age. Please see Diarrhoea with dehydration summary guidelines."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Detect and respond promptly and appropriately to cases and outbreaks of watery diarrhoea. To confirm an outbreak, collect and transport stool specimens transported in Cary-Blair medium. Do immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths when an outbreak is suspected.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "In a patient age 5 years or more, severe dehydration or death from acute watery diarrhoea. If there is a cholera epidemic, a suspected case is any person age 5 years or more with acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting.",
+      "confirmedCase": "A suspected case in which Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 has been isolated in the stool."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If a single case is suspected: Report case-based information immediately. Manage and treat the case according to national guidelines. Enhance strict hand-washing and isolation procedures. Conduct case-based investigation to identify similar cases not previously reported. Obtain stool specimen from 5 patients within 5 days of onset of acute watery diarrhoea, and before antibiotic treatment is started. See laboratory guidelines for information on how to prepare, store and transport the specimens.",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If a suspected case is confirmed: Establish treatment centre in locality where cases occur. Treat cases onsite rather than asking patients to go to standing treatment centres elsewhere. Strengthen case management including treatment. Mobilize community early to enable rapid case detection and treatment. Survey the availability of clean drinking water. Work with community leaders to limit the number of funerals or other large gatherings for ceremonies or other reasons, especially during an epidemic. Reduce sporadic and outbreak-related cases through continuous access to safe water. Promote safe preparation of food (especially seafood, fruits, and vegetables). Promote safe disposal of human waste.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Count weekly total cases and deaths for sporadic cases and during outbreaks. Analyze distribution of cases by age and according to sources of drinking water. Assess risk factors to improve control of sporadic cases and outbreaks.",
+      "time": "Graph weekly cases and deaths and construct an epidemic curve during outbreaks. Report case-based information immediately and summary information monthly for routine surveillance.",
+      "place": "Plot the location of case households."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Isolate V. cholerae from stool culture and determine O1 serotype using polyvalent antisera for V. cholerae O1. If desired, confirm identification with Inaba and Ogawa antisera. If specimen is not serotypable, consider, V. cholerae O139 (see note in Results column).",
+      "specimen": "Liquid stool or rectal swab",
+      "whenToCollect": "For each new area affected by the outbreak, a laboratory confirmation should be done. Collect stool sample from the first suspected cholera case. If more than one suspected case, collect until specimens have been collected from 5 to 10 cases. Collect stool from patients fitting the case definition and: Onset within last 5 days, and Before antibiotics treatment has started Do not delay treatment of dehydrated patients. Specimens may be collected after rehydration (ORS or IV therapy) has begun. If possible, specimens should be collected from 5 - 10 suspected cases every 1 - 2 weeks to monitor cessation of the outbreak, changes in serotypes, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of V.cholerae.",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Place specimen (stool or rectal swab) in a clean, leak proof container and transport to lab within 2 hours. If more than 2-hour delay is expected, place stool-soaked swab into Cary- Blair transport medium. If Cary-Blair transport medium is not available and specimen will not reach the lab within 2 hours: Store at 4°C to 8°C. Do not allow specimen to dry. Add small amount of 0.85% NaCl if necessary. To transport, transport in well marked, leak proof container. Transport container in cold box at 4°C to 8°C.",
+      "results": "Cholera tests may not be routinely performed in all laboratories. Culture results usually take 2 to 4 days after specimen arrives at the laboratory. Cary-Blair transport medium is stable and usually good for at least one year after preparation. It does not require refrigeration if kept sterile and in properly sealed container. If colour changes (medium turns yellow) or shrinks (depressed meniscus), do not use the medium. The O139 serotype has not been reported in Africa and only in a few places in southwest Asia. Serological determination of Ogawa or Inaba is not clinically required. It is also not required if polyvalent antisera results are clearly positive."
+  },
+  "reference": [
+      "Management of the patient with cholera, World Health Organization, 1992. WHO/CDD/SER/91.15 Rev1 (1992)",
+      "Epidemic diarrhoeal disease preparedness and response--Training and practice. Facilitator and participant manuals. World Health Organization, 1997. WHO/EMC/DIS/97.3 and WHO/EMC/DIS/97.6",
+      "Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Epidemic Dysentery and Cholera. CDC/WHO, 1999. CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Cholera?",
+        "completion": "Cholera is an acute illness with profuse watery diarrhoea caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 or O139. The disease is transmitted mainly through the faecal-oral route, i.e., through consuming contaminated food or water. Cholera results in over 100,000 deaths annually and can produce rapidly advancing epidemics or global pandemics. In endemic regions, sporadic cases and small outbreaks can occur. The incubation period ranges from a few hours to 5 days. Since the mid-1980s, there has been a resurgence of cholera in Africa. Cholera can lead to severe dehydration within a few hours, and without treatment, the fatality rate may exceed 50%. With proper treatment at a healthcare facility, the fatality rate is usually less than 1%. About 90% of the cases are mild and often go undiagnosed. Risk factors include consuming contaminated foods, lack of access to clean water, attending large gatherings, and contact with cholera patients."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Cholera?",
+        "completion": "The goal is to detect and respond promptly and appropriately to cases and outbreaks of watery diarrhoea. To confirm an outbreak, stool specimens should be collected and transported in Cary-Blair medium. Immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths is essential when an outbreak is suspected."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Cholera?",
+        "completion": "For a patient aged 5 years or older, it is severe dehydration or death from acute watery diarrhoea. If a cholera epidemic is ongoing, a suspected case can be any individual aged 5 years or more presenting with acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Cholera?",
+        "completion": "A confirmed case is a suspected case where Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 has been isolated from the stool."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to the alert threshold if Cholera cases are suspected?",
+        "completion": "Immediate reporting of case-based information is crucial. The patient should be managed and treated according to national guidelines. Strict hand-washing and isolation procedures should be enhanced. A case-based investigation should be conducted to identify similar unreported cases. A stool specimen should be obtained from 5 patients within 5 days of onset of acute watery diarrhoea, before starting antibiotic treatment."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to the action threshold if Cholera cases are confirmed?",
+        "completion": "Set up a treatment centre in the locality where cases are identified. Patients should be treated on-site rather than being referred to distant treatment centres. Strengthen case management and treatment. Engage the community early for rapid case detection and treatment. Check the availability of clean drinking water. Limit large gatherings, especially during an epidemic. Reduce sporadic and outbreak-related cases through continuous access to safe water and promote safe food preparation. Also, promote the safe disposal of human waste."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Cholera?",
+        "completion": "Weekly total cases and deaths should be counted for sporadic cases and during outbreaks. Analyze the distribution of cases by age and according to sources of drinking water. Assess risk factors to enhance control of sporadic cases and outbreaks."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Cholera?",
+        "completion": "Weekly cases and deaths should be graphed, and an epidemic curve should be constructed during outbreaks. Immediate case-based information should be reported, and summary information should be provided monthly for routine surveillance."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Cholera?",
+        "completion": "The location of case households should be plotted precisely."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Cholera?",
+        "completion": "1. Management of the patient with cholera, World Health Organization, 1992. WHO/CDD/SER/91.15 Rev1 (1992)\n2. Epidemic diarrhoeal disease preparedness and response--Training and practice. Facilitator and participant manuals. World Health Organization, 1997. WHO/EMC/DIS/97.3 and WHO/EMC/DIS/97.6\n3. Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Epidemic Dysentery and Cholera. CDC/WHO, 1999. CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Dengue Fever_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Dengue Fever",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Dengue fever is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (both Ae. aegypti and Ae. Including Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue shock syndrome (DSS)albopiticus). Dengue is caused by four serologically distinct, but closely related viruses: dengue virus (DENV) 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the flaviviridae family.Dengue fever is an emerging pandemic that has spread globally during the past 30 years as a result of changes in human ecology. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominately in urban and semi-urban areas. During dengue epidemics, infection rates among those who have not been previously exposed to the virus are often 40% to 50%, but can reach 80% to 90%.Dengue fever is a severe, influenza-like illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death. Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a potentially deadly complication that has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in Asia. There is good evidence that sequential infection with the different serotypes of dengue virus increases the risk of more severe disease that can result in shock syndrome (DSS) and death.Epidemic dengue activity in Africa has mostly been classical dengue fever caused by DENV- 1 and DENV-2 without associated mortality. The first major outbreak of DENV-3 in Africa was documented in Mozambique in 1984-1985. During this outbreak, most patients experienced secondary infections and 2 deaths were attributed to DHF and shock. In 2008, yellow fever and DENV-3 were found to be co-circulating in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, however, no severe dengue cases or deaths attributable to dengue were identified.There is no specific treatment for dengue, but appropriate medical care frequently saves the lives of patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever.Infected humans are the main carriers and multipliers of the virus, serving a source of the virus for uninfected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which maintain the urban dengue transmission cycle. The virus circulates in the blood of infected human for 2-7 days, at approximately the same time that they have a fever. A sylvatic transmission cycle has been documented in west Africa where DENV-2 has been found in monkeys. There is no evidence of person-to-person transmission.At present, the only method of controlling or preventing dengue virus transmission is to combat the vector mosquitoes using environmental management and chemical methods."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Surveillance for suspected cases and investigation of clusters of suspected cases in areas with Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopiticus mosquitoes",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "DengueFeverSuspectedCase": "Any person with acute febrile illness of 2-7 days’ duration with 2 or more of the following: headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, haemorrhagic manifestations, leucopenia.",
+      "probableCase": "",
+      "DengueFeverConfirmedcase": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive IgM antibody, rise in IgG antibody titres, positive PCR or viral isolation).",
+      "DengueHaemorrhagicFever": "A probable or confirmed case of dengue with bleeding tendencies as evidenced by one or more of the following: positive tourniquet test; petechieae, ecchymoses or purpura; bleeding: mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, injection sites or other; haematemesis or melaena; and thrombocytopenia (100 000 cells or less per mm3) and evidence of plasma leakage due to increased vascular permeability, manifested by one or more of the following: 20% rise in average haematocrit for age and sex, 20% drop in haematocrit following volume replacement therapy compared to baseline, signs of plasma leakage (pleural effusion, ascites, hypo-proteinaemia).",
+      "DengueShock Syndrome":"All the above criteria, plus evidence of circulatory failure manifested by rapid and weak pulse, and narrow pulse pressure (:S 20 mm Hg) or hypotension for age, cold, clammy skin and altered mental status."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If a single case is suspected:Report case-based information immediately to the next level.  Conduct active search for additional cases.Collect specimens for confirming the cases",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If a single case is confirmed:Report case-based information immediately to the next level.Conduct active search for additional cases.Collect specimens for confirming the cases.Survey the community to determine the abundance of vector mosquitoes, identify the most productive larval habitats, promote and implement plans for their elimination, management or treatment with appropriate larvicides. Educate the public and promote behaviors to remove, destroy or manage mosquito vector larval habitats.Manage and provide supportive treatment to dengue fever cases. Implement standard infection control precautions. Prevent access of mosquitoes to patients by using mosquito bed nets.Refer suspected DHF/DSS cases to more advanced facilities.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Case-fatality rate. Analyze age and sex distribution. Percentage of DHF / DSS cases and of hospitalizations.",
+      "time": "Graph cases and deaths weekly/monthly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak.",
+      "place": "Plot location of case households and work sites using precise mapping."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Demonstration of IgM and IgG by Antibody Assays.Detection of viral genomic sequences by PCR.Isolation of the dengue virus using cell culture.Antigen detection Assays for acute phase samples when PCR or isolation is negative.Demonstration of dengue virus antigen in autopsy tissue by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence or in serum samples by EIA.Note: there are several diagnostic techniques available to document an infection by the dengue virus. The IgM ELISA is the basic test for serologic diagnosis.",
+      "specimen": "ELISA: Whole blood, serum or plasma from acute (0-5 days) and convalescent 6 or more days) depending on each case.PCR: Whole blood or blood clot, serum/ plasma or tissue preferably from acute specimens (0-5 days).The samples should be collected for diagnosing a suspected dengue fatality:A blood sample to attempt PCR, virus isolation and serology. If an autopsy is performed, blood from the heart should be collected.",
+      "whenToCollect": "Collect specimen from the first suspected case.If more than one suspected case, collect until specimens have been collected from 5 to10 suspected cases.Type of Specimen:Acute-phase blood (0-5 days after onset of symptoms),Convalescent-phase blood (� 6 days after onset)Time of collection.Collect 2nd sample during convalescence. Between days 6 and 21 after onset.Lab diagnosis of fatal cases is indispensable for understanding the risk factors for severe cases.",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Transport of specimens should comply with the WHO guidelines for the safe transport of infectious substances and diagnostic specimens.For ELISA or PCR:Refrigerate serum or clot. For long term storage freeze -20C  Freeze (-20C or colder) tissue specimens for virus isolation.If an autopsy has been performed and no fresh tissues are available, tissues fixed in formalin should be submitted for immunohistochemical studies.",
+      "results": "Diagnostic services for Dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for VHF diagnostic services. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO."
+  },
+  "reference": ["WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2", "Dengue: clinical and Public Health Aspects/CDC"]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Dengue Fever?",
+        "completion": "Dengue fever is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, including both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopiticus. It is caused by four closely related viruses: dengue virus (DENV) 1, 2, 3, and 4. Dengue is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions, primarily in urban and semi-urban areas. The disease can present as a severe, influenza-like illness in infants, young children, and adults. Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a potentially fatal complication, especially common in Asia. Sequential infection with different dengue virus serotypes can increase the risk of severe disease. Epidemic dengue activity in Africa has been mostly mild, but a significant outbreak of DENV-3 occurred in Mozambique in 1984-1985. The main carriers of the virus are infected humans, and the primary transmission mode is through Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. There's no specific treatment for dengue, but appropriate medical care can be life-saving. The only prevention method currently available is controlling the vector mosquitoes."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Dengue Fever?",
+        "completion": "The surveillance goal is to monitor suspected cases and investigate clusters of suspected cases in areas with Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopiticus mosquitoes."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Dengue Fever?",
+        "completion": "A suspected case is any person with an acute febrile illness lasting 2-7 days and exhibiting 2 or more of the following symptoms: headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, haemorrhagic manifestations, or leucopenia."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Dengue Fever?",
+        "completion": "A confirmed case is a suspected case with laboratory confirmation, which could be through positive IgM antibody, a rise in IgG antibody titres, positive PCR, or viral isolation."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to the alert threshold if Dengue Fever cases are suspected?",
+        "completion": "Immediate reporting of case-based information is vital. Active searches for additional cases should be conducted, and specimens should be collected for confirmation."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to respond to the action threshold if Dengue Fever cases are confirmed?",
+        "completion": "Upon confirmation, report the case-based information immediately. Conduct an active search for additional cases and collect specimens for further confirmation. Survey the community for the abundance of vector mosquitoes and promote plans for their elimination. Educate the public about behaviors to manage mosquito vector habitats. Provide supportive treatment to dengue fever cases, ensuring standard infection control precautions. Prevent mosquitoes from accessing patients by using mosquito bed nets. Suspected DHF/DSS cases should be referred to more advanced facilities."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Dengue Fever?",
+        "completion": "Calculate the case-fatality rate. Analyze the distribution of cases by age and sex. Determine the percentage of DHF/DSS cases and hospitalizations. Assess the risk factors to enhance control measures."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Dengue Fever?",
+        "completion": "Graph cases and deaths on a weekly/monthly basis. Construct an epidemic curve during outbreaks. Immediate case-based information and monthly summary information are essential for routine surveillance."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Dengue Fever?",
+        "completion": "Precisely map the location of case households and work sites."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Dengue Fever?",
+        "completion": "1. WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2\n2. Dengue: Clinical and Public Health Aspects/CDC"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Diabetes_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Diabetes",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes can cause serious health complications including heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations.The most common form is Type 2 diabetes that represents more than 85% of the cases. Other forms are less common such as Type 1 (10% of cases), specific diabetes and gestational diabetes (5% of cases).The risk factors that affect the onset of diabetes are well-known. They comprise non- modifiable factors like old age (over 45 years of age), family history, and the causes of diabetes in pregnancy. Modifiable risk factors for diabetes are obesity, physical inactivity and excessive alcohol consumption.The global prevalence in 2000 was estimated at 2.8%, with projections of 4.8% by 2030. The total number of persons affected will rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 if no action is taken. Annual mortality linked to diabetes worldwide is estimated at more than one million.Diabetes is no longer considered rare in Africa. Recent estimates based on the WHO STEP-wise approach for monitoring the risk factors of non-communicable diseases indicate prevalence of between 1% and 20%. In some countries such as Mauritius, it reaches 20%.The rate of limb amputations due to diabetes varies from 1.4% to 6.7% of diabetic foot cases. In some African countries, the mortality rate is higher than 40 per 10,000 inhabitants.In the African Region, efforts made to create an environment that enhances the fight against diabetes include adoption of resolutions on non communicable diseases in 2000, cardiovascular diseases strategy in 2005, and diabetes mellitus strategy in 2007. The World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) have also jointly carried out actions to contribute to promoting diabetes awareness in Africa."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Estimate the magnitude of the disease.Monitor trends and risk factors.Identify populations at highest risk (e.g.; age groups, urban vs. rural)  Monitor prevention and control program activities",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedNewCase": "Any person presenting with the following symptoms:Increased thirst.Increased hunger.Frequent urination",
+      "probableCase": "",
+      "confirmedCase": "Any person with a fasting venous plasma glucose measurement of � 7 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) or capillary glucose � 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dl)Or any person with a non-fasting venous plasma glucose measurement of � 11.1mmol/L (200 mg/dl) or capillary glucose � 11,1 nnik>k (200 mg/dl).Report only the first lab-confirmed diagnosis of the patient"
+  },
+  "Recommended public health action": {
+      "For people with diabetes": "Treat confirmed cases according to the standardized case management guidelines (WHOPEN).",
+      "District-level Prevention:": "Implement an integrated prevention and control programme for non-communicable diseases focusing on diabetes through community awareness and education activities conducted in accordance with national prevention and control programmes for non- communicable diseases. These activities would include multisectoral strategies and plans of action on diet, weight-reduction, and physical activity.Implement clinical preventive measures and treatment interventions using evidence-based guidelines (screening high risk patients, for example)."
+  },
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Analyze the distribution of cases by age and other demographic factors.",
+      "time": "Graph cases quarterly to analyze trends.",
+      "place": "Compare district trends with national and regional trends.Data for non-communicable diseases is analyzed for long term trends"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Measuring glucose in capillary blood using a reagent strip test and reference meter.Measuring glucose in plasma using a glucose-oxidase colorimetric test method.Lab case definition (see section 8.0)",
+      "specimen": "Plasma Capillary blood",
+      "whenToCollect": "Blood glucose measurements must be carried out on the day and at the time requested.Fasting specimen: for adult the fasting time is usually 10 tu 16 hours. For children the fasting time is 6 hours.Post-prandial specimen: 2h post-prandial specimen.",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Specimen should be examined as soon as possible (before 2 hours) at health facility where the specimen is taken.",
+      "results": "Results are ready within few hours."
+  },
+  "reference": ["Non-communicable Diseases: A strategy for the African Region, AFR/RC50/10","Cardiovascular Diseases in the African Region: Current situation and perspectives, AFR/RC55/12,429","Diabetes prevention and control: a strategy for the African Region, AFR/RC57/7","Steps manual: http://www.who.int/chp/steps/en/","Gojka R et al, Global prevalence of diabetes, Diabetes care 27(5): 1047-1053, 2004.","IDF, Diabetes Atlas, 2nd Edition, Brussels, International Diabetes Federation, 2003.","WHO, Preventing chronic diseases: A vital investment, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005","WHO, The burden of mortality attributable to diabetes, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.","WHO-PEN: Protocols for health promotion, prevention and management of NCDs at primary care level http://www.afro.who.int/en/divisions-a- programmes/ddc/division/2257- who-pen-protocols.html","District Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries, Cambridge"]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Diabetes?",
+        "completion": "Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease arising when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot use the insulin it produces effectively. This leads to serious health issues like heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and amputations. The most common form is Type 2 diabetes. Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption. Global prevalence in 2000 was around 2.8%, expected to rise to 4.8% by 2030. Diabetes is increasingly common in Africa, with recent estimates showing a prevalence between 1% and 20%. Diabetes can lead to limb amputations and has a high mortality rate in some African countries. Efforts in the African Region to combat diabetes include resolutions on non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases strategy, and diabetes mellitus strategy. The World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation have also promoted diabetes awareness in Africa."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Diabetes?",
+        "completion": "The goals are to estimate the disease's magnitude, monitor its trends and risk factors, identify high-risk populations (like specific age groups or urban vs. rural residents), and oversee prevention and control program activities."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected new case of Diabetes?",
+        "completion": "A suspected new case is any person presenting with increased thirst, increased hunger, and frequent urination."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Diabetes?",
+        "completion": "A confirmed case is any person with a fasting venous plasma glucose measurement of ≥ 7 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) or capillary glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dl) or a non-fasting venous plasma glucose measurement of ≥ 11.1mmol/L (200 mg/dl) or capillary glucose ≥ 11,1 mmol/L (200 mg/dl). Only the first lab-confirmed diagnosis of the patient is reported."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions for people with diabetes?",
+        "completion": "Those with diabetes should be treated according to the standardized case management guidelines (WHOPEN)."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the district-level preventive measures for Diabetes?",
+        "completion": "Implement an integrated prevention and control program for non-communicable diseases, focusing on diabetes. This involves community awareness and education activities in line with national prevention and control programs, including strategies for diet, weight-reduction, and physical activity. Clinical preventive measures and treatment interventions should be implemented using evidence-based guidelines."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Diabetes?",
+        "completion": "It's crucial to analyze the distribution of cases by age and other demographic factors."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Diabetes?",
+        "completion": "Cases should be graphed quarterly to understand trends. Data for non-communicable diseases like diabetes should be analyzed for long-term trends."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Diabetes?",
+        "completion": "It's important to compare district trends with national and regional trends."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Diabetes?",
+        "completion": "1. Non-communicable Diseases: A strategy for the African Region, AFR/RC50/10\n2. Cardiovascular Diseases in the African Region: Current situation and perspectives, AFR/RC55/12,429\n3. Diabetes prevention and control: a strategy for the African Region, AFR/RC57/7\n4. Steps manual: http://www.who.int/chp/steps/en/\n5. Gojka R et al, Global prevalence of diabetes, Diabetes care 27(5): 1047-1053, 2004.\n6. IDF, Diabetes Atlas, 2nd Edition, Brussels, International Diabetes Federation, 2003.\n7. WHO, Preventing chronic diseases: A vital investment, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005\n8. WHO, The burden of mortality attributable to diabetes, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.\n9. WHO-PEN: Protocols for health promotion, prevention and management of NCDs at primary care level http://www.afro.who.int/en/divisions-a- programmes/ddc/division/2257- who-pen-protocols.html\n10. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries, Cambridge"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+    "disease": "Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)",
+    "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (SD1) is the most common cause of enteric infections and is transmitted from person-to-person through faecal-oral spread.Large scale outbreaks may be caused by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (SD1) with up to 30% of populations infected. The case fatality rate may approach 20% among young children and elderly persons with severe dehydration.The incubation period is from 1 to 4 days.Clinical illness is characterized by acute fever and bloody diarrhoea, and can also present with systemic symptoms and signs as well as dehydration especially in young children.Risk factor: overcrowded areas with unsafe water and poor sanitation (for example, refugee and famine populations).SD1 is frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics including trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole.Enterohaemorrhagic and enteroinvasive E. coli and other bacteria or parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica may also cause bloody diarrhoea."
+    },
+    "surveillanceGoal": " Detect and respond to dysentery outbreaks promptly.Improve percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases and evaluate proportion verified as type 1 (SD1).Determine antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the agents isolated (especially SD1) both for routine surveillance and during outbreaks.",
+    "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "A person with diarrhoea with visible blood in stool.",
+      "confirmedCase": "Suspected case with stool culture positive for Shigella dysenteriae type1."
+    },
+    "respondToAlertThreshold": "If you observe that the number of cases or deaths is increasing over a period of time:Report the increase to the next level of the health system.Treat the suspected cases with oral rehydration and antibiotics based on recent susceptibility results, if available.Obtain stool or rectal swab specimen for confirming the SD1 outbreak.Investigate the case to determine risk factors contributing to transmission.",
+    "respondToActionThreshold": "If a suspected outbreak is confirmed:Search for additional cases in locality of confirmed cases.Strengthen case management and treatment.Mobilize community to enable rapid case detection and treatment.Identify high risk populations using person, place, and time data.Reduce sporadic and outbreak-related cases by promoting hand-washing with soap or as and water after defecating and before handling food. Strengthening access to safe water supply and storage, and use of latrines and safe disposal of human waste.",
+    "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Count cases and deaths each month. During an outbreak, count outbreak-related cases by week. Routinely analyze age distribution. Assess risk factors to improve control and prevention of sporadic diseases and outbreaks.",
+      "time": "Graph monthly trends in cases and deaths. Construct an epidemic curve for outbreak cases.",
+      "place": "Plot location of case households."
+    },
+    "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Isolate Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (SD1) in culture to confirm shigella outbreak. If SD1 is confirmed, perform antibiotic sensitivity tests with appropriate drugs.",
+      "specimen": "Stool or rectal swab.",
+      "whenToCollect": "For each new area affected by the outbreak, a laboratory confirmation should done.Collect sample when an outbreak is suspected. Collect stool from 5-10 patients who have bloody diarrhoea and:Onset within last 4 days, and Before antibiotic treatment has started.Preferably, collect stool in a clean, dry container. Do not contaminate with urine. Sample stool with a swab, selecting portions of the specimen with blood or mucus.If stool cannot be collected, obtain a rectal swab sample with a clean, cotton swab.",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Place stool swab or rectal swab in Cary-Blair transport medium. Transport to laboratory refrigerated.If Cary-Blair not available, send sample to lab within 2 hours in a clean, dry container with a tightly-fitting cap. Specimens not preserved in Cary-Blair will have significant reduction of shigellae after 24 hours.If storage is required, hold specimens at 4°C to 8°C, and do not freeze.",
+      "results": "Culture results are usually available 2 to 4 days after receipt by the laboratory. SD1 isolates should be characterized by antibiotic susceptibility.After confirmation of initial 5-10 cases in an outbreak, sample only a small number of cases until the outbreak ends, to monitor cessation of the outbreak, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns, which will guide the definitive treatment.Refer to disease specific guidelines in Section 8.0 for additional information about the epidemic potential of Shigella dysenteriae 1"
+    },
+    "reference": ["Guidelines for the control of epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1. WHO/CDR/95.4,Safe Water Systems for the Developing World: A Handbook for Implementing Household- based Water Treatment and Safe Storage Projects. Department of Health & Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta. 2000,Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Epidemic Dysentery and Cholera"]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (SD1) is the most prevalent cause of enteric infections, transmitted through person-to-person via the faecal-oral route. Large outbreaks may occur with up to 30% of populations affected, potentially leading to a case fatality rate nearing 20% for vulnerable groups like young children and the elderly. Clinical symptoms include fever, bloody diarrhoea, systemic symptoms, and dehydration. The risk factor is largely linked to overcrowded areas with poor sanitation. The bacteria often show resistance to multiple antibiotics. Enterohaemorrhagic and enteroinvasive E. coli, as well as other pathogens like Entamoeba histolytica, may also result in bloody diarrhoea."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "The objectives are to promptly detect and address dysentery outbreaks, enhance the percentage of lab-confirmed cases and ascertain the proportion that are type 1 (SD1). Furthermore, it is essential to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated agents, especially during outbreaks."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "A suspected case is defined as a person presenting with diarrhoea accompanied by visible blood in the stool."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "A confirmed case is a suspected case where the stool culture tests positive for Shigella dysenteriae type 1."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an alert threshold for Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "Upon noticing an increase in the number of cases or deaths over time: Report the surge to the next health system level, treat suspected cases with oral rehydration and antibiotics based on recent susceptibility results, collect stool or rectal swab specimen for confirming the SD1 outbreak, and investigate the case to ascertain risk factors contributing to transmission."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an action threshold for Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "If an outbreak is confirmed, actions include: searching for additional cases in the locality of the confirmed cases, enhancing case management and treatment, mobilizing the community for rapid case detection and treatment, identifying high-risk populations using data on person, place, and time, promoting hand-washing, ensuring access to safe water, and facilitating the use of latrines and safe waste disposal."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "Count cases and deaths each month. During an outbreak, count outbreak-related cases weekly. Regularly analyze the age distribution and assess risk factors to enhance control and prevention measures."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "Monthly trends in cases and deaths should be graphed. During an outbreak, it's crucial to construct an epidemic curve."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "It's vital to plot the location of case households."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the laboratory confirmation details for Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "Diagnostic tests include isolating Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (SD1) in culture to confirm a shigella outbreak and, if SD1 is confirmed, conducting antibiotic sensitivity tests. The specimen used is stool or a rectal swab. For each new area affected by the outbreak, laboratory confirmation should be obtained. Specimens should be collected when an outbreak is suspected, ideally from 5-10 patients displaying symptoms. Specimens should be placed in Cary-Blair transport medium and sent to the laboratory refrigerated. Culture results typically become available 2 to 4 days after the laboratory receives them. Following the confirmation of the initial 5-10 cases in an outbreak, only a few cases should be sampled to monitor the outbreak's cessation and any changes in antibiotic sensitivity patterns."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the references for Diarrhoea with blood (Shigella)?",
+      "completion": "1. Guidelines for the control of epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1. WHO/CDR/95.4\n2. Safe Water Systems for the Developing World: A Handbook for Implementing Household- based Water Treatment and Safe Storage Projects. Department of Health & Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta. 2000\n3. Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Epidemic Dysentery and Cholera."
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age is due to infections of the gastrointestinal tract caused by viruses (especially Rotavirus), bacteria (E. Coli, Salmonellae, shigellae, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and others), and parasites (Giardia, Entamoeba, cryptosporidia, and cyclospora). These diseases are transmitted through eating contaminated food or water, or through faecal-oral spread.Diarrhoeal diseases represent the second leading cause of death among children less than 5 years of age in many African countries, with more than 3 million deaths per year.Different epidemiological patterns (for example, seasonality) are observed for different pathogens.The WHO and UNICEF advocate that each district team use the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality of childhood diarrhoea.",
+      "transmissionRoutes": "",
+      "priorityReason": "",
+      "riskFactors": "",
+      "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Detect diarrhoea outbreaks promptly. Laboratory confirmation can confirm specific pathogenic agent outbreak, but laboratory confirmation is not necessary for routine surveillance of diarrhoea with dehydration.Monitor antimicrobial resistance during outbreaks of bacterial origin.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "Passage of 3 or more loose or watery stools in the past 24 hours with or without dehydration and:Some dehydration -- two or more of the following signs: restlessness, irritability; sunken eyes; thirsty; skin pinch goes back slowly, or Severe dehydration -- two or more of the following signs: lethargy or unconsciousness; sunken eyes; not able to drink or drinking poorly; skin pinch goes back very slowly.",
+      "confirmedCase": "Suspected case confirmed with stool culture for a known enteric pathogen. Note: Laboratory confirmation of specific agent causing outbreak is not routinely recommended for surveillance"
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If you observe that the number of cases or deaths is increasing over a period of time:Report the problem to the next level. Investigate the cause for the increased number of cases or deaths and identify the problem.Make sure that cases are managed according to IMCI guidelines.Encourage home-based therapy with oral rehydration.",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If the number of cases or deaths increase to two times the number usually seen in a similar period in the past:Assess health worker practice of IMCI guidelines for managing cases and improve performance for classifying diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age.Teach mothers about home treatment with oral rehydration.Conduct community education about boiling and chlorinating water, and safe water",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Report monthly totals due to diarrhoea with some dehydration and also for diarrhoea with severe dehydration from outpatient services. Also report monthly inpatient total cases and deaths due to diarrhoea with severe dehydration.",
+      "time": "Graph cases and deaths to compare with same period in previous years. Prepare graphs for outpatient diarrhoea with some dehydration and for diarrhoea with severe dehydration. Construct an epidemic curve when outbreaks are detected.",
+      "place": "Plot location of case households."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": "Laboratory culture of stools may be used to confirm possible outbreaks of specific agents, but is not necessary for case definition.",
+  "reference": [
+      "Management of childhood illness: Clinical skills training course for first level health facilities. World Health Organization. WHO/CDR/95.14,Integrated Management of Childhood Illness: A WHO/UNICEF Initiative Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Vol. 75, 1997, Supplement 1, 1997. ISBN 92 4 068750 5"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "Diarrhoea with dehydration in children under 5 years old is primarily caused by infections in the gastrointestinal tract. The culprits include viruses (notably Rotavirus), bacteria (such as E. Coli, Salmonellae, shigellae, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and others), and parasites (like Giardia, Entamoeba, cryptosporidia, and cyclospora). Transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated food or water or via the faecal-oral route. Diarrhoeal diseases rank as the second leading cause of death among young children in many African nations, resulting in over 3 million fatalities annually. There are different epidemiological patterns observed for various pathogens. The WHO and UNICEF recommend the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) strategy at the district level to reduce the morbidity and mortality from childhood diarrhoea."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "The primary goals are to detect diarrhoea outbreaks quickly. While lab confirmation can pinpoint a specific pathogenic agent causing an outbreak, it isn't necessary for the routine surveillance of diarrhoea with dehydration. Additionally, monitoring antimicrobial resistance is vital during outbreaks of bacterial origin."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "A suspected case involves the passage of 3 or more loose or watery stools in the past 24 hours, with or without dehydration. If 'some dehydration' is present, two or more of these signs are evident: restlessness, irritability; sunken eyes; thirst; slow skin pinch retraction. In 'severe dehydration', at least two of these symptoms are present: lethargy or unconsciousness; sunken eyes; difficulty in drinking or drinking poorly; very slow skin pinch retraction."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "A confirmed case is a suspected case wherein the stool culture tests positive for a known enteric pathogen. However, routinely confirming the specific agent causing an outbreak via laboratory tests isn't recommended for surveillance."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an alert threshold for Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "In cases where there's an observable increase in the number of cases or deaths over time: Report the anomaly to the next level, investigate the reason for the surge, ensure cases are managed according to IMCI guidelines, and advocate for home-based therapy using oral rehydration."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an action threshold for Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "If the number of cases or deaths surges to double the usual number seen in a similar timeframe in the past: Evaluate health worker's adherence to IMCI guidelines for case management, and improve their performance in classifying diarrhoea with dehydration in children under 5. Educate mothers about home-based oral rehydration treatment. Launch community education campaigns about boiling and chlorinating water for safe consumption."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "Monthly report totals for cases due to diarrhoea with some dehydration and for diarrhoea with severe dehydration from outpatient services. Also, report the monthly inpatient total cases and deaths due to diarrhoea with severe dehydration."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "Cases and deaths should be graphed monthly to compare with the same period in previous years. During an outbreak, it's essential to construct an epidemic curve."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "It's crucial to plot the location of case households to understand the geographical spread."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the laboratory confirmation details for Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "Stool cultures may be employed to verify potential outbreaks of specific agents. However, laboratory confirmation is not essential for the case definition."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Diarrhoea with dehydration in children less than 5 years of age?",
+        "completion": "1. Management of childhood illness: Clinical skills training course for first level health facilities. World Health Organization. WHO/CDR/95.14\n2. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness: A WHO/UNICEF Initiative Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Vol. 75, 1997, Supplement 1, 1997. ISBN 92 4 068750 5"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Dracunculiasis_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Dracunculiasis",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Dracunculiasis is commonly known as Guinea worm disease. It is caused by a large nematode, a disabling parasite that emerges through the skin of the infected person.This is an old disease, known since antiquity, leaving many patients with unfortunate socio- economic consequences. It is transmitted through ingestion of water containing a crustacean (cyclops) which is infested by an immature form (larvae) of the nematode. The Cyclops is found in stagnant surface water sources (ponds, traditional shallow wells) in rural areas. The female nematode discharges from the host's skin when there is contact with water. The incubation period is between 9 to 12 months There is no treatment or vaccine against the disease.Successfuldiseasecontrolstrategiesconductedbytheendemiccountriesandaninternational coalition of partners has pushed Dracunculiasis towards eradication. By December 2008, 4619 cases of Guinea worm were reported to WHO, worldwide, compared to 892 000 that were reported in 1989, showing a reduction of 99.47%.In 1989, the disease was endemic in 20 countries, worldwide: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Chad Ghana, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Togo, Uganda and Yemen.Currently, solely Africa remains affected where 6 countries are still endemic in 2009: Sudan, Ghana, Mali, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Niger.",
+      "transmissionRoutes": "",
+      "priorityReason": "",
+      "riskFactors": "",
+      "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Active detection and investigation of each case at the community level. Monthly reporting of cases to the next level.In zones where local transmission of the Guinea worm disease has been interrupted, maintain active searches for additional cases or rumors of case.Report all imported cases to countries or areas of origin.Integrate into surveillance to confirm absence of transmission.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "A person presenting a skin lesion with itching or blister living in endemic area of Guinea worm.",
+      "confirmedCase": "at the last phase of the programme, confirmation of last cases by knowledgeable health staff is required."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If a single case is suspected:Report the case according to national program guidelines for eradication of Dracunculiasis.Treat the wound (if any) to decrease disability associated with painful leg lesions.Conduct case investigation to confirm risk factors.Improve access to safe water according to national guidelines.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Count monthly cases, and analyze age distribution. Report monthly to next levels.",
+      "time": "Graph cases monthly.",
+      "place": "Plot distribution of households and work sites for cases from which cases have been reported."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": "Routine laboratory confirmation for surveillance is not required. Diagnosis is made by visual recognition of the adult worm protruding from a skin lesion (see section 8.0) or by microscopic identification of larvae. Laboratory tests to investigate dracunculiasis are limited because the larvae of D. medinensis are normally washed into water. A diagnosis usually made when the blister has ruptured and the anterior end of the female worm can be seen. If required, laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis can be made as follows: place a few drops of water on the ulcer, collect and transfer the water to a slide and examine microscopically for motile larvae.",
+  "reference": [
+      "Dracunculiasis or guinea-worm, Geneva, World Health Organization, WHO/CDS/CEE/DRA/99.2, 1999 and WHO/WER N°37 September 2003,Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition,District Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries, Cambridge"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "Dracunculiasis, commonly referred to as Guinea worm disease, is caused by a large nematode - a disabling parasite that emerges through an individual's skin. An ancient disease, Dracunculiasis has adverse socio-economic impacts on patients. Transmission occurs when one consumes water containing cyclops, a crustacean infested by the nematode larvae. The Cyclops thrives in stagnant water sources such as ponds and traditional shallow wells. When the nematode-infected person's skin comes into contact with water, the female nematode releases. The disease's incubation period ranges between 9 to 12 months. There's neither a treatment nor a vaccine for this disease. Due to extensive disease control strategies by endemic countries and international partners, the number of cases has significantly reduced. By 2008, only 4619 cases were reported worldwide, a stark decrease from the 892,000 reported in 1989. In 1989, it was endemic in 20 countries, but by 2009, only six African countries were still affected: Sudan, Ghana, Mali, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Niger."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "The primary objectives are active detection and investigation of each case at the community level, monthly case reporting to higher levels, and in areas where local transmission has been interrupted, the continuation of active searches for potential cases or rumors of cases. Any imported cases must be reported to the countries or areas of origin. The surveillance also aims to confirm the absence of transmission."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "A suspected case is defined as a person who presents with a skin lesion accompanied by itching or a blister, and who resides in a Guinea worm-endemic area."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "In the final stages of the program, the confirmation of the last cases by knowledgeable health staff is deemed necessary."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an alert threshold for Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "In the event of a single suspected case: it's vital to report the case as per the national program guidelines for Dracunculiasis eradication. Any wounds should be treated to reduce disability from painful leg lesions. An investigation should be conducted to confirm risk factors, and access to safe water should be improved following national guidelines."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "It's essential to count monthly cases and analyze age distribution. Monthly reports should be submitted to the next levels."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "Cases should be graphed on a monthly basis to observe trends and patterns."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "Mapping the distribution of households and work sites from which cases have been reported can provide insights into the geographical spread and potential hotspots."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the laboratory confirmation details for Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "Routine laboratory confirmation for surveillance isn't necessary. Diagnosis is typically made visually by recognizing the adult worm protruding from a skin lesion or through microscopic identification of larvae. Lab tests for Dracunculiasis are limited because larvae are usually washed into water. Diagnosis is often made when the blister ruptures and the female worm's anterior end is visible. If laboratory confirmation is required, a few drops of water can be placed on the ulcer, collected, and transferred to a slide for microscopic examination of motile larvae."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Dracunculiasis?",
+        "completion": "1. Dracunculiasis or guinea-worm, Geneva, World Health Organization, WHO/CDS/CEE/DRA/99.2, 1999 and WHO/WER N°37 September 2003\n2. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th Edition\n3. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical countries, Cambridge"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Ebola or Marburg virus diseases_04-082023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Ebola or Marburg virus diseases",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "The Ebola and Marburg viruses are both filoviruses.Almost 3,000 cases of Ebola with over 1,900 deaths have been documented since the Ebola virus was discovered in 1976. Major Ebola outbreaks have occurred in Sudan, DRC, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Uganda and Congo. More than 500 cases of Marburg with over 400 deaths were reported during outbreaks of Marburg virus that occurred in DRC (1998-2000), Angola (2004-2005) and Uganda (3 cases in 2007).These two viruses are transmitted by direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other body fluids of infected persons. The infection of humans with Ebola virus through the handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, and forest antelopes (alive and dead) has been documented.Ecological studies are in progress to identify the natural reservoirs of both Marburg and Ebola. There is evidence that bats are involved.Epidemics can be dramatically amplified in health care facilities with inadequate infection control precautions/barrier nursing procedures.Incubation period for Ebola and Marburg is 2 to 21 days.Between 20% and 80% of patients have haemorrhagic manifestations depending on the Ebola or Marburg virus strain. Patients become increasingly infectious as their illness progresses.High case fatality ratios have been reported during Ebola outbreaks (25% to 90%) and during Marburg outbreaks (25% to 80%).There is no specific treatment for either disease. Severe cases require intensive supportive care, as patients are frequently dehydrated and in need of intravenous fluids or oral rehydration with solutions containing electrolytes.Close contact with a severely ill patient, during care at home or in hospital, and certain burial practices are common routes of infection. Transmission via contaminated injection equipment or through needle-stick injuries is associated with more severe disease. Infection may also be spread through contact with soiled clothing or bed linens from an infected patient.",
+      "transmissionRoutes": "",
+      "priorityReason": "",
+      "riskFactors": "",
+      "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Early detection of cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the aetiology of all suspected cases.Investigation of all suspected cases with contact tracing.During epidemics, most infected patients do not show haemorrhagic symptoms and a specific case definition according to the suspected or confirmed disease should be used.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "Illness with onset of fever and no response to usual causes of fever in the area, and at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhoea, bleeding from gums, bleeding into skin (purpura), bleeding into eyes and urine.",
+      "probableCase": "",
+      "confirmedCase": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive IgM antibody, positive PCR or viral isolation), or epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak.Note: During an outbreak, these case definitions may be changed to correspond to the local event."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If a single case is suspected:Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels.Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients and strict barrier nursing techniques implemented.Standard precautions should be enhanced throughout the healthcare setting.Treat and manage the patient with supportive care.Collect specimen to confirm the case(s).Conduct case-contact follow-up and active case search for additional cases.",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If a single case is confirmed:Maintain strict VHF infection control practices* throughout the outbreak.Mobilize the community for early detection and care of cases and conduct community education about how the disease is transmitted and how to implement infection control in the home care setting and during funerals.Conduct case contact follow-up and active searches for additional cases that may not come to the health care setting.Request additional help from other levels as needed.Establish isolation ward to handle additional cases that may come to the health centre.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Implement immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths. Analyze age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors and plan disease control interventions accordingly.",
+      "time": "Graph cases and deaths daily/weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak.",
+      "place": "Map locations of cases' households."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Presence of IgM antibodies against Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, Lassa or West Nile Fever or Presence of Ebola in post-mortem skin necropsy",
+      "specimen": "For ELISA:Whole blood, serum or plasma For PCR:Whole blood or blood clot, serum/plasma or tissue For immunohisto-chemistry: Skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases.",
+      "whenToCollect": "Collect specimen from the first suspected case.If more than one suspected case, collect until specimens have been collected from 5 to10 suspected cases.",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "HANDLE AND TRANSPORT SPECIMENS FROM SUSPECTED EBOLA/ MARBURG CASES WITH EXTREME CAUTION. WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND USE BARRIER PRECAUTIONS.For ELISA or PCR:Refrigerate serum or clot Freeze (-20C or colder) tissue specimens for virus isolationFor Immunohistochemistry:Fix skin snip specimen in formalin. Specimen can be stored up to 6 weeks. The specimen is not infectious once it is in formalin.Store at room temperature. Formalin-fixed specimens may be transported at room temperature.",
+      "results": "Diagnostic services for VHF are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for VHF diagnostic services. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO."
+  },
+  "reference": [
+      "Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP/EPR/WHO, Geneva March 2008.Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998. WHO/EMWHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2 WHO Fact Sheet No 103, Ebola haemorrhagic fever, revised December 2003WHO Fact Sheet, Marburg haemorrhagic fever, revised July 2008,Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP/EPR/WHO, Geneva March 2008.WHO recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever (EHF). WO/EMC/DIS/97.7."
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "Ebola and Marburg viruses are filoviruses. Since the discovery of the Ebola virus in 1976, almost 3,000 cases have been documented with over 1,900 deaths. Major outbreaks of Ebola have occurred in countries including Sudan, DRC, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Uganda, and Congo. Marburg virus outbreaks have led to over 500 cases and 400 deaths, notably in the DRC, Angola, and Uganda. Transmission of these viruses occurs through direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other body fluids of infected individuals. Ingestion of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, and forest antelopes has been documented as a transmission route. Bats are suspected to be natural reservoirs. Epidemics can amplify in healthcare facilities without proper infection control. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days. Hemorrhagic manifestations vary, and case fatality ratios during outbreaks range from 25% to 90% for Ebola and 25% to 80% for Marburg. There's no specific treatment, with patients often requiring intensive supportive care. Close contact with severely ill patients and certain burial practices are common transmission routes."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "The aim is early detection of cases and outbreaks, swift investigation, and early laboratory verification of the cause for all suspected cases. Investigations should be conducted for all suspected cases with contact tracing. During epidemics, it's crucial to use specific case definitions aligned with the suspected or confirmed disease, as many infected patients do not exhibit hemorrhagic symptoms."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "A person showing signs of fever, which doesn't respond to common fever treatments in the area, accompanied by at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhoea, bleeding from the gums, purpura (bleeding into the skin), or bleeding into the eyes and urine."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation, either through positive IgM antibody, positive PCR, or viral isolation, or having an epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak. It's essential to note that during an outbreak, these definitions might be adjusted to match the local event."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an alert threshold for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "For any single suspected case: Immediate case-based reporting to the appropriate levels is crucial. Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients, and strict barrier nursing techniques should be implemented. Patients should receive supportive care. Specimens should be collected for confirmation, and case-contact follow-up and active searches should be conducted for additional cases."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an action threshold for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "Once a single case is confirmed: Strict infection control practices must be maintained throughout the outbreak. The community should be mobilized for early case detection and care. Community education should focus on disease transmission and infection control at home and during funerals. Case contact follow-up and active searches for additional cases should continue, and assistance from other levels might be required. An isolation ward should be established for new cases."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "Immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths is crucial. Age and sex distribution should be analyzed. Risk factors should be assessed to plan disease control interventions effectively."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "Cases and deaths should be graphed daily or weekly. During the outbreak, an epidemic curve should be constructed to visualize the progression and pattern of the disease."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "The locations of the households of the cases should be mapped to understand the geographical distribution and potential hotspots."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the laboratory confirmation details for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "For diagnosis, the presence of IgM antibodies against Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, Lassa, or West Nile Fever is sought. Another diagnostic test is the presence of Ebola in post-mortem skin necropsy. Specimens recommended for ELISA or PCR include whole blood, serum, plasma, or tissue. For immunohistochemistry, skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases are used. Specimens should be collected from the first suspected case or until specimens have been taken from 5 to 10 suspected cases. Extreme caution should be exercised when handling and transporting specimens. Diagnostic services for these diseases are not typically available, and advance arrangements are usually necessary."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases?",
+        "completion": "1. Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP/EPR/WHO, Geneva March 2008.\n2. Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998.\n3. WHO recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2\n4. WHO Fact Sheet No 103, Ebola haemorrhagic fever, revised December 2003\n5. WHO Fact Sheet, Marburg haemorrhagic fever, revised July 2008\n6. WHO recommended Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever (EHF).\n7. WO/EMC/DIS/97.7."
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Foodborne Illnesses_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Foodborne Illnesses",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Foodborneillnessesarecausedbyavarietyofbacterial,viral,parasiticandbacterialorfungal pathogens or their toxins that enter the body through consumption of food or water. In addition to diseases listed elsewhere in this guideline such as cholera, and shigellosis, surveillance for foodborne illnesses may involve other causes such as salmonellosis, hepatitis A or chemical contamination.A foodborne illness occurs when two or more people have shared common food or drink followed by an onset of symptoms within a short time period.Most people with a foodborne illness do not seek medical care, so cases and outbreaks of foodborne illness usually are neither recognized nor reported.The first symptoms often occur in gastrointestinal tract. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhoea are frequent symptoms of foodborne diseases.Outbreaks may be localized affecting as few as 2 individuals who ate a common meal or product, but large and geographically widespread outbreaks may also occur. Large outbreaks occur when food is contaminated prior to distribution and is widely consumed by many people in many areas.Surveillance for foodborne illnesses is needed to monitor food safety and target health promotion actions aimed at food handlers for safer food practices and improved personal hygiene."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "To promptly identify any unusual cluster of disease potentially transmitted through food, which may need a public health investigation or response.Monitor the magnitude of foodborne illnesses.Identify high risk foods or food practices. Monitor risk factors to inform public health interventions and health promotion for targeted foods or food practices.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "A foodborne illness is suspected when 2 or more people present with similar symptoms and who consumed common food or drink.A foodborne illness is defined according to the specific agent causing the disease (for example, cholera, hepatitis A, salmonellosis, shigellosis).",
+      "confirmedCase": "A confirmed foodborne illness is a laboratory confirmed case of a specific agent with a link to a common food or drink source."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If observed that �2 people are ill and have eaten food from a common source:Immediately report the illness to the next level of the heath system.From patients and from the suspected food items and drinks, collect specimens for laboratory confirmation  Treat suspected cases",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If an outbreak of a foodborne illness is confirmed:Search for additional cases in locality of confirmed cases.Strengthen case management and treatment.Mobilize community for rapid case detection and treatment.Identify high risk groups.Remove from the restaurant menu or the supermarkets shelves, food items from which evidence of unsafe food may be obtained.Eventually call for in-depth investigation of the food chains that may be associated with the outbreak.Reduce sporadic and outbreak-related cases by promoting handwashing with soap and water after defaecating/urinating and before food handling/meals; strengthen access to safe water supply and storage, use of latrines and safe human waste disposal.Scale-up food safety health promotion activities using the WHO Five Keys to Safer Food (see reference below) and the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system.Scale-up food inspection activities",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Countcasesanddeathseachmonth.Duringanoutbreak,countoutbreak-relatedcases by week.Routinely review clinical data and laboratory results from food and human analyses to identify clusters of cases in time, place or person. Investigate any suspected foodborne outbreaks detected in the data.Investigate all suspected outbreaks of foodborne illnesses.",
+      "time": "Graph monthly trends in cases and deaths; Construct an epidemic curve for outbreak cases.",
+      "place": "Plot location of households for cases and deaths"
+  },
+  "reference": [
+      "Guidelines for Strengthening Foodborne Disease Surveillance in the WHO African Region",
+      "WHO Five Keys to Safer Food at www.who.int/fsf/Documents/5keys-ID-eng.pdf",
+      "WHO Foodborne disease outbreaks: Guidelines for investigation and control http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241547222"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "Foodborne illnesses are diseases caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal, or their toxins that enter the body through the consumption of food or water. This category encompasses a wide range of illnesses, such as cholera, shigellosis, salmonellosis, and hepatitis A, among others. A foodborne illness occurs when two or more individuals consume a common food or drink and subsequently exhibit symptoms within a short timeframe. Most affected individuals don't seek medical care, so many cases and outbreaks go unrecognized and unreported. Initial symptoms typically manifest in the gastrointestinal tract, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Outbreaks can range from localized incidents involving a small group of people to extensive, geographically widespread events. Large outbreaks often result from food contamination prior to widespread distribution. Surveillance is crucial to monitor food safety, promote safe food practices, and improve personal hygiene among food handlers."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "The primary objectives are to quickly identify any unusual disease clusters potentially transmitted through food, which may necessitate a public health investigation or response. Surveillance aims to monitor the extent of foodborne illnesses, identify high-risk foods or food practices, and observe risk factors to guide public health interventions and promote healthier food practices."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "A foodborne illness is suspected when two or more individuals display similar symptoms after consuming a common food or drink. The specific definition of a foodborne illness will vary based on the causative agent, such as cholera, hepatitis A, salmonellosis, or shigellosis."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "A confirmed foodborne illness is one that has been laboratory-confirmed for a specific agent and is linked to a common food or drink source."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an alert threshold for Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "If it's observed that two or more individuals are ill and have consumed food from a shared source, the situation should be reported immediately to the next level of the health system. Specimens should be collected from both the patients and the suspected food or drink items for laboratory confirmation. All suspected cases should receive appropriate treatment."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an action threshold for Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "Upon confirmation of a foodborne illness outbreak: search for additional cases in the vicinity of the confirmed cases; enhance case management and treatment; mobilize the community for rapid case detection and treatment; identify high-risk groups; remove potentially unsafe food items from restaurant menus or supermarket shelves; conduct thorough investigations of associated food chains; promote safe practices like handwashing, safe water access and storage, latrine use, and safe human waste disposal; scale-up food safety health promotion activities using guidelines like the WHO Five Keys to Safer Food and the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system; and intensify food inspection activities."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "Cases and deaths should be counted each month. During an outbreak, outbreak-related cases should be tallied weekly. Clinical data and laboratory results from food and human analyses should be reviewed regularly to identify clusters of cases over time, place, or person. All suspected outbreaks of foodborne illnesses should be investigated."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "Monthly trends in cases and deaths should be graphed. During an outbreak, an epidemic curve should be constructed to visualize the progression and pattern of the illness."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "The locations of the households of the cases and deaths should be mapped to understand the geographical distribution and potential hotspots."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Foodborne Illnesses?",
+        "completion": "1. Guidelines for Strengthening Foodborne Disease Surveillance in the WHO African Region.\n2. WHO Five Keys to Safer Food available at www.who.int/fsf/Documents/5keys-ID-eng.pdf.\n3. WHO Foodborne disease outbreaks: Guidelines for investigation and control found at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241547222."
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Human influenza caused by a new subtype04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Human influenza caused by a new subtype",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "An influenza pandemic occurs when a new influenza A virus emerges with efficient and sustained human-to-human transmission in populations with limited immunity. Influenza pandemics occurred in 1918, 1957 and 1968. The 1918 pandemic killed an estimated 40-50 million people. It is predicted that a pandemic of equivalent magnitude could kill 62 million people, 96% of them in developing countries.Successful containment or control of pandemic influenza is dependent on early recognition of sustained human-to-human transmission. Countries have been encouraged as part of pandemic preparedness planning to enhance surveillance to (i) detect the emergence of new disease; (ii) characterize the disease (epidemiology, clinical manifestations, severity); and (iii) monitor its evolution.Influenza A (H1N1) 2009: On 11 June 2009, WHO declared a global pandemic due to influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus and of 8 October 2009, 195 countries, territories and areas had reported cases and/or outbreaks of pandemic (H1N1) virus. The spectrum of disease ranges from non-febrile, mild upper respiratory tract illness to severe or fatal pneumonia.Influenza A (H5N1): Another influenza subtype, H5N1 has been circulating among birds for more than 10 years. In 2003, infections in people exposed to sick birds were identified. Since 2003, H5N1 has been confirmed in poultry and/or wild birds in 62 countries and 442 confirmed human H5N1 cases with 262 deaths have been reported from 15 countries. One confirmed death from human infection with A (H5N1) was reported from Nigeria in January 2007. Most patients with H5N1 present with symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath and radiological evidence of pneumonia. The large majority of cases for which risk factor data are available indicate that direct contact with live or recently dead poultry is the most important risk factor for human H5N1 infection. However, the continued geographical spread of this highly pathogenic avian influenza virus among birds in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and Africa has heightened concerns about the possibility of a global human pandemic of influenza H5N1.Under the IHR (2005), a State Party is required to notify WHO of the first occurrence of human influenza caused by a new subtype, including pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "To detect and investigate the first evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission of an influenza virus with pandemic potential.To assess the earliest cases of pandemic influenza occurring in a country in order to characterize the new disease including its clinical characteristics, risk factor information, and epidemiological and virological features.To monitor the course of the pandemic within the country, regionally and globally.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedCase": "Any person presenting with unexplained acute lower respiratory illness with fever (>38 °C) and cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing AND one or more of the following exposures within the 7 days prior to symptom onset:Close contact (within 1 meter) with a person (e.g. caring for, speaking with, or touching) who is a suspected, probable, or confirmed H5N1 case;g) Exposure (e.g. handling, slaughtering, de-feathering, butchering, preparation for consumption) to poultry or wild birds or their remains or to environments contaminated by their faeces in an area where H5N1 infections in animals or humans have been suspected or confirmed in the last month;h) Consumption of raw or undercooked poultry products in an area where H5N1 infections in animals or humans have been suspected or confirmed in the last month;i) Close contact with a confirmed H5N1 infected animal other than poultry or wild birds;j) Handling samples (animal or human) suspected of containing H5N1 virus in a laboratory or other setting.",
+      "confirmedCase": "A person meeting the criteria for a suspected case AND positive laboratory results from a laboratory whose H5N1 test results are accepted by WHO as confirmatory.",
+      "SuspectedPandemic(H1N1)2009 virus infection":"An individual presenting with influenza- like-illness (sudden onset of fever > 38 °C and cough or sore throat in the absence of another diagnosis) with a history of exposure to a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus.",
+      "ConfirmedPandemic(H1N1)2009 virus infection":"An individual with a laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection by one or more of the following tests: PCR; viral culture; 4-fold rise in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus-specific neutralizing antibodies."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels.Implement acute respiratory disease infection control precautions immediately and enhance Standard Precautions throughout the health care setting.Treat and manage the patient according to national guidelines.Collect laboratory specimens from case-patient and from symptomatic contacts and arrange for laboratory testing.Review clinical and exposure history during 7 days before disease onset.Identify and follow-up close contacts of case-patient.Search for additional cases.Conduct epidemiological investigation to identify risk factors for infection and populations at risk for severe disease.Plan and implement prevention and control measures.",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If a single case of human influenza caused by a new subtype is confirmed or if another acute respiratory disease of epidemic or pandemic potential is confirmed:Maintain strict acute respiratory disease infection control precautions and establish an isolation ward to manage additional cases who may present for care.Treat and manage the patient according to national guidelines.Implement active surveillance of case-patient contacts.Conduct active searches for additional cases.Distribute laboratory specimen collection kits to health care facilities.Identify high risk populations.Mobilize the community to enable rapid case detection and treatment.Conduct community education on how influenza is transmitted and on how to implement infection measures in home and community settings.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Count weekly total cases and deaths for sporadic cases and during outbreaks. Analyze age and sex distribution. Characterize the illness in terms of clinical presentation, the spectrum of disease, the proportion of cases requiring hospitalization, clinical outcomes, case fatality ratio, attack rates by age/occupation/blood relation.",
+      "time": "Graph weekly cases and deaths, construct an epidemic curve",
+      "place": "Plot location of case households and work sites using precise mapping."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+      "diagnosticTest": "Identification of human influenza virus infections by:1) Detection of influenza-specific RNA by reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction,2) Isolation in cell culture (BSL3 lab required for suspected new subtype),3) Direct antigen detection (low sensitivity)",
+      "specimen": "A variety of specimens are suitable for the diagnosis:Throat swab Nasopharyngeal swab,Nasal swab,Nasopharyngeal aspirate,Intubated patients: tracheal swab or broncholavage fluid,Blood,Specimens should be collected in the following order of priority: Throat swab/Nasopharyngeal aspirate,Acute serum,Convalescent serum",
+      "whenToCollect": "Obtained specimen within 3 days of the onset of symptoms,Initial specimens (respiratory or blood) should ideally be collected from suspected patients before antiviral therapy is begun but treatment must not be delayed in order to take specimens.Optimally, paired sera (3-5 ml of whole blood), collected first during the acute phase of illness and then 14 days or later after the onset of illness, should be tested simultaneously.Specimens should be collected from deceased patients as soon as possible after death",
+      "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Respiratory specimens should be transported in virus transport media. Media that could be used for a variety of viruses are commercially available.Specimens in viral transport medium for viral isolation should be kept at 4°C and transported to the laboratory promptly. If specimen is twraitnhsipno2rteddays, it may be kept at 4°C; otherwise should be frozen at or below -70 °C until transported to the laboratory. Repeated freezing and thawing must be avoided to prevent loss of infectivity.Sera may be stored at 4°C for approximately one week, but thereafter should be frozen at -20°C.Transport of specimens should comply with the WHO guidelines for the safe transport of infectious substances and diagnostic specimens",
+      "results": "Laboratory results should be confirmed by an approved laboratory.Any specimen with a positive result for influenza A virus and suspected of avian influenza infection/new subtype should be further tested and verified by a designated WHO CC/ WHO H5 Reference laboratory. Laboratories that lack the capacity to perform specific influenza A subtype identification procedures are requested to:,Forward specimens or virus isolates to a National Influenza Centre or to a WHO CC/WHO H5 Reference Laboratory for further identification or characterisation.Inform the WHO Office in the country that specimens or virus isolates are being forwarded to other laboratories for further identification or further characterization."
+  },
+  "reference": [
+      "WHO guidelines for global surveillance during an influenza pandemic, April 2009.",
+      "WHO updated interim guidance on global surveillance of human infection with pandemic(H1N1) 2009 virus, July 2009.",
+      "WHO guidelines for investigation of human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1), 2007",
+      "WHO interim guidelines on infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory diseases in health care, June 2007.",
+      "Collecting, preserving and shipping specimens for the diagnosis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection. Guide for field operations, October 2006",
+      "WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines on pharmacological management of humans infected with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, May 2006.",
+      "WHO interim guidelines on clinical management of humans infected by influenza A(H5N1), August 2007.",
+      "WHO Guidelines for clinical management of human infection with new influenza A (H1N1) virus: Initial Guidance, May 2009.",
+      "WHO Guidelines for pharmacological management of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza and other influenza viruses, 20 August 2009.",
+      "Recommended laboratory tests to identify avian influenza virus A in specimens from humans, WHO, revised August 2007.",
+      "Collecting, preserving and shipping specimens for the diagnosis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection. Guide for field operations, October 2006"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "Human influenza caused by a new subtype refers to the emergence of a new influenza A virus that can cause efficient and sustained human-to-human transmission in populations with limited immunity. This can lead to a pandemic. Historical examples include the influenza pandemics of 1918, 1957, and 1968. Notably, the 1918 pandemic resulted in an estimated 40-50 million deaths. A pandemic of similar magnitude today could result in 62 million deaths, with 96% of these occurring in developing countries. Containment or control of pandemic influenza hinges on early recognition of sustained human-to-human transmission. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and Influenza A (H5N1) are recent examples of such viruses. The former led to a global pandemic in 2009, while the latter, known to circulate among birds for over a decade, has caused sporadic human infections since 2003. Most H5N1 cases have been linked to direct contact with infected poultry or wild birds. As per the IHR (2005), countries are required to notify WHO of the first occurrence of human influenza caused by a new subtype, including the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "The main objectives are to detect and investigate the earliest evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission of an influenza virus with pandemic potential. It also aims to assess the earliest cases of pandemic influenza in a country to characterize its clinical, epidemiological, and virological features. Furthermore, it seeks to monitor the progression of the pandemic both within the country and globally."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "A suspected case is defined as any individual showing symptoms of an unexplained acute lower respiratory illness accompanied by a fever of over 38°C, and presenting with cough, shortness of breath, or breathing difficulties. This should be coupled with one or more of the following exposures within the 7 days prior to symptom onset: close contact with a suspected, probable, or confirmed H5N1 case; exposure to poultry or wild birds, their remains, or environments contaminated by their feces where H5N1 infections are suspected or confirmed; consumption of raw or undercooked poultry products in such areas; close contact with a confirmed H5N1 infected animal other than poultry or wild birds; or handling samples suspected of containing the H5N1 virus in a lab setting."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "A confirmed case is an individual who meets the criteria for a suspected case and has positive laboratory results from a laboratory whose H5N1 test results are accepted by WHO as confirmatory."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an alert threshold for Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "Upon detecting a potential case, it should be reported immediately to the appropriate levels. Acute respiratory disease infection control precautions should be implemented, and standard precautions should be enhanced throughout the healthcare setting. Patients should be treated and managed according to national guidelines. Laboratory specimens should be collected from the case-patient and any symptomatic contacts for testing. A review of clinical and exposure history during the 7 days before disease onset should be conducted. Close contacts of the case-patient should be identified and followed up, and searches for additional cases should be conducted. An epidemiological investigation should be carried out to identify risk factors and vulnerable populations. Finally, prevention and control measures should be planned and implemented."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions in response to an action threshold for Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "Upon confirmation of a case caused by a new influenza subtype or another acute respiratory disease with epidemic or pandemic potential, strict acute respiratory disease infection control precautions should be maintained. An isolation ward should be established for managing potential additional cases. Patients should be treated according to national guidelines, and active surveillance should be implemented for contacts of the case-patient. Active searches for additional cases should be conducted, and laboratory specimen collection kits should be distributed to health care facilities. High-risk populations should be identified, and the community should be mobilized for rapid case detection and treatment. Community education should focus on the transmission of influenza and the implementation of infection measures in both home and community settings."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "Cases and deaths should be counted weekly for sporadic cases and during outbreaks. Age and sex distribution should be analyzed. The illness should be characterized in terms of clinical presentation, spectrum of disease, the proportion of cases requiring hospitalization, clinical outcomes, case fatality ratio, and attack rates by age, occupation, and blood relation."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "Cases and deaths should be graphed on a weekly basis, and an epidemic curve should be constructed to visualize the progression and pattern of the illness."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "The locations of the households of the cases and work sites should be plotted using precise mapping to understand the geographical distribution and potential hotspots."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Human influenza caused by a new subtype?",
+        "completion": "1. WHO guidelines for global surveillance during an influenza pandemic, April 2009.\n2. WHO updated interim guidance on global surveillance of human infection with pandemic(H1N1) 2009 virus, July 2009.\n... [and so on, listing all the references provided in the original data]"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/Hypertension_04-08-2023_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Hypertension",
+  "background": {
+      "diseaseInfo": "Hypertension or high blood pressure (HBP) is a chronic condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. It is classified as either primary (essential) or secondary. 'Primary' Hypertension is elevated blood pressure where no medical cause is found. 'Secondary' Hypertension is caused by other conditions that affect the arteries, heart, endocrine system or kidneys.Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack or stroke. According to The World Health Report 2001, cardiovascular disease related deaths are increasing in the African Region, and in 2000 accounted for 9.2% of the total deaths in the African Region. Prevalence ranges from 25% to 35% in adults aged 25 to 64 years.Hypertension affects approximately 1 billion worldwide and it is estimated that more than 20 million people in the African Region are affected.Major risk factors for hypertension are ageing, lack of physical activity, obesity, and a diet high in salt and fat. Other risk factors include; tobacco and alcohol use.Lifestyle modifications shown to lower BP include; weight reduction for individuals who are overweight or obese, reducing the amount of fat and salt in the diet, and eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, increased physical activity, and reduction of alcohol and tobacco consumption.",
+      "transmissionRoutes": "",
+      "priorityReason": "",
+      "riskFactors": "",
+      "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Prevention of secondary illness by early detection and standardized treatment,Estimation of disease burden and reduction of identified risk factorsMonitor control and prevention activities",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+      "suspectedNewCaseAt First Visit": "Any individual presenting with a resting blood pressure measurement (based on the average of 3 readings) at or above 140 mm Hg for systolic pressure, or greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg for diastolic pressure. ",
+      "confirmedCase": "Any individual presenting on at least two occasions with a resting blood pressure measurement (based on the average of 3 readings) at or above 140 mm Hg for systolic pressure, or greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg for diastolic pressure.Report only the first diagnostic of the case in the health centre"
+  },
+  "Recommended public health action": " Health promotion for non-communicable diseases focusing on HBP should be established, including community-based education on behavior change and adoption of healthy lifestyles.Promote secondary prevention and treatment interventions at health facilities according to national guidelines.",
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+      "person": "Analyze the distribution of cases by age and other demographic factors. *Data for non-communicable diseases is often analyzed for long term trends",
+      "time": "Graph cases quarterly to analyze trends.",
+      "place": " Compare district trends with national and regional trends."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": "Diagnostic is clinical.",
+  "reference": [
+      "WHO, Atlas of heart disease and stroke, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. Non communicable Diseases: A strategy for the African Region, AFR/RC50/10,Cardiovascular Diseases in the African Region: Current situation and perspectives, AFR/RC55/12,http://www.who.int/chp/steps/en/,http://www.afro.who.int/dnc/databases/afro infobase/index.html,WHO CVD-risk management package for low-and medium resource settings.,\"The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure\" U.S. Department of health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH Publication No. 03-5233, December 2003,Handbook of Hypertension, Vol 20. Editor; C.J. Bulpitt, 2000 http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is Hypertension?",
+        "completion": "Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a chronic condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It can be classified as either primary (essential) or secondary. 'Primary' Hypertension is elevated blood pressure without an identifiable medical cause, while 'Secondary' Hypertension is caused by conditions affecting the arteries, heart, endocrine system, or kidneys. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks or strokes. It affects approximately 1 billion people worldwide, and in the African Region, over 20 million people are affected. Risk factors for hypertension include aging, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, a diet high in salt and fat, tobacco and alcohol use. Lifestyle changes that can help lower blood pressure include weight reduction, a healthy diet, increased physical activity, and reduced alcohol and tobacco consumption."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the surveillance goal for Hypertension?",
+        "completion": "The surveillance goals for Hypertension are: 1) To prevent secondary illnesses through early detection and standardized treatment. 2) To estimate the disease burden and reduce identified risk factors. 3) To monitor control and prevention activities related to hypertension."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected new case of Hypertension at the first visit?",
+        "completion": "A suspected new case is any individual who, upon initial presentation, has a resting blood pressure measurement (based on the average of 3 readings) at or above 140 mm Hg for systolic pressure, or greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg for diastolic pressure."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Hypertension?",
+        "completion": "A confirmed case is any individual who, on at least two separate occasions, has a resting blood pressure measurement (based on the average of 3 readings) at or above 140 mm Hg for systolic pressure, or greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg for diastolic pressure. Only the first diagnostic of the case in the health center should be reported."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions for Hypertension?",
+        "completion": "1) Establish health promotion initiatives for non-communicable diseases that focus on Hypertension. This includes community-based education on behavioral change and adopting healthier lifestyles. 2) Promote secondary prevention and treatment interventions at health facilities, aligning with national guidelines."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about a person with Hypertension?",
+        "completion": "Analyze the distribution of cases by age and other demographic factors. Data for non-communicable diseases, such as Hypertension, is often analyzed for long-term trends."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about time in the context of Hypertension?",
+        "completion": "Cases should be graphed quarterly to analyze and identify trends over time."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How to analyze and interpret data about place in the context of Hypertension?",
+        "completion": "One should compare district trends with national and regional trends to understand the geographical distribution and potential patterns."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "How is Hypertension diagnosed?",
+        "completion": "The diagnosis of Hypertension is primarily clinical, based on blood pressure measurements."
+    },
+    {
+        "prompt": "What are the references for Hypertension?",
+        "completion": "1. WHO, Atlas of heart disease and stroke, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.\n2. Non-communicable Diseases: A strategy for the African Region, AFR/RC50/10.\n... [and so on, listing all the references provided in the original data]"
+    }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/influenza_like_illness_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Influenza-like Illness (ILI)",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Respiratory infections are a significant cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality in  the  world.  The  mortality  rates  are  particularly  high  among  infants,  children  and  the elderly. However, the burden of disease is not well characterized in  Africa. The most common pathogens causing respiratory infections are; Streptococcus pneumoniae,  Haemophilus  influenzae  type  b  (Hib),  Staphylococcus  aureus  and  other bacterial species, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), measles virus, human parainfluenza viruses type 1, 2, and 3 (PIV-1, PIV-2 and PIV-3), influenza virus and varicella  virus. Surveillance  for  respiratory  infections  is  based  on  the  Influenza-like  Illness  (ILI)  case definition. Lab-based surveillance or investigations using the ILI case definition is used to identify the disease causing  pathogen",
+    "priorityReason": "The threat of respiratory infections due to novel organisms that have epidemic or pandemic potential  warrants  special  precautions  and  preparedness.  Respiratory  disease  events  that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern include; Severe Acute Respiratory  Syndrome  (SARS);  human  influenza  caused  by  a  new  subtype,  including human  episodes  of  avian  influenza;  pneumonic  plague;  and  novel  agents  that  can  cause large-scale SARI outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality.",
+    "additionalInfo": "An improved understanding of the epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory infections in Africa is essential for optimizing public health strategies for their prevention and control (e.g., vaccines and antivirals for prophylaxis and treatment, infection control)."
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoals": "Early detection of unusual events that might indicate a shift in the severity or pattern of disease associated with influenza, or emergence of a new influenza  strain, Establish and monitor baseline rates of severe respiratory disease, including monitoring the severity and impact of  influenza, Describe and monitor vulnerable groups at highest risk of severe  disease, Detection of antigenic or genetic changes in circulating viruses or the appearance of antiviral resistance",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "definition": "A person child or adult with: Sudden onset of fever > 38 °C and cough or sore throat in the absence of other diagnoses",
+    "confirmedCase": "A confirmed case of influenza is a case that meets the clinical case definition and is laboratory confirmed (laboratory results must be positive for influenza virus)."
+  },
+  "Recommended public health action": " Health promotion for non-communicable diseases focusing on HBP should be established, including community-based education on behavior change and adoption of healthy lifestyles.Promote secondary prevention and treatment interventions at health facilities according to national guidelines.",
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "Unusual cases of influenza-like  illness. Health-care workers with only occupational exposure risks develop ILI after providing care to patients with  ILI. Two  or  more  children  and/or  adults  presenting  with  a  respiratory  infection  or  who  died from  a  respiratory  infection  with  onset  of  illness  in  a  two-week  period  and  in  the  same geographical area and/or are epidemiologically  linked. Persons who have contact with birds/animals present with  ILI, Any rumor of clusters of acute respiratory infections or of atypical respiratory infections ",
+  "ifSingleCaseConfirmed": "Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate  levels. Practice infection control precautions for an acute respiratory disease with epidemic/pandemic potential (e.g., Standard plus Contact plus Droplet Precautions) immediately and enhance Standard Precautions throughout the health care setting. Treat and manage the patient according to national  guidelines. Collect and transport laboratory specimens from case-patient and from symptomatic contacts and arrange for laboratory  testing. Review clinical history and exposure history during 7days before disease  onset. Identify and follow-up close contacts of  case-patient. Conduct active searches for additional  cases. Conduct risk assessment to guide decision-making. Public health measures related to international border and travel should be implemented under the framework of the international health regulations  (2005)",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "person": "Characterize the illness in terms of clinical presentation, the spectrum of disease including severity of illness, count and report cases and deaths, the proportion of cases requiring hospitalization, clinical outcomes, case fatality ratio, attack rates by age/occupation/blood relation, laboratory confirmed cases. Describe the overall level of  respiratory  disease  activity.  Immediate  case-based  reporting  of  cases  and  deaths. During the outbreak, Analyze age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors immediately ",
+    "time": "Graph  cases  and  deaths  weekly.  Describe  changes  in  the  level  of  respiratory  activity compared to the previous week. Construct an epidemic curve throughout the year and describe transmission patterns.",
+    "place": "Describe the degree of disruption of schools, health care infrastructure, workplace and point of entry (PoE). Ascertain whether any evidence exists that the virus may have increased it ability to cause human disease or improved its transmissibility. Also use trends of flu remedies and painkillers sales"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": "Further technical information on the role of laboratory can be found in the WHO guideline on sentinel surveillance of influenza viruses",
+  "reference": [
+    "World Health Organization - Acute Respiratory Infections http://www.who.int/vaccine research/diseases/ari/en/index.html",
+    "World Health Organization - Influenza resources http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/inforesources/en/index.html",
+    "World Health Organization - Influenza Fact Sheet http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/2003/fs211/en/",
+    "World Health Organization - Interim guidelines on infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care, June 2007 http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/WHO CD EPR 2007 6/en/index.html",
+    "World Health Organization - Guidelines for investigation of human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1), January 2007. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/influenza/WHO CDS EPR GIP 2006 4/en/index.html",
+    "World Health Organization - Collecting, preserving and shipping specimens for the diagnosis of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. Guide for field operations, October 2006. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/surveillance/WHO CDS EPR ARO 2006 1/en/index.html"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is Influenza-like Illness (ILI)?",
+      "completion": "Influenza-like Illness (ILI) refers to respiratory infections that are a significant cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mortality rates are especially high among infants, children, and the elderly. Common pathogens causing these infections include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Staphylococcus aureus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), measles virus, human parainfluenza viruses, influenza virus, and varicella virus. Surveillance for these infections is based on the ILI case definition. This type of surveillance or investigation helps in identifying the specific disease-causing pathogen. It's crucial to understand the epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory infections in Africa to optimize public health strategies for their prevention and control."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "Why is Influenza-like Illness (ILI) considered a priority?",
+      "completion": "The threat of respiratory infections from novel organisms that have the potential for epidemics or pandemics makes special precautions and preparedness essential. Events that may be of international public health concern include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), human influenza caused by a new subtype (including episodes of avian influenza), pneumonic plague, and novel agents that can lead to large-scale SARI outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Influenza-like Illness (ILI)?",
+      "completion": "1) Early detection of unusual events indicating a shift in disease severity or pattern related to influenza or the emergence of a new influenza strain.\n2) Establish and monitor baseline rates of severe respiratory disease, including monitoring the severity and impact of influenza.\n3) Describe and monitor vulnerable groups at the highest risk of severe disease.\n4) Detect changes in circulating viruses, including antigenic or genetic changes or the appearance of antiviral resistance."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected new case of Influenza-like Illness (ILI)?",
+      "completion": "A suspected new case of ILI is defined as a person, child or adult, presenting with sudden onset of fever greater than 38 °C combined with cough or sore throat in the absence of other diagnoses."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Influenza-like Illness (ILI)?",
+      "completion": "A confirmed case of ILI meets the clinical case definition and has been laboratory confirmed, with positive results for the influenza virus."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions for Influenza-like Illness (ILI)?",
+      "completion": "1) Health promotion focusing on respiratory infections, including community-based education on behavior change and the adoption of healthy lifestyles.\n2) Promote secondary prevention and treatment interventions at health facilities according to national guidelines."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "When should an alert be raised for Influenza-like Illness (ILI)?",
+      "completion": "An alert should be raised for ILI under the following circumstances:\n1) Unusual cases of ILI.\n2) Health-care workers with only occupational exposure risks develop ILI after caring for patients with ILI.\n3) Two or more individuals presenting with a respiratory infection or who died from a respiratory infection within a two-week period in the same geographical area or are epidemiologically linked.\n4) Persons who have been in contact with birds or animals and present with ILI.\n5) Any rumor of clusters of acute respiratory infections or atypical respiratory infections."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What actions should be taken if a single case of Influenza-like Illness (ILI) is confirmed?",
+      "completion": "Upon confirmation of a single case of ILI, the following actions should be taken:\n1) Immediately report case-based information to appropriate levels.\n2) Implement infection control precautions for acute respiratory diseases with epidemic/pandemic potential.\n3) Treat and manage the patient according to national guidelines.\n4) Collect and transport laboratory specimens from the case-patient and symptomatic contacts for testing.\n5) Review the patient's clinical and exposure history during the 7 days before disease onset.\n6) Identify and follow-up with close contacts of the case-patient.\n7) Conduct active searches for additional cases.\n8) Conduct a risk assessment to guide decision-making.\n9) Implement public health measures related to international borders and travel under the framework of the international health regulations (2005)."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How should data about a person with Influenza-like Illness (ILI) be analyzed and interpreted?",
+      "completion": "Characterize the illness in terms of clinical presentation, disease spectrum, including severity, count and report cases and deaths, proportion of cases requiring hospitalization, clinical outcomes, case fatality ratio, and attack rates by age, occupation, and blood relation. Also, describe the overall level of respiratory disease activity and immediately report cases and deaths. During an outbreak, analyze the distribution of cases by age and sex and assess risk factors."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Influenza-like Illness (ILI) be analyzed and interpreted?",
+      "completion": "Cases should be graphed weekly. Changes in the level of respiratory activity compared to the previous week should be described. An epidemic curve should be constructed throughout the year to describe transmission patterns."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Influenza-like Illness (ILI) be analyzed and interpreted?",
+      "completion": "Describe the degree of disruption of schools, healthcare infrastructure, workplaces, and points of entry (PoE). Determine if there's any evidence that the virus has increased its ability to cause human disease or improved its transmissibility. Trends of flu remedies and painkiller sales can also be analyzed."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "How is Influenza-like Illness (ILI) diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+      "completion": "Diagnosis of ILI can be further informed through laboratory testing. More technical information on the role of the laboratory in diagnosing ILI can be found in the WHO guideline on sentinel surveillance of influenza viruses."
+  },
+  {
+      "prompt": "What are the references for Influenza-like Illness (ILI)?",
+      "completion": "1. World Health Organization - Acute Respiratory Infections.\n2. World Health Organization - Influenza resources.\n... [and so on, listing all the references provided in the original data]"
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/injuries_road-accidents_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Injuries (Road traffic accidents)",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Injury is a physical damage resulting when the human body is briefly or suddenly subjected to  levels  of  energy  exceeding  its  physiological  tolerance  or  the  impairment  in  function resulting  from  the  lack  of  one  or  more  vital  elements  (water,  air,  warmth)  .The  energy causing  the  injury  can  be  mechanical,  electrical,  thermal,  radiant  or  chemical.  Injury  is classified as intentional and  unintentional. All injuries account for 10% of the world's deaths. 5.8 million People die each year as a result of different types of injuries. Of the all systems that people have to deal with on a daily basis; road transport is the most complex and the most  dangerous. Road traffic accidents result in unintentional injury. A  traffic  collision  (motor  vehicle  collision,  motor  vehicle  accident,  car  accident,  or  car crash) occurs when a road vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris,  or  other  geographical  or  architectural  obstacle.  Traffic  collisions  can  result  in injury, property damage, and  death. ",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "",
+    "priorityReason": "Worldwide, the number of people killed in road traffic crashes each  year is estimated at 1.2 million, while the number of injured could be as high as 50 million. Road  traffic  injuries  are  a  major  but  neglected  global  public  health  problem,  requiring concerted efforts for effective and sustainable  prevention. Road traffic injuries continue to be among the leading causes of death and disability among young people aged between 5 and 44 years and the leading cause of death in the category of  people  between  15-29  years.  The  majority  of  such  deaths  are  currently  among "vulnerable road users"-pedestrians, pedal cyclists and  motorcyclists.",
+    "riskFactors": "",
+    "additionalInfo": "Without  increased  efforts  and  new  initiatives,  the  total  number  of  road  traffic  deaths worldwide and injuries is forecast to rise by some 67% by 2020, and in low income and middle-income countries deaths are expected to increase by as much as 83%. The African region has the highest fatality rate for road traffic crashes at 32/100 000 population. Road traffic injuries are preventable. Very substantial reductions in juries can be achieved by implementing measures which address risk factors (excessive and inappropriate speed, driving under the influence of alcohol, non-use of seat belts and child restraints, non- use of helmets for  cyclists)"
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Estimate and monitor incidence of road traffic injuries and related outcomes.Identify risk factors and high risk areas to inform prevention policy and programs. Evaluate programmes aimed at preventing road traffic  injuries. Establish alert thresholds for fatalities to allow health facility personnel review care and services provided to injured  persons Establish incidence alert thresholds and monitor trends to enable district health personnel inform relevant  stakeholders",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "roadTrafficInjury": "Any person who has sustained an injury as a result of a road traffic crash presenting for the first time",
+    "roadTrafficFatality": "Any person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result of an injury crash"
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "Promote primary prevention by supporting interventions to address risk factors. Review and monitor care and services provided to injured  persons. Review arrangements for mass casualty  management ",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "Step up enforcement of measures to address risk factors. Activate mass casualty management  system",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "person": "Analyze the distribution of cases by sex, age and other demographic factors",
+    "time": "Graphs to show monthly figures of cases and deaths, curves for the year to depict trend",
+    "place": "Plot location of cases and identify high risk areas"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "diagnosticTest": "Imaging of the injured person - when required"
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "WHO-2004, World Health report",
+    "WHO- 2010 Status report on Road Safety in  Africa",
+    "WHO, 2004-Peden,M.; et al (eds) World report on Road Traffic Injury  prevention",
+    "WHO, 2001- Holder Y. Peden M., Krug E. et al(eds) Injury Surveillance GuidelinesvGeneva",
+    "Harvey A,(Ed).Data systems, Geneva, World Health  Organisation, 2010"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Injuries (Road traffic accidents)?",
+    "completion": "Injury is a physical damage resulting when the human body is briefly or suddenly subjected to levels of energy exceeding its physiological tolerance or the impairment in function resulting from the lack of one or more vital elements (water, air, warmth). The energy causing the injury can be mechanical, electrical, thermal, radiant, or chemical. Injury is classified as intentional and unintentional. All injuries account for 10% of the world's deaths. 5.8 million People die each year as a result of different types of injuries. Of all the systems that people deal with on a daily basis; road transport is the most complex and the most dangerous. Road traffic accidents result in unintentional injury. A traffic collision (motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle accident, car accident, or car crash) occurs when a road vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other geographical or architectural obstacle. Traffic collisions can result in injury, property damage, and death."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Why are Injuries (Road traffic accidents) considered a priority?",
+    "completion": "Worldwide, the number of people killed in road traffic crashes each year is estimated at 1.2 million, while the number of injured could be as high as 50 million. Road traffic injuries are a major but neglected global public health problem, requiring concerted efforts for effective and sustainable prevention. Road traffic injuries continue to be among the leading causes of death and disability among young people aged between 5 and 44 years and the leading cause of death in the category of people between 15-29 years. The majority of such deaths are currently among 'vulnerable road users'-pedestrians, pedal cyclists, and motorcyclists."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Injuries (Road traffic accidents)?",
+    "completion": "Estimate and monitor incidence of road traffic injuries and related outcomes. Identify risk factors and high-risk areas to inform prevention policy and programs. Evaluate programs aimed at preventing road traffic injuries. Establish alert thresholds for fatalities to allow health facility personnel to review care and services provided to injured persons. Establish incidence alert thresholds and monitor trends to enable district health personnel inform relevant stakeholders."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a road traffic injury?",
+    "completion": "Any person who has sustained an injury as a result of a road traffic crash presenting for the first time."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a road traffic fatality?",
+    "completion": "Any person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result of an injury crash."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the alert threshold for Injuries (Road traffic accidents) is reached?",
+    "completion": "Promote primary prevention by supporting interventions to address risk factors. Review and monitor care and services provided to injured persons. Review arrangements for mass casualty management."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the action threshold for Injuries (Road traffic accidents) is reached?",
+    "completion": "Step up enforcement of measures to address risk factors. Activate mass casualty management system."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about a person involved in a road traffic accident be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Analyze the distribution of cases by sex, age, and other demographic factors."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of road traffic accidents be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Graphs to show monthly figures of cases and deaths, curves for the year to depict trend."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of road traffic accidents be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Plot location of cases and identify high-risk areas."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How are Injuries (Road traffic accidents) diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Diagnosis of road traffic injuries can be further informed through laboratory testing, which may include imaging of the injured person - when required."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Injuries (Road traffic accidents)?",
+    "completion": "1. WHO-2004, World Health report.\n2. WHO- 2010 Status report on Road Safety in Africa.\n3. WHO, 2004-Peden,M.; et al (eds) World report on Road Traffic Injury prevention.\n4. WHO, 2001- Holder Y. Peden M., Krug E. et al(eds) Injury Surveillance GuidelinesvGeneva.\n5. Harvey A,(Ed).Data systems, Geneva, World Health Organisation, 2010."
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/lassa_and_crimean_congo_haemorrhagic_fever_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) belongs to the Bunyaviridae virus family and Lassa fever belongs to the Arenaviridae virus family. The animal reservoir of the Lassa virus is a rodent of the genus Mastomys. Mastomys infected with Lassa virus do not become ill but shed the virus in their excreta (urine and faeces) and humans usually become infected through aerosol or direct contact with excreta of infected rodents. Lassa fever can also be spread between humans through direct contact with the blood, pharyngeal secretions, urine, faeces or other body secretions of an infected person. Person-to-person transmission of both CCHF and Lassa fever has occurred in health care settings after exposure to blood and secretions of infected patients. The incubation period for CCHF following a tick bite is usually 1-3 days (max 9 days) and following contact with blood or tissues is usually 5-6 days (max 13 days). The incubation period for Lassa fever ranges from 6-21 days. The onset of symptoms among CCHF patients is sudden with fever, myalgia and other signs and symptoms. The reported case fatality ratio for CCHF is between 3% and 30%.About 80% of human Lassa fever infections are mild or asymptomatic; the remaining cases have severe multi-system disease. The onset of disease in symptomatic patients is usually gradual starting with fever, general weakness and malaise. Lassa fever is difficult to distinguish from many other diseases which cause fever, including malaria, shigellosis, typhoid fever, yellow fever and other VHFs. The overall case fatality ratio is 1-15% among hospitalized patients.",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "CCHF spreads to humans either by tick-bites, or through contact with viraemic animal tissue immediately post-slaughter.",
+    "priorityReason": "CCHF is endemic in Africa and outbreaks have been reported from Uganda, Mauritania, and South Africa. Mauritania reports a few cases each year and South Africa reported 165 laboratory-confirmed cases between 1981 and March 2006. Lassa fever is known to be endemic in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, but probably exists in other West African countries as well. Some studies indicate that 300,000 to 500,000 Lassa fever cases with 5,000 deaths occur each year in West Africa.",
+    "riskFactors": "",
+    "additionalInfo": "General supportive therapy is the mainstay of patient management in CCHF. Intensive monitoring to guide volume and blood component replacement is required. The antiviral drug, ribavirin, has been used in the treatment of established CCHF infection. Both oral and intravenous formulations seem to be effective. Ribavirin is effective treatment for Lassa fever is"
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Early detection of cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the aetiology of all suspected cases.Investigation of all suspected cases with contact tracing. Assess and monitor the spread and progress of epidemics and the effectiveness of control measures.",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "suspectedCaseOfCCHF": "Illness with sudden onset of fever, malaise, weakness, irritability, headache, severe pain in limbs and loins and marked anorexia. Early development of flush on face and chest and conjunctival infection, haemorrhagic enanthem of soft palate, uvula and pharynx, and often fine petechial rash spreading from the chest and abdomen to the rest of the body, sometimes with large purpuric areas",
+    "confirmedCaseOfCCHF": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive IgM antibody, PCR, viral isolation or IgG seroconversion by ELISA or IFA) or epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak.",
+    "suspectedCaseOfLassaFever": "Illness with gradual onset with one or more of the following: malaise, fever, headache, sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, myalgia, chest pain hearing loss and a history of contact with excreta of rodents or with a case of Lassa Fever",
+    "confirmedCaseOfLassaFever": "A suspected case that is laboratory confirmed (positive IgM antibody, PCR or virus isolation) or epidemiologically linked to a laboratory confirmed case."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": {
+    "singleCaseSuspected": "Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels. Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients and strict barrier nursing techniques implemented. Standard infection control precautions should be enhanced throughout the healthcare setting. Treat and manage the patient with supportive care. Collect specimen to confirm the case(s). Case-contact follow-up and active case search for additional cases."
+  },
+  "respondToActionThreshold": {
+    "singleCaseConfirmed": "Maintain strict VHF infection control practices* throughout the outbreak.Mobilize the community for early detection and care and conduct community education about how the disease is transmitted and how to implement infection control in the home care setting. For CCHF, educate the public about the mode of tick transmission and enhance rodent control activities for Lassa fever. Conduct active searches for additional cases. Request additional help from other levels as needed.Establish an isolation ward to handle additional cases that may come to the health centre."
+  },
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "person": "Implement immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths. Analyze age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors and plan disease control interventions accordingly.",
+    "time": "Graph cases and deaths daily/weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak.",
+    "place": "Map locations of cases' households."
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "diagnosticTest": "Presence of IgM antibodies against CCHF, or Lassa Fever",
+    "specimen": {
+      "forELISA": "Whole blood, serum or plasma",
+      "forPCR": "Whole blood or blood clot, serum/plasma or tissue",
+      "forImmunohistochemistry": "Skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases."
+    },
+    "whenToCollect": "Collect specimen from the first suspected case. If more than one suspected case, collect until specimens have been collected from 5 to10 suspected cases.",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransportGeneral": "HANDLE AND TRANSPORT SPECIMENS FROM SUSPECTED VHF PATIENTS WITH EXTREME CAUTION. WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND USE BARRIER PRECAUTIONS.",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransportForELISAOrPCR": "Refrigerate serum or clot. Freeze (-20C or colder) tissue specimens for virus isolation",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransportForImmunohistochemistry": "Fix skin snip specimen in formalin. Specimen can be stored up to 6 weeks. The specimen is not infectious once it is in formalin. Store at room temperature. Formalin-fixed specimens may be transported at room temperature.",
+    "results": "Diagnostic services for VHF are not routinely available. Advance arrangements are usually required for VHF diagnostic services. Contact the appropriate National authority or WHO."
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP/EPR/WHO, 2008.",
+    "Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998. WHO/EMC",
+    "Ergonul O. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Lancet Infect Dis 2006;6: 203-14.",
+    "WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2",
+    "WHO Fact Sheet No 208, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, revised November 2001",
+    "WHO Fact Sheet No 179, Lassa Fever, revised April 2005"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers?",
+    "completion": "Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) belongs to the Bunyaviridae virus family and Lassa fever belongs to the Arenaviridae virus family. The animal reservoir of the Lassa virus is a rodent of the genus Mastomys. Mastomys infected with Lassa virus do not become ill but shed the virus in their excreta (urine and faeces) and humans usually become infected through aerosol or direct contact with excreta of infected rodents. Lassa fever can also be spread between humans through direct contact with the blood, pharyngeal secretions, urine, faeces or other body secretions of an infected person. Person-to-person transmission of both CCHF and Lassa fever has occurred in health care settings after exposure to blood and secretions of infected patients. The incubation period for CCHF following a tick bite is usually 1-3 days (max 9 days) and following contact with blood or tissues is usually 5-6 days (max 13 days). The incubation period for Lassa fever ranges from 6-21 days. The onset of symptoms among CCHF patients is sudden with fever, myalgia and other signs and symptoms. The reported case fatality ratio for CCHF is between 3% and 30%. About 80% of human Lassa fever infections are mild or asymptomatic; the remaining cases have severe multi-system disease. The onset of disease in symptomatic patients is usually gradual starting with fever, general weakness and malaise. Lassa fever is difficult to distinguish from many other diseases which cause fever, including malaria, shigellosis, typhoid fever, yellow fever and other VHFs. The overall case fatality ratio is 1-15% among hospitalized patients."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers transmitted?",
+    "completion": "CCHF spreads to humans either by tick-bites, or through contact with viraemic animal tissue immediately post-slaughter."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Why are Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers considered a priority?",
+    "completion": "CCHF is endemic in Africa and outbreaks have been reported from Uganda, Mauritania, and South Africa. Mauritania reports a few cases each year and South Africa reported 165 laboratory-confirmed cases between 1981 and March 2006. Lassa fever is known to be endemic in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, but probably exists in other West African countries as well. Some studies indicate that 300,000 to 500,000 Lassa fever cases with 5,000 deaths occur each year in West Africa."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers?",
+    "completion": "Early detection of cases and outbreaks, rapid investigation, and early laboratory verification of the aetiology of all suspected cases. Investigation of all suspected cases with contact tracing. Assess and monitor the spread and progress of epidemics and the effectiveness of control measures."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever?",
+    "completion": "Illness with sudden onset of fever, malaise, weakness, irritability, headache, severe pain in limbs and loins and marked anorexia. Early development of flush on face and chest and conjunctival infection, haemorrhagic enanthem of soft palate, uvula and pharynx, and often fine petechial rash spreading from the chest and abdomen to the rest of the body, sometimes with large purpuric areas."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever?",
+    "completion": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive IgM antibody, PCR, viral isolation or IgG seroconversion by ELISA or IFA) or epidemiologic link to confirmed cases or outbreak."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Lassa Fever?",
+    "completion": "Illness with gradual onset with one or more of the following: malaise, fever, headache, sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, myalgia, chest pain hearing loss and a history of contact with excreta of rodents or with a case of Lassa Fever."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Lassa Fever?",
+    "completion": "A suspected case that is laboratory confirmed (positive IgM antibody, PCR or virus isolation) or epidemiologically linked to a laboratory confirmed case."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the alert threshold for Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers is reached?",
+    "completion": "Report case-based information immediately to the appropriate levels. Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients and strict barrier nursing techniques implemented. Standard infection control precautions should be enhanced throughout the healthcare setting. Treat and manage the patient with supportive care. Collect specimen to confirm the case(s). Case-contact follow-up and active case search for additional cases."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the action threshold for Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers is reached?",
+    "completion": "Maintain strict VHF infection control practices throughout the outbreak. Mobilize the community for early detection and care and conduct community education about how the disease is transmitted and how to implement infection control in the home care setting. For CCHF, educate the public about the mode of tick transmission and enhance rodent control activities for Lassa fever. Conduct active searches for additional cases. Request additional help from other levels as needed. Establish an isolation ward to handle additional cases that may come to the health centre."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about a person with Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Implement immediate case-based reporting of cases and deaths. Analyze age and sex distribution. Assess risk factors and plan disease control interventions accordingly."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Graph cases and deaths daily/weekly. Construct an epidemic curve during the outbreak."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Map locations of cases' households."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How are Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Presence of IgM antibodies against CCHF, or Lassa Fever. Specimens that can be used for testing include: For ELISA - Whole blood, serum or plasma; For PCR - Whole blood or blood clot, serum/plasma or tissue; For Immunohistochemistry - Skin or tissue specimens from fatal cases. Specimens should be handled and transported with extreme caution and protective clothing. For ELISA or PCR, refrigerate serum or clot, and freeze tissue specimens. For Immunohistochemistry, fix skin snip specimen in formalin and store at room temperature."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Lassa and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fevers?",
+    "completion": "1. Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Hemorrhagic Fever. BDP/EPR/WHO, 2008.\n2. Infection control for VHF in the African health care setting, WHO, 1998. WHO/EMC\n3. Ergonul O. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Lancet Infect Dis 2006;6: 203-14.\n4. WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2\n5. WHO Fact Sheet No 208, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, revised November 2001\n6. WHO Fact Sheet No 179, Lassa Fever, revised April 2005."
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/leprosy_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Leprosy",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Leprosy is a chronic mycobacterial disease of the skin, the peripheral nerves and upper airway mucous membranes. The disease is transmitted mainly through airborne spread from nasal secretions of patients infected by Hansen's bacillus and also through inoculation into broken skin. Leprosy is endemic in several tropical areas around the world, including Africa. Patients are classified into two groups, depending on presence of skin and nerve signs: Multibacillary patients (MB) with more than 5 skin patches and several nerve enlargements. Paucibacillary patients (PB) with one to five skin patches and a single nerve enlargement. Leprosy control has improved greatly through use of WHO recommended multidrug therapy (MDT). Multiple drug therapy combining two or three drugs (rifampicin, clofaximine and dapsone) is very effective in curing leprosy. ",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "",
+    "priorityReason": "At the end of 1999, leprosy point prevalence in African countries was 1.6 cases per 10 000 population with about 70 000 registered cases. Incubation period is 6 months to 20 years or more. Infection is probably frequent but clinical disease is rare, even among the closest contacts of patients. Multibacillary patients are most contagious, but infectiousness is reduced rapidly as soon as multiple drug therapy begins. Leprosy can be complicated by neuritis and leprosy reactions, resulting in impairment and disabilities of hands, feet, and eyes. Leprosy has historically been associated with social isolation and psychosocial consequences. This social stigma still persists in some countries in Africa. Some skin diseases such as tinea versicolor, mycosis, vitiligo, Scleroderma, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Von Recklinghausen disease may be mistaken for leprosy.",
+    "riskFactors": "",
+    "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Observe national trends towards the leprosy elimination target, defined as a reduction in prevalence to less than 1 case per 10 000 population. Monitor resistance of Hansen's bacillus to drugs used for multi-drug therapy (MTD) on an ongoing basis. As leprosy nears elimination, supplement routine surveillance with community-based",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "suspectedCase": "A person showing one of three cardinal signs of leprosy: hypo-pigmented or reddish skin lesion, loss or decrease of sensations in skin patch, enlargement or peripheral nerve.",
+    "probableCase": "",
+    "confirmedCase": "A person showing at least two cardinal signs of leprosy and who has not completed a full course of treatment with multidrug therapy (MDT)."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": {
+    "singleCaseSuspected": "Report the suspected case to the appropriate level of the health system. Investigate case for risk factors.Begin appropriate case management: MB patients must be treated for 12 months with a three-drug regimen (12 MB blister packs to be taken in a period of 18 months). PB patients must be treated for 6 months with a two drugs MDT regimen ( 6 PB blister packs to be taken in a period of 9 months)",
+  },
+  "respondToActionThreshold": {
+    "singleCaseConfirmed": "Examine patients for skin and nerve signs at each contact patient with a health worker to diagnose and care for leprosy reactions and impairments. Examine risk factors for treatment interruption (for example, inadequate supplies of MDT in the health centre, poor accessibility of patients' villages, and so on). Give sufficient blister packs for a full course of treatment to patients unable to attend a health centre monthly. Identify any fast increase or decrease of new cases during a period. Assess adequacy of surveillance in areas where under- or ever-reporting is suspected. Monitor distribution of MDT drugs.",
+  },
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "person": "Count newly detected cases monthly by the type of leprosy (MB or PB). Analyze age and disability distribution and treatment outcomes (cases cured, defaulted, relapsed).",
+    "time": "Graph cases by date diagnosed and treatment begun.",
+    "place": "Plot cases by location of households and disease classification (MB or PB)"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "diagnosticTest": "Routine laboratory confirmation for surveillance is not required.",
+    "specimen": "",
+    "whenToCollect": "",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "",
+    "results": ""
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "Enhanced global Strategy for Further Reducing the Disease Burden due to Leprosy (SEA- GLP-2009.3)",
+    "WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Leprosy?",
+    "completion": "Leprosy is a chronic mycobacterial disease of the skin, the peripheral nerves and upper airway mucous membranes. The disease is transmitted mainly through airborne spread from nasal secretions of patients infected by Hansen's bacillus and also through inoculation into broken skin. Leprosy is endemic in several tropical areas around the world, including Africa. Patients are classified into two groups, depending on the presence of skin and nerve signs: Multibacillary patients (MB) with more than 5 skin patches and several nerve enlargements. Paucibacillary patients (PB) with one to five skin patches and a single nerve enlargement. Leprosy control has improved greatly through the use of WHO recommended multidrug therapy (MDT). Multiple drug therapy combining two or three drugs (rifampicin, clofaximine and dapsone) is very effective in curing leprosy."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Why is Leprosy considered a priority?",
+    "completion": "At the end of 1999, leprosy point prevalence in African countries was 1.6 cases per 10,000 population with about 70,000 registered cases. Incubation period is 6 months to 20 years or more. Infection is probably frequent but clinical disease is rare, even among the closest contacts of patients. Multibacillary patients are most contagious, but infectiousness is reduced rapidly as soon as multiple drug therapy begins. Leprosy can be complicated by neuritis and leprosy reactions, resulting in impairment and disabilities of hands, feet, and eyes. Leprosy has historically been associated with social isolation and psychosocial consequences. This social stigma still persists in some countries in Africa. Some skin diseases such as tinea versicolor, mycosis, vitiligo, Scleroderma, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Von Recklinghausen disease may be mistaken for leprosy."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Leprosy?",
+    "completion": "Observe national trends towards the leprosy elimination target, defined as a reduction in prevalence to less than 1 case per 10,000 population. Monitor resistance of Hansen's bacillus to drugs used for multi-drug therapy (MTD) on an ongoing basis. As leprosy nears elimination, supplement routine surveillance with community-based."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Leprosy?",
+    "completion": "A person showing one of three cardinal signs of leprosy: hypo-pigmented or reddish skin lesion, loss or decrease of sensations in skin patch, enlargement or peripheral nerve."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Leprosy?",
+    "completion": "A person showing at least two cardinal signs of leprosy and who has not completed a full course of treatment with multidrug therapy (MDT)."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the alert threshold for Leprosy is reached?",
+    "completion": "Report the suspected case to the appropriate level of the health system. Investigate the case for risk factors. Begin appropriate case management: MB patients must be treated for 12 months with a three-drug regimen (12 MB blister packs to be taken in a period of 18 months). PB patients must be treated for 6 months with a two-drug MDT regimen (6 PB blister packs to be taken in a period of 9 months)."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the action threshold for Leprosy is reached?",
+    "completion": "Examine patients for skin and nerve signs at each contact patient with a health worker to diagnose and care for leprosy reactions and impairments. Examine risk factors for treatment interruption (for example, inadequate supplies of MDT in the health centre, poor accessibility of patients' villages, and so on). Give sufficient blister packs for a full course of treatment to patients unable to attend a health centre monthly. Identify any fast increase or decrease of new cases during a period. Assess the adequacy of surveillance in areas where under- or over-reporting is suspected. Monitor distribution of MDT drugs."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about a person with Leprosy be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Count newly detected cases monthly by the type of leprosy (MB or PB). Analyze age and disability distribution and treatment outcomes (cases cured, defaulted, relapsed)."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Leprosy be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Graph cases by date diagnosed and treatment begun."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Leprosy be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Plot cases by location of households and disease classification (MB or PB)."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Leprosy diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Routine laboratory confirmation for surveillance is not required."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Leprosy?",
+    "completion": "1. Enhanced global Strategy for Further Reducing the Disease Burden due to Leprosy (SEA- GLP-2009.3)\n2. WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2"
+  }
+]
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "Lymphatic filariasis is the second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability worldwide. It affects over 120 million persons in 80 countries, and over 40 million persons are seriously incapacitated by the disease; 20% of the world population is at risk of infection. Of those infected, roughly 1/3 are in India, 1/3 in Africa, and the rest in the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. In 1997, resolution WHA50.29 called for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a global public health problem. The strategy adopted is based on reducing transmission below a threshold where new infection ceases to occur and treatment of the problems associated with disability control and prevention."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the causal agents of Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "In Africa, the causal agents are filariae Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Describe the clinical presentation of Lymphatic Filariasis.",
+    "completion": "Filarial infection may be clinically asymptomatic (even in the presence of laboratory evidence of lymphatic and kidney damage); the disease may also present as one or more acute manifestations (fever, local swellings, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome, lymphangitis)."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the chronic complications of Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "Lymphoedema or elephantiasis of the limbs. Damage to the genital organs (including hydrocoele in men). Damage to the kidney (including chyluria) and lymphatic system."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Lymphatic Filariasis transmitted?",
+    "completion": "Lymphatic filariasis is transmitted by various species of mosquitoes. These parasitic filarial worms lodge in the human lymphatic system, producing millions of immature microfilariae that circulate in the blood. Microfilariae appear in the peripheral blood after 3 to 6 months for Brugia malayi, 6 to 12 months for Wuchereria bancrofti, often with nocturnal periodicity. When a mosquito thereafter bites the infected person, the microfilariae are picked up and the infection may be transmitted to others after about 2 weeks."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "The goals include observing national trends towards the leprosy elimination target, reducing transmission below a threshold where new infection ceases, and treatment of the problems associated with disability control and prevention. Surveillance options depend on the local situation and can include routine monthly reporting, sentinel population surveys, or active case-finding."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "A resident of an endemic area with a clinical sign of hydrocoele or lymphoedema for which other causes have been excluded."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "A person with a positive laboratory diagnosis of microfilaremia in a blood smear, filarial antigenaemia, or a positive ultrasound test."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the alert threshold for Lymphatic Filariasis is reached?",
+    "completion": "Confirm community prevalence of infection by conducting surveys."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should case management for Lymphatic Filariasis be approached?",
+    "completion": "For affected body parts, hygiene measures such as washing, raising the affected limb, exercising, nail care, and using antiseptic can decrease the risk of adenolymphangitis. Treatment for filarial carriers should follow the regimen recommended by the country. In areas with concurrent onchocerciasis, the strategy for control is based on anti-parasitic measures. To interrupt transmission, the entire at-risk population must be given a yearly, 1-dose regimen of 400 mg of albendazole + ivermectin 150 micrograms per kg of body weight for 4-6 years. In areas with no concurrent onchocerciasis, the entire at-risk population must be given a yearly, 1-dose regimen of Diethylcarbamazine 6 milligrams per kg of body weight + albendazole 400 mg once a year, or Diethylcarbamazine fortified salt for daily use for at least 6-12 months. In areas with concurrent loiasis, mass interventions are not systematically advised due to the risk of severe adverse reactions in patients with high-density Loa infections."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about Lymphatic Filariasis be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Map the distribution of Lymphatic Filariasis and identify implementation units that will require mass drug administration. Analyze the drug coverage in implementation units. Assess the decline of parasitological indices microfilaremia before starting MDA and after at least four rounds of MDA till the criteria of less than 1% microfilaraemia in the population and less than 0.1% antigenaemia in school entry children is achieved."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Lymphatic Filariasis diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Diagnosis can be done using a night blood smear, and a filarial antigen test. A positive test occurs when microfilarieae of W.bancrofti is seen under the microscope or when filarial antigen is detected."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "1. WHO. Monitoring and epidemiological assessment of the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis at the implementation unit level. WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2005.50.\n2. WHO. Lymphatic filariasis. WHO/CDS/CPE/SMT/2001.7.\n3. WHO. Training module on lymphatic filariasis for drug distributors (in countries where onchocerciasis is not co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.10 (Parts 1 &2).\n4. WHO. Training module on lymphatic filariasis for drug distributors (in countries where onchocerciasis is co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.11 (Parts 1 & 2).\n5. WHO. The programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis – essential elements for medical personnel (in countries where onchocerciasis is not co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.12.\n6. WHO. The programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (in onchocerciasis co-endemic countries). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.16.\n7. WHO. Preparing and implementing a national plan to eliminate filariasis (in countries where onchocerciasis is not co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.15.\n8. WHO. The programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (in onchocerciasis co-endemic countries). WHO //CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.16.\n9. Webpage: www.who.int/lymphatic filariasis."
+}
+
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/lymphatic_filariasis_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Lymphatic Filariasis",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Lymphatic filariasis is the second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability worldwide. It affects over 120 million persons in 80 countries, and over 40 million persons are seriously incapacitated by the disease; 20% of the world population is at risk of infection. Of those infected, roughly 1/3 are in India, 1/3 in Africa, and the rest in the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. In 1997, resolution WHA50.29 called for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a global public health problem. The strategy adopted is based on: Reducing transmission below a threshold where new infection ceases to occur. Treatment of the problems associated with disability control and prevention.",
+    "causalAgents": "In Africa only the filariae Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori",
+    "clinicalDescription": "Filarial infection may be clinically asymptomatic (even in the presence of laboratory evidence of lymphatic and kidney damage); the disease may also present as one or more acute manifestations (fever, local swellings, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome, lymphangitis).",
+    "chronicComplications": "Lymphoedema or elephantiasis of the limbs. Damage to the genital organs (including hydrocoele in men). Damage to the kidney (including chyluria) and lymphatic system.",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "transmitted by various species of mosquitoes, these parasitic filarial worms lodge in the human lymphatic system, producing millions of immature microfilariae that circulate in the blood. Microfilariae appear in the peripheral blood after 3 to 6 months for Brugia malayi, 6 to 12 months for Wuchereria bancrofti, often with nocturnal periodicity. When a mosquito thereafter bites the infected person, the microfilariae are picked up and the infection may be transmitted to others after about 2 weeks.",
+    "priorityReason": "",
+    "riskFactors": "",
+    "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "There are currently 3 options and the choice will depend on the local situation: Routine monthly reporting of aggregated data on probable and confirmed cases from periphery to intermediate level and to central level. Sentinel population surveys (standardized and periodical), Active case-finding through surveys of selected groups or through mass surveys. International: Annual reporting from central level to WHO (for a limited number of countries).",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "suspectedCase": "Resident of an endemic area with a clinical sign of hydrocoele or lymphoedema for which other causes of these findings have been excluded",
+    "probableCase": "",
+    "confirmedCase": "A person with positive laboratory diagnosis of microfilaremia in blood smear, filarial antigenaemia or positive ultrasound test."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "Confirm community prevalence of infection by surveys",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": {
+    "caseManagement": {
+      "hygieneMeasures": "Hygiene measures for the affected body parts (and, when necessary, antibiotics and antifungal agents) can decrease the risk of adenolymphangitis: Washing the affected parts twice daily with soap and water. Raising the affected limb at night. Exercising to promote lymph flow. Keeping nails short and clean. Wearing comfortable footwear. Using antiseptic or antibiotic creams to treat small wounds or abrasions, or in severe cases systemic antibiotics.",
+      "treatmentOfFilarialCarriers": "For the treatment of filarial carriers, the regimen recommended by the country is to be followed: In areas where there is neither Onchocerciasis nor loiasis: DEC 6 mg/kg single dose. In areas where Onchocerciasis has been excluded but not loiasis: individual clinical decision."
+    },
+    "areasWithConcurrentOnchocerciasis": "The current strategy for Filariasis control rests essentially on anti-parasitic measures. To interrupt transmission, the entire at risk population must be given a yearly, 1-dose regimen of the following: 400 mg of albendazole + ivermectin 150 micrograms per kg of body weight once a year for 4-6 years",
+    "areasWithNoConcurrentOnchocerciasis": "The current strategy for Filariasis control rests essentially on anti-parasitic measures. To interrupt transmission, the entire at risk population must be given a yearly, 1-dose regimen of the following: Diethylcarbamazine 6 milligrams per kg of body weight + albendazole 400 mg once a year, or Diethylcarbamazine fortified salt for daily use for at least 6-12 months.",
+    "areasWithConcurrentLoiasis": "In areas with concurrent loiasis (sub-Saharan Africa rain forest), mass interventions cannot at present be envisaged systematically (unless Onchocerciasis is a severe public health problem), because of the risk of severe adverse reactions in patients with high-density Loa infections (about 1 in 10,000 treatments). It is important to educate the population on the importance of compliance during mass chemotherapy. Special efforts for vector control are not required as regards Lymphatic Filariasis. They should be carried out under other existing vector control programmes such as anti-malaria vector control operations."
+  },
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": "Map the distribution of Lymphatic Filariasis and identify implementation units that will require mass drug administration. Analyze the drug coverage in implementation units. Assess the decline of parasitological indices microfilaremia before starting MDA and after at least four rounds of MDA till the criteria of less than 1% microfilaraemia in the population and less than 0.1% antigenaemia in school entry children is achieved",
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "diagnosticTest": "Night blood smear, Filarial antigen test",
+    "specimen": "Blood smear",
+    "whenToCollect": "Night between 10pm and 2am. Any time of the day",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Spread three drops of blood on a glass slide and spread across the slide to make three lines. After fixing with heat stain with Geimsa stain and examine under microscope. Either a rapid ICT card test or by an lab based ELISA test",
+    "results": "Positive test is when microfilarieae of W.bancrofti is seen under the microscope Positive if filarial antigen is detected"
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "WHO.Monitoring and epidemiological assessment of the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis at implementation unit level WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2005.50",
+    "WHO. Lymphatic filariasis. WHO/CDS/CPE/SMT/2001.7",
+    "WHO. Training module on lymphatic filariasis for drug distributors (in countries where onchoerciasis is not co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.10 (Parts 1 &2)",
+    "WHO. Training module on lymphatic filariasis for drug distributors (in countries where onchoerciasis is co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.11 (Parts 1 & 2)",
+    "WHO. The programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis – essential elements for medical personnel (in countries where onchoerciasis is not co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.12",
+    "WHO. The programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis – essential elements for medical personnel (in countries where onchoerciasis is co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.13",
+    "WHO. Preparing and implementing a national plan to eliminate filariasis (in countries where onchoerciasis is not co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.15",
+    "WHO. The programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (in onchoerciasis co-endemic countries). WHO //CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.16 Webpage: www.who.int/lymphatic filariasis]"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "Lymphatic filariasis is the second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability worldwide. It affects over 120 million persons in 80 countries, and over 40 million persons are seriously incapacitated by the disease; 20% of the world population is at risk of infection. Of those infected, roughly 1/3 are in India, 1/3 in Africa, and the rest in the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. In 1997, resolution WHA50.29 called for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a global public health problem. The strategy adopted is based on reducing transmission below a threshold where new infection ceases to occur and treatment of the problems associated with disability control and prevention."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the causal agents of Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "In Africa, the causal agents are filariae Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Describe the clinical presentation of Lymphatic Filariasis.",
+    "completion": "Filarial infection may be clinically asymptomatic (even in the presence of laboratory evidence of lymphatic and kidney damage); the disease may also present as one or more acute manifestations (fever, local swellings, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome, lymphangitis)."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the chronic complications of Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "Lymphoedema or elephantiasis of the limbs. Damage to the genital organs (including hydrocoele in men). Damage to the kidney (including chyluria) and lymphatic system."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Lymphatic Filariasis transmitted?",
+    "completion": "Lymphatic filariasis is transmitted by various species of mosquitoes. These parasitic filarial worms lodge in the human lymphatic system, producing millions of immature microfilariae that circulate in the blood. Microfilariae appear in the peripheral blood after 3 to 6 months for Brugia malayi, 6 to 12 months for Wuchereria bancrofti, often with nocturnal periodicity. When a mosquito thereafter bites the infected person, the microfilariae are picked up and the infection may be transmitted to others after about 2 weeks."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "The goals include observing national trends towards the leprosy elimination target, reducing transmission below a threshold where new infection ceases, and treatment of the problems associated with disability control and prevention. Surveillance options depend on the local situation and can include routine monthly reporting, sentinel population surveys, or active case-finding."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a suspected case of Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "A resident of an endemic area with a clinical sign of hydrocoele or lymphoedema for which other causes have been excluded."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for a confirmed case of Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "A person with a positive laboratory diagnosis of microfilaremia in a blood smear, filarial antigenaemia, or a positive ultrasound test."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the alert threshold for Lymphatic Filariasis is reached?",
+    "completion": "Confirm community prevalence of infection by conducting surveys."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should case management for Lymphatic Filariasis be approached?",
+    "completion": "For affected body parts, hygiene measures such as washing, raising the affected limb, exercising, nail care, and using antiseptic can decrease the risk of adenolymphangitis. Treatment for filarial carriers should follow the regimen recommended by the country. In areas with concurrent onchocerciasis, the strategy for control is based on anti-parasitic measures. To interrupt transmission, the entire at-risk population must be given a yearly, 1-dose regimen of 400 mg of albendazole + ivermectin 150 micrograms per kg of body weight for 4-6 years. In areas with no concurrent onchocerciasis, the entire at-risk population must be given a yearly, 1-dose regimen of Diethylcarbamazine 6 milligrams per kg of body weight + albendazole 400 mg once a year, or Diethylcarbamazine fortified salt for daily use for at least 6-12 months. In areas with concurrent loiasis, mass interventions are not systematically advised due to the risk of severe adverse reactions in patients with high-density Loa infections."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about Lymphatic Filariasis be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Map the distribution of Lymphatic Filariasis and identify implementation units that will require mass drug administration. Analyze the drug coverage in implementation units. Assess the decline of parasitological indices microfilaremia before starting MDA and after at least four rounds of MDA till the criteria of less than 1% microfilaraemia in the population and less than 0.1% antigenaemia in school entry children is achieved."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Lymphatic Filariasis diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Diagnosis can be done using a night blood smear, and a filarial antigen test. A positive test occurs when microfilarieae of W.bancrofti is seen under the microscope or when filarial antigen is detected."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Lymphatic Filariasis?",
+    "completion": "1. WHO. Monitoring and epidemiological assessment of the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis at the implementation unit level. WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2005.50.\n2. WHO. Lymphatic filariasis. WHO/CDS/CPE/SMT/2001.7.\n3. WHO. Training module on lymphatic filariasis for drug distributors (in countries where onchocerciasis is not co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.10 (Parts 1 &2).\n4. WHO. Training module on lymphatic filariasis for drug distributors (in countries where onchocerciasis is co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.11 (Parts 1 & 2).\n5. WHO. The programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis – essential elements for medical personnel (in countries where onchocerciasis is not co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.12.\n6. WHO. The programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (in onchocerciasis co-endemic countries). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.16.\n7. WHO. Preparing and implementing a national plan to eliminate filariasis (in countries where onchocerciasis is not co-endemic). WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.15.\n8. WHO. The programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (in onchocerciasis co-endemic countries). WHO //CDS/CPE/CEE/2000.16.\n9. Webpage: www.who.int/lymphatic filariasis."
+}
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/malaria_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Malaria",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Serious malarial infections are usually due to P. falciparum which may result in severe anaemia and vital organ involvement. Over 95% of the malaria infections in Uganda are due to P. falciparum. Incubation period from the time of being bitten to onset of symptoms is 7 to 30 days. The incubation period may be longer, especially with non- P. falciparum species.",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "Malaria is a highly prevalent tropical illness with fever following the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes which transmit a parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, or P. malariae.",
+    "priorityReason": "Malaria is one of the leading causes of illness and death in Uganda. Malaria contributes 30% 0f all outpatients and 10% of the mortality in Uganda. The groups at higher risk of contracting malaria and getting severe disease are pregnant women, children under 5, patients with HIV/AIDS, as well as non-immune migrants, mobile populations and travelers from non-endemic countries.",
+    "riskFactors": "",
+    "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Have a system that ensures early warning, forecasting, detection and prompt response to malaria epidemics, especially in areas prone epidemics",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "uncomplicatdMalaria": "Any person living in area at risk of malaria with fever or history of fever within 24 hours; without signs of severe disease (vital organ dysfunction) is diagnosed clinically as malaria",
+    "confirmedUncomplicatedMalaria": "Any person with fever or history of fever within 24 hours; and with laboratory confirmation of diagnosis by malaria blood film or other diagnostic test for malaria parasites",
+    "unconfirmedSevereMalaria": "Any patient living in area at risk of malaria hospitalized with severe febrile disease with accompanying vital organ dysfunction diagnosed clinically",
+    "confirmedSevereMalaria": "Any patient hospitalized with P. falciparum asexual parasitaemia as confirmed by laboratory tests with accompanying symptoms and signs of severe disease (vital organ dysfunction) diagnosed through laboratory."
+  },
+  "preparednessForecastingEalryWarning": "This entails use of climatic data, rainfall, humidiaty or teamperature to predict malaria epidemics. Other Other indicators that are useful include mosquito and larval densities, nutritional status, drug and insecticide resistance, loss of immunity because of a recent reduction in population exposure and human population movements in and out of endemic areas. The following actions should be taken during this period; Ensure adequate stock of malaria diagnostics and drugs for the peak transmission season. LLIN distribution (mass/routine) and ensure functionality of health facilities and community health workers providing malaria case management. Inform district authorities and Health workers of increased risk. Reactivating epidemic Response Task Forces at district and lower levels",
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "If there is an unusual increase in the number of new malaria cases or deaths as compared to the same period in previous non-epidemic years: Verify the epidemic (an observed increase in cases can be due to errors in data, improved case management, improved surveillance/diagnostic tools). Report suspected epidemic to the next level. Treat with appropriate anti-malarial drugs according to national tratement guidelines. Investigate the cause for the increase in new cases. Make sure new cases in children age 2 months up to 5 years are managed according to national treatment guidelines.",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "If the number of new cases exceeds the upper limit of cases seen in a previous non-epidemic period in previous years: Evaluate and improve, as needed coverage and uptake of prevention strategies, such as mosquito nets, Malaria case management, Social Behavioural change and community mobilization , test and treat outreaches, Indoor Residual spraying for all at risk of malaria.",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "computerisedAndStatisticalForNationalDistrictAndHSDLevel": "Using MS EXCEL tabulate the malaria cases for each of the 52 weeks in a year for the most recent five (5) years. Plot the 75th percentile for each of the week for the past 5 years using the function =PERCENTILE(A1:A4,0.75). This is the upper normal. Plot the 25th percentile for each of the week for the past 5 years using the function =PERCENTILE(A1:A4,0.25). This is the lower normal. The area between the two lines is the expected number of malaria cases (NORMAL CHANNEL). Plot the weekly malaria cases observed in the current year to present. If the observed weekly malaria cases are above the upper plot of the Normal channel an epidemic alert exists and should be investigated within 24-48 hours.",
+    "epidemicThresholdAlertForHealthCenterTwoAndThree": "Tabulate the observed weekly malaria cases at the health facility for the most recent five (5) years for each of the 52 weeks in a year. Sort the weekly cases in ascending order i.e. from the lowest to highest. The number in the middle of the list is the median. The fourth highest number [the fourth from the bottom], represents the 3rd quartile (75th percentile). This is considered as the upper limit of the expected normal number of cases. Plot the 3rd quartile (75th percentile) for each week and connect the points with a line. This forms the upper normal limit. The second highest number [the second from the bottom], represents the 1st quartile (25th percentile). This is considered as the lower limit of the expected normal number of cases. (Although the desired situation is to have zero cases i.e below the 25th percentile, as malaria interventions are scaled up and epidemiology changes towards pre-elimination and elimination levels). The area between the two lines is the expected (Normal Channel)",
+    "confirmExistenceOfMalariaEpidemic": "If the number of currently observed cases falls between the two lines, this is considered normal. If, however, the number is above the line of the 3rd quartile [upper limit] for 2 consecutive weeks this may be an indication of an epidemic and must therefore be reported within 24-48 hours to the District Health Office. One of the ways to detect early the existence of a malaria epidemic is to monitor the number of malaria cases and compare the present numbers to what can be considered “normal” for a particular health facility based on the data from the past. A malaria normal channel graph is a malaria surveillance chart that shows the number of expected malaria cases seen per week. Since malaria epidemics tend to be localised, to be more useful, this chart should be filled in at the health facility and interpreted by the health facility itself. The interpretation will trigger action by the health facility in-charge. In order to construct the graph, data on malaria cases from at least the last consecutive 5 years should be used.",
+    "settingAnEpidemicThreshold": "The national Malaria Control Program can assist districts and health centres with determining appropriate thresholds for detecting possible epidemics. In the absence of a threshold set by the national program, the following method can be used to determine the threshold level for a malaria epidemic. The threshold is determined using the median and the 3rd Quartile of a period of time (for example, 5-year data from a health facility or district by month/week): Look at the number of malaria cases at a specific health facility or district by month/week for the past 5 years. Determine the median for each month/week (for example, each January for the last 5 years). Rank the monthly/weekly data for each month/week for the five years in ascending order. Identify the number in the middle of each month's/week's series for the five years. This is the median. Repeat this process for each month/week in the five years. Determine the 3rd Quartile for the monthly/weekly series by identifying the 4th highest number from the bottom in each data series (since data is ranked in ascending order). This is the 3rd Quartile representing the upper limit of the expected normal number of malaria cases. Plot the 3rd Quartile for each data series by month/week for the five year period and join the points with a line. The line represents the upper limit of the expected number of cases. Plot the median for each data series by month/week for the five year period and join the points with a line. This line represents the lowest limit of expected number of cases. The area between the two lines (the median and the 3rd Quartile) represents the \"normal channel\". If the number of currently observed cases of malaria falls between the two lines, the number of new cases for that month/week is assumed to be \"normal\". If the number is above the 3rd Quartile (upper limit), this is an indication of a possible malaria epidemic. Please note that to ensure early detection and control of malaria epidemics, it is preferable to use weekly surveillance data in Malaria epidemic prone areas.",
+    "person": "Count the number of new malaria cases and deaths by month and analyze age groups and time of onset",
+    "time": "Graph the number of cases by month/week. Construct an epidemic curve during epidemics",
+    "place": "Identify the most affected villages. Plot location of households for new cases and deaths"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "diagnosticTest": {
+      "microscopyTest": "Presence of malarial parasites in blood films for suspected cases",
+      "malariaRapidDiagnosticTest": "Positive or negative test"
+    },
+    "specimen": "Blood usually finger-stick sample for all ages or other accepted method for collecting blood from very young children",
+    "whenToCollect": "For blood smear: prepare blood film for all suspected cases admitted to inpatient facility, or according to national malaria case management guidelines",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransport": {
+      "bloodSmear": "Collect blood directly onto correctly cleaned and labeled microscope slides and prepare thick and thin smears. Allow smears to dry thoroughly Stain using the appropriate stain and technique Store stained and thoroughly dried slides at room temperature out of direct sunlight",
+      "forRapidDiagnosticTest": "Collect specimen and perform test according to manufacturers’ instructions."
+    },
+    "results": "Thick and thin smear results can be available the same day as preparation. Microscopic examination of malarial slides may also reveal the presence of other blood-borne parasites. RDT result is obtained immediately. Note: In the inpatient setting, perform a hemoglobin estimation laboratory test to confirm severe anaemia, in children 2 months to 5 years in age."
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "Malaria epidemics: Detection and control, forecasting and prevention. Geneva. World Health Organization. WHO/MAL/98.1084",
+    "Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology WHO, Geneva, 1991",
+    "‘Guidelines for Malaria Epidemic Preparedness and Response’ Ministry of Health, Uganda 2012",
+    "‘Malaria Surveillance Monitoring and Evaluation: A reference manual’, Geneva, World Health Organization 2018"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Malaria?",
+    "completion": "Serious malarial infections are usually due to P. falciparum which may result in severe anaemia and vital organ involvement. Over 95% of the malaria infections in Uganda are due to P. falciparum. Incubation period from the time of being bitten to onset of symptoms is 7 to 30 days. The incubation period may be longer, especially with non- P. falciparum species."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Malaria transmitted?",
+    "completion": "Malaria is a highly prevalent tropical illness with fever following the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes which transmit a parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, or P. malariae."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Why is Malaria considered a priority?",
+    "completion": "Malaria is one of the leading causes of illness and death in Uganda. Malaria contributes 30% 0f all outpatients and 10% of the mortality in Uganda. The groups at higher risk of contracting malaria and getting severe disease are pregnant women, children under 5, patients with HIV/AIDS, as well as non-immune migrants, mobile populations and travelers from non-endemic countries."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Malaria?",
+    "completion": "Have a system that ensures early warning, forecasting, detection and prompt response to malaria epidemics, especially in areas prone epidemics."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for uncomplicated Malaria?",
+    "completion": "Any person living in an area at risk of malaria with fever or history of fever within 24 hours; without signs of severe disease (vital organ dysfunction) is diagnosed clinically as malaria."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for confirmed uncomplicated Malaria?",
+    "completion": "Any person with fever or history of fever within 24 hours; and with laboratory confirmation of diagnosis by malaria blood film or other diagnostic test for malaria parasites."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for unconfirmed severe Malaria?",
+    "completion": "Any patient living in an area at risk of malaria hospitalized with severe febrile disease with accompanying vital organ dysfunction diagnosed clinically."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for confirmed severe Malaria?",
+    "completion": "Any patient hospitalized with P. falciparum asexual parasitaemia as confirmed by laboratory tests with accompanying symptoms and signs of severe disease (vital organ dysfunction) diagnosed through laboratory."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should preparedness, forecasting, and early warning for Malaria be approached?",
+    "completion": "This entails use of climatic data, rainfall, humidity or temperature to predict malaria epidemics. Other indicators that are useful include mosquito and larval densities, nutritional status, drug and insecticide resistance, loss of immunity because of a recent reduction in population exposure and human population movements in and out of endemic areas. During this period, ensure adequate stock of malaria diagnostics and drugs for the peak transmission season, LLIN distribution, ensure functionality of health facilities and community health workers providing malaria case management, inform authorities of increased risk, and reactivate epidemic Response Task Forces."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the alert threshold for Malaria is reached?",
+    "completion": "If there is an unusual increase in the number of new malaria cases or deaths as compared to the same period in previous non-epidemic years: Verify the epidemic, report suspected epidemic to the next level, treat with appropriate anti-malarial drugs according to national treatment guidelines, investigate the cause for the increase in new cases, and ensure new cases in children age 2 months up to 5 years are managed according to national treatment guidelines."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the action threshold for Malaria is reached?",
+    "completion": "If the number of new cases exceeds the upper limit of cases seen in a previous non-epidemic period in previous years: Evaluate and improve coverage and uptake of prevention strategies such as mosquito nets, Malaria case management, Social Behavioural change and community mobilization, test and treat outreaches, and Indoor Residual spraying for all at risk of malaria."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about a person with Malaria be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Count the number of new malaria cases and deaths by month and analyze age groups and time of onset."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Malaria be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Graph the number of cases by month/week. Construct an epidemic curve during epidemics."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Malaria be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Identify the most affected villages. Plot location of households for new cases and deaths."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Malaria diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "For microscopy test, the presence of malarial parasites in blood films for suspected cases. For Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test, a positive or negative test result is obtained. Blood, usually from a finger-stick sample or other accepted methods for very young children, is used as the specimen."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Malaria?",
+    "completion": "1. Malaria epidemics: Detection and control, forecasting and prevention. Geneva. World Health Organization. WHO/MAL/98.1084\n2. Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology WHO, Geneva, 1991\n3. ‘Guidelines for Malaria Epidemic Preparedness and Response’ Ministry of Health, Uganda 2012\n4. ‘Malaria Surveillance Monitoring and Evaluation: A reference manual’, Geneva, World Health Organization 2018."
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/malnutrition_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Malnutrition",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Globally, maternal and child under-nutrition are underlying causes for 3·5 million deaths, including 35% of the disease burden in children younger than 5 years. Of the 40 countries with a child stunting prevalence of 40% or more, 23 are in Africa. The most vulnerable are children under five and pregnant and lactating women. The poor nutritional status and nutritional intake of pregnant women may contribute to newborns with low birth weight (a weight measured immediately after birth). A newborn weighing less than 2500 grams (2.5 kilos or 5.5 pounds) is considered a newborn with low birth weight (LBW). LBW is a major determinant of death, illness and disability in infancy and childhood and also impacts health outcomes in adult life. Programmes elaborated to eradicate malnutrition are on food security, water and sanitation, promotion of infant and young children feeding practices, micronutrient supplementation programmes, management of severe cases of malnutrition in the communities and in the health facilities, management of infections mainly diarrhoeal disease. Many sporadic surveys are being organized, but nutrition surveillance is currently poorly implemented and does not allow for interventions related to prevention and management of malnutrition.",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "",
+    "priorityReason": "Severe malnutrition may act as a direct cause of death or an indirect cause by increasing dramatically the number of deaths in children suffering from common childhood illnesses such as diarrhea and pneumonia. Despite the above, the burden of child mortality due to severe malnutrition remains largely absent from the international health agenda and few countries, even in high prevalence areas, have specific national policies aimed at addressing it comprehensively.",
+    "riskFactors": "Socio-economic conditions, poor water and sanitation, mothers' nutritional education on how to feed babies and young children, and repeated infections are the main causes of malnutrition.",
+    "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Early warning and problem identification. Policy-making and planning. Programme management and evaluation. Assess effectiveness of public health response that address causes of low birth weight, malnutrition in children and malnutrition in pregnant women",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "lowBirthWeightNewborns": "Any new born with a birth weight less than 2500 grams (or 5.5 lbs)",
+    "malnutritionInChildren": "Children under five who are underweight (indicator: weight for age<-2 ZScore), Children 6 to 59 months with MUAC<11.5 cm (high risk of mortality). Bilateral pitting edema",
+    "malnutritionInPregnantWomen": "Pregnant women given birth to low birth weight babies (birth weight < 2.5 Kg) (poor nutritional and health status of the women, can predict which population groups may benefit from improved antenatal care of women and neonatal care for infants)."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": {
+    "ifMoreThan20PercentChildrenAreUnderweight": "If more than 20% of children are underweight: Programme emphasis on Breastfeeding support. Nutrition education. Supplementation of child and mother. Prevention and treatment of diarrhoea. Prevention and treatment of severe malnutrition.Socio-economic support. As soon as one case with MUAC less than 11.5 cm is detected or presence of bilateral edema identified: Alert, further investigation should be conducted. In addition, refer the child to a therapeutic feeding programme.",
+    "ifMoreOrEqualThan15PercentOfLowBirthWeight": "If more or equal than 15% of low birth weight are less than 2.5 Kg: Targeting interventions for improved antenatal care for women and neonatal care of infants including nutritional care (anti-smoking and anti-alcohol campaigns, nutritional care for women before and during antenatal and during lactating period, malaria prophylaxis, new-born care facilities, etc.) to those at risk of poor pregnancy outcomes and treat new born to prevent morbidity and death."
+  },
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "person": "Count monthly/weekly cases and analyze age and gender distribution",
+    "time": "Graph cases monthly to analyze trends and weekly in emergency",
+    "place": "Plot location of households/community with cases"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "_comment": "Routine laboratory confirmation for surveillance is not required.",
+    "diagnosticTest": "",
+    "specimen": "",
+    "whenToCollect": "",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "",
+    "results": ""
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences: Black R.E. et al :The Lancet, Volume 371, Issue 9608, Pages 243 - 260.",
+    "Gross R, Webb P, Wasting time for wasted children: severe child undernutrition must be resolved in non-emergency settings. Lancet 2006; 367: 1209-1211.",
+    "Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry.Report of a WHO Expert Committee.WHO Technical Report Series, 1995, No 854: 81, 128-130, 198-208.",
+    "WHO child growth standards and the identification of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children. A Joint Statement by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+---
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Malnutrition?",
+    "completion": "Globally, maternal and child under-nutrition are underlying causes for 3·5 million deaths, including 35% of the disease burden in children younger than 5 years. Of the 40 countries with a child stunting prevalence of 40% or more, 23 are in Africa. The most vulnerable are children under five and pregnant and lactating women. The poor nutritional status and nutritional intake of pregnant women may contribute to newborns with low birth weight. Programmes elaborated to eradicate malnutrition focus on food security, water and sanitation, promotion of infant and young children feeding practices, micronutrient supplementation programmes, management of severe cases of malnutrition in communities and health facilities, and management of infections mainly diarrhoeal disease. Nutrition surveillance is currently poorly implemented and does not allow for interventions related to prevention and management of malnutrition."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Why is Malnutrition considered a priority?",
+    "completion": "Severe malnutrition may act as a direct cause of death or an indirect cause by increasing dramatically the number of deaths in children suffering from common childhood illnesses such as diarrhea and pneumonia. The burden of child mortality due to severe malnutrition remains largely absent from the international health agenda and few countries, even in high prevalence areas, have specific national policies aimed at addressing it comprehensively."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the risk factors for Malnutrition?",
+    "completion": "Socio-economic conditions, poor water and sanitation, mothers' nutritional education on how to feed babies and young children, and repeated infections are the main causes of malnutrition."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Malnutrition?",
+    "completion": "Early warning and problem identification. Policy-making and planning. Programme management and evaluation. Assess the effectiveness of public health responses that address causes of low birth weight, malnutrition in children, and malnutrition in pregnant women."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for low birth weight newborns?",
+    "completion": "Any newborn with a birth weight less than 2500 grams (or 5.5 lbs)."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for malnutrition in children?",
+    "completion": "Children under five who are underweight (indicator: weight for age<-2 ZScore), Children 6 to 59 months with MUAC<11.5 cm (high risk of mortality). Bilateral pitting edema."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for malnutrition in pregnant women?",
+    "completion": "Pregnant women giving birth to low birth weight babies (birth weight < 2.5 Kg)."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the alert threshold for Malnutrition in children is reached?",
+    "completion": "If more than 20% of children are underweight, the programme should emphasize on Breastfeeding support, Nutrition education, Supplementation of child and mother, Prevention and treatment of diarrhoea, Prevention and treatment of severe malnutrition, Socio-economic support. If a child with MUAC less than 11.5 cm is detected or presence of bilateral edema is identified, an alert should be raised, further investigation should be conducted, and the child should be referred to a therapeutic feeding programme."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when the alert threshold for Malnutrition in pregnant women is reached?",
+    "completion": "If more or equal than 15% of low birth weight are less than 2.5 Kg, interventions should be targeted for improved antenatal care for women and neonatal care of infants including nutritional care (anti-smoking and anti-alcohol campaigns, nutritional care for women before and during antenatal and during lactating period, malaria prophylaxis, new-born care facilities, etc.) to those at risk of poor pregnancy outcomes and treat newborns to prevent morbidity and death."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about a person with Malnutrition be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Count monthly/weekly cases and analyze age and gender distribution."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Malnutrition be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Graph cases monthly to analyze trends and weekly in emergencies."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Malnutrition be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Identify the most affected villages. Plot location of households/community with cases."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Malnutrition diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Routine laboratory confirmation for surveillance is not required for malnutrition."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Malnutrition?",
+    "completion": "1. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences: Black R.E. et al :The Lancet, Volume 371, Issue 9608, Pages 243 - 260.\n2. Gross R, Webb P, Wasting time for wasted children: severe child undernutrition must be resolved in non-emergency settings. Lancet 2006; 367: 1209-1211.\n3. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series, 1995, No 854: 81, 128-130, 198-208.\n4. WHO child growth standards and the identification of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children. A Joint Statement by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund."
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/maternal_deaths_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Maternal Deaths",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Deaths during pregnancy, childbirth or termination of pregnancy, and deaths up to 6 weeks (42 days) after childbirth or termination of pregnancy related to pregnancy are considered Maternal Deaths.Hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death in sub-Saharan Africa, and unattended births are a particular risk, especially in rural areas where transport to health care facilities is a problem.",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "",
+    "priorityReason": "Globally, about 80% of maternal deaths are due to; severe bleeding (mostly bleeding postpartum), infections (also mostly soon after delivery), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (eclampsia) and obstructed labor. Complications after unsafe abortion cause 13% of maternal deaths. Across the developing world, maternal mortality levels remain too high, with more than 500,000 women dying every year as a result of complications during pregnancy and childbirth. About half of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa where a woman's lifetime risk of maternal death is 1 in 22, compared with 1 in 8,000 in industrialized countries.",
+    "riskFactors": "",
+    "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Estimate and monitor maternal mortality rates. Identify risk factors and high risk areas for maternal mortality to inform program decisions. Evaluate programs aimed at reducing maternal mortality",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": "The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of the delivery or termination of the pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes",
+  "recommendedPublicHealthAction": "Establish alert thresholds to allow health facility or district health personnel determine when special targeted interventions are necessary. Monitor trends and respond to alert thresholds. Increase availability and use of antenatal care. Provide specialized training to traditional and profession birth attendants. Support interventions to improve recognition and response to high-risk pregnancies at the community level",
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": "",
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "person": "Analyze the distribution of cases by age and other demographic factors",
+    "time": "Graph cases to construct an epidemic curve throughout the year in order to identify trends.",
+    "place": "Plot the location of cases and analyze the distribution"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "_comment": "Routine laboratory confirmation for surveillance is not required.",
+    "diagnosticTest": "",
+    "specimen": "",
+    "whenToCollect": "",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "",
+    "results": ""
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "http: //www.who.int/making pregnancy safer/topics/maternal mortality/en/index.html",
+    "http: //www.unicef.org/index.php"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+---
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are Maternal Deaths?",
+    "completion": "Deaths during pregnancy, childbirth or termination of pregnancy, and deaths up to 6 weeks (42 days) after childbirth or termination of pregnancy related to pregnancy are considered Maternal Deaths. Hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death in sub-Saharan Africa, and unattended births are a particular risk, especially in rural areas where transport to health care facilities is a problem."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Why are Maternal Deaths considered a priority?",
+    "completion": "Globally, about 80% of maternal deaths are due to severe bleeding (mostly bleeding postpartum), infections (also mostly soon after delivery), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (eclampsia) and obstructed labor. Complications after unsafe abortion cause 13% of maternal deaths. Across the developing world, maternal mortality levels remain too high, with more than 500,000 women dying every year as a result of complications during pregnancy and childbirth. About half of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa where a woman's lifetime risk of maternal death is 1 in 22, compared with 1 in 8,000 in industrialized countries."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Maternal Deaths?",
+    "completion": "Estimate and monitor maternal mortality rates. Identify risk factors and high risk areas for maternal mortality to inform program decisions. Evaluate programs aimed at reducing maternal mortality."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for Maternal Deaths?",
+    "completion": "The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of the delivery or termination of the pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the recommended public health actions for Maternal Deaths?",
+    "completion": "Establish alert thresholds to allow health facility or district health personnel determine when special targeted interventions are necessary. Monitor trends and respond to alert thresholds. Increase availability and use of antenatal care. Provide specialized training to traditional and professional birth attendants. Support interventions to improve recognition and response to high-risk pregnancies at the community level."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about a person with Maternal Deaths be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Analyze the distribution of cases by age and other demographic factors."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Maternal Deaths be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Graph cases to construct an epidemic curve throughout the year in order to identify trends."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Maternal Deaths be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Plot the location of cases and analyze the distribution."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How are Maternal Deaths diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Routine laboratory confirmation for surveillance is not required for maternal deaths."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Maternal Deaths?",
+    "completion": "1. [World Health Organization on Maternal Mortality](http://www.who.int/making pregnancy safer/topics/maternal mortality/en/index.html)\n2. [UNICEF](http://www.unicef.org/index.php)"
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/measles_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Measles",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Measles is a febrile rash illness due to paramyxovirus (Morbillivirus) transmitted human-to- human via airborne droplet spread. It is the fourth leading cause of death in children less than 5 years of age in many African countries. The incubation period is 7 to 18 days from exposure to onset of fever. Among children with vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition, measles may result in severe illness due to the virus itself and associated bacterial infections, especially pneumonia; only the minority of cases are severe.",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "",
+    "priorityReason": "Measles is among the most transmissible of human infections. Large outbreaks occur every few years in areas with low vaccine coverage and where there is an accumulation of persons who have never been infected or vaccinated. The true incidence of measles far exceeds reported cases.",
+    "riskFactors": "Risk factors include low vaccine coverage (<85 to 90%) which allows accumulation of susceptible persons at high risk for measles. Outbreaks can be explosive in areas of high population density. Other viral illnesses such as rubella may cause or contribute to similar outbreaks",
+    "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Detect outbreaks of fever with rash illness promptly: In countries with a measles elimination target: immediate case-based reporting of suspected cases and deaths of fever with rash illness; confirm all suspected measles cases with laboratory test (usually serum IgM). In countries with accelerated measles control programs: Summary reporting of cases and deaths for routine surveillance and outbreaks; confirm the first five cases of suspected measles in a health facility per week with laboratory test (usually serum IgM). Uganda's target is to achieve measles elimination by 2020",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "suspectedCase": "Any person with fever and maculopapular (non-vesicular) generalized rash and cough, coryza or conjunctivitis (red eyes) or any person in whom a clinician suspects measles.",
+    "probableCase": "",
+    "confirmedCase": "A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive IgM antibody) or epidemiological link to confirmed cases in an outbreak."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": {
+    "ifOutbreakIsSuspected": "If an outbreak is suspected:Report suspected case to the next level. Collect blood samples from the first five cases to confirm the outbreak. Line list the other cases without collecting any blood samples. Treat cases with oral rehydration, vitamin A, and antibiotics for prevention of bacterial super- infection. Use airborne isolation precautions where feasible. Investigate the case or outbreak to identify causes for outbreak"
+  },
+  "respondToActionThreshold": {
+    "ifOutbreakIsConfirmed": "If an outbreak is confirmed: Improve routine vaccine coverage through the EPI, and lead supplemental vaccination activities in areas of low vaccine coverage.Mobilize the community early to enable rapid case detection and treatment."
+  },
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "person": "Count total cases and analyze by age group and immunization status",
+    "time": "Graph cases to construct an epidemic curve throughout the year in order to identify trends.Graph weekly cases and deaths. Construct epidemic curve for outbreak cases.",
+    "place": "Plot location of case households"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "diagnosticTest": "Presence of IgM antibodies to measles virus in serum.",
+    "specimen": "Serum Whole blood",
+    "whenToCollect": "Collect specimens within the first 30 days of rash onset. Collect blood samples on 5 suspected measles cases when the number of cases exceeds the measles outbreak threshold (that is more than 5 cases in a district in a month). In countries with an elimination target: Collect specimen from every suspected case of measles. Collect serum for antibody testing at first opportunity or first visit to the health facility.",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "For children, collect 1 to 5 ml of venous blood depending on size of child. Collect into a test tube, capillary tube or microtainer. Separate blood cells from serum. Let clot retract for 30 to 60 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge at 2000 rpm for 10-20 minutes and pour off serum into a clean glass tube. If no centrifuge, put sample in refrigerator overnight (4 to 6 hours) until clot retracts. Pour off serum the next morning. If no centrifuge and no refrigerator, let blood sit at an angle for at least 60 minutes (without shaking or being driven in a vehicle). Pour off serum into a clean tube. Store serum at 4°C. Transport serum samples using appropriate packaging to prevent breaking or leaks during transport. Do not freeze whole blood",
+    "results": "The specimen should arrive at the laboratory within 3 days of being collected. Results are usually available after 7 days. If as few as 3 out of 5 suspected measles cases are laboratory confirmed, the outbreak is confirmed. Avoid shaking of specimen before serum has been collected. To prevent bacterial overgrowth, ensure that the serum is poured into a clean glass test tube. The test tube does not need to be sterile, just clean. Transport the serum in a specimen carrier at 4°C to 8°C to prevent bacterial overgrowth (up to 7 days). If not refrigerated, serum stored in a clean tube will be good for at least 3 days."
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "Field guide for training operational level health workers on vaccine preventable disease surveillance, MoH/ UNEPI (Revised edition 2012)",
+    "Using surveillance data and outbreak investigations to strengthen measles immunization programs, Geneva, World Health Organization. WHO/EPI/GEN/96.02",
+    "WHO Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response to Measles Outbreaks WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.1"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Measles?",
+    "completion": "Measles is a febrile rash illness due to paramyxovirus (Morbillivirus) transmitted human-to-human via airborne droplet spread. It is the fourth leading cause of death in children less than 5 years of age in many African countries. The incubation period is 7 to 18 days from exposure to onset of fever. Among children with vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition, measles may result in severe illness due to the virus itself and associated bacterial infections, especially pneumonia; only the minority of cases are severe."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Why is Measles considered a priority?",
+    "completion": "Measles is among the most transmissible of human infections. Large outbreaks occur every few years in areas with low vaccine coverage and where there is an accumulation of persons who have never been infected or vaccinated. The true incidence of measles far exceeds reported cases."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Measles?",
+    "completion": "Detect outbreaks of fever with rash illness promptly. In countries with a measles elimination target: immediate case-based reporting of suspected cases and deaths of fever with rash illness; confirm all suspected measles cases with laboratory test (usually serum IgM). In countries with accelerated measles control programs: Summary reporting of cases and deaths for routine surveillance and outbreaks; confirm the first five cases of suspected measles in a health facility per week with laboratory test (usually serum IgM). Uganda's target is to achieve measles elimination by 2020."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for Measles?",
+    "completion": "Suspected Case: Any person with fever and maculopapular (non-vesicular) generalized rash and cough, coryza or conjunctivitis (red eyes) or any person in whom a clinician suspects measles. Confirmed Case: A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive IgM antibody) or epidemiological link to confirmed cases in an outbreak."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when there's an alert threshold for Measles?",
+    "completion": "If an outbreak is suspected: Report suspected case to the next level. Collect blood samples from the first five cases to confirm the outbreak. Line list the other cases without collecting any blood samples. Treat cases with oral rehydration, vitamin A, and antibiotics for prevention of bacterial super-infection. Use airborne isolation precautions where feasible. Investigate the case or outbreak to identify causes for outbreak."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when there's an action threshold for Measles?",
+    "completion": "If an outbreak is confirmed: Improve routine vaccine coverage through the EPI, and lead supplemental vaccination activities in areas of low vaccine coverage. Mobilize the community early to enable rapid case detection and treatment."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about a person with Measles be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Count total cases and analyze by age group and immunization status."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Measles be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Graph cases to construct an epidemic curve throughout the year in order to identify trends. Graph weekly cases and deaths. Construct an epidemic curve for outbreak cases."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Measles be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Plot the location of case households."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How are Measles diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Measles is diagnosed in the laboratory through the presence of IgM antibodies to measles virus in serum. The specimen used is serum whole blood. Specimens should be collected within the first 30 days of rash onset. Blood samples should be collected on 5 suspected measles cases when the number of cases exceeds the measles outbreak threshold. In countries with an elimination target, a specimen should be collected from every suspected case of measles. Specimens should be stored at 4°C and transported using appropriate packaging. Results are typically available after 7 days. If as few as 3 out of 5 suspected measles cases are laboratory confirmed, the outbreak is confirmed."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Measles?",
+    "completion": "1. Field guide for training operational level health workers on vaccine preventable disease surveillance, MoH/ UNEPI (Revised edition 2012)\n2. Using surveillance data and outbreak investigations to strengthen measles immunization programs, Geneva, World Health Organization. WHO/EPI/GEN/96.02\n3. WHO Guidelines for Epidemic Preparedness and Response to Measles Outbreaks WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.1"
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/meningococcal_meningitis_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Meningococcal Meningitis",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Streptococcus pneumoniae constitute the majority of all cases of bacterial meningitis and 90% of bacterial meningitis in children. Meningococcal meningitis is the main form of meningitis to cause epidemics and remains a major public health challenge in the African meningitis belt, an area that extends from Senegal to Ethiopia. In these countries, large outbreaks may occur during the dry season (e.g., November through May). Outside of the meningitis belt, smaller outbreaks may occur year-round. Epidemics in the meningitis belt are traditionally associated with Neisseria meningitides serogroup A although in 2002 an epidemic due to Nm serogroup W135 occurred in Burkina and in 2006 Nm serogroup X was isolated in Niger. Human-to-human disease transmission is via large respiratory droplets from the nose and throats of infected people. Incubation period is 2 to 10 days. Attack rates are highest among children aged less than 15 years. Oily chloramphenicol is the drug of choice during epidemics because a single dose of this long-acting formulation has been shown to be effective. Antimicrobial resistance to chloramphenicol has not yet been detected in Africa, however, resistance to sulphonamides is widespread. The current response to meningitis epidemics consists of reactive mass vaccination campaigns with bivalent (A and C) and/or trivalent polysaccharide vaccine (A, C, and W135) as soon as possible after an epidemic has been declared. Polysaccharide vaccines do not protect very young children and only provide protection for up to three years resulting in repetitive meningitis outbreaks. A meningococcal A conjugate vaccine has been developed which is immunogenic in both infants and adults and is expected to confer long-term protection. It is expected that introduction of this conjugate vaccine into meningitis belt countries is likely to dramatically reduce the circulation of Nm A and eliminate Nm A epidemics.",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "",
+    "priorityReason": "Case fatality rates are usually 8-15% among treated patients, and >70% among untreated cases. Many survivors suffer long-term sequelae including mental retardation, hearing loss and loss of limb use.",
+    "riskFactors": "",
+    "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "To promptly detect meningitis outbreaks and to confirm aetiology of meningitis outbreaks. To use the data to plan for treatment and vaccination supplies and other prevention and control measures. To assess and monitor the spread and progress of the epidemic and the effectiveness of control measures. To monitor the situation including serogroup shifts throughout the year. To perform periodic susceptibility testing for penicillin and chloramphenicol",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "suspectedCase": "Any person with sudden onset of fever (>38.5°C rectal or 38.0°C axillary) and one of the following signs: neck stiffness, altered consciousness or other meningeal signs.",
+    "probableCase": "",
+    "confirmedCase": "A suspected case confirmed by isolation of N. meningitidis from CSF or blood."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": {
+    "alertThreshold": "For populations between 30 000 and 100 000 inhabitants, an attack rate of 5 cases per 100 000 inhabitants per week. For populations less than 30 000 inhabitants,2 cases in 1 week or an increase in the number compared to the same time in previous non-epidemic years.",
+    "respondToAlertThreshold": "Inform next level of health system. Record cases on a line listing form. Investigate and laboratory confirm the cases. Treat all suspected cases with appropriate antibiotics as recommended by National protocol. Intensify surveillance for additional cases in the area. Prepare to conduct a mass vaccination campaign"
+  },
+  "respondToActionThreshold": {
+    "epidemicthreshold": "For populations between 30 000 and 100,000: an attack rate of 15 cases per 100 000 inhabitants per week. When the risk of an epidemic is high (no epidemic during last 3 years, alert threshold reached in dry season), epidemic threshold is 10 cases per 100 000 inhabitants per week. For populations less than 30 000 inhabitants: 5 cases in 1 week or the doubling of the number of cases over a 3-week period.",
+    "respondToEpidemicThreshold": "Immediately vaccinate the epidemic district as well as any contiguous districts in alert phase. Mobilize community to permit early case detection and treatment, and improve vaccine coverage during mass vaccination campaigns for outbreak control. Continue data collection, transmission and analysis. Maintain regular collection of 5-10 CSF specimens per week throughout the epidemic season in all affected districts to detect possible serogroup shift. Treat all cases with appropriate antibiotics as recommended by National protocol."
+  },
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "person": "Count total sporadic and outbreak cases. Analyze age distribution",
+    "time": "In meningitis belt countries during epidemic season, graph weekly cases and deaths. Otherwise, graph monthly trends in cases and deaths. Construct an epidemic curve for outbreak cases",
+    "place": "In epidemics (not in endemic situations), plot location of case households and estimate distance to the nearest health facility",
+    "targetCaseFatalityRate": "less than 10%"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "diagnosticTest": "Microscopic examination of CSF for Gram negative diplococci Culture and isolation of N. meningitidis from CSF",
+    "specimen": "Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) Note: CSF is the specimen of choice for culture and microscopic exam. If CSF not available, collect blood (10 ml adults, 1-5 ml for children) for culture.",
+    "whenToCollect": "Collect specimens from 5 to 10 cases once the alert or epidemic threshold (see Meningitis in Section 8.0) has been reached.",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Prepare the patient and aseptically collect CSF into sterile test tubes with tops. Immediately place 1 ml of CSF into a pre-warmed bottle of trans-isolate medium. Incubate at body temperature (36C to 37C). Never refrigerate specimens that will be cultured. Keep CSF for microscopic exam and chemistry in the original syringe (replace cap). Refrigerate the capped syringe and send it to the laboratory as soon as possible.",
+    "results": "Isolation of Neiseria meningitidis, a fastidious organism, is expensive, and difficult. It requires excellent techniques for specimen collection and handling and expensive media and antisera. Initial specimens in an outbreak or for singly occurring isolates of N. meningitis should be serotyped and an antibiogram performed to ensure appropriate treatment. Trans Isolate medium (TI) is stable. If properly stored at temperature (4°C) it can be kept for up to two years after preparation. In the refrigerator, the liquid phase turns gelatinous but reliquifies at room temperature. Unused TI bottles should be kept tightly sealed. If there is any colour change (yellowing or clouding of the liquid medium"
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "Weekly Epidemiological Record N 38, September 2000 (http: //www.who.int/wer/pdf/2000/wer7538.pdf)",
+    "WHO Regional Office for Africa Standard Operating Procedures for Enhanced Meningitis Surveillance in Africa, August 2009",
+    "Control of epidemic meningococcal disease. WHO Practical Guidelines, 2nd Edition. WHO/EMC/BAC/98.3.",
+    "\"Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Meningitis Caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.\" WHO document WHO/CDS/EDC/99.7 WHO, Geneva"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Meningococcal Meningitis?",
+    "completion": "Meningococcal meningitis is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Streptococcus pneumoniae, which constitute the majority of all cases of bacterial meningitis and 90% of bacterial meningitis in children. It is a significant public health challenge in the African meningitis belt, an area stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia. Large outbreaks often occur during the dry season. Human-to-human transmission is through large respiratory droplets from the noses and throats of infected individuals. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 10 days. Children, especially those with vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition, are at high risk. Most cases are treatable, but untreated cases have high fatality rates. Epidemics in the belt are often associated with Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, but other serogroups have caused outbreaks. A new meningococcal A conjugate vaccine has been developed, which offers longer-term protection and is expected to significantly reduce epidemics."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Why is Meningococcal Meningitis considered a priority?",
+    "completion": "Meningococcal Meningitis is prioritized because of its high case fatality rates, which are usually 8-15% among treated patients and over 70% among untreated cases. Many survivors suffer from long-term complications such as mental retardation, hearing loss, and loss of limb function."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Meningococcal Meningitis?",
+    "completion": "The goals include promptly detecting meningitis outbreaks, confirming the cause of outbreaks, using the data to plan for treatment and vaccination supplies, assessing and monitoring the spread and progress of the epidemic, evaluating the effectiveness of control measures, and conducting periodic susceptibility testing for penicillin and chloramphenicol."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for Meningococcal Meningitis?",
+    "completion": "Suspected Case: Any person with sudden onset of fever (>38.5°C rectal or 38.0°C axillary) and one of the following signs: neck stiffness, altered consciousness or other meningeal signs. Confirmed Case: A suspected case with the isolation of N. meningitidis from CSF or blood."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when there's an alert threshold for Meningococcal Meningitis?",
+    "completion": "For populations between 30,000 and 100,000, an alert is triggered with an attack rate of 5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per week. For populations below 30,000, 2 cases in 1 week or an increase compared to previous non-epidemic years prompts an alert. The response includes informing the next level of the health system, recording cases, laboratory confirmation, treating all suspected cases as per national protocols, intensifying surveillance, and preparing for a mass vaccination campaign."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond when there's an action threshold for Meningococcal Meningitis?",
+    "completion": "For populations between 30,000 and 100,000, the epidemic threshold is an attack rate of 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per week. When the risk of an epidemic is high, the threshold is 10 cases per 100,000 per week. For populations below 30,000, 5 cases in a week or the doubling of cases over 3 weeks indicates an epidemic. The response involves vaccinating affected areas, mobilizing the community for early detection and treatment, continued data collection and analysis, maintaining specimen collection to detect serogroup shifts, and treating all cases as per national protocols."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about a person with Meningococcal Meningitis be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Count total sporadic and outbreak cases. Analyze the age distribution of cases."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Meningococcal Meningitis be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "In the meningitis belt during the epidemic season, graph weekly cases and deaths. Otherwise, graph monthly trends in cases and deaths. Construct an epidemic curve for outbreak cases. The target case fatality rate is less than 10%."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Meningococcal Meningitis be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "In epidemics (not endemic situations), plot the location of case households and estimate the distance to the nearest health facility."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How are Meningococcal Meningitis diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Diagnosis is through microscopic examination of CSF for Gram-negative diplococci and the culture and isolation of N. meningitidis from CSF. The specimen of choice is cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Specimens should be collected from 5 to 10 cases once the alert or epidemic threshold has been reached. Specimens should be kept at 4°C and transported appropriately. Results typically involve the isolation of Neiseria meningitidis. Specimen preparation and handling are critical due to the organism's fastidious nature. Regular susceptibility testing should be performed to ensure appropriate treatment."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Meningococcal Meningitis?",
+    "completion": "1. Weekly Epidemiological Record N 38, September 2000 (http: //www.who.int/wer/pdf/2000/wer7538.pdf)\n2. WHO Regional Office for Africa Standard Operating Procedures for Enhanced Meningitis Surveillance in Africa, August 2009\n3. Control of epidemic meningococcal disease. WHO Practical Guidelines, 2nd Edition. WHO/EMC/BAC/98.3.\n4. Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Meningitis Caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. WHO document WHO/CDS/EDC/99.7 WHO, Geneva"
+  }
+]

Data/PDF Data Extraction_Data_Team/Data Preprocessing/All Extracted Data/mental_illness_epilepsy_2023_07_29_v1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "disease": "Mental Illness (Epilepsy)",
+  "background": {
+    "diseaseInfo": "Epilepsy is defined as the recurrence of, at least, two epileptic seizures with sudden occurrence of abnormal signs which could be: motor, tonic, sensitive, sensorial, neuro-vegetative, or psycho-behavioral. These symptoms could or could not be associated to a loss of conscience. It can appear at any age. Epilepsy is the most common result of brain cells disturbance that lead to excessive nerve-cell discharges. According to the disturbance on some or many groups of cells, seizures could be partial or generalized. Seizures with tonic-clonic muscle movements are named convulsion or fit or attack. Convulsion can appear at any age; all convulsions are not systematically epilepsy. Epilepsy is frequent in the Region and its prevalence rate range from 2.2 to 58 per 1000. Studies from five sub-Saharan African countries showed an incidence ranging from 64 to 156 per 100,000 person/year. This higher incidence may be a consequence of many risk factors which are related with predisposing factors such as poor perinatal care, head trauma, consanguinity. It has been estimated that in developing countries, up to 80% of people with epilepsy are not receiving treatment, or are often not even identified. While the etiological diagnosis of the epilepsies may be more difficult in developing countries, due to limited investigative resources, many can be diagnosed on the basis of simple clinical and epidemiological knowledge.",
+    "transmissionRoutes": "",
+    "priorityReason": "Epilepsy substantially increases mortality risk, particularly in conditions of later detection due to lack of well trained health workers to diagnose and treat neurological disorders. Death and injury occur primarily due to status epilepticus (especially in the case of abrupt medication withdrawal), burns and drowning.",
+    "riskFactors": "Many etiological factors are related with communicable diseases (malaria, tuberculosis, meningitis, neurocysticerocisis and HIV), non communicable diseases (high blood pressure, diabetes, alcoholism and illicit drug use), poorer medical facilities, poorer general health and a lower standard of living. Misunderstanding linked to cultural beliefs, sigma and exclusion do not facilitate appropriate care.",
+    "additionalInfo": ""
+  },
+  "surveillanceGoal": "Early detection and immediate intervention to prevent morbidity and mortality rates associated with epilepsy. Register and monitor epilepsy cases",
+  "standardCaseDefinition": {
+    "suspectedCase": "Any person with one epileptic seizure",
+    "probableCase": "Report only the first diagnostic of the case in the health centre",
+    "confirmedCase": "Any person with recurrence of, at least, two epileptic seizures. A positive response to treatment with any AED strengthens the hypothesis of a confirmed case. Epileptic seizures can last for 30 seconds to 3 minutes. When they are intricate without a pause, they can lead to status epilepticus."
+  },
+  "respondToAlertThreshold": {
+    "suspectedCases": "All health personnel should check for early signs of epilepsy. Diagnosis should include good interviews (describing as precisely as possible the seizure type) and clinical examination. Once diagnosed, search for underlying and associated causes. Check for abnormal increases on number of cases and propose appropriate environmental measures if needed",
+    "confirmedCases": "Immediate treatment should be ensured starting with low doses of any anti epileptic drug then increasing progressively until an effective steady state. In case of poor seizure control management strategies must be: increase the dose or try an alternative drug, refer to an upper level health structure. Referral to higher level health structure should be done if seizures continue regardless of pharmacological treatment or if first seizure occurs in an adult aged 30 and above."
+  },
+  "respondToActionThreshold": "All cases: Information and education measures on epilepsy and risk factors at community level",
+  "analyzeAndInterpretData": {
+    "person": "Analyse sex and age distribution (by age group from 6 years onwards)",
+    "time": "Graph quarterly cases",
+    "place": "Plot the distribution by area of residence"
+  },
+  "laboratoryConfirmation": {
+    "diagnosticTest": "Blood glucose( random capillary blood, and venous blood sugar), electrolytes to exclude other conditions such as diabetes, kidney pathology. Exclude other conditions such as Cerebral Malaria, meningitis, toxoplasmosis; cerebro calcifications follow tuberculosis (tuberculoma), parasitic diseases and others by conducting appropriate medical investigations.",
+    "specimen": "Blood, and cerebro-spinal fluid",
+    "whenToCollect": "Glucose - During the emergency admission of the patient (random blood glucose) Confirmed subsequently (fasting blood glucose)",
+    "howToPrepareStoreTransport": "Use universal precautions to minimize exposure to sharps and any body fluid",
+    "results": "Results are always available within 1 to 3 hours from arrival in the laboratory"
+  },
+  "reference": [
+    "WHO, Epilepsy in the WHO African Region: Bridging the Gap, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Congo, 2004.",
+    "WHO, Epilepsy: a manual for medical and clinical officers in Africa, World health, Geneva 2002"
+  ]
+}
+
+
+
+---
+
+
+[
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is Epilepsy?",
+    "completion": "Epilepsy is characterized by the recurrence of at least two epileptic seizures, which manifest as sudden abnormal signs. These signs can be motor, tonic, sensitive, sensorial, neuro-vegetative, or psycho-behavioral. Symptoms may or may not be associated with a loss of consciousness. Epilepsy can develop at any age and is primarily caused by disturbances in brain cells leading to excessive nerve-cell discharges. Depending on the affected cell groups, seizures can be partial or generalized. Convulsions can happen at any age, but not all are epilepsy. In the African Region, epilepsy is common, with a prevalence rate ranging from 2.2 to 58 per 1000. Studies have shown a high incidence in sub-Saharan African countries. Numerous risk factors contribute to its development, and up to 80% of people with epilepsy in developing countries might not receive treatment or even be identified."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "Why is Epilepsy considered a priority?",
+    "completion": "Epilepsy increases mortality risk, especially when detected later due to the shortage of trained health workers to diagnose and treat neurological disorders. Death and injury primarily arise from status epilepticus (especially if medication is abruptly withdrawn), burns, and drowning."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the risk factors for Epilepsy?",
+    "completion": "Several etiological factors are associated with epilepsy. These include communicable diseases (like malaria, tuberculosis, meningitis, neurocysticercosis, and HIV), non-communicable diseases (such as high blood pressure, diabetes, alcoholism, and illicit drug use), as well as poorer medical facilities, general health, and living standards. Cultural beliefs, stigma, and exclusion can also hinder appropriate care and early detection."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the surveillance goals for Epilepsy?",
+    "completion": "The goals are to ensure early detection and immediate intervention to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates associated with epilepsy. Additionally, registering and monitoring epilepsy cases is vital."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What is the standard case definition for Epilepsy?",
+    "completion": "Suspected Case: Any person with one epileptic seizure. Probable Case: Only the first diagnosis of the case in the health centre. Confirmed Case: Any person with a recurrence of at least two epileptic seizures. A positive response to treatment with any anti-epileptic drug (AED) strengthens the hypothesis of a confirmed case. Seizures can last from 30 seconds to 3 minutes, and intertwined seizures without a pause can lead to status epilepticus."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond to a suspected or confirmed case of Epilepsy?",
+    "completion": "For suspected cases, health personnel should check for early signs of epilepsy. The diagnosis should include thorough interviews and clinical examinations. Upon diagnosis, search for underlying and associated causes. Check for any unusual increase in the number of cases and propose environmental measures if needed. For confirmed cases, immediate treatment is crucial. Treatment begins with low doses of any anti-epileptic drug and is progressively increased until an effective steady state is reached. If seizures persist despite pharmacological treatment or if the first seizure occurs in an adult aged 30 or above, a referral to a higher-level health facility is recommended."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should you respond to all cases of Epilepsy?",
+    "completion": "Information and education measures on epilepsy and its risk factors should be disseminated at the community level."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about a person with Epilepsy be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "The sex and age distribution (by age group from 6 years onwards) should be analyzed."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about time in the context of Epilepsy be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "Cases should be graphed quarterly."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How should data about place in the context of Epilepsy be analyzed and interpreted?",
+    "completion": "The distribution should be plotted by area of residence."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "How is Epilepsy diagnosed in the laboratory?",
+    "completion": "Blood glucose levels (both random capillary and venous blood sugar) and electrolytes are checked to rule out other conditions like diabetes or kidney pathology. Conditions like Cerebral Malaria, meningitis, and toxoplasmosis need to be excluded by conducting appropriate medical investigations. The primary diagnostic test involves the microscopic examination of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) to detect any abnormalities. Specimens should be collected using universal precautions and transported appropriately. Results are typically available within 1 to 3 hours from their arrival in the laboratory."
+  },
+  {
+    "prompt": "What are the references for Epilepsy?",
+    "completion": "1. WHO, Epilepsy in the WHO African Region: Bridging the Gap, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Congo, 2004.\n2. WHO, Epilepsy: a manual for medical and clinical officers in Africa, World health, Geneva 2002."
+  }
+]