diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09469_pg13_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09469_pg13_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5dc2baccaa919d5790c1a53a044df59448c85f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09469_pg13_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +therefore, \(\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\prime})=\langle\boldsymbol{V}_{1}(\mathbf{B}),(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\prime})(\boldsymbol{V}_{1}(\mathbf{B}))\rangle=2\mu_{1}-\omega_{0}\xi\) since \(\mathbf{C}^{\prime}\in C\). So the strict inequality is asserting that \(2\mu_{1}-\omega_{0}\xi<\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\star})\). However, the arguments in Lemmas 4 and 5, that apply to \(\mathbf{C}^{\star}\) (since \(\mathbf{C}^{\star}\in C)\), show that \(\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega\mathbf{C}^{\star})\) is a concave function of \(\omega\) and that the linear function \(2\mu_{1}-\omega\xi\) is an upper bound for it. This violates the strict inequality in: \(\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\prime})=2\mu_{1}-\omega_{0}\xi< \lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\star})\leq2\mu_{1}-\omega_{0}\xi\). Let \(S\) denote the two dimensional subspace spanned by \(\boldsymbol{V}_{1}(\mathbf{B})\text{and}\boldsymbol{V}\text{and}\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime}\) denote the restriction of \(\mathbf{C}^{\prime}\) to this subspace (i.e., \(\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime}\) agrees with \(\mathbf{C}^{\prime}\) for any vector in this subspace and assigns 0 to any element outside). Also \(\boldsymbol{V}_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\prime})\in S\) by the definition of \(\boldsymbol{V}\text{and}\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime})=\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\prime})\). Since \(\mathbf{C}^{\prime}\in C\), its restriction to \(S\) satisfies \(\langle\boldsymbol{V}_{1}(\mathbf{B}),\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime}(\boldsymbol{V}_{1}(\mathbf{B}))\rangle=\xi\). Also, \(\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime}≼\mathbf{B}/2\) since \(\mathbf{C}^{\prime}≼\mathbf{B}/2\). To satisfy the kissing constraint in Properties 2, we can add a component along \(\boldsymbol{V}:\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime\prime}:=\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime}+\delta\boldsymbol{V}\otimes\boldsymbol{V}\in C\) for some \(\delta\geq0\). Since \(\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime\prime}≽\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime}\) we have \(\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime\prime})\leq\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime})\). Proposition 3 establishes \(\mathbf{C}^{\star}\uparrow\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime\prime}\), a relationship that applies to all \(\omega\in[0,2]\), that guarantees: + +\[\begin{aligned} \lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\star})&\leq\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime\prime})\leq\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}_{S}^{\prime}). \\ \text{This is in contradiction with the strict inequality}\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\star})&>\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega_{0}\mathbf{C}^{\prime}). \end{aligned}\] + +Proof of Theorem 1. Theorem 2 implies \(\lambda_{1}(\boldsymbol{B}^{\star}-\omega\boldsymbol{C}^{\star})=\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega\mathbf{C}^{\star})\leq\lambda_{1}(\mathbf{B}-\omega\mathbf{C})\text{for}\omega\in[0,2]\) that establishes \(C(\omega)\geq\lambda_{\text{max}}(\mathbf{A}(\omega))\) based on (14). The covariance \(\boldsymbol{\Sigma}_{k}\) converges to 0 according to the rate given by \(\lambda_{\text{max}}(\mathbf{A}(\omega))\) and the expected error at each step is the trace of \(\boldsymbol{\Sigma}_{k}:\mathbb{E}\left[\Vert\varepsilon_{k}\Vert^{2}\right]=\text{tr}\boldsymbol{\Sigma}_{k}.\text{When}i\) is drawn independently and identically distributed at each step of (1), the geometric rate of convergence is bound by \(C(\omega)\text{for every}\omega\in[0,2]\). + +### 4.4 Perron-Frobenius Theory For Positive Linear Maps + +The superoperator \(\mathbf{A}\) defined in (7) plays the role of the iteration matrix — whose spectrum provides convergence analysis in classical iterative methods [Saad, 2003] — for randomized iterations. In this section we discuss the theoretical foundations that provide necessary properties on the spectrum of \(\mathbf{A}\) in the covariance analysis we have seen. Recall the superoperator \(\mathbf{A}\), for a fixed \(\omega\), denotes a linear map over the space of \(n\times n\) matrices as: + +\[\mathbf{A}(\boldsymbol{X})= \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m}(\boldsymbol{I}-\omega\boldsymbol{P}_{i})\boldsymbol{X}(\boldsymbol{I}-\omega\boldsymbol{P}_{i}).\] + +Since orthogonal projection is a symmetric operator, for any symmetric positive semi-definite matrix \(\boldsymbol{X}\) the operation \((\boldsymbol{I}-\omega\boldsymbol{P}_{i})\boldsymbol{X}(\boldsymbol{I}-\omega\boldsymbol{P}_{i})\) preserves its positivity [Bhatia, 2009]. Hence the superoperator \(\mathbf{A}\) is a positive linear map, leaving the cone of symmetric positive semi-definite matrices invariant. The spectra of positive linear maps on general (noncommutative) matrix algebras was studied in [Evans and Høegh-Krohn, 1978] that generalized the Perron-Frobenius theorem to this context. The spectral radius of a positive linear map is attained by an eigenvalue for which there exists an eigenvector that is positive semi-definite (see Theorem 6.5 in [Wolf, 2012]). The notion of irreducibility for positive linear maps guarantees that the eigenvalue is simple and the corresponding eigenvector is well-defined (up to a sign). What is more is that the eigenvector can be chosen to be a positive definite matrix. This guarantees that the power iterations in (7) converge along this positive definite matrix with the corresponding simple eigenvalue giving the rate of convergence. For a system of equations in \(\boldsymbol{A}\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}\), we examine the irreducibility of its corresponding superoperator \(\mathbf{A}\) for any given relaxation value \(\omega\). The criteria for irreducibility of positive linear maps was developed in [Farenick, 1996] and involve invariant subspaces. A collection \(S\) of (closed) subspaces of the vector space of \(n\times n\) matrices is called trivial if it only contains \(\{\mathbf{0}\}\) and the space itself. Given a bounded linear operator \(\boldsymbol{M}\), let \(\text{Lat}(\boldsymbol{M})\) denote the invariant subspace lattice of \(\boldsymbol{M}\). The following theorem is a specialization of a more general result in [Farenick, 1996] (see Theorem 2) to our superoperator. Theorem 3 (Irreducibility of the superoperator \(\mathbf{A})\). The positive linear map \(\mathbf{A}\) is irreducible if and only if, \(\bigcap_{i=1}^{m}\text{Lat}(\boldsymbol{I}-\omega\boldsymbol{P}_{i})\) is trivial. Based on this theorem, we establish the equivalence of the irreducibility of \(\mathbf{A}\), in the sense of positive linear maps, to a geometric notion of irreducibility defined for alternating projections (2) that is inherently a geometric approach to solving a system of equations \(\boldsymbol{A}\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}\). We recall the Frobenius notion of irreducibility for symmetric matrices. Such a matrix \(\boldsymbol{M}\) is called irreducible if it can not be transformed to block diagonal form by a permutation matrix \(\boldsymbol{\Pi}\): + +\[\boldsymbol{M}=\boldsymbol{\Pi} \begin{bmatrix} \boldsymbol{M}^{\prime} & \mathbf{0} \\ \mathbf{0} & \boldsymbol{M}^{\prime\prime} \end{bmatrix} \boldsymbol{\Pi}^{-1},\] diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09471_pg2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09471_pg2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..efbdec763eed8d7666dedf0091274608b9084637 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09471_pg2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +\(1)\Omega(t,t)=\) id, \(\Omega(t,t_{0})=\Omega(t,s)\Omega(s,t_{0})\text{forall}t,s,t_{0}\in[\tau,\infty)\); + +2. and for almost all \(t,s\in[\tau,\infty)\) it holds that + +\[\frac{\frac{\partial}{\partial\partial}}{\partial s} \overline{t} \Omega^{\Omega}(t^{(},^{t,}s^{s})^{)}=^{=}-^{A}A^{(t}(^{)}s^{\Omega})\Omega^{(t}(^{,}t^{s},^{)}s^{,}).\] (3) + +A non-empty, closed, convex subset \(K\subset\mathscr{H}\) is called a cone, if \(\mathbb{R}_{+}K\subset K\text{and}K\bigcap(-K)=\{0\}\) hold. A cone K is called + +generating if any \(x\in\mathscr{H}\) can be written as \(x=x^{+}-x^{-}\) + +for some \(x^{\pm}\in K\). In a Hilbert space any generating cone is nonflat, that is there exists a constant \(a_{K}>0\), independent + +on x, such that in the representation \(x=x^{+}-x^{-}\) the vectors + +\(x^{\pm}\) can be chosen so that + +\[\Vert x^{\pm}\Vert\leq a_{K}\Vert x\Vert.\] (4) + +The set \(K^{*}=\{f\in L(\mathscr{H};\mathbb{R}):f(K)\subset\mathbb{R}_{+}\}\subset\mathscr{H}^{*}=\mathscr{H}\) is + +called adjoint cone. If K is generating, then \(K^{*}\) is normal, i.e., there is a constant \(b_{K}>0\text{such that}x\in K,y-x\in K\) imply + +\(\Vert x\Vert\leq b_{K}\Vert y\Vert\). A cone K is called selfadjoint if \(K^{*}=K\). In a Hilbert space any selfadjoint cone is normal [13]. Definition 1: Let K be a generating and selfadjoint cone in \(\mathscr{H}\) . System (1) is called Wazewski [14] with respect to K (also called monotone [15]) if its evolution operator \(\Omega\) satisfies \(\Omega(t,s)K\subset K\text{for all}t\geq s\geq\tau\). Definition 2: We say that (1) is stable in K if for any \(\varepsilon>0\) and any \(t_{0}\geq\tau\) there is a \(\delta=\delta(\varepsilon,t_{0})>0\) such that \(x_{0}\in B_{\delta}\cap K\Longrightarrow \Vert x(t;t_{0},x_{0})\Vert<\varepsilon,t\geq t_{0}\); if, in addition, the \(\delta\) can be chosen independent on t0, then (1) is called uniformly stable in K; asymptotically stable in K if it is stable in K and there is \(\eta=\eta(t_{0})>0\text{such that}x_{0}\in B_{\eta}\cap K\Longrightarrow \lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\Vert x(t;t_{0},x_{0})\Vert=0\); if, in addition, \(\eta\) can be chosen independent on t0, then (1) is called uniformly asymptotically stable in K. If any of the above properties holds with \(\mathscr{H}\) on the place of K, then we drop ”in K” in their definitions. Let system (1) be decomposed in two subsystems as follows + +\[\dot{x}_{i}=A_{ii}(t)x_{i}+A_{ij}(t)x_{j},i\neq j,i,j=1,2,(5)\] + +with \(x_{i}\in\mathscr{H}_{i},A_{ij}\in L(H_{j},H_{i})\text{for}i,j=1,2\). Let Ki be a solid selfadjoint cone in \(\mathscr{H}_{i},\text{then}K=K_{1}\bigoplus K_{2}\) is a solid and selfadjoint cone in \(\mathscr{H}\) . Let \(\Omega_{i}\in C([\tau,\infty)\times[\tau,\infty);L(\mathscr{H}_{i}))\) denote the evolution operator of the decoupled subsystem + +\[\dot{y}_{i}=A_{ii}(t)y_{i},y_{i}\in\mathscr{H}_{i},i=1,2\] (6) + +It can be verified by definition that (1), written as (5), is a Wazewski system for the cone K, if and only if + +\[\Omega_{i}(t,s)K_{i}\subset K_{i}\text{and}A_{ij}(t)K_{j}\subset K_{i},t\geq s\geq\tau.(7)\] + +Definition 3: An operator \(O\in L(\mathscr{H}_{j};\mathscr{H}_{i})\) is called positive, if it satisfies \(OK_{j}\subset K_{i}\) and it is denoted by \(O\geq0\). For the evolution operator \(\Omega_{i}\) of (6) let \(\alpha_{i},\beta_{i},\gamma_{i},\delta_{i}\in C([\tau,\infty);\mathbb{R}_{>0})\) be such that + +\[\Vert\Omega_{i}(^{\Vert}t^{\Omega},s^{i})^{(}\Vert^{t,}\leq^{s)\Vert}(\gamma^{\leq_{i}}(t^{\alpha}))^{(_{i_{-}}t_{1})}(^{\beta}\delta_{i}^{(_{i}}(^{s}s^{)})^{,})^{t_{-1}},^{\geq s}s^{\geq}\geq^{\tau}t^{,}\geq\tau,^{(8)}\] + +for example we can fix any \(p\in(s,t)\) and take + +\(\alpha_{i}(t)=\Vert\Omega_{i}(t,p)\Vert,\beta_{i}(s)=\Vert\Omega_{i}(p,s)\Vert\) due to \(\Omega_{i}(t,s)= \Omega_{i}(t,p)\Omega_{i}(p,s)\). Let \(q_{i}\in C([\tau,\infty);\mathbb{R}_{>0})\) be suitable weight functions guaranteeing convergence of the next integrals for \(t\in[\tau,\infty)\) + +\[\begin{aligned} \phi_{i}(t):&=\gamma_{i}^{2}(t)\int_{t}^{\infty}q_{i}(s)\delta_{i}^{2}(s)ds, \\ g_{i}(t):&=\beta_{i}^{2}(t)\int_{t}^{\infty}q_{i}(s)\alpha_{i}^{2}(s)ds. \end{aligned}\] + +## III. MAIN RESULTS + +For simplicity and clearness in this work we consider the case of r = 2 interconnected subsystems in (5). An extension for \(r\in\mathbb{N}\) will developed elsewhere. We introduce the following notation for \(1\leq i\neq j\leq2\): linear weighted integral gains for the interconnection (5) are defined as + +\[\begin{aligned} \pi_{ii}(t_{0})&=2\sup_{tt_{0}}\omega_{i}(t)\beta_{i}^{2}(t) \\ \times\int_{t}^{\infty}\alpha_{i}(s)\Vert A_{ji}(s)\Vert\beta_{j}(s)\int_{s}^{\infty\geq} \frac{\alpha_{i}(p)\alpha_{j}(p)\Vert A_{ij}(p)\Vert}{\omega_{i}(p)} dpds,^{(10)} \end{aligned}\] + +\[\begin{aligned} \pi_{ji}(t_{0})&=2\sup_{tt_{0}}\omega_{i}(t)\beta_{i}^{2}(t) \\ \times\int_{t}^{\infty}\alpha_{i}(s)\Vert A_{ji}(s)\Vert\beta_{j}(s)\int_{s}^{\infty\geq} \frac{\alpha_{i}(p)\alpha_{j}(p)\Vert A_{ji}(p)\Vert}{\omega_{j}(p)} dpds,^{(11)} \end{aligned}\] + +where \(\omega_{i}\) are suitable weight functions, which can help to enable convergence of the integrals. Also for \(f\in C([t_{0},T];L(\mathscr{H}_{i}))\) we introduce the weighted norm + +\[\Vert f\Vert_{\omega_{i},T}:=\max_{t\in[t_{0},T]}\omega_{i}(t)\Vert f(t)\Vert.\] (12) + +Theorem 1: Let (1) be a Wazewski system with respect to a selfadjoint solid cone K and written as (5) with r = 2. Let \(\alpha_{i},\beta_{i},\gamma_{i},\delta_{i}\) be as in (8) and \(\phi_{i},g_{i},q_{i},\omega_{i},\pi_{ij}\) as in (9),(10),(11). + +If the spectral radius of the matrix \(\Pi(t_{0})\in\mathbb{R}^{2\times2}\) defined by the weighted integral gains \(\pi_{ij}(t_{0})\) satisfies + +\[r_{\sigma}(\Pi(t_{0}))<1\] (13) + +then solutions to (1) satisfy the estimate + +\[\Vert x(t;t_{0},x_{0})\Vert\leq2a_{K} \sqrt{\frac{h(t_{0},t_{0})}{\phi(t)}} \exp\left(-\int_{t_{0}}^{t} \frac{q(s)}{2h(s,t_{0})} ds\right)\Vert x_{(^{0}1}\Vert,_{4)}\] + +where + +aK is from \((4),q(t):=\min\{q_{1}(t),q_{2}(t)\}\), \(\phi(t):=\min\{\phi_{1}(t),\phi_{2}(t)\}\text{and}h(t,t_{0}):=\max\{h_{11}(t,t_{0})+\) diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09472_pg15_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09472_pg15_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a2d59df629aa3d6bf8d3891141a288413e26249 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09472_pg15_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# so we can get + +\[\begin{cases} \tfrac{dx_{1}}{dt} =x_{2}+ \tfrac{b_{11}}{b_{10}} x_{1}x_{2}+ \tfrac{b_{20}}{b_{10}^{2}} x_{2}^{2}+ \tfrac{b_{12}}{b_{10}} x_{1}^{2}x_{2}+ \tfrac{b_{21}}{b_{10}^{2}} x_{1}x_{2}^{2}+ \tfrac{b_{30}}{b_{10}^{3}} x_{1}^{3}+O(\Vert x\Vert^{4}) \\ \tfrac{dx_{2}}{dt} =a_{11}x_{1}x_{2}+ \tfrac{a_{20}}{b_{10}} x_{2}^{2}+ \tfrac{a_{21}}{b_{10}} x_{1}x_{2}^{2}+a_{12}x_{1}^{2}x_{2}+ \tfrac{a_{30}}{b_{10}^{2}} x_{2}^{3}+O(\Vert x\Vert^{4}) \end{cases}\] + +\[\begin{cases} x_{3}=x_{1} \\ x_{4}=x_{2}+ \tfrac{b_{11}}{b_{10}} x_{1}x_{2}+ \tfrac{b_{20}}{b_{10}^{2}} x_{2}^{2}+ \tfrac{b_{12}}{b_{10}} x_{1}^{2}x_{2}+ \tfrac{b_{21}}{b_{10}^{2}} x_{1}x_{2}^{2}+ \tfrac{b_{30}}{b_{10}^{3}} x_{1}^{3}+O(\Vert x\Vert^{4}) \end{cases}\] + +\[\begin{cases} x_{1}=x_{3} \\ x_{2}=x_{4}+v_{11}x_{3}x_{4}+v_{02}x_{4}^{2}+v_{21}x_{3}^{2}x_{4}+v_{12}x_{3}x_{4}^{2}+v_{03}x_{4}^{3}+O(\Vert x\Vert^{4}) \end{cases}\] + +# wherein: + +\[\begin{aligned} v_{11}&=- \frac{b_{11}}{b_{10}} ,v_{02}=- \frac{b_{20}}{b_{10}^{2}} , \\ v_{21}&= \frac{b_{11}^{2}-b_{12}b_{10}}{b_{10}^{2}} . \\ v_{12}&= \frac{3b_{11}b_{20}-b_{21}b_{10}}{b_{10}^{3}} ,v_{03}= \frac{2b_{20}^{2}}{b_{10}^{4}} . \end{aligned}\] + +# Substitute the new variables \((x_{3},x_{4})\) into the original system, and we can get: + +\[\begin{cases} \tfrac{dx_{3}}{dt} =x_{4} \\ \tfrac{dx_{4}}{dt} =e_{11}x_{3}x_{4}+e_{02}x_{4}^{2}+e_{21}x_{3}^{2}x_{4}+e_{12}x_{3}x_{4}^{2}+e_{03}x_{4}^{3}+O(\Vert x\Vert^{4}) \end{cases}\] (14) + +# wherein: + +\[\begin{aligned} e_{11}&=a_{11},e_{02}= \frac{a_{20}+b_{21}}{b_{10}} , \\ e_{21}&=a_{12}+ \frac{a_{11}b_{11}}{b_{10}} +a_{11}v_{11}, \\ e_{12}&=a_{12}v_{02}+ \frac{(a_{20}+b_{11})b_{10}+a_{21}b_{10}+2a_{11}b_{20}+a_{20}b_{11}+b_{11}^{2}+2b_{10}b_{12}}{b_{10}^{2}} , \\ e_{03}&= \frac{2(a_{20}+b_{11})b_{10}^{2}v_{02}+a_{30}+b_{21}+2a_{20}b_{20}+b_{11}b_{20}}{b_{10}^{3}} . \end{aligned}\] + +# Then make the following transformation for the system (14): + +\[\begin{cases} x_{5}=x_{3} \\ x_{6}=x_{4}-e_{02}x_{3}x_{4} \end{cases}\] diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09478_pg23_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09478_pg23_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..226850787931f2eba6a6f7df0bef931eda76ea52 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09478_pg23_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +[19] F. A. Potra and V. Pták, Nondiscrete Induction and Iterative Processes, Pitman, Boston, Massachusetts, 1984. + +[20] L. B. Rall, Convergence of the Newton process to multiple solutions, Numer. Math., 9 (1966), pp. 23–37. + +[21] S. J. Reddi, S. Kale, and S. Kumar, On the convergence of adam and beyond, in International Conference on Learning Representations, 2018. + +[22] G. W. Reddien, On Newton’s method for singular problems, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 15 (1978), pp. 993–996. + +[23] H. Royden and P. Fitzpatrick, Real Analysis, Pearson, 4th ed., 2010. + +[24] H. Schwetlick, Numerische Lösung Nichtlinearer Gleichungen, VEB, Berlin, Germany, 1979. + +[25] W. Sun and Y.-X. Yuan, Optimization Theory and Methods: Nonlinear Programming, vol. 1, Springer, 2006. + +[26] J. F. Traub, Iterative Methods for the Solution of Equations, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1964. Reprinted by Chelsea Publishing Company, 1982; Reprinted by AMS Chelsea Publishing, 2016. + +## Appendix A. Q-Superlinear Implies UP-Superlinear. + +Proof of Theorem 3.2. Define + +\[\xi_{k}=\Vert\boldsymbol{x}_{k}-\boldsymbol{x}_{*}\Vert,f(k)=-\ln\xi_{k}.\] + +By Q-superlinear convergence, + +\[\lim_{k\rightarrow\infty} \frac{\xi_{k+1}}{\xi_{k}^{q}} =Q_{q},q>1,00\text{with}|d(k)|\leq M\). Unrolling the recurrence + +\[f(k+1)=qf(k)+d(k)\] + +# yields + +\[f(k)=q^{k-1}f(1)+\sum_{j=1}^{k-1}q^{k-1-j}d(j).\] + +# Dividing by \(q^{k}\), we have + +\[\frac{f(k)}{q^{k}} = \frac{f(1)}{q} +\sum_{j=1}^{k-1} \frac{d(j)}{q^{j+1}} .\] + +# Since the tail of the series is bounded by + +# the limit + +\[\sum_{j=k}^{\infty} \frac{|d(j)|}{q^{j+1}} \leq M\sum_{j=k}^{\infty} \frac{1}{q^{j+1}} ,\] + +\[(\mathrm{A}.2)s=\lim_{k\rightarrow\infty} \frac{f(k)}{q^{k}} = \frac{f(1)}{q} +\sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \frac{d(j)}{q^{j+1}}\] diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09483_pg1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09483_pg1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f42c47788ac5ac8a1b0209f4d6cb77b4ab2087e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09483_pg1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Learning Spatially Adaptive \(\ell_{1}-\)Norms Weights for Convolutional Synthesis Regularization + +| Andreas Kofler | Luca Calatroni | +| --- | --- | +| Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) | MaLGa Center, DIBRIS, | +| Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany | Universita di Genova, | + +andreas.kofler@ptb.de + +| Christoph Kolbitsch | Kostas Papafitsoros | +| --- | --- | +| Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) | School of Mathematical Sciences | +| Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany | Queen Mary University of London | +| christoph.kolbitsch@ptb.de | London, UK | + +Abstract—We propose an unrolled algorithm approach for learning spatially adaptive parameter maps in the framework of convolutional synthesis-based \(\ell_{1}\) regularization. More precisely, we consider a family of pre-trained convolutional filters and estimate deeply parametrized spatially varying parameters applied to the sparse feature maps by means of unrolling a FISTA algorithm to solve the underlying sparse estimation problem. The proposed approach is evaluated for image reconstruction of low-field MRI and compared to spatially adaptive and non-adaptive analysis-type procedures relying on Total Variation regularization and to a well-established model-based deep learning approach. We show that the proposed approach produces visually and quantitatively comparable results with the latter approaches and at the same time remains highly interpretable. In particular, the inferred parameter maps quantify the local contribution of each filter in the reconstruction, which provides valuable insight into the algorithm mechanism and could potentially be used to discard unsuited filters. Index Terms—Neural Networks, Convolutional Dictionary Learning, Sparsity, Adaptive Regularization, Low-Field MRI + +## I. INTRODUCTION + +Convolutional Sparse Coding (CSC) and Convolutional Dictionary Learning (CDL) approaches [1] rely on the assumption that the signal/image of interest \(\mathbf{x}\in\mathbb{R}^{N}\) (or \(\mathbb{C}^{N})\) is well-approximated by a linear combination of convolutions of normalized filters \(d_{k}\in\mathbb{R}^{k_{f}\times k_{f}}\) with sparse feature maps \(\mathbf{s}_{k}\in\mathbb{R}^{N}\) (or \(\mathbb{C}^{N})\text{for}k=1,\ldots,K\), that is + +\[\mathbf{x}\approx\sum_{k=1}^{K}d_{k}*\mathbf{s}_{k},\text{where}\forall k\mathbf{s}_{k}\text{is sparse}.(1)\] + +The project (22HLT02 A4IM) has received funding from the European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and by the Participating States. LC acknowledges the financial support of the European Research Council (grant MALIN, 101117133). + +MMS, Istituto Italiano ` di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy luca.calatroni@unige.it + +k.papafitsoros@qmul.ac.uk + +By enforcing sparsity by means of \(\ell_{1}-\text{regularization}\), given a set of signals \(\{\mathbf{x}_{l}\}_{l=1}^{L}\text{and some}\lambda>0\), the CDL problem can be thus typically formulated as: + +\[\begin{aligned} \min_{\{d_{k}\},\{\mathbf{s}_{k}\}} \frac{1}{2} \sum_{l=1}^{L}\Vert\mathbf{x}_{l}-\sum_{k=1}^{K}d_{k}*\mathbf{s}_{k,l}\Vert_{2}^{2}+\lambda\sum_{l=1}^{L}\sum_{k=1}^{K}\Vert\mathbf{s}_{k,l}\Vert_{(^{1}2)} \\ \text{such that}\Vert d_{k}\Vert_{2}&=1,\forall k=1,\ldots,K. \end{aligned}\] + +In the context of image reconstruction, given possibly incomplete observed data \(\mathbf{y}\in V\) modeled as the noisy output of a linear forward operator A : \(V\rightarrow W\) , CDL and CSC are employed as variational regularization methods, see e.g. [2]: + +\[\begin{aligned} \min_{\mathbf{x},\{d_{k}\},\{\mathbf{s}_{k}\}} \frac{1}{2} \Vert\mathbf{Ax}-\mathbf{y}\Vert_{2}^{2}+ \\ \frac{\alpha}{2} \sum_{k=1}^{K}\Vert\mathbf{x}-d_{k}*\mathbf{s}_{k}\Vert_{2}^{2}+\lambda\sum_{k=1}^{K}\Vert\mathbf{s}_{k}\Vert_{1}^{(3)} \\ \text{uch that}\Vert d_{k}\Vert_{2}&=1,\forall k=1,\ldots,K, \end{aligned}\] + +where \(\alpha>0\) enforces the synthesis constraint. Note that in + +(3) it is implicitly assumed that the underlying sparsifying model is unknown so that the elements \(\mathbf{x},\{d_{k}\},\{\mathbf{s}_{k}\},k= 1\ldots,K\) are reconstructed jointly, typically by alternating the minimization between solving (2) and computing the current update of desired image depending on the estimated dictionary. These methods are thus often referred to as blind Compressed Sensing approaches, see, e.g. [3] for MRI applications. Problem (3) is a non-convex optimization problem whose solution is, typically, computationally demanding, and further requires careful tuning of the regularization parameters \(\lambda,\alpha\), initializations \(\mathbf{x}^{0},\{d_{k}^{0}\},\{\mathbf{s}_{k}^{0}\}\) and, depending on the algorithms considered, possibly also of other parameters coupling the image update and the CSC and CDL, see, e.g. [4] for ADMM schemes. Furthermore, the regularization parameter \(\lambda\) dictates the strength of the imposed regularization in terms of the sparsity of the feature maps only globally and independently diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09486_pg4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09486_pg4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a36da927f8019ad528b19e782ef704f8508cf585 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09486_pg4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +4 3 + +2 + +where \(e_{\gamma,\rho}(x_{1},t_{1},x_{2},t_{2})=-\infty\) for any other choice of \(x_{1},x_{2}\). Then the metric \(e\) arising from planting measures along a finite or countable set of curves is the smallest metric which is bounded below by satisfying \(e\geq d\), and for each curve \(\gamma_{i}\) and planted measure \(\rho_{i},e\geq e_{\gamma_{i},\rho_{i}}\). All metrics not of this form have infinite rate. For each such planted measure, the contribution to the rate function is \(I_{i}= \int\rho \frac{3}{i} dt\), so that the rate function \(I\) of a metric \(e\) is the sum over all planted measures \(I=\sum_{i}I_{i}\). Our goal in this paper is to find the lowest rate metric for which a geodesic \(F\) from \((0,0)\) to \((0,1)\) passes through the point \((1,a)\). Our metrics will generally have a measure planted along just one curve, which will be the geodesic from \((0,0)\) to \((0,1)\). Any measure planted outside of this geodesic will not increase its length, but may increase the length of paths other than \(F\) , which only reduces the possibility of \(F\) being a geodesic, all while increasing the rate. We can then define \(e\text{or}e(F,\rho)\) as the metric arising from planting \(\rho\) along \(F\) , which will be our geodesic. We will in fact prove a result about \(e\): Suppose \(\mathcal{M}_{\varepsilon}\) is a metric sampled from the conditional law of \(\mathcal{L}_{\varepsilon}\), given that the rightmost geodesic \(\gamma\) of \(e\) from \((0,0)\) to \((0,1)\) satisfies \(\gamma(a)\geq1\). + +Theorem 1.3. As \(\varepsilon\rightarrow0,\mathcal{M}_{\varepsilon}\rightarrow e(F,\rho)\) in probability with respect to uniform convergence on bounded sets, with \(F\) as in Theorem 1.2 and \(\rho\) as given by: + +\[\rho(t)= \begin{cases} \frac{1}{a^{2}(3- \sqrt{8a} )^{2}} , & ift\leq2a \\ \frac{2}{at(3- \sqrt{8a} )^{2}} , & if2a\leq t\leq1. \end{cases}\] + +## 2 Solution of a relaxed problem + +One possible candidate for \(F\) is two straight line segments, from \((0,0)\) to \((1,a)\) and from \((1,a)\) to \((0,1),\text{with}\rho\) just sufficient to compensate \(d\), such that \(e(0,0,F(t),t)=0,\forall t\in[0,1]\). However, for \(a< \frac{1}{2}\), this will not be a geodesic: instead, there will be straight lines from \((0,0)\) to a point beyond \((1,a)\) whose Dirichlet length is greater than the length of \(F\) to that point. As a result, the geodesic will skip the steeper line segment to \((1,a)\) and take such a straight line as a shortcut to \(F\) , and then follow part of the other line segment to \((0,1)\). Similarly, if \(a> \frac{1}{2}\), it will follow part of the line segment from \((0,0)\) to \((1,a)\) and then shortcut the steep segment to proceed directly to \((0,1)\). This suggests that we should try to solve for a metric where the segment from \((0,0)\) to \((1,a)\) is not skipped by such a shortcut. In other words, we should ask what is the lowest rate metric for which there is a geodesic candidate \(F\) , so that the distance from \((0,0)\) along \(F\) to any point on \(F\) is greater than the distance of a shortcut from \((0,0)\) to that point. Inspired by this intuition, we will first solve an intermediate optimization problem: fix \(F_{0}\text{and}\rho_{0}\) (and therefore \(e(F_{0},\rho_{0}))\text{for}t\in[0,t_{1}]\). Consider pairs \((F,\rho)\) that agree with \((F_{0},\rho_{0})\text{on}[0,t_{1}]\). Which pair minimizes the rate of the diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09488_pg11_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09488_pg11_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..380524c57c99681fc8afdc316176623573e5b8c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09488_pg11_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +The maps \(L_{I}\rightarrow L_{J}\) here are induced by the ideal inclusions \(O_{\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)}(-D(I))֒\rightarrow O_{\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)}\). We call this screen the universal screen on \(\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)\). Definition 4.2. Let \(X_{n}\) : Set \(\rightarrow\mathbf{Sch}^{op}\) be the functor which sends a scheme \(H\) to the set of screens on \(H\) up to isomorphism of the screen data. Similarly let \(X(I_{1},\ldots,I_{k})\) denote the subfunctor sending \(H\) to the set of screens on \(H\) up to isomorphism which satisfy the \(I_{r}-\)vanishing property for each \(1\leq r\leq k\). Proposition 4.3. The Fulton-MacPherson compactification \(\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)\) represents the functor \(X_{n}\). Furthermore, the natural isomorphism \(\hom(-,\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X))\rightarrow X_{n}\) is given by sending the element \(f:H\rightarrow\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)\) to the pullback to \(H\) of the universal screen on \(\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)\) described above. Similarly \(D(I_{1},\ldots,I_{n})\subseteq\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)\) represents \(X(I_{1},\ldots,I_{k})\). The natural isomorphism is given in the same way here as above. + +Proof. This is theorem 4 in [FM94]. + +### 4.2 Definition and Properties of \(T_{d,n}\) + +In this section we recall some properties of the \(T_{d,n}\) spaces introduced by Chen, Gibney, and Krashen [CGK09]. We also introduce a functor of points for these spaces and use this to define an operad with spaces \(\{T_{d,n}\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\). If \(\text{pr}_{i}:X^{n}\rightarrow X\) denotes the projection to the \(i\):th component it is clear from definitions that the composition + +\[D([n])֒\rightarrow\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)\longrightarrow ^{\rho}X^{n}-^{\mathrm{p}}-^{\mathrm{r}}\rightarrow^{i}X\] + +is independent of the integer \(i\). We denote this morphism by \(\pi:D([n])\rightarrow X\). In [CGK09], Chen, Gibney, and Krashen show that for a fixed \(n\), any smooth scheme \(X\) of dimension \(d\), and any point \(x\in X\), the fibers \(\pi^{-1}(x)\) are isomorphic. We define \(T_{d,n}\text{as}\pi^{-1}(0)\) for the map \(\pi:D([n])\rightarrow\mathbb{A}^{d}\) but by the above we could equally well have taken any other smooth variety instead of \(X=\mathbb{A}^{d}\). Remark. Just like the topological case notice that while we have up until this point indexed coordinates with \([n]\) we are free to use any finite index set \(I\text{and FM}_{I}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)\text{and}T_{d,I}\) together with all related maps and divisors are defined in the analogous way. The variety \(T_{d,n}\) is smooth and comes equipped with a smooth closed subscheme \(T_{d,n}(I)\) for every non empty \(I\subseteq[n].\text{For}I\in P_{2}(n)\), i.e. \(I/=[n]\text{and}|I|\geq2\), we define \(T_{d,n}(I)\) as the pullback of \(D(I)\subseteq\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)\) to \(T_{d,n}\). For other \(I\) (i.e. \(I\) is \([n]\) or a one point set) we take \(T_{d,n}(I):=T_{d,n}\). Similarly, for a collection of (distinct) subsets \(I_{1},\ldots,I_{k}\subseteq[n]\) we define \(T_{d,n}(I_{1},\ldots,I_{k}):=\bigcap_{i}T_{d,n}(I_{i}).\text{For}I/=[n]\text{and}|I|\geq2\) the subscheme \(T_{d,n}(I)\) is a smooth divisor of \(T_{d,n}\) and the union of all these divisors is a smooth normal crossings divisor. Additionally, the intersection \(T_{d,n}(I_{1},\ldots,I_{k})\) is non empty if and only if \((I_{1},\ldots,I_{k})\) is nested. All this essentially follows from the analogous results for \(\text{FM}_{n}^{\mathrm{a}\text{lg}}(X)\) recalled in Section 4.1. Details can be found in [CGK09]. Remark. The reason we include definitions of \(T_{d,n}(\{i\})\text{and}T_{d,n}([n])\) is that this will simplify the notation for some later results. The first goal of this section will be to give a functor of points description of the schemes \(T_{d,n}(I_{1},\ldots,I_{k})\). For this I will introduce the following Definition 4.4. For a scheme \(H\), an integer \(d\), and a finite, non-empty, set \(I\) with at least two element we let \(F^{H,d}\) + +denote the quasi-coherent sheaf of modules defined by + +\(I\) + +Here \(\Bigg\langle\) + +\[\{t_{ij}^{k}\}_{i,j\in I}^{1\leq k\leq d}\] + +\[F_{I}^{H,d}:=\left\langle\{t_{ij}^{k}\}_{i,j\in I}^{1\leq k\leq d}\right\rangle\Big/\sim.\] + +\(\Bigg\rangle\) denotes the free module with generators \(t_{ij}^{k}\text{and}\sim\) is generated by sections of the form \(t_{ij}^{k}+t_{jl}^{k}-t_{il}^{k}\). We will also denote this by \(F_{I}^{d}\text{or}F_{I}\text{if}H\text{or}H,d\) are clear from context. diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09500_pg70_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09500_pg70_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63b4adad4729869395f4af1e439baa7dbb7882be --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09500_pg70_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +Corollary 11.7. Suppose that \(f^{\prime}=\sum_{\tau}p_{\tau,!}(f^{\tau})\text{and}\tilde{f}\) is a nice transfer. Then we have the identity + +\[\frac{1}{2^{1-|S|}L(0,\eta)} \sum_{\tau\in\mathcal{V}_{n}(E/F)}\sum_{\Pi}J_{\Pi}^{\tau,\tau_{0}}(f^{\tau})=\sum_{\pi}I_{\pi}(\tilde{f}),\] + +where the left-hand sum ranges over irreducible cuspidal representations \(\Pi\) of \(\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{E})\) with central character \(\omega^{\prime}\) and the right-hand sum ranges over irreducible cuspidal automorphic representations of \(\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{F})\) with central character \(\omega or\omega\eta\). + +To obtain the necessary refined comparison, we make another use of [Ram18, Theorem A]. We introduce the following terminology to simplify a few statements. + +Definition 11.8. Fix a character \(\omega\) of \(Z(\mathbb{A}_{F})\) and set \(\omega^{\prime}=\omega\circ\text{Nm}_{E/F}\) . Fix a split place \(v_{1}\) and a supercuspidal representation \(\pi_{v_{1}}\) of \(\text{GL}_{n}(F_{v_{1}})\). We say that the functions + +\[\tilde{f}\in C_{c}^{\infty}(\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{F})\times\mathbb{A}_{F,n})\text{and}\{f^{\tau}\}_{\tau\in\mathcal{V}_{n}(E/F)}\subset C_{c}^{\infty}(\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{E}))\] + +are efficient transfers for \((\omega,\pi_{v_{1}})\) if they give a \(\omega-\)nice transfer such that \(f_{v_{1}}\in C_{c}^{\infty}(\text{GL}_{n}(F_{v_{1}}))_{\Omega}\) where \(\Omega\) is the block of \(\pi_{v_{1}}(f_{v_{1}}\) is said to be essentially a matrix coefficient of \(\pi_{v_{1}}\) in this case) and that \(f\tau_{nv_{1}}\) is related to \(f_{v_{1}}\) as in Proposition 9.12; note that this implies that \(f_{v_{1}}^{\tau}\) is essentially a matrix coefficient of the base change \(\Pi_{v_{1}}\simeq\pi_{v_{1}}\otimes\pi_{v_{1}}\) of \(\pi_{v_{1}}\). + +Making use of the strong multiplicity one theorem [Ram18, Theorem A], we may separate the terms in the preceding sum. For a cuspidal automorphic representation \(\Pi\) of \(\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{E})\), we denote by \(\mathcal{B}(\Pi)\) the (finite) set of cuspidal automorphic representations \(\pi\) of \(\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{F})\) such that \(\Pi=\text{BC}_{E}(\pi)\). We have the following comparison of relative characters. + +Proposition 11.9. For almost all split places \(v\), we fix an irreducible unramified representation \(\pi_{v}^{0}\). For a fixed split place \(v_{1}\), we fix a supercuspidal representation \(\pi_{v_{1}}\) of \(\text{GL}_{n}(F_{v_{1}})\). Then there exists at most one cuspidal automorphic representation \(\Pi\) of \(\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{E})\) such that if \(\tilde{f}\text{and}\{f^{\tau}\}_{\tau\in\mathcal{V}_{n}(E/F)}\) are efficient transfers for \((\omega,\pi_{v_{1}})\), then + +\[\frac{1}{2^{1-|S|}L(0,\eta)} \sum_{\tau\in\mathcal{V}_{n}(E/F)}J_{\Pi}^{\tau,\tau_{0}}(f^{\tau})=\sum_{\pi\in\mathcal{B}(\Pi)}I_{\pi}(\tilde{f}),\] + +where the sum on the right runs over all cuspidal automorphic representations \(\pi\) of \(\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{F})\) such that + +\((1)\pi_{v}\cong \pi_{v}^{0}\) for almost all split \(v\), + +\((2)\pi_{v_{1}}\) is our fixed supercuspidal representation, + +and where \(\Pi=\text{BC}_{E}(\pi)\) is the base change of any \(\pi\) appearing in the sum. + +Remark 11.10. Note that the comparison above is vacuous unless \(\pi=\bigotimes_{v}\pi_{v}\) is \(\text{GL}_{n}-\)elliptic at some split place \(v_{2}\) (this is built into the requirement that \(\tilde{f}\text{and}\{f^{\tau}\}_{\tau\in\mathcal{V}_{n}(E/F)}\) are efficient transfers). By Lemma 11.16, it suffices for \(\pi_{v_{2}}\) to be supercuspidal. diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09519_pg7_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09519_pg7_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93b815e5b96295fb01a96611f21a300879d5ba0d --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09519_pg7_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +[^10]: -10 + +[^10]: -10 + +4000 + +6000 + +8000 + +10000 + +(b) + +| 10 -15 | | | | | | 10 -15 | | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | +| | | | | | | 10 -20 | | +| 10 -20 | | | | | | | | +| | | | | | | 10 -25 | | +| 10 -25 | | | | | | 10 -30 | | +| | | | | | | 10 -35 | | +| | 100 | 200 | 300 (a) | 400 | 500 | | 2000 | + +Figure 6: The values of \(\Delta_{p}(t;1/2,2)\). The top curve corresponds to \(p=8\) implemented in double precision, the middle curve in gray color (the bottom curve) correspond to \(p=8\) and (respectively, \(p=12)\) impemented in quadruple precision. + +was chosen because \(\zeta(s)\) does not grow too rapidly as \(t\rightarrow+\infty\) in this strip, unlike in any strip where \(\text{Re}(s)<1/2\). The results of these computations are presented in Figure 6. The top graph shows the error \(\Delta_{8}(t;1/2,2),\text{where}\zeta_{8}(s)\) was implemented in double precision (the benchmark values \(\zeta(s)\) were computed in higher precision). We observe that rounding errors dominate the approximation error for \(t>200\). These rounding errors primarily arise when computing \(\chi(s)\) and evaluating the values of \(n^{-s}\text{and}n^{s-1}\text{for}s=\sigma+\mathrm{i}t\) with even moderatly large \(t\). Indeed, it is easy to verify numerically that when computing the value of \(2^{\mathrm{i}t}\) in double precision for \(t\) of the order 102, precision of the result will be around \(10^{-14},\text{and when}t\) increases to 103, the precision drops to about \(10^{-13}\). This suggests that we lose one decimal digit of precision every time \(t\) increases by a factor of ten. Precision is also lost due to cancellation errors when we add many terms in the main sum in (3), though this effect likely plays a lesser role compared to rounding errors. The middle graph in Figure 6 (shown in gray) displays the errors \(\Delta_{8}(t;1/2,2)\), where this time \(\zeta_{8}(s)\) was implemented in quadruple precision. We observe that rounding errors do not affect the results in this range of \(t\). The quadruple precision implementation of \(\zeta_{8}(s)\) produces errors smaller than \(10^{-13}\) for \(t>250\) and smaller than \(10^{-15}\text{for}t>2000\) in the strip \(1/2\leq\sigma\leq2\). Of course, when \(t\) becomes very large (of the order 10[^10] or greater), rounding errors will eventually become noticeable. The bottom graph on Figure 6 shows the errors \(\Delta_{12}(t;1/2,2)\) for the quadruple precision implementation of \(\zeta_{12}(s)\). These errors are significantly smaller: we find that \(\Delta_{12}(t;1/2,2)<10^{-25}\text{for}t>5000\). The effects of rounding errors become clearly noticeable for \(t>2000\), though they do not pose a significant issue in this range, as the maximum approximation error remains larger than the rounding errors. However, when \(t\) reacher 105 or greater, rounding errors will dominate the approximation error, and the graph will resemble the top graph (though with a much smaller overall error, of order \(10^{-27})\). Now that we have (hopefully) convinced the reader of the accuracy of our approximations, it is time to discuss how they were derived and to present an algorithm for computing the coefficients \(\omega_{p,j}\text{and}\lambda_{p,j}\). diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09528_pg16_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09528_pg16_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16d04dca9f10a10c2b0ab9f507863b992fa9ad59 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09528_pg16_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
0.5
-0.51.01.0
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0.50.5
-0.50.51.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
-1.0-0.5
-0.5
-1.0
-1.0
(a) Missing 0(b)Missing 1(c) Missing 2
1.01.0
0.50.5
-0.5 0.51.0 1.52.0 2.5-0.5 0.51.01.52.0 2.5
-0.5-0.5
-1.0-1.0
(d) Missing 1 + i(e) Missing 2 + i
+ +Figure 3. Base \(b=1+2i\) with all possible one missing digit. + +- of Hausdorff the metric. With one missing digit, \(C_{b,D}\) is \(1/N^{1/2}(b)-\) close to \(C_{b,D_{b}}.\) Notice that \(C_{b,D}\) is self-similar whose contraction ratio is \(1/N^{1/2}(b)\). From here, we see that the thickness of \(C_{b,D}\) is at least \(c_{d}N^{1/2}(b)\) for some constant \(c_{d}>0.\) The thickness estimate holds for all \(C_{b,D,j}\) because of the self-similarity. However, we cannot directly use Theorem 11 to obtain intersections between different missing digit sets without checking the conditions (2,3). Consider different integers \(b_{1},\ldots,b_{k}\in\mathbb{Z}[i]\) with large enough norms so that Theorem 11 applies. Consider the logarithmic map + +\[\log:a\in\mathbb{Z}[i]\rightarrow(\log|a|,\arg a)\in(0,\infty)\times\mathbb{T}.\] + +The first component is the standard log for positive numbers. The second component is the argument of \(a\) as a complex number.3 For simplicity, let us first look at the two integers \(b_{1},b_{2}.\) We claim that there are infinitely many positive rational integer pairs \((l_{1},l_{2})\) such that \(b_{1}^{l_{1}}/b_{2}^{l_{2}}\) is close to one. In fact, consider the set + +\[P=\{b_{1}^{l_{1}}/b_{2}^{l_{2}}:(l_{1},l_{2})\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}^{2}\}\subset\mathbb{C}.\] + +3In general, such a logarithmic map can be defined in each Galois embedding individually. diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09536_pg7_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09536_pg7_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2733112d7b044f15a5c91d5f89cccc00dbb4e2d --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09536_pg7_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +We also denote the induced pairing by \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle_{A}\), which satisfies + +\[(2.24)\langle m,\phi\rangle_{A}=\sum_{i=1}^{k}a_{i}(\phi(q_{i})-\phi(p_{i})),m=\sum_{i=1}^{k}a_{i}(\delta_{q_{i}}-\delta_{p_{i}})\in A_{0}(X,e),\phi\in\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X),\] + +understanding that \(\phi(e)=0\). Proposition 2.11. Let \(X\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}\) be a closed set and \(e\not\in X\). Then, + +(a) \(A(X,e)\cong Æ(X)\) via \(m\mapsto m\) + +\(X\text{for}m\in A_{0}(X,e)\), extending by density, + +\[(\mathrm{b})\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)\simeq Æ(X)^{*}\text{via}\phi\mapsto(m\mapsto\langle m,\phi\rangle_{Æ}).\] + +Proof. By [Wea18, Thm. 3.3, Cor. 3.4], the pairing (2.24) extends to an isometric isomorphism \(A(X,e)^{\sim^{*}}=\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)\). In particular this implies that for \(m\in Æ_{0}(X,e)\), + +\[\Vert mX\Vert_{\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)^{*}}=\sup\{|\langle m,\phi\rangle_{A}|:\Vert\phi\Vert_{\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)}\leq1\}=\Vert m\Vert_{A}.\] (2.25) + +\[\begin{aligned} X&\in Æ_{0}(X) \\ \langle mX,\phi\rangle_{Æ} \end{aligned}\] + +Hence it follows that \(A(X,e)\cong Æ(X)\) by sending each \(m\in A_{0}(X,e)\) to \(m\) and extending by density, thereby proving (a). Since we also have \(\langle m,\phi\rangle_{A}=\langle m\) for all \(m\in A_{0}(X,e)\text{and}\phi\in\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)\), it follows that \(Æ(X)^{\sim^{*}}=\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)\) via the pairing \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle_{Æ}\), establishing (b). + +- + +Example 2.12. If \(X\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}\) is closed, we have \(\mathcal{M}(X)\subset Æ(X)\), by noting for that each \(\mu\in\mathcal{M}(X)\), the mapping \(\phi\mapsto\int_{X}\phi d\mu\) is well-defined and weakly\(-^{*}\text{continuous on Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)\). However this space is strictly larger in general; if \(a\in X\) is an accumulation point of \(X\), then we can find a sequence \((a_{k})_{k}\subset X\) converging to \(a\text{such that}a_{k}\neq a\text{for all}k\). By passing to a subsequence if necessary, assume that \(\sum_{k}|a_{k}-a|<\infty.\text{Then}m=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}(\delta_{a_{k}}-\delta_{a})\in Æ(X)\) by noting the series converges absolutely in Lip\((_{\mathrm{b}}X)^{*}\). Lemma 2.13. Let \(X\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}\) be any set, and \(\phi_{k},\phi\in\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X).\text{Then},\text{as}k\rightarrow\infty\), + +\[(2.26)\phi_{k}⇀^{*}\phi\text{in Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)\Longleftrightarrow \begin{cases} \phi_{k}\rightarrow\phi\text{uniformly on bounded subsets of}X, \\ \sup_{k}\Vert\phi_{k}\Vert_{\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)}<\infty. \end{cases}\] + +Proof. Using the identification Lip\((_{\mathrm{b}}X)\cong \text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}( \overline{X} )\), we can assume without loss of generality that \(X\) is closed. If \(\phi_{k}⇀^{*}\phi\text{weakly}^{*}\text{in Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)\), by the Banach-Steinhaus theorem, we have \(\Vert\phi_{k}\Vert_{\text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(X)}\) is uniformly bounded in \(k\). Then by applying the Arzelà-Ascoli theorem, there is a subsequence \(\phi_{k_{j}}\) which converges uniformly to \(\phi\text{on}X\cap B_{M}(0)\) for each \(M\in\mathbb{N}\), and hence \(\phi_{k_{j}}\rightarrow\phi\) uniformly on bounded subsets of \(X\). Since the limit is unique, this convergence also holds for the entire sequence \(\phi_{k}\). Conversely since Lip\((_{\mathrm{b}}X)\) is the dual of a separable space, the weak∗-topology is compact and metrisable on norm-bounded subsets (see e.g. [Bre11, Thm. 3.16, 3.28]). Therefore \(\phi_{k}\) admits a weakly∗-convergent subsequence, but since this limit is uniquely determined as \(\phi\) using the uniform convergence, the entire sequence \(\phi_{k}\) converges weakly∗ to \(\phi\). + +- + +We will often use Lemma 2.13 with \(X=[0,1]\), noting that Lip\((_{\mathrm{b}}[0,1])=\mathrm{W}^{1,\infty}((0,1))\). For general open sets \(U\) however, we have a slightly different characterisation for weak∗ convergence in \(\mathrm{W}^{1,\infty}(U)\). Lemma 2.14. Let \(U\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}\) be an open set. Then if \(\phi_{k},\phi\in\mathrm{W}^{1,\infty}(U),\text{as}k\rightarrow\infty\), + +\[\phi_{k}⇀^{*}\phi\text{in W}^{1,\infty}(U)\Longleftrightarrow \begin{cases} \phi_{k}\rightarrow\phi\text{pointwise}, \\ \sup_{k}\Vert\phi_{k}\Vert_{\mathrm{W}^{1,\infty}(U)}<\infty. \end{cases}\] (2.27) + +In addition, the space \(\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{b}}^{1}(U)\) is sequentially weakly∗ dense in \(\mathrm{W}^{1,\infty}(U)\). We note that \(\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{b}}^{1}(U)\not\subset \text{Lip}_{\mathrm{b}}(U)\) in general, so we do not get an analogous density statement there. Also the below proof shows in fact that \(\phi_{k}\rightarrow\phi\) locally uniformly in \(U\) in (2.27), however pointwise convergence will suffice for our purposes. diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09548_pg18_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09548_pg18_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25d120afacf0a7d7797a92ef234c879143603a1f --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09548_pg18_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +Let \(u\text{and}v\) be primitive elements such that \(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\in\langle u\rangle\text{and}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1}\in\langle v\rangle\). Applying Proposition 5.1 to \(y\) and using Lemma 2.2, we obtain that + +\[\begin{aligned} \mathbb{E}_{u}\otimes\mathbb{E}_{v}(y) \\ &=c_{e,e}^{2}e\otimes e+c_{t_{1}^{n},e}^{2}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes e+c_{e,t_{2}^{m}}^{2}e\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1}+c_{(t_{1}^{n},t_{2}^{m})}^{2}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1} \\ &=0+0+0+c_{(t_{1}^{n},t_{2}^{m})}^{2}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1}\in\mathcal{A}. \end{aligned}\] + +Since \(c_{(t_{1}^{n},t_{2}^{m})}\neq 0\), we get that \(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1}\in\mathcal{A}\). Now, replacing \(h_{1},h_{2}\) by \(h_{1}^{2}\) and \(h_{2}^{2}\) respectively, and using the same argument (noting that \(\langle t_{i},h_{i}^{2}\rangle\cong \mathbb{F}_{2}\) for each \(i=1\) and 2), we get that + +Consequently, + +\[t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{2}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-2}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-2}\in\mathcal{A}.\] + +\[\begin{aligned} (h_{1}\otimes h_{2})(h_{1}t_{1}^{-n}h_{1}^{-1}t_{1}^{n}\otimes h_{2}t_{2}^{-m}h_{2}^{-1}t_{2}^{m})(h_{1}^{-1}\otimes h_{2}^{-1}) \\ &=h_{1}^{2}t_{1}^{-n}h_{1}^{-1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes h_{2}^{2}t_{2}^{-m}h_{2}^{-1}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1} \\ &=h_{1}^{2}t_{1}^{-n}h_{1}^{-2}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes h_{2}^{2}t_{2}^{-m}h_{2}^{-2}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1} \\ &=(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{2}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-2}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-2})^{-1}\left(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1}\right)\in\mathcal{A}. \end{aligned}\] + +Therefore, \(h_{1}t_{1}^{-n}h_{1}^{-1}t_{1}^{n}\otimes h_{2}t_{2}^{-m}h_{2}^{-1}t_{2}^{m}\in\mathcal{A}\). Hence, + +\[t_{1}^{2n}\otimes t_{2}^{2m}=(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1})(h_{1}t_{1}^{-n}h_{1}^{-1}t_{1}^{n}\otimes h_{2}t_{2}^{-m}h_{2}^{-1}t_{2}^{m})\in\mathcal{A}.\] + +Therefore, \(\mathbb{E}_{t_{1}}\otimes\mathbb{E}_{t_{2}}(a)(h_{1}t_{1}^{2n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes h_{2}t_{2}^{2m}h_{2}^{-1})\in\mathcal{A}\). Observe that + +\[\mathbb{E}_{t_{1}}\otimes\mathbb{E}_{t_{2}}(a)(h_{1}t_{1}^{2n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes h_{2}t_{2}^{2m}h_{2}^{-1})=\sum_{k,l\in\mathbb{Z}}c_{t_{1}^{k},t_{2}^{l}}t_{1}^{k}h_{1}t_{1}^{2n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{l}h_{2}t_{2}^{2m}h_{2}^{-1}.\] + +Let \(u^{\prime}\text{and}v^{\prime}\) be primitive elements such that \(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{2n}h_{1}^{-1}\in\langle u^{\prime}\rangle\text{and}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{2m}h_{2}^{-1}\in\langle v^{\prime}\rangle\). Using Proposition 5.1, and Lemma 2.2, we see that + +\[t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{2n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{2m}h_{2}^{-1}= \frac{1}{c_{t_{1}^{n},t_{2}^{m}}^{2}} \mathbb{E}_{u^{\prime}}\otimes\mathbb{E}_{v^{\prime}}\left(\mathbb{E}_{t_{1}}\otimes\mathbb{E}_{t_{2}}(a)(h_{1}t_{1}^{2n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes h_{2}t_{2}^{2m}h_{2}^{-1})\right)\in\mathcal{A}.\] + +We recall that \(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1}\in\mathcal{A}\). Therefore, + +\[\begin{aligned} (t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{2n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{2m}h_{2}^{-1})(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1})^{-1} \\ &=t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{2n}h_{1}^{-1}h_{1}t_{1}^{-n}h_{1}^{-1}t_{1}^{-n}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{2m}h_{2}^{-1}h_{2}t_{2}^{-m}h_{2}^{-1}t_{2}^{-m} \\ &=t_{1}^{n}h_{1}t_{1}^{n}h_{1}^{-1}t_{1}^{-n}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2}t_{2}^{m}h_{2}^{-1}t_{2}^{-m} \\ &=(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2})(t_{1}^{n}\otimes t_{2}^{m})(t_{1}^{n}h_{1}\otimes t_{2}^{m}h_{2})^{-1}\in\mathcal{A}. \end{aligned}\] + +- + +Since \(\mathcal{A}\) is invariant, it follows that \((g,h)=t_{1}^{n}\otimes t_{2}^{m}\in\mathcal{A}\). The claim follows. Since property-AP is preserved under extensions, \(\Gamma\) has property-AP, and we can argue as before to conclude the proof. Remark 5.5. Our proof will show that \(\Gamma=\Gamma_{1}\times\Gamma_{2}\times\ldots\times\Gamma_{n}\) has \(C^{*}-\text{ISR}\) property if every \(\Gamma_{i}\) is a torsion-free non-amenable acylindrically hyperbolic group with property-AP. diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09549_pg3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09549_pg3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e090d0fe3cfdcddf197f27b6fe8f9402a9d33ad4 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09549_pg3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +## 2. Stochastic control problem + +As already mentioned in the introduction, the turnpike phenomenon is a significant principle in optimal control theory. In fact, it establishes that during a specific interior subinterval of a given time horizon, the dynamic control strategy can be approximated with arbitrary precision by the solution of a (generally less complex) static optimization problem. This insight greatly reduces the computational effort typically associated with dynamic control strategies. In our framework, we start by considering the continuous trajectories of the interacting agents. We denote by \(x_{k}(t)\in\mathbb{R}^{d}\) the position of agent \(k\) at time \(t\), with \(k=1,\ldots,N\), and the time interval is defined as \([t_{0},T]\). The dynamics of the agents are described by the following stochastic differential equation (SDE) + +\[dx_{k}(t)=\left( \frac{1}{N} \sum_{\ell=1}^{N}p(x_{k}(t),x_{\ell}(t))(x_{\ell}(t)-x_{k}(t))+u_{k}(t)\right)dt+\sigma dW_{k}(t),(1)\] + +where the term \(\sigma dW_{k}(t)\) represents the stochastic noise component, with \(W_{k}(t)\) being standard \(d-\)dimensional independent Brownian motions. The initial condition for each agent \(k\) is given by \(x_{k}(t_{0})=x_{k}^{0}\in\mathbb{R}^{d},\text{where}x_{k}^{0}\) is a stochastic variable, accounting for randomness in the initial state distribution. The interaction between agents is mediated by a nonlinear interaction kernel \(p(x_{k}(t),x_{\ell}(t))\) which describes the forces governing their behavior. For further examples and theoretical background, we refer to [7]. The system operates within a well-defined probabilistic framework. Let \((\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P})\) be a complete probability space, where \(\Omega\) represents the sample space, \(\mathcal{F}\) is the \(\sigma-\)algebra of measurable events, and \(\mathbb{P}\) is the probability measure. The stochastic processes \(W_{k}(t)\), are adapted to the filtration \(\mathbb{F}=(\mathcal{F}_{t})_{t\geq t_{0}}\), which represents the natural filtration generated by the Brownian motions. This filtration captures all the information available up to time \(t\), ensuring that the evolution of the stochastic processes depends on the past without anticipating future information. The dynamics of the agents are thus driven by both deterministic controls \(u_{k}(t)\) and the stochastic influences represented by the Brownian motions \(W_{k}(t)\). The control \(u_{k}(t)\) is applied individually to each agent, with the aim of minimizing a cost functional over a finite time horizon. The control objective is to drive the system towards a desired state \(\bar{x}\in\mathbb{R}^{d}\) while minimizing the associated cost. The latter (to be minimized with respect to the control term) incorporates a tracking term, which measures the deviation of each agent from the desired state \(\bar{x}\), and a regularization term to penalize the magnitude of the control. Specifically, the cost functional, which depends on \(\boldsymbol{x}=(x_{1},\ldots,x_{N}),\boldsymbol{u}=(u_{1},\ldots,u_{N})\), is given by + +\[\begin{aligned} \mathcal{C}(\boldsymbol{x},\boldsymbol{u})&=\int_{\Omega}\int_{t_{0}}^{T} \frac{1}{N} \sum_{k=1}^{N}\left(\Vert x_{k}(t,\omega)-\bar{x}\Vert^{2}+\gamma\Vert u_{k}(t)\Vert^{2}\right)dtd\mathbb{P}(\omega) \\ &=\mathbb{E}\left[ \frac{1}{N} \int_{t_{0}}\sum_{k=1}^{TN}\left(\Vert x_{k}(t)-\bar{x}\Vert^{2}+\gamma\Vert u_{k}(t)\Vert^{2}\right)dt\right]. \end{aligned}\] (2) diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09550_pg2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09550_pg2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42a2b113275f9ea58656278782734f1b391d1afd --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09550_pg2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +Cutoff describes a phase transition: as we run the family of Markov chains on \(X_{n}\), the total variation distance is almost equal to 1, and then suddenly it drops and approaches zero as \(n\) goes to infinity. The formal definition of cutoff is given below. + +Definition 2. A family of Markov chains on \(X_{n}\) is said to have cutoff at time \(t_{n}\) with window \(w_{n}=o(t_{n})\) if and only if + +\[\lim_{c\rightarrow\infty n}\lim_{\rightarrow\infty}d_{x}^{(n)}(t_{n}-cw_{n})=1\text{and}\lim_{c\rightarrow\infty n}\lim_{\rightarrow\infty}d_{x}^{(n)}(t_{n}+cw_{n})=0,\] + +where \(d_{x}^{(n)}(t)\) denotes the total variation distance of the \(n-\)th Markov chain after \(t\) steps starting at \(x\). + +Given a Markov chain exhibiting cutoff, one can ask for more precise control on the exact distance from stationarity. This is known as the limit profile with respect to the sequences \((t_{n})\text{and}(w_{n})\), defined as: + +\[\Phi_{x}(c):=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}d_{x}^{(n)}(t_{n}+cw_{n}),\text{for all}c\in\mathbb{R},\] (1) + +if this limit exists. The limit profile is known for only a few Markov chains, such as the riffle shuffle [2], the asymmetric exclusion process on the segment [4], the simple exclusion process on the cycle [14], and the simple random walk on Ramanujan graphs [16], etc. Teyssier [25] determined the limit profile for random transpositions. Using representation theory of the symmetric group \(S_{n}\), he used Fourier transform arguments for studying limit profiles that work for random walks on groups using a generating set that is a conjugacy class. The same limit profile is proved to be true for the \(k-\)cycle card shuffle [18], under the assumption that \(k=o(n)\) and for star transposition [17]. Olesker–Taylor and Schmid also studied the limit profile for the Bernoulli–Laplace chain [21]. In Section 6 we give a more extensive presentation of the above results. Furthermore, if \(P\) is aperiodic, irreducible and reversible on \(X\), then the spectrum of \(P\) satisfies + +\[-1<\beta_{|X|}\leq\ldots\leq\beta_{2}<\beta_{1}=1,\] + +and there is an orthonormal eigenbasis \(\{f_{j}:X_{n}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\}\). The main assumption on \(P\) is that there is a continuous (or bounded) function \(g\text{on}\mathbb{R}\) such that + +\[\limsup_{n\rightarrow\infty}w_{n}^{2}\sum_{i=2}^{|X_{n}|}f_{i}(x)^{2}(1-\beta_{i})^{2}e^{-2(t_{n}+cw_{n})(1-\beta_{i})}\leq g(c),\] (2) + +for all \(c\in\mathbb{R}\). + +Theorem 3. Let \(P_{n}\) be the transition matrix of a reversible Markov chain on \(X_{n}\) that exhibits cutoff at \(t_{n}\) with window \(w_{n}\) and satisfies (2). Assume that \(\Phi_{x}\), the total variation limit profile with respect to the sequences \((t_{n})\text{and}(w_{n})\) at \(x\), exists. Then \(\Phi_{x}\) is continuous for every + +\[x\in X.\] diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09552_pg18_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09552_pg18_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..52fa72528db02130277d98f8e84d09dccf11899e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09552_pg18_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +Notice firstly that \(\alpha_{j}+\gamma_{j}\) separates the surface \(S\), meaning that \(\alpha_{j}+\gamma_{j}=0\in H_{1}(S)\), or in other words, + +\[-\alpha_{j}=\gamma_{j}=\tau_{*}(\alpha_{j}),\] (4.3) + +where \(\tau_{*}\) denotes the automorphism of \(H_{1}(S)\) induced by \(\tau\) , i.e. \(\tau_{*}=\Psi(\tau)\). Notice secondly that \(\beta_{j}\) was sent to its inverse, or in other words, + +\[-\beta_{j}=\tau_{*}(\beta_{j}).\] (4.4) + +We’ve shown that equations (4.3) and (4.4) hold for all odd \(j\) inside \(\{1,...,n\}\). Now, by braid and disjointness relations, we have that + +\[cbabcb=cbacbc=cbcabc=bcbabc,\] + +but then, since \(cbabcb=\tau\) has order 2, we know \(cbabcb\) is equal to its own inverse, and thus + +\[cbabcb=(bcbabc)^{-1}=c^{-1}b^{-1}a^{-1}b^{-1}c^{-1}b^{-1}.\] + +This shows that every right Dehn twist in \((cab)^{2}\) can be replaced with a left Dehn twist and vice versa, and nothing will change. Therefore, if \(j\in\{1,...,n\}\) is even, \((cab)^{2}\) will affect the curve \(\alpha_{j}\text{and}\beta_{j}\) in the exact same manner as what is depicted in Figure 6 and Figure 7. We conclude that equations (4.3) and (4.4) hold for all \(j\in\{1,...,n\}\) and hence, \(\Psi(\tau)=\tau_{*}=-\text{Id}_{2n}\in\text{Sp}_{2n}(\mathbb{Z})\), as required. The proof above can be utilized to prove a slightly more precise corollary which will come in handy in the next section. For the following result, we let \(\lambda\) denote the homeomorphism of \(S\) given by the following rotation by 180°: + +\(\square\) + +Figure 8 + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Corollary 4.2 (Corollary of the previous proof). Let \(S\) be a closed surface of genus \(n\) and let \([\lambda]\in\text{Mod}(S)\) denote the mapping class of \(\lambda\). We have that \([\lambda]=(cab)^{2}\in\Theta_{n}^{1}\). + +Proof. Consider the following simple closed curves in \(S\), which satisfy the assumptions required for the Alexander method [1, Section 2.3]: + +Figure 9 + +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09565_pg19_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09565_pg19_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e3a8a9ea75cf56c3307916fb1160be3b2883028 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09565_pg19_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +With these lemmas at hand, we now prove our main theorem by an inductive argument. In particular, we show that the following two families of Gaussian processes, introduced in Section 4, remain non-degenerate throughout training: + +\[\begin{aligned} \{\widehat{Z}^{W_{0}^{l}\delta x_{s}^{l-1}(\xi_{i})}\}_{i\in[m],s\in[t],2\leq l\leq L}, \\ \{\widehat{Z}^{W_{0}^{l\top}dh_{s}^{l}(\xi_{i})}\}_{i\in[m],s\in[t],2\leq l\leq L}. \end{aligned}\] (C.1) (C.2) + +Recall that a Gaussian process is non-degenerate if its covariance matrix \(C\) at any finite collection of points satisfies \(\det(C)\neq 0\) (Adler and Taylor, 2009). Using the filtration framework introduced in Section 4, our proof follows the natural flow of computation in the network, proceeding layer by layer and separately handling forward and backward passes. We break this into four key steps, each building upon the results of previous steps: + +- Step 1: prove non-degeneracy for the features in the first hidden layer \(\widehat{Z}^{W_{0}^{2}\delta x_{s}^{1}(\xi_{i})}\). This forms our base case as it only depends on the input data and network initialization, providing the foundation for our inductive argument. + +- Step 2: prove non-degeneracy for the features in remaining layers \(\widehat{Z}^{W_{0}^{l}\delta x_{s}^{l-1}(\xi_{i})},3\leq l\leq L\). This step leverages the non-degeneracy established in Step 1 and shows how it propagates through deeper layers of the network. + +- Step 3: prove non-degeneracy for the gradients in the last layer \(\widehat{Z}^{W_{0}^{L\top}dh_{s}^{L}(\xi_{i})}\). Here we transition from analyzing forward features to backward gradients, showing how the established feature properties ensure meaningful gradient flow. + +- Step 4: prove non-degeneracy for the gradients in remaining layers \(\widehat{Z}^{W_{0}^{l\top}dh_{s}^{l}(\xi_{i})},2\leq l\leq L-1\). Finally, we complete our analysis by showing how gradient non-degeneracy propagates backward through the network, ensuring effective training dynamics at all layers. + +The proof proceeds by induction on the time step \(t\), where at each step we verify these properties hold across all layers. This structure allows us to carefully track how the non-degeneracy property is maintained as information flows both forward and backward through the network during training. This systematic proof structure allows us to establish the global property of non-degeneracy by carefully tracking local changes at each layer and time step. We now proceed with the detailed proof. + +Proof of Theorem 4.5. Considering Trajectory Until Error Signals Vanish. Throughout this proof, we focus on the training trajectory up to the time when all error signals \(\mathring{\chi}_{t,i}\) become zero. This is because once the error signals vanish, there are no further parameter updates, and the training dynamics remain static thereafter. Our analysis ensures that up to this point, the Gaussian processes governing the feature and gradient updates remain non-degenerate, thereby maintaining the linear independence of features across all layers. Connecting \(\widehat{Z}^{W\delta x}\) to \(h^{l}\mathbf{and}x^{l}\). Recall from Section 3 that each pre-activation \(h^{l}(\xi)\) and post-activation \(x^{l}(\xi)\) can be decomposed into a primary Gaussian increment plus lower-order (history-dependent) terms in the infinite-width limit: Because these additional terms do not alter the essential covariance structure when conditioned on past information (they vanish or become deterministic in the limit), the linear (in)dependence diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09571_pg3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09571_pg3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67d7c470ace7da3b14ba978b6864425a15c3d900 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09571_pg3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## 2 The Mandelstam Region + +A symmetric \(n\times n\) matrix \(S=[s_{ij}]\) of \(\text{rank}r\) is said to be a Mandelstam matrix if + +- the diagonal entries are non-negative, \(s_{ii}\geq0\text{for}i=1,\ldots,n\); and + +- it has precisely one positive eigenvalue and \(r-1\) negative eigenvalues. + +We denote the set of all Mandelstam matrices of \(\text{rank}r\) by \(\mathcal{M}_{n,r}\). This is a semialgebraic set in \(\mathbb{R}(_{2}^{n+1})\), the space of all symmetric matrices. The following is the Mandelstam analogue of the familiar characterization of positive semidefinite matrices in terms of principal minors. Lemma 2.1. A symmetric \(n\times n\) matrix \(S\) is Mandelstam if and only if + +\[(-1)^{|I|-1}\det(S_{I})\geq0\text{for all}I\subseteq[n],\] (4) + +where \(\det(S_{I})\) are the principal minors of \(S\). + +Proof. This follows from the general results in [6]. We refer to Baker’s exposition in [3]. The key step is Cauchy’s interlacing theorem [12]. This states that the eigenvalues of \(S_{I}\) interlace the eigenvalues of \(S_{J}\text{whenever}I\subset J\). Hence, if \(S_{I}\) has at most one positive eigenvalue then so does \(S_{J}\). But \(S_{J}\) cannot have all negative eigenvalues because its trace is non-negative. + +The name of our matrices refers to the physicist Stanley Mandelstam (1928–2016) who is credited for introducing the variables \(s_{ij}\) in the context of scattering amplitudes. In [14] the role of \(\mathcal{M}_{n,r}\) as a kinematic space is recognized. A term more familiar to mathematicians might be “Lorentzian matrices.” These encode Lorentzian quadratic forms [5, 6]. We here use the term Lorentzian matrix for a Mandelstam matrix whose entries \(s_{ij}\) are all non-negative. Mandelstam matrices arise as Gram matrices of momentum vectors in \(\mathbb{R}^{1+d}\) with the + +Lorentzian inner product. A non-zero momentum vector is any vector \(p\in\mathbb{R}^{1+d}\) of the form + +\[p=\lambda(1,x_{1},\ldots,x_{d}),\] (5) + +for some scalar \(\lambda\neq 0,\text{and}x=(x_{1},\ldots,x_{d})\) in the closed unit ball \(\mathbb{B}^{d}=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}:||x||\leq1\}\). + +Given \(n\) momentum vectors, \(p^{(i)}\), their Gram matrix \(S=[s_{ij}]\) has entries \(s_{ij}=p^{(i)}\cdot p^{(j)}\). This is the matrix in (1). The entries of \(S\) may now be written as + +\[s_{ij}=\lambda_{i}\lambda_{j}\left(1-\langle x^{(i)},x^{(j)}\rangle\right)\] (6) + +Here · is the Lorentz inner product on \(\mathbb{R}^{1+d}\text{and}\langle,\rangle\) is the Euclidean inner product on \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\). + +Lemma 2.2. A symmetric \(n\times n\) matrix \(S\) is Mandelstam, i.e. \(S\) lies in the region \(\mathcal{M}_{n,\leq1+d}\), if and only if it is the Gram matrix of \(n\) momentum vectors in \((1+d)-\)dimensional spacetime. + +Proof. Assume that \(S\) has no zero rows or columns. For the only-if direction, take a Mandelstam matrix \(S\). By Lemma 2.1 and diagonalization of symmetric matrices, it can be factorized as in (1). Namely, we write \(S=MDM^{T}\) , where \(D=\text{diag}(1,-1,-1,\ldots,-1)\). Let the diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09574_pg27_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09574_pg27_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c3a7ea998e68a84e5f0a41dc4781575532a7009 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09574_pg27_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +and then observing that the canonical function of \(Y\) writes as \(k(x)=\lambda e^{Ax-B|x|}\), implying + +\(\tau_{+}^{-A}=\tau_{-}^{A}=\lambda\delta_{B}\). The Dirac integration to which (5.25) reduces, produces + +\[k_{\rho}(x)=\lambda e^{(A^{2}-B^{2})x/2}=\lambda e^{-\theta_{+}\theta_{-}x/2}.\] (5.27) + +Therefore, the bilateral gamma process can be represented in law as \(Y_{t}=W_{T_{t}}+(\theta_{-}-\theta_{+})t/2\) where \(\mathcal{L}(T_{1})\sim\Gamma(\lambda,\theta_{+}\theta_{-}/2)\). This has been known and used at least since Madan et al. (1998). Example 10. Subordinated representation of \(\text{CTS}_{\alpha}\) processes. Madan and Yor (2008) through a series of propositions covering a substantial part of the article, explain how to represent a \(\text{CTS}_{\alpha}(\mathbb{R})\) process as a subordinated Brownian motion with drift. Based on the discussion so far, the main Proposition 2 therein trivialize. First of all notice that the assumptions in Theorem 6 are met also in the case of \(\text{CTS}_{\alpha}(\mathbb{R})\) processes with symmetric spherical part. Namely, assuming \(\lambda_{+}=\lambda_{-}\) and letting again \(A=(\theta_{-}-\theta_{+})/2,B=(\theta_{-}+\theta_{-})/2\), leads to \(k(x)= x^{-\alpha}e^{Ax-B|x|}\), so that using the Thorin measure found in Subsection 4.3 we deduce the required + +density relationship \(\tau_{+}^{-A}(y)=\tau_{-}^{A}(y)=\lambda(y-B)^{\alpha-1}(\Gamma(\alpha))^{-1}1_{\{y\geq B\}}\). It then follows from + +Corollary 6, and with the substitution \(w=(s-B) \sqrt{x}\), that + +\[\begin{aligned} k_{\rho}(x)&=\lambda \frac{e^{xA^{2}/2}}{\Gamma(\alpha)} \int_{x/^{B}2}^{\infty}e^{- \frac{s^{2}x}{2}}(s-B)^{\alpha-1}ds=\lambda \frac{e^{(A^{2}-B^{2})x/2}}{\Gamma(\alpha)x^{\alpha/2}} \int_{0}^{\infty}e^{- \frac{w2}{2} -wB \sqrt{x}}w^{\alpha-1}dw \\ &=\lambda \frac{e^{-\theta_{+}\theta_{-}}}{x^{\alpha/2}} H_{-\alpha}\left( \frac{\theta_{+}+\theta_{-}}{2} \sqrt{x} \right) \end{aligned}\] (5.28) + +where \(H_{a},a<0\), is the Hermite function, given by + +\[H_{a}(z)= \frac{1}{\Gamma(-a)} \int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-x^{2}/2-xz}x^{-a-1}dx,z>0.\] (5.29) + +The corresponding Lévy density coincides with that determined in Madan and Yor (2008), Proposition 2. + +Example 11. Subordinated representation of generalized\(-z\) processes. Let \(\mu\in\text{GZD}_{G}(\mathbb{R})\) with + +Lévy measure of the form (4.20), i.e. \(c(\pm1)=c_{\pm}>0,\sigma(\pm)=\sigma>0\text{and}\lambda(du)=\lambda(\delta_{1}(du)+ \delta_{-1}(du)),\lambda>0\). We can rewrite again \(k(x)=e^{Ax/\sigma-B|x|/\sigma}/(1-e^{-|x|/\sigma}),A=(c_{-}-c_{+})/2\), + +\(B=(c_{-}+c_{+})/2\) so we are under the assumption of Theorem 6. Based on (4.22) and (5.25), integrating term by term the series results in + +\[\begin{aligned} k_{\rho}(x)&=\lambda e^{\overline{2\sigma^{2}}}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty_{\underline{A^{2}x}}}\exp\left(-x \frac{(k+B)^{2}}{2\sigma^{2}} \right)=\lambda\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\exp\left(-x \frac{k^{2}+2Bk+B^{2}-A^{2}}{2\sigma^{2}} \right) \\ &=\lambda\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\exp\left(-x \frac{(k+c_{+})(k+c_{-})}{2\sigma^{2}} \right). \end{aligned}\] (5.30) + +The subordinator is then of the form of an infinite GGC convolution of gamma processes + +\(G^{k}=(G_{t}^{k})_{t\geq0},k\geq0,\mathcal{L}(G_{1}^{k})\sim\Gamma\left(\lambda, \frac{(k+c_{+})(k+c_{-})}{2\sigma^{2}} \right)\) whose limit in law is not otherwise known. diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09577_pg20_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09577_pg20_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37b8dff267e0bba878c6b7da0bfef67db5ed1980 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09577_pg20_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +with global minima at index \(i_{0}\) there are exactly \(\sum_{i=1}^{i_{0}-1}(k-1)k^{i-1}\) descents by Theorem 5.3. The number of inversions can be expressed through the values of the permutation before the minimum: \(I(k,n,w)=^{k}\) + +\[\tfrac{(^{n}k-1)}{4} \sum_{i=1}^{n}(k^{n-i}-k^{n-i-(c_{w})_{i}})= \tfrac{k^{n}(k-1)}{4} \sum_{i=1}^{i_{0}-1}\] + +\((_{i=1}k^{n-i}-k^{n-i-w_{i}+1})\). Now, we describe some bounds on the number of descents and inversion in the stable configuration depending on the permutation. We start with permutations with an increasing tail. + +Proposition 6.1. Given permutation \(w\), if there exists an \(i_{0}\in\mathbb{N}\) such that for all indices \(i\geq i_{0}\), we \(\big)\sum^{i_{0}-1}\) + +\[k_{i=1}^{i_{0}-1i-1}\left(_{2}^{k^{n-i}}\right)\] + +have \(w_{i}0.5\), unless it is already of size \(h_{f}\), and similarly coarsen an element \(o\text{if}\eta_{o}<0.1\), unless it is already of size \(h_{c}\). For simplicity we assume from now on that \(\Omega=\prod_{i=1}^{d}(0,L_{i})\subset\mathbb{R}^{d},\text{with}L_{1}\geq L_{2}\geq\cdots \geq L_{d}\), and then let \(h_{f}= \frac{L_{d}}{N_{f}} ,h_{c}= \frac{L_{d}}{N_{c}}\) for two chosen integer parameters \(N_{f}>N_{c}\). Here, unless otherwise specified, for the computations with a phase field parameter \(\varepsilon=(2^{k}\pi)^{-1},k\in\mathbb{N}\), we choose \(N_{f}=8N_{c}=2^{3+k}L_{d}\). This ensures that the interfacial regions are accurately resolved, while using a relatively coarser mesh in the pure regions. For the time discretization we choose \(\tau=10^{-3}\), unless stated otherwise. The nonlinear system of equations arising at each time level of (6.1) are solved with the help of Newton’s method. The resulting linear systems at each iteration in two spatial dimensions are solved by direct factorization using the package UMFPACK, see [15], and in three spatial dimensions with a \(V\) -cycle multigrid solver using a block Gauss–Seidel smoother. For the initial data \(\varphi_{0}\) we in general choose a diffuse interface representation of a desired sharp interface, with signed distance function \(d_{0}: \overline{\Omega} \rightarrow\mathbb{R}\). In particular, unless otherwise stated, we let + +\[\varphi_{0}(x)=\tanh\left( \frac{d_{0}(x)}{\varepsilon \sqrt{2}} \right).\] (6.2) + +For the definition of \(S_{2}\) in (2.2), recall (2.4), we need to specify \(K_{\pm}\text{and}L\). For convenience, for the numerical simulations to follow, we will define the relations \(\rho_{\pm}= \frac{K_{\pm}}{2\beta}\) , diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09588_pg25_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09588_pg25_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f20c5d0edd62cf9a8bd401d17449d942ddcf1b0e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09588_pg25_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Clearly, if \(D_{i}^{\prime}\) contains both vertices of \(Y,D_{i}\) contains vertices on either halfspace of \(H_{k}\text{in}C_{0}\). Since \(D_{i}\cap C_{0}\) is convex in \(C_{0},D_{i}\) contains an edge dual to \(H_{k}\), thus \(D_{i}^{\prime}\cap C=C\) is the edge \(\overline{e}\) dual to \(H_{k}\text{in}Y\) : the intersection is convex in \(C\). Otherwise, \(D_{i}^{\prime}\) contains only one vertex of \(Y\) , and the intersection \(D_{i}^{\prime}\cap C\) is this vertex, which is convex in \(C\). Moreover, in all cases, \(\iota_{0}\circ c(D_{i}^{\prime})=\iota_{0}\circ c_{0}(D_{i})=\mathbb{S}_{\Delta_{i}}\). This proves that \(D_{i}^{\prime},c\text{and}\iota_{0}\) satisfy Assumptions \((a)\text{and}(b)\) of Proposition 5.6, \((1.)\). Since \(H_{k}\not\in K\), edges of \(X\) dual to \(H_{k}\) are not in \(C_{k}\). Choose such an edge \(e\) and \(p\) a geodesic path in \(C_{k}\) with the same endpoints. The projection of \(p\text{in}Y\) joins the two vertices of \(Y\) , thus some edge of \(p\) does not project to a loop in \(Y\) . Let \(K_{k}\in K\) be a hyperplane dual to such an edge. By Lemma 2.15, every hyperplane of \(X\) transverse to \(H_{k}\) is transverse to \(K_{k}\). In particular, \(H_{k}\text{and}K_{k}\) are not transverse. Symmetrically, choose an edge \(f\text{in}X\) dual to \(K_{k}\text{and}q\) a geodesic path in \(C_{0}\) with the same endpoints. As before, some edge of \(q\) does not project to a loop in \(Y\) , thus has its endpoints in opposite halfspaces of \(H_{k}\text{in}C_{0}\). This edge of \(q\) must then be dual to \(H_{k}\). By Lemma 2.15 again, every hyperplane of \(X\) transverse to \(K_{k}\) is transverse to \(H_{k}\). By specialness of \(Y\) , there is a single edge \(\overline{f}\) dual to \(K_{k}\text{in}Y\) , and every cube spanned by the edge dual to \(H_{k}\) and other edges corresponds to a unique cube spanned by the edge dual to \(K_{k}\) and other edges and vice-versa. Therefore, there exists an involutive combinatorial automorphism \(\alpha\) of \(Y\) that exchanges \(\overline{e} \text{and} \overline{f}\) while fixing both vertices and all the other oriented edges. This proves that the collapse \(c^{\prime}:Y\rightarrow S_{1}\) of \(K_{k}\text{in}Y\) is a homotopy equivalence. Besides, \(\alpha\) induces an isomorphism \(\overline{\alpha} :S_{0}\rightarrow S_{1}\) in the sense that \(c^{\prime}\circ\alpha= \overline{\alpha} \circ c\). In particular, \(\iota_{1}= \iota_{0}\circ \overline{\alpha}^{-1} :S_{1}\rightarrow S_{0}\rightarrow\mathbb{S}\) is a combinatorial isomorphism, and \(\iota_{1}\circ c^{\prime}=\iota_{0}\circ c\circ \alpha^{-1}\). Moreover, letting \(c_{1}:X\rightarrow S_{1}\) be the collapse of \(\{H_{1},\ldots,H_{k-1},K_{k}\},c_{1}\) is a composition \(c^{\prime}\circ d\) of homotopy equivalences, hence a homotopy equivalence itself. Recall that \(\overline{e} \text{and} \overline{f}\) are the only edges of \(Y\) dual to \(H_{k}\text{and}K_{k}\) respectively. Assume \(\overline{e}\) is in \(D_{i}^{\prime}\). Then some edge \(e^{\prime}\) parallel to \(e\) is in \(D_{i}\). Let \(p^{\prime}\) be a geodesic path in \(C_{k}\) joining the endpoints of \(e^{\prime}\). By convexity of \(D_{i}\cap C_{k},p^{\prime}\) is contained in \(D_{i}\). By Corollary 2.16, every edge of \(p\) is parallel to an edge of \(p^{\prime}\). In particular, \(D_{i}\) contains some edge dual to \(K_{k} \underline{.} \text{In}Y\) , its image \(D_{i}^{\prime}\) then contains \(\overline{f}\), the only edge dual to \(K_{k}\). Symmetrically, if \(\overline{f}\) is in \(D_{i}^{\prime}\) then so is \(\overline{e}\). Therefore, the 1-skeleton of \(D_{i}^{\prime}\) is \(\alpha-\text{invariant}\), and by local convexity of \(D_{i}^{\prime}\), the whole subcomplex \(D_{i}^{\prime}\) is \(\alpha-\text{invariant}\). In particular, \(\iota_{1}\circ c^{\prime}(D_{i}^{\prime})=\iota_{0}\circ c(D_{i}^{\prime}) \underline{=} \mathbb{S}_{\Delta_{i}}\). Moreover, if \(D_{i}^{\prime}\) contains both vertices of \(Y,D_{i}^{\prime}\) contains \(\overline{e}\), hence contains \(\overline{f}\) as well. Thus, the intersection of \(D_{i}^{\prime}\) with the vertex preimage \(C^{\prime}= \overline{f}\) of \(c^{\prime}\) is convex in \(C^{\prime}\). This proves that \(D_{i}^{\prime}\), \(c^{\prime}\text{and}\iota_{1}\) satisfy Assumptions \((a^{\prime})\text{and}(b^{\prime})\) of Proposition 5.6, \((1.)\). By Proposition 5.6, \([(\iota_{0})_{*}\circ(c_{0})_{*}\circ((\iota_{1})_{*}\circ(c_{1})_{*})^{-1}]=[(\iota_{0})_{*}\circ(c)_{*}\circ((\iota_{1})_{*}\circ (c^{\prime})_{*})^{-1}]\in\mathcal{U}(A_{\Gamma};\mathcal{G})\). Thus \([(\iota_{1})_{*}\circ(c_{1})_{*}\circ((\iota_{k})_{*}\circ(c_{k})_{*})^{-1}]\in\mathcal{U}(A_{\Gamma};\mathcal{G})\) as well. Both collapses \(c_{1},c_{k}\) factor through the collapse of \(\{K_{k}\}\) and its \(\text{range}X^{\prime}\). The induction now proceeds in \(X^{\prime}\). + +- + +Lemma 5.8. Let \(X\) be a spatial cube complex, and let \(H_{a},H_{b},H_{c},H_{d}\) be four distinct hyperplanes of \(X\). Assume that both collapses \(c_{ab}:X\rightarrow S_{ab}\) of \(\{H_{a},H_{b}\}\) and \(c_{cd}:X\rightarrow S_{cd}\) of \(\{H_{c},H_{d}\}\) are homotopy equivalences with range isomorphic to \(\mathbb{S}\). Then, up to exchanging \(H_{a}\text{and}H_{b}\), both collapses \(c_{ac}:X\rightarrow S_{ac}\) of \(\{H_{a},H_{c}\}\) and \(c_{bd}:X\rightarrow S_{bd}\) of \(\{H_{b},H_{d}\}\) are homotopy equivalences with range isomorphic to \(\mathbb{S}\). diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09589_pg3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09589_pg3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffb180d47293d947a01bc6265b01bcd7401e4f1d --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09589_pg3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +3. We return to the assumptions on \(\sigma\text{and}F\) with more details in the next subsection. See Remarks & Examples 3.1 in [MMM11] for a discussion of assumptions about the cross section, and Lemma 6.1 in the same reference for the proof of statements in some cases. + +Formally, passing to the limit when \(\varepsilon\rightarrow0\) in equation (1.1), we obtain that the limit \(f^{0}\) is in the kernel of \(Q\) which is spanned by the equilibrium \(F\) , which means that \(f^{0}=\rho(t,x)F(v)\). Thus, it amounts to find the equation satisfied by the density \(\rho\). This question of approximation of kinetic equations by macroscopic equations has a long history, dating back to the pioneering works of E. Wigner [WB61], A. Bensoussan et al. [BLP79], as well as E.W. Larsen and J.B. Keller [LK74]. Since then, numerous papers have addressed this topic (for further references, see the papers by C. Bardos et al. [BSS84], and P. Degond et al. [DGP00]). The resulting equations fall into two categories, depending on the rate of decrease in velocity of the equilibrium \(F\) . It is well-known (see [DGP00] for instance) that when \(F\) decreases rapidly for large velocities (such as when \(F\) follows a Maxwellian distribution function), the distribution function \(f^{\varepsilon}\) converges to \(\rho(t,x)F(v)\text{as}\varepsilon\) goes to 0, for the classical scaling \(\theta(\varepsilon)=\varepsilon^{2},\text{with}\rho\) being the solution of the diffusion equation + +\[\partial_{t}\rho-\nabla_{x}\cdot(D\nabla_{x}\rho)=0,\] (1.5) + +where + +\[D=\int_{\mathbb{R}^{d}}(v\otimes v) \frac{F(v)}{\nu(v)} dv.\] + +When \(F\) decreases slowly and it is a heavy tail distribution function, satisfying + +\[F(v)\sim \frac{\kappa}{|v|^{d+\alpha}} \text{as}|v|\rightarrow\infty\] (1.6) + +for some \(\alpha>0\), the previous diffusion matrix \(D\), given by (1.5) might be infinite. In that case, the diffusion limit leading to (1.5) breaks down, which means that the choice of time scale \(\theta(\varepsilon)=\varepsilon^{2}\) was inappropriate. It has been shown in [MMM11] and [Mel10], using different methods and under various assumptions, that in such cases, the appropriate time scale involves the parameter \(\alpha\), which appears in the equilibrium. More specifically, for \(\theta(\varepsilon)=\varepsilon^{\gamma}\text{with}\gamma\) depends on \(\alpha\), the following fractional diffusion equation is obtained + +\[\partial_{t}\rho+\kappa(-\Delta_{x})^{\frac{\gamma}{2}}\rho=0,\] (1.7) + +where the fractional Laplacian appearing in the previous equation can be defined by the following singular integral + +\[(-\Delta_{x})^{\frac{\gamma}{2}}u(x):=c_{\alpha,d}\text{PV}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{d}} \frac{u(x)-u(y)}{|x-y|^{d+\gamma}} dy.\] + +Let us now discuss in more detail the contexts of the last two references cited. In [MMM11], the authors addressed the problem in the space homogeneous case (that is with \(\sigma\) independent of \(x)\). They prouved that when \(F\) satisfies (1.6) and the collision frequency \(\nu\) satisfies + +\[\nu(v)\sim\nu_{0}|v|^{\beta}\text{as}|v|\rightarrow\infty,\] + +then for \(\alpha>0\text{and}\beta<\min(\alpha;2-\alpha)\), and by taking \(\gamma:= \frac{\alpha-\beta}{1-\beta}\) , the scaling \(\theta(\varepsilon)=\varepsilon^{\gamma}\) leads to the previous fractional diffusion equation. While in [Mel10], the same problem has been addressed but for a cross section which depends on the position variable \(x\) but assuming that the collision frequency is bounded, more precisely + +\[0<\nu_{1}F(v)\leqslant\sigma(x,v,v^{\prime})\leqslant\nu_{2}F(v),\] (1.8) + +i.e. for \(\beta=0\) compared to the case of [MMM11], which gives in particular, + +\[0<\nu_{1}\leqslant\nu(x,v)\leqslant\nu_{2}.\] (1.9) diff --git a/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09591_pg20_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09591_pg20_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7da4a4d3424d6d6d5bfa9b7ae21c2387aed0eb72 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/arxiv_math/2503.09591_pg20_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +### 4.3 Proof of Upper Bound of Theorem 2 + +We aim to prove Theorem 2 by induction \(n\). Clearly it is enough to show Theorem 2 for all induced subgraphs of \(\Lambda_{U}\). The base cases are when \(n\leq7\), which are easily verified. For the inductive step, suppose \(n\geq8\text{and}\Lambda_{U}[S]\) is an \(n-\)vertex subgraph of \(\Lambda_{U}\text{with}e\) edges. Additionally, suppose \(\Lambda_{U}[S]\) has the maximum number of edges out of all \(n-\)vertex subgraphs of \(\Lambda_{U}\). The inductive + +hypothesis is that all \(n^{\prime}-\)vertex subgraphs of \(\Lambda_{U},\text{where}3\leq n^{\prime} This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +Values concerning item bank building (item linking, -calibration, equating) + +
item bank building (evaluation)result
testformsitems/formexamineesitems/bank
matrice test761229.728456
analogy test252412.548254
arithmetic test321817.008288
+ +In a further step the adaptive 2 PL-algorithm was evaluated in combination with the three item banks mentioned above. Hence 8000 examinees (draftees) worked on the usual conventional test battery. Additionally, they received one of the three tests which corresponded to one test in the test battery. The additional test was administered as an adaptive one. + +The aim of adaptive testing in the testing situation is to gain maximum information with minimum effort. Hence the examinees should be given only those items that meet the person's level of functioning, so that the items will be solved in about fifty percent of the cases. If that holds, irrelevant items can be economized on, and, as one of various merits, it can be expected that adaptive testing, particularly the 2 PL, will need much less items as against conventional tests based on classical test theory. The conventional tests of our test battery consist of 20 items each with moderate reliability (\(r_{tt} = 0.74\) to \(r_{tt} = 0.88\)). Figure 1 is based on the compound result of the three tests. It shows the joint distribution of the adaptive items needed to reach a reliability of \(r_{tt} > 0.84\) for each person. This reliability is associated with a standard error of measurement of SEM = 0.39 for this sample. With the appearance of variance in the answer vector, the SEM is calculated whenever a person answers an administered item within the adaptive testing procedure. Before testing, the SEM value is fixed on a corresponding desired reliability level (in this case \(r_{tt} = 0.84\)). This cut-off value serves as stop criterion of the adaptive procedure as soon as the SEM falls below. + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/00c67a6c7c38a95cd639846dbf764936713de0d9_page_12_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/00c67a6c7c38a95cd639846dbf764936713de0d9_page_12_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78c65c8f1b196f428a3cd4832a5c831073108126 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/00c67a6c7c38a95cd639846dbf764936713de0d9_page_12_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +ation. Variation happens readily in such markets. In contrast, selection is difficult because it is challenging to figure out which experience should be generalized from the extensive situation-specific knowledge that occurs. Which of the many experiences should be incorporated into the ongoing routines for the capabilities and which should be forgotten? The temptation is to generalize too quickly, and so to churn capabilities too often on the basis of idiosyncratic events (Gersick, 1994; Sastry, 1999). Finally, the order of implementation of dynamic capabilities is consequential. That is, dynamic capabilities are often combinations of simpler capabilities and related routines, some of which may be foundational to others and so must be learned first. Brown and Eisenhardt (1997) termed this property ‘sequenced steps.’ In their study of multiple product development processes in six firms in the computer industry, they observed that multiple product development required the combination of three simpler dynamic capabilities: single product development, probing the future and linking routines from one product development project to the next. Managers who built an effective dynamic capability to develop multiple products did so according to ‘sequence steps’ that had to be executed in the proper order. Single product development skills needed to come first to provide the platform for future products, then skills related to probing the future for new product opportunities, and finally time-pacing skills to create a product development rhythm connecting current products to future ones. Similarly, in his study of Hyundai, Kim (1998) found an appropriate sequencing of the learning of capabilities from the simpler and more predictable capabilities around manufacturing process creation to the more improvisational design ones in the development of design routines. Thus, effective implementation requires knowing both the ingredients (i.e., key commonalities of capabilities) and the recipe (i.e., order of implementation). + +# DISCUSSION + +The purpose of this paper is to explore dynamic capabilities and more generally, RBV. In addressing this agenda, we focused on the nature of dynamic capabilities, the impact of market dynamism, and their evolution. Our observations link to several research areas. Our work suggests reframing the concept of dynamic capabilities. Dynamic capabilities are not tautological, vague, and endlessly recursive as some have suggested (e.g., Priem and Butler, 2000; Williamson, 1999). Rather, they consist of many well-known processes such as alliancing, product development, and strategic decision making that have been studied extensively in their own right, apart from RBV. Their value for competitive advantage lies in their ability to alter the resource base: create, integrate, recombine, and release resources. Dynamic capabilities also exhibit commonalities across firms that are associated with superior effectiveness. So while the specifics of any given dynamic capability may be idiosyncratic to a firm (e.g., exact composition of a cross-functional product development team) and path dependent in its emergence, ‘best practice’ exists for particular dynamic capabilities across firms. These commonalities imply that dynamic capabilities are equifinal such that firms can develop these capabilities from many starting points and along different paths. They are also more homogeneous, fungible, and substitutable than is usually assumed. Overall, these observations suggest a modified conception of dynamic capabilities. Our work also suggests an expanded view of routines (Cyert and March, 1963; Nelson and Winter, 1982; Winter and Szulanski, 1999). We argue that, in moderately dynamic markets, routines in the form of dynamic capabilities are embedded in cumulative, existing knowledge. They involve analysis using existing knowledge and rules of thumb, followed by implementation. When this existing knowledge is codified, the resulting routines are often detailed and specific with predictable outcomes (Helfat, 1997; Nelson and Winter, 1982). Therefore, in moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities exhibit the properties suggested in the traditional research where effective routines are efficient and robust processes (Cyert and March, 1963; Nelson and Winter, 1982). In contrast, in high-velocity markets, dynamic capabilities rely extensively on new knowledge created for specific situations. Routines are purposefully simple to allow for emergent adaptation, although not completely unstructured. Since new knowledge must be rapidly gained in each new diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0122f0392fefbab563f5bcb7c9374008ecb74667_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0122f0392fefbab563f5bcb7c9374008ecb74667_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6ea6b8f2359b2f691e258a571b933d8d65232a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0122f0392fefbab563f5bcb7c9374008ecb74667_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Interdisciplinary studies may have a positive impact on the development of law and facilitate its continuous adjustment to complex challenges.[^15] Chapters 8 and 9 note that the practice of international tribunals and courts consolidates customary principles and rules of fresh water law. Moreover, judicial and diplomatic means exist to assist States in the resolution of water conflicts. Dispute settlement provisions are contained in the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes adopted under the aegis of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE Water Convention) and the 1997 UN Watercourses Convention.16 Contrary to the case of the law of the sea, for example, in fresh water law there are no generally agreed upon compulsory methods producing final and binding solutions. In certain treaties or cases, however, the litigant States have agreed or agree on jurisdictional methods of settlement, through the application of conventional and customary rules of international law.17 Chapter 9 explores conflict related to the development of hydropower installations. The production of hydroelectricity is becoming increasingly attractive to States. However, hydroelectric projects involve enormous investment and have significant impacts: social, economic, environmental and others. When hydroelectric power generation projects are constructed and operated on international watercourses, disputes between riparians often arise. International courts and tribunals have had to consider the rights of use of riparian states on transboundary rivers in the context of disputes concerning hydroelectricity projects. They have dealt with the antagonism between, on the one hand, the permanence and need for stability for the construction and operation of hydroelectric projects and, on the other hand, the development of international law and the changing scientific and environmental conditions and values concerning the transboundary rivers.18 + +## 3. SPECIFIC REGIMES OF FRESH WATER RESOURCES + +Section 3 continues with the analysis, focussing on specific fresh water governance regimes. Chapter 12 gives an in-depth analysis of the right to water. Several international documents have recognized this right. These include the + +[^15]: A Correia Lima Macedo Franca, ‘“Glocal” water management and regional + +organizations: multi-level law and transjuridicty’ infra Chapter 7. 16 A Tanzi, ‘Diplomacy, responsibility and accountability in transboundary water disputes’ infra Chapter 8. 17 L Caflisch, ‘Settlement of disputes concerning international watercourses’ infra Chapter 10. 18 D Azaria, ‘Fresh water and energy in international courts and tribunals: hydroelectricity installations on trasnboundary rivers’ infra Chapter 9. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0184e1ce9b195bfac4ad93da3bd40d8e7ccd75d2_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0184e1ce9b195bfac4ad93da3bd40d8e7ccd75d2_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c74406c81dac260570a55623c82fc374e45517b --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0184e1ce9b195bfac4ad93da3bd40d8e7ccd75d2_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Para a Análise Institucional toda pesquisa é intervenção, cabendo ao pesquisador explicitar como a intervenção se produziu, tomando como ponto de partida a própria implicação do pesquisador. Como vimos, o discurso da neutralidade produziu uma linha de intervenção de mão única, a intervenção como efeito inevitável do acesso à verdade. No limite, a verdade que é transformadora, sendo esta transformação desejada e benéfica, uma vez que suas condições de acesso são imparciais. Os efeitos destrutivos dessa ética conduzem a humanidade a confrontar-se com os limites do próprio planeta, de tal mote que se torna urgente explicitar como o inevitável caráter interventivo de qualquer pesquisa se processa. Portanto, é necessário um modo de se apropriar da inevitável dimensão interventiva de todo ato de pesquisar, para produzir relações menos violentas e produzir menos apropriação por parte do pesquisador. Partindo desse princípio ético, nada mais coerente do que partir do corpo do pesquisado como uma caixa de ressonância, ponto de inflexão ética de todo ato de produção de conhecimento: análise de implicação[8-10]. Sendo a análise de implicação a âncora da tripla aposta metodológica - aposta ético-metodológica: cartografar é cuidar de processos de singularização; aposta estéticometodológica: conhecer é transformar a si e o mundo (conhecer é criar); aposta político-metodológica: conhecimento é uma produção comum (do comum). A análise de implicação insere o pesquisador de modo imediato no duplo engajamento: conhecer é cuidar de si e do mundo, tendo como objeto processos singulares. Eis então nossa primeira aposta: aposta éticometodológica. A recusa à neutralidade implica num engajamento cuidadoso, pois o que afeta o pesquisador é fundamental para a cartografia dos regimes de forças de um determinado território. Os regimes de forças compostos de diferentes vetores são, antes de tudo, regimes de afetação: afetar e ser afetado. A análise de implicação não conduz a uma análise do sujeito, não se conclui no sujeito, mas parte dos afetos e afecções que mobilizam o corpo do pesquisador para mapear um plano de forças. O corpo do pesquisado opera como uma caixa de ressonância do encontro de forças, de vetores e linhas de diferentes matrizes: vetores políticos, planetários, afetivos, históricos. Se tomarmos o sujeito pesquisador como um sujeito historicamente e politicamente constituído, analisar as implicações passa essencialmente por analisar, por um lado, como essas forças históricas e políticas nos atravessam e nos constituem e por outro, como elas se atualizam no mundo atual. O exercício de análise de implicação é necessariamente um exercício de análise de si e do mundo, ou de um si no mundo e de um mundo em si. Trata-se, portanto, de um cuidado de si e do mundo como condição para acessar o plano de forças que constituem sujeitos e objetos. + +Ao mesmo tempo cabe notar que essa atitude é também condição para se acessar a dimensão singular da realidade. Ao contrário dos gregos, em que o cuidado era uma atitude de superação das ilusões do mundo das sensações para acessar o conhecimento universal e verdadeiro, a análise de implicação passa por um mergulho no mundo das sensações e dos regimes de afecção, não para acessar um conhecimento transcendental, mas para acessar o plano de constituição da realidade, um plano de imanência entre sujeito que conhece e mundo conhecido. A realidade, mesmo nas abordagens qualitativas, pode ser apreendida na sua dimensão de representação de estados de coisa. Interessa para essas abordagens apreender a regularidade dos fenômenos subjetivos e a normalidade das condutas numa pretensão cientificista. Capta-se desse modo somente a narrativa do instituído, de como os fenômenos são e como a realidade se apresenta. Rolnik [3] propôs uma distinção entre o olho retina e o olho vibratium, apontando que o olho retina capta o que nos é apresentado como natural, as formas constituídas, as representações. Para a cartografia interessa menos o que somos e mais o que estamos nos tornando, ou seja, a dimensão processual da realidade, em que esta variação de si é um indicador de um mundo que varia. A dimensão processual da realidade implica num exercício de ativação de um corpo vibratium ativação de um regime de sensibilidade e regimes de afetabilidade que a pesquisa instaura, uma atenção aos ritmos e intensidades. Afetamos e somos afetados durante o ato de pesquisar. O que nos afeta interessa na medida em que podemos, a partir da análise das nossas afetações, cartografar um campo problemático: análise de implicação. Acessar a realidade na sua dimensão processual ou os processos de singularização exige, portanto, método, pois do contrário apreendemos o que na realidade insiste em se afirmar como verdade, como imutável, ou seja, sua dimensão instituída. As entrevistas, grupos focais e observação podem acessar somente os sintomas institucionais, suas regularidades, as narrativas e práticas instituídas a depender do método que oriente a utilização de tais técnicas. A cartografia não se reduz a mapear estados de coisas, regularidades e verdades instituídas, embora este exercício seja indispensável para a cartografia. Para a cartografia interessam menos o singular e o diferente e mais os processos de singularização e de diferenciação. Mais do que afirmar que uma experiência local é singular, interessam os processos de singularização que se efetivam na experiência pesquisada. Daí a afirmação de que conhecer não é representar a realidade [4]. Pois a representação não acessa a dimensão processual da realidade, mas os estados de coisa, as formas instituídas. A análise de implicação é, diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0188595fce9aeaa5051eb00567ba195bb3ac6e1b_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0188595fce9aeaa5051eb00567ba195bb3ac6e1b_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30dcf022f2909ee8c3e1cf720a5bd01463974e39 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0188595fce9aeaa5051eb00567ba195bb3ac6e1b_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Chapter 1 + +# Elementary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Education + +Highlights.....................................................................................................................................1-4 Student Learning in Mathematics and Science.........................................................................1-4 Student Coursetaking in High School Mathematics and Science.............................................1-4 Teachers of Mathematics and Science......................................................................................1-5 Transition to Higher Education ................................................................................................1-6 Introduction..................................................................................................................................1-7 Student Learning in Mathematics and Science ............................................................................1-7 Mathematics and Science Performance in Grades 4, 8, and 12................................................1-8 Algebra Performance of Ninth Graders in 2009.....................................................................1-13 International Comparisons of Mathematics and Science Performance ..................................1-14 Student Coursetaking in High School Mathematics and Science ..............................................1-16 High School Graduation Requirements and Curriculum Standards .......................................1-17 Mathematics and Science Coursetaking in High School ........................................................1-18 Teachers of Mathematics and Science .......................................................................................1-21 Characteristics of High-Quality Teachers ..............................................................................1-22 School Factors Contributing to Teachers’ Effectiveness........................................................1-25 Transition to Higher Education..................................................................................................1-30 Completion of High School ....................................................................................................1-30 Enrollment in Postsecondary Education .................................................................................1-32 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................1-34 Notes ..........................................................................................................................................1-35 Glossary .....................................................................................................................................1-38 References..................................................................................................................................1-39 + +### List of Sidebars + +Development and Content of NAEP Technology and Engineering Literacy Assessment ..........1-9 Mathematics and Science Achievement in Charter Schools......................................................1-11 Sample Items from PISA ...........................................................................................................1-16 Common Core State Standards ..................................................................................................1-18 Taking Algebra I Before High School .......................................................................................1-19 Measuring Teaching Quality......................................................................................................1-23 Teacher Attrition ........................................................................................................................1-29 State Student Tracking Systems.................................................................................................1-33 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/025a6b4769f54582b45e3221cecd2b943870b85d_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/025a6b4769f54582b45e3221cecd2b943870b85d_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04e396db3be2bc2b2786caadd77fb0cffd89499d --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/025a6b4769f54582b45e3221cecd2b943870b85d_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +potentielle Erweiterung 4 + +Johannispark + +potentielle Erweiterung 3 + +Königsstein/Moosach Arme + +Sanierungsgebiet II " Altstadt " + +potentielle Erweiterung 2 + +Volksfestplatz + +potentielle Erweiterung 1 + +Bahnhof + +0 125 250 375 500 + +Meter + +● + +# (Altstadt und Domberg Freising mit den frühen + +# Sanierungsgebiet II - Altstadt Siedlungserweiterungen) - Untersuchungsgebiet + +Umgriff Sanierungssatzung I "Am Wörth" + +![](figure) + +Umgriff Sanierungssatzung II "Altstadt" + +Ensemble Domberg und Altstadt Freising + +Abgrenzungsvorschlag nach dem Plan zur städtebaulichen Denkmalpflege + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/029b20b3eb58d1fbda4a16bfea632b29642998ae_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/029b20b3eb58d1fbda4a16bfea632b29642998ae_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30966e042acf16f9e603c3ceb72de6afa4e50166 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/029b20b3eb58d1fbda4a16bfea632b29642998ae_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +The distributed middleware architecture of the application was based on the framework described in [10]. The physics of the scene was simulated using the Bullet Physics Library2. Simplified forms of non-convex pieces and holes were designed for the physics simulation in order to facilitate their manipulation, as the Bullet Physics Library does not handle nonconvex meshes properly. + +![](figure) + +Storage zone A +Workspace W +Fitters +Non-fitters +6 fitters complexity +6 holes box +Disposal zone B + +x3 +x3 +Fitters +Non-fitters +2 fitters complexity +2 holes box[^inferred] + +![](figure) + +Storage zone A +Workspace W +Fitters +Non-fitters +6 fitters complexity +6 holes box +Disposal zone B + +x3 +x3 +Fitters +Non-fitters +2 fitters complexity +2 holes box[^inferred] + +Fig. 2. on Top: six holes complexity task description. On Bottom: two holes complexity task description In both cases, twelve pieces were involved, six ”fitters” to place in the holed box and six ”non-fitters” to place in the disposal zone. + +The virtual coordinates of the flystick were linked to the physical ones by the mean of a standard proportional derivative control scheme for positions and a suboptimal control scheme with a quadratic cost for rotations, as described in [32]. Performance levels were set at + +2 + +www.bulletphysics.org + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/030ae7ca8a78354803981d7300871c9d074a8249_page_32_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/030ae7ca8a78354803981d7300871c9d074a8249_page_32_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1fa24fc4d414d9c896bac3f3c466e8097e89780 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/030ae7ca8a78354803981d7300871c9d074a8249_page_32_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +Quality assurance procedure for ultrasound Problems with and troubleshooting ultrasound Nuclear medicine/gamma camera Computed tomography (CT) Positron emission tomography Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Radiation therapy Computer applications in imaging Medical network standards, DICOM, HL7 Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) Power distribution system Environmental control unit Oxygen storage and generation system + +# D. Test Equipment and Procedures + +Electrical safety analyzer Electrical safety testing Electrosurgical unit analyzer Electrosurgical unit inspection Medical ultrasound analyzer Physiologic monitor inspection Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitor analyzer NIBP inspection Invasive blood pressure inspection Cardiac output monitor inspection Pulse oximeter testing Electrocardiograph simulator/analyzer Electrocardiogram (ECG) testing Telemetry inspection Fetal monitor inspection Infusion pump analyzer Infusion pump inspection Infant incubator inspection Infant radiant warmer inspection Defibrillator analyzer Defibrillator testing External pacemaker inspection Heart-lung machine maintenance Ventilator inspection and maintenance Anesthesia machine maintenance Gas analyzer Pressure meter + +Flowmeter X-ray unit testing Centrifuge preventive maintenance Microscope maintenance Water bath inspection Slide stainer inspection Water bath operation and maintenance Laboratory incubator operation and maintenance Slide stainer operation and maintenance Diluter operation and maintenance Cell counter inspection Colorimeter operation and maintenance Spectrophotometer operation and maintenance + +# E. Troubleshooting and Repair + +Hospital grade plug Schematic, wiring diagram Circuit extraction Relay troubleshooting Ventilator operation and troubleshooting Compressor operation and repair Alternating pressure pump operation and troubleshooting Heating pad pump operation and troubleshooting Oxygen concentrator operation and troubleshooting Low-volume suction machine operation and troubleshooting Electrocardiograph operation and troubleshooting Defibrillator troubleshooting Physiologic monitor troubleshooting NIBP troubleshooting Invasive blood pressure troubleshooting Pulse oximeter operation and troubleshooting Infusion pump operation and troubleshooting Fetal monitor operation and troubleshooting Electrosurgical unit operation and troubleshooting Sterilizer operation and troubleshooting Diagnostic ultrasound troubleshooting Dental x-ray operation and troubleshooting X-ray unit operation and troubleshooting Blood gas analyzer operation and troubleshooting Centrifuge operation and troubleshooting Centrifuge repair diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0383177b7342945f0657dea30a721222eaa22a81_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0383177b7342945f0657dea30a721222eaa22a81_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c079b5583980c2d87e70c26e65d91013db92549a --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0383177b7342945f0657dea30a721222eaa22a81_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# CERTIFICATE + +This is to certify the thesis entitled "EFFECT OF PHYSICAL AND COMBINATION OF PHYSICAL AND YOGIC EXERCISES ON PERFORMANCE AND PERFORMANCE RELATED FACTORS OF BASKETBALL PLAYERS" submitted by M.M.G. HARI HARA RAMACHANDHIRAN for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physical Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, is a bonafide record of research work carried out under my guidance and supervision. It is further certified that to the best of my knowedge the work reported here does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation for the award of any other degree or diploma. + +Place: Tiruchirappalli Date: ) 5 - o 5 - o S + +f-BTvA/Nra*TjC(G«»C- + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Qu. K. CHANDRASEKARAK.LTi.i^^ + +LECTURER ^ V\e^d '/<:. + +©2PARTOENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCAYEC! BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSIHj TIRUCHIRAPALLI-620Q2iC:, + +![](figure) + +(Dr. P. MARIAYYAH) + +m. ?. PARIAYYAf:. n»A= + +PROFESSOR AND HEAD, ESPARRIENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATICj EHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY^ ?IRUCHIRAPPALU - 6 2 0 0?!6^ diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/038704b29be26b6d45233e5e11218273d372957e_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/038704b29be26b6d45233e5e11218273d372957e_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..840afd29664eaa2dc97f52a0ea290aea126b2dba --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/038704b29be26b6d45233e5e11218273d372957e_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## ● Anita Gramigna y Juan C. González-Faraco Ferrara (Italia) y Huelva (España) + +Recibido: 26-12-08 / Revisado: 28-02-09 Aceptado: 23-05-09 / Publicado: 01-10-09 + +DOI:10.3916/c33-2009-03-007 + +# Videojugando se aprende: renovar la teoría del conocimiento y la educación + +### Learning with videogames: Ideas for a Renewal of the Theory of Knowledge and Education + +#### RESUMEN + +En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la relación del juego con el desarrollo cognitivo y los procesos educativos en un tiempo de profundos cambios tecnológicos. En concreto, sobre el papel de los videojuegos en la construcción del conocimiento y la formación de los niños. Profundizando en la lógica de los videojuegos y en la relación compleja que los usuarios entablan con ellos, pueden extraerse interesantes ideas para repensar la teoría del conocimiento y la educación. El texto ana-liza primeramente el papel de los videojuegos en el mundo lúdico, para internarse posteriormente en sus modelos narrativos propios. Finalmente se valoran sus virtualidades para el aprendizaje y en general para la educación, sin olvidar sus riesgos. Se concluye en la valorización cognitiva y pedagógica del pensamiento conectivo que pueden desarrollar los videojuegos. + +#### ABSTRACT + +In this paper we reflect on the relationship of games, cognitive development and educational processes during a time of profound technological change. Specifically, we consider the role of videogames in knowledge construction and in children’s education. By studying both the logic of video games and how players understand them, we can develop interesting ideas for re-thinking theories on knowledge and education. Primarily, this text analyzes the role of video games in the world of play in order to delve into its unique narrative models. Finally, we evaluate their virtual features for learning and education in general, then focusing on the risks entailed. We conclude with a cognitive-pedagogical evaluation of the connective thought that videogames can develop. + +#### DESCRIPTORES / KEY WORDS + +Videojuego, multimedialidad, aprendizaje, educación, construcción del conocimiento, pensamien- to lúdico. Videogames, multimedia, learning, education, knowledge construction, recreational thought. + +❖ Dra. Anita Gramigna es profesora del Dipartimento di Scienze Umane de la Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia de la Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Italia) (grt@unife.it). + +❖ Dr. Juan Carlos González Faraco es profesor del Departamento de Educación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Huelva (España) (faraco@uhu.es). diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/04085752de6b0603b2021d4cacd8c178fc9bfc28_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/04085752de6b0603b2021d4cacd8c178fc9bfc28_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1cf2066338f77aba7bcd3693dbea41d2226ae2e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/04085752de6b0603b2021d4cacd8c178fc9bfc28_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +# August 2021 + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## 10 Please Note: Due to COVID-19 restrictions, public meetings may be held through Video Teleconference and current schedules may change. + +###### MONDAY + +###### TUESDAY + +2 3:30 4:00 Verrocchio: BH View: Matthew Sculptor/Painter Specktor* 3 5:00 7/26 Health & Safety* 7:30 Greystone: Doug MacDonald 8:00 7/21 Architectural* 9:30 Sci&Movies: Incredible Hulk 10:00 Cañon: Music Carolyn* + +2:30 City Council Study Session* 4:30 The Syrinx Quintet 5:00 7/23 Audit & Finance Cmte.* 6:00 Cañon: Music Carolyn* 7:00 City Council Formal Mtg.* 9:30 DaVinci: To Know How To See 10:30 Verrocchio: Sculptor/Painter + +9 3:30 4:00 5:00 Simply Cañon: Mayor’s Bill Science: Cabinet* Rotella* 3D Medical 10 6:00 7/21 Architectural* 7:30 Greystone: Dimitry Olevsky 8:00 7/27 Recreation & Parks* 10:00 Verrocchio: Sculptor/Painter 10:30 Asian Life: Summer + +10:00 Arts & Culture* 3:30 Asian Life: Summer 4:00 8/4 Metro Purple Line Mtg. 5:00 8/5 Traffic & Parking* 7:00 Verrocchio: Sculptor/Painter 7:30 Simply Science: 3D Medical 8:00 8/5 Design Review* 10:00 8/9 Mayor’s Cabinet Mtg.* + +16 + +3:30 Sci&Movies: Warp Drive 4:00 Cañon: Music Carolyn 5:00 8/11 Small Business Mtg.* 6:00 8/6 Audit & Finance Cmte.* 7:00 Asian Life: Summer 7:30 Greystone: Doug MacDonald 8:00 8/12 Public Works* 10:30 Greystone: Mei Hotta + +# 23 + +3:30 STEM: Linguistic Diversity 4:00 Health & Safety* 6:00 Cañon: Bill Rotella* 7:00 Pets 90210: Pet Adoption 7:30 Simply Science: 3D Medical 8:00 8/18 Architectural* 10:00 8/19 Property Owners Cmte.* 3:30 Sci&Movies: Plants 4:00 8/19 Next BH Cmte.* 5:00 8/24 Recreation & Parks* 6:30 Cañon: Country Nation* 7:30 STEM: Linguistic Diversity 8:00 8/23 Health & Safety* 10:00 Verrocchio: Sculptor/Painter 10:30 Greystone: Riner Scivally + +# 30 + +2:30 City Council Study Session* + +17 + +4:30 Simply Science: 3D Medical 5:00 Cañon: Country Nation 6:00 8/9 Mayor’s Cabinet Mtg.* 7:00 City Council Formal Mtg.* 9:30 Sci&Movies: Warp Drive 10:00 8/11 Small Business Mtg.* + +## 24 2:00 Recreation & Parks* + +4:30 Greystone: Dimitry Olevsky 5:00 8/23 Health & Safety* 6:30 Sci&Movies: Warp Drive 7:00 8/23 Sunshine Task Force* 8:00 8/19 Human Relations* 10:30 STEM: Linguistic Diversity 3:30 Greystone: Parsa Peykar 4:00 Cañon: Singular Nature* 5:00 8/26 Planning* 7:30 Asian Life: Summer 8:00 8/4 Metro Purple Line Mtg. 9:00 Kariné Poghosyan: Piano* 10:00 Pets 90210: Pet Adoption 10:30 Sci&Movies: Plants + +# 31 + +###### WEDNESDAY + +## 4 12:00 Metro Purple Line Mtg.* + +3:00 8/3 Study Session* 5:30 Verrocchio: Sculptor/Painter 6:00 Rent Stabilization* 8:00 Cañon: Music Carolyn* 9:00 BH View: Matthew Specktor* 10:00 7/26 Sunshine Task Force* + +11 + +9:00 Small Business Task Force* 3:30 Greystone: Doug MacDonald 4:00 Verrocchio: Sculptor/Painter 4:30 Branding & Licensing Cmte.* 6:00 Cañon: Bill Rotella* 7:00 8/9 Mayor’s Cabinet Mtg.* 8:00 8/5 Traffic & Parking* 10:00 8/6 Audit & Finance Cmte.* + +# 12 + +###### THURSDAY + +# 5 + +9:00 Traffic & Parking* 1:30 Design Review* 3:30 Greystone: Mei Hotta 4:00 8/3 Formal Meeting* 7:00 Cañon: Bill Rotella* 8:00 8/3 Study Session* 10:00 7/23 Audit & Finance Cmte.* 8:00 Public Works* 1:30 Planning* 3:30 Greystone: Dimitry Olevsky 4:00 8/9 Mayor’s Cabinet Mtg.* 5:00 8/5 Design Review* 7:00 Cañon: Country Nation* 8:00 8/4 Rent Stabilization* 10:30 Simply Science: 3D Medical + +19 + +18 + +1:30 Architectural* 3:30 Meet the Author: Barbara Dee 4:00 8/11 Branding & Licensing* 5:00 8/17 Study Session* 7:00 Greystone: Riner Scivally 7:30 Verrocchio: Sculptor/Painter 8:00 8/17 Formal Meeting* 10:30 Greystone: Cara Lopez Lee + +9:00 Human Relations* + +3:30 Pets 90210: Pet Adoption + +5:30 Sci&Movies: Warp Drive 6:00 Asian Life: Summer 6:30 Next Beverly Hills Cmte.* 8:00 8/17 Study Session* + +10:00 8/11 Branding & Licensing* + +# 25 + +26 + +3:30 Simply Science: 3D Medical 4:00 8/12 Planning* 7:00 STEM: Linguistic Diversity 7:30 Greystone: Doug MacDonald 8:00 8/24 Recreation & Parks* 10:00 Greystone: Tobolowsky 10:30 Pets 90210: Pet Adoption 12:00 Metro Purple Line Mtg.* 3:30 Pets 90210: Pet Adoption Sept. + +1:30 Planning* + +5:30 Greystone: Peter J. Harris 6:00 Pets 90210: Pet Adoption 6:30 Asian Life: Summer 7:00 Cañon: Singular Nature* 8:00 8/10 Arts & Culture* 10:00 8/23 Sunshine Task Force* + +2 + +# 1 + +9:00 Traffic & Parking* 1:30 Design Review* 4:00 Simply Science: 3D Medical 4:30 Sci&Movies: Plants 5:00 8/18 Architectural* 7:00 Cañon: Joyce Partise* 8:00 9/1 Rent Stabilization* 10:00 8/11 Small Business Mtg.* + +Sept. + +4:00 8/19 Property Owners Cmte.* 5:00 8/23 Sunshine Task Force* 6:00 Rent Stabilization* 9:00 Sci&Movies: Plants 9:30 Cañon: Rod Lightning 10:30 Greystone: Doug MacDonald + +BHTV ON TIME WARNER CABLE CHANNEL 10 IN BEVERLY HILLS and WEBCAST AT BEVERLYHILLS.ORG + +4:30 Property Owners Task Force* + +# Weekday Schedule + +###### FRIDAY + +# 6 + +3:00 8/4 Rent Stabilization* 5:00 8/4 Metro Purple Line Mtg. 6:00 DaVinci: To Know How To See 7:00 Verrocchio: Sculptor/Painter 7:30 Asian Life: Summer 8:00 8/3 Formal Meeting* 10:00 Cañon: Bill Rotella* + +13 + +12:00 8/11 Branding & Licensing* 1:00 8/11 Small Business Mtg.* 2:00 8/9 Mayor’s Cabinet Mtg.* 3:00 8/12 Public Works* 6:30 Simply Science: 3D Medical 7:00 8/4 Metro Purple Line Mtg. 8:00 8/12 Planning* 10:00 BH View: Matthew Specktor* + +20 + +3:00 8/10 Arts & Culture* 4:30 Verrocchio: Sculptor/Painter 5:00 8/17 Formal Meeting* 7:00 Greystone: Doug MacDonald 7:30 Sci&Movies: Warp Drive 8:00 8/19 Property Owners Cmte.* 9:00 8/19 Next BH Cmte.* 10:00 Cañon: Joyce Partise + +27 + +3:00 8/19 Human Relations* 5:30 8/19 Next BH Cmte.* 6:30 Meet the Author: Hena Khan 7:00 STEM: Linguistic Diversity 7:30 Greystone: Cara Lopez Lee 8:00 8/26 Planning* 10:30 Sci&Movies: Warp Drive + +4:00 9/2 Traffic & Parking* + +Sept. + +3 3:00 Cañon: Music Carolyn 6:30 Greystone: Mei Hotta 7:00 Sci&Movies: Plants 7:30 Simply Science: 3D Medical 8:00 9/2 Design Review* 9:30 Pets 90210: Pet Adoption 10:00 8/23 Sunshine Task Force* diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/04cea54b5e3d95140c36cfa315a41be27b2434f9_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/04cea54b5e3d95140c36cfa315a41be27b2434f9_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3db67bac745aedf7188bf9ddea94ffbdc98088f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/04cea54b5e3d95140c36cfa315a41be27b2434f9_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +INSTRUCTIONS: Please provide information concerning your health for participation in 4-H Events for the current year. If you are a person with a disability and desire any assistive devices, services, or other accommodations to participate in activity, please contact your local Extension office during business hours at least 7 days prior to the event to discuss accommodations. PLEASE PRINT ALL INFORMATION. (NOTE: Both sides of this form must be completed.) + +COUNTY ____________________________________________________________________ + +# IDENTIFICATION + +NAME ______________________________________________________________________ FEMALE □ MALE □ + +Last + +First + +MI + +MAILING ADDRESS _______________________________________ CELL PHONE (_______) ___________________ + +CITY __________________________________________________________ STATE______ ZIP__________________ + +HOME PHONE (______) ___________________ BIRTHDATE _______________ EMAIL________________________ + +# EMERGENCY CONTACT + +NAME _______________________________________________________ CELL PHONE (_____) ________________ + +ADDRESS ____________________________________________________ HOME PHONE (_____) ________________ + +RELATIONSHIP___________________________________ WORK PHONE (_____) ________________ + +# PHYSICIAN/INSURANCE INFORMATION + +NAME OF PHYSICIAN _______________________________________________ PHONE (_____) ________________ + +MEDICAL/HOSPITAL INSURANCE ____________________________________________________________________ + +Carrier + +Policy ID # + +# MEDIA RELEASE + +The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University/College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS) periodically uses electronic and traditional media (e.g., photographs, video, audio footage, testimonials) for publicity and educational purposes. By my signature on this form, I acknowledge receipt of this document and give permission to the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and its designee to use such reproductions for educational and publicity purposes in perpetuity without further consideration from me. I understand that I will need to notify Virginia Tech/College of Agriculture and Life Sciences if any changes to my situation occur that will impact this media release permission. + +PLEASE INITIAL + +YES__________ + +NO___________ diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/056544decf9498b6bf7949a1edddc6d58829df82_page_5_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/056544decf9498b6bf7949a1edddc6d58829df82_page_5_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..674da7646018bda97fe1a7e939cedc8825b39b61 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/056544decf9498b6bf7949a1edddc6d58829df82_page_5_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +la actualizan, posibilitando así, la constitución de una colectividad, un ‘nosotros’”. (TATSCH, 2013, p. 67)[^3] + +En lo que respecta a los cánones nacionales envueltos en la traducción a analizar y sus representaciones del gaucho, es interesante observar que “la literatura gauchesca rioplatense contribuyó en la invención teórica de una nueva región cultural”, entre cuyos textos apropiados destaca Martín Fierro, el cual “puede ser considerado uno de los textos fundadores de la gauchesca brasileña” (MASSINA, 2002, p. 103-104). En otras palabras, es de estimarse cierto vínculo entre la traducción del poema de Hernández y la forma en que la cultura receptora se ve representada a sí misma a través de los gauchos allí retratados. Entre los rasgos más sobresalientes de dicha caracterización, interesa especialmente reflexionar acerca del atributo heroico de Fierro, dado que en el poema de Hernández existe una voluntad de escamotear dicho rasgo (BORGES-GUERRERO, 1999). Contemporáneamente a la publicación de Martín Fierro, la década de 1870 dio a la luz dos textos literarios que inmortalizaron al gaucho en la literatura brasileña: O gaúcho, de José de Alencar, y O vaqueano, de Apolinário Porto Alegre. El aspecto de mayor relevancia en el que las referidas obras brasileñas coinciden es la construcción de una imagen idealizada del gaucho y de la sociedad a la que pertenecía. Ya fuera que se ocultara el trabajo del peón de estancias, de los inmigrantes europeos y del esclavo en las charqueadas, así como la devastación de la economía, familias y estancias durante la revolución; o que se presentara a gauchos, patrones, esclavos, indios y soldados farropillas como héroes que conviven en un mundo sin jerarquías; como resultado se exalta la figura del guacho y se instaura el mito de la democracia de la pampa, dispositivos discursivos estratégicos para legitimar el poder a las elites locales, en una comunidad integrada gracias a una identidad regional, a su vez proyectada como guardiana de las fronteras nacionales y, por tanto, participante de una identidad mayor (DE CAMPOS, 2008). La literatura regionalista de tema gauchesco seguiría la misma tendencia durante su edad de oro. De acuerdo con Ligia Chiappini, dentro de esta tradición literaria “el personaje no solo es reducido a un tipo social, sino a un tipo social mitificado: el gaucho y su antípoda –el antigaucho, el antihéroe” (LEITE, 1978, p. 39)[^4]. Estas obras, que sirven como referencia para la + +[^3]: Texto fuente: “Fala a partir da coletividade, do lugar social ocupado pelo grupo que representa como pessoa autorizada (...). É responsável pelo que é dito a partir dos lugares da memória, distribuindo os saberes e os dizeres que atualizam a memória, possibilitando assim, a constituição de uma coletividade, um ‘nós’”. + +[^4]: Texto fuente: “O personagem não é só reduzido a tipo social, mas a um tipo social mitificado: o gaúcho heroi e seu antípoda – o antigaúcho, o anti-herói”. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/058e6f6769ff3be73d845a60c90053ee2900d10b_page_3_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/058e6f6769ff3be73d845a60c90053ee2900d10b_page_3_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd5ab01cee077b74789ed9a4e361d18129ff2666 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/058e6f6769ff3be73d845a60c90053ee2900d10b_page_3_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +maar niet over met hoeveel zij zullen zijn.[^4] Strikt genomen kunnen quota de aanwezigheid van bepaalde maatschappelijke groepen in de politiek enkel bevorderen zonder een formele verbintenis te bevatten in termen van de electorale uitkomst. Zij kunnen de kans van bepaalde kandidaten om verkozen te worden echter sterk verhogen. Het argument van deze bijdrage is dat per wet opgelegde quota net zoals voorbehouden zetels een bepaald aantal mannelijke respectievelijk vrouwelijke verkozenen kunnen opleggen en dit onafhankelijk van de verkiezingsuitslag, ook al spelen zij louter in op de inputzijde van het electorale proces. De doorslaggevende factor in dit laatste geval is de definitie van de quota in kwestie, meer bepaald de wijze waarop de formulering van quota inspeelt op de modaliteiten van het kiesstelsel waarin zij toegepast worden. Het argument is dat hoe meer een quotawet de modaliteiten van een kiesstelsel uitbuit ten bate van een genderevenwicht in de politiek, hoe meer deze maatregel een uitslag ‘garandeert’, ook al hebben die quota betrekking op de inputzijde van het electorale proces. Echter, enkel quotawetten en niet door partijen opgelegde quota kunnen een dergelijke impact hebben. Quotawetten gelden tenslotte voor alle partijen in dezelfde mate. Als een quotawet zodanig geformuleerd is dat zij het aantal mannelijke en vrouwelijke gekozenen bepaalt, heeft de verkiezingsuitslag enkel nog invloed op de numerieke verhoudingen tussen de verschillende partijen. Gezien partijquota van partij tot partij kunnen verschillen heeft de verkiezingsuitslag in dat geval een grotere invloed op het totaal aantal mannelijke en vrouwelijke gekozenen. Partijquota zouden enkel de dwingende impact van wettelijke quota hebben indien alle partijen zichzelf dezelfde regels opleggen en deze op identieke wijze naleven. Deze bijdrage sluit aan bij recent onderzoek naar de interactie tussen de modaliteiten van kiesstelsels en genderquota.[^5] De achterliggende hypothese is dat dergelijke maatregelen enkel effect hebben indien zij nauwkeurig zijn afgestemd op het kiesstelsel waarin zij toegepast worden. Deze bijdrage wil aantonen dat wettelijk opgelegde genderquota een effect kunnen afdwingen door de formulering van de quotamaatregelen nauwkeurig af te stemmen op de precieze modaliteiten van het + +[^4]: Tenzij men uitgaat van de weinig realistische hypothese dat zodanig veel stemmen op Vlaamse kandidaten uitgebracht worden dat zij recht zouden hebben op een groter aantal zetels dan wettelijk voor hun is voorbehouden. + +[^5]: BAUDINO, C., The Parity Reform in France: Promises and Pitfalls. Onuitgegeven paper, 2002. DESCHOUWER, K. & P. MEIER, Tussen wens en werkelijkheid: reële en mogelijke impact van quo- tawetten op kieslijsten. Wetenschappelijke monografie 9. Brussel, Ministerie van de Vlaamse Ge- meenschap, 2002. HTUN, M.N. & JONES, M.P., Engendering the Right to Participate in Decision-making: Electoral Quotas and Women’s Leadership in Latin America, pp. 32-56 in N. Craske & M. Molyneux (eds.), Gender and the Politics of Rights and Democracy in Latin Ameri- ca. New York, Palgrave, 2002. JONES, M., Gender Quotas, Electoral Laws, and the Election of Women: Lessons from the Argentine Provinces, in Comparative Political Studies, vol. 31, 1998, 3-21. MARQUES-PEREIRA, B. & P. NOLASCO (eds.), La représentation politique des femmes en Amérique latine. Paris, L’Harmattan, 2001. MOSSUZ-LAVAU, J., Political Parity between Men and Women in France: History and First Balance. Paper delivered at the Conference on Women’s Quotas in Urban Local Government: A Cross-national Comparison, New Delhi, Institute of Social Sciences, February 2003. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/05d9fd5d99ac557f1dfa74c097f7c1cbc9b34be0_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/05d9fd5d99ac557f1dfa74c097f7c1cbc9b34be0_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55de5bdaaa682359fdb316e9d4f5eec1b41f13ab --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/05d9fd5d99ac557f1dfa74c097f7c1cbc9b34be0_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +# Cont... (distribution time) + +### In P2P architecture: + +- In P2P, when a peer receives some file data, it can use its own upload capacity to redistribute the data to other peers. + +Calculating the distribution time for the P2P architecture is somewhat more complicated. A simple expression for the minimal distribution time: + +- Step1: At the beginning, only the server has the file. + +- To get this file into the community of peers, minimum distribution time is at least F/us. + +- Step2: the peer with the lowest download rate cannot obtain all F bits of the file in less than F/dmin seconds. + +- Step3: the total upload capacity of the system is, utotal = us + u1 + ... + uN. + + - The system must deliver (upload) F bits to each of the N peers. + + - This cannot be done at a rate faster than utotal. + + - So, the minimum distribution time is also at least NF/(us + u1 + ... + uN). + +![](figure) + +- Finally, the minimum distribution time for P2P diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/060c2cf840811e4f998ff25f6dae1ab7309fb8b4_page_9_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/060c2cf840811e4f998ff25f6dae1ab7309fb8b4_page_9_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96f88d70a661645833015d8319ae30fe0d9b7f96 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/060c2cf840811e4f998ff25f6dae1ab7309fb8b4_page_9_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +In accordance with the invention, this object is attained by means of a novel yarn guide for the traversing feeding of a yarn to a rotatingly driven winding bobbin for producing a cheese in a winding head of a textile machine. In accordance with the present invention, the yarn guide is directly connected with at least one mechanical energy storage device which is permanently coupled with the yarn guide during the entire traversing movement for aiding the reversal of the direction of movement. The potential energy of the mechanical energy storage device continuously increases in the direction toward the dead points of the traversed area. As a result, the mechanical energy storage device together with the yarn guide constitute an essentially harmoniously oscillating mechanical system. + +The invention is advantageously further developed by the below-described additional features. + +The direct connection of the yarn guide with a mechanical energy storage device results in that no indirect transfer of forces is necessary at all. The only mass creating a moment of inertia is constituted by the yarn guide itself. By means of this the dynamics of the system are clearly improved over the prior art. The forces and moments of inertia in the area of the considerable angular accelerations at the reversing points are very small. It is possible to achieve a very rapid reversal of the direction of movement in the area of the end areas of the traversing movement without a considerably energy outlay. + +In this connection it should be pointed out that in accordance with the present invention the entire oscillating body consisting of the yarn guide finger, the shaft supporting it, as well as the coil used as drive mechanism and its frame, are called the yarn guide. + +It is possible to change the traversing width exclusively by means of the drive mechanism, i.e. by means of control or regulation. No mechanical adjustment at all is required for this if the energy storage device is designed for a maximum yarn guide stroke. Since with an increased stroke the torque required in the area of the reversal of the movement direction is also increased, the greater potential energy of the energy storage device being created in case of an increased stroke is useful. The noise level is lowered by the jolt-free operation of the yarn guide, and its service life is increased. Moreover, the regulating quality of the control is improved and the precise keeping of the traversing width is simplified. + +The employment of a torsion spring, in particular a helical spring, is particularly advantageous in connection with the yarn guide of the invention. With an oscillation amplitude of, for example 60 to 70E, applicable here, such a helical spring also has the same progression of the characteristic curve of the spring to the left and right of the zero point. However, two helical springs can also be employed, which can then additionally be used for the electrical current supply for a coil of a drive mechanism of the yarn guide. + +If the helical springs have opposite winding directions, the same spring torque progression is achieved in both oscillation directions in every case. However, as already mentioned, this advantage gains importance only if the angle of the deflection of the yarn guide out of the position of rest exceeds a threshold value, because in that case the progression of the characteristic curve of the spring is different during opening and closing of the spring. + +While the energy storage device reduces the area under the graph of the drive torque square up to a third of the value which would be necessary without such an energy storage device anyway, setting the resonance frequency of the oscillating system to the upper limit of the required oscil- + +lation frequency leads to the support of the oscillating motion, and therefore the relief of the electromechanical drive mechanism, being especially intense during extreme situations. + +It is assured by the sturdiness of the arrestment of the energy storage device, that the energy storage device aids the oscillating motion in both directions to the same extent. + +There is, of course, also the possibility to make the selection of the springs from the start in such a way, that their characteristic spring curves corresponds as much as possible to the desired oscillation behavior. In this connection it is even desirable that the characteristic spring curve does not extend in a straight line, but instead progressively increases after the reversing point, as already mentioned. The dimensioning of the spring should be selected for optimization in such a way that the integral under the driving torque square becomes the smallest. Because of this, the required power consumption of the drive mechanism for the yarn guide is the lowest. + +The flexibility of the oscillation system can be improved still further if, in addition, the suspension of the at least one spring during the oscillation movement of the yarn guide is adjusted in a controlled manner. In a range of a lesser oscillation frequency, for example 5 Hz, the spring assistance in the reversing area of the yarn guide is required not at all or only to a small extent. The energy for bending the spring or, if an additional spring is used, the two springs, must be supplied by the electrical drive mechanism of the yarn guide in the remaining oscillation range outside of the oscillation dead center points, in which no angular acceleration is present. This energy can be reduced in that the suspension of the at least one spring for all practical purposes oscillates synchronously. This means that at very low oscillation frequencies the suspension could also oscillate with the same amplitude. However, in this case the drive mechanism for the suspension must be included when determining the energy balance. It can therefore be advantageous, depending on the actual conditions, to let the suspension oscillate along at the same frequency, but with reduced amplitude. In that case the bending of the spring takes place only in the lower range of the characteristic curve of the spring. + +With increasing frequency, the requirement for assisting the movement reversal increases. For this reason a relief of the spring in the area of the reversing points is disadvantageous. The potential spring energy stored in the area of the reversing points can be clearly increased by appropriate phase-shifting between the oscillating movement of the suspension and of the yarn guide. However, in this way merely a far-reaching effect on a fixed frequency would be achieved, which could also be achieved with a stronger spring or a plurality of springs. + +But the flexibility of the system offers the possibility of relieving the spring over the larger part of the stroke by an oscillation of the suspension in the same direction, and to clearly increase the spring force only directly prior to reaching the reversing point by swiftly reversing the a oscillating movement of the suspension into the opposite direction. + +A "weak spring" is created in this way over the larger portion of the stroke length, and a very strong spring in the reversing points. This exactly corresponds to the desired assistance of the oscillating movement of the yarn guide. However, in the course of this, the system is not disadvantageously affected by an abrupt introduction of a spring force or adjustment of a spring constant, as in the prior art already + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/062cc165e270a165b0660ec26b2478ac7a3fdab6_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/062cc165e270a165b0660ec26b2478ac7a3fdab6_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..762fc706ea00d8dcdc03535a5ce33fa13595c76e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/062cc165e270a165b0660ec26b2478ac7a3fdab6_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +numerous industrial type structures associated with the water industry. Here the valley widens and the river basin affords room for pools and wetland areas supporting a range of plant and fish life. Approaching the valley head there is a gradual change to wilderness and a sense of being in the heart of the Bowland fells. + +● 5. + +![](figure) + +(53.97486; -2.52965) + +This is the furthest point of the route. After taking in the scenery, retrace your steps back to the bridge then follow the `Short Route` description back to the village. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0678963a20825044fed5401fedb69bc7a3e54de6_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0678963a20825044fed5401fedb69bc7a3e54de6_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f02a8a012d17688cf40ec1519bb9e6246dbb141e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0678963a20825044fed5401fedb69bc7a3e54de6_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +# Midwifery + +### Corrigendum + +## Corrigendum to “Midwifery continuity of carer in an area of high socioeconomic disadvantage in London: A retrospective analysis of Albany Midwifery Practice outcomes using routine data (1997–2009)” [Midwifery 48 (2017) 1–10] + +Caroline S.E. Homer, RM, MMed(ClinEpi), PhD Professora,⁎, Nicky Leap, DMid Adjunct Professor of Midwiferya, Nadine Edwards, PhD Independent Researchera,b,c, Jane Sandall, PhD, CBE Professor, NIHR Senior Investigatorb,c + +a Centre for Midwifery, Child and Family Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia b Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom c Women's Health Academic Centre, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom + +The authors regret that on page 8 we inadvertently referred to NICE as providing policy and policy direction. This was incorrect. NICE provides national clinical guidance based on systematic reviews. The sentence should read: A large study comparing perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth (Birthplace in England Collaborative Group, 2011) supported the clinical guidance to offer women with low risk pregnancies a choice of birth settings, including birth at home (NICE, 2014). The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. + +DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.02.009 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: caroline.homer@uts.edu.au (C.S.E. Homer). diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/06a6973243b924972db1acee857c1ce6a19c7844_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/06a6973243b924972db1acee857c1ce6a19c7844_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30fdfa8427c9dfcfb52c2c2197266abba3857bda --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/06a6973243b924972db1acee857c1ce6a19c7844_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +límites de exposición o se presenta irritación, puede requerirse ventilación y evacuación. + +## Consideraciones generales sobre higiene + +Manipular de acuerdo con las buenas prácticas de higiene y seguridad industrial. No comer, beber o fumar mientras se manipula este producto. Lavar las manos antes de los recesos e inmediatamente después de manipular el producto. Úsense guantes adecuados y protección para los ojos/la cara. Evitar el contacto con la piel, los ojos o la ropa. + +## Propiedades físicas y químicas + +Estado físico Aspecto Olor Color Umbral olfativo + +Punto de inflamación Tasa de evaporación Inflamabilidad (sólido, gas) + +## 9. PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS Y QUÍMICAS + +Pasta / gel Cobre Bronce Petróleo No hay información disponible No hay datos disponibles + +## Valores + +Neutral > 315 °C + +## Observaciones Método + +No se conocen + +No se conocen No se conocen No se conocen + +No se conocen No se conocen + +Propiedad pH Punto de fusión o congelación Punto de ebullición y rango de ebullición< 316 °C > 221 °C No hay datos disponibles No hay datos disponibles Límite de inflamabilidad en el aire 7% 0.9% <0.01 kPa @ 20°C >5 (air = 1) 1.17 Insoluble No hay datos disponibles Not Available >315 °C / >500 °F No hay datos disponibles No hay datos disponibles No hay datos disponibles No hay información disponible No hay información disponible + +Límite superior de inflamabilidad Límite inferior de inflamabilidad Presión de vapor Densidad de vapor Densidad relativa Solubilidad en agua Solubilidad(es) Coeficiente de reparto: n-octanol/agua Temperatura de autoinflamación Temperatura de descomposición Viscosidad cinemática Viscosidad dinámica Propiedades explosivas Propiedades comburentes + +Otras informaciones Punto de ablandamiento Peso molecular Contenido de COV (%) Densidad del líquido Densidad aparente Tamaño de partícula Distribución granulométrica + +## Reactividad + +## Estabilidad química + +## Posibilidad de reacciones peligrosas Polimerización peligrosa + +No hay información disponible No hay información disponible Ninguno(a) No hay información disponible No hay información disponible No hay información disponible No hay información disponible + +No se conocen + +No se conocen No se conocen No se conocen No se conocen + +## 10. ESTABILIDAD Y REACTIVIDAD + +No hay información disponible. + +Estable en condiciones normales. + +Ninguno durante el procesado normal. + +No ocurre polimerización peligrosa. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/06b987e189daff71ae84a082b807686ff485f968_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/06b987e189daff71ae84a082b807686ff485f968_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72eef767c48a210b728b1317c56f95b72e1ae5a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/06b987e189daff71ae84a082b807686ff485f968_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figura 1. Comparación del uso de los principales recursos electrónicos disponibles para los usuarios del Hospital de Fuenlabrada (eneromayo 2005) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figura 2. Media de utilización de UTD: 548 consultas/mes + +gran diferencia con respecto a otros1 (figura 1). + +- Su frecuencia de uso va en aumento (figura 2); de hecho se ha llegado a picos de casi 1.000 consultas mensuales cuando el produc- to empezó a estar disponible, con una media en los últimos meses de entre 600 y 700 consultas. + +- Las materias más consultadas son enfermedades infecciosas y gastroenterología (figura 3). El he-cho de que temáticas como ginecología y obstetricia o pediatría no aparezcan en puestos más elevados de uso, siendo numerosos los facultativos de estas especialidades en el hospital, orienta a la biblioteca en el sentido de organizar campañas de difusión y formación específicas para estos servicios. + +- Tan sólo el 0,5% de las consultas se encaminaron a los apartados What’s new in..., lo cual demuestra que el uso de UTD es primordialmente clínico, más que de actualización, aunque sin embargo tiene una alta capacidad para ello, como el propio nombre del produc- to sugiere. + +- De los datos provisionales de la encuesta distribuida entre los usuarios se pueden avanzar algunos datos: + +1. Amigabilidad de su sistema + +de consulta (con una nota media de 3’35 sobre 5). + +2. La sensación de éxito en la búsqueda de información es alta (con una nota media de 3’14 sobre 5; ningún usuario valoró negativamente esta variable). + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figura 3. Temática de las consultas realizadas a UpToDate (marzo 2004 a junio 2005) + +3. Se realiza un gran número de búsquedas en presencia del paciente. Entre los recursos electrónicos disponibles desde las consultas médicas es el más utilizado (39% de los que alguna vez han utilizado recursos electrónicos estando con un paciente). Además, mientras que con otros recursos electrónicos accesibles on site los usuarios se que-jan de la no accesibilidad desde el exterior, en el caso de UTD no ocurre; el personal médico no lo echa tanto de menos como el acceso a ciertas revistas, libros, etc., electrónicos. + +## «Es un recurso que merece la pena suscribir en hospitales en su versión online, ya que los facultativos pueden consultarlo desde su puesto de trabajo» + +- El buscador de contenidos no permite las combinaciones booleanas aunque sí un “estrechamiento” de los resultados (Fox; Moawad, 2003). No obstante, consultada la empresa distribuidora, tienen entre las mejoras previstas del producto incluir su utilización para 2006. + +- A la hora de interpretar las estadísticas de uso se observa una no coincidencia entre la indización de algunos temas y la identificación de especialidades. Por ejemplo: la revisión más visitada durante los diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/06c19ee3727ac306cd018bb1c43f71b551673420_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/06c19ee3727ac306cd018bb1c43f71b551673420_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95e40992437f14350b483cefd5bfcf3a8e30d56e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/06c19ee3727ac306cd018bb1c43f71b551673420_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# ! < 7 ! . @AB9 ! # ! ! ! " C: 4 + +### 7 ! # 7 ! + +Mit diesem letzten Abschnitt eines dreiteiligen Überblicks über die Entwicklung der drei Fischbestände, die für die Fischerei in der Ostsee nach den Fangmengen das Hauptergebnis erbringen, soll nach dem Dorsch und dem Hering nun auch die Sprotte behandelt werden. Es sei auch in diesem Zusammenhang noch einmal auf das Ziel der 1973 verabschiedeten „Danziger Konvention zum Schutz der lebenden Ressourcen der Ostsee“ hingewiesen, das in Weiterentwicklung und Anpassung an die heutigen Bedingungen in einer nachhaltigen Nutzung der Fischbestände der Ostsee besteht. + +### 4 7 + +Für die Sprotte der Ostsee haben sich die zuständigen Wissenschaftler im Internationalen Rat für Meeresforschung (ICES) 1990 darauf verständigt, von einem relativ einheitlichen Bestand auszugehen und Abschätzungen dieses Bestandes nicht mehr, wie vorher üblich, in Untergebiete aufzuteilen. Dieses ist zumindest für die eigentliche Ostsee sinnvoll, die den Bereich im Südwesten von der Arkonasee (Gebiet 24) bis zum Norden an der Grenze zur Ålandsee umfasst (Gebiet 29). Die Sprotte der Beltsee entspricht vom Körperbau eher der des Kattegatts/Skagerraks und stellt somit eine Übergangsform zur Nordseesprotte dar. Die Sprotte ist, wie + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Abbildung 1: Hauptlaichplätze der Sprotte in der Ostsee (verändert nach Parmanne et al. 1993). Main spawning area of Baltic Sea sprat (adapted from Parmanne et al.1998). + +der Dorsch, ein Portionslaicher. Das bedeutet, dass sie ihre Eier über einen größeren Zeitraum (der Einzelfisch über ca. 2 Monate) verteilt in Portionen in das Wasser abgibt, wo diese sich dann frei schwebend zu Larven entwickeln. Daraus ergibt sich eine weitere Gemeinsamkeit mit ihrem Haupträuber, dem Dorsch: die Eientwicklung ist vom Salzgehalt des Wassers abhängig. Aller-dings schweben und entwickeln sich Sprotteneier noch bei deutlich geringerem Salzgehalt als der Laich des Dorsch. Deshalb laichen Sprotten erfolgreich auch noch bis hinein in den Bottnischen Meerbusen und im Finnischen Meerbusen, ganz im Gegensatz zum Dorsch, des-sen potentiell nördlichstes Laichgebiet etwa im mittleren Gotlandbecken liegt. + +## Fish stocks of the Baltic Sea and their development since 1970 and conclusions for sustainable exploitation – Part 3: Sprat + +The sprat of the Baltic Sea is not as short-lived as in other Seas probably because fish predator species are restricted mainly on cod and salmon. Sea bird populations are much smaller and marine mammals are rare in the Baltic Sea. The sprat stock biomass is fluctuating strongly. The fluctuation is mainly influenced by the stock recruitment and is also dependent on the strength of the cod stock. After a strong decrease during the 1980ies sprat catches increased again from 1992 onwards and reached a peak with over half a million tonnes in 1997. At about the same time the character of the Baltic Sea sprat fishery changed from catches mainly for human consumption to catches mainly for industrial purposes initiated by the fishery of Sweden. The recent record high catches of sprat have been possible only due to the low level of the cod stock of the main Baltic Sea Basins over some years. A sprat fishery on such a high catch level might cause conflicts with a recovering cod stock in future. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/06f8837dfd6ffb7b8b93427f047f0aa456af2e23_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/06f8837dfd6ffb7b8b93427f047f0aa456af2e23_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6ebe0012df2a088b25bcf2680794e11e43ad619 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/06f8837dfd6ffb7b8b93427f047f0aa456af2e23_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +# Bell Tower Millfield Street [1] + +By: Huettner, Alfred F. (Alfred Francis), b. 1884 + +Image not found https://hpsrepository.asu.edu/bitstream/handle/10776/2140/Huettner_033.web.jpg + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## Subject + +Woods Hole (Mass.) [2] + +## Topic + +Places [3] People [4] + +## Publisher + +Marine Biological Laboratory Archives + +## Rights + +Licensed as Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ + +## Format + +Photographs [5] + +## Last Modified + +Wednesday, July 4, 2018 - 04:40 + +## DC Date Accessioned + +Tuesday, May 15, 2012 - 13:23 + +## DC Date Available + +Tuesday, May 15, 2012 - 13:23 + +## DC Date Created diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0722235b45282fd9c4b9d92efc9dbf6e9704d798_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0722235b45282fd9c4b9d92efc9dbf6e9704d798_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f73187ad0fbacf70f08d1bba390d4255ffc52ea --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0722235b45282fd9c4b9d92efc9dbf6e9704d798_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES of the University of + +the West Indies is pleased to be associated with the Institute of Caribbean Studies at the UWI Mona, in presenting the Conference on Caribbean Culture, in honour of distinguished Caribbean Scholar, P rofessor Rex Nettleford. The conference will be opened on Sunday, March 3, 1996 by the Rt. Hon. Michael Manley, P.C., and closes with an address by the honoree on Wednesday, March 6, at 8 pm. + +# PROG RAMMEcDRAFT) + +| | Monday, March 4th | +| --- | --- | +| 9am | Plenary Social Science Lecture | +| | Theatre (SSLT) | +| 10:00 am | Coffee Break | +| 10:30. 12:30 | Panels' | +| 12:30 · 2 pm | Lunch | +| 2 · 3.30 pm | Panels' | +| 4-6 pm | Panels' | + +| 9am | Plenary Social Science Lecture | +| --- | --- | +| | Theatre (SSLT) | +| 10:00 am | Coffee Break | +| 10:30 . 12:30 | Panels' | +| 12:30 · 2 pm | Lunch | +| 2 · 3.30 pm | Panels' | +| 4-6 pm | Panels' | + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Wednesday March 6th.
9amPlenarySocial Science Lecture
Theatre (SSLT)
10:00 amCoffee Break
10:30 . 12:30Panels'
12:30-2 pmLunch
2 · 3.30 pmPanels'
5:30pmPanel
8 pmClosing addressHon. Rex Nettleford
VenuePhillip Sherlock Centre
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Wednesday March 6th.Wyndham Kingst o n
9amPlenarySocial Science LectureSingle/double occupancy us $80.00
Theatre (SSLT)All prices include tax and service charges
10:00 amCoffee Break
10:30 . 12:30Panels'
Conference attendees traveling from the U.S. via Air Jamaica are
12:30-2 pmLunch
eligible for special fares. To inquire about these rates or make
2 · 3.30 pmPanels'
reservations, please advise your Air Jamaica representative to use
5:30pmPanel
record 'WCULTURE:'.
8 pmClosing addressHon. Rex Nettleford
VenuePhillip Sherlock Centre
+ +• Three panels will be running simultaneou sly. + +## CoiwEREI'!CE LAI'KlUAGE + +English + +## f.:VEI'W'Kl PROGRAM + +Performance by NDTC Cocktail Reception + +## AccomtODA1101'1 DJ:TAILS + +## The Jamaica Pegasus + +George Lamming + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Standard rooms (standard or double occupancy)us $ 85. 00
Executive rooms (standard or double occupancy)us $130. 00
Junior suites
(standard or double occupancy)us $175. 00
f.:dge Hill Luxury Apartments
Studio unitsus $ 55. 00
Mayfair Hotel
Single Standard Roomus $51. 25
Single Superior Roomus$61.25
Double Superior Roomus $51.25
I Bedroom Suiteus $88.76
Double Superior SuiteUS $125.00
Senio r Co mmo n Ro o m. UWI Mo na
(Very limited accommodation, prices subject to change)
Single occupancyUS $35.00 per night
Double occupancyUS $50. 00 per night
+ +| Standard rooms (standard or double occupancy) | us \$ 85. 00 | +| --- | --- | +| Executive rooms (standard or double occupancy) | us \$130. 00 | +| Junior suites | | +| (standard or double occupancy) | us \$175. 00 | diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/077c9c1f4595af86a2efb0f5b4209350fea8a9b6_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/077c9c1f4595af86a2efb0f5b4209350fea8a9b6_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba050a9eb7a16ec391b2435706d98000bd5ae80f --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/077c9c1f4595af86a2efb0f5b4209350fea8a9b6_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +بهداشتی درمانی شهر کاشان و ارایه آزمون افسردگی بک به همکاران مربوطه, از آنها خواسته شد تا به کلیه مادरانی که شرایط ورود به این مطالعه را دارند آزمون بک را ارایه کرده و افرادی را که افسردگی خفیف دارند انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی و یک در میان در دو گروه ۱ و ۲ قرار دهند. به گروه ۱ در مورد انجام ورزش‌های بعد از زایمان آموزش داده و هر هفته از طریق تلفن اجرای تمرین‌ها را پیگیری کرده و در صورت عدم ادامه ورزش, از مطالعه حذف می‌شوند, همچنین یک جزوه آموزشی در مورد ورزش‌های بعد از زایمان نیز در اختیار این گروه قرار می‌گرفت, ولی به گروه دوم هیچ آموزش یا جزوه آموزشی در این زمینه ارایه نشد. بعد از اتمام هفته ششم بعد از زایمان و همزمان با مراقبت‌های معمول, مجدداً ابزار بک به هر دو گروه ارایه شد و میزان افسردگی در دو گروه تعیین شد. در ضمن پژوهشگر از اینکه کدام گروه ورزش کرده‌اند, اطلاع نداشت و لازم به ذکر است که در گروه‌های سنی مختلف تعداد نمونه یکسانی در هر دو گروه انتخاب شد تا اثر سن به عنوان مداخله گر کنترل شود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش‌های آماری توصیفی و آزمون t استفاده شد. + +یافته‌ها + +یافته‌های حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که از میان مادरانی که از افسردگی خفیف بعد از زایمان رنج می‌برند, ۶۰ درصد در گروه سنی ۲۰ تا ۳۰ سال بودند. ۵5 درصد خانه دار, ۴4 درصد دارای تحصیلات دیپلم و زیر دیپلم, ۵2 درصد دارای تحصیلات دانشگاهی بودند. 64 درصد سابقه دو بار زایمان داشتند (جدول 1). شش هفته بعد از زایمان 71 درصد از گروه تجربی در مقابل 42 درصد از گروه مقایسه بهبود یافته بودند, 8 درصد از گروه تجربی در مقابل 19 درصد از گروه مقایسه به مشورت با روانپزشک نیاز داشتند یعنی بیماریشان تشدید یافته بود. آزمون t اختلاف آماری معنی داری در دو گروه نشان داد و به عبارتی دیگر ورزش در بهبود افسردگی خفیف بعد از زایمان تأثیر مثبت داشته است. (جدول شماره 2) (p<0/05) + +در تحلیل انجام شده با آزمون مجذور خی بین متغیرهای متعدد مثل سن مادر, تحصیلات مادر و تعداد زایمان, ارتباط معنی دار مشاهده گردید. افسردگی خفیف در گروه سنی زیر 20 سال تفاوت معنی دار با سایر گروه‌های سنی دارد. همین طور افسردگی در مادران با تحصیلات دیپلم و زیر دیپلم و دارای 4 فرزند تفاوت معنی دار با سایر گروه‌ها نشان داد. هم چنین در این مطالعه متغیرهای دیگری مثل خواسته یا ناخواسته بودن حاملگی, سابقه‌ای قبلی مرگ نوزاد, شغل مادر, سابقه‌ای سقط و نوع تغذیه نوزاد, ارتباط معنی داری مشاهده نشد (جدول شماره 3). + +اگرچه دارو درمانی و انواع درمان‌های شناختی در مورد اختلالات افسردگی اساسی, موثر واقع شده است ولی در مورد سطوح پایین تر این اختلال, کمتر موثر بوده است (16). همچنین این درمان‌ها وقت‌گیر, گران و دارای عوارض جانبی هستند (17, 18). بنابراین نیاز به توسعه درمان‌های غیر دارویی در سطوح مختلف این اختلال ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. امروزه ورزش و فعالیت جسمی به عنوان یک روش درمانی, بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است (19). در پژوهشی مشابه در شهر اردبیل بر تأثیر ورزش در بهبود افسردگی مادران تأکید شده است (20). نتایج همکاران در تحقیقات خود به مقایسه فعالیت‌های جسمانی و غیر جسمانی بر ابعاد مختلف سلامتی و خلق افراد پرداختند. آنها اظهار کردند که افراد شرکت کننده در فعالیت‌های جسمانی پیشرفت بهتری در موارد مربوط به سلامتی و خلق نشان می‌دهند (21). بنابراین, از آنجایی که یکی از اقدامات موثر در جهت کاهش اثرات سوء ناشی از افسردگی پس از زایمان بر روابط مادر و نوزاد و پیشگیری از ایجاد اختلال در روابط با همسر و خانواده تمرینات ورزشی است, به نظر رسید ضروری است که تأثیر ورزش بر افسردگی پس از زایمان در زنان مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی کاشان مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. + +مواد و روش‌ها + +این پژوهش یک کارآزمایی دوسو کور می‌باشد. همکاران مستقر در مراکز بهداشتی درمانی از تقسیم نمونه به 2 گروه 25 نفری مورد (ورزشی) و شاهد (غیر ورزشی) آگاهی نداشتند و پیگیری انجام یا عدم انجام ورزش توسط پژوهشگر صورت گرفت. آزمودنی‌های گروه ورزشی از وجود گروه غیر ورزشی اطلاعی نداشتند. به طریق مشابه آزمودنی‌های گروه غیر ورزشی نیز از وجود گروه ورزشی آگاهی نداشتند. همکاران پژوهشگر هنگام ارایه مجدد ابزار بک پس از انجام مطالعه از 2 گروه بودن آزمودنی‌ها و انجام و عدم انجام ورزش توسط نمونه‌ها آگاهی نداشتند. جمعیت مورد مطالعه کلیه مادरانی بودند که زایمان طبیعی کرده و در هفته دوم بعد از زایمان (از روز هفتم تا چهاردهم) به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی کاشان مراجعه نموده بودند. به کلیه افراد جمعیت مورد مطالعه, آزمون افسردگی بک ارایه گردید و در صورتی که نمره این تست (11-16) یا افسردگی خفیف را نشان می‌داد, این افراد به صورت یک در میان در دو گروه مطالعه قرار می‌گرفتند. حجم نمونه در این پژوهش 50 نفر بود که به صورت تصادفی ساده, 25 نفر در گروه تجربی و 25 نفر در گروه مقایسه قرار گرفتند. موارد حذف نمونه شامل سابقه افسردگی, مصرف داروهای آرامبخش, زایمان چند قلو و نداشتن تلفن برای تماس بود. با مراجعه به مراکز + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0805b42e6e18b9c2f2f3d31d8ecf73e1a422f182_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0805b42e6e18b9c2f2f3d31d8ecf73e1a422f182_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db868c7efa7577477e3b776f855c142532cbb238 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0805b42e6e18b9c2f2f3d31d8ecf73e1a422f182_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +manual ronald takaki a different mirror study guide fox float service manual fanuc robot 200ic manual ninjago official guide pack manual compresor sullair riding lawn mower repair manual murray 40508x92a atlas copco manual ga37 honda pc40 manual 2005 hyundai accent repair manual motorola pm1500 wire guide 2010 sea doo gtx 155 owners manual endress hauser flow meter selection guide 1992 seadoo xp service manual honda gcv160a manual qsk19 operation manual manual of complete denture hfbo 8025 amada manual 2010 equinox repair manual acs organic chemistry exams the official guide 1995 electra glide service manual workshop manual stiga ready case 480 fll repair manual organic chemistry reagents guide bobcat s220 parts manual service manual for massey ferguson 202 tractor solutions manual shell theory 1998 honda shadow 1100 service manual amsco earth science lab manual 1996 honda shadow ace 1100 owners manual oh intensive care manual 6th edition orbit water timer 62032 manual honda crv rd1 electronic workshop manual 2009 g450x workshop manual biesse manuals skill 1224 2001 ford f350 ac service manual manual for the worthy matron suzuki small engine repair manual fashion designers survival guide land rover parts manual elephant run summer guide answer 1999 e320 mercedes benz repair manual 08 crf 250r manual john deere gator gas th 6x4 manual hayward valve manuals carrier aquasnap maintenance manual 86 honda tlr200 service manual cavalier service manual corolla 2013 users manual lexus rx 330 repair manual bmw k75c manual finite element analysis moaveni solutions manual explanatory guide boxing study guide for iowa algebra placement exam shopping centre operation manuals 2008 chevy topkick owners manual northstar study guide cs asquith od1 radial arm drill manual repair manual for 2013 honda accord renault trafic van workshop manual manual wheel balancer fmc 1040 honda sl125 manual hyundai accent 2002 workshop manual polaris magnum 325 4x4 service manual 93 gsxr 1100 manual illinois sanitation certification study guide workbook manual vistas 4 edition jeep compass car manual marriage manual scania parts manuals information manual for 1981 cessna 172k kimmel financial accounting solutions manual 6e suzuki marauder 125 2003 manual vw rcd 510 manual john deere x310 manual kalatel ktd 404 manual mercedes 2220 owners manual 96 ford mustang gt repair manual quality assurance manual 05 16 06 2010 harley davidson fatboy service manual robomow retailer manual + +# holtchemistrystudyguidestoichiometryanswer diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/08404c3b520de340f0b0ed583d2083324c5cbfda_page_10_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/08404c3b520de340f0b0ed583d2083324c5cbfda_page_10_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63522d4749422b89c819781936b212999dbce5a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/08404c3b520de340f0b0ed583d2083324c5cbfda_page_10_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +Notes + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/08f3aeec1eda1a569d0c9ef7bb892b5cb6a81b5b_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/08f3aeec1eda1a569d0c9ef7bb892b5cb6a81b5b_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eecaeb75ab02b7942b1a447f6076738105b6b022 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/08f3aeec1eda1a569d0c9ef7bb892b5cb6a81b5b_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +# PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS + +Anti-h AMH 11305 SPTN-5 + +#### Name + +Antibody recognizes human anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) + +#### Specificity + +#### Description + +Monoclonal mouse antibody, cultured invitrounder conditions free from animal-derived components + +#### Product code + +#### Product buffer solution + +#### Shelf life and storage + +#### Analyte description + +100760 + +50 mM Na-citrate, pH 6.0, 0.9 % NaCI, 0.095 % NaN3 as a preservative + +Unspecified, storage at 2–8 °C + +Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein produced by the Sertoli cells of the testis and by the granulosa cells of the ovary. It is used as biomarker to assess ovarian reserve levels. + +### PARAMETERS TESTED ON EACH LOT + +#### Product appearance + +#### Product concentration + +Liquid, may turn slightly opaque during storage + +5.0 mg/ml (+/- 10 %) + +80–120 % compared to the reference sample in an FIA test + +#### Immunoreactivity + +#### IEF Profile + +#### Purity + +6.6 - 7.0 + +\(\geq95\) % + +### PARAMETERS DETERMINED DURING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SubclassIgG1
Association rate constantNot Determined (N/D)
Dissociation rate constantN/D
Affinity constantN/D
Determination method-
Determination antigen-
+ +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/09bfc0f3b0a1d78625939af4e846019469044116_page_3_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/09bfc0f3b0a1d78625939af4e846019469044116_page_3_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78fa0276deeffd5ff20c8662c5a9fec9122e1cbc --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/09bfc0f3b0a1d78625939af4e846019469044116_page_3_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +on the accelerated speed made possible by industrialised noise (which humans, by themselves, cannot achieve), and pieces of music began to be broken up. The slow rhythm and tonality associated with total sound were weakened in this situation. At the same time, as the 20th century advanced, the revolutionary nature of the West was not apparent and, along with that, the idea of its essencewas weakened. Contrasting each other, on the one hand the model of active, free people and countries (which may be defined as renewed total essence); on the other hand, the reality of the passive, alienated mass, meek people who have only been transformed in order to consume (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1994). Along with that, the ideal of the progress of Modernity has also been wounded. Totalworksofart— works of art which are profound, critical, which go down to the roots of the age, expressions of collective and individual reflection on people’s place in the world and (self) reflections on the historical situation + +— will have difficulty in resisting the oncoming devastation. Starting with the destruction of the First World War, throughout the 20th century the lineal upwards evolution of modern ideal has been broken, and this has had direct influence on artistic expression (Hobsbawm, 2003). This meant that the heroic tonality and slow, gradual, progressive, complete rhythm of music (which follow the model of the Heroic Symphony) had no chance of surviving in the wounded, broken-up and accelerated world of the future. The accelerated industrial noise model is part of the modern ideal, with the distinguishing characteristics which the Italian futurists saw in it and used expressively. The superficial anti-essence with no depth in terms of expression, and connected with the acceleration of the rotation of capital, has yet to arrive; this configuration will arrive when general social time accelerates and is split up and, consequently, it will have a direct impact on expressiveness in works of art and music. In this context, a distinguishing characteristic of the 20th century can be examined: are changes taking place in a social time which are so fast that they can hardly be digested? Are individuals’ sensual and self-conscious experiences taking place in a period which is overflowing? Can total art (total sound) be produced in this context? These reflections and doubts lead us to our second premise. + +## 2. The sound of noise + +Theoreticians of totalitarianism have argued the need to forbid subversive noise because it emphasises the need for cultural autonomy and promotes differences; an interest in maintaining tonalities, the prevalence of melody and distrust of new languages, codes and instruments is common to all regimes of this nature (Leónidas Martín Saura, 2006, p. 18). + +2nd Premise: If total sound is imposed in an era in which total essence (revolutionary total action) is not imposed, this may lead us to totalitarianism. Together with the criticism and rupture of lineal, progressive modernity, harmony becomes noise. The acceleration of capitalism brings the sound of noise (fractured works of art) with it, along with expressiveness which is able to express its contradictions. The words we say are also accelerating. Modernity itself brought a contradiction with it, the position of popular culture: + +The Enlightenment believes that the people who must be appealed to in order to legitimise a secular, democratic government are also the bearers of that which reason wishes to abolish: superstition, ignorance and turmoil. Because of this, in Martín Barbero’s words, a complex system has been developed ‘with abstract inclusion and specific exclusion’. The people are of interest in order to legitimise bourgeois hegemony, but are irritating because of their lack of culture (García Canclini, 2001, p. 197). + +High culture and popular culture. Modernity introduced this dichotomy. High culture is the only one which is considered to be culture, the only legitimate culture. Culture was an area for dividing classes. In Europe, in particular, this mechanism has long been in place (Bourdieu, 1999). In the world of music, classical music and tonality are the paradigm of art music. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/09c8a46e9cf449d41f48a2a69f4f54f05286e1b5_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/09c8a46e9cf449d41f48a2a69f4f54f05286e1b5_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ad48d79b77b2e81adbf9e4f300dfc40c4258f78 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/09c8a46e9cf449d41f48a2a69f4f54f05286e1b5_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +Chryseobacterium gallinarum strain DSM 27622 * Chryseobacterium sp. P1-3 * Chryseobacterium gleum NCTC11432 Chryseobacterium bernardetii H4638 Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae FDAAGOS 519 Chryseobacterium indologenes FDAARGOS 337 Chryseobacterium joostei DSM 16927 Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2 * Chryseobacterium glaciei IHBB 10212 Chryseobacterium carnipullorum F9942 + +# a + +scale: 0.1 + +| Chryseobacterium gallinarum strain DSM 27622 | 100.0 | ANI (%) | +| --- | --- | --- | +| Chryseobacterium sp. P1-3 | 98.9 100.0 | 100 | +| Chryseobacterium gleum NCTC11432 | 81.5 81.4 100.0 | 90 | + +Chryseobacterium bernardetii H4638 + +Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae FDAARGOS 519 + +Chryseobacterium indologenes FDAARGOS 337 + +Chryseobacterium joostei DSM 16927 + +Chryseobacterium sp. KMC2 + +Chryseobacterium glaciei IHBB 10212 + +Chryseobacterium carnipullorum F9942 + +Chryseobacterium sp. SNU WT5 Chryseobacterium camelliae Dolsongi-HT1 * + +80 + +81.7 81.8 84.3 100.0 + +81.7 81.5 83.0 82.2 100.0 + +81.2 81.0 82.5 82.2 81.5 100.0 + +81.4 81.2 81.9 82.9 81.8 81.2 100.0 + +81.3 81.3 81.6 81.3 81.3 80.9 82.1 100.0 + +78.4 78.1 78.3 78.4 78.0 78.1 78.9 78.5 100.0 + +79.3 79.0 79.2 79.1 79.2 78.9 79.3 79.4 79.0 100.0 + +Chryseobacterium sp. SNU WT5 71.4 71.4 71.4 71.5 71.3 71.4 71.7 71.6 72.4 71.6 100.0 + +Chryseobacterium camelliae Dolsongi-HT1 76.1 76.0 76.6 75.8 76.7 75.8 75.2 75.4 75.3 76.0 70.0 100.0 + +Chryseobacteriumsp. P1-3 Chryseobacteriumsp. KMC2 Chryseobacteriumsp. SNUWT5 + +ChryseobacteriumjoosteiDSM16927 + +ChryseobacteriumbernardetiiH4638 ChryseobacteriumglacieiIHBB10212 + +# b + +ChryseobacteriumgleumNCTC11432 ChryseobacteriumcarnipullorumF9942ChryseobacteriumcamelliaeDolsongi-HT1 + +ChryseobacteriumgallinarumstrainDSM27622 ChryseobacteriumindologenesFDAARGOS337 + +ChryseobacteriumarthrosphaeraeFDAARGOS519 + +Figure 1. Analysis of Chryseobacterium genomes. (a) The whole-genome sequence-based phylogenetic tree of Chryseobacterium species, based on the merge reference alignments of all genomes. Branch length represents divergence, and stars show the keratinolytic Chryseobacterium species. (b) Overall orthologous average nucleotide identity (ANI) among pairwise Chryseobacterium genomes. Values in heatmap indicate the similarity percentage. + +Figure 1. Analysis of Chryseobacterium genomes. (a) The whole-genome sequence-based phylogenetic tree of Chryseobacterium species, based on the merge reference alignments of all genomes. Branch length represents divergence, and stars show the keratinolytic Chryseobacterium species. (b) Overall orthologous average nucleotide identity (ANI) among pairwise Chryseobacterium genomes. Values in heatmap indicate the similarity percentage. + +Remarkably, each genome had more than 200 genes assigned into the “amino acid metabolism” sub-category. Keratin is mainly composed of amino acids [3], which is ultimately the operational nutrient source exploited for microbial growth. Numerous amino acid metabolism-related enzymes were annotated, revealing the genetic potential of these Chryseobacterium strains for using keratin materials as carbon source. Of particular interest, several biosynthesis genes of secondary metabolites were detected from the genomes, of which more than 20 genes were assigned to “metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides” and around 40 genes were assigned to “biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites” sub-category (Figure 2). Terpenoids are a group of natural products with diverse commercial applications, which have been produced from microbial cell factories [51]. Many polyketides are considered as significant natural products with broad applications in the agriculture and pharmaceutical industry [52]. The metabolic pathways related to polyketides biosynthesis are well understood in some microorganisms like Streptomyces which play a crucial role in industrial bioproduction [53]. This result indicates that these Chryseobacterium strains could have the potential to synthesize high-value secondary metabolites such as terpenoids and polyketides from keratinous materials. + +Remarkably, each genome had more than 200 genes assigned into the “amino acid metabolism” sub-category. Keratin is mainly composed of amino acids [3], which is ultimately the operational nutrient source exploited for microbial growth. Numerous amino acid metabolism-related enzymes were annotated, revealing the genetic potential of these Chryseobacterium strains for using keratin materials as carbon source. Of particular interest, several biosynthesis genes of secondary metabolites were detected from the genomes, of which more than 20 genes were assigned to “metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides” and around 40 genes were assigned to “biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites” sub-category (Figure 2). Terpenoids are a group of natural products with diverse commercial applications, which have been produced from microbial cell factories [51]. Many polyketides are considered as significant natural products with broad applications in the agriculture and pharmaceutical industry [52]. The metabolic pathways related to polyketides biosynthesis are well understood in some microorganisms like Streptomyces which play a crucial role in industrial bioproduction [53]. This result indicates that these Chryseobacterium strains could have the potential to synthesize high-value secondary metabolites such as terpenoids and polyketides from keratinous materials. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0a5fbc4e035831182cfa5597151c7690b4dcef88_page_7_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0a5fbc4e035831182cfa5597151c7690b4dcef88_page_7_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5082bd60d57d3cf62f4bb89c501acd4f0ef4754d --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0a5fbc4e035831182cfa5597151c7690b4dcef88_page_7_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +Hat sevgilinin yüzünde, genellikle önce dudak çevresinde beliren ince ayva tüyleridir. Şairler bu tüyleri siyaha yakın koyu yeşil renkte tahayyül etmişler ve Hızır’la ilgilendirmişlerdir. Sevgilinin dudağı, ağzı ve dolayısıyla sözü ab-ı hayat olarak nitelendiği için, bunlar da Hızır’la ilgilidir. Hızır’ın yeşil elbiseler giyindiğine, yeşil sarık sarındığına inanılır. Papağan da yeşil renginden dolayı Hızır’a benzetilir. Divan şiirinde hat bazen Hızır’a bezen de dudağın etrafını sardığı için, ab-ı hayatı örten, gizleyen zulmete benzetilmiştir. Hat yeşil, dudak kırmızı olduğu için, bu görünüşü bakımından hattın papağana da benzetildiği görülüyor. Tûtî hatın ki râz-ı dehânın beyan eder Bir Hızrdır ki çeşme-i cândan haber verir Ahmet Paşa G. (Sevgili, senin ağzının sırrını açıklayan, söyleyen papağan hattın, can çeşmesinde ab-ı hayattan haber veren bir Hızır’dır.) Mantıku’t-tayr’daki ifadelerden anlaşıldığı üzere papağan, ab-ı hayatı, ölümsüzlüğü aradığı için canına ve nefsine düşkün insanı da simgeler. Hızır da ab-ı hayatı aramış, içmiş ve ölümsüzlük kazanmıştır. Bu yüzden şiirde tuti ile Hızır arasında bir benzerlik ilgisi kurulrur. O ifadelerdeki Nemrut da nefistir. Aşağıdaki şu iki beyitte, tutiye benzetilen hat nefse düşkünlüğe, dünya nimetlerine, kesrete bağlılığa işaret etmektedir. Tasavvufȋ sembol olarak saç, hat ve kan kesrettir. Kesret, vahdeti ve manayı örten maddedir; insanı dünya hayatına bağlayan unsurlardır. Kesret de nefis gibi insanı dünya nimetlerine çeker ve insanı canına, nefsine düşkün hale getirir. Nef’i’nin bu beytinde tahrîk kelimesi, bütün anlamlarını ifade edecek şekilde zengin bir tevriye ile söylenmiştir. Kanat açıp uçmak sözü, tuti teşbihiyle ve tahrîk kelimesinin anlamlarıyla birlikte düşünüldüğünde bir bencillik, gurur ve kibir ifade eder. Hat sözcüğünün, divan şiirinde değişik, hatta zıt anlamlarda kullanıldığı görülür. Bazen gençlik ve güzellik unsuru olarak, bazen olgunluk, ki kadın açısından düşünüldüğünde evde kalmışlık, bazen de yaşlılık ifade edecek şekilde kullanılmıştır. Gençlik ve güzellik insana, kendini gösterme arzusu ile gurur ve kibir verir; evde kalmışlık ve yaşlılık ise insanı korku ve telaşa düşürür. Bu açıdan bakıldğında bu beyitteki “hat” kelimesi de anlam bakımından bir genişlik taşır. Sanma ki etdi zülfünü tahrîk rûzgâr Bâl açdı tûti-i hatı pervâza başladı Nef’i G. (O güzelin saçını rüzgârın tahrik ettiğini zannetme, yüzünde beliren ayva tüylerinin tutisi kanat açtı, uçmaya başladı.) Bu beyitte de yine kesret olan hat ve kan, insanı dünyaya bağlanmaya çeken geveze papağana benzetilmiştir. Gûyâ hayâl-i hatt-ı lebinle müjemde hûn + +Bâğ-ı vefâda tûtî-i zenbûrdur bana + +Şeyh Galib G. + +(Senin dudağının hattının hayaliyle benim kirpiğimde oluşan kanlı gözyaşı, sanki sadakat bahçesinde bana geveze papağandır.) Cebrail, Allah’ın öğrettiklerini Peygambere aktaran melektir; kendisine söylenenleri aynen tekrar ettiğinden dolayı papağana benzetilmiştir. Tûtî-yi kuds, tûtî-i Cibrîl, tûtî-yi sidre-nişîn sözleri ile Cebrail kastedilir. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0a8610e71123d3cf389a1e8652aa486b9f8dcfa2_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0a8610e71123d3cf389a1e8652aa486b9f8dcfa2_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b152a1642fc87bc7ff3e40770fcaf5f0634d64b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0a8610e71123d3cf389a1e8652aa486b9f8dcfa2_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# 2021 WorldShare Interlibrary Loan release notes + +### Last updated: Mon, 28 Dec 2020 16:23:38 GMT + +### This page was not added to the PDF due to the following tag(s): article:topic-guide + +![](figure) + +■ diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0ae207162aa7f1996bc804f32f52313f36b04a55_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0ae207162aa7f1996bc804f32f52313f36b04a55_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4782bf0aad151bfd61cd8359a57f686e6478a806 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0ae207162aa7f1996bc804f32f52313f36b04a55_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +![](figure) + +Figure 5. Residuals for the best fit in different models. Black and red symbols are NuSTAR FPMA and FPMB spectra in the non-flare state; green and blue symbols are the spectra of the flare. + +\(c^{2}=2709.8\) + +large reduced + +line region (Figures 4(b)–(d)), rather than in the soft X-ray band observed by Swift. Therefore, in the following, we fit the NuSTAR spectra alone. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, a strong reflection component is apparent in the residuals of this fit (model 1), leading to a for 2099 dof (see Table 2). Similar to some other Galactic X-ray binaries, the reflection component is composed of an iron \(\mathrm{K}\alpha\) emission line and a broad reflection excess (Lightman & White 1988; Miller 2007; Tomsick et al. 2014). The emission line feature was also detected in the 2002 outburst (in’t Zand et al. 2002; Göǧüş et al. 2004). Following in’t Zand et al. (2002) and Göǧüş et al. (2004), we used the Gaussian emission line model Gaussian to fit this feature and performed fits with the neutral hydrogen column \(´^{-2}\) (model 2a). We also tested fits where NH was a free parameter (model 2b). Adding a Gaussian significantly improves the spectral fits with \(Dc^{2}400\) (see Table 2 and Figure 5). The unabsorbed disk flux fractions, i.e., the relative disk flux contribution to the total, unabsorbed flux in the 2–20 keV range, are larger than 80% for both the flare and non-flare spectra, which meet the soft state criterion of Remillard & McClintock (2006) and also confirm that the NuSTAR observation was taken in the soft state. The measurement of Gaussian line centroid, Ecent, is \(´^{22-2}\) , Ecent is in the iron line region (6.4–7.1 keV); leaving NH as a free + +density, NH, fixed to 2.5 1022 cm parameter, Ecent is well below this energy region. Given this, we then tested fits with NH fixed at 4.3 \(10^{22}cm^{-2}\) , the + +E + +and and the line + +components (Section 3.1). We obtained Ecent1 \(s_{2}=1.51_{-0.18}^{+0.19}\) keV, ✓ = + +5.9 0.3keV, and widths respectively, for ✓ . + +1.5 and as a free parameter. Good fits with reduced 2 + +average NH when fitting the Swift spectra in ´ soft state with a two component model consisting of power-law and disk \(=6.2_{-0.3}^{+0.2}\) keV cent2 = \(s_{1}=1.29_{-0.14}^{+0.16}\)keV the non-flare and flare spectra, with \(c^{2}\) dof 2224.1 2094 Instead of the Gaussian emission line model, we then used the more physical model reflionx_hc to fit the reflection component, and replaced the simple power-law model with a power-law with an exponential cutoff cutoffpl (model 3). The reflionx_hc model is an update of the model reflionx (Ross et al. 1999; Ross & Fabian 2005), which calculates the reflected spectrum from an optically thick atmosphere ionized by illuminating X-rays with a cutoff power-law spectrum. The power-law photon index of reflionx_hc is linked to that of cutoffpl. Compared with reflionx, the folding energy HighECut in reflionx_hc is a free parameter also linked to that of cutoffpl. In addition, the ionization parameter, \(x\), and the abundance of iron, Fe/solar, extend over larger ranges in reflionx_hc. When left as a free parameter, the best fit value for the exponential folding energy, HighECut, is 500 keV, which is the upper limit of the parameter range. As this parameter is not well-constrained, we performed fits with HighECut fixed at 100 keV and 500 keV, respectively. Moreover, we also performed fits with Fe/solar fixed at the initial value of \(c\) less than 1.08 were obtained if a reflection component was added. Changing HighECut from 100 to 500 keV, or unfreezing Fe/solar, other model parameters change only slightly, as seen for model 3a (HighECut = 100 keV, Fe/solar = 1.5) and model 3b (HighECut = 500 keV, free Fe/solar) in Table 3. Similar to the power-law photon index, the ionization parameter in the flare stage is also larger than that in the nonflare stage. The iron \(\mathrm{K}\alpha\) emission line may be distorted by relativistic effects; therefore, a convolution model, relconv (Dauser et al. 2010), was adopted to calculate the relativistic smearing (model 4). The relconv model also allows for a broken power-law emissivity function for the incident emission. Compared with other relativistic smearing models, relconv extends the BH spin parameter range to negative values, corresponding to a disk rotating counter to the BHʼs spin. The fits also favored a high folding energy and were performed with HighECut fixed to 100 and 500 keV. We included fits with the iron abundance free and also fixed to a value of 1.5 solar. Similarly to before, freezing Fe/solar or changing HighECut causes little difference in the residuals and other model parameters. The inner disk radius was set to be at the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), and the outer disk radius was set to 400 rg, where \(r_{g}=\) GM c2 is the gravitational radius. The emissivity indices were fixed at the default values, and we noted that thawing these parameters or fixing the \(<_{in}< + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +в земных условиях, Рп – пустотная тяга, ṁ∑ – сум- марный массовый секундный расход топлива, Iу.п – пустотный удельный импульс, Imу.п – теоретический + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +пустотный удельный импульс, j – коэффициент + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +удельного импульса, jрас – коэффициент потерь из- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +за рассеяния. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Пустотная тяга определялась как + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Рис. вдоль +8. + + + + + +Распределение диаметральной + + +днища + + + + +линии камеры + +статического + +вблизи + + + + + + + + + + +a) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +b) + + + + + + + + + + +Рис. при является да и с шение с замером испытания режимах пусков В ты компонентов +водорода высокой ботоспособность табл. +различном с при испытаний, +9. Изготовленная +подача проводить тяги. 1 +(рис. km< km> +вблизи +Огневые в 6 6 +a) скоростью. при где топлива, +9), +соотношении камеру представлены +камера (десятки составляла km +km≈4; α +периферии которые – – +испытания b) Поэтому экспериментальные длительных + +КВ-16 ~ 1 +km≈6 значительной в секунд). массовое +с. +было некоторые коэффициент + + + + + + + + + + +km +(α) + + + + +ṁ∑, + + +кг/с + + + +P, + +Н + + +Рп,, + +Н +Iу.п м/с +Imу.п, м/с + +j +j/jрас +Pmod n + + + +3.55 + +(0.444) + + + + + +0.026780 + + + + + +62.53 + + + + +79.20 + +2 958 +3 475 + +0.851 +0.898 +80.76 +1.97 + + +5.59 + +(0.699) + + + + + +0.024938 + + + + + +54.18 + + + + +70.86 + +2 841 +3 230 + +0.880 +0.928 +71.21 +0.49 + + +6.66 + +(0.833) + + + + + +0.024632 + + + + + +50.06 + + + + +66.70 + +2 709 +3 090 + +0.877 +0.925 +68.06 +2.04 + + +7.11 + +(0.889) + + + + + +0.024193 + + + + + +49.29 + + + + +66.00 + +2 727 +3 040 + +0.897 +0.946 +65.15 +1.28 + + +7.53 + +(0.941) + + + + + +0.023884 + + + + + +48.50 + + + + +65.17 + +2 729 +2 999 + +0.910 +0.960 +63.86 +2.01 + + + +| km (α) | ṁ∑, кг/с | P, Н | Рп,, Н | Iу.п м/с | Imу.п, м/с | j | j/jрас | Pmod n | | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | +| 3.55 (0.444) | 0.026780 | 62.53 | 79.20 | 2 958 | 3 475 | 0.851 | 0.898 | 80.76 | 1.97 | +| 5.59 (0.699) | 0.024938 | 54.18 | 70.86 | 2 841 | 3 230 | 0.880 | 0.928 | 71.21 | 0.49 | +| 6.66 (0.833) | 0.024632 | 50.06 | 66.70 | 2 709 | 3 090 | 0.877 | 0.925 | 68.06 | 2.04 | +| 7.11 (0.889) | 0.024193 | 49.29 | 66.00 | 2 727 | 3 040 | 0.897 | 0.946 | 65.15 | 1.28 | +| 7.53 (0.941) | 0.023884 | 48.50 | 65.17 | 2 729 | 2 999 | 0.910 | 0.960 | 63.86 | 2.01 | diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0b8de922246569bf96136cd5bb1d9643b2d269fe_page_10_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0b8de922246569bf96136cd5bb1d9643b2d269fe_page_10_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f9cc1a4a6311abc4986fcd11a5cf1a886030c96 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0b8de922246569bf96136cd5bb1d9643b2d269fe_page_10_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Open loop cards can be redeemed at numerous locations and by many different + +vendors. One type of open loop card is the prepaid general spending card (e.g., a + +Stored Value Card), which is loaded with funds and branded with a payment network + +logo, such as Visa or MasterCard. Funds may be added to the card as needed, and the + +card can be used wherever the payment network brand is accepted. + +# C. Limited Transaction Services Offered by Mainstream Banks to the Unbanked + +The FDIC Household Survey supports the conclusion that money transaction products, such as money orders, are an essential need of the unbanked.[^10] The banks, + +however, have been slow to meet this need. The FDIC Bank Survey found that, + +besides limited check cashing services, banks offer very few products to noncustomers, and when they do, they charge them much higher fees than those charged + +bank customers. + +Only 37 percent of banks surveyed offer bank checks and money orders to noncustomers, and only 6 percent of banks surveyed offer international remittance services to non-customers.[^11] The FDIC Banks Survey concluded that: "Products that are least + +often offered to non-customers are those that allow funds to be transferred + +[^10]: While the unbanked and underbanked need AFS credit products as well as transaction products, credit products are not within the scope of this Study. Although urgently needed by the unbanked, the Postal Service does not now offer credit products, and they raise different risks and legal issues than transaction products. + +[^11]: Since the survey, some banks have begun to perceive a revenue opportunity in international remittances. The section on International Remittances, infra, provides further details about this recent development. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0bdb95a688274d4700bb459e1d9e98e795bbbd05_page_25_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0bdb95a688274d4700bb459e1d9e98e795bbbd05_page_25_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74c1de2874d61e275b350e0846d43395f95e7cb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0bdb95a688274d4700bb459e1d9e98e795bbbd05_page_25_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Using Google Earth KML + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Markers + +Transformation diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0c2450d33684a6c2f9beed7160a1b56372eff6ef_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0c2450d33684a6c2f9beed7160a1b56372eff6ef_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e79c7634e877dc68ed48a7ae8c4af3a358e4fbcb --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0c2450d33684a6c2f9beed7160a1b56372eff6ef_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Farmers Feeding Utah Partners to Help Salt Lake Elementary Schools + +### Julene Reese + +#### 12/22/2020 + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +The need for food assistance in Utah has increased by 300 percent this year. This creates an abundance of families who don’t know where their next meal will come from. + +According to Heidi LeBlanc, Utah State University Extension professor and director of the USU Hunger Solutions Institute and Create Better Health Utah programs, many families don’t have extra funds to have a Christmas, and many don’t even have enough food for the two weeks schools are shut down for the holidays. + +“When school is in session, these families are able to receive free breakfast and lunch,” she said. “But when that is not available, it can cause a huge amount of stress for them.” + +LeBlanc said the Miracle of Agriculture Foundation’s Farmers Feeding Utah program partnered with the Foundation for Kids, an organization that raises funds and support for abused, foster and at-risk children. This month they delivered 38,000 lbs. of potatoes and boxes of cherries to five elementary schools in the Salt Lake Valley. + +“USU Extension, Create Better Health and the Hunger Solutions Institute were honored to be part of the endeavor to help these families,” she said. “One woman at the school started crying and said how much the families needed the food. We are grateful we have a program that can help ease their burdens.” + +LeBlanc said the USU Extension Create Better Health blog includes easy potato recipes so that kids can help with the food preparation. Click here for recipes. + +Farmers Feeding Utah has helped over 18,200 families and donated over 1 million lbs. of food since its inception in April 2020. The program not only helps families and individuals in need, but it also helps farmers in need by purchasing their produce with money that is donated to the program. + +USU Extension Vice President Ken White said the program is helping inspire public confidence and support in American agriculture and meeting hunger needs at the same time, calling it a win-win for everyone. + +“We have friends and neighbors all over the state who are struggling with food insecurity right now, and we are committed to doing all we can to help them,” he said. + +To make a tax-deductible contribution to Farmers Feeding Utah, please visit farmersfeedingutah.org. + +Writer: Julene Reese, 435-757-6418, Julene.Reese@usu.edu + +Contact: Heidi LeBlanc, 435-760-0925, Heidi.Leblanc@usu.edu diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0cc2186f7eaf725f04d5ea575eaa5573539d2395_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0cc2186f7eaf725f04d5ea575eaa5573539d2395_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ee7ccc0baba5fa90f30f0bd09cd49a5639faae5 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0cc2186f7eaf725f04d5ea575eaa5573539d2395_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +TABLE 1 Summary of features and experimental observations for selected multicargo T3SC + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Multicargo chaperoneKnown binding interaction(s) with secreted substratesaMutant virulence defectInteraction with conserved T3SS componentRelevant references
pI/103 Mw
InvB4.5/14.9SspA(SipA), SopE/E2, SopAYes6, 19, 20, 43
Spa154.3/15.2IpaA, IpgB1, IpgB2, OspB, OspC1, OspC2, OspC3, OspD1, OspD2NDb60, 61, 67
CesT4.4/17.7Tir, Map, EspF, EspG, EspH, EspZ, NleA, NleG, NleH, NleH2YesEscN1, 16, 23, 73
HpaB (162 aa)4.3/18.5AvrBs1, AvrBs3, XopF1YesHrcN, HrcU, HrcV3, 7, 8, 46
Mcsc4.6/18.8Ct618, Cap1, Ct225NDCdsQ68
SrcA4.6/16.1SseLYesSsaN11
+ +a Listed by direct interactions in experimental binding assays. Additional roles in effector secretion without demonstrated binding have been observed in some cases. b ND, not determined. + +regardless of gene context. Within the last 10 years, a number of multicargo chaperones have been implicated in binding, recruitment, regulatory, and docking roles. The importance of these proteins is validated by findings where multicargo chaperone mutants exhibit significant virulence defects in animal and plant models of infection. The features of some of these chaperones are presented below and summarized in Table 1. InvB. The invABC genetic locus located within the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) was initially implicated in eukaryotic cell invasion, although invB mutants were still able to invade cells in vitro, making it difficult to assess the contribution of InvB to pathogenesis (22). invB mutants were shown to have a virulence defect in an avian model of Salmonella infection, yet the exact contribution or functional role of InvB in virulence remained unknown (63). At the sequence level, InvB shares 31% sequence similarity with Spa15 (SpaK), a protein encoded in the mxi-spa genetic locus associated with Shigella host cell invasion, and therefore a link to Salmonella invasion was suggested. The first demonstration for InvB being a chaperone was a study that used a yeast two-hybrid approach and in vitro infection experiments. Bronstein et al. (6) discovered that InvB interacts with SspA (SipA) and contributes to efficient translocation of SipA into target host cells. Two groups then answered a key question relating to Salmonella effectors encoded outside SPI-1 by demonstrating that InvB was required for SopE and SopE2 secretion and translocation into host cells (19, 43). Finally, using a polymutant effector Salmonella strain, InvB was shown to interact with SopA (20). Aside from SopE and SopE2, the InvB interacting effectors do not share extensive sequence similarity, which raised the important question of how InvB mediates binding specificity to effector partner proteins. As it turns out, intrinsic structural features within effectors are critical for InvB binding (45) (presented below). Spa15. The invasive enteric pathogen Shigella flexneri (and close relatives) contains a large 213-kb virulence plasmid that encodes components of a T3SS, effectors, chaperones, and transcriptional regulators. A screen for interacting proteins encoded by the virulence plasmid identified a number of potential chaperoneeffector associations (58). Based on homology to InvB, which was previously known as a Salmonella chaperone for the effector SipA/ SspA, a chaperone role for Spa15 was postulated based on an interaction with the effectors IpaA, IpgB1, and OspC3 (58, 60). This was the first evidence that T3SC could interact with multiple effectors and hence introduced the concept of “promiscuous” chaperones, i.e., chaperones that interact with multiple binding partners (35). In fact, a protein interaction platform assay has since revealed that Spa15 interacts with additional Shigella effectors, including IpgB2, OspB, OspC1, OspC2, OspD1, and OspD2 (for a total of nine) (67). Spa15 is involved in the efficient secretion of all nine of these effectors. Interestingly, the OspD1-Spa15 interaction has been implicated in an anti-activator role that negatively influences virulence gene transcription (61). Another observation is that to date Spa15 is the only example of a T3SC that is secreted (26). The relevance of Spa15 secretion remains to be determined. CesT. CesT of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is perhaps one of the most unusual multicargo chaperones, as it was first described as a class IA chaperone for the effector Tir (1, 23). CesT (chaperone E. coli secreted protein Tir) fits many of the criteria for assignment as a class IA chaperone; the cesT gene is immediately adjacent to tir within an operon in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island of attaching and effacing E. coli strains. This is similar to the cognate chaperone effector pairings for class IA chaperones seen in many pathogens (e.g., SycE/YopE, SigE/SigD, SicP/SptP). Additional interaction studies revealed that CesT binds to Map, another LEE-encoded effector (16). The discovery of many non-LEE-encoded effectors, accompanied by the paucity of chaperone candidate genes, raised the possibility that CesT could be involved in non-LEE-encoded effector secretion via the T3SS. Indeed this was the case, as CesT was shown to interact with all the effectors encoded within the LEE and many non-LEE-encoded effectors (73). CesT is known to interact with at least 10 effectors (Table 1) and possibly more given that some effectors are encoded by redundant genes with almost identical sequences (e.g., NleG and EspF protein families). Expectedly, cesT null mutants do not cause overt disease in a mouse model of infection (18). HpaB. Plant pathogens within the genus Xanthomonas use a T3SS to inject multiple effectors into plant cells during infection. The model organism for this group of bacteria is Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, which causes bacterial spot disease in pepper and tomato. Studies have identified a 23-kb hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) gene cluster that contains six operons (hrpA-F) encoding components of a T3SS, effectors, regulators and chaperones (27). Genes without known functions or limited homology to known T3SS proteins in databases were initially termed hrp-associated genes (hpa). In the case of HpaB, it was shown to bind three effector proteins, AvrBs1, AvrBs3, and XopF1 using in vitro binding assays (7, 9). In vitro secretion assays demonstrated that five Xanthomonas effectors require HpaB for efficient secretion into culture supernatants. HpaB is required for Xanthomonas-mediated T3SS injection of two effectors into plant diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0ccc00a50d5e4ab6920b2b6490b27d0c0f30df9d_page_29_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0ccc00a50d5e4ab6920b2b6490b27d0c0f30df9d_page_29_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd3d7aa2b4f1e0d839b0ec4f2cffb7e342b2b6f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0ccc00a50d5e4ab6920b2b6490b27d0c0f30df9d_page_29_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 13. Firm value maximization with optimal capital structure. These plots correspond to the case in which the bankruptcy boundary is selected to maximize overall firm value (first best) given the coupon is selected to maximize firm value as well. The panels show the optimal bankruptcy boundary, the firm and equity values, and the credit spread as a percentage of the benchmark Leland (1994) model for various combinations of the debt forgiveness \(\theta\) and distress cost \(\omega\). The values of the other parameters are provided in Table I. + +spreads as a percentage of the respective values in the Leland (1994) model. However, in contrast to Figure 3, every point that corresponds to a different value of the grace period d, is computed based on a different optimal value of the coupon rate c. For consistency, we select both VB and c to maximize firm value. Two of our main conclusions with respect to the suboptimal coupon rate still hold. First, if Chapter 11 is available, a firm stops diluting equity before the equity value reaches zero and files for bankruptcy. Second, firm value increases relative to the Leland model because the Chapter 11 proceedings are less costly than outright liquidation. However, there is a difference between this case and the case in which the coupon is assumed to be the same for all parameters: While the bankruptcy boundary for the case \(\theta=50%\) and \(\omega=0%\) is the highest, it is one of the lower ones in Figure 3. This arises because the typical value of the optimal coupon diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0e0a30f12921972f7af4f475dde567609d647d25_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0e0a30f12921972f7af4f475dde567609d647d25_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35ae4269c589586aeb17a6ea803ee69737aa2882 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0e0a30f12921972f7af4f475dde567609d647d25_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +## • SUMMARY • + +## NASCENT NECESSITY ENTREPRENEUR WELL-BEING AS AN ANTECEDENT TO ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AND START-UP BEHAVIOR: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF GENDER DIFFERENCES + +# PrincipalTopic + +Wendy Lindsay, University of Adelaide, Australia Noel Lindsay, University of Adelaide, Australia Peter Balan, University of South Australia, Australia Eva Balan-Vnuk, University of Adelaide, Australia + +New venture creation can be stressful as nascent entrepreneurs deal with the uncertainty associated with amassing the necessary resources to establish their ventures. This can lead to poor well-being which may adversely affect their entrepreneurial intention and start-up behavior. Necessity nascent entrepreneurs face even greater stress and poorer well-being levels because starting a business may be an imperative. In the absence of meaningful employment, this may be the only legal means for elevating themselves and their families beyond their poverty-related circumstances. In such situations, women often face additional pressures particularly where their entrepreneurial exploits may be linked to survival of the family unit. + +This research examines to what extent there are subjective well-being differences in women versus men necessity nascent entrepreneurs and whether changes in well-being are associated with changes in entrepreneurial intention. Better understanding the factors that inhibit or enhance entrepreneurial intention and venture start-up behavior in necessity contexts is an essential step toward alleviating poverty. Women are often subjugated to lower societal positions in developing economies; hence, understanding gender-related differences as they pertain to creating new ventures can help to facilitate the success of women and men necessity nascent entrepreneurs. + +# Method + +The research adopts a repeated measures longitudinal design involving an entrepreneurship training intervention. Three waves of data were collected (baseline-T1; post-intervention-T2; and end-of-study-T3). There were 146 women and 141 men participants. + +# Results + +Well-being differences existed between women and men at T1, T2, and T3: Women had lower well-being levels than men at baseline and higher well-being levels at T2 and T3. At T3, women’s well-being was significantly higher than at T1 whereas men’s well-being was significantly lower. A relationship existed between well-being and entrepreneurial intention for both groups across the study. Interestingly, at T3, women demonstrated a negative relationship between well-being and start-up behavior, men demonstrated no relationship between these two variables at all. For both groups, entrepreneurial intention levels varied across the study with a significant relationship existing between entrepreneurial intention and start-up behavior at T3. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0ed74b112dde3b3ce5e3a3d6c69a930afaad342c_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0ed74b112dde3b3ce5e3a3d6c69a930afaad342c_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a58187f6648629942e0abeef0852d58bc2a7f703 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0ed74b112dde3b3ce5e3a3d6c69a930afaad342c_page_1_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Physics Minor (Non-Teaching) + +| PHSX 240 | Honors Gen & Mod Phys I (Recommended) | 4 | +| --- | --- | --- | +| or PHSX 220 | Physics I (w/ calculus) | | +| PHSX 242 | Honors Gen & Mod Phys II (Recommended) | 4 | +| or PHSX 222 | Physics II (w/ calculus) | | +| PHSX 224 | Physics III | 4 | +| PHSX 301 | Intro Theoretical Physics | 3 | +| PHSX 343 | Modern Physics | 3 | +| or PHSX 320 | Classical Mechanics | | +| | Physics electives (PHSX 261 or PHSX 262 or PHSX or ASTR | 10 | +| courses 300 level or above) | | | +| Total Credits | | 28 | + +Students who complete PHSX 343 require 10 credits of physics elective . Students who complete PHSX 320 require 9 credits of physics elective. The physics electives can include no more than 1 credit of PHSX 494, 3 credits of PHSX 492, 3 credits of PHSX 490R, or 4 credits of the combination of PHSX 494, PHSX 492, and PHSX 490R. PHSX 401, PHSX 402, PHSX 403, and PHSX 405 can not be counted towards physics electives. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0ef848c61a9c9a0e190e70dcd1220839d300ff54_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0ef848c61a9c9a0e190e70dcd1220839d300ff54_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15c9078ec8a95347a5ed88063707e94c46ae3830 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0ef848c61a9c9a0e190e70dcd1220839d300ff54_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Brincam um pouco, depois brigam. “O pai não gosta desse pequeno, eu também não gosto do Karlo”, boneco pequeno batizado com seu próprio nome. Deixa os dois e pede a bacia com água. Essa bacia-mãe parece surgir em momentos de maior angústia, tanto como defesa, quanto como elaboração. Brinca somente com o jacaré, que fica nadando na bacia cheia de água. Ele comenta que “está quebrando de novo na boca”, onde nós havíamos colado. Depois, pega os elefantes, retira as cabeças durante as lutas. Eu comento que perdem as trombas, que parecem os pipis (pênis). Ele quer pintar as cabeças, não consegue encaixá-las nos corpos, parecendo que estão trocadas, mostro isso e ele destroca, lava os elefantes, depois pega uma toalha, perguntando: “Tu trocas a água quando fica suja?” A preocupação de Karlo com a mandíbula do jacaré que cai, com as cabeças dos elefantes que se separam dos corpos e as necessidades de consertar os animais e manter a água limpa vão sinalizando medos e defesas diante do perigo da castração. Quer desenhar. Diz que está fazendo uma “ponte toda enroscada... Porque está debaixo d’água... Tem tubarão... Vou fazer comidinha para eles... Tem peixinhos... Que o tubarão come...”. Faço o tubarão, ele comenta que tem “o gancho encima”. Ele diz: “a tua ponte está pegando fogo...”. Está muito brabo, com raiva, vem perto de onde eu estou, fazendo careta de monstro para me assustar. Põe os dedos na sua boca, espicha para os lados e põe a língua para fora. Diz “os monstros te assustam, mas não me assustam porque eles são meus”. Ao sair, comenta para a babá: “Estava bom lá dentro!” e ela responde: “Que bom, então!”. Nessa etapa de sua análise, embora com a predominância de características da posição esquizoparanoide, Karlo não perde sua capacidade de brincar, vivendo suas fantasias. Karlo encena em diversas sessões, com pequenas variações, lutas entre os bichos ferozes, incluindo outros objetos, mas a bacia com água continua presente no cenário lúdico. Pega o leão e coloca na água, depois o jacaré, comenta que “está sem olho”. Eu vejo e realmente tem só um olho. Pede que retire o durex que eu havia colocado para segurar a mandíbula do jacaré. Ele pergunta se já está colado. Pega o cavalinho e o tigre, põe na água. Procura o filhote que está no chão. Bate com força a cabeça do boneco na mesa, respingando água para todos os lados. Com muita raiva fala: “tinha medo de trovão e agora não tenho mais... Sei me cuidar, não me machuco mais, não tem mais pesadelo. Já sei matar... Sonhei com monstros, monstros diferentes... Era um lobo que queria me comer, já sei matar os maus”. O menino continua a encenação que mais parece estar sonhando ali na sessão. Pega o pincel, “é um tubarão que está se aproximando, para espantar o jacaré da água”. O jacaré sai. Vimos que o tubarão é brabo e perigoso e que veio diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0f004b7dab6cf329cf5a4b07ed6127c1e6e866dc_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0f004b7dab6cf329cf5a4b07ed6127c1e6e866dc_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75dffc6a5503367dd102da96996f8baf23878862 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0f004b7dab6cf329cf5a4b07ed6127c1e6e866dc_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +# Review of Accommodations Used During Testing Form Procedures + +## For whom does the Review of Accommodations Used During Testing form need to be completed? + +The form is to be completed for all students who require testing accommodations based on needs + + documented in their: + + + +Current Individualized Education Program (IEP), + + + +Current Section 504 Plan, + + + +Current Limited English Proficient (LEP) Documentation, or + + + +Current Transitory Impairment (TI) Documentation. + +## For which tests does the Review of Accommodations Used During Testing form need to be completed? + +One Review of Accommodations Used During Testing form must be completed for each state test for + + students who are required to receive testing accommodations. + +State tests requiring a Review of Accommodations Used During Testing form include the Beginning- + + of-Grade 3 English Language Arts/Reading Test, End-of-Grade Tests, End-of-Course Tests, CTE Post-Assessments, the ACCESS for ELLs Test, the NC Final Exams, and the College and Career Readiness Alternate Assessments. + +The Review of Accommodations Used During NCEXTEND1 Testing form must be completed for all + + NCEXTEND1 tests. + +In addition, the Review of Accommodations Used During Testing form must be completed for any + + state field test or special study. + +## What is the process for the completion of the Review of Accommodations Used During Testing form? + +The top and left-hand column of the form (i.e., student-identifying information, required testing + + accommodations, signature line) are to be completed at the student’s IEP/Section 504/LEP/TI team meeting where testing accommodations decisions are discussed and documented. All appropriate individuals must be present at this meeting. + + + +The original form is kept with the student’s accommodations documentation. + + + +A copy of the form is provided to the designated school employee to ensure the data is correctly entered into the electronic accommodations management system being used by the school (CECAS, PowerSchool, third-party system). + + + +A copy of the form is provided to the test administrator on testing day to be completed during the testing session. The test administrator records the following information: + + + +Whether or not testing accommodations are provided to the student, + +Whether or not the student used the provided testing accommodations, as well as notes on + + how the accommodations were used, and + +Any other relevant comments or recommendations for the team/committee to discuss while + + making accommodations decisions. + +# What happens with the Review of Accommodations Used During Testing form after testing? + + + +The completed form is filed with the student’s accommodations documentation. + + + +The form is reviewed by the team/committee during the next meeting where accommodations decisions are made diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0f692b1bde8c3e04d1ec47ae43d616fc5c2ff2a9_page_23_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0f692b1bde8c3e04d1ec47ae43d616fc5c2ff2a9_page_23_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b596806e7e9bfcd2cf528d3f6b9b192399066a04 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0f692b1bde8c3e04d1ec47ae43d616fc5c2ff2a9_page_23_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +113. M. Levoy et al., “Light field microscopy,” ACM Trans. Graph. 25(3), 924–934 (2006). + +114. R. Horstmeyer et al., “Flexible multimodal camera using a light field architecture,” in IEEE Int. Conf. on Computational Photography, pp. 1–8, IEEE Press (2009). + +115. T. A. Mitchell and T. W. Stone, “Compact snapshot multispectral imaging system,” U.S. Patent No. 8027041 B1 (2011). + +116. E. le Coarer et al., “PYTHEAS: a multi-channel Fabry Perot spectrometer for astronomical imaging,” Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 111(2), 359–368 (1995). + +117. B. E. Bayer, “Color imaging array,” U.S. Patent No. 3971065 A (1976). + +118. P. E. Buchsbaum and M. J. Morris, “Method for making monolithic patterned dichroic filter detector arrays for spectroscopic imaging,” U.S. Patent No. 6,638,668 B2 (2003). + +119. L. Miao, H. Qi, and W. Snyder, “A generic method for generating multispectral filter arrays,” in Int. Conf. on Image Processing, Vol. 5, pp. 3343–3346, IEEE Press (2004). + +120. G. A. Baone and H. Qi, “Demosaicking methods for multispectral cameras using mosaic focal plane array technology,” Proc. SPIE 6062, 60620A (2006). + +121. J. Brauers and T. Aach, “A color filter array based multispectral camera,” presented at 12. Workshop Farbbildverarbeitung, pp. 5–6, Ilmenau, Germany (October 2006). + +122. R. Shrestha, J. Y. Hardeberg, and R. Khan, “Spatial arrangement of color filter array for multispectral image acquisition,” Proc. SPIE 7875, 787503 (2011). + +123. S.-W. Wang et al., “Concept of a high-resolution miniature spectrometer using an integrated filter array,” Opt. Lett. 32(6), 632–634 (2007). + +124. J. Mercier, T. Townsend, and R. Sundberg, “Utility assessment of a multispectral snapshot LWIR imager,” in 2nd Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing, pp. 1–5, IEEE, Hoboken, NJ (2010). + +125. J. M. Eichenholz et al., “Real time megapixel multispectral bioimaging,” Proc. SPIE 7568, 75681L (2010). + +126. N. Gupta, P. R. Ashe, and S. Tan, “Miniature snapshot multispectral imager,” Opt. Eng. 50(3), 033203 (2011). + +127. H. Halpert and B. L. Musicant, “N-color (Hg,Cd)Te photodetectors,” Appl. Opt. 11(10), 2157–2161 (1972). + +128. A. Rogalski, J. Antoszewski, and L. Faraone, “Third-generation infrared photodetector arrays,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(9), 091101 (2009). + +129. G. C. Gerhard, “A multispectral image sensor array,” Proc. IEEE 59(12), 1718 (1971). + +130. M. N. Abedin et al., “Multicolor focal plane array detector technology: a review,” Proc. SPIE 5152, 279–288 (2003). + +131. X. C. Sun et al., “Multispectral pixel performance using a one-dimen-sional photonic crystal design,” App. Phys. Lett. 89(22), 223522 (2006). + +132. P. Parrein et al., “Multilayer structure for a spectral imaging sensor,” Appl. Opt. 48(3), 653–657 (2009). + +133. P. Mitra et al., “Multispectral long-wavelength quantum-well infrared photodetectors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(19), 3185–3187 (2003). + +134. A. Longoni et al., “The transverse field detector (TFD): a novel color-sensitive CMOS device,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 29(12), 1306– 1309 (2008). + +135. K. Kishino et al., “Resonant cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetectors,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 27(8), 2025–2034 (1991). + +136. J. Wang et al., “Cavity-enhanced multispectral photodetector using phase-tuned propagation: theory and design,” Opt. Lett. 35(5), 742– 744 (2010). + +137. F. Zaraga, G. Langfelder, and A. Longoni, “Implementation of an interleaved image sensor by means of the filterless transverse field detector,” J. Electron. Imaging 19(3), 033013 (2010). + +138. B. Lyot, “Un monochromateur à grand champ utilisant les interférences en lumière polarisée [Wide field monochromator using polarized light interference],” Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences 197, 1593–1595 (1933). + +139. A. Title and W. Rosenberg, “Research on spectroscopic imaging, vol. 2: reference literature,” NASA Tech. Report NSAA-CR-158702, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratories, California (1979). + +140. B. Lyot, “Le filtre monochromatique polarisant et ses applications en physique solaire,” Ann. d’Astrophysique 7, 31–79 (1944). + +141. J. W. Evans, “The birefringent filter,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 39(3), 229–242 (1949). + +142. A. Gorman, D. W. Fletcher-Holmes, and A. R. Harvey, “Generalization of the Lyot filter and its application to snapshot spectral imaging,” Opt. Express 18(6), 5602–5609 (2010). + +143. G. Wong, R. Pilkington, and A. R. Harvey, “Achromatization of Wollaston polarizing beam splitters,” Opt. Lett. 36(8), 1332–1334 (2011). + +144. A. A. Wagadarikar, M. E. Gehm, and D. J. Brady, “Performance comparison of aperture codes for multimodal, multiplex spectroscopy,” Appl. Opt. 46(22), 4932–4942 (2007). + +145. S. B. Mende et al., “Hadamard spectroscopy with a two-dimensional detecting array,” Appl. Opt. 32(34), 7095–7105 (1993). + +146. S. T. McCain et al., “Coded aperture Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurements of ethanol in a tissue phantom,” Appl. Spectrosc. 60(6), 663–671 (2006). + +147. M. E. Gehm and D. J. Brady, “High-throughput hyperspectral microscopy,” Proc. SPIE 6090, 609007 (2006). + +148. A. A. Wagadarikar et al., “Video rate spectral imaging using a coded aperture snapshot spectral imager,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6368–6388 (2009). + +149. V. Studer et al., “Compressive fluorescence microscopy for biological and hyperspectral imaging,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(26), E1679–E1687 (2012). + +150. E. J. Candès and Y. Plan, “A probabilistic and RIPless theory of compressed sensing,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 57(11), 7235–7254 (2011). + +151. D. S. Kittle, D. L. Marks, and D. J. Brady, “Design and fabrication of an ultraviolet-visible coded aperture snapshot spectral imager,” Opt. Eng. 51(7), 071403 (2012). + +152. L. Gao et al., “Depth-resolved image mapping spectrometer (IMS) with structured illumination,” Opt. Express 19(18), 17439–17452 (2011). + +153. M. W. Kudenov and E. L. Dereniak, “Compact real-time birefringent imaging spectrometer,” Opt. Express 20(16), 17973–17986 (2012). + +154. K. Oka and T. Kaneko, “Compact complete imaging polarimeter using birefringent wedge prisms,” Opt. Express 11(13), 1510–1519 (2003). + +155. C. F. Cull et al., “Identification of fluorescent beads using a coded aperture snapshot spectral imager,” Appl. Opt. 49(10), B59–B71 (2010). + +156. P. B. Fellgett, “The theory of infra-red sensitivities and its application to investigations of stellar radiation in the near infra-red,” Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge (1951). + +157. P. Jacquinot, “The luminosity of spectrometers with prisms, gratings, or Fabry-Perot etalons,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 44(10), 761–765 (1954). + +158. P. Griffiths, H. J. Sloane, and R. W. Hannah, “Interferometers vs monochromators: separating the optical and digital advantages,” Appl. Spectrosc. 31(6), 485–495 (1977). + +159. L. W. Schumann and T. S. Lomheim, “Infrared hyperspectral imaging Fourier transform and dispersive spectrometers: comparison of signalto-noise based performance,” Proc. SPIE 4480, 1–14 (2002). + +160. R. G. Sellar, G. D. Boreman, and L. E. Kirkland, “Comparison of signal collection abilities of different classes of imaging spectrometers,” Proc. SPIE 4816, 389–396 (2002). + +161. R. A. Keller and T. S. Lomheim, “Imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (IFTS): parametric sensitivity analysis,” Proc. SPIE 5806, 267–287 (2005). + +162. J. Harlander, R. J. Reynolds, and F. L. Roesler, “Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy for the exploration of diffuse interstellar emission lines at far-ultraviolet wavelengths,” Astrophys. J. 396(2), 730–740 (1992). + +163. J. M. Harlander et al., “Shimmer: a spatial heterodyne spectrometer for remote sensing of Earth’s middle atmosphere,” Appl. Opt. 41(7), 1343–1352 (2002). + +164. S. Watchorn et al., “Sunlight fluorescence observations at 589 nm with the SHIELDS spectrometer system: a progress report,” Proc. SPIE 7812, 781207 (2010). + +165. M. W. Kudenov et al., “Spatial heterodyne interferometry with polarization gratings,” Opt. Lett. 37(21), 4413–4415 (2012). + +166. D. F. Barbe, “Time delay and integration image sensors,” in Solid State Imaging, pp. 659–671, NATO Advanced Science Institutes (ASI), Leyden, Netherlands (1975). + +167. H.-S. Wong, Y. L. Yao, and E. S. Schlig, “TDI charge-coupled devices: design and applications,” IBM J. Res. Devel. 36(1), 83–106 (1992). + +168. G. Lepage, J. Bogaerts, and G. Meynants, “Time-delay-integration architectures in CMOS image sensors,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 56(11), 2524–2533 (2009). + +169. X.-F. He and O. Nixon, “Time delay integration speeds up imaging,” Photon. Spectra 46(5), 50–53 (2012). + +170. J. B. Pawley, ed., Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, 3rd ed., Springer, New York (2006). + +171. N. Hagen, L. Gao, and T. S. Tkaczyk, “Quantitative sectioning and noise analysis for structured illumination microscopy,” Opt. Express 20(1), 403–413 (2012). + +172. J. E. Sánchez et al., “Review and implementation of the emerging CCSDS recommended standard for multispectral and hyperspectral lossless image coding,” in 2011 First Int. Conf. on Data Compression, Communications and Processing, pp. 222–228, IEEE Press (2011). + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Nathan Hagen graduated with a PhD degree in optical sciences at the University of Arizona in 2007, studying snapshot imaging spectrometry and spectropolarimetry (including CTIS). From 2007 to 2009, he worked as a postdoc at Duke University, developing imaging and spectrometry techniques (including CASSI). From 2009 to 2011 he worked as a research scientist at Rice University, continuing work on imaging and spectrometry, including development work on the diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0f727ae22d10919282c22063a6cade3e1fe0b3d2_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0f727ae22d10919282c22063a6cade3e1fe0b3d2_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffcdb209de64725007d029ff3e9dc69eb9c35909 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0f727ae22d10919282c22063a6cade3e1fe0b3d2_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Physician Directory + +## health.ucsd.edu + +Patient Access: 800-926-8273 Physician Access: 855-543-0555 + +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/0f802dfe01644934363d1db3cf8bc60e45e506da_page_13_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/0f802dfe01644934363d1db3cf8bc60e45e506da_page_13_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f69cda779b04413c1c81ef7aa2b2ec0f7f1d2bd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/0f802dfe01644934363d1db3cf8bc60e45e506da_page_13_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Cross border co-ordination + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +- Optimum timing of withdrawal likely to vary + +- Gains from information exchange and coordination: + + - Minimise cross-border distortions and arbitrage + + - Minimise collective action problems + + - Largest gains where spillover risks highest (such as deposit insurance and liability guarantees – eg Hong Kong/Singapore/Malaysia co-ordinating removal of exceptional retail deposit insurance) + +- Strengthening infrastructure and framework for foreign currency liquidity (G20 group) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/10927fb8b1bb10aa9f628cf27e62ebb5eaca3ec8_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/10927fb8b1bb10aa9f628cf27e62ebb5eaca3ec8_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff8bc48828b73ccc393f7db29fc0cfda61c888e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/10927fb8b1bb10aa9f628cf27e62ebb5eaca3ec8_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +###### Supporting Courses and Related Areas + +## Supporting Courses and Related Areas: Require a grade of C or better + +12 + +Students majoring in Polymer Engineering and Science must complete a total of 12 credits (4 courses) of 400-level PES technical electives from the approved list. (Except where noted, courses taken to satisfy General Education requirements may not be used to satisfy PES technical elective requirements.) + +### General Education + +Connecting career and curiosity, the General Education curriculum provides the opportunity for students to acquire transferable skills necessary to be successful in the future and to thrive while living in interconnected contexts. General Education aids students in developing intellectual curiosity, a strengthened ability to think, and a deeper sense of aesthetic appreciation. These are requirements for all baccalaureate students and are often partially incorporated into the requirements of a program. For additional information, see the General Education Requirements (https://bulletins.psu.edu/undergraduate/generaleducation/baccalaureate-degree-general-education-program/) section of the Bulletin and consult your academic adviser. + +The keystone symbol appears next to the title of any course that is designated as a General Education course. Program requirements may also satisfy General Education requirements and vary for each program. + +## Foundations (grade of C or better is required and Inter-Domain courses do not meet this requirement.) + +- Quantification (GQ): 6 credits + +- Writing and Speaking (GWS): 9 credits + +## Breadth in the Knowledge Domains (Inter-Domain courses do not meet this requirement.) + +- Arts (GA): 3 credits + +- Health and Wellness (GHW): 3 credits + +- Humanities (GH): 3 credits + +- Social and Behavioral Sciences (GS): 3 credits + +- Natural Sciences (GN): 3 credits + +## Integrative Studies + +- Inter-Domain Courses (Inter-Domain): 6 credits + +## Exploration + +- GN, may be completed with Inter-Domain courses: 3 credits + +- GA, GH, GN, GS, Inter-Domain courses. This may include 3 credits of World Language course work beyond the 12th credit level or the requirements for the student’s degree program, whichever is higher: credits + +6 + +## University Degree Requirements + +## First Year Engagement + +All students enrolled in a college or the Division of Undergraduate Studies at University Park, and the World Campus are required to take 1 to 3 credits of the First-Year Seminar, as specified by their college First-Year Engagement Plan. + +Other Penn State colleges and campuses may require the First-Year Seminar; colleges and campuses that do not require a First-Year Seminar provide students with a first-year engagement experience. + +First-year baccalaureate students entering Penn State should consult their academic adviser for these requirements. + +##### Cultures Requirement + +6 credits are required and may satisfy other requirements + +- United States Cultures: 3 credits + +- International Cultures: 3 credits + +##### Writing Across the Curriculum + +3 credits required from the college of graduation and likely prescribed as part of major requirements. + +## Total Minimum Credits + +A minimum of 120 degree credits must be earned for a baccalaureate degree. The requirements for some programs may exceed 120 credits. Students should consult with their college or department adviser for information on specific credit requirements. + +## Quality of Work + +Candidates must complete the degree requirements for their major and earn at least a 2.00 grade-point average for all courses completed within their degree program. + +## Limitations on Source and Time for Credit Acquisition + +The college dean or campus chancellor and program faculty may require up to 24 credits of course work in the major to be taken at the location or in the college or program where the degree is earned. Credit used toward degree programs may need to be earned from a particular source or within time constraints (see Senate Policy 83-80 (https://senate.psu.edu/ policies-and-rules-for-undergraduate-students/82-00-and-83-00-degree-requirements/#83-80)). For more information, check the Suggested Academic Plan for your intended program. + +# Academic Advising + +The objectives of the university's academic advising program are to help advisees identify and achieve their academic goals, to promote their intellectual discovery, and to encourage students to take advantage of both in-and out-of class educational opportunities in order that they become self-directed learners and decision makers. + +Both advisers and advisees share responsibility for making the advising relationship succeed. By encouraging their advisees to become engaged in their education, to meet their educational goals, and to develop the habit of learning, advisers assume a significant educational role. The advisee's unit of enrollment will provide each advisee with a primary academic adviser, the information needed to plan the chosen program of study, and referrals to other specialized resources. + +READ SENATE POLICY 32-00: ADVISING POLICY (https://senate.psu.edu/ policies-and-rules-for-undergraduate-students/32-00-advising-policy/) + +### Erie + +###### Gregory Dillon, Ph.D. + +Chair, Polymer Engineering, and Science and Professor of Engineering 213B Burke Center Erie, PA 16563 814-898-6533 dillon@psu.edu + +# Suggested Academic Plan diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/10a748f4a1e7e73731d7317eaf37e6ac91c08a5f_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/10a748f4a1e7e73731d7317eaf37e6ac91c08a5f_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d92e0f6a893688fd4159caca76c957d1f1b6bef --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/10a748f4a1e7e73731d7317eaf37e6ac91c08a5f_page_2_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## ● OPEN ACCESS + +Citation: Ndagijimana A, Mugenzi P, Thomson DR, Hedt-Gauthier B, Condo JU, Ngoga E (2015) PrePex Male Circumcision: Follow-Up and Outcomes during the First Two Years of Implementation at the Rwanda Military Hospital. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0138287. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138287 + +Editor: Charlene S. Dezzutti, University of Pittsburgh, UNITED STATES + +Received: June 8, 2015 + +Accepted: August 28, 2015 + +Published: September 23, 2015 + +Copyright: © 2015 Ndagijimana et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. + +Data Availability Statement: The restrictions prohibiting the authors from making the dataset publicly available are that these data are clients’ confidential medical records. These data can be obtained with IRB review from Dr. Pacifique Mugenzi, a senior officer and Director of Research at Rwanda Military Hospital (mpacific5@gmail.com). + +Funding: These authors have no support or funding to report. + +Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. + +## RESEARCH ARTICLE + +## PrePex Male Circumcision: Follow-Up and Outcomes during the First Two Years of Implementation at the Rwanda Military Hospital + +Albert Ndagijimana[^1]☯[^ddagger]*, Pacifique Mugenzi[^2]☯[^ddagger], Dana R. Thomson[^1],3, Bethany Hedt-Gauthier[^1],3, Jeanine U. Condo[^1], Eugene Ngoga[^2] + +[^1]: University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences School of Public Health, Kigali, Rwanda, + +[^2]: Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, 3 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America + +☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. + +[^ddagger]: These authors are joint first authors on this work. + +* albert.ndagijimana@gmail + +# Abstract + +### Background + +PrePex Male Circumcision (MC) has been demonstrated as an effective and scalable strategy to prevent HIV infection in low- and middle-income countries. This study describes the follow-up and outcomes of clients who underwent PrePex MC between January 2011 and December 2012 with weekly follow-up at the Rwanda Military Hospital, the first national hospital in Rwanda to adopt PrePex. + +### Methods + +Data on570 clients age 21 to 54 were extracted from patient records. We compared sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the operator's qualification, HIV status, pain before and after device removal, urological status, device size and follow-up time between clients who were formally discharged and those who defaulted. We reported bivariate associations between each covariate and discharge status, number of people with adverse events by discharge status, and time to formal discharge or defaulting using life table methods. Data were entered into Epidata and analyzed with Stata v13. + +### Results + +Among study participants, 96.5% were circumcised by non-physician operators, 85.4% were under 30years, 98.9% were HIV-negative and 97.9% were without any urological problems that could delay the healing time. Most (70.7%) defaulted before formal discharge. Pain before (p<0.001) and after PrePex device removal (p = 0.001) were associated with discharge status, although very few cases were reported, and pain was more commonly missing among defaulters. Twenty-seven adverse events were reported (7 formally diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/10e70f01a13bfba21bd8f7e2c6e64ab121a274e3_page_12_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/10e70f01a13bfba21bd8f7e2c6e64ab121a274e3_page_12_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc7bb6fbc6d6ee26d0a25d244390fcac55c52e00 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/10e70f01a13bfba21bd8f7e2c6e64ab121a274e3_page_12_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +■ + +## Protein Domain Architecture and TK Classification + +Protein domains composing the ichthyosporean and corallochytrean TKs were annotated by the search of SMART (http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de, last accessed December 13, 2013) and Pfam (http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/, last accessed December 13, 2013) databases, which were then subjected to manual inspections of the result alignments. Sequences that were not mapped to any known domain were further searched for in the public databases and in other ichthyosporean TKs, and two domains (I1 and I3 domains) were newly annotated. TM segments and signal peptides of RTKs were manually predicted. For the detailed classification of CTK families, their N-terminal myristoylation sites were predicted by the Myristoylator program (Bologna et al. 2004), which provides the prediction confidence by the score S. We classified TKs into families based on their domain architectures and phylogenetic positions as in (Suga et al. 2012). TKs without clear domain architectural information or an apparent affiliation to a specific family supported by the phylogeny were provisionally classified into IchRTK20 (for ichthyosporean genes) or CorRTK4 (for corallochytrean genes) families. + +## Network Analysis of Domain Architecture + +■ + +Domain architectures of proteins containing the four pTyr signaling domains (TK catalytic, PTP catalytic, SH2, and PTB domains) were manually examined. The domain combinations occurring in these proteins were represented by a network drawn by Cytoscape (http:// www.cytoscape.org/, last accessed December 13, 2013). In the network, co-occurring two domains are represented by two circles directly connected by a line. Duplicated domains in a protein were not counted. + +## Phylogenetic Tree Inference + +Phylogenetic trees were inferred from the kinase (catalytic) domain sequences (225 amino acid positions) by the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method, using the \(LG-\Gamma\) model with four rate categories implemented in RAxML version 7.2.8 (Stamatakis 2006). The alignment is in supplementary fig. S10, Supplementary Material online. The obtained topology was further optimized by the genetic algorithm-based heuristic approach (Katoh et al. 2001; Suga, Schmid, et al. 2008; Suga et al. 2012), in which all the possible topologies generated both by crossing over all trees in the population and by the subtree pruning and regrafting (SPR) and tree bisection and reconnection (TBR) algorithms started from the best tree were evaluated. To avoid the long-branch attraction artifact, Awh_RS39176 of Abeoforma and Apa_RS28315.0.1 of Amoebidium were excluded from phylogenetic analyses. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/11253d83d886378909f8b24d24d8a90412099087_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/11253d83d886378909f8b24d24d8a90412099087_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f46de4bde8044252080a537afd901d803bb64b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/11253d83d886378909f8b24d24d8a90412099087_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +被験物質投与液を 20 mL/kg の投与容量で投与するとき、被験物質濃度が投与用量となるよう調製した。 + +最高投与用量は、「遺伝毒性試験ガイドライン」で指定されている 2,000 mg/kg とし、以下公比 2 で 3 用量設定した。陽性対照には、MMC を用いた。 + +被験物質投与液を 1 日 1 回 2 日間強制経口投与し、最終投与 24 時間後に生存している動物を炭酸ガス吸入法で安楽死させた後、大腿骨を摘出し、ウシ胎児血清を用いて骨髄細胞を洗い出した。採取した骨髄細胞を遠心分離し、骨髄塗抹標本を作製した。骨髄塗抹標本は、メタノールで固定した後、アクリジン・オレンジ溶液で染色し、標本観察に供した。 + +標本の観察は盲検法で行い、1 動物につき 2 枚の標本を用い、1 標本当たり全赤血球 500 個中の幼若赤血球 (PCE) および成熟赤血球 (NCE) と PCE 1,000 個中の小核を有する PCE (MNPCE) を数えた。すなわち、1 動物当たり全赤血球 1,000 個中の PCE と PCE 2,000 個中の MNPCE を数えた。標本の観察結果については、各動物ごとに、全赤血球 (PCE + NCE) 中の PCE の比率 (PCE%) および PCE 中の MNPCE の比率 (MNPCE%) を求めた後、群ごとに集計し、平均値および標準偏差を求めた。PCE% については、陰性対照群（0.5% MC 水溶液）と各被験物質投与群の 2 群間で等分散の検定を行った後、分散が等しい場合には Student の t 検定を、分散が等しくない場合は Welch の検定を行った。有意水準は等分散の検定で両側 5% とし、Student の t 検定および Welch の検定で片側 1% とした。MNPCE% については、陰性対照群（0.5% MC 水溶液）と各被験物質投与群の 2 群間で条件付 2 項検定（Kastenbaum and Bowman による検定 12) ） + +を用いて検定を行った。 + +結果および考察 + +1. ほ乳類培養細胞を用いる染色体異常試験 + +短時間処理法による結果を Table 1 に示した。 + +陰性対照における構造異常を有する細胞の出現率は、-S9 処理および +S9 処理ともに 1.0% であった。また、倍数性異常を有する細胞の出現率は、-S9 処理および +S9 処理ともに 0.0% であった。陽性対照の MMC および B[a]P を処理した細胞では、染色分体型の切断および交換の異常が多数観察され、その出現率は 65.5% および 35.0% と陰性対照と比べて顕著な増加を示した。 + +GPCR を処理した細胞では、構造異常を有する細胞の出現率が、-S9 処理で 0.5～1.0%、+S9 処理で 0.0～1.5% となり、陰性対照と比較して有意な増加を示さなかった。また、倍数性異常を有する細胞の出現率は、-S9 処理および +S9 処理ともに 0.0% であり、陰性対照と比較して有意な増加を示さなかった。 + +連続処理法による結果を Table 2 に示した。 + +陰性対照における構造異常を有する細胞の出現率は、1.0% であった。また、倍数性異常を有する細胞の出現率は、0.0% であった。陽性対照の MMC を処理した細胞では、染色分体型の切断および交換の異常が多数観察され、その出現率は 47.0% と陰性対照と比べて顕著な増加を示した。 + +GPCR を処理した細胞では、構造異常を有する細胞の出現率が、0.0～1.0% となり、陰性対照と比較して有意な増加を示さなかった。また、倍数性異常を有する細胞の出現率は、0.0% であり、陰性対照と比較して有意な増加を + +Table 1. Chromosome Aberration Test of Garcinia Powder CR : Short-term Treatment Method + +
Substance Dose
(
μg/mL)		 Treatment
time
(hr)		 - Recovery
time
(hr)		 S9
mix		 Number of
analyzed
cells		 Number of structurally
aberrant cells		 Number of
polyploid
cells
(%)		 Cell
proliferation rate
(%)
gap ctb cte csb cse frg Total (%)
gap
Saline — 6 — 18 — 200 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 ( 1.0) 0 (0.0) 100.0
Garcinia Powder CR 125 6 — 18 — 200 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 ( 0.5) 0 (0.0) 95.5
250 6 — 18 — 200 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 ( 1.0) 0 (0.0) 98.0
500 P 6 — 18 — 200 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ( 0.5) 0 (0.0) 101.5
1,000 P 6 — 18 — 200 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 ( 1.0) 0 (0.0) 101.9
2,000 P 6 — 18 — 200 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 ( 0.5) 0 (0.0) 99.8
MMC 0.1 6 — 18 — 200 0 47 101 0 0 0 131 (65.5)** 0 (0.0) 84.2
Saline — 6 — 18 + 200 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 ( 1.0) 0 (0.0) 100.0
Garcinia Powder CR 250 6 — 18 + 200 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 ( 0.5) 0 (0.0) 113.1
500 6 — 18 + 200 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 ( 1.5) 0 (0.0) 118.4
1,000 P 6 — 18 + 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0.0) 0 (0.0) 109.1
2,000 P 6 — 18 + 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0.0) 0 (0.0) 100.4
4,000 P 6 — 18 + 200 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 ( 0.5) 0 (0.0) 107.9
B[a]P 20 6 — 18 + 200 0 20 63 0 0 0 70 (35.0)** 0 (0.0) 72.5
+ +ctb, chromatid break; cte, chromatid exchange; csb, chromosome break; cse, chromosome exchange; frg, fragmentation; + +MMC, mitomycin C; B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene + +Fisher's exact test: Significant difference from control *: \(p < 0.05\) , **: \(p < 0.01\) + +P, precipitation + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/11c366821f12fc6ed2ab424475f9626602b8915e_page_10_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/11c366821f12fc6ed2ab424475f9626602b8915e_page_10_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0d4fd69f8c6c284842d5f0a0f5b1da2faa4489d --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/11c366821f12fc6ed2ab424475f9626602b8915e_page_10_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +Prognostic utility of growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1054–60. + +38. Mueller T, Leitner I, Egger M, Haltmayer M, Dieplinger B. Association of the + +biomarkers soluble ST2, galectin-3 and growth-differentiation factor-15 with heart failure and other non-cardiac diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;445:155–60. + +39. Lind L, Wallentin L, Kempf T, Tapken H, Quint A, Lindahl B, Olofsson S, Venge P, Larsson A, Hulthe J, Elmgren A, Wollert KC. Growth-differentiation factor-15 is an independent marker of cardiovascular dysfunction and disease in the elderly: results from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) Study. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:2346–53. + +40. Greenland P, Bonow RO, Brundage BH, Budoff MJ, Eisenberg MJ, Grundy + +SM, Lauer MS, Post WS, Raggi P, Redberg RF, et al. ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography). Circulation. 2007;115:402–26. + +41. Gaisl T, Schlatzer C, Schwarz EI, Possner M, Stehli J, Sievi NA, Clarenbach CF, Dey D, Slomka PJ, Kaufmann PA, Kohler M. Coronary artery calcification, epicardial fat burden, and cardiovascular events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0126613. + +42. Chandra D, Gupta A, Strollo Jr PJ, Fuhrman CR, Leader JK, Bon J, Slivka WA, Shoushtari AH, Avolio J, Kip KE, Reis S, Sciurba FC. Airflow limitation and endothelial dysfunction: Unrelated and independent predictors of atherosclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;194:38–47. + +43. Unsicker K, Spittau B, Krieglstein K. The multiple facets of the TGF-beta + +family cytokine growth/differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2013;24:373–84. + +44. Urban MH, Valipour A, Kiss D, Eickhoff P, Funk GC, Burghuber OC. Soluble + +receptor of advanced glycation end-products and endothelial dysfunction in COPD. Respir Med. 2014;108:891–7. + +45. Clarenbach CF, Sievi NA, Brock M, Schneiter D, Weder W, Kohler M. Lung + +volume reduction surgery and improvement of endothelial function and blood pressure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;192:307–14. + +46. Hueper K, Vogel-Claussen J, Parikh MA, Austin JH, Bluemke DA, Carr J, Choi J, Goldstein TA, Gomes AS, Hoffman EA, Kawut SM, Lima J, Michos ED, Post WS, Po MJ, Prince MR, Liu K, Rabinowitz D, Skrok J, Smith BM, Watson K, Yin Y, Zambeli-Ljepovic AM, Barr RG. Pulmonary microvascular blood flow in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. The MESA COPD Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;192:570–80. + +47. Oksanen T, Kivimaki M, Pentti J, Virtanen M, Klaukka T, Vahtera J. Self-report + +as an indicator of incident disease. Ann Epidemiol. 2010;20:547–54. + +# Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and we will help you at every step: + +- We accept pre-submission inquiries + +- Our selector tool helps you to find the most relevant journal + +- We provide round the clock customer support + +- Convenient online submission + +- Thorough peer review + +- Inclusion in PubMed and all major indexing services + +- Maximum visibility for your research + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/11d9533a2a540f8ab80b08408ac2201e7d9121c8_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/11d9533a2a540f8ab80b08408ac2201e7d9121c8_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23ad022ead45ee5697ce39fdb0a17a6c6e384dfa --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/11d9533a2a540f8ab80b08408ac2201e7d9121c8_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +Xiaokui Mo, Samuel K. Kulp, Charles L. Shapiro and Ching-Shih Chen (2014). AMPK Reverses the Mesenchymal Phenotype of Cancer Cells by Targeting the Akt–MDM2– Foxo3a Signaling Axis. Cancer Res., 74(17): 4783-4795. + +Cicatiello, A.G., R. Ambrosio and M. Dentice (2017). Thyroid hormone promotes differentiation of colon cancer stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol., 459: 84-89. doi:10.1016/ j.mce.2017.03.017. + +Daniel, C. Berry, Liraz Levi and Noa Noy (2014). Holo-retinol-binding protein and its receptor STRA6 drive oncogenic transformation. Cancer Res., 74(21): 6341-6351. + +Eilon Krashin, Agnieszka Piekielko-Witkowska, Martin Ellis and Osnat Ashur-Fabian (2019). Thyroid Hormones and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)., 10: 59. + +Elliott, A.C. and W.A. Woodward (2007). Statistical Analysis Quick Reference Guidebook: With SPSS Examples. Sage. + +Gavi, S., S. Qurashi, L.M. Stuart, R. Lau, M.M. Melendez, D.C. Mynarcik, M.A. McNurlan and M.C. Gelato (2008). Influence of age on the association of retinol-binding protein 4 with metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring)., 16: 893-5. + +Goebel-Stengel, M., L. Wang, A. Stengel and Y. Tache (2011). Localization of Nesfatin-1 neurons in the mouse brain and functional implication. Brain Res., 1396(1): 20-34. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.04.031. + +Graham, T.E., Q. Yang, M. Blüher, A. Hammarstedt, T.P. Ciaraldi, R.R. Henry, C.J. Wason, A. Oberbach, P.A. Jansson and U. Smith (2006). Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in lean, obese and diabetic subjects. N. Engl. J. Med., 354: 2552-63. Colorectal cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and protective factorsView in Chinese. + +Hörkkö, T.T., K. Tuppurainen, S.M. George, P. Jernvall, T.J. Karttunen and M.J. Mäkinen (2006). Thyroid hormone receptor 1 in normal colon and colorectal cancer association with differentiation, polypoid growth type and K-ras mutations. Int. J. Cancer., 118(7): 1653-1659. + +Ingelsson, E. and L. Lind (2009). Circulating retinol-binding protein 4 and subclinical cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Diabetes Care., 32:733-5. + +Jung-Yu Kan, Meng-Chi Yen, Jaw-Yuan Wang, Deng-Chyang Wu, Yen-Jung Chiu, Ya-Wen Ho and Po-Lin Kuo (2016). Nesfatin-1/Nucleobindin-2 enhances cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via LKB1/ AMPK/TORC1/ZEB1 pathways in colon cancer. Oncotarget., 7(21): 31336-31349. + +Kress, E., S. Skah, M. Sirakov, J. Nadjar, N. Gadot, J.Y. Scoazec, J. Samarut and M. Plateroti (2010). Cooperation between the thyroid hormone receptor TRalpha1 and the WNT pathway in the induction of intestinal tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology., 138: 1863-74. https://doi.org/10.1053/ j.gastro.2010.01.041. + +Lambadiari, V., N.P. Kadoglou, V. Stasinos, E. Maratou. A. Antoniadis, F. Kolokathis, J. Parissis, E. Hatziagelaki, E.K. + +Iliodromitis and G. Dimitriadis (2014). Serum levels of retinol-binding protein-4 are associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol., 13: 121. + +Lee, Y.S., Y.T. Chin and Y.J. Shih et al., (2018). Thyroid hormone promotes -catenin activation and cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. Horm Cancer., 9(3): 156-165. doi:10.1007/ s12672-018-0324-y. + +Lim, S., J.W. Yoon, S.H. Choi, Y.J. Park, J.J. Lee, J.H. Park, S.B. Lee, K.W. Kim, J.Y. Lim and Y.B. Kim (2010). Combined impact of adiponectin and retinol-binding protein 4 on metabolic syndrome in elderly people: the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. Obesity (Silver Spring)., 18: 826-32. + +Lin, H.Y., Y.T. Chin and Y.C. Yang et al., (2016). Thyroid hormone, cancer and apoptosis. Compr Physiol., 6(3):1221-1237. doi:10.1002/cphy.c150035. + +Meester, R.G.S., A. Mannalithara. I. Lansdorp-Vogelaar and U. Ladabaum (2019). Trends in Incidence and Stage at Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer in Adults Aged 40 Through 49 Years, 1975-2015. J.A.M.A.,321:1933. + +Nakagawa, H., H. Ito, S. Hosono, I. Oze, H. Mikami and M. Hattori et al., (2016). Changes in trends in colorectal cancer incidence rate by anatomic site between 1978 and 2004 in Japan. Eur. J. Cancer. Prev. + +Olga Rostkowska, Piotr Spychalski, Malgorzata Dobrzycka, Maciej Wilczyñski andrzej J. Lachiñski, Lukasz Oboloñczyk, Krzysztof Sworczak and Jarek Kobiela (2019). Effects of thyroid hormone imbalance on colorectal cancer carcinogenesis and risk-a systematic review. Endokrynologia Polska., 70(2): 190-197. + +Patrick, H. Dessein, Linda Tsang, Gavin R. Norton, Angela J. Woodiwiss and Ahmed Solomon (2014). Retinol Binding Protein 4 Concentrations Relate to Enhanced Atherosclerosis in Obese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLOS ONE., 9(3): e92739. + +Prashanth Rawla, Tagore Sunkara and Adam Barsouk (2019). Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival and risk factors. Prz. Gastroenterol., 14(2): 89-103. doi: 10.5114/pg.2018.81072. + +Shinsuke, O.I., S. Hiroyuki, S. Tetsurou, O. Shuichi, A. Sachika, I. Kinji, E. Hiroshi, Y. Masanori, I. Toshihiro and H. Koushi (2006). Identification of nesfatin-1 as a satiety molecule in the hypothalamus. Nature., 443: 709-712. + +Siegel, R.L., K.D. Miller and A. Jemal (2015). Cancer statistics, 2015. C.A. Cancer. J. Clin., 65: 529. + +Sun, Q., U.A. Kiernan, L. Shi, D.A. Phillips, B.B. Kahn, F.B. Hu, J.E. Manson, C.M. Albert and K.M. Rexrode (2013). Plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective analysis among women in the Nurses’ Health Study. Circulation., 127: 1938-1947. + +Wang, G.H., H. Gui, H.L. Wang, Y.Y. Wei and J.B. Li (2014). Control study of Plasma Nesfatin-1 and cortisol level in gastric cancer Patients With or Without dePres- sion. Lin diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/1218c2e64afa8cbdcb4880220c7abb6540d38e51_page_3_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/1218c2e64afa8cbdcb4880220c7abb6540d38e51_page_3_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e5b5664a4acd1bc33346ab45dcc3472958a646e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/1218c2e64afa8cbdcb4880220c7abb6540d38e51_page_3_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +Fig. 3 + +Fig. 4 + +Microcontroller + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/1245af60e0a4e29dd0df5b748b1ff8e9e2ff3be2_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/1245af60e0a4e29dd0df5b748b1ff8e9e2ff3be2_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8bc97595f319350883e18cf9b602486aea5d6b7e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/1245af60e0a4e29dd0df5b748b1ff8e9e2ff3be2_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +Table 4 Fumigant and contact toxicity of essential oil of A. stolonifera aerial parts and its main components against L. serricorne adults. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Fumigant toxicity 95% FLcContact toxicity 95% FLc
TreatmentLC50aChi squareLD50bChi square
(μg/mL air)(χ2)(μg/adult)(χ2)
Essential oil0.991.58- 3.379.3812.6811.14-14.1614.16
Eucalyptol*5.184.63- 5.7016.7915.5812.88-18.0215.18
β-Pinene29.0326.38-31.7917.4865.5558.13-76.0921.62
Camphor2.912.57- 3.2613.1111.307.78-14.0716.13
Terpinen-4-ol1.300.75- 1.7012.445.423.99- 6.5711.63
Phosphine**9.23×10–37.13×10–3-11.37×10–311.96－－－
Pyrethrins**－－－0.240.16- 0.3517.36
+ +*Data from Zhang et al.1); ** data from Yang et al.31); a 50% of lethal concentration; b 50% of lethal dose; c fiducial limits. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 2 Percentage repellency (PR) of the essential oil from A. stolonifera aerial parts and its constituents against T. castaneum at 2 h (A) and 4 h (B) after exposurea. ameans in the same column followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. PR was subjected to an arcsine square-root transformation before ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/12abc83ccaae0bd5e561b1c4d1d76cfcdc5873e3_page_144_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/12abc83ccaae0bd5e561b1c4d1d76cfcdc5873e3_page_144_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56eaec341507305512f185cef2bae2122c9575f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/12abc83ccaae0bd5e561b1c4d1d76cfcdc5873e3_page_144_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +forms of PPI, 30f, 33–34, 33f GDP per capita, 96t infrastructure investment declines, 28 infrastructure spending, 112n investment needed for universal utility access, 107t meeting coverage level of Korea, 101, 102t meeting Korea’s infrastructure levels, 105t–106t spending on infrastructure, 1–2, 8 legal system, 61 Liquidity Facility, 71, 72b logistics costs, 23–24, 112n + +# M + +34 + +maintenance, 2, 9, 58, 75, 104 cost recovery, 47 expenditures, 101 Peru, 59b–60b management and lease contracts, 30f, 33f, management of PPI, 60–61 Mexico, 83, 84b, 100t, 101 middle-income economies, 97n, 97t Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 13, 115n municipal development funds, 81–82 Municipal Fund, 80–81 + +# N + +78 + +net present value of wealth accounting, nonpayment for services, 45 + +# O + +operational risk, 64t Organization of Caribbean Utility Regulators, 66 output-based aid, 55, 55b Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), 71, 72b + +# P + +Paraguay, 55b, 113n Paranacidade, 82b–83b partial risk guarantee (PRG), 12, 72–73 + +Partial Risk Guarantee Facility (PRGF), 73 pension funds, 76b performance of infrastructure sectors, 16, 18 Peru, 25, 38b, 59b–60b phones, 17t, 87–88, 87f. See also coverage; telecommunications faults reported, 90f infrastructure reform, 31b mobile expansion, 88 per telecom employee, 90f quality, 89 meeting Korea’s coverage levels, 105t–106t subscriptions, 88 political risk, 64t, 75 poor people, 53–55, 57 poverty, 4, 36, 48–50 cost recovery effects, 70 inadequate infrastructure, 24–26 maintenance of infrastructure, 60b poverty gap, 114n power, 109t–110t. See also electricity PPI. See private participation in infrastructure PPP. See public-private partnership PRG. See partial risk guarantee PRGF. See Partial Risk Guarantee Facility price caps, 10, 38, 67–68 private participation in infrastructure (PPI), 2, 5, 9–10, 31 forms, 30f, 33–34, 33f Latin America, 4 levels in LAC, 28 management, 60–61 new investments, 33 performance, 27–28 positive impacts, 35–37 public opinion, 12–13, 34–35 requirements for success, 43 private sector, 2, 54 interest in infrastructure, 39–40, 73–74 privatization, 30, 41b–42b. See also concessions coordinating with reform, 60–61 corruption, 42b differing perceptions, 113n failures, 39 infrastructure reform, 31b job losses, 112n public opinion, 5–6, 6f, 34f, 40, 41b–42b renegotiations, 6, 10 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/12cf936d94737c51bca20ddc7b2a500267b94c9b_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/12cf936d94737c51bca20ddc7b2a500267b94c9b_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8344a7e3e580810e9de621b7bf6abe0d559db1d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/12cf936d94737c51bca20ddc7b2a500267b94c9b_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +افزایش یافته است. این موضوع نشانگر جذب انرژی و شکل پذیری بیشتر این سازه ها می باشد. مجدداً متفاوت بودن ضریب کاهش مقاومت برای سازه های با مهاربندی های متفاوت در این مدل ها نیز دیده می شود. + +برای این دسته از سازه ها نیز， ضریب رفتار برای سه حالت تغییر مکان نسبی 1/5٪， 2٪ و 3٪ محاسبه شده و نتایج آن در جدول 5 آورده شده است. در این جدول نیز مشاهده می شود که مقدار ضریب رفتار نسبت به مدل های طراحی شده بر اساس آیین نامه + +جدول 5. ضریب رفتار مدل های طراحی شده با روش پیشنهادی [4] + +
رکورد هایمعیارهای مختلفضریب رفتار مدل ها تحت اثر رکورد های مختلف برای معیار های مختلف
CX2CZ2CV2CVinv2CX6CZ6CV6CVinv6
ناغاننسبی مکان5/5476/9155/4595/2134/6845/6515/1116/349
طبس5/5236/9135/3595/1385/0605/1994/9716/438
السنترو5/5456/8745/3705/2794/8475/2695/2906/354
ناغاننسبی مکان5/8457/4716/0565/6265/2566/4855/3177/355
طبس5/8837/5086/4386/0045/9545/8195/2647/051
السنترو5/8637/4646/1245/7825/8236/0365/4826/947
ناغاننسبی مکان7/1398/1297/1696/8187/2627/7175/8348/576
طبس6/9268/8767/5126/7657/5427/7017/2907/703
السنترو6/9149/6107/5166/8347/0847/5695/5108/178
+ +مشاهده می گردد در سازه های شش طبقه حداکثر 1/6 و در سازه های دو طبقه حداکثر 3/3 درصد فولاد بیشتر مصرف می گردد ولی با توجه به افزایش شکل پذیری و ظرفیت این سازه ها و نیز نوع مناسب خرابی (خرابی مهاربندها و عدم شکست موضعی ستون ها) این درصد اضافی توجه اقتصادی دارد. [4] + +3-6. میزان افزایش وزن سازه های پیشنهادی با توجه به مقاطع مورد استفاده， وزن فولاد مصرفی در هر یک از سازه ها محاسبه شده و میزان درصد فولاد اضافی برای سازه های طراحی شده با روش پیشنهادی نسبت به سازه های طراحی شده با روش آیین نامه 2800 در جدول 6 آورده شده است. همانگونه که + +جدول 6. درصد افزایش فولاد در روش پیشنهادی نسبت به روش آیین نامه [4] + +
تناژ فولادCX2CZ2CV2Cvinv2CX6CZ6CV6Cvinv6
درصد فولاد اضافی2/5٪2/2٪3/3٪1/4٪5/6٪4/4٪6/1٪5/8٪
+ +2- اصل طراحی ظرفیت در آیین نامه 2800 در طراحی سازه های مهاربندی محوری به خوبی در نظر گرفته نشده است. + +3- ضریب رفتار 6 که آیین نامه 2800 برای این نوع سازه ها پیشنهاد می کند قابل حصول نبوده و نیز برای همه ی انواع مهاربندهای محوری یکسان نمی باشد. + +4- در سازه های طراحی شده با روش پیشنهادی， خرابی به صورت تسلیم و کمانش در مهاربندها اتفاق می افتد و ستون ها دچار کمانش و شکست موضعی نمی شوند. + +5- سازه های طراحی شده با روش پیشنهادی， ظرفیت， شکل پذیری و ضریب رفتار بیشتری نسبت به سازه های طراحی شده با آیین نامه 2800 را دارند. + +6- طراحی سازه ها با روش پیشنهادی， اگرچه درصد فولاد مصرفی را کمی افزایش می دهد ولی با توجه به اینکه رفتار سازه را بهبود می بخشد， توجه اقتصادی دارد. + +7. نتیجه گیری + +همان گونه که در این مقاله شرح داده شد سازه های طراحی شده با سیستم مهاربندی های محوری بر اساس آیین نامه 2800 دارای شکل پذیری بسیار کم می باشند. در این سازه ها در بیشتر موارد ستون ها دچار کمانش زودرس گشته و اجازه جذب انرژی در مهاربندها را نمی دهند. + +در مقابل سازه های طراحی شده به روش پیشنهادی رفتار شکل پذیر از خود نشان داده و دارای ظرفیت بالای جذب انرژی می باشند. مواردی از نتایج در زیر آورده شده و نتایج کامل در مرجع [4] آمده است. + +1- در سازه های مهاربندی محوری طراحی شده با روش آیین نامه 2800， قبل از تسلیم مهاربندها， ستون ها دچار کمانش کلی می شوند. + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/12e836a20227be4b63f7dcdebb2498e9d189d4da_page_5_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/12e836a20227be4b63f7dcdebb2498e9d189d4da_page_5_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42b09afbd3723789ba80691d2e3bf0449b62f0c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/12e836a20227be4b63f7dcdebb2498e9d189d4da_page_5_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +## + +## :خٍ ِ شبٌ ا غىدحٌ ا داسح ئ بجبدِ + +## :ٍ ه خٍ ِ شبٌ ا غىدحٌ ا ئداسح هبُ ٍ ع َ رمى ٍ زٌ ا سخُ شئٌا بد ج + +## ب ّ ٌ ا + +ٜ لِ ف ب + +ف + +ٟ ً ضّ رز خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح ك ١ ر د ٠ٛ زَ ّ ٌ ا غ١ّ ع ٝ ٍ ػٚ خّ ظٕ ّ ٌ ا َ بَ أل ً و ف ٝ ٍ زغ٠ٚ ،خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح ك١ز بػلحَ ّ ٌ ا ف ٚ ظوٌ ا ئخ١ٙ رٚ خِ ال + +ط ٌ ا ْ أ ش + +طج ٟ ٝ ٌ ٚ األ حٛ ق ٟ خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح فخَ ٍفك١ ثز طج ٌ ًب٠و٘ ٛ عٚ ب١ٍ بٍ أ ى ٌ ا خ٠جشوٌ اٚ خ٠بكّ ٌ ا اهكٛ ّ ٌ ا و١فٛ ر ٓ ػ خٌ ٛ ئَ ّ ٌ ا بٙ ٔ ٛ و ف .)َ 4500، عواك ٛ أث ) .خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح ػٔٚ ك١ز + +ه ال:بٍُعٌا داسحاإل ُ ودع َ زضاٌ ا .0 طج ب١ٍ ؼٌا كاهحاإل َ زياٌ ا اعواء ب١ٍ ؼٌا كاهحاإل َ زياٌ ا ؼل٠ٚ ،د١ٍّب ؼٌاٚ ي ٓ ِ هٌ م غب + +ال + +طج ٌ + +ب + +ق ٓ َ ورىى ٓ ُ ٍ ِ عبٌا شبسوخِ .4 + +ٟ + +ٖ ن٘ طو ٕ ػ ُ ٘ أ ٞ جشوٌ ا ظو ٕ ؼٌا خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح ٛ ٘ ٚ ي١ّ زٌ اٚ كحٛ غٌ ا ك ١زؾمٌ ٝ ٌ ٚ األ خٍ ١ٍ ٛ ٌ ا ٛ ٙ ف،خّ ظٕ ّ ٌ ا ف بكح١مٌ ا خ١ٍ ّ ػ ٝ ٌ ٛ ز١ٍ ٓ ِ ً ؼب ٠أ .)َ 4504،لِ ؽب)خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح تٍ رز + +رؼزجو:ً ّ عٌا فش ظو ٕ ػ ُ ٘ أ ٟ ٌ زبٌ ثبٚ لح٠غلٌ ا خ١غٙ ٕ ّ ٌ ا بّ و ،و١وؤع ٌ ١ٌ ٚ ه٠وشو ٗ زٍ ِ ؼبِ ت ٠ هٌ نٌ ،خ١غٙ ٕ ّ ٌ ا ٖ نٙ ٌ ن١فٕزٌ اٚ ط + +غ + +ٟ + +ف + +م ف ٛ ّ ٍ ٌ ل٠غلٌ ا ٟ ّ ١ظٕ زٌ ا هٚ لٌ ا م ٟ ٌ ا ْ ٛ ١ؼٌا ُ ٘ ً ث ،خٍ ِ ػب ٞ ل٠أ غوكِ اٛ َ ١ٌ ُ ٙ ٔ أ ٝ ٍ ػ + +ٝ ٍ ػ ً بءإ ث خّ ظٕ ّ ٌ ا ف د ٌ ا ٝ ٍ ػ بءٕ ث ذَ ١ٌ ٚ ً ّ ؼٌا ٕ ٠ ٗ ٔ ٛ و ٓ ِ ً غبك٠إل رفىو ٟ ٌ ا يٛ ؼمٌاٚ )4502 ،لّ ؾِ ) .د ّ ٌ ا ٖ نٙ ٌ يٛ ٍ ؾٌ ا + +داعواءا ٟ و١١زغٌ ا ٝ ٍ ػ بءٕ ث ٚ أ ، ظ لبالطٔ ا ت٠زلهٌ ثب خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح ط ٛ ّ ٔ َ بّ ز٘ ا د ّ ٌ ا ٜ رو ز + +ٓ ١ٍ ِ ؼبٌا غ١ّ ع ٝ ٍ ػ ت٠زلهٌ ا ع فو٠ خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح ط ٛ ّ ٔ ْ ا :تَ زذسٌ ا .3 وغجب ٓ ١ٍ ِ ؼبٌا ٝ ٌ ا ظو ز الشى + +الشى + +)4500 ،ٓ ١ٕ ش) :ٟ ٍ ٠ بّ و ،بٙ م١ ر + +طج د ٍ ز + +وعغ٠ٚ .خ١ظ شقٌا + +## + +## :خٍ ِ شبٌ ا غىدحٌ ا داسح ئ كُ رطج د ٍ زطِ + +# جب + +جب ط ِ ٌ رؼى ٟ زٌ اٚ خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح د ٍ ز + +جب ط ِ ل٠رؾل ٓ ىّ ٠ + +سخس ّ ٌ بث ٓ ُ ٍ ِ عبٌا عُ ّ ع تٔ عب ٓ ِ خٍ ِ شبٌ ا شبسوخّ ٌ ا .0 + +ٝ ؽز ف ٛ قٌ ا ٓ ِ ض ٍ زقٌ ا ه ٌ م تٍ ط٠ٚز : إ ه ٌ ونٚ ،اؽلٚ ك ٠وفو فواكاأل ً و غِ ً ِ زؼبٌ ا تٍ طز٠ نا٘ ٚ ،خَ ٍ ئّ ٌ ا ً أع ٓ ِ ً ّ ؼ٠ ْ أ فوك ً و غ١طزَ ٠ .ُ ١ظٕ زٍ ٌ ٓ ٠و٠لّ ٌ اٚ ٓ ١ٍ ِ ؼبٌا وبفخ تٔ عب ٓ ِ خٌ ٛ مجِ ٚ ؼوفخِ ٚ شزووخ + +ط٠ + +ِ خ٠هإ كٛ عُٚ هحٚ ػو تٍ ز + +شش ٌ ا سدا ىّ ٍ ٌ ذحُغٌ ا داسحاإل .4 + +سخ ّ ٌ ا ٍ فخَ ج + +س + +ػ ٕ ٌ لافؼخٌ ا ٜ ٛ مٌ ا ٟ ٘ خ٠جشوٌ ا اهكٛ ّ ٌ ا: إ ق بءٕ ث ف + +ي ٓ ِ ه ٌ مٚ خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا + +ال + +اكاهح ً لف ِ غب ك ١زؾمٌ ْ ٚ زؼبٌ اٚ شبهوخّ ٌ ا ْ بّ ؼ ٌ كاهحاإل خ١مار ً ّ ػ فو .وّ زَ ّ ٌ ا ٓ ١َ زؾٌ ا + +ث + +هٛ طزٌ ا هحٚ ؼو ٚ خ١ّ ثؾز خَ ٍ ئّ ٌ ا ف ػ ٌٕا بٌٙ ٓ ّؼ٠ ال .قٛ َ ٌ ا ف + +ٟ ب١ٍ ؼٌا كاهحاإل بعٕ الزٚ َ زياٌ ا ٛ ٘ ٚ :بٍُعٌا داسحاإل ذَُ ورأ ُ دع .3 ػ َ و خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا َ زقلاٍ ال غ ٟ ٓ ١َ بفٕ ّ ٌ ا ٝ ٍ ػ قٛ زفٌ اٚ + +غب + +ٟ ١زوارٍ ا لواه رقبما ُ ر ٓ ِ ٚ وّ زَ ّ ٌ ا ٓ ١َ زؾٌ اٚ + +ص + +ئخ١ث ٝ ٌ ا خَ ٍ ئّ ٌ ا ئخ١ٙ ثز كٛ ؼمِ خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح ػ ٔ ْ ا:ً ّ عٌا ئخُ وث خُ ّ ُ ظٕ زٌ ا ضمبفخٌ ا ئخُ ره .2 .خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح ك ١ ر ف ٍ قزّ ث مخٍ زؼّ ٌ ا ُ ١مٌ اٚ د ّ ٌ ا ً ّ رش ز .ب٘ و١غٚ كاء ُ ١١رمٚ خ١ٌ ٚ ئَ ّ ٌ اٚ طخٍ َ ٌ ا خٍ بهّ ِ ٚ ً ّ ؼٌا ةٛ ٍ ٍ أٚ ً ّ ؼٌا ُ ١ظٕ ر ئخ١ثٚ + +غب طج فخَ ٍ فغِ خّ بغٕ زِ ٚ جخٍ بٕ زِ بٙ ٍ عؼٚ خ١ّ ١ظٕ زٌ ا ضمبفخٌ ا فب ؼزملا األ + +ً ثشىٚ ً ّ ػ ٟ ٌ اٚ خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا اكاهح ثضمبفخ بٙ ١ٍ ػ ك ٍ طٔ ْ أ ٓ ىّ ٠ ٟ زٌ اٚ أثؼبك + +ؼلال + +د ٠ٛ زَ ّ ٌ ا وبفخ ٝ ٍ ػ ٓ ١ٍ ِ ؼبٌا غ١ّ ع ل٠ٚ ري غ ى + +ت ٠:شّ سزّ ٌ ا ُ ُ ٍ زعٌ وا تَ زذسٌ ا .0 ٟ ٛ ٌ ا ُ ٙ بثَ وإل ت٠زلهٌ اٚ ُ ١ٍ زؼٌ ا ٓ ِ خّ ئالّ ٌ اٚ + +جخٍ بٕ ّ ٌ ا د ّ ٌ ثب ب ُ ٙ بهارٙ ِ ظجؼ ر ٟ ٌ ٚ ،خٍ ِ شبٌا كحٛ غٌ ا ُ ١٘ فبِ ٚ خ١ّ ٘ ثؤ ػ يالف شزووخِ غخٌ ْ فواٛ ٠ ت٠زلهٌ اٚ ُ ١ٍ زؼٌ فب وّ زَ ّ ٌ ا ٓ ١َ زؾٌ ا فخَ ٍ فٌ خّ ئاِل ٚ جخٍ بٕ ِ ُ ٙ بر٘ ارغبٚ .ً ّ ؼٌا diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/13352c55af54b88818a6381e4523a3d0a2b70e0d_page_15_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/13352c55af54b88818a6381e4523a3d0a2b70e0d_page_15_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d58f56c792332a5a9e1b2761fc7031dc4ae0b7c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/13352c55af54b88818a6381e4523a3d0a2b70e0d_page_15_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +gewoon omdat het eigen belang van de medewerkers bij een hoge mate van overeenstemming tussen „personal values” en „organizational values” niet zo gediend is met ineffectief en inefficient bezig zijn (Schmidt en Posner, 1983). + +Figuur 4. „Culture follows strategy”. + +„Shared values” zijn dus van levenslang voor iedere professionele organisatie. Zij vormen de belangrijkste immateriële activa die verantwoordelijk zijn voor de energie en de motivatie waarmee de professionals aan het werk zijn. + +Daarom zie je de laatste tijd steeds meer top-managers het initiatief nemen om na een serieuze en intensieve consultatie van medewerkers, te trachten de „shared values” te expliciteren op één of enkele A4-tjes die daarna door het leven gaan als „mission statement”, „guiding vision”, „strategic intent”, „basic principles” of iets dergelijks. + +Blikbaar zijn goede Nederlandse omschrijvingen vooralsnog niet beschikbaar of verzet onze traditionele nuchterheid zich tegen de directheid die de meest voor de hand liggende vertaling oplevert. Kiezen wij hier voor de aanduiding „mission” dan kan de relatie tussen „mission”, „doel” en „strategie” aangegeven worden op een wijze zoals in figuur 5 is gebeurd. + +Van Vught (1987) illustreert het belang van het hebben van een „mission” als volgt: „Als je als universiteit wilt blijven bestaan, moet je het instellingsniveau versterken. Dat betekent dat je een gezamenlijke identiteit moet ontwikkelen. Zoals wij hier in Twente het concept van de ondernemende universiteit hebben en Leiden zich + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/138610e542a26fff250aae7fb5ebdbd2d2da17c2_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/138610e542a26fff250aae7fb5ebdbd2d2da17c2_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1cf546ece2f3afaf6002a78b1e5db07431e33ff7 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/138610e542a26fff250aae7fb5ebdbd2d2da17c2_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +In the literature, there are few reports describing the attempts to modulate the rotary pump’s speed, which only focus on asynchronous speed modulation [7], mathematical modelling [8–10] and in vitro investigation of pump speed modulation using sinusoidal waveforms [11]. A promising application of VADs, besides their usage in the bridgeto-transplantation and destination therapy, is the bridgeto-myocardial recovery [12, 13]. Although the mechanism of functional recovery of a failing heart is not completely understood, cardiac unloading by assist devices has been suggested as a mechanical tool to promote recovery [14, 15]. We hypothesized that a synchronized speed-modulated pump could yield better control over the heart device interaction, and it might provide pathways to heart recovery and device weaning. Furthermore, to overcome the aforementioned limitations of RBPs and effectively control the load on the heart, the main objective of this study was to modulate the speed of a centrifugal RBP and investigate the effect of pump speed variation during systole and diastole on cardiac unloading. We have examined different levels of support during systole and diastole (comparable with co-pulsation and counter-pulsation) to investigate whether the systolic duration of modulated pulses matters. + +# METHODS + +# Pulsatile speed pattern of rotary blood pump + +The CentriMagTM RBP (Levitronix GmbH, Zürich, Switzerland) is a magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow pump designed to provide haemodynamic support for the periods of up to 30 days during extracorporeal procedures. This pump is based on a bearing-less motor technology and operates without mechanical bearings or seals, which results in minimal friction in the blood path. It is composed of a disposable pump head and a reusable motor that works with a direct drive yielding firm control over the speed. A Levitronix industrial controller was modified and tuned to run with the CentriMag pump. This modified proportional-integral controller yields a direct speed control via analogue voltage and feedback of the actual speed. The control algorithm used to modulate the pump speed was written in LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) and communicates in real time via a data acquisition system (c-RIO-9074, National Instruments) with the pump controller, while continuously receiving the animal’s electrocardiographic (ECG) signal using a patient monitor (Datex-Ohmeda Division, Instrumentarium Corp., Helsinki, Finland). The programme detects the QRS complexes in the ECG signal using a peak detector algorithm based on the Pan-Tompkins technique [16] and then produces the pump control signal in synchrony with the heart rate. Figure 1 presents different levels of pump command speed during systole and diastole. All the pump speed scenarios have the same mean speed (2000 rpm), and therefore, the number of pump impeller revolutions per each heartbeat is equal. Moreover, this figure shows the actual pump speed derived from the motor’s Hall sensors, demonstrating how well the pump can follow the command speed. Pump systole starts at the beginning of the QRS complex and is defined as one–third of the heart cycle, which is based on the length of the previous cycle, while the rest of the heart cycle is considered as diastole. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 1: Pump command speed and actual pump speed derived from the motor’s Hall sensors; systole starts at the beginning of the QRS complex and last for one-third of the heart cycle and the rest of the heart cycle is considered as diastole. + +# Surgical preparation and instrumentation + +The CentriMagTM RBP was implanted in four healthy female sheep (56–83 kg). All animals received humane care in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academy of Sciences, 1996), and the study was approved by the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office. After premedication and induction of anaesthesia, the animals were intubated and anaesthesia and analgesia were maintained with isoflurane in oxygen (1.6%) and fentanyl (5–10 \(\mu\mathrm{g}/\text{kg}/\mathrm{h})\). A left thoracotomy was used to enter the thorax and expose the left ventricular (LV) apex and the descending aorta (used as a surrogate for the very short ascending aorta). The animals were heparinized to maintain the whole-blood activated clotting time of >400 s. For the surgical implantation of pump inflow, LV apical cannulation was performed using a modified 32 Fr angled venous cannula (DLP 67532, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), and a 22 Fr arterial cannula (EOPA 77522, Medtronic) was placed in the descending aorta. The inlet/outlet cannulation was kept short (30 ± 5 cm) in order to simulate the implantable VADs. Following pump priming and the connection of the cannulas to the inlet/outlet ports, pump operation commenced. Coronary flow (CF) and pump flow (PF) were measured using ultrasonic flow probes (Transonic Systems Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA) on the left main coronary artery (8PAU) and the outlet cannula of the pump (9PXL). Fluorescence-based optical sensors (Foxy AL-300) and portable spectroscopes (NeoFox, Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL, USA) were placed in the coronary sinus and the left carotid artery to measure continuous venous and arterial oxygen partial pressure, respectively. The hemi-azygous vein was ligated to prevent blood mixing in the sinus. Aortic pressure, LV pressure diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/138eff9f95e254a27740b7de9b757a0459e7f58a_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/138eff9f95e254a27740b7de9b757a0459e7f58a_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c3e075952bdd282d8da4e8af90d8370c428417a --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/138eff9f95e254a27740b7de9b757a0459e7f58a_page_6_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +The Homefront Crisis Management System (HCMS) was formed to coordinate between government agencies, forming a structure flexible and scalable to meet the full spectrum of threats Singapore is likely to face.[^8] At the operational level, all government agencies work together to prepare contingency plans to address various threat scenarios, and run emergency preparedness exercises to ensure smooth inter-agency coordination and operational readiness. + +The Home team, SCDF and Police have also enhanced their ability to handle a wider spectrum of emergencies. SCDF officers and vehicles have been fully equipped with decontamination capabilities to handle chemical, biological and other hazardous agents.[^9] All Police cars are equipped with Bomb Suppression Blankets. Police have also developed a post blast investigation capability to handle investigations into bombing incidents. + +# Counter Ideological Measures + +Terrorism occurs when ideological motivation meets with operational capability. The way in which a terrorist group shapes its radical worldview and disseminates it to audiences worldwide plays an important role in the public interface between the group and its target audience. Using terrorist propaganda, a group can successfully indoctrinate public into terrorist sympathizers, mobilize terrorist supporters, and recruit terrorist members. + +To counter terrorism effectively, a multi-pronged approach is needed. Any effective blueprint for an ideological response to the “war on terrorism” should conceptualize counter terrorism not only as a military “shooting war” or law enforcement operation, but as a “war of ideas” as well. Measures to disrupt and degrade a terrorist group’s military and economic infrastructure should be supplemented with measures targeting the terrorist group’s political apparatus. If left unchecked, this apparatus will + +[^8]: Response given by the Minister for Home Affairs, Mr Wong Kan Seng at the Committee of Supply Debate on the Ministry of Home Affairs, Thursday, 3 March 2005 + +[^9]: Ibid diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/13a5d2868ae9a6740bbec1122a6e247f646cb1a5_page_11_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/13a5d2868ae9a6740bbec1122a6e247f646cb1a5_page_11_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4a8fe1908af439a1c1037b075326a4c6d551a4e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/13a5d2868ae9a6740bbec1122a6e247f646cb1a5_page_11_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Solv.THP1:1 adduct
320°C
60°C 20°C/ min
Benzoic Acid1 min
024 6 810 1214
+ +# GC of PPVE − + +# THP reaction mixture diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/13e2b289913a826c31baba3241693902d335530a_page_32_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/13e2b289913a826c31baba3241693902d335530a_page_32_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41bd5b8fa1ed1c8c49a0523b4cdf76d9a1fadbdc --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/13e2b289913a826c31baba3241693902d335530a_page_32_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +decision.[^293] In the Latin cross case, Justice Ginsburg’s numbers are quite clear: she notes that of the forty World War I displays in the United States that include a Latin cross only constitute four percent of the World War I monuments in the nation.[^294] The fourth question is again key. If the data shows that the Latin cross is heavily associated with World War I, the Justices can use information in the weight of the analysis, but the basic question still is whether its use sends a message to non-Christians (in this case) that they are outsiders to the political system, or does the context of the Latin cross reduce or eliminate that message? To be fair to Justice Alito, in his Latin Cross opinion, he also stated: + +The cross came into widespread use as a symbol of Christianity by the fourth century, and it retains that meaning today. But there are many contexts in which the symbol has also taken on a secular meaning. Indeed, there are instances in which its message is now almost entirely secular.[^295] + +The proposed test does not eliminate the ability of the Court to make reasoned judgments, nor does it eliminate the possibility for disagreement. It does, however, give guidance to the Court on how to approach a religious symbol case. It takes current Establishment Clause jurisprudence, especially the endorsement modification of the Lemon test,[^296] and applies some trademark principles to help the Court assess the message that the symbol sends to the public. + +## CONCLUSION + +The U.S. Supreme Court’s Establishment Clause jurisprudence, particularly with regard to religious symbols, is a complicated body of multiple tests and pronouncements.[^297] When determining whether a governmental use of a purported religious symbol violates the Establishment Clause, the Court can use some basic trademark principles to help articulate its positions and results.[^298] The articulated approach proposed in this Article incorporates those principles to assist a court in systematically evaluating a symbol to determine if it is a religious symbol, if it has any prominent secular affiliations or meanings, and whether the context of the use violates the Establishment Clause. This proposal is not a magic formula that will ensure total predictability in Establishment Clause cases but it should assist the Court in assessing the key underlying issues in an establishment question regarding the effect of the government’s interaction with religion and whether it “establishes” religion. + +[^293]: Am. Legion v. Am. Humanist Ass’n, 139 S. Ct. 2067, 2079 (2019); id. at 2102–04 (Ginsburg, J., dissenting). + +[^294]: Id. at 2111 (Ginsburg, J., dissenting). + +[^295]: Id. at 2074 (majority opinion). + +[^296]: See supra notes 10–13 and accompanying text. + +[^297]: See supra Section I.B. + +[^298]: See supra Section III.A. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/148c79ae1507bf2a6ee7c11c91559ac6aa2f0556_page_9_processed_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/148c79ae1507bf2a6ee7c11c91559ac6aa2f0556_page_9_processed_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce837f47c24196eafa241d3b1a7a594e3cf515fe --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/148c79ae1507bf2a6ee7c11c91559ac6aa2f0556_page_9_processed_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +![](figure) + +0-9 ar + +##### 10-19 ar + +## 20 29 ar + +30-39 ar + +40-49 ar + +50-59 ar + +60-69 ar + +70-79 ar + +80-89 ar + +g0 arellereldre + +5000 + +15000 + +10000 + +20000 Tal personar + +25000 + +30 000 + +35000 + +40000 + +2028 + +2018 + +![](figure) + +# Venta folketalsvekst i More og Romsdal, 2028, fordelt pa aldersgrupper + +### 10-19 ar + +### 20-29 ar + +###### 30-39 ar + +###### 40-49 ar + +50-59 ar + +60-69 ar + +###### 70-79 ar + +80-89 ar + +90arellereldre + +3000 Tal personar + +-2000 + +-1000 + +6 000 + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/14cd43ae9b6ad4d5a839bf1c7c1a7cf84046657b_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/14cd43ae9b6ad4d5a839bf1c7c1a7cf84046657b_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ec22da97b370c08e501ddde8ed57ea2f55bf550 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/14cd43ae9b6ad4d5a839bf1c7c1a7cf84046657b_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +FIG. 7. Frequency of height—(black columns) and current— (white columns) amplitudes from Fig. 6. The amplitudes are normalized to maximum height. The frequency counts are compared to each other to demonstrate the correlation. + +function.41 With dn\(/_{t}dU.0\text{and dT}/dU.0\) the first derivative + +\[\frac{dI}{dU} sUd\tilde{}en_{t}s0d\cdot n_{s}seUd\cdot TseUds1d\] + +is proportional to the density of states of the surface. The thus estimated DOS is plotted as a function of the bias voltage (equals binding energy) in Fig. 6(b) for two representative points (A, B). From these measurements we conclude that white areas (A) in Fig. 6 are oxides, since a clear gap in the DOS is detected. Darker areas (B) are metallic, i.e., with a finite DOS at EF (=zero bias voltage). A qualitative comparison between topography and electronic structure suggests that small clusters and the borders of large clusters are covered by oxides (hydroxides). However, a direct comparison between height amplitudes and current amplitudes is difficult, because the measured height depends both on the Pd-clusters height and on the underlying structure. To underline the correlation, the height and current distributions of the corresponding images in Fig. 6 are given in Fig. 7. Considering the frequencies instead of comparing height and current directly has the advantage that long-range fluctuations are eliminated. Indeed, the frequencies of both properties scale with each other. The frequency counts of a given height and current, respectively, are compared in the inset of Fig 7. The 1:1 correspondence demonstrates a clear correlation between the cluster height its electronic structure, i.e., the thickness behavior of the SMSI state. Further evidence for the thickness dependence of the SMSI state is that thick \(s.8nmd\) films have a uniform appearance in CITS images (not shown). + +# IV. DISCUSSION + +The physics of hydrogen absorption in metals is strongly related to heterogenous catalysis on surfaces as in both cases, the crucial step of the involved processes is the chemisorption and dissociation of the gas(es) on the metal surface.5,42 Therefore many ideas and results obtained from catalysis research can be used to explain hydrogen absorption. In particular, the switching kinetics of a switchable mirror may be seen primarily as a measure for the catalytic activity of its surface. Thus, we attribute the strongly reduced hydrogen uptake rate at low Pd coverage to a catalytically inactivated Pd surface (Fig. 1). It is well known that clusters can behave differently than bulk materials.1,43 Therefore, one might attribute the critical Pd thickness for hydrogen absorption to a reduced catalytic activity of small Pd clusters (Sec. III A). However, the photoemission experiments presented in this publication do not show a substantial thickness effect of the electronic structure of as-grown clusters. Accordingly, one has to conclude that the catalytic properties of small Pd clusters are intrinsically not very different from that of larger ones. This is underlined by the observation that already the thinnest Pd layers on surface-oxidized yttrium show changes in the photoemission spectra after hydrogenation, i.e., an interaction of the thin-film system with hydrogen has taken place. The Pd states vanish, but do not change in energy (Sec. III B). In addition, we find hard evidence for an interaction of hydrogen with the yttrium oxide. In principle, a reaction of the pure oxide with hydrogen is possible (yttrium hydroxide is more stable than yttrium oxide),44 but usually it is kinetically hindered. Moreover, also hydrogenated yttrium oxide surfaces are still catalytically inactive. This point is clearly evidenced by the fact that surface-oxidized yttrium films without a Pd caplayer do not absorb hydrogen. Dissociative hydrogen adsorption and the subsequent diffusion through the underlying oxide, only takes place via the Pd clusters. Accordingly, yttrium oxide interacts with hydrogen, which has been split by Pd clusters. The interaction with hydrogen includes the rearrangement of atoms, therefore it is likely that YOx becomes more mobile allowing the system to reach its thermodynamical equilibrium, which is not the as-grown state. The latter is recognized by the observation that Pd grows in an island mode. This is due to the fact, that the surface energy of Pd is larger than the sum of the surface energy of the yttrium oxide plus the interface energy between Pd and the oxide.45,46 Lowering the surface energy stabilizes the system. Consequently, an encapsulation of Pd clusters by a yttrium hydroxide with a small surface energy is thermodynamically favored. This encapsulation is called SMSI.13,14 However, the required diffusion path length for the yttrium and oxygen atoms increases with increasing cluster size. Thus, a full encapsulation is only observed for small clusters as sketched in Fig. 8. Larger clusters can still absorb hydrogen, since they are not fully encapsulated. This scenario is in full agreement with the observed switching times (Fig. 1). The minimum thickness for hydrogen absorption corresponds to the first appearance of free Pd surfaces (photoemission experiments, Fig. 4), the minimum switching time (fastest kinetics) corresponds to a fully Pd-covered surface. To illustrate the scenario, the transmission image of a Pd-wedge sample is included in Fig. 8. The sample is first loaded in 1 bar hydrogen at room temperature and stored in air for several hours. After hydrogen exposure small clusters are fully encapsulated by a reduced (hydrogenated) yttrium oxide (hydroxide) that blocks hydrogen uptake. Thus the corresponding region shows no transmission (region III). diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/1596c5fcd2f89b0fd3a3aa06c13034dc09317d6f_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/1596c5fcd2f89b0fd3a3aa06c13034dc09317d6f_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4955a4042c13c27f416324db7ca3d329b27a4fe8 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/1596c5fcd2f89b0fd3a3aa06c13034dc09317d6f_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +Namgaladze A.A., Martynenko O.V., Namgaladze A.N. Global model of the upper atmosphere with variable latitudinal integration step. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy International, v.1, N 1, p.53-58, 1998. + +Namgaladze A.A., Namgaladze A.N., Martynenko O.V., Doronina E.N., Knyazeva M.A., Zubova Yu.V. Numerical modeling of the thermosphere, ionosphere and plasmasphere behaviour during the April 2002 magnetic storms. Physics of Auroral Phenomena, Proceedings of the XXVI Annual Apatity Seminar, Preprint PGI, p.74-78, 2003. + +Picone J.M., Hedin A.E., Drob D.P., Aikin A.C. NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues. J. Geophys. Res., v.107 (A12), doi: 10.1029/2002JA009430, 2002. + +Von Zahn U., Köhnlein W., Friske K.H., Laux U., Trinks H., Volland H. Esro 4 model of global thermospheric composition and temperatures of low solar activity. Geophys. Res. Lett., N 4, p.33-36, 1977. + +Брюнелли Б.Е., Намгаладзе А.А. Физика ионосферы. М., Наука, 528 c., 1988. + +Намгаладзе А.А., Кореньков Ю.Н., Клименко В.В., Карпов И.В., Бессараб Ф.С., Суроткин В.А., Глущенко Т.А., Наумова Н.М. Математическая модель термосферы, ионосферы и протоносферы Земли как единой системы. М., НИИЯФ МГУ, Математические модели ближнего космоса, Тез. докл., 3 с., 1988. + +Намгаладзе А.А., Кореньков Ю.Н., Клименко В.В., Карпов И.В., Бессараб Ф.С., Суроткин В.А., Глущенко Т.А., Наумова Н.М. Глобальная численная модель термосферы, ионосферы и протоносферы Земли. Геомагнетизм и аэрономия, т.30, № 4, c.612-619, 1990. + +Намгаладзе А.А., Мартыненко О.В., Волков М.А., Намгаладзе А.Н., Юрик Р.Ю. Математическое моделирование крупномасштабных возмущений верхней атмосферы Земли. Моделирование процессов в верхней полярной атмосфере, ПГИ КНЦ РАН, Апатиты, с.167-249, 1998. + +Намгаладзе А.А., Мартыненко О.В., Зубова Ю.В., Доронина Е.Н., Князева М.А., Намгаладзе А.Н. Математическое моделирование эффектов геомагнитных бурь 17-20 апреля 2002 года в верхней атмосфере Земли. Материалы Всероссийской научно-технической конференции "Наука и образование-2003", часть V, МГТУ, Мурманск, с.74, 2003. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/17ce5025be595d7fc2c3a347b6a2fa4e4d06419d_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/17ce5025be595d7fc2c3a347b6a2fa4e4d06419d_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25a7f7f3f179548383f672617c1be067211801b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/17ce5025be595d7fc2c3a347b6a2fa4e4d06419d_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +### Computer Science + +## CS 173 Discrete Structures credit: 2 hours. + +(C S 173) Studies discrete mathematical structures frequently encountered in the study of Computer Science. Topics will include sets, propositions, boolean algebra, induction, recursion, relations, functions, and graphs. Credit is not given for both CS 173 and MATH 213. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CRNTypeSectionTimeDaysLocationInstructor
30102Lecture- DiscussionM11:00 AM - 11:50 AMTR1320 - Digital Computer LaboratoryHeeren, C
40083Lecture- DiscussionN12:30 PM - 01:20 PMTR1310 - Digital Computer LaboratoryHeeren, C
diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/187b0c3ec147a0474a5f781326c39a44dc660c7d_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/187b0c3ec147a0474a5f781326c39a44dc660c7d_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc21d55115fdec82e1e51e85eb7d2baf58fd33f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/187b0c3ec147a0474a5f781326c39a44dc660c7d_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# MONDE DU TRAVAIL | En emploi + +## 3. a) + +![](figure) + +Prenez connaissance du Modèlederédaction–Lettred’affairesqui accompagne la note de service de madame Martin au point 2. + +### Modèle de rédaction – Lettre d’affaires Lettre de sollicitation destinée aux commanditaires + +##### Prise de contact + +Présenter la cause Demander l’appui du commanditaire + +##### Développement + +Annoncer l’activité de financement + +Exprimer une demande de contribution personnalisée selon le commanditaire sollicité Ex. : Épicerie – nourriture Compagnie X – dons en argent, musique, animation pour les jeunes, prix de présence + +Expliquer la visibilité pour eux avant, pendant et après l’événement (présence de médias, annonces dans les journaux, affiches sur les tables) + +##### Rupture de contact + +Remercier et saluer Signature du bénévole diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/189286dda42dcb3619192d715273a2a5d8ff213f_page_29_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/189286dda42dcb3619192d715273a2a5d8ff213f_page_29_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd6ed5b95ac916d3de7803a31e6af75dd2a3f8af --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/189286dda42dcb3619192d715273a2a5d8ff213f_page_29_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +The Discerning Eye of Youth +Looks at this Strange New World + +By MAKO IWAMATSU +With Illustrations by Taro Yashima + +Editor's Note: Shortly before Pearl Harbor artist Taro Yashima (Jun Iwamatsu) and his wife fled Japan for America after years of persecution by the Japanese police. They left behind their young son, Mako. + +All of World War II and ten years were to pass before the family was reunited in New York City, now the home of the Yashimas. + +In this article young Mako tells of his readjustment from war-time Japan to America and of his reunion with his parents. + +Dear K: + +I haven't written even a single letter to an intimate guy like you. Forgive me. + +I was separated from my parents for ten years before I came here. There was some sort of strange emotion in my mind while I was crossing the American continent—"how do I get along with my parents?" Though it was a silly thing to think, somehow I wanted to act like a kid being grown up toward by parents. + +My new life with my family after meeting them at Penn Station was very satisfactory as if I found the light in the darkness. But for a whole month I couldn't call my parents with a decent word and kept on calling them "Oi Oi." When I just started to think I should do something about it, my mother told me same thing. + +I wanted to call my father "Oyaji" and mother "Okan," as you know these words are spoken in the mountain village where I was evacuated during the war. These words have a characteristic of farmer's affection without any unnecessary meaning. They seemed pleased with that. My father showed me around the city when- + +ever he had time and even when he had to go someplace for his business. He used to take me with him from the slum of New York to Park Avenue, two-bit theater to Music Hall, Coney Island and so on. We ate filthy hot dogs on the street corner. We ate Chinese food in Chinatown. + +My first impression of New York was that people's living standard was exclusively on a high level materially, comparing to Japanese. I was surprised to see the babies fat like pigs. But sometimes I thought this huge stone-city looked like a machine which is being run by the strength of money. + +The movies which enlarged my + +“... A Chinese friend who couldn’t speak English better than me was holding my books with a great care.” + +“In a year or so I’ll be going to college and major in architecture.” + +eyesights gradually to the unknown world were interesting. But those Hollywood movies, complicated and exaggerated, make me dislike. Westerns in which I could see the continental scenarios and horses running wildly kept me busy for a while. But I got sick and tired of childishness of same old stories, such as a hero appears on a white horse as usual and gallops after the outlaws. + +From this period my father started to take me to the foreign movies. So I had a chance to see the postwar Italian movies. They were depiction of actual people's life with fresh realities and something penetrate in my mind more clearly and deeply. Do you agree with me? + +The food from all over the world were piled up in the stores. As I had a hell of a lot of "Oh Henry" on the boat till I contented, I used to feel to vomit whenever I saw them. Also my parents told me to eat this and that, as a result I got indigestion. + +It was two months after my arrival that I began to go to school which my mother found in downtown. School had special English classes for foreigners. I who once handed in a blank sheet of paper on an English end-term exam, as you know, felt desperately the necessity of English. I studied it hard for three months, being with the Chinese, Italian, Jewish and + +Puerto Rican who came here after the war. For a while I could not say a thing with my own feelings, though I liked the intimate relationships between teachers and students. Teachers more or less like friends. + +After a while I was able to understand what they were saying, at the same time I faced a vexation. The more you begin to understand them, the more you would see the defects of some teachers and students. For instance, my math teacher, an old woman who never tried to understand students and dealt problems with her attendance book. She turned out to be a sychophant as soon as she saw a student's parent. Her appearance was quite a shock to me, as I was in the new period to have an interest in advanced math. + +Most of the students in my school were vicious New Yorkers and I couldn't find decent likeable friends. They were born and brought up in this huge city and they had no ambitions, moralities and philosophies. They were enjoying their lives with fights and smoking marijuana. I had nothing to do, with a terrible loneliness, feeling myself completely alone. + +You know I become very brutal in fight if it once happens. One day finally it happened with three guys. Although they were just trying to kid me, I took it as if + +they were insulting me. I stucked on one of them unconsciously until I bust him up. Fortunately the rest of them disappeared in the crowds. When I was looking, with a bloody nose and a bruised cheek, for my books I left on the street, I found a Chinese friend who couldn't speak English better than me was holding my books with a great care. Within a year I wanted to get out of this joint and study in a decent school with decent friends. + +I wanted to utilize my summer vacation to earn some money. As my parents aren't rich I couldn't spend much money on my own things. I also wanted to breathe the entirely different outer world's air, getting out of school atmosphere. That was five months after my arrival that I went to a Japanese employment agency and I made a comical episode. + +The owner of this agency spoke in English to me who still wasn't use to it. You can imagine whether he spoke without any grammatical errors or not. Anyway, he told me, "I have a washing-dishes job," and I thought he said, "I have a job in Washington, D.C." and went home taking this job. Next day I was a dishwasher at a Chinese restaurant which wasn't so far from my house. + +This job at a Chinese restaurant was mighty tough. I had to work (Continued on page 28) + +HOLIDAY GREETINGS and BEST WISHES + +SOUTHWEST PRODUCE COMPANY + +BONDED COMMISSION MERCHANTS + +1071-1075 South San Pedro Street + +HARRY NISHIMOTO + +Los Angeles 15, California + +WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE + +All Phones: Richmond 7-4378 + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/189831e217cff468a410a9d07f666f8d0d6adfbe_page_40_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/189831e217cff468a410a9d07f666f8d0d6adfbe_page_40_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6da9edae0e2c6a6cb546f820d1b890e2a833fd47 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/189831e217cff468a410a9d07f666f8d0d6adfbe_page_40_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +In fact, one might speculate that allowing the use of previews should tend to improve public perceptions of a civil justice system—increasing its legitimacy—precisely because settlement outcomes would be seen as being better informed and thus more accurate. Settlement terms would turn less on the external bargaining asymmetries, for instance, and more on the merits. Such accuracy gains could even be seen as a counterweight to the legitimacy losses that some observers would perceive in a decline in trial-going rates. But that may be too simplistic. There is a tradeoff, one that should trouble even those who generally favor settlement. Consider why previewing the case materials and previewing the factfinder are complements in the first place: Different judges may vary in how they assess the same body of evidence or how they decide the same case. This is why it is valuable to the parties, in bench cases, to have a “judicial preview” (a signal of what the previewed evidence means to this factfinder). But there is also a downside: The use of preview policies can amplify the influence of such individual variation among judges—call it “idiosyncrasy”—on settlement outcomes.[^138] Parties settle not in the shadow of the “true facts” about the case, after all, but in the shadow of the expected verdict.[^139] And they know that this verdict will depend both on the factual materials and on how this specific factfinder will interpret them. When judicial previews are possible, the enhanced learning that results may induce settling—but partly because the parties are gaining insight into how this judge thinks. And as Judge Edwards’s ambivalence in the epigraph above suggests,[^140] a policy of pushing settlement by exploiting perceptions about judicial idiosyncrasy may not be a widely palatable approach. To put the question bluntly: Should the parties have more information or should they have “purer” (but less) information? Using previews allows parties to make their settlement decisions based on a sharper sense of how the case will come out at trial, but this sharper sense might be taking into account the idiosyncratic views of the judge (or jury). The alternative is for them to settle (or not) based on a fuzzier sense of the outcome, but at least this fuzzier sense will be less influenced by idiosyncrasy. A closer analysis begins by distinguishing among three groups of + +[^138]: I should emphasize that by “idiosyncrasy” I mean individual variation, and not outlier status or unusual views. + +[^139]: “True facts” is a memorable phrase borrowed from Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495, 506 (1947) (“[T]he Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are designed to enable the parties to discover the true facts and to compel their disclosure whenever they may be found.”). + +[^140]: See supra note 137 and accompanying text. The ambivalence is evident in Judge Edwards’s need to sidestep the troubling aspect of such a settlement promotion strategy by making clear he thinks it is a “false assumption” that judicial identity partially determines (and thus is useful for predicting) case outcomes. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/197f15912b194ee350e9be75339e26ca6344328f_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/197f15912b194ee350e9be75339e26ca6344328f_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d3748f7cfe2c3fbd6895e4ad33e6bc062573ee46 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/197f15912b194ee350e9be75339e26ca6344328f_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 5. A: real-time RT-PCR of fibrillin-1 mRNA. Standard curves for fibrillin-1 and ribosomal protein S16 were assessed by real-time RT-PCR (insets representing dilution curves). B: quantification of myocardial fibrillin-1/S16 mRNA content expressed as n-fold increase relative to control animals (run in duplicate). n 6–10 (rats) or 3 (mice) per group, respectively. Ct, control. \(*P\) 0.05 vs. control animals. + +Immunohistochemical evidence of fibrillin-1 accumulation at sites of microscopic scarring and perivascular fibrosis of coronary arteries appeared in both the right and left ventricles. Fibrillin-1 staining was particularly intense in reparative fibrotic areas (Fig. 2G, solid arrow). Elastin accumulation was often observed in the center of scars in the DOCA-salt myocardium (Fig. 2H, solid arrow) and in the ANG II-infused rat heart (not shown). Fibrillin-1 was distributed evenly throughout the scars without apparent association with elastin. In 1B normotensive transgenic mice, compared with controls (Fig. 4, A and B), we clearly observed an increased perivascular and interstitial fibrillin-1 deposition \((1.09\) 0.28% to 4.11 0.69%; \(P0.05)\) (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, C and D). In 2C hypertensive ANG II-producing mice (Fig. 4, E and F), we detected a sixfold increase of fibrillin-1 immunoreactivity from 1.09 0.28% in control mice to 7.77 0.83%. These two lines showed no evidence of cardiac necrosis despite dramatically increased cardiac ANG II content (60). Moreover, + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 6. Fibrillin-1 expression in cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Quiescent cardiac fibroblasts were stimulated for 48 h by increasing concentrations of ANG II \((10^{-10}-10^{-8}\) mol/l) (A) or \(TGF-1(10^{-13}-10^{-10}\) mol/l) (B). SDS-soluble fibrillin-1 was analyzed by Western blot analysis (A); fibrillin-1, collagen type I, and fibronectin deposition were measured by a in-cell-based assay (B). Data were normalized to GAPDH (A) or \(-actin(B).n4\) in A and n 6 in B. Results are representative of 3 experiments. \(*P\) 0.05 vs. quiescent cells. Quantification of myocardial fibrillin-1/S16 mRNA content by real-time RT-PCR (C) is expressed as n-fold increase relative to nonstimulated cardiac fibroblasts (run in duplicate). Quiescent cardiac fibroblasts were stimulated for 48 h with ANG II \((10^{-8}\) mol/l) or \(TGF-1(1.510^{-10}\) mol/l). n 4 experiments. \(*P\) 0.05 vs. quiescent cells. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/1a3e61746b0965df09bce6cb1051c455807363d5_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/1a3e61746b0965df09bce6cb1051c455807363d5_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b78cec93bd479d13917bd0a38c0cd7808d92456 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/1a3e61746b0965df09bce6cb1051c455807363d5_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# ECONOMICS (ECON) + +# Course numbers with the # symbol included (e.g. #400) have not been taught in the last 3 years. + +## ECON 401 - Principles of Economics (Macro) + +Credits: 0 or 4 + +Basic functions of the United States economy viewed as a whole; policies designed to affect its performance. Economic scarcity, supply and demand, the causes of unemployment and inflation, the nature of money and monetary policy, the impact of government taxation and spending, the federal debt, and international money matters. ECON 401A emphasizes applications to the international economy. ECON 401H is open to students in the Honors Program. + +Attributes: Social Science (Discovery) Mutual Exclusion: No credit for students who have taken ECN 411, ECN 411W, ECON 401H. Grade Mode: Letter Grading ECON 401H - Honors/Principles of Economics (Macro) Credits: 4 + +Basic functions of the United States economy viewed as a whole; policies designed to affect its performance. Economic scarcity, supply and demand, the causes of unemployment and inflation, the nature of money and monetary policy, the impact of government taxation and spending, the federal debt, and international money matters. ECON 401A emphasizes applications to the international economy. ECON 401H is open to students in the Honors Program. Attributes: Honors course; Social Science (Discovery); Inquiry (Discovery) Mutual Exclusion: No credit for students who have taken ECN 411, ECN 411W, ECON 401. + +Grade Mode: Letter Grading + +## ECON 402 - Principles of Economics (Micro) Credits: 4 + +Functions of component units of the economy and their interrelations. Units of analysis are the individual consumer, the firm, and the industry. Theory of consumer demand and elasticity, supply and costs of production, theory of the firm under conditions of perfect and imperfect competition, demand for and allocation of economic resources, general equilibrium, and basic principles and institutions of international trade. ECON 402A emphasizes applications to the international economy. ECON 402H is open to students in the Honors Program. + +Attributes: Social Science (Discovery) Equivalent(s): ECON 402H, EREC 411 Mutual Exclusion: No credit for students who have taken ECN 412, ECN 412W. Grade Mode: Letter Grading + +## ECON 402H - Honors/Principles of Economics (Micro) Credits: 4 + +Functions of component units of the economy and their interrelations. Units of analysis are the individual consumer, the firm, and the industry. Theory of consumer demand and elasticity, supply and costs of production, theory of the firm under conditions of perfect and imperfect competition, demand for and allocation of economic resources, general equilibrium, and basic principles and institutions of international trade. ECON 402A emphasizes applications to the international economy. ECON 402H is open to students in the Honors Program. + +Attributes: Honors course; Social Science (Discovery); Inquiry (Discovery); Writing Intensive Course Equivalent(s): ECON 402, ECON 402A Mutual Exclusion: No credit for students who have taken ECN 412, ECN 412W, EREC 411. Grade Mode: Letter Grading + +## ECON 501 - Business and Economic History Credits: 4 + +This course studies the historical influence of business enterprises on the development of capitalist economies, with an emphasis on the United States. Topics include the rise of manufacturing, development of financial institutions and markets, innovation and new markets, the role of the entrepreneur, and the impact of government policy on business development. Because this is an Inquiry course, each student will pursue a major research project. Does not satisfy Economics Major or Minor requirements. DISC: HP and INQ. + +Attributes: Historical Perspectives(Disc); Inquiry (Discovery) Grade Mode: Letter Grading + +## ECON 565 - Predictive Modeling: Data Driven Economic Analysis Credits: 4 + +This course expands upon core topics in statistics through the study and practice of data management, data analysis, and statistical programming. Statistical programming and analytical skills are the key components of predictive modeling. Students will develop tools for collecting, organizing, interpreting, presenting, and analyzing business information. As an economics course an emphasis will be placed on how to use data to improve the information needed to make sound economic and business decisions based on marginal analysis. Prerequisite(s): (ADMN 420 with a minimum grade of C- or ADMN 510 with a minimum grade of C-) and (ECON 402 with a minimum grade of C- or ECON 402H with a minimum grade of C- or EREC 411 with a minimum grade of C-). + +Grade Mode: Letter Grading + +## ECON 605 - Intermediate Microeconomic Analysis Credits: 4 + +Analysis of supply and demand. Determination of prices, production, and the distribution of income in noncompetitive situations and in the purely competitive model. General equilibrium. Prerequisite(s): (ECON 402 with a minimum grade of C- or ECON 402H with a minimum grade of C- or EREC 411 with a minimum grade of C-). + +Equivalent(s): ECON 605W + +Mutual Exclusion: No credit for students who have taken ECON 606. Grade Mode: Letter Grading diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/1aca7bce09fe814ed17642b0a277ff500d57aac5_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/1aca7bce09fe814ed17642b0a277ff500d57aac5_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..715ff0ff59fe9ca3cb6876450dbcb74efdcd19ad --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/1aca7bce09fe814ed17642b0a277ff500d57aac5_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +The ethnographic fieldwork happened over a three-month period in 2009. Several research tools were used to enhance the credibility of the study and also for triangulation purposes (Liamputtong, 2013), namely participant observation, interviews, review of reports and questionnaire. Participant observation was carried out at the Daakyekrom Mission Hospital (DMH); drugstores; traditional medicine and faith healing outlets. The purpose of the participant observation was to gain local knowledge through observing the general conditions and facilities, outpatient activities as well as the patients’ treatment procedures (Patton, 2002, Liamputtong, 2013). Thirty formal and informal interviews were conducted. Formal interviews were conducted with medical professionals at the DMH, drugstore operators, traditional medicine practitioners and faith healers. The interview questions focused on the health situation in the Daakye district before and after the introduction of the NHIS and how the policy had impacted their work and what the future held for them. Apart from the Reda Islands, where a translator was used, most of the interviews were conducted in the Buru language. Key informants such as Directors of two NGOs and the district Directors of the Ghana Health Services (GHS) and the NHIS were also engaged in formal interviews. The rest of the interviews were informal. Individuals on the Reda Islands as well as on the streets, homes and workplaces of Daakyekrom were engaged and asked about why they joined the NHIS as well as how they were using it. Annual reports of the DMH and two NGOs working in the district were also obtained to establish the context of the study while informing the design of the research instruments. Forty questionnaires targeted at those who were not included in the interviews to attain a larger data sample. The questionnaires were administered at the NHIS Head Office in Daakyekrom, where people were renewing or joining the scheme afresh. The open-ended questionnaires solicited information on when and why they had joined the scheme; the benefits derived so far and if they intended or had ever used drug stores, traditional herbs or faith healing. The data was manually transcribed and thematically coded, after which they were written into chapters in the thesis proper, one of which is discussed in the current paper. + +## 3. Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme + +Access to adequate healthcare as well as affordable medicines remains a challenge in most developing countries, where poverty is rampant. As a result, several low-income countries have implemented health insurance schemes to enable their citizens’ access equitable and essential healthcare. Although Ghana is a signatory to the Abuja Declaration, which requires that the country commit a minimum of 15 per cent of its budget to the health sector, the reality has been that before and after the introduction of the NHIS Ghana’s government has only managed an average health expenditure of around 12 per cent (Mamaye 2015). Ghana implemented a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2004 to replace the out-of-pocket payment system that existed in health centres (Arhinful, 2003; Agyepong & Adjei, 2008). The passing of a National Health Insurance Act (Act 650) of 2003 led to the establishment of a National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA). The NHIA was created to implement the new NHIS, a universal health insurance programme intended to provide access to basic healthcare services to all residents in Ghana. The Act (650) made provision for the existence of three parallel health insurance schemes, namely the Private commercial scheme, Private mutual scheme, and the district Mutual Health Insurance Schemes (DMHISs). In exception of the district mutual health schemes, which receive direct financing from the Government, the rest are privately owned and managed. While the DMHISs functioned independently of each other based on the initial design, they currently operate under the NHIA. In 2012, Act 650 was reviewed and under the new Act 852, all DMHISs were classified under a common umbrella called the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Act 852 made it mandatory for every resident in Ghana to belong to the scheme (Blanchet, Fink, & Osei-Akoto, 2012). On the provisions of Act 852, there are five funding streams for the NHIS. These include 2.5 per cent tax on selected goods and service from the Value Added Tax (VAT) called the National Health Insurance Levy (NHIL). The NHIL is the largest source of finance for the scheme. It contributes about 60per cent of total finance of the scheme annually (Kusi, Enemark, Hansen, & Asante, 2015). The rest include 2.5 per cent allocation of formal sector workers contribution to the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) per month, profits on National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) investments and diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/1e03ce0f28611a29fefd18a8c19152797009dfbc_page_41_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/1e03ce0f28611a29fefd18a8c19152797009dfbc_page_41_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..defdea0a54a8c5b6ece7caa1bb599039098f4e8a --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/1e03ce0f28611a29fefd18a8c19152797009dfbc_page_41_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +![](figure) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Etapes du processusRisquesPoints de contrôleBonnes pratiques RH
Fixer la rémunération (niveau individuel)Politique de rémunération non lisible par les collaborateurs (cf. processus n°5 Evaluation)☑ Le lien entre l’évolution de la rémunération et la performance individuelle (évolution du salaire, octroi de stocks options, prime annuelle, etc.) est-il apprécié sur la base de critères objectifs ? Diffuser des kits de communication sur l’entretien individuel à destination des collaborateurs et de leur supérieur hiérarchique Insister sur l’objectivité requise et la nécessité d’évaluer les performances sur des critères précis et mesurables Effectuer un entretien annuel d’évaluation de la performance Formaliser un formulaire de compte rendu type afin d’être le plus objectif possible S’appuyer sur un Comité des rémunérations pour les dirigeants et mandataires sociaux, et des Comités RH avec les métiers et fonctions
Rémunération non attractive☑ La DRH réalise-t-elle régulièrement des études, des comparaisons sur les pratiques du marché ? Définir des éléments de fidélisation
Rémunération non motivante
    +
  • ☑ La rémunération intègre-t-elle une part variable ?
    • +
  • ☑ La part variable est-elle plafonnée ?
    • +
 Réexaminer au minimum annuellement la rémunération de chacun, à l’issue de l’entretien annuel d’évaluation Mettre en place des opérations d’intéressement ponctuelles (par exemple, des challenges pour les commerciaux) ou étalées dans l’année
Clientélisme / favoritisme☑ Le processus de fixation de la rémunération assure-t-il son objectivité ? Faire valider par le supérieur hiérarchique N+2 la variation de rémunération proposée par le supérieur hiérarchique N+1
Non-conformité aux instructions internes en matière de rémunération☑ La DRH communique-t-elle au manager les fourchettes applicables selon les catégories d’emploi et les métiers ? Faire communiquer par la DRH des grilles, règles et modalités à respecter
Incohérence entre le niveau de rémunération et la situation du collaborateur
    +
  • ☑ Les rémunérations sont elles conformes aux termes du contrat de travail ?
    • +
  • ☑ Les situations particulières (retour d’expatriation, ancienneté, intégration des salariés d’une nouvelle acquisition, etc.) sont-elles identifiées et gérées ?
    • +
 Mettre en place des Comités RH avec un reporting vers la direction générale
Assurer la sécurité des donnéesFuite d’informations Accès frauduleux aux SIRH Modifications frauduleuses des données de la paie☑ Des contrôles préventifs et détectifs permettant d’assurer la confidentialité des informations relatives à la rémunération sont-ils mis en place ? Faire signer un engagement de confidentialité pour les acteurs concernés (managers, RH, Informaticiens, etc.) Elaborer un Code de déontologie (y compris un code spécifique à la fonction RH le cas échéant) Définir des profils d’accès aux SIRH Mettre à jour ces profils d’accès (la DRH signale à la DSI les entrants et les sortants) Contrôler annuellement les habilitations pour s’assurer qu’elles sont justifiées par des besoins métiers Faire réaliser une revue indépendante des journaux des accès et des transactions dans les SI RH sensibles
diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/1f47c4d1c3d15fbad76b1e6337639a45a3192e00_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/1f47c4d1c3d15fbad76b1e6337639a45a3192e00_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e363df73590734fa3f11486459e9320453fd12c --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/1f47c4d1c3d15fbad76b1e6337639a45a3192e00_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +室戸沖南海トラフ 3 次元反射法データから得られる巨大逆断層帯の微細構造 + +Detailed Structure of the Large Thrust Slice Zone in the Nankai Trough off cape Muroto revealed by the 3D seismic data + +# 中村 恭之[1]，Nathan L. Bangs[2]，Sean P. S. Gulick[2]，Gregory F. Moore[3]，倉本 真一[4]，Tom H. Shipley[2]，平 朝彦[1] + +# Yasuyuki Nakamura[1], Nathan L. Bangs[2], Sean P. S. Gulick[2], Gregory F. Moore[3], Shin'ichi Kuramoto[4], Tom H. Shipley[2], Asahiko Taira[5] + +[1] 東大・海洋研， [2] テキサス大， [3] ハワイ大， [4] JAMSTEC + +[1] Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, [2] UTIG, [3] Univ. Hawaii, [4] JAMSTEC, [5] Ocean Research Institute, Univ. of Tokyo + +南海トラフでは多くの反射法および屈折法による地震探査が行なわれ、地下構造のイメージングがなされている。本講演では、1999年に室戸岬沖で行なわれた3次元反射法地震探査データの3次元重合前時間マイグレーション結果に見られる、巨大逆断層帯の構造について発表する。 + +室戸岬沖における巨大逆断層帯(LTSZ)とは、変形フロントから陸側へ約 40km 水深が約 4000m から約 3000m にかけての斜面を形成する、約 25km にわたる領域を指す。LTSZ は新しい付加体である前縁スラストと類似した覆瓦構造と、付加体中に発達した逆断層で特徴づけられ、過去に形成された付加体が底づけ作用や逆断層運動によって斜面を形成している場であると考えられている。 + +LTSZ の構造はその特徴によって、いくつかの構造区分に分けることができる。最も海側約 7-8km の領域は、少なくとも 2 つ以上の覆瓦スラスト構造によって代表される(Zone A)。この覆瓦構造は、3 次元探査領域(3D Box)の西部では明瞭に見られ、東側ほど深部が不明瞭になる。一つの覆瓦ユニットの厚さは、往復走時で約 0.4 秒である。3D Box 西部では、この領域の下部に低角な断層が見られる。この断層は順序外断層(OOST)である可能性が高い。 + +LTSZ の陸側、水深 3500m より浅い斜面上部の海底下浅部には、陸側に傾斜した明瞭な成層構造を持つ覆瓦構造が表われる(Zone B)。この覆瓦ユニットは往復走時で約 0.6 秒の厚さを持ち、これは Zone A に比べると厚い。Zone B では 3D Box 内東側において海底下往復走時 0.5s 付近に BSR が顕著に見られるが、3D Box の中央においては BSR は不明瞭になる。Zone B の陸側には、Zone B を切る広角(約 20 度以上)な断層が見られる。 + +Zone B の下および、Zone A と Zone B の間は、陸側に傾斜した反射面が見られるが、明瞭な覆瓦構造を判別することが困難な領域である(Zone C)。この領域の 3D Box 中央部では Zone C の下部、LTSZ の最も陸側の海洋性地殻上面付近から海底近くまで伸びる OOST と思われる断層が明瞭に見られるが、この断層以外にも複数の断層の活動によって構造が複雑になっていると考えられる。 + +Zone A および、Zone C の下部(往復走時 6.5-6.7s 付近)には、低角に陸側傾斜した反射面(LA-LDR)をほぼ 3D Box 全域で見ることができる。LA-LDR は明瞭に確認できるが連続性は悪く、各セグメントの海側の終端では急激に傾斜が大きくなっているところも見られる。LA-LDR の海側上方延長上では付加体構造中に不明瞭ながらも断層が存在していることから、LA-LDR は付加体を切る断層面の一部である可能性がある。一方、LA-LDR の近傍にはデュープレックス構造と思われる逆 S 字型の反射イベントも見られる。LA-LDR の下、海洋性地殻上面と思われる反射面から往復走時約 0.5 秒上にも、同種の明瞭な反射面が海洋性地殻上面とほぼ平行に見られることなどから、LA-LDR は底付け作用に関連するデュープレックス構造のルーフスラストの一部である可能性もある。 + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/1fbe22f08958fb7d1a071b42b940f7d273f8c165_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/1fbe22f08958fb7d1a071b42b940f7d273f8c165_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..92376fb85c0f17d0ed5f63b6932b22934388c296 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/1fbe22f08958fb7d1a071b42b940f7d273f8c165_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +O10.3 Penyakit jantung dan ginjal + +O98.5 Penyakit virus lain (A80-B09, B25- + +| hipertensif yang sebelumnya telah | | B34) | +| --- | --- | --- | +| ada (I13) | | O98.6 Penyakit protozoa (B50-B64) | +| O10.4 Hipertensi sekunder yang | | O98.7 HIV (B20-B24) | +| sebelumnya telah ada (I15) | | O98.8 Penyakit infeksi dan parasit lain | +| O10.9 Hipertensi yang tidak jelas yang | | O98.9 Penyakit infeksi dan parasit ibu | +| sebelumnya telah ada | | yang tidak dijelaskan | +| 5. Untuk pengodean kasus diabetes pada | 7. | Untuk pengodean kasus penyakit maternal | +| kehamilan, gunakan aturan berikut ini: | | yang mempersulit kehamilan, melahirkan, | +| Gunakan kode O24 untuk: | | dan nifas; gunakan aturan berikut ini: | +| • Diabetes mellitus yang telah ada | | O99.0 Anemia (D50-D64) | +| sebelum kehamilan | | O99.1 Penyakit lain pada darah dan organ | +| • Diabetes yang muncul saat kehamilan | | pembentuk darah serta kelainan | +| Berikut pengodean untuk diabetes dalam | | tertentu yang melibatkan mekanisme | +| kehamilan: | | imun (D65-D89) | +| O24.0 DM tipe 1 yang sebelumnya telah | | O99.2 Penyakit endokrin, gizi dan | +| ada | | metabolik yang mempersulit KMN | +| O24.1 DM tipe 2 yang sebelumnya telah | | (E00-E90), excl. DM (O24), | +| ada | | malnutrisi (O25), tiroiditis (O90.5) | +| O24.2 DM akibat malnutrisi yang | | O99.3 Kelainan jiwa dan penyakit sistem | +| sebelumnya telah ada | | syaraf (F00-F99 dan GOO-G99) | +| O24.3 DM yang tidak dijelaskan yang | | O99.4 Penyakit sistem sirkulasi (I00-I99) | +| sebelumnya telah ada | | O99.5 Penyakit sistem pernafasan (J00- | +| O24.4 DM gestational | | J99) | +| O24.9 DM dalam kehamilan | | O99.6 Penyakit sistem pencernaan (K00- | +| 6. Untuk pengodean kasus infeksi yang | | K93) | +| mempersulit kehamilan, melahirkan, dan | | O99.7 Penyakit kulit dan jaringan subkutis | +| nifas; gunakan aturan berikut ini: | | (LOO-L99) | +| O98.0 Tuberkulosis (A15-A19) | | O99.8 Penyakit dan kondisi lain yang | +| O98.1 Sifilis (A50-A53) | | dijelaskan | +| O98.2 Gonorrhoea (A54) | 8. | Untuk pasien yang datang ke pelayanan | +| O98.3 Infeksi lain dengan transmisi utama | | kesehatan terkait dengan reproduksi, | +| secara seksual (A55-A64) | | gunakan pengodean di bawah ini: | +| O98.4 Hepatitis virus (B15-B19) | Z32 | Pemeriksaan kehamilan | + +Z33 Hamil diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/275579590090bf114f27e3f7ce3939cece9a7b25_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/275579590090bf114f27e3f7ce3939cece9a7b25_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..944da541ec55dff96d93494d0600dce0142240db --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/275579590090bf114f27e3f7ce3939cece9a7b25_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +Injection Mechanisms in GaAs Diffused Electroluminescent Junctions + +R. C. C. LEITE, J. C. SARACE, D. H. OLSON, B. G. COHEN, AND J. M. WHELAN Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey + +AND + +A. YARIV + +California Institute of Technology, Pasedena, California + +(Received 25 September 1964) + +Injection mechanisms responsible for the electroluminescence in GaAs diffused diodes are studied by examining the behavior of the emission peaks as a function of injection level, doping level, temperature, and depletion-layer widths. Three different injection mechanisms seem to be operative in providing radiation at near-band-gap energies. Models for two of these are proposed and tested. The nature of the third emission remains an open question. + +I. INTRODUCTION + +MOST of the recent investigations on the recombination radiation from GaAs \(p\) - \(n\) junctions are concerned with the nature of the radiative transitions which follow the injection process. 1-7 In this article we apply ourselves to the injection process itself and present experimental evidence demonstrating the existence of three distinct injection mechanisms in narrow degenerate junctions. + +Another purpose of this paper is to fill in the details, both experimental and theoretical, which were, by necessity, left out of two previous short communications. 8,9 + +The paper is not concerned with injection processes in general, but only with those processes associated with radiative transitions. The most direct measure of the importance of each injection process is the total (integrated) intensity of the recombination radiation rather than the total current. This is particularly important when a number of injection mechanisms leading to the same or different recombination processes co-exist and/or when, due to the presence of nonradiative processes, the fraction of injected carriers which leads to radiative transitions varies with injection level. + +Now a few comments on the correlation between the generated spectra and the externally observed ones. The radiation is generated in a very narrow region near the depletion layer and the wavelength of the emission is + +very near the absorption edge of the material. As the emitted radiation travels along the material, the spectrum is distorted by a higher absorption in the high-frequency side of the emitted line. A complete correction for this spectral distortion is not always easy because absorption data for different dopings are not easily available and because, due to possible internal reflections, different optical properties within the space charge region, and guiding effects along the junction, 10,11 it is impossible to evaluate properly the effective path traversed by the radiation. + +In order to avoid those spectral distortions, we have observed the high-frequency emission by three different methods. (1) Some diodes had most of the \(p\) side removed and a polished gold window permitted most of the radiation to come out from the \(p\) side. In order to avoid back reflection from the \(n\) side (which would reinforce the low-frequency part of the emission), 12 an absorbing \(p\) layer was diffused on the \(n\) side (Fig. 1). + +DIODE STRUCTURE + +FIG. 1. Diode structure for most of the diodes used in this work. + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/29019be34d0c59210165af50a8904f749d7c0678_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/29019be34d0c59210165af50a8904f749d7c0678_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7534b248f9acb43c4fa4ccafd1ee77af9661a88 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/29019be34d0c59210165af50a8904f749d7c0678_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +# IM VORFELD + +- + +Das Einverständnis der Wehrführung liegt vor. Dies gilt nicht nur für die ausrichtende Feuerwehr, sondern auch für alle teilnehmenden Feuerwehr-Mannschaften. Das Entsendungsprinzip ist einzuhalten, d.h. die Teilnahme einer Feuerwehr-Mannschaft wird offiziell durch ihre Wehrführung schriftlich angemeldet (Anmeldebogen). + +- + +Der Feuerwehrlauf ist mit offiziellem Termin, Ort und Uhrzeit im Dienstplan festgehalten. + +- + +Die Laufveranstaltung muss organisatorischen Bezug zur Feuerwehr haben, das heißt sie wird z.B. von einer Freiwilligen Feuerwehr, einem Kreis- oder Stadtfeuerwehrverband oder einem Landesfeuerwehrverband ausgeschrieben. + +- + +Der Feuerwehrlauf richtet sich ausschließlich an Mannschaften der Feuerwehren, die sich untereinander sportlich vergleichen. Bei größeren Laufveranstaltungen, in die der Feuerwehrlauf organisatorisch eingebunden wird, muss die Feuerwehr eine eigene Wertungskategorie erhalten. + +# LAUFSTRECKE + +- + +Die Strecke ist vor Veranstaltungsbeginn von den Organisatoren selbst durchlaufen und auf Sicherheitsaspekte überprüft worden. + +- + +Die Laufstrecke besteht aus gut ausgebauten Wegen (Waldboden/harte Naturwege, Asphalt, trittsicher und möglichst frei von Stolperstellen), nach Möglichkeit öffentliche und stark befahrene Straßen meiden. + +- + +Es sind ausreichend Sicherungs-/Streckenposten (v.a. an Stellen, die öffentliche Verkehrswege kreuzen) vorhanden (an Straßenüberquerungen keine Jugendfeuerwehrangehörigen als Sicherungs-/ Streckenposten) ggf. Absperrungen öffentlicher Straßen mit Behörde / Polizei im Vorfeld abstimmen. + +- + +Es sind ausreichend Schilder/Wegweiser zur Orientierung vorhanden. + +- + +Es sind ausreichend Sanitätspersonal und Ersthelfer-Ausrüstung im gesamten Streckenverlauf vorhanden, die Vorhaltung eines AED (Automatisierter Externer Defibrillator) wird empfohlen. + +- + +Auf der Laufstrecke ist auf weitere Passanten, Läufer, Walker (mit Stöcken), Hundehalter u.ä. zu achten. + +- + +Es sind im Zielbereich Getränke (Mineralwasser oder stark verdünnte Saftschorlen), Obst und Riegel für die Zieleinläufer/innen vorhanden. + +Achtung: Durch Nachkontrolle sicherstellen, dass niemand zurückbleibt! + +# BEI LAUFVERANSTALTUNGEN AM ABEND – NACH MÖGLICHKEIT TAGSÜBER DURCHFÜHREN + +- + +Die Strecke ist ausreichend ausgeleuchtet. + +- + +Die Läufer/innen verfügen über helle, reflektierende Bekleidung (bspw. Leuchtweste, Kleidung mit Reflektorstreifen), separate Laufreflektoren (bspw. Bänder), Stirnlampen (LED-Lampen). + +Achtung: Generellen Mehrbedarf an Strecken und Sicherungsposten berücksichtigen! + +# SPORTAUSRÜSTUNG + +- + +Die Läufer/innen verfügen über zweckmäßige Sportkleidung (funktionelle Bekleidung) in Abhängigkeit von der Jahreszeit und aktuellen Wetterlage. + +- + +Die Läufer/innen verfügen über entsprechende Laufschuhe, die für den Wettbewerb geeignet sind. + +- + +Läufer/innen mit Kopfhörern (z.B. zur Musikwiedergabe) sind darauf hingewiesen worden, die Lautstärke während des Laufs möglichst niedrig zu halten, um mögliche bevorstehende Gefahren zu erkennen. + +# GESUNDHEIT + +- + +- diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/2922a0d2d1542d959a34d3f566779606b56b7bd7_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/2922a0d2d1542d959a34d3f566779606b56b7bd7_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a184d0c6342103cc16cbe5b48f94b4adb065a4f --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/2922a0d2d1542d959a34d3f566779606b56b7bd7_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +### 2.1 \(( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})\) 的相对轨形 GW- 不变量 + +类似于绝对轨形 GW- 不变量, \(( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})\) 的相对轨形 GW- 理论中的赋值映射的像落在 \(\underline{X}_{a} 与Z_{a}\) 的惯性轨形中. 我们前面已经分析过它们的惯性轨形, 即: + +\[(\mathrm{I} \underline{X}_{a} ,\mathrm{I}Z_{a})=( \underline{X}_{a} ⊔_{s\in D}Z_{a}(s),_{s\in}Z_{a}(s)).\] + +相对模空间 \(\overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n,\vec{\mu},A} ( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})\) 参数化了到 \(( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})\) 的如下的相对的轨形稳定映射: + +1. 映射的原像曲线的亏格为 \(g\); + +2. 此映射代表的下同调类为 \(A\in H_{2}(| \underline{X}_{a} |;\mathbb{Z}),且\vec{\mu}=(\mu_{1},\ldots,\mu_{\ell(\vec{\mu})})\) 为相交数 \(A\cdot[Z_{a}]\) 的一个 由正有理数给出的划分, 表示映射与除子 \(Z_{a}\) 相交于后 \(\ell(\vec{\mu})\) 个标识点, 并以 \(\vec{\mu}\) 为相应的分数阶相交重 \(\sum^{\ell(\vec{\mu})}\) + +数 (fractional contact order). 令 \(|\vec{\mu}|= \mu_{i=1i},则|\vec{\mu}|=A\cdot[Z_{a}]\). + +前 \(n\) 个标识点是非轨形标识点, 称为绝对标识点, 它们决定了如下的赋值映射 + +\[\text{ev}_{i}: \overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n,\vec{\mu},A} ( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})\rightarrow\mathrm{I} \underline{X}_{a} ,1\leqslant i\leqslant n.\] + +同时, 它们还决定了 \(n\) 个余切线丛 \(L_{i}\). 这些余切线丛的第一陈类也记为 \(\bar{\psi}_{i}.后\ell(\vec{\mu})\) 个标识点为相对 标识点, 它们决定了 \(\ell(\vec{\mu})\) 个赋值映射 + +\[\text{rev}_{i}: \overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n,\vec{\mu},A} ( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})\rightarrow Z_{a}(\{-\mu_{i}\})\subseteq\mathrm{I}Z_{a},1\leqslant i\leqslant\ell(\vec{\mu}).\] + +定义2.1 取 \(\underline{\alpha} =(\bar{\psi}^{\mathrm{a}_{1}}\alpha_{1},\ldots,\bar{\psi}^{\mathrm{a}_{n}}\alpha_{n})\in(\mathbb{C}[\bar{\psi}]\otimes H^{*}( \underline{X}_{a} ))^{\otimes n}与 \underline{\epsilon} =(\epsilon_{1},\ldots,\epsilon_{\ell(\vec{\mu})})\in H^{*}(\mathrm{I}Z_{a})^{\otimes\ell(\vec{\mu})}\), 其中 \(\epsilon_{j}\in H^{*}(Z_{a}(\{-\mu_{j}\})).( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})\) 的相对轨形 GW- 不变量定义为 + +\[\langle \underline{\alpha} \big| \underline{\epsilon} \rangle_{g}^{(} \tfrac{X}{,n}_{,\vec{\mu},A}^{,_{a}Z_{a}} :^{)}=\int_{[ \overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n,\vec{\mu},A} ( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})]}\prod_{i^{\text{vir}}=1}^{n}\bar{\psi}_{i}^{\mathrm{a}_{i}}\text{ev}_{i}^{*}\alpha_{i}\wedge\prod_{j=1}^{\ell(\vec{\mu})}\text{rev}_{j}^{*}\epsilon_{j}.\] (2.1) + +模空间 \(\overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n,\vec{\mu},A} ( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})\) 的期望维数 (参见 [20, Lemma 3.1]) 为 + +\[\text{vdim}_{\mathbb{C}} \overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n,\vec{\mu},A} ( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})=c \tfrac{X}{1}^{a} (A)+(\dim_{\mathbb{C}}X-3)(1-g)+n+\ell(\vec{\mu})-\iota^{Z_{a}}( \underline{\epsilon} )-|\vec{\mu}|,\] + +类似于绝对 GW- 不变量, 当 \(\frac{1}{2} (\deg \underline{\alpha} +\deg \underline{\epsilon} )\neq \text{vdim}_{\mathbb{C}} \overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n,\vec{\mu},A} ( \underline{X}_{a} ,Z_{a})\) 时, 不变量定义为 0. 有关 相对轨形 GW- 理论的构造与退化公式可以参见 [1, 10]. 为了后面使用方便, 我们引入两个记号: + +\[\begin{aligned} ) \\ \iota^{Z_{a}}(\epsilon_{j}):&=\iota^{Z_{a}}(\{-\mu_{j}\})=\sum_{u=1}^{\kappa}\{-a_{u}\mu_{j}\},和\iota^{Z_{a}}( \underline{\epsilon} ):=\sum_{j=1}^{\ell(\vec{\mu}}\iota^{Z_{a}}(\epsilon_{j}). \end{aligned}\] (2.2) + +### 2.2 \(\kappa=1时(X,S)\) 的相对 GW- 不变量 + +当 \(\kappa=1\) 时, 我们也需要用到 \((X,S)\) 的相对不变量. 令 \(\vec{\mu}=(\mu_{1},\ldots,\mu_{\ell(\vec{\mu})})\) 为相交数 \(A\cdot[S]\) 的由 正整数给出的划分. 如此有 \(|\vec{\mu}|:=\sum_{i}\mu_{i}=A\cdot[S]\). 模空间 \(\overline{\mathscr{M}}_{g,n,\vec{\mu},A} (X,S)\) 参数化了到 \((X,S)\) 的如下的相对稳定映射: diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/29cf8f78dcf746f0d24796dea279a36234362a28_page_30_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/29cf8f78dcf746f0d24796dea279a36234362a28_page_30_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb02f48d71618385fc44013a4581c420a32c5dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/29cf8f78dcf746f0d24796dea279a36234362a28_page_30_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +### 4.8 FIPS-specific Marking + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +### 4.9 CSPN-specific Marking + +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/2b0abd9d5f0a599e7a70ae1180fc2eeafe5653bc_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/2b0abd9d5f0a599e7a70ae1180fc2eeafe5653bc_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a66c2271a8b7d9d3d5707516a0a6944d9c435948 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/2b0abd9d5f0a599e7a70ae1180fc2eeafe5653bc_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +stitution to support an intergovernmental tax immunity, but concluded that "the exemption rests upon necessary implication, and is upheld by the great law of self-preservation; as any government, whose means employed in conducting its operations, if subject to the control of another and distinct government, can exist only at the mercy of that government." 15 + +In Indian Motorcycle Co. v. United States , 16 the Court recognized that the concept of intergovernmental tax immunity was inferred from the Constitution, which calls for the maintenance of a dual system of government. At this stage in the development of intergovernmental tax immunity, the state's right to tax immunity was considered to be equal to the federal government's right to tax immunity. 17 The Court reaffirmed this principle in Burnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas Co. 18 In Coronado Oil , the Court considered each government to be supreme in its sphere. 19 + +A. The Scope of Intergovernmental Tax Immunity Defined + +The scope of intergovernmental tax immunity has always been limited to immunity from tax on means or instrumentalities essential to the operation of government. 20 The difficult issue in intergovernmental tax immunity cases has been defining what is an essential means or instrumentality of government. + +In the late 1800s, the Court began to define the scope of intergovernmental tax immunity. The Court held that a federal tax on salary paid to an officer of the state 21 or on interest in- + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/2cb8b9fbe5aaac3d7f95d110a3b08132ee09d103_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/2cb8b9fbe5aaac3d7f95d110a3b08132ee09d103_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84727987eb38cad0d18a9972d49f41b0c77c451e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/2cb8b9fbe5aaac3d7f95d110a3b08132ee09d103_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +Monitor 2 + +DC power source 1 + +Torque sensor 2 + +DC power source 2 + +Monitor 1 + +Coupling 4 + +Magnetic powder brake + +Coupling 3 + +Magnetorheological fluid transmission device + +Coupling 2 + +Coupling 1 + +Torque sensor 1 + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 1: MRF test-bed. + +Display panel + +Motor + +Computer + +Frequency converter + +Table 1: Three MRF samples’ index and the corresponding parameterof particles. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IndexParticle model𝐷av (average diameter)/𝜇mParticle size distribution 𝐷 (0.5)
𝐷 (0.1)𝐷 (0.9)
MRF-15MPS-MRF-153–5≤2.5≤4.5<8
MRF-25MPS-MRF-252.5–3.5≤2.0≤4.0<7
MRF-35MPS-MRF-351.5–2.8≤1.5≤2.5<5
+ +MRFTD work under the effect of constant magnetic field by regulatingthe excitingcurrent at 3.5 A. The excitingcurrent is produced by adjustable DC powersource. And the load of this system is set by adjustingthe excitingcurrent of MPB to 0.4 A. Besides that, the torque sensors are used to get the torque and the rotative speed difference of working disks, and the data is collected by the computer. Allexperiments are carried out at room temperature. + +2. 2. Preparation of MRF. The preparation of MRF can be + +realized by existing technology [18, 19]. The detailed steps can be described as follows. Firstly, carrier liquid and surfactant are mixed with certain proportion in acontainer. The mixture is stirred evenly under water-bathing at \(50^{\circ}C\) in a blender for 2 hours. Then, soft magnetic particles are poured slowly into the containerwhile the blenderis running. The particles are evenly distributed in the compound liquid after this step. Secondly, the mixture is milled in a planetary ballmill for about 10 h. The aim of this step is to ensure that soft + +magnetic particles are coated sufficiently by surfactant. The whole process can be shown in Figure 2. Keep the ingredients of MRF samples identicalexcept for particle size. And the volume fractions of soft magnetic particles are 20%. The details of soft magnetic particles (carbonyl iron powder, purchased from Jiangsu Tianyi Ultrafine Metal Powderco., Ltd.) and the index of samples are given in Table 1. + +## 3. Results and Discussion + +3. 1. Shear Stress of MRF. The relation between shear stress + +\((\gamma)\) and transmitted torque of MRF \((T)\) can be expressed as follows [20, 21]: + +\[T= \frac{2}{3} \pi\tau(r_{2}^{3}-r_{1}^{3})+ \frac{\pi\eta\Delta\omega}{2ℎ} (r_{2}^{4}-r_{1}^{4}).\] (1) + +Here, \(r_{1}\) is the innerradius of actuatordisk, \(r_{2}\) is the maximal radius of actuator disk, \(\eta\) is the viscosity of carrier liquid in zero magnetic fields, \(\Delta\omega\) is the rotative speed difference of diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/2dc955efe8554c45e47a488bc38a4079f59b908c_page_19_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/2dc955efe8554c45e47a488bc38a4079f59b908c_page_19_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e7b729873e2ac517ee1620150d259781ab3db10 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/2dc955efe8554c45e47a488bc38a4079f59b908c_page_19_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Ferguson, M. (2004). Campus hunger count 2004—Struggling to feed hope to Canada’s students: Food banks emerge in response to student hunger. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Association of Food Banks and Canadian Alliance of Student Associations. Frenette, M. (2004). Access to college and university: Does distance to school matter? Canadian Public Policy, 30(4), 427–443. Gallegos, D., Ramsey, R., & Ong, K. W. (2014). Food Insecurity: Is it an issue among tertiary students? Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, 67(5), 497–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9656-2 Garcia, A. C., Sykes, L., Matthews, J., Martin, N., & Leipert, B. (2010). Perceived facilitators of and barriers to healthful eating among university students. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 71(2), e28–e33. https://doi.org/10.3148/71.2.2010.69 Goldrick-Rab, S., Richardson, J., & Hernandez, A. (2017). Hungry and homeless in college: Results from a national study of basic needs insecurity in higher education. Washington, DC: ACCT. Retrieved from http://wihopelab.com/publications/hungryand-homeless-in-college-report.pdf Health Canada. (2007). Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition (2004)—Income-related household food security in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Office of Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Report no. 4696. Health Canada. (2017). Household food insecurity in Canada statistics and graphics (2011 to 2012). Ottawa, ON: Author. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/healthcanada/services/nutrition-science-research/food-security/household-food-security-statistics-2011-2012.html#s4.4House, J., Su, J., & Levy-Milne, R. (2006). Definitions of healthy eating among university students. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 67(1), 14–18. https:// doi.org/10.3148/67.1.2006.14 Hughes, R., Serebryanikova, I., Donaldson, K., & Leveritt, M. (2011). Student food insecurity: The skeleton in the university closet. Nutrition & Dietetics, 68(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2010.01496.x MacDonald, E., & Shaker, E. (2014). Tier for two: Managing the optics of provincial tuition fee policies. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives. Retrieved from https://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/reports/tier-two Maroto, M. E., Snelling, A., & Linck, H. (2014). Food insecurity among community college students: Prevalence and association with grade point average. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 39(6), 515–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/106 68926.2013.850758 McCarthy, M. E., & Sabry, J. H. (1973). Canadian university students’ nutrition misconceptions. Journal of Nutrition Education, 5(3), 193–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0022-3182(73)80085-80088 Meldrum, L. A., & Willows, N. D. (2006). Food insecurity in university students receiving financial aid. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 691(6), 43– diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/2e351c0fd31721d63e420dcd006d23483227d059_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/2e351c0fd31721d63e420dcd006d23483227d059_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e06449178b777a0fc1ee646407e1c6d4cad01e47 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/2e351c0fd31721d63e420dcd006d23483227d059_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +Os resultados foram semelhantes aos apontados na literatura que destacaram impactos de curto ou longo prazo para pacientes e familiares, tais como: (i) psicológicos, como raiva, autoculpabilização, medo, perda da confiança no cuidado em saúde, memórias vívidas do evento, luto, traumas, depressão, ideação suicida; efeitos sociais/comportamentais, necessidade de compartilhar a experiência, mudança da visão de si mesmo, mudanças de comportamento na busca dos serviços de saúde; (ii) físicos, como disfunção ou perda de membros, órgãos ou sentidos, necessidade de novas cirurgias, tratamentos, reabilitação, terapia e novos medicamentos para lidar com a nova doença ou condição; (iii) financeiros, como perda do emprego, seguro-saúde, acúmulo de dívidas com contas do tratamento de saúde; (iv) suicídios e óbitos (SOUTHWICK; CRANLEY; HALLISY, 2015; MIRA et al., 2017; OTTOSEN et al., 2018). Para os familiares destacam-se: trauma emocional, estresse de cuidar do paciente, perda financeira, do estilo de vida, do emprego, da moradia, culpa e divórcio (SOUTHWICK; CRANLEY; HALLISY, 2015). + +## Reparação ou mitigação dos eventos adversos + +Nesta última categoria, pacientes e familiares buscavam justiça, seja divina ou judicial para reparação de danos morais e materiais advindos de problemas vivenciados no cuidado em saúde. As postagens sublinhando desejo ou ação de reparação listaram problemas ligados à cirurgia, obstetrícia, atrasos no atendimento, erro de diagnóstico, medicamentos, tratamento inadequado, assédio, paciente adquiriu outra doença após o tratamento e óbito. + +“Inclusive minha sobrinha veio pra cá [...] para não correr o risco de ter de fazer o parto no carro. Ela não teve seu bebê no domingo [...] por descaso médico, negligência médica. Deixaram o bebê morrer na barriga da mãe” [...]. “Nós queremos que seja feita justiça, e é isso que vamos cobrar, é para isso que vamos lutar.” (Postagem 89 – Reportagem). + +Achados semelhantes são encontrados na literatura nacional (BRAGA; ERTLER; GARBIN, 2017; GOMES; SÁ, 2017; CARVALHO; CADIDÉ, 2019) e internacional (GIRALDO et al., 2016; HWANG et al., 2018). No Brasil, a judicialização engloba serviços ambulatoriais e cirúrgicos (CARVALHO; CADIDÉ, 2019). A maior parte dos processos refere-se a danos morais e materiais, ligados às especialidades de ginecologia e obstetrícia e a cirurgias, e o réu foi o setor privado (GOMES; SÁ, 2017). Nos estudos internacionais, o maior motivo foi relacionado ao diagnóstico, como falhas, atrasos ou erros (GIRALDO et al., 2016). Contudo, outro estudo, revelou que os problemas mais frequentes nas alegações judiciais foram relacionados à cirurgia e a complicações perinatais, sendo que as três especialidades mais arroladas nas alegações judiciais foram obstetrícia, ortopedia e medicina de emergência (HWANG et al., 2018). + +# CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS + +Nos últimos anos, a internet surgiu como campo de delimitação de novas fronteiras sociais e culturais. O Facebook destaca-se como campo de pesquisa na saúde, devido à sua conformação e à possibilidade de criação de grupos e comunidades abrangendo usuários com objetivos em comum. Este estudo apresenta limites dos quais vale mencionar, em primeiro lugar, a incipiência do tema segurança do paciente no contexto brasileiro que, certamente, influencia a percepção dos pacientes acerca da identificação desses problemas. Inicialmente, considerou-se adotar a ferramenta Netvizz para extração de posts do Facebook; no entanto, ao longo do planejamento deste estudo, a ferramenta foi descontinuada e toda a coleta precisou ser feita manualmente. No entanto, o desafio de coletar de forma manual um conteúdo tão dinâmico como o de uma rede social permitiu assegurar que os preceitos éticos fossem respeitados, diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/2f6acb03d54deb12611032a78079d40857f90415_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/2f6acb03d54deb12611032a78079d40857f90415_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03bd3d58613759eb77424185a39c06f524d53181 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/2f6acb03d54deb12611032a78079d40857f90415_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +tal, social, cultural and educational needs of the “outgoing generation”, the current model of the university of the third age requires far-reaching changes and reforms, especially the spread of this idea on the European scale and a comprehensive programme and organization in order to satisfy such important human desires as the need to make sense of life, the need of self-realization, creativity, doing good and living an authentic, not simulated life, regardless old age, which is often seen as a painful shadow in arduous everyday reality. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/3004640a7e3cfd0cccf3b49e4f07c260484e4478_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/3004640a7e3cfd0cccf3b49e4f07c260484e4478_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..856ccc6b40101a8285ea53b2592dcb8e039e2efc --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/3004640a7e3cfd0cccf3b49e4f07c260484e4478_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +153 + +| 151 | 004 | +| --- | --- | +| 151 | 131 | +| 153 131 | O | +| | 131 | +| 004 | 131 153 | +| | 151 | +| | 151 | + +| | 022 | +| --- | --- | +| 131 | | +| | 113 | +| | O | +| 111 | 111 | +| 013 | 131 | +| | 022 | + +153 + +## c + +## d + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +044 + +022 + +O + +022 + +044 + +Fig. 2 FFT patterns and structural model of a T-carbon nanowire. FFT patterns with a zone axis of [2, 1, 1], b zone axis between [3, 1, 0] and [5, 1, 0] with an angle from a of 27°, and c zone axis close to [5, 1, 1] with an angle from a of 18° and an angle from b of 10° (scale bar = 5 nm−1). d Structural model of Tcarbon (Fd3m, lattice constant = 7.80 Å) + +quartz container with an optical path length of 40 mm and preserved under a nitrogen atmosphere. A Q-switched laser with a wavelength of 532 nm (doubled from a Nd:VAN laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm), pulse duration of 10 ps, repetition frequency of 1000 Hz, and pulse power of 75 mW was applied. The laser was focused 0.5 cm away from the front wall of the self-designed container with a beam size of 0.5 mm. The suspension was irradiated by the laser beam for 1 h while it was kept under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred with a magnetic stirring bar. The suspension became transparent after the laser reaction. The as-produced gas was collected for further analysis. + +Lattice structures of T-carbon. Many unreacted MWCNTs and amorphous phases in addition to the NWs were observed by HRTEM from the suspension after laser irradiation (Supplementary Fig. 2). The NWs were observed to have the same crystal planes and interplanar crystal spacings, which are distinguishable from unreacted MWCNTs (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 3a) and amorphous phases (Supplementary Fig. 3b). Two sets of crystal planes with an interplanar crystal spacing of 1.95 ± 0.01 Å intersected with an interplanar angle of 90 ± 2° were observed (Fig. 1b). A fast Fourier transform (FFT) pattern calculated from the HRTEM image is shown in Fig. 1c. The FFT pattern shows a square pattern with vector OR1 corresponding to a lattice fringe spacing of 2.76 ± 0.01 Å and vector OR2 corresponding to a lattice fringe spacing of 1.95 ± 0.01 Å, indicating a cubic or tetragonal crystal system. FFT patterns were used instead of selected area electron diffraction (SAED) for structure analysis since the NWs were unstable under SAED measurement conditions where an electron flux of several orders of magnitude larger than 105 [e] nm−2 s−1 was used. Tilting the NWs to other desired zone axes is a big challenge since the NWs are only about 10–20 nm wide (hard to observe Kikuchi lines). The analysis of many NWs with different zone axes parallel to the electron beam direction was adopted for further lattice characterization. The FFT of another NW gives a hexagonal pattern corresponding to lattice fringe spacing of 2.76 ± 0.01 Å as shown in Fig. 1d. The square and hexagonal FFT patterns of the as-produced NWs suggest a cubic crystal lattice. The reagents in the reaction system include MWCNTs and methanol only. Hence, only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen elements are contained in the products. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was adopted to determine the valence, chemical bonding, and atomic composition of the as-produced NWs (Fig. 1e)34. Background correction was carried out for the EELS spectra before calculation of the \(\sigma/\pi\) ratio to eliminate the effects of carbon film. Only the electron transition from 1-s level to \(\sigma*\) band was observed from the carbon k-edge spectrum, where the electronic transition from 1-s level to \(\pi*\) band is negligible (Fig. 1e). The \((\pi*/(\pi*+\sigma*))\) ratio of the NWs was estimated to be 0.04 ± 0.01. The sp2 ratio was calculated to be 16 ± 4% due to the surrounding amorphous structures. The carbon NWs are supposed to be composed of only sp3 carbon, which is similar to diamond35. The \((\pi*/(\pi*+\sigma*))\) ratio of the unreacted MWCNTs (Supplementary Fig. 3a) was estimated to be 0.13 ± 0.01 according to the carbon k-edge (Supplementary Fig. 3c). The ratio of sp2 carbon is calculated to be 51.6 ± 0.03%13, 36. The high sp3 ratio of the NWs is consistent with the T-carbon structure. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/3084ea7341eaa1765f6676cd8da5e322851bb1d1_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/3084ea7341eaa1765f6676cd8da5e322851bb1d1_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dbc7eac6c2f305a00bf016449995150ccbae6f69 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/3084ea7341eaa1765f6676cd8da5e322851bb1d1_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +## • Genomic variation. Impact of regulatory variation from RNA to protein. Science + +Battle, A., Khan, Z., Wang, S. H., Mitrano, A., Ford, M. J., Pritchard, J. K., Gilad, Y. 2015; 347 (6222): 664-667 + +- Impact of regulatory variation from RNA to protein SCIENCE + +Battle, A., Khan, Z., Wang, S. H., Mitrano, A., Ford, M. J., Pritchard, J. K., Gilad, Y. 2015; 347 (6222): 664-667 + +## • The Genetic and Mechanistic Basis for Variation in Gene Regulation PLOS GENETICS + +Pai, A. A., Pritchard, J. K., Gilad, Y. 2015; 11 (1) + +- msCentipede: Modeling Heterogeneity across Genomic Sites and Replicates Improves Accuracy in the Inference of Transcription Factor Binding. PloS one + +Raj, A., Shim, H., Gilad, Y., Pritchard, J. K., Stephens, M. 2015; 10 (9) + +- msCentipede: Modeling Heterogeneity across Genomic Sites and Replicates Improves Accuracy in the Inference of Transcription Factor Binding. PloS one + +Raj, A., Shim, H., Gilad, Y., Pritchard, J. K., Stephens, M. 2015; 10 (9) + +- Methylation QTLs Are Associated with Coordinated Changes in Transcription Factor Binding, Histone Modifications, and Gene Expression Levels PLOS GENETICS + +Banovich, N. E., Lan, X., McVicker, G., van de Geijn, B., Degner, J. F., Blischak, J. D., Roux, J., Pritchard, J. K., Gilad, Y. 2014; 10 (9) + +## • fastSTRUCTURE: Variational Inference of Population Structure in Large SNP Data Sets GENETICS + +Raj, A., Stephens, M., Pritchard, J. K. 2014; 197 (2): 573-U207 + +## • The deleterious mutation load is insensitive to recent population history. Nature genetics + +Simons, Y. B., Turchin, M. C., Pritchard, J. K., Sella, G. 2014; 46 (3): 220-224 + +## • The functional consequences of variation in transcription factor binding. PLoS genetics + +Cusanovich, D. A., Pavlovic, B., Pritchard, J. K., Gilad, Y. 2014; 10 (3) + +## • The chromatin architectural proteins HMGD1 and H1 bind reciprocally and have opposite effects on chromatin structure and gene regulation BMC GENOMICS + +Nalabothula, N., McVicker, G., Maiorano, J., Martin, R., Pritchard, J. K., Fondufe-Mittendorf, Y. N. 2014; 15 + +## • The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on gene expression levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines. PloS one + +Çaliskan, M., Pritchard, J. K., Ober, C., Gilad, Y. 2014; 9 (9) + +## • Epigenetic modifications are associated with inter-species gene expression variation in primates GENOME BIOLOGY + +Zhou, X., Cain, C. E., Myrthil, M., Lewellen, N., Michelini, K., Davenport, E. R., Stephens, M., Pritchard, J. K., Gilad, Y. 2014; 15 (12) + +## • Primate Transcript and Protein Expression Levels Evolve Under Compensatory Selection Pressures SCIENCE + +Khan, Z., Ford, M. J., Cusanovich, D. A., Mitrano, A., Pritchard, J. K., Gilad, Y. 2013; 342 (6162): 1100-1104 + +## • Identification of Genetic Variants That Affect Histone Modifications in Human Cells SCIENCE + +McVicker, G., van de Geijn, B., Degner, J. F., Cain, C. E., Banovich, N. E., Raj, A., Lewellen, N., Myrthil, M., Gilad, Y., Pritchard, J. K. 2013; 342 (6159): 747-749 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/30bf26b6243e63ec6a2e0531e01a079ba86a026a_page_38_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/30bf26b6243e63ec6a2e0531e01a079ba86a026a_page_38_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..268dacc488c50044eaa90a771e1c25f7607a6364 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/30bf26b6243e63ec6a2e0531e01a079ba86a026a_page_38_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +Section 14.7 Credit Union: + +After approval by the County Board, the County shall deduct from the wages of the employees who so authorize, and remit payments to the Local 73 Credit Union or the County's Pay Saver Credit Union. + +Section 14.8 Personnel Files: + +Upon written request to the Department Personnel Office, an employee may inspect his/her personnel file at any time mutually acceptable to the employee and Employer. Copies of materials in employee's personnel file shall be provided to the employee upon request. An employee may file a written rejoinder, to be placed in his/her personnel file, concerning any matter in the file. + +The Union, upon request, shall be provided access to documentation relied upon by the Employer in matters invoking discipline, promotion, transfer or layoff, including documentation retained in departmental files. + +The Employer shall maintain records in accordance with the Personnel Record Review Act, 820 ILCS 40/1 et seq.. + +Section 14.9 Discipline: + +A. The Employer shall not demote, suspend, discharge or take any disciplinary action against an employee without just cause. Employees who are to be or may be disciplined are entitled to Union Representation exclusively in any disciplinary proceedings. The Union and the Employer agree that discipline should be timely, progressive and accompanied by counseling where appropriate and it shall normally be done in a manner that will not embarrass the employee before other employees or the public. It is understood that all discipline below suspension shall be discarded after one (1) calendar year if there has not been a like discipline problem. + +B. The Employer agrees with the principles of fairness and consistency in imposing discipline. Generally, disciplinary action will include the following steps: + +Oral reprimand + +Written reprimand + +Suspension + +Discharge + +In determining what disciplinary action is appropriate, the Employer will consider the nature and the gravity of the misconduct, the employee's disciplinary record, and any mitigating circumstances. + +Section 14.10 Conduct of Disciplinary Investigation + +Whenever an employee covered by this Agreement is the subject of a disciplinary investigation by the Office of Professional Review (“OPR”) or similar type agency, the interrogation will be conducted in the following manner: + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/30d6bea2ddfa0451a071ffa6231e6b256fc94fd8_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/30d6bea2ddfa0451a071ffa6231e6b256fc94fd8_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5efdf388c4f9d31025d0614071e4e6c625b6a5c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/30d6bea2ddfa0451a071ffa6231e6b256fc94fd8_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +ferrite phases were distinct. It is however possible to clearly separate the content of phases in the tested composites. This suggests that the incorporation of nano particles in the crystal structure of iron changes its network parameters [22]. Fig. 3d shows a homogeneous distribution of TiN in the steel matrix with a general tendency of the reinforcing TiN phase to locate itself at the vicinity of grain boundaries in the matrix. Microstructural examinations from previous studies have shown that the favored sites for the formation of phases are grain boundaries and the reinforcement/matrix interface [27]. The phase of iron nitride formed in the XRD result (Fig. 2) is obviously due to the diffusion of iron and nitride at the grain boundary as indicated in the EDS result (Fig. 3b1). It is worthy to state that during the SPS process, non-equilibrium conditions exists in the material, which has a significant influence on diffusion and the reactions taking place during sintering. The formation of FeN0.068 phase in the studied composites is as a result of intense phenomena taking place during SPS (surface activation, diffusion, surface melting, necking between the particles of sintered powder, and plastic flow [28]). During sintering, mass transport increases and eventually results in + +## a + +## c + +# Precipitates within grain boundaries + +98.5 + +290 + +98.0 + +97.5 + +285 + +97.0 + +280 + +96.5 + +| | | | | | | 275 | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | +| 96.0 | | | | | | | +| 95.5 | | | | | | 270 | +| | 1000 | 1050 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | | + +Sintering temperature (ºC) + +Fig. 4 – Effect of sintering temperature variation on the densification and hardness of DSS 2205-5TiN. + +## b + +## d + +# Pores + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 5 – Microstructures of composites with 5% TiN sintered at (a) 1000, (b) 1100, (c) 1150 and \((d)1200^{\circ}C\). diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/3102ce9927fa920d267b414bd89179079fddddfe_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/3102ce9927fa920d267b414bd89179079fddddfe_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fdaca9acc184cfc0f08e83b994619a056d8a2794 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/3102ce9927fa920d267b414bd89179079fddddfe_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +![](figure) + +Fig. 2 + +![](figure) + +Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves of the three threaded cups with loosening as the endpoint. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Table V. Hip score according to Merle d'Aubigné and Postel10 (maximum 12 points) in the three groups by percentage + +| | Poor (<8) | Middle (8 to 9) | Good (>10) | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | +| MecA | 25.4 | 15.5 | 59.1 | +| MecB | 35.1 | 15.3 | 49.5 | +| Weill | 24.6 | 16.4 | 59.0 | + +Table VI. Mean (SD) Merle d'Aubigné and Postel10 hip score related to loosening in all three groups + +| | Stable | Loose | p value | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | +| Pain | | | | +| MecA | 4.86 (1.76) | 3.82 (2.5) | <0.05 | +| MecB | 4.31 (2.15) | 4.09 (2.21) | NS | +| Weill | 4.81 (1.91) | 4.71 (2.22) | NS | +| Ability to walk | | | | +| MecA | 4.43 (1.43) | 3.78 (1.48) | 0.06 | +| MecB | 4.23 (1.50) | 3.56 (1.33) | NS | +| Weill | 4.05 (1.63) | 4.2 (1.48) | NS | + +able of 703 hips for full assessment. Signs of loosening of the cup were seen in 46 hips (6.5%) and of migration in 60 hips (8.5%) (Table III). Signs of definite loosening were present in 71 hips (10.1%). Table IV shows the complication rate (surgical revision or loosening). The risk of loosening increased with time and increased rapidly after five years (Fig. 2). The gender, age and weight (Broca index) of the patients did not influence loosening. Ectopic ossification (Fig. 3). Signs of heterotopic ossification were seen in 27% of patients, but severe ossification was present in only four. There was no significant difference in heterotopic ossification between the different threaded cups (chi-squared test). Clinical assessment (Tables V and VI). About 70% of our patients had good or acceptable results as measured by the hip score. No significant difference was found in pain and ability to walk between patients with or without signs of loosening, except for pain in the MecA group. + +Fig. 3 + +Ectopic ossification as assessed by the Brooker score. + +## DISCUSSION + +Aseptic loosening of endoprostheses presents a major challenge at revision, especially in cement removal and loss of bone stock. Cementless THAs were developed to overcome some of these problems, but worse results have been reported in comparison with ‘traditional’ cemented endoprostheses.2,3 In our experience cementless fixation of the femoral component gives good middle-term results, but the acetabular component may produce problems.4 The threaded fixation of the acetabular component gives good primary stability with only a small variation due to differences in design.11 The short-term results were encouraging,12,13 but in more recent studies with a maximum follow-up of seven years high rates of failure have been reported.4,7,14,15 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/34530cb517fd67278fde916e2f082d174698e97c_page_25_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/34530cb517fd67278fde916e2f082d174698e97c_page_25_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65577aafc70e707ae833123c01aa5e91efb069a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/34530cb517fd67278fde916e2f082d174698e97c_page_25_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1987/solow-lecture.html. + +16. Gregory Tassey, “Rationales and mechanisms for revitalizing US manufacturing R&D strategies,” Journal of Technology Transfer, v. 35, n. 3 (June 2010): 290. Available at http://hbr.org/hbr-main/resources/pdfs/comm/fmglobal/restoring-american-competitiveness.pdf . + +17. DG Trade Statistics, World Trade in Goods, Services, FDI, Feb. 28, 2012. Available at + +http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_122531.pdf. + +18. U.S. Census Bureau, Trade in Goods with Advanced Technology Products, 2011. Available at http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c0007.html. + +19. Robert D. Atkinson, The Past and Future of America’s Economy—Long Waves of Innovation that Power Cycles of Growth. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar (2004): 3-40. See, generally, Carlota Perez, Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar (2002): 3-46. The quality manufacturing wave, discussed below, was led in the 1970s-80s by Japan. + +20. Vernon W. Ruttan, Is War Necessary for Economic Growth, Military Procurement and + +Technology Development New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006. + +21. Suzanne Berger, How We Compete: What Companies Around the World Are Doing to Make it in Today’s Global Economy New York: Doubleday Currency (2005): 251-277. + +22. National Science Board, Science and Technology Indicators 2012 (NSF, Jan. 17, 2012) (NSF Indicators), Figure 4-16. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/c4/c4s8.htm. + +23. NSF Indicators 2012, Figure O-2. Available at + +http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/pdf/overview.pdf. According to Indicators 2012, the largest global Science and Technology (S&T) gains occurred in the so-called “Asia-10”— China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand—as those countries integrate S&T into economic growth. Between 1999 and 2009, the U.S. share of global research and development (R&D) dropped from 38 percent to 31 percent, whereas it grew from 24 percent to 35 percent in the Asia region during the same time. + +24. Tassey, “Rationales and mechanisms for revitalizing US Manufacturing R&D Strategies”, p. 297. + +25. NSF Indicators 2012, Figure 4.2. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/figures.htm. + +26. Tassey, “Rationales and mechanisms for revitalizing U.S. manufacturing.” + +27. BLS, CES; PCAST, Advanced Manufacturing Partnership, “Capturing Domestic Competitive + +Advantage in Manufacturing,” AMP Report (July 20 2012): 11. Available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast_amp_steering_committee_report_final_july _27_2012.pdf. + +28. Barry C. Lynn, End of the Line New York: Doubleday (2005): 1-18. + +29. ITIF, “Enough is Enough, Confronting Chinese Innovation Merchantilism” (Feb. 2012). Available at http://www2.itif.org/2012-enough-enough-chinese-mercantilism.pdf. Techniques include currency manipulation, tariffs, forced technology transfer, industrial subsidies, forced joint venture requirements, controls on foreign purchases, discriminatory standards, weak patenting and IP theft. See, also, regarding IP theft, Michael, Riley and Ashlee Vance, “It’s Not Paranoia if They’re Stealing Your Secrets”, Bloomberg Business Week, (March 19, 2012): 76-84. Compare, Edward S. Steinfeld, Playing Our Game, Why China’s Rise Doesn’t Threaten the West. Oxford, New York: Oxford Univ. Press (2010): 230-234; Carl J. Dahlman, The World Under Pressure; How China and India are Influencing the Global Economy and Environment. Stanford, CA.: Stanford Univ. Press (2012): 182-205. + +30. Dahlman, The World Under Pressure. + +31. Paul A. Samuelson, “Where Ricardo and Mill Rebut and Confirm Arguments of Mainstream + +Economists Supporting Globalization,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18:3 (Summer 2004): 135-137, 144-145. Available at http://www.nd.edu/~druccio/Samuelson.pdf. + +32. Catherine L. Mann, Institute for International Economics, International Economics Policy Briefs, “Globalization of IT Services and White Collar Jobs”, N. PB03-11 (Dec. 2003). Available at http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb03-11.pdf . + +33. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics, Trade in Goods with Advanced Technology Products. + +34. Clayton Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard Business School diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/34dc485d10477536b169ef387683c7dd2f0cc30d_page_170_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/34dc485d10477536b169ef387683c7dd2f0cc30d_page_170_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e51253c1bdefd6cd4147ee90604b1a86411ff2c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/34dc485d10477536b169ef387683c7dd2f0cc30d_page_170_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +### \(6.5.\text{StudyingtheinteractionsofGp}39\text{andGp}40\) + +As the in vivo degradation assays showed no degradation for Gp39 and was somewhat inconclusive for Gp40, to try and gain some insight into how they appeared in the pull down assay with the ClpC DWB trap mutant we decided to investigate whether they were able to interact with Gp53 and/or ClpC using bacterial two-hybrid and bacterial three-hybrid assays. + +#### \(6.5.1.\text{Bacterialtwo}-\text{hybridassayofGp}39\text{andGp}40\text{withGp}53\) + +Firstly, Gp39 and Gp40 were cloned into the bacterial two-hybrid vector pUT18 to create fusions with the T18 domain of the adenylate cyclase. Once the vectors were created bacterial two-hybrid assays were set up to test whether these proteins interact with Gp53. Interestingly, as can be seen in Figure 6.8, Gp40 significantly interacts with Gp53 but not quite to the extent that is seen with ClpC, perhaps indicating more of a weak interaction. Conversely, Gp39 showed no significant interaction with Gp53 (Figure 6.8). diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/363300831b3da664b1bfe972e4f86464fa076da3_page_149_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/363300831b3da664b1bfe972e4f86464fa076da3_page_149_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e4a466736d2042a1ab7707c0425d1284db69719 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/363300831b3da664b1bfe972e4f86464fa076da3_page_149_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Vor dem Hintergrund dieses Spannungsfeldes zwischen Humankapital und wirtschaftlichem Umfeld stellt sich unter anderem die Frage nach der Weiterbildung im Alter bzw. nach den Möglichkeiten einer zweiten Karriere, die anschliessend thematisiert wird. + +# Zweite Karriere 3 + +Die Anpassung eines Unternehmens an ein verändertes wirtschaftliches Umfeld läuft in der Regel darauf hinaus, das vorhandene Humankapital zu erneuern. Dies geschieht meistens in Verbindung mit Investitionen oder Desinvestitionen und auf der Grundlage strategischer Neuorientierungen. Die Erneuerung des Humankapitals bzw. das Einschlagen einer zweiten Karriere ist für Erwerbstätige im mittlerem und höherem Alter eine besondere Herausforderung. Die pessimistische Lagebeurteilung für solche Personen wird vor allem durch zwei Argumente genährt: + +- Der Wechsel des Arbeitsplatzes wird durch verschiedene rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen erschwert. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Sozialversicherungen, bei denen einzelne Kosten mit dem Lebensalter zunehmen. + +- Die Möglichkeiten werden unterschätzt, wie z.B. der Einstieg in die Selbständigkeit oder andere Formen unternehmerischer Aktivitäten auf eigene Rechnung. Diese Betätigungsfeld hat in den letzten Jahren stark an Bedeutung gewonnen im Zusammenhang mit der weiter oben erwähnten gehäuften Restrukturierung von Unternehmen. Viele aufgegebene oder ausgegliederte Firmenaktivitäten stellen ein breites Feld dar, das unternehmerisch bewirtschaftet werden kann. + +Dass langjährige Erfahrungen von Erwerbstätigen eine wertvolle und vermarktbare Dienstleistung sind, wurde mit der Gründung des Vereins Adlatus4 schon lange erkannt. Ausserdem sprechen fol-gende Gründe für Chancen, eine zweite Karriere oder zumindest einen Arbeitswechsel anzupacken: + +- Für Arbeitgeber ist der Zugriff auf ehemalige Arbeitnehmer ein Vorteil, weil diese über firmenspezifisches Know-how verfügen. + +- Ehemalige Arbeitnehmer können ihr Know-how mehreren Firmen anbieten, so dass sie fachspezifisches Wissen erweitern können, was für Arbeitgeber interne Weiterbildungskosten spart. + +- Die durch die Anstellung erworbenen Markt- und Branchenkenntnisse lassen sich für neue Zwecke einsetzen. Sowohl für Banken als Kreditgeber oder Investor als auch für Versicherungen ist solches Know-how wertvoll.5 + +- Schliesslich ist auf die Möglichkeit hinzuweisen, in Fragen, die mit den ehemaligen Tätigkeitsfeldern der Anstellung zusammenhängen, als Berater tätig zu sein. + +3 + +4 + +In Anlehnung an: Charles Zijderveldt, Die zweite Karriere als Normalfall, Neue Zürcher Zeitung vom 6./7.1.01. "Adlatus ist eine interdisziplinäre Vereinigung von Fachexperten und ehemaligen Führungskräften der Wirtschaft aus der ganzen Schweiz. Der Name Adlatus kommt aus dem Lateinischen. Adlaten sind Helfer oder Beistände für die Lösung spezifischer Probleme. Obwohl wir praktisch alle unsere normale Karriere beendet haben, wollen wir unser Know-how und unsere Kenntnisse weitergeben. Wir gaben uns 1982 die Mission, unsere Berufs- und Lebenserfahrung KMUs und Start-Up-Firmen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Unsere etwa 250 Mitglieder nennen sich Adlaten und kommen aus praktisch allen Branchen und Bereichen der Wirtschaft. Unsere Vereinigung ist in 11 Regionen über die ganze Schweiz organisiert. Damit können wir schnell und gezielt meist mit lokalen Experten helfen." (aus: , vgl. auch Interview weiter vorne). Dies gilt insbesondere für Ingenieure, welche auch von Beratungs- und Informatikunternehmen gesucht werden. Zu diesem Zweck wurde 1987 die Gruppe "Ingenieure für die Schweiz von morgen" (INGCH) gegründet, die zum einen die Stellung des Ingenieurberufes in der Gesellschaft verbessern will und zum anderen als Plattform für Ingenieure dient, damit sie ihre berufliche Chancen besser wahrnehmen können (siehe: ). + +5 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/36456b9633b5673928677897b94734c9f50663f9_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/36456b9633b5673928677897b94734c9f50663f9_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..031b14c5539963237db7500be9e3d16ffa0e8539 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/36456b9633b5673928677897b94734c9f50663f9_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Los métodos tradicionales de adiestramiento son un obstáculo para bibliotecarios que se encuentran geográficamente dispersos. Las principales características y ventajas de la educación a distancia incluyen: crecientes oportunidades de educación continua para quienes no pueden participar en cursos convencionales; diseminación de información y administración coordinada en una unidad central; gran variedad de contribuciones del profesorado, tales como apoyo para la creación de materiales, desarrollo de seminarios y materiales de autoenseñanza y procedimientos cuidadosamente diseñados y coordinados.[^20] Más aún, las nuevas tecnologías ya se están usando para ofrecer programas de educación continua a los bibliotecarios, sin importar su ubicación física. El adiestramiento apoyado en computadora, disponible para ser consultado en cualquier momento, puede ser interactivo e individualizado, tal es el caso de los telecursos, que utilizan la videoconferencia, cursos en línea mediante Internet, o publicados en hojas Web que sirven, de modo permanente, como un recurso de apoyo.[^21] El personal de bibliotecas, por lo tanto, enfrenta el reto de adquirir conocimientos y habilidades con apoyo de la computadora.[^22] Sin embargo, la educación a distancia no está exenta de problemas. Aunque ya hay en la actualidad valiosas experiencias de estos programas de Maestría en Administración de Negocios o de otros programas de posgrado similares, se ha demostrado que “el paradigma de la oportunidad de la enseñanza a distancia” no se traduce necesariamente en beneficios para los estudiantes. Bajas calificaciones y deserciones son algunos de los problemas que han enfrentado las instituciones que los ofrecen. Las deficiencias, que se relacionan con el desarrollo de habilidades académicas para el aprendizaje independiente, son patentes en la educación a distancia, ya que carece de las grandes ventajas de la interacción cara a cara. El apoyo de bibliotecas es también inadecuado si se compara con los modelos existentes en el campus universitario para los cursos regulares.[^23] Debe también reconocerse que en muchos de los cursos de educación a distancia basados en Internet, el material impreso sigue siendo un apoyo sustancial, con la posibilidad de ofrecer contacto vía correo electrónico o páginas Web, de las cuales se pueden bajar copias de conferencias. En el campo de la administración los + +[^20]: D. P. Ely. Educational technology and distance education. 1981. Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghou- se on Information Resources. + +[^21]: K. A. Brandt and others. “Current topics in health sciences librarianship: a pilot program for net- worked based lifelong learning”. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 84(4), October 1996, 515-523. + +[^22]: A. J. Lessing and T. J. D. Bothma. “In service training for library staff. Guidelines for computer ai- ded training material”. [Indienospleiding van biblioteekpersoneel: riglyne vir rekenaargesteunde lesmateriaal.] South African Journal of Library and Information Science, 63(4), December 1995, 187-198. + +[^23]: L. M. Grobler. Information support to distance postgraduate students at the Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa. In Proceedings, Seventh Off Campus Library Services Conference, San Diego, California, October 25-27, 1995. 1995. Mount Pleasant, Michi- gan: Central Michigan University, pp. 163-174. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/3734d658b4732ac1f431dbb954537586c7da00b0_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/3734d658b4732ac1f431dbb954537586c7da00b0_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d680d3d73e5f6051753d31e99b3c0a74e79ffa58 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/3734d658b4732ac1f431dbb954537586c7da00b0_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +## TEACHING ENGLISH TO SPEAKERS OF OTHER LANGUAGES, CERTIFICATE + +# REQUIREMENTS + +# REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CERTIFICATE + +## 15 credits of course work include: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CodeTitleCredits
Foundation Courses
ENGL 314Structure of English3
ENGL 415Introduction to TESOL Methods3
Second Language Acquisition and Teaching Courses
ENGL 318Second Language Acquisition3
ENGL 515Techniques and Materials for TESOL3
Students must take 3 credits of TESOL Workshops.3
ENGL 613TESOL: Pedagogical Grammar I
ENGL 614TESOL: Pedagogical Grammar II
ENGL 615TESOL: Teaching Listening and Speaking
ENGL 616TESOL: Teaching of Reading
ENGL 617TESOL: Teaching of Writing
ENGL 618TESOL: Teaching Pronunciation
Total Credits15
+ +# RESIDENCE AND QUALITY OF WORK + +- Minimum 3.000 GPA in all courses approved for the certificate + +- At least 8 certificate credits must be completed in residence + +# UNDERGRADUATE/SPECIAL STUDENT CERTIFICATES + +This certificate may be completed within the context of an undergraduate degree or as a Special student after an undergraduate degree has been awarded from any institution. The certificate may be completed in its entirety while enrolled as a Special student. Candidates are encouraged to contact the certificate coordinator to discuss course enrollment and the sequencing of certificate requirements. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/3754542bf828b42b268defe21db8526945928834_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/3754542bf828b42b268defe21db8526945928834_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72b8fa1648bf3aab95a2730cd0842e6bdeedbd73 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/3754542bf828b42b268defe21db8526945928834_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +NBC CBS Fox CW My9 + +Step 2. Log into the following airings report portal to confirm if your local TV stations are airing the PSAs. + +# Tracking Reports + +To access reports for information on the airing of the new PSAs on U.S. and Canada stations use the following link: + +## http://reportcenter.c360m.com/ + +Username: AA2021 Password: connect! + +The Station Airing Detail reports, which shows where and how often the spots have “aired” (played), and the number of “audience impressions” (estimated number of people who viewed the spot) may be the most useful to local committees. + +The list below explains the different kinds of reports available via the link above. + +## TV Reports available + +- Station Airing Detail - provides monthly and cumulative placement values for each station in each market. + +- Daypart Detail - reports the placements for each station during the timeframes in which the PSAs aired. + +- Executive Summary - shows the performance of each spot, including airings, audience impressions, and media value. Provides an overview of market penetration, daypart results and demographic results. + +- Demographic Detail - outlines the audience reach among different age groups + +- Comparative Airings by Daypart - shows the placements for each PSA version among stations, during the timeframes in which the PSAs aired. + +- Comparative Airings by Station - shows the number of airings for each PSA version among stations. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/37fb51b11cdd57f2908085d9df2bf7758dfc5db1_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/37fb51b11cdd57f2908085d9df2bf7758dfc5db1_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6054f12115720a292fcc744a34e953e9a46206bd --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/37fb51b11cdd57f2908085d9df2bf7758dfc5db1_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +the Czech Republic today can be found in the Antidiscrimination Act (Act No. 198/2009 Coll.), and addresses discrimination in a range of areas which—in addition to labour issues and access to health care—explicitly include access to and the provision of education (Act No. 198/2009 Coll., Section 1).5 In addition to legal regulations, a wide definition of sexual harassment is also used in university policies, which are often based on national legislation (e.g. Vienna University, and in the UK University College London and the London School of Economics) and on research definitions of sexual harassment [e.g. Gruber 1992; Hill and Silva 2005; Fitzgerald 1996]. In my analysis, I draw on the aforementioned expert definitions of sexual harassment, which, although they are a construction, present relatively stable definitions of sexual harassment (i.e. they have been legalised and institutionalised in the Czech Republic, the EU, and a number of developed countries, and are repeatedly used in social research into sexual harassment). They build on the assumption that sexual harassment is unwanted behaviour which negatively impacts people’s well-being and human dignity. According to these definitions, sexual harassment does not include only obvious and explicit forms of sexual harassment but also a range of other, softer forms of unwanted conduct. I investigate to what extent these expert definitions are mirrored in students’ individual definitions, and explore the gap between the expert and individual definitions of sexual harassment in the Czech context. I ask how students define sexual harassment and, in line with other research studies on the role of various factors in the labelling of sexual harassment, what factors are related to one behaviour being labelled as sexual harassment and another not. Most of the research studies conducted so far come from the Anglo-Ameri-can cultural context, while this analysis offers a view of the specific Czech cultural environment, where the issue of sexual harassment in education surfaced only recently, the tradition of legally addressing sexual harassment is quite short, anti- + +tion was deleted and was replaced with a reference to the Antidiscrimination Act, which was not, however, adopted until 2009. Thus, for three years, the Czech Republic did not have any provision to redress (not only) the issue of sexual harassment. 5 As in the European directive, Czech legislation distinguishes between harassment and sexual harassment and both forms are defined very widely with a reference to the intention of the perpetrator, the violation of human dignity, and the inclusion of quid pro quo and hostile environment forms: + +(1) Harassment is understood as unwelcome behaviour + +(a) the intention or consequence of which is denigration of human dignity of an individual and the creation of a threatening, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment or + +(b) which can be justifiably perceived as a condition for a decision that can influence the exercise of rights and duties following from labour law relations. + +(2) sexual harassment is understood as behaviour pursuant to Paragraph 1 which is sexual in nature. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/385c01ed177acfac97735d31b168e8f795cac3e3_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/385c01ed177acfac97735d31b168e8f795cac3e3_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da7ff647f81989553c685bc41ce496380579f7bc --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/385c01ed177acfac97735d31b168e8f795cac3e3_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +others, al-Harawi in his Kitab al-maqamat . He was followed by Ibn 'Arabi, Ibn Sab'in (d. 669/1271) and their pupils as well as Ibn al-Farid and Najm al-Din al-Isra'ili (d. 677/1208). 38 To this group Ibn Khaldun uncompromisingly alleges them as being strongly influenced by the extremist neo-Ismaili Shi'a's idea of incarnation and the divinity of the imam. In addition, their idea of qutb (pole) 39 is quite closely corresponding to Shi'a's idea about their chiefs ( nuqaba ). According to Ibn Khaldun, many jurists and muftis rejected this idea. + +It should also be noted here that, in trying to give a more clear picture on divine oneness, Ibn Khaldun has inserted a quotation from Abu Mahdi 'Isa b. al-Zayyat. 40 This quotation includes some passage of al-Harawi's Maqamat particularly on the theory of oneness. + +SUFISM ASSESSED + +Ibn Khaldun recapitulates that the entire discussion of Sufism can be summarised in four main topics. The first topic covers mujahadat (strives), adhwaq (the tastes), muhasaba al-nafs (self-scrutiny or self-examination) in order to obtain the mystical experience. The second topic is kashf (revelment) and the perceivable spiritual realities ( al-haqiqa al-mudraka min 'alam al-ghayb ) such as divine attributes, the throne and so on. The third topic is the activities in the various worlds and among the various created things ( al- 'awalim wa-'il-akwan ) including the kinds of karamat (divine grace). The fourth topic is shatahat (ecstatic utterances), 41 the expression that are suspect in their plain meaning ( alfaz muhama al-zahir ). + +Towards the end of the passage, Ibn Khaldun draws the attention of his reader about the right and true Sufi practice, as he himself believes. Again, he recalls his reader to observe the practice and the attitude of the early Sufis ( salaf al-mutasawwifa ) as an ideal model. Those early Sufis have no desire to remove the veil, or to have such supernatural perception. Their main concern is to follow their models. They always turn away and pay no attention to supernatural perception. They always give priority to religious law ( shari'a ), which is more certain than any mystical experience. They even forbade the prolonged discussion of those matters. Finally, Ibn Khaldun advises that this should be the belief, attitude and practice of all Sufi novices ( murid ). 42 + +1. Issawi, Charles, An Arab Philosophy of History: Selections from the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldun of Tunis (1332-1406), London, 1950. p. 7 + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/38981f2077cc53dbc70b3942cde9eddc58836e03_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/38981f2077cc53dbc70b3942cde9eddc58836e03_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21513ba5a760fb5a6c3701ea8fed11d1126fb125 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/38981f2077cc53dbc70b3942cde9eddc58836e03_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Line 353: isn’t “D_{i,j}” also squared? The function used in ulam() was “cov_GPL2” and not “cov_GPL1”. + +## Evaluation round #2 + +### DOI or URL of the preprint: https://ecoevorxiv.org/rc8na/ + +### Version of the preprint: 4 + +# Author's Reply, None + +### Download author's reply + +# Decision by Matthieu Paquet, 07 Jun 2022 + +## Dear Authors, + +Your manuscript has been reviewed by one of the previous referees and based on their reviews and my reading, I am inviting you to revise it slightly according to their comments and suggestions. You will find their reviews below. In addition, I also have some comments: Line 41 “mediate”. Although I appreciate that it is indeed a statistical “mediator”, perhaps using a less causal terminology would be less ambiguous e.g. relationship between rank and reproductive success were conditional on life history? Lines 46-49: I would suggest avoiding the use of the term “complex” here as it can be rather subjective and such complexity levels are not referred to nor defined in the main text. Line 93: it sounds like all social mammals were included. Perhaps delete “all”. Line 292-299 Apologies for not suggesting it earlier on but could it be possible to provide the resulting consensus phylogenetic tree used in the study as a Figure, possibly with illustrations (animal characteristic shapes) for different taxa? It would provide the reader with a fast and intuitive assessment of the phylogenetic diversity and representativity of the dataset. Line 306: not sure “estimated all models” is the best wording (they are rather built and fitted to the data, then parameters are estimated). I’d suggest merging with the following sentence e.g.: We fit meta-analytic multilevel mixed-effects models with moderators via linear models (function “rma.mv” in the package metafor; Viechtbauer 2010)... Line 312: this sounds like the sampling variance was ignored when using the metafor package. Is that the case? It is also unclear in the text whether there is a difference in the way phylogeny was accounted for with the two approaches. See my main comment below based on previous reviews: a mathematical notation of the models (equations) would really help understanding what statistical models were built and whether they differ between the two approaches (beyond the existence of priors for the Bayesian approach). See e.g. Edwards & Auger-Méthé 2018 for guidance (https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13105). diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/39466c5ee26343651e1d602bd579dff958a50066_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/39466c5ee26343651e1d602bd579dff958a50066_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6adb037f8e16de5bd80ffd964e7295651dc47502 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/39466c5ee26343651e1d602bd579dff958a50066_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +Permenakentrans RI No. 13 tahun 2011. Tentang Nilai Ambang Batas Faktor Fisika dan Faktor Kimia di Tempat Kerja. + +Pudjiadi, AH., 2010. Pedoman Pelayanan Medis Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia, Pengurus Pusat Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI). Jakarta. + +Rahadian, R. R., 2016. Hubungan Antara Tekanan Panas dan Beban Kerja dengan Peningkatan Denyut Nadi Pekerja Pada Area Kerja BRF dan TFH di PT X. Skripsi. Surabaya: Universitas Airlangga + +Shintyar, Aminta Rahma. 2015. Hubungan Tekanan Panas dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Pekerja Perparkiran Kendaraan Bermotor di Basement Plaza Center Point Medan. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara. + +Siswanto, 1991. Tekanan Panas. Jawa Timur: Balai Hiperkes dan Keselamatan Kerja Depnaker. + +Siswanto, 2010. Tekanan Panas. Surabaya: Balai Hiperkes Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja. + +SNI, 2009. Tentang Penilaian Beban Kerja Bedasarkan Tngkat Kebutuhan Kalori Menurut Pengeluaran Energi. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional. + +Soedirman, 2014. Higiene Perusahaan. Jakarta: Erlangga. + +Soeripto, 2008. Higiene Industri. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia. + +Speegle, Michael, 2013. Safety, Health, and Environmental Concepts for the Process Industry. New York : Delmar. + +Spellman, F. R., 2006. Industrial Hygiene Simplified. [e-book] Oxford: The Scarecrow Press, Inc.. Tersedia di: https://en.booksee.org [18 Oktober 2019] + +Spruill, T, M. Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 12 (1) : 10-16. Tersedia di :< https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3694268/> [ 21 April 2019] + +Sugiyono, 2007. Statistika Untuk Penelitian. Bandung : Alfabeta + +Suma'mur, 2009. Higiene Perusahaan dan Kesehatan Kerja. Jakarta: CV. Haji Masagung. + +Suma'mur, 2014. Higiene Perusahaan dan Kesehatan Kerja (Hiperkes). 2 ed. Jakarta: Sagung Seto. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/39c4b332081f5e5ab3e0a18f8ede3f096c7dc470_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/39c4b332081f5e5ab3e0a18f8ede3f096c7dc470_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a13a36af89254047dc8214275136a273bb497f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/39c4b332081f5e5ab3e0a18f8ede3f096c7dc470_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +Her presentation notes that business as a noble enterprise finds a particular role in “the creation of jobs as an essential part of its service to the common good.” Today more people are presently employed in solar energy production and service than in the fossil fuel industry. Hence, the sense of business transition and economic transformation has already begun significantly with particular reference to the energy sector. + +The truth is that those countries whether developed or developing which reach the age of renewable sources of energy that will not denigrate the common legacy of the earth’s atmosphere will be those who offer their people better lives. They will be free from the cost of and dependence on fossil fuel. Poverty alleviation and development will be supported by a new paradigm of progress. There will be no conflicts over sun, wave and wind energy resources. The challenge posed by climate change is at the same time an opportunity for the world as a whole to prepare and move toward sustainable pathways of development supported by environmentally sound technologies based on renewable resources. + +However one should not underestimate the change in human awareness that such a transition will demand. Hence, the encyclical calls the faithful and invites humanity to live life on the basis on which life has been granted to us. It does so with the assurance that in this endeavor, a sense of the sacred will sustain us. Resonant with the Pontiff’s reassurance that divine light and wisdom will accompany us are the words of Thomas Berry which profoundly confirm the depth of the challenge and the difficulties of the task before us. + +“The deep psychic change needed to withdraw us from the fascination of the industrial world, and the deceptive gifts that it gives us, is too difficult for simply the avoidance of its difficulties or the attractions of its benefits. Eventually only our sense of the sacred will save us.”v + +i Francis: A Saint’s Way, James Cowan (Hodder & Stoughton, London, 2001) p. 100. ii The voice of science could not be more precise. Yet we are persuaded not to take heed. “If humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and to which life on Earth has adapted, paleoclimate evidence and on-going climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm (The measurement as of March 2011 was 392.4 ppm. And is currently 400 ppm) to at most 350 ppm.” Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim? James Hansen, Makiko Sato, Pushker Kharecha, et alia. Open + +Atmospheric Science Journal, vol. 2 (2008). + +iii Joseph Heath, The New York Times, Saturday, June 20, 2015, p. A19. iv Report on the structured expert dialogue on the 2013-2015 review—document FCCC/SB/2015/INF.1, p.18. v Kathleen Deignan, When the Trees Say Nothing: Writings on Nature (Sorin Books, Notre Dame, IN, 2003) pp.18- + +19. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/39e0e582e2aeb751d615308c4486e5d9422a37db_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/39e0e582e2aeb751d615308c4486e5d9422a37db_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb856c66c103c33179c70d7c1fd82cf10b95badf --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/39e0e582e2aeb751d615308c4486e5d9422a37db_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# CENTRE DE MATHÉMATIQUES + +PLATEAU DE PALAISEAU - 91128 PALAISEAU CEDEX + +Poste N* + +Téléphone : 941.82.00 - + +Télex : ECOLEX 691596 F + +| SEMINAIRE SUR | L A | GEOMETRIE | +| --- | --- | --- | +| DES ESPACES | D E | BANACH | + +1977-1978 + +PROCEDE DE CONVERGENCE MINIMALE DANS + +### LES ESPACES DE BANACH. UNE LOI DES GRANDS NOMBRES ET UN THEOREME ERGODIQUE + +## S. GUERRE diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/3b205cc352cb051ac50176638a9e0790cd4091df_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/3b205cc352cb051ac50176638a9e0790cd4091df_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09c651cfff0fd2bf5f920ec72616a5f0d51e80c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/3b205cc352cb051ac50176638a9e0790cd4091df_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Potential risk of HIV transmission in barbering practice among professional barbers in Ibadan, Nigeria + +### Oyedunni S. Arulogun and Moses O. Adesoro + +Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria + +#### Abstract + +Background: There is a growing concern that barbering procedures could create opportunities for HIV transmission. However, little is known about Nigerian barbers’ practices relating to the prevention of HIV. Objectives: This study assessed the precautionary measures for the prevention of HIV among commercial barbers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Data were collected using validated checklist to directly observe ninety barbering procedures in forty-five barber shops randomly selected from three communities that have been categorized as inner-core, transitory and peripheral. Results: Respondents were all males with mean age of 36(±10.2) years. Ninety-eight percent had at least primary school education and all of them learnt barbering through apprenticeship. The instruments used were razor blades (11.1%), manual clippers (8.9%) and electric clippers (80%). Clippers were sterilized in 10% and disinfected in 72.5%, while no decontamination was carried out in 17.5% of the sessions. Fifty two percent of the disinfections involved the use of kerosene, a disinfectant not recommended for HIV inactivation; 48.3% of the disinfectants were not in the original containers while 53.4% of the sessions involved the use of same brush for cleaning clipper and brushing hair. Hand-held flame and Ultra-violet light sterilizer were used in 50% of the sterilization process. Barbers in the high-class peripheral communities were more likely to practice appropriate equipment decontamination than those from lower-class inner-core communities. There was blade-to-skin contact in all and accidental cuts occurred in three of the sessions and none was properly managed. Conclusion: The risk of transmitting HIV is high in the barbershops in the study area. Health education strategies such as training, supportive supervision and peer education are needed to facilitate the adoption of effective precautionary measures against HIV infection among barbers. + +African Health Sciences 2009; 9(1):19-25 + +### Introduction + +HIV/AIDS still remains a major public health problem all over the world, particularly in Nigeria where it has caused incalculable human suffering, social and cultural disruption and huge economical loss. There were about 220,000 deaths from AIDS and 930,000 AIDS orphans living in Nigeria in 2005 alone.1. Nigeria is expected to spend \$260-\$390/person as budgetary allocation to HIV/AIDS control yearly2, definitely at the expense of other developmental projects. Though the country’s HIV prevalence rate has dropped from 5.8% in 2001 to 4.4% in the last sentinel survey carried out in 2005, some States and sites still have explosive prevalence rates. For example, Benue State and Iquitaoron in Akwa-Ibom state recorded 10% and 14.7% prevalence rates respectivel.3 Prevention is the only viable way to control HIV spread, as there is no cure for the infection presently. In Nigeria, efforts have focused mainly on prevention of HIV through sex, blood transfusion and + +mother-to-child transmission. This must have been informed by the fact that more than ninety percent of HIV/AIDS transmissions occur through the combination of these routes.4 However, HIV transmission through sharing of non-sterile sharp instruments such as those used for barbering, circumcision, facial scarification, incision, tattooing, ear perforation, bloodletting, injections and acupuncture have always been vaguely classified as ‘others’ and given less attention in the campaign against the spread of HIV. Barbers are cosmetic workers that undertake skin-piercing practices involving re-useable sharp instruments, which present risks for transmission of HIV and other blood-borne pathogens from one client to the other. Though barbers do not carry out procedures that deliberately penetrate the skin, the procedures can inadvertently damage the skin through abrasion or minor accidental cuts.5 A simple nick caused by clipper or razor blade is enough for infection to occur. 6 Due to the lipid envelope that protects HIV from dehydration, the virus can survive on the surfaces of barbering instruments for a period long enough for transmission to occur, particularly in commercial barber shops. 7 Specific HIV-risks of barbering procedures College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. + +#### Correspondence: + +Oyedunni S. Arulogun Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, + +Telephone: 234-8057906536. Fax: 234-2411768 relating to HIV transmission have been documented in Nigeria and other African and Asian countries. 7,8,9,10,11 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/3e59698077f4a2e70afc371359842898894baf06_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/3e59698077f4a2e70afc371359842898894baf06_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3380797301a6b22cc7b59614aeeab53bdce0ce10 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/3e59698077f4a2e70afc371359842898894baf06_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +Consolidation + +• 10-20% + +• Are seen on HRCT at initial evaluation in 90-100% + +• Bilateral consolidation with air bronchogram + +• Involve mainly the middle lung zones + +Fig. 6 + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/3f4659b0291c5acbd144111c14668eab984b5ae4_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/3f4659b0291c5acbd144111c14668eab984b5ae4_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f641cc07e1160d04f880268f834590d9088b711f --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/3f4659b0291c5acbd144111c14668eab984b5ae4_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +Page 10 + +SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1967 + +THE TECH + +IFC blood drive expects to collect 300 pints + +The Interfraternity Conference will hold its annual hemophilia blood drive November 15 and 16 this year. The drive has been in effect since 1962 when 211 pints were collected. The largest collection thus far was held in 1964, when 294 pints were pledged. + +The MIT blood drive is unique in that + +it is the only one in the nation designed specifically for hemophiliacs. Recent statistics show that there are now approximately 100,000 hemophiliacs in the country, each of who will require about 100 pints normally per year. At \$25 per pint this obviously comes out to a fantastic sum. + +Registration for the blood drive took place October 15-21 when 504 signatures were recorded, corresponding to 35% of the IFC. All houses participated and some had as many as 80% of the eligible members signing up. The IFC is now awaiting the return of permission slips and present forecasts expect the collec- + +tion to go over 300 and possible approach 400 pints of blood. + +Although the blood drive is sponsored by the IFC, it is open to anybody, even outside the MIT Community. If under 21, contact Reid Marsh '68 at x3784, so that parental permission may be obtained. + +“Want a company that +lets you follow through +on your own ideas? See +IBM Nov. 15th or 16th.” + +“I was determined not to take a job where I’d be compartmentalized. That’s one reason I chose IBM,” says George Leffler. (George, who has his B.S. in Engineering, is a Systems Engineering Manager in Marketing.) + +The job itself + +“You start by studying a customer’s business even before he orders equipment. Then it’s up to you to come up with a system that solves the customer’s problems. You stay with it until it’s installed and fully operational. You guide the customer every step of the way. So following through on your own ideas is part of your job.” + +5,000 more managers + +“Another thing I like about working here is the chance for advancement. For example, IBM has over 5,000 more managers today than they had four years ago. And they need more every day.” + +We'd like to tell you more about the IBM story. We'll be interviewing on campus for careers in Marketing, Computer Applications, Programming, Research and Development, Manufacturing, and Field Engineering. + +Sign up for an interview at your placement office, even if you're headed for graduate school or military service. And if you can't make a campus interview, send an outline of your interests and educational background to J. E. Bull, IBM Corporation, 425 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022. We're an equal opportunity employer. IBM + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/3f9326384e1b58fdacd27b7a7056dbf550c243ad_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/3f9326384e1b58fdacd27b7a7056dbf550c243ad_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1d9a578fa1d2c590c7c70522205c18a73b0fe05 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/3f9326384e1b58fdacd27b7a7056dbf550c243ad_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +Model change + +信号制御調光器 発売のお知らせ + +■ 2個用スイッチボックスに取り付けられる壁埋込タイプの小形調光器です。 + +■ 10パターンの調光特性をスイッチで選択可能、調光ボリュームで消灯 (0%)も可能。 + +発売日：2015年12月21日 + +12月発刊「LED照明カタログ MILIE Vol.5」 +656ページに掲載しています。 + +
タイプ形名希望小売価格（税別）定格電圧（V）消費電力（W）従来機種
3路スイッチDEP1015A¥34,000AC100～2545.0DFP1015B
両切スイッチDEP2015A¥34,000DFP2015B、DEP2015
+ +※従来機種は後継機種の発売をもって、生産中止とさせて頂きます。 + +●外観、仕様、価格は予告なく変更させていただくことがありますが、ご了承ください。 + +この商品に関するお問い合わせは... 三菱電機照明（株）営業本部 照明技術相談センター 受付時間 9時～17時（土・日・祝日は除く） +LED 照明器具 フリーダイヤル (0120)348-027 Tel.(0467)41-2736 Fax.(0467)46-8861 + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/451431d13066daad9f4ba592952451dd07f542d9_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/451431d13066daad9f4ba592952451dd07f542d9_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..24fbdd63a0492a6ad840d94d2c5fdff4336c1a3c --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/451431d13066daad9f4ba592952451dd07f542d9_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +Economia + +PLANOS DE PORMENOR SÃO +POUCOS E SEM EQUIDADE + +Fernanda Pedro + +piedadepedro@gmail.com + +Projecto PERCOM analisa equidade no ordenamento do território + +A Administração Pública exerce, através das políticas de solos, do ordenamento do território e do urbanismo, influência ao nível da oferta do mercado + +Beatriz Condessa, coordenadora do projecto PERCOM, revela que a adopção de modelos de perequação em Planos de Pormenor é uma prática pouco consolidada. + +Numa altura em que tanto se fala da nova Lei dos Solos, com a proposta apresentada no final de 2013 pelo Governo e aprovada no Parlamento, o SOL dá-lhe a conhecer + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/47fdbae48c015f00edee32f742d9f1b3e4a43a22_page_32_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/47fdbae48c015f00edee32f742d9f1b3e4a43a22_page_32_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9a94455e1b37db8c3c23b6bbe48e48cea3af8fb --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/47fdbae48c015f00edee32f742d9f1b3e4a43a22_page_32_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +![](figure) + +# Child Psychologist – Responsibilities/Duties + +- Study the mental and psychological development of children + +- Child counseling + +- Diagnosis and treatment of speech difficulty + +- Help a child overcome his/her limitations + +- Treat childhood learning disabilities + +- Research on child development issues + +- Counsel the whole family to help them adapt to the child with problem and help the child get well + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/4b6eb432bc6c5d780bd95418be74a5f98ad00feb_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/4b6eb432bc6c5d780bd95418be74a5f98ad00feb_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a23e4290004fc8f8b43bd5214e403135ed15c4dd --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/4b6eb432bc6c5d780bd95418be74a5f98ad00feb_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## JVE Journal of Vibroengineering Aims and Scope + +Original papers containing developments in vibroengineering of dynamical systems (macro-, micro-, nano- mechanical, mechatronic, biomechanics and etc. systems). The following subjects are principal topics: Vibration and wave processes; Vibration and wave technologies; Nonlinear vibrations; Vibroshock systems; Generation of vibrations and waves; Vibrostabilization; Transformation of motion by vibrations and waves; Dynamics of intelligent mechanical systems; Vibration control, identification, diagnostics and monitoring. + +## All published papers are peer reviewed. + +## General Requirements + +The authors must ensure that the paper presents an original unpublished work which is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The following structure of the manuscript is recommended: abstract, keywords, nomenclature, introduction, main text, results, conclusions and references. Manuscript should be single-spaced, one column 162×240 mm format, using Microsoft Word 2007 or higher. Margins: top 10 mm, bottom 10 mm, left 15 mm, right 10 mm, header 4 mm, footer 7 mm. Font: Times New Roman. Title of the article 16 pt Bold, authors name 10 pt Bold, title of the institution 9 pt Regular, equations and text 10 pt Regular, indexes 5 pt Regular, all symbols Italic, vectors Bold, numbers Regular. Paragraph first line indentation 5 mm. Equations are to be written with Microsoft Office 2007 or higher Equation Tool. Heading of the table starts with table number 9 pt Bold as “Table 1.”, then further text 9 pt Regular. Table itself 9 pt Regular. Figure caption starts with figure number 9 pt Bold as “Fig. 1.”, then further text 9 pt Regular. Figure itself must be a single or grouped graphical item. Tables and figures are placed after the paragraph in which they are first referenced. List of references: reference number and authors 9 pt Bold, further information 9 pt Regular: + +[1] Pain H. J. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2005. + +[2] Juška V., Svilainis L., Dumbrava V. Analysis of piezomotor driver for laser beam deflection. Journal of Vibroengineering, Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2009, p. 17-26. + +Every manuscript published in Journal of Vibroengineering must be followed by a list of biographies, with a passport type photographs, of all listed authors. The authors are responsible for the correctness of the English language. The authors are expected to cover partial costs of publication in JVE. JVE annual subscription fees: 300 EUR (individual); 600 EUR (institutional). + +## The journal material is referred: + +THOMSON REUTERS: Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science, SciSearch®); Journal Citation Reports / Science Edition. SCOPUS: ELSEVIER Bibliographic Database. COMPENDEX: ELSEVIER Bibliographic Database. EBSCO: Academic Search Complete; Computers & Applied Sciences Complete; Central & Eastern European Academic Source; Current Abstracts; Shock & Vibration Digest; TOC Premier. GALE Cengage Learning: Academic OneFile Custom Periodical. INSPEC: OCLC. The Database for Physics, Electronics and Computing. VINITI: All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information. GOOGLE SCHOLAR: http://scholar.google.com CROSSREF: http://www.crossref.org + +Internet: E-mail: Address: diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/4b91e05fb0fe865391f0f25c41a83c9c5fd37c08_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/4b91e05fb0fe865391f0f25c41a83c9c5fd37c08_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..787cb776425810964b6d4e0096e404c85ffdcd9c --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/4b91e05fb0fe865391f0f25c41a83c9c5fd37c08_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +流体力学教育における一つの試み －現象理解の重要性を求めて－ + +An Educational Method on Fluid Mechanics with Demonstration to Comprehend Fluid Flows + +正 石綿良三（神奈川工科大学） + +Ryozo ISHIWATA, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030, Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, 243-0292 + +Key Words: Fluid Mechanics, Engineering Education + +1. はじめに + +流体力学を教育する際の苦労は昔からあったが、年々学生の質的な変化からさまざまな点で問題が増えてきた。元来、流体は形がなく、捉えどころがないことから、流体力学を敬遠する学生も少なくなかった。さらに、仮想現実が氾濫する中で成長してきた最近の学生たちは実現象との関わりが希薄で、身近な自然現象への観察力や洞察力が充分とはいえない。このような時代であるからこそ実現象を理解することの重要性を伝えなければならない。実現象に正面から向かい合い、問題の本質を捉えることから真の学問や研究が生まれてくる。このような考えを背景に、ここ数年、デモ実験を取り入れて、実現象の理解を意識した授業を試みてきた (1) 。 + +2. 問題の背景 + +まず、学生を取り巻く環境や流体力学の根源的な困難さ等を整理しておく。 + +2-1 社会的背景 学生は小さいときからコンピュータゲーム等の仮想現実に触れて育ち、日常的な場面から自然現象に接する機会やものづくり、またそれらを通じた観察、洞察や創意工夫などの経験が少なくなっている。 + +また、学生は安易にインターネットから多くの情報を取得し、図書や論文などからの文献情報を敬遠しがちである。インターネットには間違った情報、不正確な情報も混在しているという落とし穴がある。また、基盤のしっかりした体系的な知識のつながりや論理的な思考の積み重ねなどが構築されにくいという欠点がある。 + +電子メール・携帯電話に象徴されるように、他人との直接のコミュニケーションが不足し、相手の表情や意図を読み取れない学生も増えてきた。何か問題が発生しても、その場で対処していけば何とかなってしまい、事前に計画を立てずに行動したり、これから起こり得る事態を予測できないなどの傾向も出ている。 + +2-2 流体力学の困難さ 第一に、流体の多くは目に見えず、何が起こっているのかが実感できにくく、つかみ所がなく、流体力学は理解しにくいと敬遠されることもある。 + +第二に、公式に代入して「正解」を出すことに慣れた学生は現象の陰に隠れている物理的意味などは気にも留めず、モデルと現象との乖離がある。 + +第三に、流体には多種多様な流動状態や種類があり、流体力学の守備範囲は広範多岐であり、学ぶべきことが多いと思われる。 + +第四に、微分方程式、偏微分、重積分などを含んだ微積分はもちろんのこと、ベクトル解析、複素関数論など、高い数学的能力が求められ、数学的な困難さがある。 + +2-3 教育環境の問題 多くの学生はより短時間で効率よく高得点を取ることを目的としている。点数を取ることではなく、現象の本質を捉え、さまざまな原理を体系として理解することが重要である。 + +表 1 流体力学の困難さを魅力へ転換 + +
流体力学の困難さ→流体力学の魅力
目に見えない→神秘性
自在な変化→意外性
気ままな挙動→知的好奇心を刺激
多様性→広範な応用
+ +3. 発想の転換 + +以上で述べた背景を踏まえると、打開策の一つは、問題の本質をしっかりと捉えることから教育していくことであると考えている。そのため、流体力学の授業ではデモ実験等を取り入れて、現象に接する機会を増やして興味を喚起させ、なぜかを考える習慣を身につけさせるように心がけている。 + +前項で流体力学の持つ困難さについて述べたが、これらのマイナス面は捉え方によっては流体力学の魅力とも考えられ、プラス面に転換できる（表1）。 + +4. デモ実験の例 + +授業内だけではなく、学生が家でもできるさまざまな実験を提案してきた (2) 。いくつかの例を当日実演する予定である。 + +おもな項目は、流体の粘度、空気の質量、浮力、加速度運動、翼の原理、ベルヌーイの定理、マグナス効果、運動量の法則、ウインドカー（風上に走る模型自動車）などである。 + +5. 誤解されている流体力学 + +流れにはあっと驚くような現象も多く、一般の予想に反するような動きをする場合もある。そのため、多くの一般向け科学書やテレビ番組で取り上げられることがあるが、その際の原理の説明が間違っていることが非常に多い (3) 。翼の原理の有名な間違いも現存するし、ベルヌーイの定理の誤用も多数ある。このような間違いが蔓延する原因を調べ、有効な対策を模索している。 + +6. まとめ + +学生を取り巻く社会環境、教育環境から、実現象との関わりが希薄になっている。そのため、実現象を観察、洞察する能力や機会に乏しい。デモ実験を導入することにより、授業への興味を喚起し、現象の理解を助け、一定の教育効果が見られた。実現象に正面から向かい合い、問題の本質を捉えるという姿勢を身につける教育を実践していきたい。 + +引用文献 + +(1) 石綿良三，現象理解を重視した流体力学教育の試み，流れ，26 (2007), 109-113. (2) 日本機械学会編，流れのふしぎ，講談社，(2004). (3) 石綿良三，図解雑学流体力学，ナツメ社，(2007). + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/4e4acb6f199c0dd76e128ced73fcfebe9b7e1102_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/4e4acb6f199c0dd76e128ced73fcfebe9b7e1102_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aed5eeee506b1d5ac93f9bd49727a720a5d4fecd --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/4e4acb6f199c0dd76e128ced73fcfebe9b7e1102_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +![](figure) + +# Caitlin Grzeskowiak + +### Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Hematology + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +### Bio + +#### PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION + +- Bachelor of Science, Clarkson University (2012) + +- Doctor of Philosophy, Baylor College Of Medicine (2018) + +### Publications + +#### PUBLICATIONS + +- Engineering and Functional Characterization of Fusion Genes Identifies Novel Oncogenic Drivers of Cancer. Cancer research Lu, H., Villafane, N., Dogruluk, T., Grzeskowiak, C. L., Kong, K., Tsang, Y. H., Zagorodna, O., Pantazi, A., Yang, L., Neill, N. J., Kim, Y. W., Creighton, C. J., Verhaak, et al + +2017 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/4f4c20ab94dda3045bedc9bbcd3f4f41d3ff237a_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/4f4c20ab94dda3045bedc9bbcd3f4f41d3ff237a_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2d76d692bc4fa45dbab9f7f0606999669773b24 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/4f4c20ab94dda3045bedc9bbcd3f4f41d3ff237a_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# Svensk författningssamling + +## Lag om ändring i inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229); + +utfärdad den 20 december 2016. + +Enligt riksdagens beslut[^1] föreskrivs att 11 kap. 32 § inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229)[^2] ska ha följande lydelse. + +## 11 kap. + +Särskilt pensionstillägg enligt 73 kap. socialförsäkringsbalken ska inte + +32 §[^3] tas upp. + +1. Denna lag träder i kraft den 1 januari 2017. + +2. Äldre bestämmelser gäller fortfarande i fråga om jämställdhetsbonus som har lämnats enligt den upphävda lagen (2008:313) om jämställdhetsbonus. + +På regeringens vägnar + +## MAGDALENA ANDERSSON + +Ingrid Björnsson (Finansdepartementet) + +[^1]: Prop. 2016/17:1, utg.omr. 12, bet. 2016/17:SfU3, rskr. 2016/17:121. + +[^2]: Lagen omtryckt 2008:803. + +[^3]: Senaste lydelse 2015:762. Ändringen innebär att andra stycket tas bort. + +![](figure) + +### SFS 2016:1296 + +Utkom från trycket den 28 december 2016 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/521ba5c50a6e6c843fbe265be5955dc55777e01a_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/521ba5c50a6e6c843fbe265be5955dc55777e01a_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db3d770d4d5c925594748f409d10f6108a7c2807 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/521ba5c50a6e6c843fbe265be5955dc55777e01a_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +![](figure) + +# A Study on Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment in the Next Decade + +### Ms. Vyshnavi A1, Mr. Sunil R. Hegde2, Priyamvada Choudhry3, Tanushka Agarwal4, Aishani G V5, Daksh M6, Ronak Kothari7 + +1,2Assistant Professor, Bachelor of Business Administration, Centre for Management Studies, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru. + +3,4,5,6,7Student, Bachelor of Business Administration, Centre for Management Studies, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru. + +#### ABSTRACT + +This paper investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the job market. It discusses how AI can both create new job opportunities and potentially displace traditional roles across various industries Furthermore, the paper addresses the evolving skill requirements in the workforce due to AI integration, emphasizing the importance of ongoing education and training. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for businesses and individuals to navigate these transformations effectively, ensuring equitable outcomes in the AI-driven economy. It will also talk about the ethics of using AI to replace jobs. Overall, this research hopes to help make sure AI helps the economy grow and doesn’t leave people behind. It’s important to understand these things to make fair policies and practices for the future. + +KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence (AI), Employment, labour, Jobs, Respondents. + +#### INTRODUCTION + +Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the labour market, raising concerns about its impact on employment. This research paper aims to analyse the effects of AI adoption on job creation and destruction, mechanisms driving employment changes, implications for income inequality and skills, and strategies for policymakers and businesses to respond. Additionally, we will investigate the role of education and training in preparing the workforce for the AI-driven future, the potential for AI to create new types of jobs, and the ethical considerations surrounding AI-driven automation. By addressing these questions, this research aims to provide insights into navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in the workforce, fostering sustainable economic growth while mitigating adverse effects on employment and society. Understanding these dynamics will be essential for shaping policies and practices that ensure a prosperous and equitable future for everyone. Furthermore, the paper in creating new types of employment opportunities and examines the ethical concerns associated with AI-driven automation. By conducting this analysis, the study aims to offer valuable insights to address obstacles and capitalize on prospects arising from AI integration in the labour market. Its goal is to foster sustainable economic development while promoting fairness and inclusivity for everyone. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/52282f90ab14eaf4cfe584177730184cd2c6f970_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/52282f90ab14eaf4cfe584177730184cd2c6f970_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e78302eba83cacd19d4a7d2d8847edf61ab5bf43 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/52282f90ab14eaf4cfe584177730184cd2c6f970_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +International students on an F-1 or J-1 Visa are responsible for enrolling as full-time student (minimum 9 credits for graduate students) for the spring and fall semesters according to the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization rules governing registration requirements. Under certain circumstances, a reduced workload may be allowed. To request approval for a course reduction, students should submit the F-1/ J-1 Request for Reduced Course Load Form (https:// internationalservices.gwu.edu/forms-handouts/). More information is available by calling the ISO at (202) 994-4477. + +#### Independent Study Course Requirements + +Independent study is designed to provide students with an opportunity to gain or enhance public health knowledge and to explore an area of interest related to public health research or the delivery and/or administration of health services. Instructions and forms required for registration (http://publichealth.gwu.edu/academics/forms/) are available Independent study projects may not be used as a substitute for an available required or elective course and may not cover substantially the same subject matter that is available in a required or elective course. + +#### Graduation + +While degrees are awarded at the end of each semester, formal commencement ceremonies occur only in May. Students are eligible to graduate only after they have completed all degree requirements and have no financial obligations to the University. Students may include degree designation (BS, MS, MPH, MHA, DrPh, or PhD) after their name only when they have completed all degree requirements. + +#### Other Regulations + +Other regulations applicable to graduate students of the University can be found under University Regulations. (http:// bulletin.gwu.edu/university-regulations/) + +# DEPARTMENTS + +### Departments + +- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/ public-health/biostatistics-bioinformatics/) + +- Environmental and Occupational Health (http:// bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/environmental-occupational-health/) + +- Epidemiology (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/ epidemiology/) + +- Exercise and Nutrition Sciences (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/ public-health/exercise-science/) + +- Global Health (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/global-health/) + +- Health Policy and Management (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/ public-health/health-policy-management/) + +- Prevention and Community Health (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/ public-health/prevention-community-health/) + +# UNDERGRADUATE + +### Bachelor's programs + +- Bachelor of Science with a major in exercise science (http:// bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/exercise-science/bs/) + +- Bachelor of Science with a major in exercise science, preathletic training/sports medicine concentration (http:// bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/exercise-science/bs/pre-athletic-training/) + +- Bachelor of Science with a major in exercise science, premedical professions concentration (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/ public-health/exercise-science/bs/pre-medical/) + +- Bachelor of Science with a major in exercise science, prephysical therapy concentration (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/ public-health/exercise-science/bs/pre-physical-therapy/) + +- Bachelor of Science with a major in nutrition science (http:// bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/bs-nutrition-science/) + +- Bachelor of Science with a major in nutrition science, premedical professions concentration (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/ public-health/bs-nutrition-science/pre-medical-professionals-concentration/) + +- Bachelor of Science with a major in public health (http:// bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/bs-public-health/) + +- Bachelor of Science with a major in public health, premedical professions concentration (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/ public-health/bs-public-health/pre-medical-professions-concentration/) + +### Combined program + +- Dual Bachelor of Science in nutrition science and Master of Public Health in public health nutrition (http:// bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/exercise-science/dual-bs-nutrition-science-mph-public-health-nutrition/) + +- Dual Bachelor of Science in public health and Master of Public Health + +### Minors + +- Minor in bioinformatics (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/publichealth/biostatistics-bioinformatics/minor-bioinformatics/) + +- Minor in exercise science (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/publichealth/exercise-science/minor/) + +- Minor in nutrition science + +- Minor in public health + +# MASTER'S + +### Master of Public Health + +- Master of Public Health in the field of biostatistics (http:// bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/biostatistics-bioinformatics/ mph-biostatistics/) (http://bulletin.gwu.edu/public-health/ biostatistics-bioinformatics/mph-biostatistics/) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/526f5d467f36aa2f5fa93a48e82d64f4f5f38de9_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/526f5d467f36aa2f5fa93a48e82d64f4f5f38de9_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f69ecc77ec4777d7bac0901838d61efa3e26328 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/526f5d467f36aa2f5fa93a48e82d64f4f5f38de9_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +These factors only reflect the most significant causes of road accidents at a given specific time and do not reflect the long-term trend. In order to make long-term policy decisions relating to the prevention of road accidents, it is crucial to analyse the most influential factors and root causes of the trends in road accidents. For ascertaining the possible underlying causes for the trends in road accidents in Sri Lanka, it is important to study the relative trends under different socio-economic conditions, such as growth of population, degree of motorisation, improvement of roads and degree of urbanisation. The analysis by Kumarage et al., (2002) on trends in the growth rate of road accidents since 1980 revealed that all types of accidents reported in each have increased at a greater rate than the increase of population, but have remained lower than the growth in the fleet of vehicles. Even though past research have focused on analysing the trend in comparison with the growth of accident-related variables, there is scant literature on Sri Lanka, and particularly on statistical and econometric analyses on trends in road traffic accidents and their long-term relationship. Hence, this study opted to focus on investigating the enduring factors that influence trends in road traffic accidents, using advanced statistical analysis. Since past researchers concluded that statistics on non-grievous accidents are unreliable due to the low rate of reporting to the police with insurance claims, whereas grievous accidents are almost always reported and are considered reliable for analysing road accidents, this study focused only on grievous road accidents in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effective and enduring factors that influence grievous road traffic accidents in Sri Lanka. The study firstly identified the main factors of trends in road accidents using the knowledge acquired through the literature survey and brainstorming. Secondly, the study analysed these enduring factors and ascertained their significance in determining future trends in grievous road accidents in Sri Lanka. Thirdly, the study enabled offering guidelines for the necessary interventions and precautions to be taken by the relevant authorities to minimise the tragic consequences of road accidents in Sri Lanka. + +# LITERATURE REVIEW + +Many researchers have investigated the trends of road accidents over the years, revealing the risk factors affecting the fluctuations of these dangerous events. Research conducted by Mouyid and Kunnawee (2008) to identify the factors in road accidents through in-depth accident analysis observed that in Thailand, road safety was directly influenced by the rising trend of motorisation driven by the improvement of socioeconomic status of the Thai people. Through investigation of cases, they outlined the major risk factors of road accidents, namely, inaccurate risk assessment and late evasive action, the absence of street-light facilities, inadequate lane marking and visibility, which influence the increase in the severity of crashes and the injuries. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/531928f38aab6e636433de70fcd17d1da2b7969e_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/531928f38aab6e636433de70fcd17d1da2b7969e_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0d18fc435e43484f13dfc5974902c32555e7159 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/531928f38aab6e636433de70fcd17d1da2b7969e_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +"By Torah, the governor of Heraclius shall not enter the city of Homs until we get defeated and fatigued, they then locked the gates, and so did the Christians and Jews of the cities that reconciled(43). A Jewish group, the Samaritan who inhabited Samaria (Nablus), a remnant of a Jewish sect lived for several centuries in Palestine on Mount Gerizim, the place the Lord chose for his servants as they claim (44), were treated well, as the commander, Abu Obeida agreed with them on tribute to secure their lives and he granted them their land since they worked for Muslims as pathfinders and spies(45).This attitude of the Jewish minorities that lived in cities mostly inhabited by Christians had a special meaning; they found the Islamic conquest such an outlet that they supported the conquest to escape from the persecution of the Christian majority, which was supported by and dependent upon the Byzantine power(46). + +(43)Al-Baladhuri, op. cit., p. 143. (44)SaiidFaraj Rashid, AlsamiryounWa Al Yahoud, Dar Almarreekh for Publishing, , AlarabyahAlso'odiyah, Riyadh,1987, p. 15, 18. (45)Al-Baladhuri, op. cit., p. 158. (46)A NabihAqil, op. cit., p. 173. + +## Conclusion + +After studying the position of the Arab tribes and the population who settled in the Levant on the Islamic conquest, the study found: + +1-The Arab tribes and other elements that stood by the fence were apprehensively waiting out of fear for who prevails. + +2-The Arab tribes that converted to Christianity were not truly Christian and some of whom were forced to fight along the Romans in the war. + +3-Jews welcomed Arab conquerors because of the poor relationship with the Roman Empire. + +4-Some cities of the Levant showed resistance to the Islamic conquest, and the most resistant were the northern and coastal ones. + +## Resources and References + +1-Abbas, Ihsan, Tareekh Bilad Esham, the University of Jordan Press, Amman - Jordan, 1990. + +2- Azdi, Mohammed Ibn Abdullah (died. 170- 175 AH / 786-791 AD), Fottouh El Sham, innot, Essam Mustafa Oqla, Yousef Ahmed BaniYassin, Hamada Foundation for University Studies, Irbid, Jordan 2005. + +3- Al-Baladhuri, Ahmed IbnYahya Al-Baladhuri (d. 279 AH / 892 AD) Fattouh El Boldan, innot: Mohammed Radwan, Dar AlkotobAlilmiah, Beirut, Lebanon, 1983. + +4- Hugh Kennedy ,the Prophet and the Age of Caliphates , Longman London and New York. + +5- Khammash, Nejdah, Al-sham Fe Sadr El Islam, Dar Tlass for Studies, Translation and Publishing, Damascus, 1st ed, 1987. + +6- Khreisat, Mohamed Abdel-Kader, Dawr El Arab Almutanasira Fe El Fotouhat, the Fourth International Conference of the history of the Levant, the second seminar, vol. II. + +7-NabihAqil, Mawqif Sokkan Bilad Elsham Min Alfath . Fourth International Conference on the history of the Levant, BiladEsham Fe Sadr El Islam, vol. III, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, 1987. + +8-Nöldeke, Theodore, Umera'aGhassan, translated by Constantine Zurayk, Beirut 1939 + +9-Qudamah Ibn Jaafar (329 AH / 940 AD), AlkharajWaSena'at El Ketabah, explained commented by: Mohammed Hussein al-Zubaidi, the Ministry of Culture and Information, Iraq, 1981. + +10-Saiid Faraj Rashid, AlsamiryounWa Al Yahoud, Dar Almarreekh for Publishing, , AlarabyahAlso'odiyah, Riyadh, 1987. + +11-Shukri Faisal, HarakatElfathElslami Fe El QarnElawal, Dar Al IlmLelmalayeen, Beirut, 1st ed, 1974. + +12-.Alttabari, Abu Jafar, Muhammad IbnJarir (died. 310 AH / 922 AD), TareekhAlrosolWalMolouk, chap10, innot: Abou El Fadl Ibrahim, Dar Alma'aref + +13-Yaqout Alhamwi, ShihabAlddinAlrumi (died. 626 AH / 1228 A, 2nd ed, 1995D), Mu'jamElboldan, Dar Saddir- Beirut diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/54f9a795aa07178e6e31ac2baad40479bfde3aca_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/54f9a795aa07178e6e31ac2baad40479bfde3aca_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d194b00fa8aeb844a3c08acb776ffea2413d8e21 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/54f9a795aa07178e6e31ac2baad40479bfde3aca_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 1. Antoni A: The tumor cells are irregularly arranged in cellular tissue fragment (Papanicolaou stain). + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 3. A fibrillary background substance contains cells with elongated nuclei with pointed ends (Diff-Quick stain). + +징적인 원섬유 기질은 14예에서 관찰되었다 (Fig. 3). 종양 세포는 세포질의 경계가 불명확하고, 핵은 대부분 끝이 뾰 족하고 구부러지는 방추형 또는 둥글거나 난원형이었으며, 종종 꼬이거나 쉼표 모양의 핵도 보였다 (Fig. 1, 3, 4). 유 사분열은 없었으나 7예에서 다소의 과염색성과 이형성을 보이는 핵이 있었다 (Fig. 4). 핵의 울타리 배열은 10예에서 있었고 분명한 Verocay 소체는 5예에서 있었다 (Fig. 5). 핵 내 봉합체가 3예에서 관찰되었는데 1예는 퇴행성 슈반 세포종이었고, 1예는 점액성 변화를 보였으며, 1예는 고전 형 슈반세포종이었다 (Fig. 6). 본 연구에 포함된 퇴행성 슈반세포종 2예를 고전형 슈 반세포종과 비교했을 때 원섬유 기질과 길고 구부러진 핵 + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 2. Antoni B: Loosely cohesive and poorly cellular clusters of spindle cells are embedded in the fibrillar matrix (Papanicolaou stain). + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 4. The tumor cells show cohesive cells with indistinct cell border and round to oval nuclei. Variation of nuclear size and shape are seen (Papanicolaou stain). + +은 동일하게 나타났으나 Verocay 소체는 보이지 않았다. 부적절 검체 7예 중 4예는 낭성 변화를 일으킨 종양에서 흡인되었고, 1예는 유리질 변화를 보이는 종양, 1예는 얼 기형 슈반세포종, 1예는 고전형 슈반세포종에서 흡인되었다. + +# 고 + +# 찰 + +세침흡인 세포검사에서 슈반세포종의 진단율은 \(38\sim\) 57%로 보고되었으며, 본 연구에서도 61%로 비슷하였다.3,4 이처럼 슈반세포종의 진단율이 높지 않은 이유는 세침흡인 세포검사에서 부적절 검체의 빈도가 높고, 양성 방추세포 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/55256cafad5b32aa05317f7a1e40d3f7fbcb5b4b_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/55256cafad5b32aa05317f7a1e40d3f7fbcb5b4b_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b8faf34bc6580ee6f73b26fcd01f859365fd661d --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/55256cafad5b32aa05317f7a1e40d3f7fbcb5b4b_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +Task 7. Combine the words in columns A and B. Write the phrase. + +| А | Б | +| --- | --- | +| 1. Дванадцятипала | А. Апетиту | +| 2. Здуття | Б. Живота | +| 3. Втрата | В. Залоза | +| 4. Підшлункова | Г. Кишка | + +Task 8. Read and remember. + +In the treatment of the most common diseases of the digestive system, the doctor consistently performs the following actions: + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +| Дія лікаря | Зображення | Мета | +| --- | --- | --- | +| 1. Пальпує живіт | | щоб виявити ділянку, де найбільше є больові відчуття | +| 2. Призначає аналізи: загальний аналіз крові, біохімічний аналіз крові, аналіз кро- ві на гепатити, аналіз сечі, копрологічне дослідження (дослідження калу) | | щоб знайти причину скарг пацієнта | +| 3. Призначає УЗД органів черевної порож- нини | | щоб перевірити стан органів травної системи | +| 4. Призначає комп’ютерну томографію (КТ) | | щоб отримати точну інформацію про можливі патології органів трав- лення | +| 5. Призначає езофагогастродуоденоско- пію (гастроскопію, ЕГДС) | | щоб дослідити стан стравоходу, шлунка і дванадцятипалої кишки | diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/5b419ca6365ed67292e9c4f5a46d733efce69b75_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/5b419ca6365ed67292e9c4f5a46d733efce69b75_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e065a441a55271f7d4afa426132a1059001710f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/5b419ca6365ed67292e9c4f5a46d733efce69b75_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +INVITATION + +GROUP H +BOOTHS 1, 12, 13, 24 + +GROUP F +BOOTH 10 + +See Plan on page 3 of this card indicating location + +A CENTURY OF PROGRESS + +CHICAGO +INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION, 1934 + +THE FOUNDER +OF THE WELLCOME RESEARCH +INSTITUTION, LONDON, ENGLAND +invites your inspection of the +HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC EXHIBITS + +THE WELLCOME + +FROM + +BUREAU OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH +ENTOMOLOGICAL FIELD LABORATORIES +PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES +CHEMICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES +HISTORICAL MEDICAL MUSEUM +MUSEUM OF MEDICAL SCIENCE + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/5b53fd3d742e4dd261de146bda1a7fed86d048a8_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/5b53fd3d742e4dd261de146bda1a7fed86d048a8_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..382d8b21dd66615d1ef86abfd5aacd7dcac1347c --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/5b53fd3d742e4dd261de146bda1a7fed86d048a8_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +Euclidian distances (EuD) of each OG tree with the ribosomal protein encoding tree resulted in three distributions of distances. To reach an alignment with high phylogenetic resolution, the sequences from OGs whose phylogenies were similar to the ribosomal phylogeny \((EuD\leq0.03)\) were concatenated to the ribosomal alignment to give a single reduced ‘core’ super-alignment. Finally, polymorphic regions of this super-alignment were extracted and re-analyzed with RAxML using a general time-reversible (GTR) nucleotide substitution model. Core OG diversity was determined by comparing the average of the pairwise distances between the isolates per year. The reduced core super-alignment was also analyzed using BAPS; Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure software46 to determine the sequence clusters. Two runs of 40 and 50 maximum clusters were performed, each creating 12 largely monophyletic sequence clusters and an extra ‘sink’ cluster that incorporated all unclassified isolates. Visualization of the tree was performed using iTOL47. + +# Analysis of the population structure. Core genomes and whole genomes of strains with a capsule + +switched serotype were separately aligned in Mauve48, along with their closest neighbors (Supplementary File 1). SNP coordinates were isolated and characterized in Artemis49. + +# Genomic diversity and dynamics. The genomic diversity was determined based on the strains’ + +accessory genomes. For each OG a binary measure of presence (1) or absence (0) of a representative protein from a given strain was generated. The contribution of each strain to an OG was therefore denoted by a single numeric value (1 or 0) to represent the presence or absence of a gene, or a group of paralogs in a certain strain. This information was collated into a gene presence/absence matrix (Supplementary File 2). Using the method described by Dutilh et al.50, the genomic variations among strains collected within each year were calculated. Core OGs (those constituted of a single gene from each of the analyzed isolates) were excluded from this analysis. The time frames applied to detect changes in the proportion of strains carrying a certain OG post PCV7 compared to before were 2001 to 2006; pre-vaccine, and 2008 to 2011; post-vaccine respectively. + +Statistical analysis. The difference in phylogenetic distance among strains collected between 2001 to 2006 and 2007 was tested by an unpaired t-test. Differences in pre- and post-vaccine gene frequencies were tested by Fisher Exact test. For all analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05. + +## References + +1. World Health Organization. Pneumococcal vaccines. Weekly epidemiological record 78, 110–119 (2003). + +2. Pavia, M., Bianco, A., Nobile, C. G., Marinelli, P. & Angelillo, I. F. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination in children younger than 24 months: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 123, e1103–10 (2009). + +3. Bonten, M. J. et al. Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. N Engl J Med 372, 1114–25 (2015). + +4. Dagan, R. et al. Reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae after administration of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to toddlers attending day care centers. J Infect Dis 185, 927–36 (2002). + +5. Spijkerman, J. et al. Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae 3 years after start of vaccination program, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 17, 584–91 (2011). + +6. Lexau, C. A. et al. Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among older adults in the era of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA 294, 2043–51 (2005). + +7. Miller, E., Andrews, N. J., Waight, P. A., Slack, M. P. & George, R. C. Herd immunity and serotype replacement 4 years after seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in England and Wales: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 11, 760–8 (2011). + +8. Weinberger, D. M., Malley, R. & Lipsitch, M. Serotype replacement in disease after pneumococcal vaccination. Lancet 378, 1962–73 (2011). + +9. Scott, J. R. et al. Impact of more than a decade of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use on carriage and invasive potential in Native American communities. J Infect Dis 205, 280–8 (2012). + +10. Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis (AMC/RIVM). Bacterial meningitis in the Netherlands; annual report 2013. (2014). + +11. Brueggemann, A. B. et al. Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential. J Infect Dis 187, 1424–32 (2003). + +12. Sandgren, A. et al. Effect of clonal and serotype-specific properties on the invasive capacity of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 189, 785–96 (2004). + +13. Watson, D. A. & Musher, D. M. Interruption of capsule production in Streptococcus pneumonia serotype 3 by insertion of transposon Tn916. Infect Immun 58, 3135–8 (1990). + +14. Hanage, W. P. et al. Invasiveness of serotypes and clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in Finland. Infect Immun 73, 431–5 (2005). + +15. Blomberg, C. et al. Pattern of accessory regions and invasive disease potential in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 199, 1032–42 (2009). + +16. Browall, S. et al. Intraclonal variations among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates influence the likelihood of invasive disease in children. J Infect Dis 209, 377–88 (2014). + +17. Cremers, A. J., Kokmeijer, I., Groh, L., de Jonge, M. I. & Ferwerda, G. The role of ZmpC in the clinical manifestation of invasive pneumococcal disease. Int J Med Microbiol (2014). + +18. Croucher, N. J. et al. Dominant role of nucleotide substitution in the diversification of serotype 3 pneumococci over decades and during a single infection. PLoS Genet 9, e1003868 (2013). + +19. Klugman, K. P., Bentley, S. D. & McGee, L. Determinants of invasiveness beneath the capsule of the pneumococcus. J Infect Dis 209, 321–2 (2014). + +20. Lipsitch, M. et al. Strain characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and invasive disease isolates during a cluster-randomized clinical trial of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 196, 1221–7 (2007). diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/5be349767dcbdc846508dfc2b18a93336485ba3c_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/5be349767dcbdc846508dfc2b18a93336485ba3c_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fd19a2b0a9d05d134d13a5c72688efaafadd062 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/5be349767dcbdc846508dfc2b18a93336485ba3c_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +## INSTITUTE OF AMERICAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE + +## Courses + +### IALC 0101. Community ESL: Basic. (0 Credits) + +This course is open to the community and introduces the English alphabet, basic sentence structure, vocabulary, and speaking skills in English. Special emphasis will be on understanding and producing short, simple texts and basic words and phrases. + +Attribute: ESL. + +## IALC 0102. Community ESL 2. (0 Credits) + +This course is open to the community and introduces daily English, simple sentence structure, vocabulary, and common speaking skills. Special emphasis will be on understanding and producing short, simple texts and basic words and phrases that students can use in daily life. + +Attribute: ESL. + +## IALC 0103. Community ESL 3. (0 Credits) + +This course is open to the community and covers English used in daily life and the workplace. Special emphasis will be on understanding and producing complex sentence structure, contextual vocabulary, and conversational skills. + +Attribute: ESL. + +## IALC 0104. Community ESL 4. (0 Credits) + +This course is open to the community and covers complex English used in daily life and the workplace. Special emphasis will be on understanding and producing lengthy texts, contextual vocabulary, and conversations that may be encountered in the workplace and in health care or educational settings. + +Attribute: ESL. + +## IALC 0105. Community-Based Leadership Seminar. (0 Credits) + +This bilingual seminar is open to the community and explores multiple contexts and practices of leadership in the community. Special emphasis will be on developing leadership skills among participants by reading texts, case studies, completing self-assessments, and discussing topics related to agency and the impact of personal leadership as an agent of change in the community. + +Attribute: ESL. + +## IALC 0106. Citizenship and Civic Engagement Seminar. (0 Credits) + +This course is open to participants in the community who plan to apply or have applied for naturalization. Special emphasis will be given to the topics that participants will discuss during the civics portion of their naturalization interview, such as American history, government and law, and geography of the United States. + +Attribute: ESL. + +## IALC 0107. Digital Literacy Seminar. (0 Credits) + +This seminar is open to members of the community who want to learn basic computer/device skills and terminology. Practical instruction will cover common hardware and software, email, creating and saving multiple file types, and accessing online services and information. + +Attribute: ESL. + +## IALC 1001. Grammar Workshop. (0 Credits) + +A free weekly grammar workshop for Fordham students. + +## IALC 1002. Pronunciation Workshop. (0 Credits) + +This workshop provides an intensive review of English pronunciation for learners at all levels. + +### IALC 1003. Conversation Workshop. (0 Credits) + +This workshop provides an opportunity to practice speaking and understanding conversational language in a small-group setting. Students will discuss various topics related to personal interests and current events in the target language. + +## IALC 1004. TOEFL Workshop. (0 Credits) + +Free workshop to improve TOEFL and IELTS scores. + +## IALC 1005. Service Learning Project. (0 Credits) + +For students at CEFR level A2 and above. This course encourages student engagement in the local community through volunteer opportunities arranged in partnership with the Center for Community Engaged Learning at Fordham. Special emphasis is on promoting greater awareness of issues in the United States concerning equity, class status, race, and nationality through service-learning experience, readings, films, and discussions. + +## IALC 1006. Academic Writing Seminar. (0 Credits) + +CEFR: A2-B2+ This seminar provides a review of academic writing conventions. The seminar will help students organize, clarify, and support their ideas. Special attention will be given to revision and editing, structure and organization, paraphrasing and summarizing academic texts, critique and argumentation strategies, as well as a review of references, citations, and steps to avoid plagiarism. + +## IALC 1130. Basic Reading and Writing. (0 Credits) + +CEFR: A1-A1+. This course introduces basic grammar, general vocabulary, and reading skills in English. Special emphasis will be on understanding and producing short, simple texts and basic words and phrases. + +## IALC 1135. Basic Reading and Writing B. (0 Credits) + +CEFR: A1-A1+. This shortened, 7-week course introduces basic grammar, general vocabulary, and reading skills in English. Special emphasis will be on understanding and writing short, simple texts and basic words and phrases. + +## IALC 1140. Intermediate Reading, Writing, and Grammar 1. (0 Credits) + +CEFR: A1-A2. This course is designed to strengthen students’ comprehensive grammar integrated with reading and writing skills. Special emphasis will be on understanding a short factual description or report within their own field, and writing a series of simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors. + +## IALC 1145. Intermediate Reading, Writing, and Grammar B. (0 Credits) + +CEFR: A1-A2. This shortened, 7-week course is designed to strengthen students’ comprehensive grammar integrated with reading and writing skills. Special emphasis will be on understanding a short factual description or report within their own field, and writing a series of simple phrases and sentences linked with simple connectors. + +## IALC 1150. Intermediate Reading, Writing, and Grammar 2. (0 Credits) + +For students at CEFR level A2 to B1. This course is designed to enhance students’ comprehensive grammar integrated with intensive and extensive reading and writing skills. Special emphasis will be placed on developing scanning skills to gather information from different parts of a text, and writing connected texts by linking a series of shorter discrete elements into a linear sequence. + +## IALC 1155. High Intermediate Reading,Writing, and Grammar B. (0 Credits) + +CEFR: B1-B2. This shortened, 7-week course is designed to enhance students’ comprehensive grammar integrated with intensive and extensive reading and writing skills. Special emphasis will be placed on developing scanning skills to gather information from different parts of a text, and writing connected texts by linking a series of shorter discrete elements into a linear sequence. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/5d5fda4b4605502351b87808760b66dc70bd40fa_page_16_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/5d5fda4b4605502351b87808760b66dc70bd40fa_page_16_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f793370db0f566c1cc5c6bfe8be0e5b2ca94791 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/5d5fda4b4605502351b87808760b66dc70bd40fa_page_16_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 3. A group view of the CCATT viewer, with the default 24-hour data display. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 4. The structure of unit view of CCATT viewer and its main areas for grouped information. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/62621cef2b1d5356a063aa7c9c735ac396fb2223_page_33_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/62621cef2b1d5356a063aa7c9c735ac396fb2223_page_33_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38ada5ecbe49c63e6da77fdd0800f492d8dcf013 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/62621cef2b1d5356a063aa7c9c735ac396fb2223_page_33_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +LAUVAUX, Philippe. “L’abstention en perspectives”. En L’ abstention électorale, apaisement ou épuisement?, coordinado por C. Boutin y F. Rouvillois, 57-64. París: François-Xavier de Guibert Ed., 2002. + +LE BOT, Yvon. El sueño zapatista. Barcelona: Anagrama, 1997. + +LONGUET, Patrick. “Peut-on réduire l’abstention aux élections européennes?” En L’abstention électorale, apaisement ou épuisement?, coordinado por C. Boutin y F. Rouvillois, 167-196. París: François-Xavier de Guibert Ed., 2002. + +LUTZ, Bruno. “El poder circunscrito: reflexión sobre los usos del tiempo en la vida parlamentaria mexicana”. Quórum 70 (enero-febrero, 2000): pp. 75-87. + +MERINO, Mauricio. La participación ciudadana en la democracia. México: Instituto Federal Electoral (Cuadernos de Divulgación de la Cultura Democrática, núm. 4), 1997. + +MORENO, Alejandro. El votante mexicano. Democracia, actitudes políticas y conducta electoral. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2003. + +NEWMAN VALENZUELA, José. “Registro nacional de electores”. En La renovación política y el sistema electoral mexicano, coordinado por Andrea Sánchez et al., 181-216. México: Ed. Porrúa, 1987. + +NOHLEN, Dieter. “La participación electoral como objeto de estudio”. Elecciones 3 (2004): 137-158, Lima, ONPE. + +PESCHARD, Jacqueline. “El fin del sistema de partido hegemónico”. Revista Mexicana de Sociología 2 ( abril-junio, 1993): 97-117. + +RAGSDALE, Lyn, y Jerrold Rusk. “Who Are Nonvoters? Profiles from the 1990 Senate Elections”. American Journal of Political Science 3 (agosto, 1993): 721-746. + +RESTREPO, Darío. “Eslabones y precipicios entre participación y democracia”. Revista Mexicana de Sociología 3 (julio-septiembre, 2001): 167-191. + +RODRÍGUEZ ARAUJO, Octavio. “Partidos políticos y elecciones en México, 1964 a 1985”. Revista Mexicana de Sociología 1 (enero-marzo, 1985): 41-104. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/62989d7ee556e5ef4919dd5b3f925535c5f9f108_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/62989d7ee556e5ef4919dd5b3f925535c5f9f108_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ec92b550db26b0088772b9ec8a928100f8efd20 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/62989d7ee556e5ef4919dd5b3f925535c5f9f108_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +ADUNANZA N. ___ LEGISLATURA N. ___ + +e) organizzazione e funzionamento dell'associazione secondo criteri di democraticità; + +f) fruizione dei servizi esclusivamente da parte degli associati. + +8.3 Le associazioni che intendano essere iscritte all'elenco presentano domanda alla Giunta regionale, indicando la sede legale dell'associazione e le generalità del legale rappresentante della stessa. + +8.4 Alla domanda deve essere allegata la seguente documentazione: + +a) autocertificazione indicante la cittadinanza e la residenza del rappresentante legale dell'associazione; + +b) dichiarazione sostitutiva, resa ai sensi dell'articolo 47 del D.P.R. 445/2000, attestante che il rappresentante legale dell'associazione non ha riportato condanne penali che comportino l'interdizione, anche temporanea, dell'esercizio della professione, salvo che non sia intervenuta la riabilitazione; + +c) copia autenticata dell'atto costitutivo e dello statuto; + +d) dichiarazione sostitutiva, resa ai sensi dell'articolo 47 del D.P.R. 445/2000, a firma del legale rappresentante dell'associazione, nella quale sia espressamente indicato il possesso dei requisiti di cui al punto 11.2; + +e) polizza assicurativa a copertura dei danni derivanti ai soci dalla partecipazione alle attività, nell'osservanza delle disposizioni previste in materia. + +8.5 Nel caso l'associazione nazionale operi tramite articolazioni territoriali ai sensi dell'articolo 67, comma 7, della legge la domanda deve anche contenere le generalità del legale rappresentante della struttura operante nella Regione, certificata nei modi indicati al punto 8.4 lettera a), nonché la dichiarazione sostitutiva di cui al punto 8.4, lettera b). + +8.6 Annualmente va inviata alla Regione la documentazione comprovante l'avvenuto pagamento del premio relativo alla polizza di cui al punto 8.4, lettera e). + +9. ORGANIZZAZIONE DI VIAGGI IN FORMA NON PROFESSIONALE + +9.1 I soggetti di cui all'articolo 68, comma 1, della legge che promuovono l'effettuazione di viaggi secondo le modalità specificate nel medesimo comma, devono inviare al Comune la documentazione comprovante l'avvenuta stipula della assicurazione prevista all'articolo 68, comma 2, prima dell'inizio del viaggio. + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/637241b0a269061431843ef4a26043b85453c185_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/637241b0a269061431843ef4a26043b85453c185_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea2721573ac75dc54076fd7168d54e0c30c68b45 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/637241b0a269061431843ef4a26043b85453c185_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## 10. 次年度以降の扱い + +契約は年度単位で締結しますので、複数年計画の研究開発課題の場合、次 年度以降、研究開発を継続して実施するためには、年度末毎に継続提案書を 提出して頂き、継続評価において適切であると判断された場合に、改めて契 約を締結して頂くことになります。なお、予算の削減等により当初予定の実 施期間より短くなることもありますので、ご留意下さい。 + +## (1) 継続提案書の提出 + +継続提案書は、実施年度の研究開発の進捗状況及び研究資金の使用状況 並びに次年度以降の研究計画等が分かる内容の書類から構成されます。提 出時期は契約を締結した年度の 2 月頃を予定しています。 + +## (2) 継続評価 + +継続提案書により、研究開発の進捗状況、研究資金の使用状況及び研究 開発実施計画等について有効性、効率性の観点を含め総合的に評価し、そ の評価結果において適切と判断された場合に限り、総務省は次年度の契約 を締結します。なお、次年度の契約金額は、必ずしも提案金額とは一致し ません。 + +また、全ての研究開発が終了した翌年度以降、終了評価・追跡調査・追跡 評価に協力をお願いします。詳細については、研究開発の終了時に調整しま す。 + +## 11. 応募の手続き + +応募方法の詳細は、別紙４「府省共通研究開発管理システム（e-Rad）によ る応募について」に記載してあります。また、提案に必要な書類等は、本公 募提案要領と同時に配布する「提案書作成要領」に記載してあります。 + +## (1) 応募に必要な準備作業 + +①府省共通研究開発管理システム（以下「e-Rad」という。）[^1]への登録 + +[^1]: 「e-Rad」は、各府省が所管する競争的資金制度を中心として、研究開発管理 に係る一連のプロセス（応募受付→審査→採択→採択課題管理→成果報告等） diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6585e7a62ba3bba4013828d0e01019f788a72669_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6585e7a62ba3bba4013828d0e01019f788a72669_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..875670bd9ef964c132a735380d5bb06fee7bea92 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6585e7a62ba3bba4013828d0e01019f788a72669_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +- Open participation or public commenting could add significant value – if scientists and scientific communities used it appropriately. + +- Other ways to improve peer review include + +o + +Leverage expertise – review would mirror the way we do science. Collaboration among reviewers to evaluate their area of expertise for each article. + +o + +Split gatekeeping vs technical into different layers: Technical side at the preprint level, suitability for the journal and ethical standards at the journal level. + +- ASAPBio is proposing a journal agnostic assigned peer review system. “Peer feedback” is the name for their proposed infrastructure where review of technical merit comes after submission to preprint server, but before submission to journals. Journals check suitability and ethics etc and function more as curators. See page 10 of full summary. + +- HHMI has proposed Article-specific Tags or Badges which would be easily generated and consumed (to replace JIF) post-publication tags or badges that were indicators of article-level scientific quality and impact, that changed over time. See page 11 of full summary. + +## NEXT STEPS: + +HHMI and CZI will partner to support experiments in transforming peer review. Experimental details and all data must be shared openly. All are welcome to apply. Stay tuned for additional details. + +# Platforms of which to be aware: + +F1000 – F1000Research is an Open Research publishing platform for life scientists, offering immediate publication of articles and other research outputs without editorial bias. Crossref - Crossref Makes research outputs (including funding) easy to find, cite, link, and assess. Publons - Publons is a website and free service for academics to track, verify and showcase their peer review and editorial contributions across the world's academic journals. hypothes-is - Hypothes.is uses annotation to enable sentence-level note taking or critique on top of news, blogs, scientific articles, books, terms of service, ballot initiatives, legislation and more. PubPeer is another post-publication commenting tool. It seems great for science but harsh for authors. + +## Speaker list and links to slides: + +## Opening session: + +Meeting Objectives (Ron Vale) – slides + +## Keynotes + +- Erin O’Shea (HHMI) – slides + +- Jeremy Berg (Science) – slides + +- Mike Lauer (NIH) – slides + +## Session 1: + +- Tony Ross-Hellauer (KnowCenter) – slides Open Peer Review – Researcher Attitudes and Next Steps + +- Rebecca Lawrence (F1000) – slides + +F1000: Our experiences with preprints followed by formal post-publication peer review + +- Theo Bloom (BMJ) – slides + +Open peer review at BMJ: What we know and what we don’t + +- Joyce Backus (NIH NLM) – slides + +MEDLINE and PMC – Role of journal peer review in journal evaluation. + +- Jennifer Lin (Crossref) – slides + +Peer Review Metadata: Provisioning it to systems across the research enterprise + +- Andrew Preston (Publons) – slides + +Publons: Recognizing review and the challenges we’ve faced along the way. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/65bcb3969d0566759e3c06271a89377a111d5ca2_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/65bcb3969d0566759e3c06271a89377a111d5ca2_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19bc87b31db589f5f4ae5d77e4ad0631f249ac2e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/65bcb3969d0566759e3c06271a89377a111d5ca2_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +One often overlooked factor required for reliable and available systems is that of power or energy. This factor could be overlooked in the past where most communicating devices were stationary and electrically plugged machines. However, it cannot be ignored in the current networking environment that becomes context- and location-aware, (Yan & Sere, 2004; Roman, Julien, & Payton, 2004), hence it involves mobile, unplugged devices functioning on batteries. These mobile devices have numerous user-friendly features (Michael, 2005) such as high resolution display, radio, camera, TV, GPS, etc. At the same time, a device should be as small as possible, leaving not much space for the battery in spite of the increased energy need of its various features. We can regard energy in relation to smart devices in a multitude of ways. One aspect is that of being provided by a battery, hence the engineering challenge of fitting a (rechargeable) battery supporting the functionality of the device and thus enabling mobility. Based on this aspect, users can question how long can a certain battery-enabled device be used and how flexible this usage is. For instance, if an individual travels to a remote location and there takes a very special trip, this person may need for the trip only the camera and the phone functionality of a smart device. The rest of the features - software and hardware - should be turned off to save the battery. The current smart devices are sometimes so complex that they do not offer such simple choices to the user. Instead, they may be running some antivirus software periodically, checking for updates, or loading and keeping a multimedia player ready to be used without a clear choice for the user on whether these features are needed or not. Yet another aspect concerning energy in relation to smart devices is that of deploying or developing products that consume no more than a certain amount of energy per time unit. Recharging a battery is another fundamental issue to consider as well. Aclear implication of these energy-related aspects is that we need to take energy into consideration when developing and deploying smart devices: they need to be energy-aware. + +We can view energy as a non-functional property of a system, and thus not needing to be addressed in the application developer’s requirements. Instead, energy could be taken care of by a network manager, at a more specialized level often referred to as the middleware level (Petre, 2008). Energy consumption would thus be handled together with other properties concerning the proper functioning of smart devices, such as system security or resource availability. However, if we need to specify constraints on a system’s overall energy consumption, we have to be able to model it early in the lifecycle, namely starting from the user requirements. This amounts to expressing both functional and non-functional properties at the same abstraction level, thus breaking some of the traditional encapsulation of the hardware and middleware specification. We claim that this is a necessary modeling choice for energy-awareness as well as beneficial for the efficiency of the developed systems and adhere to it in this paper. Energy becomes a feature of every single module, software or hardware, thus enabling a wide range of properties to be proved for the developed device. Another key dimension in computing today is that of sustainability. In a strict sense, this refers to using resources without depleting them, thus falling along the power consumption and efficiency lines of research. However, as our society becomes more computing-dependent, we have become proficient in developing most various types and forms of software-based systems. The time is therefore ripe for trying to develop software-based systems in a sustainable manner, at various levels: less human resources and less time involved in planning, developing, and testing; less redundant and useless software; no incorrect development of requirements into software. These objectives can be approached by investing in the devise of more sophisticated methods and tools that take care of avoiding the undesired side-effects of developing software. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/661e8e921def996b7775d17e3e2537092db1dbf3_page_65_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/661e8e921def996b7775d17e3e2537092db1dbf3_page_65_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2c4a7ecf9174d699ba53ff1be8e47b92e294a686 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/661e8e921def996b7775d17e3e2537092db1dbf3_page_65_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +Few studies of sorption isotherms of cement based materials with SCMs have been published and there is still a need for systematic studies in this field. Baroghel-Bouny et al. [13] investigated sorption isotherms and hysteretic behavior of high performance (HP) cement pastes and concretes made with OPC and 10% silica fume. They performed several scanning curves from different RHs and analyzed pore size distributions with the Barrett, Joyner, Halenda (BJH) model [20]. Their results showed that HP materials had lower moisture contents at high RHs compared to normal materials, and large RH changes at high RHs induced only slight changes in moisture content [13]. De Belie et al. [21] studied the microstructure and surface area change of cement pastes in which OPC had been replaced by SCMs in different mass fractions (10% silica fume, 50% fly ash, and 50 and 85% slag). They did static and dynamic (sorption balance) water vapor and nitrogen sorption isotherms on samples with water/binder ratios (w/b) 0.35–0.5 without any specific control on carbonation. They conclude that the result of the sorption isotherm measurement is dependent on the method used. Their results showed hysteresis over the whole range of RHs for all binders. The evaluation of moisture properties of cement based materials require at least the main absorption and desorption curves of the sorption isotherm [22]. These can be measured with different techniques. The most common method is the desiccator method (see for example references [5,10,21]). In this method relatively large samples are equilibrated for several weeks at different vapor pressures above saturated salt solutions, and are weighed on a balance until they have reached equilibrium. This method is time consuming and needs many parallel specimens that are exposed to different RHs. In addition, the structure of the material may change during the long measurement time due to hydration and carbonation. In the present study we used the sorption balance method, in which small samples (10–100 mg) are continuously weighed on an analytical balance while exposed to an RH program. The main advantages with this technique are that the whole isotherm can be measured on a single sample in a CO2-free environment. A measurement is comparatively quick as the external mass transfer resistance is low as the sample is exposed in a gas stream. However, each of our measurements still takes about three weeks. In this study, the influence of w/b-ratio (0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) and the presence of two SCMs (70% slag and 10% silica fume) on the microstructure and water vapor isotherms of paste and mortar samples were studied in a systematic way. Care was taken so that the samples were exposed to the same treatment before the measurements, and the sorption balance method was used to avoid carbonation. + +## 2. Materials + +Nine pastes and six mortars with different binders have been used in this study. The binders were ordinary Portland cement OPC (CEM I), OPC with 10% silica fume, and OPC with 70% slag (CEM III). The chemical compositions of the cements and the silica fume are given in Table 1. The CEM III was premixed and the silica fume was added to the OPC as slurry. Three water/binder-ratios (w/b), 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6, for paste samples and two w/b ratios, 0.4 and 0.5, for mortar samples were used. The mortar materials were mixed with water according to EN 196-1 and cast in a 40 × 10 × 10 cm3 steel mold. The mold was placed in a 20 °C climate room and cooled with fans during the first 24 h of hydration to limit the temperature increase. Temperature was measured with thermocouples on the surface of the steel mold and in the center of the samples during 24 h of hydration. The maximum temperature measured in the center was 24 °C (for samples with 10% silica fume). The samples were seal cured for 90 days at 20 °C and then crushed to pieces of approx. 5 mm. The crushed pieces were kept in sealed containers to avoid carbonation and in contact with wet cloth to become capillary saturated. The preparation of the paste materials followed EN 196-1. The pastes were cast in cylindrical plastic bottles with 70 mm diameter and 200 mm height. After mixing, the bottles were rotated for 12 h to + +Table 1 Chemical composition of the used materials. + +| Chemical analysis | CEM I 32.5R | CEM III/B 42.5 N | Silica fume | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | +| XRF (%) | | | | +| SiO2 | 20.3 | 29.2 | 98.7 | +| Al2O3 | 5.6 | 8.9 | 0.31 | +| Fe2O3 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 0.02 | +| CaO | 63.4 | 48 | 0.15 | +| MgO | 1.6 | 4.8 | 0.04 | +| SO3 | 2.9 | 2.6 | – | +| LOI | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.47 | +| Slag content | – | 69.9 | – | + +avoid segregation. All materials were then stored in the bottles at 20 °C. After 3–6 months of curing, the cylindrical samples were crushed to pieces of about 100 g, and these pieces were vacuum saturated. Saturated materials were stored in 100% RH in exsiccators until the measurements started. Both mortar and paste samples were crushed to 1–2 mm pieces before being placed in a sorption balance. The measurements were done more than one year after casting. As the mortar samples were so small (20 mg), their paste content was not the same as that of the large sample from which they were taken. To be able to compare sorption isotherm measurements on pastes and mortars, the cement content of the latter were calculated from the calcium contents of the small samples as measured by inductivity coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) after the sorption measurements. The samples for pressure plate testing were small slab shaped cement paste samples of approx. 20 × 15 × 3 mm3 that were cut from the paste cylinders. All pressure plate samples were vacuum saturated before the tests. + +## 3. Experimental techniques + +### 3.1. Water vapor sorption balance + +For the sorption balance measurements approx. 20 mg of water saturated samples were placed in a DVS Advantage (Surface Measurement Systems, UK) sorption balance. In these instruments the mass of the small sample is continuously measured with an analytical balance while exposed to an RH-program. The desired RH is reached by mixing different proportions of dry and water vapor saturated nitrogen gas streams. The relative humidity of the sorption balance was validated by measurements on saturated salt solutions and found to be within 1.5% of the set values. Most measurements were made with an RH-program consisting of desorption (95–90–80–...–40–30), absorption (30–40–...–80–90–95), and desorption (95–90–80–70–...50–40–30– 25–20–15–10–5–0). One measurement was made with one more absorption–desorption cycle. An example of a typical RH-program and the corresponding mass change is shown in Fig. 1. Each RH step was ended when the mass change rate was lower than 0.0001% of the initial mass per minute, or if a maximum time of 2000 min had been exceeded; except for final drying that was continued for up to 6000 min. A complete measurement for one sample – including one desorption curve, one absorption curve, and one final desorption curve to 0% RH – took approx. 20 days. The moisture content of the sample at equilibrium at each relative humidity was expressed as mass of water per mass of dry material. The mass for each step was curve fitted using an exponential function (Eq. (1)) and then extrapolated to infinite time to evaluate the final (equilibrium) mass mf [23]. + +\[\mathrm{m}(\mathrm{t})=\mathrm{m}_{0}+(\mathrm{m}_{\mathrm{f}}-\mathrm{m}_{0})\exp(-\mathrm{k}(\mathrm{t}-\mathrm{t}_{0})):\] (1) + +Here, m(t) is mass of the sample (g), t is time (s), and m0, mf, k and t0 are fitting parameters. Fig. 2A shows an example of measured data and diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/68adea4d76e152a7abebfb39dc0d851fe5695a84_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/68adea4d76e152a7abebfb39dc0d851fe5695a84_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7686a0dcab3c5dfb612c846899188936f75bce47 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/68adea4d76e152a7abebfb39dc0d851fe5695a84_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 1. The amplification of C. trachomatis by PCR. L: size marker of 100 bp, lanes 1 to 6: Positive samples for C. trachomatis; lane 7: positive control, lane 8: negative control. + +# Discussion + +Due to the silent nature of C. trachomatis infections, most infected women are asymptomatic and therefore remain unrecognized and untreated. There are some evidences that show screening and treating women infected with C. trachomatis can reduce PID and its complication (16). In our study, the prevalence of C. trachomatis among infertile women by PCR and IgM was 5% (5 case) and 6% (6 cases), respectively. Similar to our study, the prevalence of C. trachomatis among infertile women in some regions has been reported such as 52.8% in Brazil by PCR (17), 3.3% in Rwanda by serology (18), and 3.9% in Jordan by PCR (19). This heterogeneity could be due to the diversity in epidemiological condition, the study population, technique used (molecular or serology) or specificity of target primers in molecular methods. In our study, the incidence rate of C. trachomatis among fertile women using PCR and IgM was 1.6% (2 cases) and 1.6% (2 cases), respectively. Also, we did not find any seropositive IgG in both groups. The low titers or lack of IgG may be due to the absence of previous exposure with C. trachomatis. According to results of Malik and colleagues, it seems that IgG detection and past chlamydial infections have a strong role in women with secondary infertility rather than primary infertility (20). According to laparoscopy results, the past infections with C. trachomatis are associated with a significantly increased risk of tubal infertility in women and these results were confirmed by serology. Furthermore, the severity of tubal damage found in infertile women is directly related to serum antibody titer levels (17). In research of Malik and colleagues IgG antibodies were present in 55% of women with secondary infertility compare to 5.5% in health women (20). In our study since almost infertility cases (82%) was primary, the absence of IgG antibodies can be explained. Also, we showed that the most prevalent etiology of infertility was ovarian defect. However, C. trachomatis infection was recognized with more frequency in women with tubal defect using PCR and serology. Similar to our study, in study of Rashidi and colleagues, the ovarian defect was reported as the main cause of infertility (15). However, C. trachomatis infection was seen significantly in women with ovarian defect (p>0.05). Since in our study, the prevalence rate of C. trachomatis infection was lower than study of Rashidi, we can't find an association between C. trachomatis infection and infertility causes. So, the selection of a large statistical community for determining this association is essential. There are some challenges on the relation of C. trachomatis with infertility. Moreover, Malik, Sattari, Badami and Marashi indicated that C. trachomatis infection can be as an infertility risk factor. While, Al-Ramahi, Rashidi and Muvunyi didn’t find any significant difference between fertile and infertile women for C. trachomatis infection (13-15, 18-21). In our study, using different diagnostic methods, no significant difference was found between these fertile and infertile groups for C. trachomatis infection (p>0.05). This difference in the results can be explained due to technique used, the number of study population and type of infertility (primary or secondary). Moreover, similar to our study, in the research of Rashidi the dominant type of infertility was primary and no meaningful relation was found between fertile and infertile groups (15). As mentioned above, the past infections with C. trachomatis can be a potential factor for infertility especially secondary type that in our work, numbers of the women with this type of infertility was low (18 cases). In the other hand, the techniques used by Malik and colleagues, Sattari et al and Badami and diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6a3e03935289ebe49abbf0809717974f80c0f7ca_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6a3e03935289ebe49abbf0809717974f80c0f7ca_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec5a3cc83cc8d379951b7d2694ec050659a3b436 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6a3e03935289ebe49abbf0809717974f80c0f7ca_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +In the second block the stimuli were presented again once in a randomised order and participants were asked to give a categorical judgement by choosing which of the seven emotions they perceived using a 7 alternative forced choice task. We presented each display only once during each block because we wanted to avoid the possibility of participants having the time to learn that only five emotions out of seven were presented, and also to decrease the chance of participants having the time to acquire cognitive strategies with which to make their emotional judgements. The rating judgements were always asked for before the categorical judgements to avoid possible rating biases toward the chosen category. + +### 4.3. Experiment 2 + +#### 4.3.1. Participants + +Sixteen further participants (10 females and 6 males) of UK nationality with no or little musical experience and an average age of 23 were recruited to participate in this experiment. The study received IRB approval and all participants gave informed consent to participate. Participants received a monetary incentive for their participation. + +#### 4.3.2. Apparatus and stimuli + +The apparatus and stimuli were the same as for Experiment 1. + +#### 4.3.3. Procedure + +In Experiment 2 the new group of participants was asked to judge the perceived emotion from a list of five categories (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, and neutral). However, this time participants were requested to focus their attention on the visual information and disregard the auditory, or vice versa, and to be as fast as possible in giving their answer. This change of task was aimed to test whether the irrelevant information would affect the emotion communicated by the attended modality, and if so, whether this effect would change for the different stimuli (e.g. bimodal incongruent for instrument and emotion vs. bimodal incongruent only for emotion). In the visual block of the experiment participants saw stimuli displayed only visually, audiovisually congruently, and audio-visually incongruently. In the auditory block participants were presented with auditory, audiovisually congruent, and audio-visually incongruent stimuli. The order of the auditory and visual blocks was counterbalanced across participants. In each block 42 stimuli were presented, 6 unimodal, 6 bimodal congruent, 12 bimodal incongruent for emotion, and 18 bimodal incongruent for instrument and emotion. + +# Acknowledgements + +This work was supported by grants from the ESRC (RES-060-25-0010). We would also like to thank the two musicians Simon Pauley and Szymon Ostasz for their valuable contribution. + +# Appendix A. Supplementary data + +### REFERENCES + +Arrighi, R., Alais, D., Burr, D., 2006. Perceptual synchrony of audiovisual streams for natural and artificial motion sequences. J. Vis. 6, 260–268. + +Behrens, G.A., Green, S.B., 1993. The ability to identify emotional content of solo improvisations performed vocally and on three different instruments. Psychol. Music 21, 20–33. + +Bertelson, P., De Gelder, B., 2004. The psychology of crossmodal attention. In: Spence, C., Driver, J. (Eds.), Crossmodal Space and Crossmodal Attention. Oxford University Press Inc., pp. 141–177. + +Broughton, M., Stevens, C., 2009. Music, movement and marimba: an investigation of the role of movement and gesture in communicating musical expression to an audience. Psychol. Music 37, 137–153. + +Campanella, S., Belin, P., 2007. Integrating face and voice in person perception. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11, 535–543. + +Castellano, G., Mortillaro, M., Camurri, A., Volpe, G., Scherer, K., 2008. Automated analysis of body movement in emotionally expressive piano performances. Music Percept. 26, 103–119. + +Collignon, O., Girard, S., Gosselin, F., Roy, S., Saint-Amour, D., Lassonde, M., Lepore, F., 2008. Audio-visual integration of emotion expression. Brain Res. 1242, 126–135. + +Dahl, S., Friberg, A., 2007. Visual perception of expressiveness in musicians' body movements. Music Percept. 24, 433–454. + +Davidson, J.W., 1993. Visual perception of performance manner in the movements of solo musicians. Psychol. Music 21, 103–113. + +Davidson, J.W., 1994. Which areas of a pianist's body convey information about expressive intention to an audience? J. Hum. Mov. Stud. 26, 279–301. + +De Gelder, B., Vroomen, J., 2000. The perception of emotions by ear and by eye. Cogn. Emot. 14, 289–311. + +Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., 1975. Unmasking the Face. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall. + +Ernst, M.O., Banks, M.S., 2002. Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion. Nature 415, 429–433. + +Ernst, M.O., Bülthoff, H.H., 2004. Merging the senses into a robust percept. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 162–169. + +Hietanen, J.K., Leppänen, J.M., Illi, M., 2008. Evidence for the integration of audiovisual emotional information at the perceptual level of processing. Eur. J. Cogn. Psychol. 16, 769–790. + +Juslin, P.N., Laukka, P., 2003. Communication of emotions in vocal expression and music performance: different channels, same code? Psychol. Bull. 129, 770–814. + +Juslin, P., Sloboda, J.A., 2001. Music and Emotion: Theory and Research. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. + +Kreifelts, B., Ethofer, T., Grodd, W., Erb, M., Wildgruber, D., 2007. Audiovisual integration of emotional signals in voice and face: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage 37, 1445–1456. + +Landy, M.S., Maloney, L.T., Johnston, E.B., Young, M., 1995. Measurement and modeling of depth cue combination: in defense of weak fusion. Vis. Res. 35, 389–412. + +Laukka, P., Gabrielsson, A., 2000. Emotional expression in drumming performance. Psychol. Music 28, 181–189. + +Massaro, D.W., Egan, P.B., 1996. Perceiving affect from the voice and the face. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 3, 215–221. + +McGurk, H., MacDonald, J., 1976. Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature 264, 746–748. + +Petrini, K., Dahl, S., Rocchesso, D., Waadeland, C.H., Avanzini, F., Pollick, F., Puce, A., 2009a. Multisensory integration of drumming actions: musical expertise affects perceived audiovisual asynchrony. Exp. Brain Res. 198, 339–352. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6a3fb65b02a953e8acf22c43e8f23da9bb8fe9ee_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6a3fb65b02a953e8acf22c43e8f23da9bb8fe9ee_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67acb901e738b1861ca1085eb5a9a208f4b891c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6a3fb65b02a953e8acf22c43e8f23da9bb8fe9ee_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# Certificate in Gender and Sexuality Studies + +The Gender and Sexuality Studies certificate program allows students to examine how gender and sexuality as social constructs shape individual lives, groups, institutions, and social structures. Students will have the opportunity to examine individual development, couples, families, small groups, and organizations as well as the media, arts, and economic and political systems. The courses explore how gender and sexuality intersect with race, culture, ethnicity, and social class in the interest of social justice. + +Certificates may be earned by regularly matriculated or extended learning students and denote successful completion of a prescribed program of study designed to: + +1. impart specified professional/vocational/career competencies; or + +2. produce mastery of the content of a sub-field of an academic major (discipline); or + +3. provide exposure to the range of materials in a traditional or emerging interdisciplinary field. + +Certain certificate programs contain 6000-level courses as requirements and/or electives. These 6000-level courses may not be taken by undergraduate students. Candidates must receive two-thirds of their certificate-applicable credit from the university. The transferring of credit or the substitution of courses may occur only after application to the appropriate campus authority. + +# Certificate requirements (18 units) + +| | Six courses (18 units) selected from the following: | 18 | +| --- | --- | --- | +| GSS 1000 | Introduction to Women's Studies | 3 | +| GSS 1010 | Introduction to Masculinity Studies | 3 | +| GSS 1020 | Introduction to Transgender Studies | 3 | +| GSS 1030 | Introduction to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Studies | 3 | +| GSS 3901 | Special Topics in Gender and Sexuality | 3 | +| | Studies | | +| GSS 4200 | Feminist Theory | 3 | +| GSS 4250 | Women as Agents of Social Change | 3 | +| GSS 4500 | Queer Theory | 3 | +| GSS 5953 | Independent Study | 3 | +| Total Units | | 45 | diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6b9ddb2bcd72226a740cf1f09a6ace52ea4d0fa7_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6b9ddb2bcd72226a740cf1f09a6ace52ea4d0fa7_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d481a29b7f42b90cb8ff7e027f63949ee41af8af --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6b9ddb2bcd72226a740cf1f09a6ace52ea4d0fa7_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +Applies from V15 + +1301 Mandatory Introduction, 1,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass 1302 Mechanics - Exam, 6,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1303 Electricity and Magnetism - Exam, 6,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1304 Optics and Waves - Exam, 4,5 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1305 Quantum Physics and Theory of Relativity - Exam, 4,5 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1306 Mechanics and Energy Processes - Laboratory Exercises, 1,5 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1307 Electricity and Magnetism - Laboratory Exercises, 1,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1308 Optics and Waves - Laboratory Exercises, 1,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1309 Quantum Physics - Laboratory Exercises, 1,5 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1310 Energy Processes - Theory, 1,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass 1311 Seminars, 2,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1312 Popular writing, 0,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass + +Applies from H14 + +1301 Mandatory Introduction, 1,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass 1302 Mechanics - Exam, 6,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1303 Electricity and Magnetism - Exam, 6,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1304 Optics and Waves - Exam, 4,5 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1305 Quantum Physics and Theory of Relativity - Exam, 4,5 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1306 Mechanics and Energy Processes - Laboratory Exercises, 1,5 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1307 Electricity and Magnetism - Laboratory Exercises, 1,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1308 Optics and Waves - Laboratory Exercises, 1,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1309 Quantum Physics - Laboratory Exercises, 1,5 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction 1310 Energy Processes - Theory, 1,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass 1311 Seminars, 2,0 hp Grading scale: Fail, Pass, Pass with distinction diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6bb7fb765309966e758ee9ee06386a35eb77f891_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6bb7fb765309966e758ee9ee06386a35eb77f891_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edafd639116c8ce90f00157d0fe561335f0d93d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6bb7fb765309966e758ee9ee06386a35eb77f891_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +35 33 31 + +2 22 + +2 222 221 222 221 22 2 222 222 222 222 222 222 222 222 222 222 111 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
101změna trasy / diversion PRAŽSKÁ INTEGROVANÁ DOPRAVA (PID) - Městská doprava Praha ✓ Dopravce: Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy, akciová společnost,Sokolovská 42/217, Vysočany,190 00 Praha 9 Informace o provozu PID na tel.: 296 191 817; na internetu: www.dpp.czPlatnost: od 1.7.2021
jízdy orientační (min) doba Tarifní pásmo PPRACOVNÍ DEN ()SOBOTA ()NEDĚLE ()
JESENICKÁ44
Poliklinika Zahradní Město55
x Hlohová607 376
Centrum Zahradní Město x Topolová708 4011 4911 517
Záběhlická škola810 4020 50338
x U Lípy910 4020 5013 539
V Korytech1010 4020 503310
x Pod Vinicí x Záběhlice1110 4020 5013 5011
x Bohdalecká1210 4020 5020 5012
Bohdalec1310 4020 5020 5013
x Vršovický hřbitov1410 4020 5020 5014
Koh-i-noor1510 4020 5020 5015
•x Kavkazská 1 Slovinská1610 4020 5020 5016
3 TOLSTÉHO1710 4020 5020 5017
x - na znamení 18 10 39 20 50 20 50 18 - Všechny spoje zajišťuje nízkopodlažní vozidlo. 19 08 42 20 50 20 50 19 20 20 50 20 50 20 50 20 21 18 48 18 48 18 48 21 22 18 51 18 51 18 51 22 23 31 31 31 23 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 Platí Smluvní přepravní podmínky PID a Tarif PID. Jízda s předem zakoupeným jízdním dokladem. Území hl. m. Prahy se počítá jako 4 tarifní pásma. O svátcích jede jako v neděli (). Soft. CHAPS spol. s r.o. A1810 3920 5020 5018
1908 4220 5020 5019
2020 5020 5020 5020
2118 4818 4818 4821
2218 5118 5118 5122
2331313123
00
11
22
33
diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6c4fbd39f4d9a240edd464579b1e04d1ac687780_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6c4fbd39f4d9a240edd464579b1e04d1ac687780_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed6d080ebcb9335e572ed099449277be31475384 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6c4fbd39f4d9a240edd464579b1e04d1ac687780_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +===== + +# June 21, 2014 + +## 25TH ANNIVERSARY POLISH AND EASTERN EUROPEAN GENEALOGY ROADSHOW + +Polish Genealogical Society of Massachusetts Polish Center of Discovery & Learning • 33 South St. • Chicopee, MA 10 a.m. – 4 p.m. Come help PGS-MA celebrate our 25th Anniversary with a genealogy roadshow! For both beginners and experienced researchers, this will be a day of fun and learning featuring four speakers, one-on-one consultations, and great displays and help stations. \$15 members/\$20 nonmembers. + +# Topics & Speakers + +Uncover Your Roots in the Lemko Region of Southeast Poland – Mike Buryk Beginning Your Genealogy – Alan Doyle Horbal Naturalization & Related Records – Walter Hickey Poland - What’s That?? – Staś Radosz + +# Displays & Highlights + +- Translation Stations (Polish, Russian, and more) + +- Free Scanning Station + +- “Ask a Genealogist” Tables + +- On-line Search Guidance + +- Find Your Ancestral Village + +- One-on-One Session with Experts + +- Polish Lunch by Bernat’s + +- Genealogy Raffle + +- LDS and Ancestry.com Stations + +- Plenty of Chances to Meet & Mingle! + +This program is supported in part by a grant from the Chicopee Cultural Council, a local agency which is supported by the Massachusetts Cultural Council, a state agency. For more information, please visit or call Ed Dzielenski, Board Member, 413-567-3132. + +===== + +## Thursday, June 26, 2014 + +## A TALK FOR REFUGEE WEEK + +Polish Refugees in Post-War Surrey: A Story of a Displaced Wartime Community by Wies Rogalski diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6ddb7cec52f3e008f35a0d3c0c6f20a68a91b419_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6ddb7cec52f3e008f35a0d3c0c6f20a68a91b419_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5c5e318ac09173f06d414442aef8f6feb061690 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6ddb7cec52f3e008f35a0d3c0c6f20a68a91b419_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +loading at a watershed scale and to evaluate the nonlinear effects and policy options. It was observed that in addition to urbanized subwatersheds, subbasins with less than 10% impervious factor dominated the study area. This result corroborates other studies that used IBI and biological indicators [Horner et al., 1997]. This is important in developing conservation policies as higher rates of sediment loading were observed during smaller levels of impervious-ness. The sediment loading was also high in subwatersheds with higher impervious factor. There existed two distinct regions of high sediment loading rates -low impervious level and high impervious level. On a spatial scale, impervious factor in headwaters contributed to higher loading rates. + +[46] Transition zones (changes in curvature property) were observed on a continuous range of impervious coverage. The transition effects arise because of nonlinear influences at varying stages of urbanization. As impervious factor increased, higher variance in sediment loading was observed among various observations (divergence). + +[47] There existed lower sediment loading in some subwatersheds compared to those at the same level of impervious factor. These subwatersheds formed the lower envelop of the distribution and represent best approaches to handle sediment loading. This advantage in sediment efficiency is due to locational advantage, Best Management Practices, and proportion of open space. The role of nonlinearity in influence varied based on various levels of impervious cover. In general the role of nonlinearity played a major role in explaining sediment-impervious relationship. + +[48] Three types of policy instruments were evaluated. Impervious taxes could be a viable option to reduce impervious factor. If properly designed it could provide incentives of reducing external impacts through BMPs. While a linear model is easier to translate to tax rates, nonlinear models involved changing tax rates based on variable impacts at varying impervious levels. These elements need to be constantly updated to include changes in landscapes and practices and for transferability to other watersheds. Subsidies to reduce impervious cover or to incorporate BMPs can also be used to address water quality problems in urbanizing areas. Another incentive policy is cost sharing to encourage adoption of new BMPs or to voluntarily reduce impervious percentage. + +[49] The study results are useful in approaching the water quality problems relates to urbanization by using targeted policy measures. While this is a wide area of study, future extensions of the work could incorporate other pollutants and quantity issues. Other policy approaches could be studied through implicit modeling of economic behavior of a land manager. Given that storm water runoff, sediment dredging, suburbanization, and nonpoint source pollution are becoming major problems facing communities, policy and assessment approach like this study provides an alternative approach to mitigate urban influence on water quality. + +# References + +Arnold, J. G., and P. M. Allen, A comprehensive surface-groundwater flow model, J. Hydrol., 142, 47–69, 1992. + +Arnold, J. G., R. Srinivasan, R. S. Mutthiah, and J. R. Williams, Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment, part 1, Model development, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 34(1), 73–89, 1998. + +Barbour, M. T., Measuring the Health of aquatic ecosystems using biological assessment techniques: A national perspective, in Effects of Watershed Development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems, edited by + +L. A. Roesner, pp. 18–33, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., Reston, Va., 1997. Booth, D. B., and L. E. Reinelt, Consequences of urbanization on aquatic systems—Measured effects, degradation thresholds, and corrective strategies, paper presented at Watershed ’93: A National Conference on Watershed Management, U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Alexandria, Va., 1993. + +Braud, I., P. Fernandez, and F. Bouraoui, Study of the rainfall-runoff process in the Andes region using a continuous distributed model, J. Hydrol., 216(3/4), 155–171, 1999. + +Fields, S., Regulations and policies relating to the use of wetlands for nonpoint source pollution control, Created and Natural Wetlands for Controlling Nonpoint Source Pollution, pp. 151–158, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1993. + +Gardner, M. B., Effects of turbidity on feeding rates and selectivity of bluegills, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 110, 446–450, 1981. + +Horner, R., D. B. Booth, A. Azous, and C. May, Watershed determinants of ecosystem functioning, in Effects of Watershed Development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems, edited by L. A. Roesner, pp. 251–277, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., Reston, Va., 1997. + +Hunt, W. F., and N. White, Designing rain gardens (bio-retention areas), AG-588-3, N. C. Coop. Extension Serv., Raleigh, 2001. + +Karens, B. L., and J. R. Karr, A benthic index of biological integrity (B-IBI) for rivers of Tennessee Valley, Ecol. Appl., 4(4), 768–785, 1994. + +Karr, J. R., Assessment of biological integrity using fish communities, Fisheries, 6(6), 1981. + +Klein, R. D., Urbanization and stream quality impairment, Water Resour. Bull., 15, 948–963, 1979. + +Lemley, A. D., Modification of benthic insect communities in polluted streams: Combined effect of sedimentation and nutrient enrichment, Hydrobiologia, 87, 229–245, 1982. + +Lindsey, A., W. F. Sweitlik, and W. E. Hall, Effects of watershed development and management on aquatic ecosystems—EPA’s perspective, in Effects of Watershed Development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems, edited by L. A. Roesner, pp. 4–16, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., Reston, Va., 1997. + +MacRae, C. R., Experience for, morphological research on Canadian Streams: Is control of the two-year frequency run-off event the best basis for stream channel protection?, in Effects of Watershed Development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems, edited by L. A. Roesner, pp. 144– 161, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., 1997. + +Maxted, J., and E. Shaver, The use of retention basins to mitigate storm-water impacts on aquatic life, in Effects of Watershed development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems, edited by L. A. Roesner, pp. 494– 512, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., Reston, Va., 1997. + +May, W. M., R. R. Horner, J. R. Karr, B. W. Mar, and E. B. Welch, Effects of urbanization on small streams in the Puget Sound ecoregion, Watershed Prot. Tech., 2(4), 483–494, 1997. + +McCarron, E., E. H. Livingston, and R. Frydenborg, Using bioassessments to evaluate cumulative effects, in Effects of Watershed development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems, edited by L. A. Roesner, pp. 34– 56, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., Reston, Va., 1997. + +Pope, L., and J. Putnam, Effects of Urbanization on water quality in the Kansa River, Shunganuga Creek River and Soldier Creek, Topeka, Kansas, Oct. 1993 through Sept. 1995, U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Resour. Invest. Rep., 97-4045, 1997. + +Schueler, T. R., Controlling urban runoff: A practical manual for planning and designing urban best management practices, Metrop. Wash. Counc. of Gov., Washington, D. C., 1987. + +Schueler, T. R., The importance of imperviousness, Watershed Prot. Tech., 1(3), 100–111, 1994. + +Schueler, T. R., Impact of suspended and deposited sediment, in The Practice of Watershed Protection, edited by T. R. Schueler and K. Holland, Cent. for Watershed Prot., Ellicott City, Md., 2000. + +Schueler, T. R., and R. Claytor, Impervious cover as an indicator and a watershed management tool, in Effects of Watershed Development and Management on Aquatic Ecosystems, edited by L. A. Roesner, pp. 513– 531, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., Reston, Va., 1997. + +Schueler, T. R., P. A. Kumble, and M. A. Heraty, A current assessment of urban best management practices: Techniques for reducing non-point source pollution in the coastal zone, Rep. 92705, Metrop. Wash. Counc. of Gov., Washington, D. C., 1992. + +Sloto, R. A., Effects of urbanization on stormwater runoff volume and peak discharge of Valley Creek, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Resour. Invest. Rep., 87-4196, 1988. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6e6caf4cc9a3e734de43f29aabbb9ff0bf6f5487_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6e6caf4cc9a3e734de43f29aabbb9ff0bf6f5487_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2ee90100b4f3228b9c55d4ccee488ce4f988f6cd --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6e6caf4cc9a3e734de43f29aabbb9ff0bf6f5487_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# Programs of Graduate Study in the Basic Biological Sciences + +The Division of the Biological Sciences offers a variety of graduate programs leading to the Ph.D. degree. Graduate programs are offered under the aegis of divisional departments as well as interdepartmental committees composed of faculty members with a common interest in a broad but definable area of advanced study. Some programs are organized into larger groups called clusters, a structure that provides cohesion across programs through shared retreats, common curriculum, and shared administrative duties. A few programs offer unique training opportunities and are not organized into a cluster. Joint programs also may be devised in other divisions of the university, such as with chemistry in the Division of the Physical Sciences and psychology in the Division of the Social Sciences. The fundamentals of graduate education in the division are not altered by these provisions. Students complete their degree in individual graduate programs. The University’s hallmark emphasis on interdisciplinary research and collaboration, coupled with access to the latest technology and to three major affiliated laboratories, offers the opportunity to enrich human life in Chicago and around the globe through basic, translational, and clinical research. The goal of the programs is the creation and dissemination of fundamental knowledge of life processes and the education and training of outstanding young scholars in these disciplines. To this end, the Division of the Biological Sciences has assembled a dedicated and talented faculty, strong in research and teaching, and has developed laboratory and other facilities of the first rank that allow the faculty and graduate students to pursue their goals at the highest level of excellence. The programs of study leading to the Ph.D. degree are organized by cluster below. Biomedical Sciences: Cancer, Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition + +- The Committee on Cancer Biology + +- The Committee on Immunology + +- The Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition + +- The Committee on Microbiology + +Darwinian Sciences: Ecological, Integrative, and Evolutionary Biology + +- The Department of Ecology and Evolution + +- The Committee on Evolutionary Biology + +- Graduate Program in Integrative Biology + +Molecular Biosciences: Biochemistry, Genetics, and Cell and Developmental Biology + +- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics + +- The Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology + +- The Department of Human Genetics + +- The Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology + +- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology + +Neuroscience: Computational Neuroscience, Neurobiology and Integrative Neuroscience + +- The Committee on Computational Neuroscience + +- Program in Integrative Neuroscience (Psychology) + +- The Committee on Neurobiology + +These degree granting units have not entered into a cluster arrangement and provide separate admission. They are: + +- The Department of Public Health Sciences (M.S. and Ph.D.) + +- The Committee on Medical Physics + +- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences (Joint with the Division of Physical Sciences) + +## Admission Procedures + +The following requirements and procedures apply to those students wishing to follow a course of study leading to the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the division. Students may apply to a single cluster and as many as four individual units, indicating their choices in order of preference. According to their own schedules, the units applied to will communicate directly with the student as needed. Final decision letters are issued by the BSD Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs (OGPA). diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6ed2688361c2297e9fe007bebdc1f04912287f72_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6ed2688361c2297e9fe007bebdc1f04912287f72_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79b3f2a85dde15e1b71604635e33f5cedff9fdb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6ed2688361c2297e9fe007bebdc1f04912287f72_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +the critical clearing time, is three phase faults. In Various contingencies are simulated on the TNEB as given below. The contingencies include large transient event like three phase fault and contingencies like single line to ground fault are considered. The system has been modeled with existing AVR, governor and PSS and studies are carried out. Rotor angle, voltage and frequency oscillations are considered as key criteria (parameters) to compare the results. Then this system with various AVR, Governor and PSS model and parameters are considered to evaluate their behavior. Best suitable model and parameters of AVR, Governor and PSS is identified based on the above said criteria. + +### 4.1 Three phase fault + +Though there are rare, very severe faults in power system, the fault, which in general used to find out general rotor angle stability is taken as index, but the concept of transient stability, which is the function of operating condition and disturbances, deals with the ability of the system to remain intact after being subjected to abnormal deviations. Three phase to ground fault at very important 400 kV substations (Sriperumpudur and Salem located in Tamilnadu, India) in Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) system are simulated. Rotor angle oscillations of generators and frequency are verified. The graph shows the rotor angle oscillation of various generators for a fault at 400 kV sriperumpudur substation for the duration of 100 ms. with existing system parameters and proposed parameters. Results show that the proposed parameters reduce the rotor angle oscillation to great extent as shown in Figs. 3 - 8. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 3. Rotor angle Variations of TNEB systems with existing controllers during 3 phase fault. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 4. Rotor angle Variations of TNEB systems with proposed controllers during 3 phase fault. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 5. Voltage at 400 kV bus in TNEB systems with existing controllers during 3 phase fault. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Figure 6. Voltage at 400 kV bus in TNEB systems with proposed controllers during 3 phase fault. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6ed2822b125b337a12453cc0390dd0f7a40becf3_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6ed2822b125b337a12453cc0390dd0f7a40becf3_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd04f9ab99d053e52d9bf89af3fccf83afa9f3a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6ed2822b125b337a12453cc0390dd0f7a40becf3_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +![](figure) + +# MLAR 7245 Medieval New Orleans (3 Credit Hours) + +By way of numerous Power Point tours of on and off campus sites and materials, as well as our reading of a popular American novel, Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, this course will consider the influence of medieval culture and ideas on New Orleans and, to some extent, Southern culture in general, especially during the post-Civil War period and Reconstruction. For instance, we will discuss medieval architectural styles preserved in Tulane and other local buildings (Richardsonian Romanesque and Gothic Revival), experience medieval music by New Orleans' Musica da Camera (a special guest performance), and explore real medieval manuscript materials from the Tulane Rare Books Room in Jones Hall. We will also talk about medieval influences on such pre-Lenten festivals as Mardi Gras and on such regional foods as gumbo and turducken. Class will conclude with our viewing of a musical film version of Connecticut Yankee, which suggests how Hollywood adapted medieval experience to bring it in line with certain nineteenth-century attitudes toward the Middle Ages. Three written assignments: a midterm (essay format), short critical paper (5 typed pp.), and a final examination (on course terminology). Required Text: Mark Twain, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur?s Court, ed. byMLAR Justin Kaplan (New York: Penguin, 1972). + +# MLAR 7247 Shakespeare (3 Credit Hours) + +What makes Shakespeare a great writer and why are some of his plays and poems judged to be greater than others in terms of their literary merits? We will take up this twofold question by way of a discussion of some of Shakespeare’s “greatest hits,” examples derived from each of his major literary genres. + +# MLAR 7250 Verbal and Visual Rhetoric (3 Credit Hours) + +This course will focus on theories and practices of verbal discourse in comparison with visual imagery and technology. While concentrating on rhetorics of western cultures, some comparison will be made with rhetorical discourse and imagery in other cultures. The course will examine topics such as the interfaces of religion and politics, mass media and persuasive campaign, or the role of values in institutional leadership and issue campaigns. + +# MLAR 7280 Philosophy of Religion (3 Credit Hours) + +This course examines various attempts to understand the nature and importance of religious experience and religious beliefs from a naturalistic perspective. We will discuss the ontological, epistemic, and axiological significance of claims about the nature of religious experience and religious beliefs in an attempt to situate these phenomena in a broader naturalistic understanding of the self and the world. After a consideration of the varieties of religious experience as exemplified in the work of William James, we will review arguments by Pascal Boyer and Daniel Dennett to the effect that the origin, development, and diversity of religious belief and religious experience are all phenomena that are scientifically explainable within the naturalistic frameworks of evolutionary biology and cognitive psychology. + +# MLAR 7400 Gender, Culture and Families (3 Credit Hours) + +Research suggests that gender and family are inseparable concepts. Family carries particular gender role expectations at both the “ideal” and the “practice” level. However, we rarely think about what family is or how gender plays into family—we simply take gendered family roles for granted. Yet where do our ideas about family and gender come from? This class will explore our perceptions of the gender-family nexus, and the changes that have occurred over the last half century or so, from the perspective of popular culture. + +# MLAR 7451 Religions of the World (3 Credit Hours) + +This course will examine the teachings of several major religious traditions—including Hinduism and Buddhism as well as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—through selected readings from their sacred scriptures. + +# MLAR 7500 Independent Study (3 Credit Hours) + +For specific topics, see Schedule of Classes. + +# MLAR 7550 Holocaust in Film & Literature (3 Credit Hours) + +This course will consider the Holocaust, the attempted genocide of European Jewry by the Nazis during World War II, and the diverse ways that the events related to it are portrayed and understood by diverse audiences. The course is divided into thematic sections that highlight the different issues motivating the authors and creators of relevant texts and films. + +# MLAR 7940 MLA Transfer Credit (3 Credit Hours) + +MLA Transfer Credit. + +# MLAR 7950 Capstone Portfolio (3 Credit Hours) + +The Capstone Portfolio will enable students to integrate the knowledge gained from three courses in the MLA program, while participating in a reflective writing seminar. Building on a portfolio of three previously completed papers/projects, the seminar will culminate in a paper or a creative project (e .g., artwork, website, podcast, etc.) accompanied by a shorter academic narrative. Students will explore topics such as metaphor in narrative writing ; reflective and reflexive inquiry; and credibility and knowledge in reflective writing practice. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/6ee4fe2498ab4a3c1a7c31b6acd4338a5cefb5da_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/6ee4fe2498ab4a3c1a7c31b6acd4338a5cefb5da_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3de6023fbb7c3e05e1056ca29eb377e45cfef3c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/6ee4fe2498ab4a3c1a7c31b6acd4338a5cefb5da_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +Table 1: Students' response to major factors affecting they're practicing fluency in English speaking at home. + +| No. | Questions | Variables | Number of responses | Proportion | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | +| 1 | What are the major problems affecting your English speaking practice at home? | Lack of partner | 11 | 36.66 % | +| | | Lack of time | 8 | 26.66 % | +| | | Lack of excellent study environment | 11 | 36.66 % | +| Total | | | 30 | 100% | + +It is firmly noticeable that having a lack of a partner to practice speaking and having a lack of an excellent study environment were the main problems which students encountered when they studied at home, followed by 11 (36.66%) and 11 (36.66%). Besides that, the figure for having a lack of time for practicing speaking at home was just approximately 27%. This represented having a lack of partners & excellent study environment were key factors affecting the ability of oral fluency in English speaking of AV113 students. + +Table 2: Students respond to how often they practice speaking skills by following methods such as reading books, watching movies, and writing paragraphs. + +| No. | Questions | Variables | Number of responses | Proportion | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | +| 1 | How often do you practice speaking skills by following methods such as reading books, watching movies, and writing paragraphs? | Always | 12 | 40 % | +| | | Sometimes | 8 | 26.66 % | +| | | Never | 10 | 33.33 % | +| Total | | | 30 | 100% | + +As the information depicted in the above table, 12 (40%) and 10 (33.33%) students always answered and never, respectively. Plus, eight students who spent lack of time for those activities was just around 26.66%. Indeed, these figures led to the imbalance between helpful activities for English speaking practice, and it also wreaked havoc on the student's oral fluency improvement. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/70b11ae28cefcbcdb69d51840f5f6c127821a0aa_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/70b11ae28cefcbcdb69d51840f5f6c127821a0aa_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4ededee0915cd268eec47e6b6280e9c33a06bde --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/70b11ae28cefcbcdb69d51840f5f6c127821a0aa_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +جدول 1. طول مراحل مختلف سنی و رشدی سنک قوزه پنبه و سنک شکارگر نایبس (میانگین ± خطای معیار) + +
N. capsiformisC. pallidusطول دوره‌های رشدی و سنی
۷/۲29±0/050a5/985±0/038bدوره جنینی تخم
2/936±0/062a2/561±0/060bپوره سن 1
2/633±0/053b2/898±0/052aپوره سن 2
3/143±0/064a2/133±0/051bپوره سن 3
2/905±0/084a2/058±0/025bپوره سن 4
3/410±0/160a2/284±0/055bپوره سن 5
14/05±0/37a10/828±0/11bکل دوره پورگی
21/35±0/36a16/862±0/11bکل مرحله رشدی (تخم تا حشره کامل)
12/23±0/97a6/57±0/33bدوره قبل از تخم‌ریزی
18/40±2/40a9/90±1/20bدوره تخم‌ریزی
2/55±0/35a1/20±0/19bدوره پس از تخم‌ریزی
27/60±2/50a14/45±1/30bطول عمر حشرات ماده
44/90±2/60a28/76±1/10bطول دوره زندگی
+ +*: حروف غیرمشابه در هر رديف نشانگر وجود اختلاف معنی دار در سطح 1% است. + +جدول 2. درصد زنده‌مانی مراحل مختلف رشدی سنک قوزه پنبه و سنک شکارگر نایبس + +
N. capsiformisC. pallidusمرحله رشدی
77/78a*70/71bتبدیل جمعیت اولیه (تخم) به پوره سن 1
52/59a52/50aتبدیل جمعیت اولیه به پوره سن 2
44/44a45/36aتبدیل جمعیت اولیه به پوره سن 3
34/07a37/50aتبدیل جمعیت اولیه به پوره سن 4
31/11a30/71aتبدیل جمعیت اولیه به پوره سن 5
29/63a23/93aتبدیل جمعیت اولیه به حشره کامل
77/78a*70/71bتبدیل تخم به پوره سن 1
67/62a74/24aتبدیل پوره سن 1 به سن 2
84/51a86/39aتبدیل پوره سن 2 به سن 3
76/67a82/68aتبدیل پوره سن 3 به سن 4
91/30a*81/90bتبدیل پوره سن 4 به سن 5
95/24a**77/91bتبدیل پوره سن 5 به حشره کامل
+ +*: حروف غیرمشابه در هر رديف نشانگر وجود اختلاف معنی دار است (*) در سطح 5% و ** در سطح 1%. + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/70f622a0028d161fa39aa351f0e67b70b655db75_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/70f622a0028d161fa39aa351f0e67b70b655db75_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2e7ab9baa88f116081636bea6fbbaf8d95ff201 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/70f622a0028d161fa39aa351f0e67b70b655db75_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Tulane plays lead role in major diabetes drug trial + +## June 17, 2016 11:45 AM + +Keith Brannon kbrannon@tulane.edu 504-862-8789 + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Dr. Vivian Fonseca, Tullis–Tulane Alumni Chair in Diabetes and professor of medicine, helped design and guide the LEADER study as it was implemented internationally across 410 sites. (Photo by Paula Burch-Celentano) + +When American Diabetes Association officials gathered in New Orleans earlier this week and announced results of a major international drug trial, most of the focus was on the finding that the glucose-lowering drug Liraglutide reduces cardiovascular events by 13 percent for high-risk type 2 diabetes patients. + +The trial, called Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes – Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results (LEADER), hit a benchmark that didn’t make headlines, but astonished the research community. It showed a phenomenally high patient follow-up rate of 99.7 percent despite spanning five years, 410 sites in 32 countries and involving 9,340 patients. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/73071ef7a5ee312f508597e66b364774c2159236_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/73071ef7a5ee312f508597e66b364774c2159236_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ed8852b6002622d21dbe5f741e1319d220a0820 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/73071ef7a5ee312f508597e66b364774c2159236_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +## Redmine - Defect #28565 PDF export has too many whitespaces + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Status: Priority:Closed Normal
Assignee:Go MAEDA
Category:PDF export
Target version:3.3.9
Resolution:Fixed
+ +| Start date: Due date: | | +| --- | --- | +| % Done: | 0% | +| Estimated time: | 0.00 hour | +| Affected version: | 3.1.7 | + +# Description + +When exported in pdf format, there are too many whitespace under each note (attached). As far as I can see, white space is automatically generated equal to the line number of the note. I tested on Redmine 3.4.4.stable.17198 and Redmine 3.1.7.stable.17140, this issue persists. Hope this issue is fixed soon. Thank you ! + +## Associated revisions + +## Revision 17574 - 2018-10-06 02:11 - Go MAEDA + +PDF export has too many whitespaces (#28565). + +Contributed by Jun NAITOH. + +### Revision 17575 - 2018-10-06 02:17 - Go MAEDA + +Merged r17574 from trunk to 3.4-stable (#28565). + +### Revision 17576 - 2018-10-06 02:18 - Go MAEDA + +Merged r17574 from trunk to 3.3-stable (#28565). + +## History + +## #1 - 2018-04-17 12:49 - Guillermo ML + +I can confirm this behaviour on 3.3.1.stable, 3.4.3.stable and 3.4.4.stable The number of blank lines after each note seems to be identical to the number of lines of text in the note. + +### #2 - 2018-04-30 02:40 - Go MAEDA + +- Status changed from New to Confirmed + +- Target version set to Candidate for next minor release + +Reproducible in the current trunk (r17315). + +## #3 - 2018-08-01 04:28 - Tyler Nguyen diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/731f5c0cdb956c71a84725574ee15206c3aea55a_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/731f5c0cdb956c71a84725574ee15206c3aea55a_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d2a70f1342ee8a16f00bec599763fc213f92768 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/731f5c0cdb956c71a84725574ee15206c3aea55a_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +At the beginning of this new year we're probably all wondering where we can find hope. 2020 was difficult, 2021 hasn't got off to a great start, but + +the vaccine is on its way, and even though there are many other challenges facing us, we hope. And one of my favourite passages in the bible is + +when Shadrach and Meshach and Abednego are going to be thrown into the burning fiery furnace and are given a last chance to worship King + +Nebuchadnezzar's golden statue but they say, "Well look, our God might save us and our God might not save us, but we're not going to do what + +we know to be wrong. We're going to place our hope in God's way of living, in God's way of inhabiting the earth." + +On New Year, 1945, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who was a German pastor who bravely opposed the Nazi government, wrote a poem in prison. I won't + +read all of it, it's a longish poem, but here are a few verses which also speak of, well, good things may be ahead, but there may also be bad things, + +but we place our trust in God and in the light that he shines on us. So he writes, + +"Should it be ours to drain the cup of grieving even to the dregs of pain, at thy command, we will not falter, thankfully receiving all that is given by + +thy loving hand. But should it be thy will once more to release us to life's enjoyment and its good sunshine, that which we've learned from sorrow + +shall increase us, and all our life be dedicate as thine. Today, let candles shed their radiant greeting; lo, on our darkness are they not thy light + +leading us, haply, to our longed-for meeting? - Thou canst illumine even our darkest night." + +In this new year we pray that the light of Christ may shine in our darkness. And if you would like me to pray for you, or for the Sisters at Whitby + +who are praying with me to pray for you, please send in a prayer. We will pray for you this new year, here at Bishopthorpe Palace, in Whitby, that + +you may know the light of Christ. + +Anyone who wishes a prayer to be said for themselves or others, can send this in to Bishopthorpe Palace, where the Archbishop will pray, with + +support from The Order of the Holy Paraclete at Whitby. + +If you would like to send in a prayer request, please complete the online request here. You can also email: office@archbishopofyork.org putting + +‘Prayer request’ in the subject line. + +If you would like to write your request for prayer, please post to: Prayers, Office of the Archbishop of York, Bishopthorpe Palace, Bishopthorpe, + +York YO23 2GE. + +Please be aware that names may be shared with the Sisters of the Order of the Holy Paraclete in Whitby and that personal responses may not be + +possible. + +Other prayer requests can be submitted anytime here + +## 3 min read diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/73d9e54bf0e762ab80f2e0a16b6aaceccc821fbc_page_15_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/73d9e54bf0e762ab80f2e0a16b6aaceccc821fbc_page_15_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91396d6d4b287d30fe76047e8e7b043993e874d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/73d9e54bf0e762ab80f2e0a16b6aaceccc821fbc_page_15_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
InterpretationSubject to consent
A B C D E✓✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Type of cookieFirst-partyTechnical third-partyNon-technical third-partyProfiling
ExamplesAuthentication, user-input memory, securityMultimedia player settings, load balancingSocial plug-ins, performance analyticsBehavioral advertising, tracking services
+ +Table 4. Cookies subject to consent in different interpretations of the ePrivacy Directive. We verify violations according to (B). + +essential and, thus, not exempted. This is the case of profiling cookies. However, such guidelines are not part of the ePrivacy Directive. Hence, the definition of a “necessary element” to offer a service is subject to interpretation by National Data Protection Authorities. We illustrate different approaches in Table 4, based on different definitions of necessary cookie. Helped by Opinion 04/2012, we identify four types of cookies, represented as columns in the table. Starting from the left, they are sorted from the most to the least likely to be necessary. Indeed, first-party cookies are very likely to be necessary (e.g., for authentication), while profiling cookies, installed by e.g., behavioral advertising platforms, are very far from being essential. We then formalize five different interpretations of the ePrivacy Directive that differ in the type of cookies subject to consent. The most permissive approach (A) represents the extreme scenario where no cookie is subject to consent, that clearly breaks the spirit of the Directive. On the opposite side, the approach (E) represents the strictest interpretation, which mandates that all cookies need prior consent. In this work, we verify the compliance to the interpretation (B), which is the most tolerant approach that mandates consent for some kind of unnecessary cookies. According to (B), only profiling cookies need prior users’s consent, while all others do not. Thus, our definition of violations becomes very conservative – i.e., we prefer to neglect some violations, than to incur false positives. + +#### 7.2.2 Transposition into national legislation + +The European regulatory landscape is not homogeneous. All EU MSs must transpose EU Directives into their legislation as a minimum level of harmonization. As such, EU MSs have transposed the ePrivacy Directive in dif- + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 12. ePrivacy Directive transposition into EU MSs legislation. + +ferent ways [44, 56]. For the sake of simplification, we group such transpositions into three categories. A graphical representation of ePrivacy Directive interpretations (and EU MSs of application) is provided in Figure 12. + +(i) The strictest category prescribes the opt-in mechanism – i.e., the user must provide consent. The consent must be obtained before cookies are used. This interpretation is in force in 11 EU MSs. + +(ii) More flexible interpretations allow the consent to be implied – i.e., inferred from the behavior of the user. In other words, consent can be conveyed by clicking a link or scrolling through a website. In 9 MSs, regulations allow implied consent. + +(iii) Tolerant interpretations of the ePrivacy Directive do not require consent. The website must show a Cookie Bar warning users about the use of cookies, that can diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/74094decfc2f4504fb7e14a3969e2abe71d5eaf9_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/74094decfc2f4504fb7e14a3969e2abe71d5eaf9_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dff0934210ffa703051f548b731d31ae16bb5edb --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/74094decfc2f4504fb7e14a3969e2abe71d5eaf9_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +Intermediate/advanced + +BIKE +TRAINING +RAMP UP YOUR TRAINING INTENSITY WITH THIS +FOUR-WEEK CYCLE FITNESS PLAN + +FOLD1 + +WEEK 01 + +Rest day + +AM Swim 2,500m Technique session +WU 3x300 as (100m FC, 100m KICK, 100m PULL) +MAIN 8x50 mas (25m FISTS, 25m FC) 3x (150m FC in Z2, 100m FC in Z3, 50m FC in Z4) +20 secs RI +WD 300m easy FC or BACK +PM Bike 50 mins WU 10 mins in Z2 MAIN 10, 9, 8 mins all in Z3 (+2 mins RI) WD 10 mins in Z2 + +Run 45mins WU 10 mins as (5 mins in Z2, 5 mins in Z3) MAIN 8x1 min flat-out fast (+2 mins jog RI) WD 10 mins in Z2 + +AM Swim 2,500m Strength session WU 300m FC, 100m KICK, 300m PULL, 100m KICK MAIN 400m ANKLES in Z2 + 45 secs RI, 100m BAND + 15 secs RI, 400m PULL + 45 secs RI, 100m FISTS, 400m FC in Z2, 100m 1-ARM WD 200m easy FC/BACK PM Bike 50 mins WU 10 mins as (5 mins in Z2, 5 mins in Z3) MAIN 6x3 mins hard in Z4 (+3 min RI in Z1) WD 5 mins in Z2 + +Run 60mins WU 25mins in Z2 MAIN 15mins in Z3 WD 20mins in Z2 + +Bike 2 hour endurance ride in Z2 + +Bike 2 hour endurance ride in Z2 + +WEEK 02 + +Rest day + +AM Swim 2,500m Muscular endurance session +WU 100m FC, 100m KICK, 100m FDRAG, 100m PULL, 6x50m KICK MAIN 4x100m FC in Z3 +20 secs RI, 300m PULL in Z1, 3x100m FC in Z3 +20 secs RI, 200m PULL in Z1, 100m FC in Z3 +WD 500m easy FC or BACK +PM Bike 50 mins WU 10 mins in Z2 +MAIN 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3 mins all in Z3 (+1 min RI) +WD 4 mins in Z2 + +Run 40mins WU 12 mins as (5 mins in Z2, 5 mins in Z3, 2 mins in Z2) MAIN 5x2 mins flat-out fast (+2 mins jog recoveries) WD 10 mins in Z2 + +AM Swim 2,600m Strength session WU 200m FC, 100m KICK, 200m PULL, 100m KICK MAIN 400m as (alternating 50m FC, 25m KICK). 8x50m PULL in Z3 +15 secs RI. 2x100m KICK as 50m easy, 50m hard +20 secs RI. 300m PULL in Z3, 3x100m ANKLES in Z2 +30 secs RI WD 400m FC/BACK/BREAST PM Bike 45 mins WU 10 mins as (5 mins in Z2, 5 mins in Z3) MAIN 30 mins as (alternating 2 mins in Z4, 2 mins in Z2) WD 5 mins in Z2 + +Run 60mins WU 25mins in Z2 MAIN 15mins in Z3 WD 20mins in Z2 + +Bike 2hr 30mins endurance ride in Z2 + +Bike 2hr 30mins endurance ride in Z2 + +TRAINING ZONES + +USING THESE Training Zones will help you train at the right intensity for each session. This helps develop specific aspects of your fitness, as well as making sure you don’t overdo it. + +You can either estimate your intensity using the Training Zone descriptions, or use a heart-rate monitor for a more precise measure. If you use a heart-rate monitor, use the percentages provided and subtract them from your maximum heart rate to calculate your zones. Tools like cycle power meters and GPS watches will also help track your training progress, but they're not essential for these plans. + +These training zones are only a guide, so don’t worry about being overly precise with heart rates because they’ll fluctuate anyway. It’s good to be mindful of your intensity but it’s even more important that you get out there and enjoy your training. + +ZONE 1 [Z1] Recovery + +60 to 65% of your maximum. Easy pace, feels nice and light. + +ZONE 2 [Z2] Steady + +65 to 75% of your maximum. Fairly easy pace. Easy enough so that you could breathe just through your nose if you wanted to. + +ZONE 3 [Z3] Tempo + +75% to 80% of your maximum. A fairly hard but sustainable pace. + +ZONE 4 [Z4] Race tempo + +80 to 90% of your maximum. A hard pace that requires real focus to sustain. + +KEY WU Warm up, WD Warm down, MAIN Main set, FC Front crawl, KICK Kick with a float held out in front of you, BUILD Gradually increase the intensity of each rep within a set, PULL Front crawl with a pull float between thighs, RI Rest interval, BACK Backstroke, BREAST Breaststroke, 1-ARM Front crawl using one arm only N/S Negative split – swim the 2nd half faster than the first, FDRAG Drag your fingers along the surface during the FC arm recovery, FISTS Swim FC with clenched fists, DOG Doggy paddle, SCULL Kick with arms held out in front, sculling your hands side to side, BAND Front crawl with a rubber band or inner-tube tied around ankles, ANKLES Front crawl with pull float between ankles + +STAY IN THE TRAINING ZONE WITH TRIATHLON PLUS + +WEEK 03 + +Rest day + +AM Swim 2,900m Technique session +WU 300m FC, 200m KICK, 200m FC MAIN 3x (300m PULL in Z3 +30 secs RI, 100m FC in Z2 +20 secs RI, 100 secs FC in Z3 +20 secs RI, 100m FC in Z4 +20 secs RI) WD 400m easy FC or BACK +PM Bike 50 mins WU 10 mins in Z2 MAIN 10, 9, 8 mins all in Z3 (+90 secs RI) WD 10 mins in Z2 + +Run 40mins WU 15 mins as (10 mins in Z2, 5 mins in Z3) MAIN 4x3 mins flat-out fast (+2 mins jog recoveries) WD 8 mins in Z2 + +AM Swim 2,500m Strength session +WU 2x250m FC, 100m KICK, 200m PULL +MAIN 8x(25m SCULL, 25m FC)+10 secs RI, 100m PULL in Z4 +10 secs RI, 200m FC in Z3 +10 secs RI, 300m PULL in Z2 +30 secs RI, 200m FC in Z3 +20 secs RI, 100m FC in Z4 WD 400m FC in Z1 +PM Bike 45 mins WU 10 mins as (5 mins in Z2, 5 mins in Z3) MAIN 30 mins as (alternating 2 mins in Z4, 2 mins in Z2) WD 5 mins in Z2 + +Run 60mins WU 25mins in Z2 MAIN 15mins in Z3 WD 20mins in Z2 + +Bike 3 hour endurance ride in Z2 + +Bike 2 hour endurance ride in Z2 + +WEEK 04 + +Rest day + +AM Swim 2,000m Technique session +WU 300m FC, 200m KICK, 100m PULL +20 secs +RI MAIN 4x50m 1-ARM, 200m N/S, 4x50m +FDRAG, 200m N/S, 4x50m FISTS, 200m N/S +WD 200m easy FC or BACK +PM Bike 45 mins WU 15 mins as 10 mins in Z2, +3 mins in Z3, 2 mins in Z2 MAIN 20 mins as +alternating (30 secs max, 30 secs recovery spin) +WD 10 mins in Z2 + +Run 30mins WU 15 mins as (10 mins in Z2, 5 mins in Z3) MAIN 5 mins in Z4 WD 10 mins in Z2 + +AM Swim 2,300m Strength session WU 200m FC, 100m KICK, 200m PULL, 100m FC MAIN 400m (alternating 50m FC, 25m KICK). 3x (200m PULL, 100m KICK in Z3) +30 secs RI WD 400m BACK/BREAST PM Bike 45 mins WU 15 mins as 10 mins in Z2, 3 mins in Z3, 2 mins in Z2 MAIN 20 mins as alternating (30 secs max, 30 secs recovery spin) WD 10 mins in Z2 + +Run 40mins WU 15mins in Z2 MAIN 15mins in Z3 WD 10mins in Z2 + +Bike 2 hour endurance ride in Z2 + +Bike 2 hour endurance ride in Z2 + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7466ec7f8275ee990cc2d01f2f5ec97f384877a7_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7466ec7f8275ee990cc2d01f2f5ec97f384877a7_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcbb95c39a970248413c157e44e3f51127c5b7ea --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7466ec7f8275ee990cc2d01f2f5ec97f384877a7_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +### 3.3. Analyses + +To test the study hypotheses, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) were utilized. Partial Least Squares (PLS) is a wide class of methods for modeling relations between sets of observed variables by means of latent variables. The partial least squares (PLS) approach to SEM offers an alternative to covariance based SEM, which is especially suited for situations when data is not normally distributed. The basic PLS-SEM algorithm (Lohmöller 1989) follows a two-stage approach. In the first stage, the latent constructs’ scores are estimated, and the second stage calculates the final estimates of the outer weights and loadings as well as the structural model’s path coefficients (Hair et al, 2011). + +## 4. Findings and Discussion + +### 4.1. Assessment of the measurement model (Outer Model) + +loadings should be higher than all of its cross loadings (Hair et al, 2011, pp. 145). + +An evaluation of outer model consists of convergent, discriminant validity and composite reliability. In the studies involving PLS analysis, an overview of aspects related to the evaluation of the measurement models are : composite reliability should be higher than 0.70; indicator reliability : indicator loadings should be higher than 0.70; convergent validity : the average variance extracted (AVE) should be higher than 0.50; Discriminant validity: the AVE of each latent construct should higher than the construct’s highest squared correlation with any other latent construct and an indicator’s The results of composite reliability ranged from 0.853 to 0.942 (higher than 0.70) and reliability testing by coefficient of cronbach alpha generates the lowest value of 0.778 and the highest value of 0.927 and thus can be concluded that all of the construct have good reliability (cronbach alpha > 0.70). The AVE values were 0.595-0.735 (higher than 0.5), exceeding the threshold values for satisfactory convergent validity (Table 2). In order to evaluate the discriminant validity, the square root of each variable’s AVE value was compared with the correlation coefficients between variables. In Table 3, for each variable, the square root of the AVE value was larger than the correlation coefficient values with any other variable, thereby verifying the discriminant validity of this study (see Table 3). The results of analysis test obtained from variables measurement demonstrate that all of the variables in this research have outer loading above 0.50 (see Table 5). This means that all of the indicators, as a measurement of the construct, have been proven to have convergent validity. The results of discriminant validity analysis test also show higher correlation between variables and each of indicators than between variables and other indicators. This means that the model has met discriminant validity. It can be concluded, therefore, that the evaluation of outer model has been fulfilled so the next evaluation is the evaluation of inner model. + +### 4.2. Structural Model (Inner Model) + +The structural model indicates the causal relationships among the latent constructs in the research model. Assessment of structural model was done first by determining the predictive power of the model and second by analyzing the hypothesized relationships among the latent constructs proposed in the research model. The R2 -values of the dependent variables determine the predictive power of the research model and the path coefficients evaluate the strength of the hypothesized relationships. The judgment of what R² level is high depends, however, on the specific research discipline. Whereas R² results of 0.20 are considered high in disciplines such as consumer behavior, R² values of 0.75 would be perceived as high in success driver studies. In marketing research studies, R² values of 0.75, 0.50, or 0.25 for endogenous latent variables in the structural model can, as a rule of thumb, be described as substantial, moderate, or weak, respectively (Hair et al., 2011). Following Chin (2009), boots trap resampling method that uses randomly selected subsamples was employed to estimate the theoretical model and hypothesized relationships. The results of analysis output are shown in Figure 1, the R2 -values, path coefficients, t-value and the significance values are presented in Table 6. As is evident from Figure 1, the model has high diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/75833c75afb9e2d6e0368f328b7b58bfbc9351df_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/75833c75afb9e2d6e0368f328b7b58bfbc9351df_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03dbf73f07870d6da49756ce9b811527a3b697b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/75833c75afb9e2d6e0368f328b7b58bfbc9351df_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Awards will be made to the bidder whose bid (1) complies with all mandatory specifications and requirement of the IFB and (2) is the lowest and best bid, considering price, responsibility of the bidder and in the best interest of the University. + +## 8. Price: + +All prices shall be as indicated on the Pricing Page. The University shall not pay nor be liable for any other additional costs including but not limited to taxes, shipping charges, insurance, interest, penalties, termination payments, attorney fees, liquidated damages, etc. + +## 9. Freight, Shipping and Handling Charges: + +a. All prices shall include all packing, handling, shipping and freight charges, FOB Destination, Freight Prepaid and Allowed. The University shall not make additional payments or pay add-on charges for freight or shipping unless specifically described and priced in the bid, or as otherwise specifically stated and allowed by the IFB. + +b. The contractor shall be paid in approximately thirty (30) days from receipt of the equipment and valid invoice(s). The contractor shall submit all invoices to: + +## 10. Contractor Liability: + +Lincoln University of Missouri Accounting Department Room 204 Young Hall PO Box 29 Jefferson City MO 65102-0029 + +a. The contractor agrees that Lincoln University shall not be liable for any damages or costs or injury incurred by the contractor of his/her employees arising of the ownership, selection, possession, leasing, rental, operation, control, use, maintenance, delivery, return, and/or installation of equipment provided by the contractor, except as otherwise provided in the contract. + +b. The contractor shall be responsible for any and injury or damage as a result of the contractor’s negligence involving any equipment or service provided under the terms and conditions of the contract. In addition to the liability imposed upon the contractor on account of personal injury (including death), or property damage suffered as a result of the contractor’s negligence , the contractor assumes the obligation to save Lincoln University, including its agents, employees, and assigns, from every expense (including attorney fees), liability, or payment arising out of such negligent act. The contractor also agrees to hold Lincoln University, including its agents, employees, and assigns, harmless for any negligent act or omission committed by any subcontractor or other person employed by or under the supervision of the contractor under the terms of the contract and indemnifies Lincoln University for all costs, expenses (including attorney fees), damages and payment. + +## 11. Replacement of Damaged Product: + +The contractor shall be responsible for replacing any item received in damaged condition at no cost to the university. This includes all shipping costs for returning non-functional items to the contractor for replacement. + +## 12. Substitutions: + +The contractor shall not substitute any item(s) that has been awarded to the contractor without the prior written diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/75bb3db067b653a432ac93c10c1b20a06811fb71_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/75bb3db067b653a432ac93c10c1b20a06811fb71_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..409de9ee421b24050a52a874fe6db664708428b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/75bb3db067b653a432ac93c10c1b20a06811fb71_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +# My Dog Can Do It! + +As far as cognitive scientists are concerned, the children’s game “I spy with my little eye” is anything but child’s play. It is based on the assumption that the person whose turn it is can imagine what the other players are able to see – or not. But do dogs and apes, for instance, also share this ability? At the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, scientists study social cognition factors in different species. + +TEXT BIRGIT FENZEL + +inhabitants in the Wolfgang Köhler Primate Research Center by concealing pieces of fruit in the enclosure. The lower orders actually dared to take the extra portion only when they had observed that the alpha male had either not noticed the food being hidden or did not have the food in his field of vision. + +Theory of mind is the scientific term for the art of mind reading. This ability enables people to apprehend others as individuals with their own perceptions, feelings and thoughts and, based on this, to imagine what is going on with them. For researchers, the theory of mind is one of the cornerstones of learning and teaching, and therefore also of the emergence of culture – one need only think here of the role imitation and demonstration play in the passing on of knowledge in the context of language acquisition. It was long assumed that the theory of mind was a uniquely human ability that developed over the course of evolution. However, scientists working with Michael Tomasello in the Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig observed that chimpanzees also display some of the key features of this ability to perceive the perspectives and intentions of others. In order to find out what apes know about the perceptions of their group members, psychologist Josep Call exploited the extreme food possessiveness displayed by ape house + +Humans are thus endowed with the ability to put themselves in the perception and action perspectives of others, and this ability plays a major role in early childhood language acquisition. The child learns the names of objects from the mother or father by pointing to them. It is now also assumed that gestures actually lie at the root of language: the sounds and words only followed after the pointing. However, as Call and his colleagues discovered to their amazement while researching at the Wolfgang Köhler Primate Research Center, the great apes did not follow even the broadest of hints: a series of studies with hidden pieces of fruit showed that pointing does not work in human-ape communication – the apes clearly do not understand what their human test partners want to tell them when they point to a certain container. Based on these findings, it appeared that the ability to interpret communicative gestures is a talent exclusive to Homo sapiens. If man’s closest relation in ontogenetic terms cannot understand pointing gestures, who can? The answer came from an unexpected source: “My dog can do it!” claimed then doc- + +## POINTERS FOR THE EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGISTS + +This relativizes the hitherto accepted belief that the theory of mind is an exclusively human ability. But how much do apes actually understand about the state of knowledge of others? Is it possible that they are able to use pointing gestures or other referential indications in communicative contexts? “These questions are extremely fascinating for us,” says biologist Juliane Bräuer, who researches the social cognition in various animal species in Tomasello’s department. “The comparison between the different species provides us with insight into ourselves and what has changed in the course of our development. After all, how human cognition developed during the course of evolution is one of our big questions.” + +Practice makes perfect – also in the way dogs observe people. According to research, this is not the only communicative skill aimed at humans with which dogs have become experts over a period of 15,000 years. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7825b0e2fd772dd590a1be8910948ddfa5017040_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7825b0e2fd772dd590a1be8910948ddfa5017040_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf38582dd4102bf4d1e29099ed24131cd1832f36 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7825b0e2fd772dd590a1be8910948ddfa5017040_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +employability is wrongly positioned as consisting of aspects of the work context and the employee, while the unit that is employable can only be the employee; iii) it assumes that achieving value at work automatically leads to (or can even equated to) sustainable employability; iv) sustainable employability within the definition does not generalize to unemployed individuals; and v) the longitudinal aspect of sustainable employability is not clearly specified concretely. These aspects as discussed in Chapter 2 provide several directions to achieve a more comprehensive and clear definition of sustainable employability. + +Chapter 3 builds on the aforementioned directions and other existing literature on sustainable employability to achieve a comprehensive conceptual framework. First, the general meaning of the elements ‘sustainable’ and ‘employability’ are considered to achieve a rough general working definition of sustainable employability as the ability of an individual to function at work and in the labor market not being affected negatively by the employment of that individual over time. This working definition already matches most of the requirements as formulated in Chapter 2. Subsequently, an interdisciplinary perspective on functioning at work and in the labor market is used to achieve a set of nine complementary indicators of an individual’s ‘employability’ (i.e., perceived health status, need for recovery, fatigue, work ability, job satisfaction, motivation to work, job performance, perceived employability, and the match between the required competences and the competences an individual has). This employability construct should then be captured repeatedly over a longer period of time, so that the ‘sustainability’ (i.e., positive growth or stability over time) in the development of employability can be captured and predicted. Finally, the framework suggests that aspects of the employment situation that have a positive effect on- or safeguard the stability in employability over time can be considered conditions of sustainable employment of an individual in work. Hereby, the resulting conceptual framework provides clear guidelines for research on sustainable employability. + +Chapter 4 examines whether the proposed definition of sustainable employability can be validly translated into a measure combining the nine complementary indicators (i.e., perceived health status, need for recovery, fatigue, work ability, job satisfaction, motivation to work, job performance, perceived employability, and the match between the required competences and the competences an individual has). To this end, Chapter 4 empathically considers the distinction between reflective and formative measurement models, as it is essential in determining the validity of complex construct such as sustainable employability. Using an adapted checklist to diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/78643402ed01cc7523be74da4652e7a8e81bd426_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/78643402ed01cc7523be74da4652e7a8e81bd426_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6de460d1df78c0cfe4c26246c28f0807e7ac6aed --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/78643402ed01cc7523be74da4652e7a8e81bd426_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
BID TABULATION
Description: HVAC PARTSIFB No. 75175Bid SolicitationBid Open
Date: 2/26/21Date: 3/23/21
BIDDER:J P SIMONS & CO.TRANSITAIR SYSTEMS, LLC.ATLAS & ASSOCIATES, INC.
LineQty.Item DescriptionUnit PriceTotalUnit PriceTotalUnit PriceTotalUnit PriceTotalUnit PriceTotal
1HVAC PARTS$503,458.80$2,497,995.60$3,782,162.40$0.00$0.00
2$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00
3$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00
4$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00
5$0.00za#VALUE!$0.00$0.00$0.00
6$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00
7$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00
8$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00
9$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00
10$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00$0.00
Total Price$503,458.80Total Price#VALUE!Total Price$3,782,162.40Total Price$0.00Total Price$0.00
diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7881b598b8eee0c5a1f88dc84a36c1c70cc13995_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7881b598b8eee0c5a1f88dc84a36c1c70cc13995_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfaaf472482e220001490e706d46968f8b7b1ac3 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7881b598b8eee0c5a1f88dc84a36c1c70cc13995_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +![](figure) + +# Developing a Program of Research in Nursing + +![](figure) + +Grounded in the author's 30 years of experience as a highly esteemed nurse researcher, the book guides nurses step by step through all aspects of program development. Numerous examples of various types of nursing research programs provide insight into potential research paths, and information from the author's own long-term research on postpartum mood and anxiety disorders is used to illustrate concepts throughout the book. The text also includes suggestions for sustaining a research trajectory and provides detailed strategies for publishing successive studies. With an eye to exploring every possible research avenue, the book addresses interdisciplinary collaborative research and international research collaboration. + +## Key features: + +- Provides specific steps for developing a successful research program in nursing and the health sciences + +- Demonstrates how to use both quantitative and qualitative research methods to produce a knowledge-driven research trajectory + +- Provides time-management strategies for research productivity + +- Explains how to plan for sequential studies and sustain a successful research trajectory + +- Uses concrete examples of research programs, including the author's own programs on postpartum mood and anxiety disorders + +![](figure) + +| Publication Year | 2015 | +| --- | --- | +| Edition | 1st Ed. | +| Author/Editor | Beck, Cheryl Tatano | +| Publisher | Springer Publishing Company | +| ISBN | 978-0-826-12325-1 | +| Doody's Star Rating® | ↑ ↑ Score: 98 ↑ ↑ ↑ | +| Doody Core Title | Score: 2.6 (Research) | +| Platform | Ovid | +| Product Type | Book | +| Speciality | References Research & Theory | +| Language | English | +| Pages | 178 | +| Illustrations | 0 | diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7901d119ed91a89f8fbabf0eef7174d75a7656e3_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7901d119ed91a89f8fbabf0eef7174d75a7656e3_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1abaa1be149a41dd310a9383e7a67d81ee80bfb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7901d119ed91a89f8fbabf0eef7174d75a7656e3_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +# 810 Portable Stand + +### Flexible Use, Heavy Duty Portable Stand Kit + +Our 810 is a heavy duty portable stand which may be assembled by the user into a variety of configurations. It consists of a number of components which give you the flexibility to "build" the stand to the specification of any job which calls for portable or unique setups. It is relatively lightweight and disassembles for mobility, yet is extremely rigid while being used. Various combinations of the 810's components allow instrument mounting heights of 2" to 55½" (5 - 141 cm) from the floor. The stand allows you to make precision vertical and horizontal adjustments to solve a multitude of instrument location problems. [In case you're scratching your head, an instrument height of 2" is possible by installing the instrument mount tube - and the instrument + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +- upside down between the legs of the stand.] + +The 810 comes with a set of short legs, a set of long legs, and a set of trivet points that may be mounted directly in the three sockets on the tribrach plate, for setting the stand almost directly on the floor or other work surface. Both point and pad feet are interchangeable with the short and long legs. It is also supplied with a short and long intermediate tube. The photo above (right) shows the stand with the long legs and long intermediate tube; the photo below (left) shows the stand with the short legs and short intermediate tube. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Left: The 810 stand assembled with the short instrument mount tube and the short legs. + +Right: The 810 comes in a sturdy polyethylene case with foam inserts to hold all parts securely. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7a87ebeddc2be139da76dee72e467834541ee90f_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7a87ebeddc2be139da76dee72e467834541ee90f_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e84ecf952b2f1752ca2c6c9f496637addacf7189 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7a87ebeddc2be139da76dee72e467834541ee90f_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +semble pas être associée à plus d’usages que dans le groupe 1 et peut s’expliquer par une gestion différente de la croissance des cacaoyers, de la fertilité des sols et de la pression parasitaire. Ce groupe 2 peut constituer un référentiel technique pour des systèmes agroforestiers à base de cacaoyers que les agriculteurs souhaitent toujours orientés vers une bonne production cacaoyère, mais dont les moyens sont plus limités que ceux du groupe 1. Les arbres associés n’auraient pas d’autre utilité que celle de l’ombrage et du maintien de la fertilité du sol. Les niveaux de stockage de carbone sur le long terme pouvant être visés par ce groupe 2 seraient compris entre 100 et 150 t C/ha pour un niveau minimum 10 espèces/ha. + +## Le groupe 3 : rendements accessibles inférieurs à 750 kg/ha de cacao marchand + +Pour les rendements accessibles inférieurs à 750 kg/ha, il apparaît que la variation du niveau de stockage de carbone s’accompagne d’une variation de la richesse spécifique. La répartition entre classes d’âges de la cacaoyère semble être assez similaire entre les niveaux de rendement 250-500 et 500-750 kg/ha de cacao marchand. Ainsi, ce groupe 3 des systèmes agroforestiers, à base de cacaoyers à faible rendement, comporte aussi des systèmes moins performants que ceux des groupes 1 et 2 pour les trois variables étudiées. Cette diversité de situations est le reflet de l’hétérogénéité de structure et de gestion de la communauté des espèces d’arbres associées. Par ailleurs, on remarque qu’au sein de ce groupe, de nombreuses cacaoyères présentent des niveaux de stockage de carbone et de richesse spécifique équivalents à ceux des groupes 1 et 2, associés à des niveaux de rendements accessibles relative-ment faibles. Ce constat questionne la gestion de ces systèmes et souligne un besoin d’accompagnement des agriculteurs pour améliorer ces niveaux. + +# Conclusion + +Les résultats présentés dans ce chapitre démontrent la complexité des liens entre production, conservation et stockage de carbone dans les systèmes agroforestiers à base de cacaoyers du Centre-Cameroun. Ils soulignent une claire synergie entre les deux services de régulation et l’antagonisme de ces derniers avec le rendement accessible en cacao. L’analyse des compromis entre ces trois services a permis de dégager trois groupes de systèmes agroforestiers à base de cacaoyers dans l’échantillonnage effectué : + +− le premier groupe est composé de systèmes plutôt simples avec des rendements supérieurs à 1 t/ha de cacao marchand. Il permettrait d’obtenir à moyen terme des niveaux de stockage de carbone et de richesse spécifique faibles à moyens pouvant atteindre respectivement 80-100 t C/ha et 10 espèces ha ; + +− le deuxième groupe est constitué de systèmes dont la densité de la communauté associée, un peu plus importante, entraîne une compétition avec le peuplement cacaoyer accrue et n’autorise plus que des rendements compris entre 750 et 1 000 kg/ ha. Ces systèmes, à la richesse spécifique équivalente à ceux du groupe 1, semblent pouvoir atteindre des niveaux de stockage de carbone plus élevés à long terme situés au-delà des 100 t C/ha, voire 150 t C/ha ; diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7b3ad57e2874674ad6f4aa71c9be495e65dcf449_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7b3ad57e2874674ad6f4aa71c9be495e65dcf449_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..883a94a80a1981ed525e1ed91e54d09edd65a19b --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7b3ad57e2874674ad6f4aa71c9be495e65dcf449_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +9. + +Cevap: \(\frac{9}{2}\) + +10. + +Cevap: 168 + +11. + +Cevap: 17 + +12. + +Cevap: 96 + +13. + +Cevap: 21 + +14. + +Cevap: 12 + +15. + +Cevap: \(\frac{1}{5}\) + +16. + +Cevap: \(\sqrt{2} + 1\) + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7d57d413abf82db5fb75f7ad24a24ec912cfa837_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7d57d413abf82db5fb75f7ad24a24ec912cfa837_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..596baa2efe601b75f8854d7416ccdb21746a58f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7d57d413abf82db5fb75f7ad24a24ec912cfa837_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# STUDENT AFFAIRS + +Student Affairs facilitates students' learning and development outside of the classroom utilizing various student development, learning, sociocultural, and retention theories and nationally recognized high impact practices. Student Affairs provides student-centered programs and services to help students achieve their personal, academic and career goals. In collaboration with the academic deans, Student Affairs leads the university in recruiting a diverse student body. With the creative use of ongoing assessment, Student Affairs supports and develops programs and communities that contribute to the retention, success and leadership development of students. + +Student Affairs departments include the Office of Admissions; Associated Students of UAF (ASUAF); Athletics Department; Bookstore; Center for Student Rights and Responsibilities; Department of Military and Veteran Services; Nanook Recreation; Dining Services; Disability Services; Financial Aid; New Student Orientation; Office of the Registrar; Residence Life; Student Health and Counseling Center; Student Leadership and Involvement; Sustainability; and Wood Center. + +The Office of the Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs is a resource and referral center where students who don't know where to look for a solution to a problem at UAF will find help. Each department and office has its own web page detailing its student services, or students can visit http://www.uaf.edu/student-affairs/ for a complete list of all departments. For more information contact Student Affairs at uafstudent-affairs@alaska.edu or 907-474-2600. + +The Center for Student Rights and Responsibilities is also a resource and referral center where students can get help with concerns, issues or needs. You can get more information at http://www.uaf.edu/csrr/, uafstudentrights@alaska.edu or 907-474-7317. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7d7e2ac34ac51b419ba680d159df8b41a016319a_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7d7e2ac34ac51b419ba680d159df8b41a016319a_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5213cdaa809db596c9acc58cbf0be18debb4849 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7d7e2ac34ac51b419ba680d159df8b41a016319a_page_5_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +Supplementary data for this paper are available from the IUCr electronic archives (Reference: SK3138). Services for accessing these data are described at the back of the journal. + +#### References + +Banerjee, S., Mukherjee, A. K., Mukhopadhyay, R., Kundu, N. G. & Welch, A. J. (2001). Acta Cryst. C57, 861±864. + +Bernstein, J., Davis, R. E., Shimoni, L. & Chang, N.-L. (1995). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 1555±1573. + +Bonnett, R. (1995). Chem. Soc. Rev. 24, 19±33. + +Bruker (1998). SMART. Version 5.054. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. + +Cabiddu, S., Floris, C., Melis, S., Sotgiu, F. & Cerioni, G. (1986). J. Heterocycl. Chem. 23, 1815±1820. + +Chowdhury, K., Mukhopadhyay, R., Mukherjee, M., Broder, C. K. & Kundu, N. G. (2001). Acta Cryst. E57, o794±o795. + +Chumakov, Y. M., Tsapkov, V. I., Bocelli, G. & Antosyak, B. Y. (2005). Acta Cryst. C61, o460±o463. + +Cremer, D. & Pople, J. A. (1975). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 1354±1358. + +Dell, A., Williams, D. H., Morris, H. R., Smith, G. A., Feeny, J. & Roberts, G. C. K. (1975). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 2497±2502. + +DobrzanÂska, L. & Lloyd, G. O. (2005). Acta Cryst. E61, o2114±o2116. + +FaÂbiaÂn, L. & KaÂlmaÂn, A. (1999). Acta Cryst. B55, 1099±1108. + +Farrugia, L. J. (1997). J. Appl. Cryst. 30, 565. + +Fuente, J. R. D., Canete, A., Zanacco, A. L., Saitz, C. & Jullian, C. (2000). J. Org. Chem. 65, 7949±7958. + +Ghosh, S., Mukhopadhyay, R., Helliwell, M. & Mukherjee, A. K. (2006). Z. Kristallogr. 221, 739±745. + +KaÂlmaÂn, A., PaÂrkaÂnyi, L. & Argay, G. (1993). Acta Cryst. B49, 1039±1049. + +Kher, S. M., Cai, S. X., Weber, E. & Keana, J. F. W. (1995). J. Org. Chem. 60, 5838±5842. + +Lorgia, M., Fiore, M., Sannaand, P. & Paglietti, G. (1995). Il Farmaco, 50, 289± 301. + +Moreau, P., Neirabeyeh, M. A., Guillaumet, G. & Condert, G. (1991). Tetrahedron Lett. 32, 5525±5528. + +Nardelli, M. (1995). J. Appl. Cryst. 28, 659. + +Sessler, J. L., Maeda, H., Mizuno, T., Lynch, V. M. & Furuta, H. (2002). Chem. Commun. pp. 862±863. + +Sheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS. University of GoÈttingen, Germany. + +Sheldrick, G. M. (1997). SHELXS97 and SHELXL97. University of GoÈttingen, Germany. + +Sonar, V. N., Parkin, S. & Crooks, P. A. (2004). Acta Cryst. C60, o659±o661. + +Toshima, K., Takano, R., Ozawa, T. & Matsumura, S. (2002). Chem. Commun. pp. 212±213. + +Wardell, J. L., Skakle, J. M. S., Low, J. N. & Glidewell, C. (2005). Acta Cryst. C61, o634±o638. + +Watkin, D. M., Pearce, L. & Prout, C. K. (1993). CAMERON. Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, University of Oxford, England. + +Zhao, X.-J. & Du, M. (2003). Acta Cryst. C59, o496±o498. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7ddc63ce970c711b4878066619ed6ac5faea8e35_page_72_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7ddc63ce970c711b4878066619ed6ac5faea8e35_page_72_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2cc115183eb27ce17913102b42170d0dbcf6344 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7ddc63ce970c711b4878066619ed6ac5faea8e35_page_72_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +- Por que você brigou com o André? — a Camilla quis saber, quando a convidei para dançar. Eu já estava me sentindo melhor, tinha tomado um banho quente e trocado de roupa. + +- Eu precisava acertar umas contas com ele. + +Por minha causa? — ela disfarçou uma ponta de vaidade por trás do olhar de preocupação. Por minha causa. Por auto-respeito — afirmei. Como assim? — ela me olhou surpresa. + +- Porque ele se achava o bonzão, estava sempre me humilhando e me chantageando. E cuspindo Nyfs em cima de mim... Hoje mesmo, ele me chantageou para poder participar da festa. Ameaçou contar para todo mundo uma coisa chata que me aconteceu e que só ele sabia. Engoli a chantagem, com medo que você... que o pessoal da escola fosse rir de mim. Agora não tenho mais medo disso. Já sei rir das minhas próprias trapalhadas. + + - E por que você sumiu no começo da festa? + +- Eu me senti mal e acabei adormecendo — resumi. Em outra situação, até contaria para ela tudo o que me aconteceu. Mas naquela hora eu tinha outras prioridades: me concentrar para não pisar nos pés dela, descobrir o que ela sentia por mim de verdade. E sentir minhas mãos tocando o corpo dela pela primeira vez. + +- Plínio, aquela pergunta que você me fez antes de eu ir dançar com o André... Você descobriu sobre os telefonemas, não descobriu? + + - Sobre os telefonemas? — repeti, tentando pensar rápido. + +- Sobre a Associação de Proteção aos Baixinhos... — ela começou a rir. + + - Era você?!... + +- Era... quer dizer, não... Deixa eu te explicar... Eu liguei uma vez, sem saber de nada, liguei só para bater papo. A Pat estava comigo, estávamos estudando juntas. Então falamos sobre você, eu falei sobre você... — ela ficou vermelha. — Ela disse que tinha o seu telefone, que vocês já tinham feito grupo juntos... Então ela me convenceu a ligar para você, falou que você era supertímido. Eu também sou supertímida, por telefone seria mais fácil ... Então você atendeu daquele jeito engraçado e eu comecei a rir e passei o telefone para ela. + +Eu estava adorando ouvir tudo aquilo. Foi aquela vez em que estranhei por que não perguntaram pelo Dênis... — Estou lembrando. Depois vocês ligaram de novo, falando que era da Associação de Proteção aos Baixinhos. + +- É. Foi ideia da Pat, ela é mais corajosa. Foi ela quem ligou nas outras vezes. Eu ficava ouvindo pela extensão, morrendo de rir das coisas que vocês falavam. + +Eu vibrava por dentro. Estava começando a ter algumas respostas para as minhas dúvidas. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7e3842456910567e59b1b057eb38b46e37c1e98c_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7e3842456910567e59b1b057eb38b46e37c1e98c_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26650676e181ff780574489660144408dd84f304 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7e3842456910567e59b1b057eb38b46e37c1e98c_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## RIVERSIDE CITY COLLEGE 2014 – 2015 GRANT DISBURSEMENT SCHEDULE + +# You have submitted the requested documentation on: + +1. Many factors determine your financial aid eligibility. TURNING IN YOUR DOCUMENTS DOES NOT GUARANTEE A FINANCIAL AID AWARD or DISBURSEMENT DATE! + +2. All disbursement dates are contingent upon funding and subject to change. Grant disbursements are based on your enrollment status and units will be checked approximately 2 weeks before each disbursement date. + +3. To receive your full disbursement amount you must be in attendance and your class must have already started. Payment for classes that start after the first day of the semester and payment for classes added late are included with your final disbursement of the semester. If you have applied for a Direct Loan, you will be notified separately of your loan disbursement dates. + +4. If your Financial Aid staff has any questions or concerns regarding your paperwork, you will be notified via Web-Advisor under required documents as well as your student email or by phone. + +5. Once we have received all initial and/or additional documentation requested, your Financial Aid staff will review your paperwork and the reported information on your FAFSA to ensure accuracy. + +6. It is important to continue to check WebAdvisor and student email to see if any additional/supporting documentation is required. + +7. Your Analyst will determine your eligibility by packaging and awarding your financial aid. You will then receive a revised Financial Aid Award email notification via your student email account. + +8. You will receive your disbursement according to the processing deadline you meet. Please refer to the reverse for disbursement dates. DEADLINE DATES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT WARNING. + +9. You will only be paid for classes you are actively attending. Remaining in all of your classes is critical to avoid repayment of funds received. If you receive payment for a class and drop, you may be required to repay a portion or the entire grant/ loan you received. + +10. Cal Grant and Direct Loan Recipients must be enrolled at least half time (6 units) and must have an active academic program (major) other than undecided. See Admissions and Records if updates are necessary. + +# IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS UTILIZING FEDERAL FINANCIAL AID + +RCCD is excited to announce a new method for receiving your financial aid funds. Starting in July 2014, Higher One will begin mailing bright lime green envelopes which will include a pre-printed Higher One card with the Master Card logo along with step by step instructions on how to sign up for your new disbursement method. Higher One offers students several options: + +1. Higher One Card + +2. Direct deposit into your bank account + +3. Check + +Students will need to use the account number on the Higher One card to make a choice of activating the Higher One card, selecting the direct deposit option or requesting a check. It is also important that your mailing address is current to avoid a delay in receiving your Financial Aid funds. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7f1e2bb730f139f2f56c09f6e2fbdbafba2ac454_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7f1e2bb730f139f2f56c09f6e2fbdbafba2ac454_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ecf7103873a7489171926ac417bd6a4843b59a99 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7f1e2bb730f139f2f56c09f6e2fbdbafba2ac454_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +![](figure) + +ت س شته دا پروژه در فرد هر كه + +ي شنق و گروه افراد تعداد ، پروژهت كيفي بهپروژهاز ي ساب اكت نمره ن ميزا . شود جام ان ) نفر 3 كثراحد( ي گروه ت صور بهتواند ي م پروژهن اي پروژهل حويت ن مكا . بودخواهد گروه افراد همه ضور ح باي ضور ح ت صور بهل حويت حوهن . دارد ي ستگ ب، ا .شوديم صخشم سدر حهصفتساييرو بر ًابعد + +پيادهرا تعالااط فحذ،جوستج ، در + +ج + +از م اع ت عالا اط ي بازيابو ي ساز خيره ذ ت نامكاا بان تلفچهفترد كيم خواهي ي م پروژهن اي در . داد م خواهي حضيتو ادامه در را كدامهر كهييدا نم ي ساز + +و 1جرهپن،فختلم يكاراكترهااز نيداتويم ستارا نايدر .يدبگيرظرندر نتلفچهفترد يبرايسبمنا يكاربرطسوا تسا زملا .1 سلاكدر )1 ل شك( شدهشنهادپييكاربرطسوا از نيداتويم نهنمويبرا.ييدانمدهستفاا 3زمينه س پ و 2م قلگرن تغيير .(شدباتحرا كاربريبرانآ از دهستفاانكهآ طشربهيدكنيحطرا يگرد يها طسوا نيداتويم خود تقيلاخ با ( ييدانمدهستفاا . ت سا شدهداده ن شانحهصفن ييپادر كهت سا شدهارائه ف ختل م ي ها ت بليقاي برا[^4]برن ميا ي ا كليدهي شنهادپيط سوا ن در + +اي + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +در تعالااط نكردوارد يبرايرنگ جرةپنك آ + +ين از س كه + +پ ت سا زده را ’ A ’ يدكلكاربربالال شكدر ؛ ي كاربرط سوا مورد در ي شنهادپي.1 ل كش فيلد ل حم بهنما ن مكا ن آ از س پكهكندي م ص خ شم enter ن زد با را ا فيلده ورود اتمام كاربركهيدكنجه تو. ت سا شدهه شيدكبسمنا ن مكا 5.پرديم يبعد + +تعالااط نفر 20 از شتربيچهفترد از حهصفهر در + +نم تعالااط ط 20( + +خ + +تواندي م مهنابرحهصفكين شدپرت صوردر . كردوارد ن تواي ) باتواند ي م كاربر . يدبگيرظرن در بالال شك نندهما را ف حرو ي بندم سي تق و چهفترد ت حاصف تعداد . دهد ع لا اط كاربر بهي سبمنا م پيابا ’A-C’ حهصف، \(\rightarrow\) يدكلنزد با’V-Z’ حهصفنبودبازتصوردر كهشيدباشتهدا جهتو.كندتحركتحاصفنميا 6نپيكاياكليده .شوديم باز’V-Z’ حهصف\(،\leftarrow\) يدكلنزد با’A-C’ حهصفنبودبازتصوردر سلعكباو شوديم باز + +نكردوارد يبرايا جرهپن،’A’ يدكلنزد باتساشدهداده نشان1 لشكدر كهطور نهما :تعالااط يسازخيرهذ تبليقا .2 يسازخيرهذ بهلماي كاربراگركهيدكنجهتو.شوديم صخشم enter باعلااط هر نكردوارد اتمام.شوديم بازتعالااط + +1 Window(x1, y1, x2, y2) + +2 TextColor(color) + +3 TextbkColor(color) + +[^4]: Short keys + +5 Gotoxy(x,y) + +6 Arrow key diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7f757df3765dcaae45710b624bb76553ded10b50_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7f757df3765dcaae45710b624bb76553ded10b50_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..352385f5af9e4555faefe9e3e70b8b1b86fc3a16 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7f757df3765dcaae45710b624bb76553ded10b50_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/7fdd893376dc5416d936e33fc19829a7cd04e76a_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/7fdd893376dc5416d936e33fc19829a7cd04e76a_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f90bbd8b8d4d131f1d91a37b91385a3190bd891 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/7fdd893376dc5416d936e33fc19829a7cd04e76a_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +conducted at research institutions and the community’s and decision-makers’ needs. + +## Conclusions + +Despite the encouraging increase in the research output from Palestine over the last decades, there remains a weak association between research output and burden of disease. NCDs (e.g. CVD and cancer) receive much less attention by researchers despite accounting for most of the disease burden in Palestine. National research priority-setting should be developed to meet the Palestinian community’s need for quality evidence to establish independent and informed health policies. + +## Acknowledgements + +Not applicable. + +## Funding + +This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. + +## Availability of data and materials + +The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. + +## Authors’ contributions + +LA, KE, and NA conceived the idea. LA searched the literature from electronic databases. LA, KE, and NA participated in data screening, extraction and quality assessment. LA analysed the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors provided critical comments and contributed to the interpretation of analysed results. All authors read and approved the draft. LA is the guarantor of the study. + +## Ethics approval and consent to participate + +Not applicable. + +## Consent for publication + +Not applicable. + +## Competing interests + +The authors declare that they have no competing interests. + +# Publisher’s Note + +Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. + +## Author details + +1Centre for Research in Evidence Based Practice (CREBP), Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia. 2Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University, Gaza, Palestine. 3Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, West Bank, Palestine. + +## Received: 5 September 2017 Accepted: 28 February 2018 + +## References + +1. World Bank Definition of MENA: Middle East and North Africa. http://www. worldbank.org/en/region/mena. Accessed 9 Mar 2018. + +2. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics: Main Statistical Indicators in the West + +Bank and Gaza Strip. 2015. http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_Rainbow/ StatInd/StatisticalMainIndicators_E.htm. Accessed 9 Mar 2018. + +3. Husseini A, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Mikki N, Ramahi TM, Ghosh HA, Barghuthi N, Khalili M, Bjertness E, Holmboe-Ottesen G, Jervell J. Cardiovascular diseases, + +diabetes mellitus, and cancer in the occupied Palestinian territory. Lancet. 2009;373:1041–9. + +4. + +Maziak W. The crisis of health in a crisis ridden region. Int J Public Health. 2009;54:349–55. + +5. + +Rottingen JA, Regmi S, Eide M, Young AJ, Viergever RF, Ardal C, Guzman J, Edwards D, Matlin SA, Terry RF. Mapping of available health research and development data: what’s there, what’s missing, and what role is there for a global observatory? Lancet. 2013;382:1286–307. + +6. + +Chalmers I, Glasziou P. Avoidable waste in the production and reporting of research evidence. Lancet. 2009;374:86–9. + +7. + +Rudan I, Kapiriri L, Tomlinson M, Balliet M, Cohen B, Chopra M. Evidence-based priority setting for health care and research: tools to support policy in maternal, neonatal, and child health in Africa. PLoS Med. 2010;7:e1000308. + +8. + +Viergever RF. The mismatch between the health research and development (R&D) that is needed and the R&D that is undertaken: an overview of the problem, the causes, and solutions. Glob Health Action. 2013;6:22450. + +9. + +Emdin CA, Odutayo A, Hsiao AJ, Shakir M, Hopewell S, Rahimi K, Altman DG. Association between randomised trial evidence and global burden of disease: cross sectional study (Epidemiological Study of Randomized Trials–ESORT). BMJ. 2015;350:h117. + +10. + +Albarqouni L, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Elessi K, Obeidallah M, Bjertness E, Chalmers I. The quality of reports of medical and public health research from Palestinian institutions: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e016455. + +11. + +Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;386:743–800. + +Study designs. http://www.cebm.net/study-designs/. Accessed 9 Mar 2018. + +12. + +13. + +GBD Compare Data Visualization. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbdcompare/. Accessed 9 Mar 2018. + +14. + +Perel P, Miranda JJ, Ortiz Z, Casas JP. Relation between the global burden of disease and randomized clinical trials conducted in Latin America published in the five leading medical journals. PLoS One. 2008;3:e1696. + +15. + +Viergever RF, Terry RF, Karam G. Use of data from registered clinical trials to identify gaps in health research and development. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91:416–425C. + +16. + +Isaakidis P, Swingler GH, Pienaar E, Volmink J, Ioannidis JP. Relation between burden of disease and randomised evidence in sub-Saharan Africa: survey of research. BMJ. 2002;324:702. + +17. + +Maher D, Smeeth L, Sekajugo J. Health transition in Africa: practical policy proposals for primary care. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88:943–8. + +18. + +Maher D, Sekajugo J. Research on health transition in Africa: time for action. Health Res Policy Syst. 2011;9:5. + +19. + +Sibai AM, Singh NV, Jabbour S, Saleh S, Abdulrahim S, Naja F, Yazbek S. Does published research on non-communicable disease (NCD) in Arab countries reflect NCD disease burden? PLoS One. 2017;12:e0178401. + +20. + +Stuckler D, King L, Robinson H, McKee M. WHO’s budgetary allocations and burden of disease: a comparative analysis. Lancet. 2008;372:1563–9. + +21. + +Gross CP, Anderson GF, Powe NR. The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1881–7. + +22. + +Sridhar D. Who sets the global health research agenda? The challenge of multi-bi financing. PLoS Med. 2012;9:e1001312. + +23. + +Ijsselmuiden C, Jacobs M. Health research for development: making health research work... for everyone. Scand J Public Health. 2005;33:329–33. + +24. + +Gonzalez-Block MA. Health policy and systems research agendas in developing countries. Health Res Policy Syst. 2004;2:6. + +25. + +McGregor S, Henderson KJ, Kaldor JM. How are health research priorities set in low and middle income countries? A systematic review of published reports. PLoS One. 2014;9:e108787. + +26. + +Hanney SR, Grant J, Wooding S, Buxton MJ. Proposed methods for reviewing the outcomes of health research: the impact of funding by the UK’s ‘Arthritis Research Campaign’. Health Res Policy Syst. 2004;2:4. + +27. + +Crowe S, Fenton M, Hall M, Cowan K, Chalmers I. Patients’, clinicians’ and the research communities’ priorities for treatment research: there is an important mismatch. Res Involv Engagem. 2015;1:2. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/8063d40c50199f37405b48fbc93af2386abe6d09_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/8063d40c50199f37405b48fbc93af2386abe6d09_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a20df6750d3c30a27ecdc9d9a36474a9f9cbdce --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/8063d40c50199f37405b48fbc93af2386abe6d09_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +স্মারক নং-খুপ্রবি/অর্থওহিসাব/.....৬৩২ + +তারিখ ২৮/0২/২0২৩ + +বিজ্ঞপ্তি + +অত্র বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের সম্মানিত শিক্ষক ও কর্মকর্তাদের অবগতির জন্য জানানো যাচ্ছে যে, ফেব্রুয়ারী'২0২1 মাসের বেতন বিল KUET Domain এর স্ব-স্ব ই-মেইলে প্রেরণ করা হয়েছে। উক্ত বেতন বিল স্মাক্রের পূর্বক সফট কপি শুধুমাত্র কম্পট্রোলার, খুলনা প্রকৌশল ও প্রযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের অফিসিয়াল ই-মেইলে (comptroller@kuet.ac.bd) অথবা হার্ড কপি সরাসরি কম্পট্রোলার এর দপ্তরে আগামী ২২/0২/২0২1 ইং তারিখের মধ্যে জমা প্রদান করার জন্য অনুরোধ করা হলো। উল্লেখ্য যদি কেউ তাঁর ই-মেইলে ফেব্রুয়ারী'২0২1 মাসের বেতন বিল না পেয়ে থাকেন বা বেতন বিলে কোন অসংগতি বা কোন প্রশ্ন থাকলে শিক্ষকগণ সহকারী কম্পট্রোলার, রনজিত রায় (মোবাইল নং-01922-326088), অডিট এ্যান্ড অ্যাকাউন্টস্ অফিসার এস, এম সাজ্জাদ হোসেন (মোবাইল নং-01983-525052) এবং কর্মকর্তাগণ অ্যাকাউন্টস্ অফিসার, আফরোজ আহমেদ (মোবাইল নং-01720-584289) এর সাথে যোগাযোগ করার জন্য অনুরোধ করা হলো। নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের মধ্যে স্মাক্রিত বেতন বিল না পাওয়া গেলে ফেব্রুয়ারী'২0২1 মাসের বেতন-ভাতাদি পরিশোধ করা সম্ভব হবে না। + +(মোঃ মনিরুল হক খান) +কম্পট্রোলার (ভারপ্রাপ্ত) +খুলনা প্রকৌশল ও প্রযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়। + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/844a5a24530584ea0d0b90aa085cd4d3a672d414_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/844a5a24530584ea0d0b90aa085cd4d3a672d414_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c4441f8a67d5551af9e1b7ac93d2712be79fa8f --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/844a5a24530584ea0d0b90aa085cd4d3a672d414_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +stability. Even though this book only details lim ited asp ects of 1920s and 1930s Europ ean cinem a, it nevertheless focuses on how knowledge was produced and dissem inated, how processes of institution building and stabilization took hold, how different temp oralregisters led to (productive) m isunderstandings and adaptive behaviour, why sp ecific initiatives proved to be successful while others vanished (almost) without a trace. The way in which this volume proposes to understand the 1930s is to see the decade as the ‘incubator’ of developm ents that becam e influential much later. Many of today’s insights and critical m ethodologies in film and m edia studies can be traced back to ideas and argum ents in 1930s Europ e, and their rivalling and often mutually exclusive claim s continue to shap e critical debates to this very day. David Bordwell’s and Kristin Thomp son’s neo-form alist approach, for example, combines a psychologicalGestalt theory influenced by Rudolf Arnheim and others with Russian neo-form alist vocabulary and an attention to the intricacies of montage as learned from Eisenstein and Vertov. Equally, much of current m edia theory is unthinkable without Walter Benjam in’s and Siegfried Kracauer’s interventions which took shap e through their encounter with 1920s alternative film culture. In particular, Kracauer’s model of writing a national history of Germ an cinem a, and Benjam in’s approach to the m ediality of film, have provided the classicaltemplates for num erous subsequent analyses.8 On a general level, this book is concerned with the m igration and traffic of im ages, ideas and p eople within the institution cinem a in its widestsense. This is ofcourse atopicthatis alltoo fam iliarand current, as we today partake in the globalcirculation of film im ages via digital networks. In this sense, the collection can be understood as a genealogicalinvestigation into how certain practices, institutions and assumptions took hold in the 1930s on a transnationallevel. Butwe should not lump allinstances of bordercrossing togetherundera single term, but instead differentiate between phases and usages. Dudley Andrew has, in a discussion of contemp orary film culture, prop osed a historical schem a of how the ‘vast geographical flow of im ages, as well as the tim e-lag that inevitably accompanies it’ has passed through various phases since the beginnings of film in the late nineteenth century. For him an ontological slippage lies at the heart of cinem a, a ‘décalage ... between “here and there” and “now and then”’9 that distinguishes cinem a from television with its incessant liveness and direct address. Whether one wants to follow Andrew in his Bazinian m edia ontology or not, an outline of five phases through which the cinem a has passed diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/848067e3a69754666b5fe3f152a5245d25041c32_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/848067e3a69754666b5fe3f152a5245d25041c32_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1be6ca6ad05777b34198e1215dca832246ead262 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/848067e3a69754666b5fe3f152a5245d25041c32_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +### 2.2 Controle por avan¸co e/ou atraso de fase usando LGR + +Discretize a função de transferência (1). O objetivo é projetar um sistema de controle de posição de modo que requisitos como sobressinal e instante de pico sejam atendidos. O erro estacionário deve ser nulo para entrada degrau (e onda quadrada). O controlador deve ser do tipo avanço e/ou atraso de fase. O projeto deve ser feito utilizando o método do lugar geométrico das raıźes. O peŕıodo de amostragem deve ser compat´ıvel com a planta e com os requisitos de projeto escolhidos. Utilize um limitador de tensão no Simulink na sáıda do controlador (ou na entrada da planta) para evitar sobretens˜ao no motor ou que o carro patine no trilho. + +### 2.3 Sistema de controle com resposta deatbeat + +Discretize a função de transferência (1) e projete um controlador de modo que o sistema em malha fechada tenha resposta deadbeat para entrada degrau (e onda quadrada). Verifique se a ação de controle ultrapassa o valor máximo de tensão que o motor pode suportar. Nesse caso, refa¸ca o projeto aumentando o tempo necessário para que o erro passe a ser nulo e verifique novamente se a ação de controle pode ser implementada. Ao implementar o controlador, limite a tensão na sáıda do controlador (ou na entrada da planta) para evitar sobretens˜ao no motor ou que o carro patine no trilho. + +### 2.4 Controle PI no espaço de estados + +Discretize a descrição de estados (2). Para implementar a ação integral aumente a planta como explicado na seção 6-7 do livro Ogata. Projete uma realimentação de estados para o sistema escolhendo autovalores que garantam um desempenho especificado para resposta transitória e estacionária. Se necessário, projete um estimador de estados. Verifique se ação de controle ultrapassa o limite do motor e, nesse caso, reveja as especificações do projeto. Implemente o controlador com limitação de tensão na sáıda (ou na entrada da planta) para evitar sobretens˜ao no motor ou que o carro patine no trilho. + +## 3 Outras informações + +Todas as aulas a partir de 28/05 serão no Laboratório de Controle (SG-11). A presen¸ca nos dias e horários de aula designados para seu grupo é obrigatória e contabilizada na frequência. A chamada será feita depois de 10 minutos do inıćio horário designado e os alunos deverão permanecer durante todo o peŕıodo. Os grupos devem ter 2 alunos1. Não está prevista a utiliza¸cão do laboratório fora do horário de aula. Recomenda-se, portanto, uma boa programação para utiliza¸cão do tempo. O relat´orio deve ter resumo, introdução, modelagem (e identificação de parâmetros), projeto, resultados (de simula¸cão e experimentais), conclusões e bibliografia. Deve ter informações suficientes para que outro aluno da disciplina possa reproduzir o experimento e obter os mesmos resultados. Todas as escolhas, como de peŕıodo de amostragem ou especificações de projeto, devem ser justificadas. A data de entrega do relat´orio é 04/07. Os projetos deverão ser apresentados por todos os grupos nas aulas dos dias 04/07, 09/07 e 11/07. Na apresentação, todos os componentes do grupo serão questionados pelo professor e receberão notas individualmente. + +1Serão permitidos grupos de 3 alunos se todos os grupos j´a tiverem completos diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/8648fed4552bf9ea1643be2dcedb74f20b3a7a06_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/8648fed4552bf9ea1643be2dcedb74f20b3a7a06_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75f8f744aeb5956bbabcf02b776e774fa11ada36 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/8648fed4552bf9ea1643be2dcedb74f20b3a7a06_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## Report of the State Board of Education Committee of the Full Board July 20, 2016 + +The State Board of Education Committee of the Full Board met at 9:13 a.m. on Wednesday, July 20, 2016, in the State Board of Education Room, #1-104, of the William B. Travis Building, 1701 N. Congress Avenue, Austin, Texas. All members of the committee were present, as follows: + +David Bradley; + +Presiding: Donna Bahorich, chair; Lawrence A. Allen, Jr.; Erika Beltran; Barbara Cargill; Ruben Cortez, Jr.; Martha M. Dominguez; Pat Hardy; Tom Maynard; Sue Melton-Malone; Ken Mercer; Geraldine “Tincy” Miller; Marisa B. Perez; Thomas Ratliff; Marty Rowley + +# Public Testimony + +This item provides an opportunity for the public to present testimony at the time the related item comes up for committee discussion or action. The procedures for registering and taking public testimony at State Board of Education committee meetings and general board meetings are provided at http://tea.texas.gov/About_TEA/Leadership/State_Board_of_Education/SBOE_Meetings/SBOE_ Operating_Rules_Amended_4-17-15/ or in the information section (yellow pages) of the agenda. + +The Committee of the Full Board received no presentations of public testimony. + +Items were considered in the following order: Items #1 and #2; Wednesday’s Committee of the Full Board Item #4, Items #3 and #4; Item #7; Items #5, #8, and #6. + +# DISCUSSION ITEMS + +## 1. Comments from the Commissioner of Education and Commissioner of Higher Education + +# Concerning College Readiness Issues + +(Board agenda page I-55) + +Commissioner of Education Mike Morath and Commissioner of Higher Education Raymund A. Paredes discussed college readiness issues and related issues, such as teacher preparation and testing that can impact student’s preparation for higher education. + +## 2. Board Report on First Quarter 2016 Permanent School Fund Performance + +(Board agenda page I-57) + +Tom Heiner and Scott Berard of BNY Mellon Global and Risk Solutions, presented the first quarter of 2016 Permanent School Fund performance report. Mr. Heiner began with an overview of the U.S and foreign capital markets. Mr. Heiner then reviewed the performance of the Fund for the first quarter of 2016. He stated that the PSF returned 2.14% for the fourth quarter outperforming the target benchmark by 28 basis points. The Fund ranked in the 10th percentile or top quartile of the Mellon Universe of Public Funds greater than \$1.0 billion for the 3-month period ending March 30, 2016. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/87edbc40c9e3ddeba3df2d2881478a2443eb21f9_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/87edbc40c9e3ddeba3df2d2881478a2443eb21f9_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..686086bc7cdf385a0f53e7368c659cd3cdd65209 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/87edbc40c9e3ddeba3df2d2881478a2443eb21f9_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +![](figure) + +## Qu, Xiangyu + +# ✄ + +## Purely subjective extended Bayesian models with Knightian unambiguity. (English) Zbl 1378.91089 + +✂ ✁ + +Theory Decis. 79, No. 4, 547-571 (2015). + +Summary: This paper provides a model of belief representation in which ambiguity and unambiguity are endogenously distinguished in a purely subjective setting where objects of choices are, as usual, maps from states to consequences. Specifically, I first extend the maxmin expected utility theory and get a representation of beliefs such that the probabilistic beliefs over each ambiguous event are represented by a non-degenerate interval, while the ones over each unambiguous event are represented by a number. I then consider a class of the biseparable preferences. Two representation results are achieved and can be used to identify the unambiguity in the context of the biseparable preferences. Finally a subjective definition of ambiguity is suggested. It provides a choice theoretic foundation for the Knightian distinction between ambiguity and unambiguity. + +## MSC: + +| 91B16 | Utility theory | +| --- | --- | +| 91B06 | Decision theory | +| 91B08 | Individual preferences | + +# Keywords: + +# Knightian distinction; maxmin expected utility; biseparable preference; unambiguous event + +# Full Text: DOI + +# References: + +[1] + +Alon, S; Schmeidler, D, Purely subjective maxmin expected utility, Journal of Economic Theory, \(152,382-412,(2014)\cdot\) Zbl 1297.91066 · doi:10.1016/j.jet.2014.03.006 + +[2] + +Amarante, M; Filiz, E, Ambiguous events and maxmin expected utility, Journal of Economic Theory, \(134,1-33,(2007)\cdot\) Zbl 1156.91342 · doi:10.1016/j.jet.2005.12.009 + +[3] + +Anscombe, F; Aumann, R, A definition of subjective probability, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, \(34,199-205,(1963)\cdot\) Zbl 0114.07204 · doi:10.1214/aoms/1177704255 + +[4] + +Casadesus-Masanell, R; Klibanoff, P; Ozdenoren, E, Maxmin expected utility over savage acts with a set of priors, Journal of Economic Theory, \(92,35-65,(2000)\cdot\) Zbl 0980.91017 · doi:10.1006/jeth.1999.2630 + +[5] + +Cerreia-Vioglio, S; Ghirardato, P; Maccheroni, F; Marinacci, M; Siniscalchi, M, Rational preferences under ambiguity, Economic Theory, \(48,341-375,(2011)\cdot\) Zbl 1277.91018 · doi:10.1007/s00199-011-0643-5 + +[6] + +Chew, SH; Sagi, JS, Small worlds: modeling attitudes toward sources of uncertainty, Journal of Economic Theory, 139, 1-24, \((2008)\cdot\) Zbl 1132.91370 · doi:10.1016/j.jet.2007.07.004 + +[7] + +de Finetti, B. (1937). La prevision: Ses lois logiques, ses sources subjectives. \textit{Annales de l’ Institute Henri Poincare, \(7\},1-68.\cdot\) Zbl 63.1070.02 + +[8] + +Ellsberg, D. (1961). Risk, ambiguity, and the savage axioms. \textit{The Quarterly Journal of Economics}, \textit{75}(4), 643-669. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1884324. · Zbl 1280.91045 + +[9] + +Epstein, LG; Zhang, J, Subjective probabilities on subjectively unambiguous events, Econometrica, \(69,265-306,(2001)\cdot\) Zbl 1020.91048 · doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00193 + +[10] Ghirardato, P; Marinacci, M, Risk, ambiguity, and the separation of utility and beliefs, Mathematics of Operations Research, \(26,864-890,(2001)\cdot\) Zbl 1082.91513 · doi:10.1287/moor.26.4.864.10002 + +[11] Ghirardato, P; Marinacci, M, Ambiguity made precise: A comparative foundation, Journal of Economic Theory, 102, 251-289, \((2002)\cdot\) Zbl 1019.91015 · doi:10.1006/jeth.2001.2815 + +[12] Gilboa, I; Schmeidler, D, Maxmin expected utility with non-unique prior, Journal of Mathematical Economics, 18, 141-153, \((1989)\cdot\) Zbl 0675.90012 · doi:10.1016/0304-4068(89)90018-9 + +[13] Halevy, Y, Ellsberg revisited: an experimental study, Econometrica, \(75,503-536,(2007)\cdot\) Zbl 1132.91423 · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00755.x + +[14] Hong, CS; Karni, E, Choquet expected utility with a finite state space: commutativity and act-independence, Journal of Economic Theory, \(62,469-479,(1994)\cdot\) Zbl 0801.90011 · doi:10.1006/jeth.1994.1026 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/88c0a6de46af0801a76f854c55c7a8df2beb6ed3_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/88c0a6de46af0801a76f854c55c7a8df2beb6ed3_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8d7135676d41970edb9838f6509e185c42c8569 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/88c0a6de46af0801a76f854c55c7a8df2beb6ed3_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +![](figure) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
TM FinanceNYC DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE ● PAYMENT OPERATIONS DIVISION
EXEMPTION & ABATEMENT APPLICATION FOR OWNERS
Mail to: NYC Department of Finance, P.O. Box 3120, Church Street Station, New York, NY 10008-3120. Fax to: 212-361-7799
Instructions: Owners are eligible for several exemption programs that will reduce their property taxes. This application can be used to apply for the following exemption programs: Basic and Enhanced STAR (School Tax Relief), the Senior Citizen, Veteran, Disabled, and Clergy exemp- tions and the Co-op/Condo abatement program. Read the instructions carefully for further information on how to complete this application.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SECTION I - OWNER INFORMATION
List the names of all owners of the property, as shown on the deed or proprietary lease, or, if applicable, the owner(s) of a life estate in the property. Attach a separate sheet if the property has more than two owners.
BASICANDENHANCEDSTAR1. Owner #1ʼs Name: a. _________________________________ b. ____________________________________ FIRST NAME LAST NAME c. Is this Owner #1ʼs primary residence? ❑ YES ❑ NO d. Social Security #: e. Date of Birth: MM DD YY f. ❑ Check here if the applicant is the owner of a life estate in the property. 2. Owner #2ʼs Name: a. ________________________________ b. ____________________________________ FIRST NAME LAST NAME c. Is this Owner #2ʼs primary residence? ❑ YES ❑ NO d. Social Security #: e. Date of Birth: MM DD YY f. ❑ Check here if the applicant is the owner of a life estate in the property. 3. Are owners #1 and #2 husband and wife, siblings or registered domestic partners? ❑ YES ❑ NO
+ +# SECTION II - PROPERTY INFORMATION + +1. Address: a. __________ b. _______________________________________ c._______________ HOUSE # + +STREET NAME + +APT. # + +2. Borough: ______________ 3. Block #: _________ 4. Lot #:_________ 5. Zip Code: ___________ + +6. When did you purchase your property? + + 7. ❑ I am filing for an exemption + +MM + +DD + +YY + +8. ❑ I am filing for a co-op/condo abatement + +9. If the property is in a cooperative development, how many shares does the apartment contain? ________ + +10. Management Company/Agent Contact Information: + +## Daytime + +a.___________________________________ b. Telephone Number: ______________________ + +NAME OF MANAGEMENT COMPANY + +c. __________ d. _________________________________ e. Zip Code: __________________ + +HOUSE # + +STREET NAME diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/8ac1da6f81224e0e6ddc208cd4f0ca158f1f567c_page_14_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/8ac1da6f81224e0e6ddc208cd4f0ca158f1f567c_page_14_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f5cc19c3357bdf62ca6f76ae20109e84a086688 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/8ac1da6f81224e0e6ddc208cd4f0ca158f1f567c_page_14_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# LITERATURE CITED + +COVE, D., P.-F. PERROUD, A. CHARRON, S. MCDANIEL, A. KHANDELWAL, AND R. QUATRANO. 2009. The moss Physcomitrella patens: A novel model system for plant development and genomic studies, Emerging Model Organisms. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, New York, USA. + +COX, C. J., B. GOFFINET, N. J. WICKETT, S. B. BOLES, AND A. J. SHAW. 2010. Moss diversity: A molecular phylogenetic analysis of genera. Phytotaxa 9: 175–195. + +GOFFINET, B., N. J. WICKETT, O. WERNER, R. M. ROS, A. J. SHAW, AND C. J. COX. 2007. Distribution and phylogenetic significance of the 71-kb inversion in the plastid genome in Funariidae (Bryophyta). Annals of Botany 99: 747–753. + +KENT, W. J. 2002. BLAT—The BLAST-Like Alignment Tool. Genome Research 12: 656–664. + +LIBRADO, P., AND J. ROZAS. 2009. DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25: 1451–1452. + +MCDANIEL, S. F., AND A. J. SHAW. 2005. Selective sweeps and intercontinental migration in the cosmopolitan moss Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. Molecular Ecology 14: 1121–1132. + +MCDANIEL, S. F., J. H. WILLIS, AND A. J. SHAW. 2007. A linkage map reveals a complex basis for segregation distortion in an interpopulation cross in the moss Ceratodon purpureus. Genetics 176: 2489–2500. + +MCDANIEL, S. F., J. H. WILLIS, AND A. J. SHAW. 2008. The genetic basis of developmental abnormalities in interpopulation hybrids of the moss Ceratodon purpureus. Genetics 179: 1425–1435. + +MCDANIEL, S. F., M. VON STACKELBERG, S. RICHARDT, R. S. QUATRANO, R. RESKI, AND S. A. RENSING. 2010. The speciation history of the Physcomitrium–Physcomitrella species complex. Evolution 64: 217–231. + +ROZEN, S., AND H. J. SKALETSKY. 2000. Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. In S. Misener and S. A. Krawetz [eds.], Methods in molecular biology, vol. 132: Bioinformatics methods and protocols, 365–386. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, USA. + +STECH, M., AND D. QUANDT. 2010. 20,000 species and five key markers: The status of molecular bryophyte phylogenetics. Phytotaxa 9: 196–228. + +VANDERPOORTEN, A., AND A. J. SHAW. 2010. The application of molecular data to the phylogenetic delimitation of species in bryophytes: A note of caution. Phytotaxa 9: 229–237. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/8b67e2852f6934f436fb30be6fb7bb0ace3b7429_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/8b67e2852f6934f436fb30be6fb7bb0ace3b7429_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd96282d177f2e272374c1a70a60545a8710ead7 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/8b67e2852f6934f436fb30be6fb7bb0ace3b7429_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +DIAS, F. C.; BEHLING, M.; OLIVEIRA, J. A.; MELO, M. P.; MAZUR, N.; AMARAL SOBRINHO, N. M.; OLIVEIRA, C. Alterações da acidez do solo tratado com resíduos industriais. In: CONGRESSO DE PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA DA UFRuralRJ, 2., 2004, Seropédica, RJ. Anais... Seropédica: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2004. v. 2, n. 1, p.11-15. Área de Agronomia. + +EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA (EMBRAPA). Centro Nacional de Pesquisas em solos. Manual de métodos de análise de solos. Rio de Janeiro, 1997. 212 p. + +FARIA, J. M. R.; DAVIDE, A. C.; BOTELHO, S. A. Comportamento de espécies florestais em área degradada, com duas adubações de plantio. Cerne, v. 3, n. 1, 1997. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 13/03/2005. + +FRANCO, A. A.; CAMPELLO, E. F.; SILVA, E. M. R.; FARIA, S. M. Revegetação de solos degradados. Seropédica: Empresa Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Agrobiologia (EMBRAPA-CNPAB), 1992. 8 p. (Comunicado Técnico, n. 9). + +FREIRE, L. R.; BLOISE, R. M.; MOREIRA, G. N. C.; EIRA, P. A. Análise química do solo. In: DE-POLLI, H. (Coord.); ALMEIDA, D. L.; SANTOS, G. A.; CUNHA, L. C.; FREIRE, L. R.; AMARAL SOBRINHO, N. M. B.; PEREIRA, N. N. C.; EIRA, P. A.; BLOISE, R. M.; SALEK, R. C. Manual de adubação para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Itaguaí, RJ: Editora Universidade Rural, 1988. p.24-37. (Coleção Universidade Rural. Ciências Agrária, n. 2). + +GERDEMANN, J. W.; NICOLSON, T. H. Spores of mycorrhizal endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Transactions of British Mycological Society, [S.l.], v. 46, p. 235-244, 1963. + +GIOVANETTI, M.; MOSSE, B. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytologist, New York, v. 64, n. 3, p. 489-500, 1980. + +GONÇALVES, J. L. M.; NOGUEIRA JÚNIOR, L. R.; DUCATTI, F. Recuperação de solos degradados. In: KAGEYAMA, P. Y.; OLIVEIRA, R. E.; MORAES, L. F. D.; ENGEL, V. L.; GANDARA, F. B. (Orgs.). Restauração ecológica de ecossistemas naturais. Botucatu: FEPAF, 2003. + +p. 111-163. + +GRACE, C.; STRIBLEY, D. P. A safer procedure for routine staining of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycological Research, Cambridge, v. 95, p. 1160-1162, 1991. + +HAY, J. D.; LACERDA, L. D. Ciclagem de nutrientes do ecossistema de Restinga. In: LACERDA, L. D.; ARAÚJO, D. S. D.; TURCQ, B. (Orgs.) Restingas: origens, estrutura, processos. Niterói: CEUFF, 1984. p. 459-475. + +HUNGRIA, M.; ARAÚJO, R. S. (Eds.). Manual de métodos empregados em estudos de microbiologia agrícola. EMBRAPA: Brasília, DF, 1994. 525 p. + +JESUS, R. M.; ROLIM, S. G. Experiências relevantes na restauração da Mata Atlântica. In: GALVÃO, A. P. M.; PORFÍRIO-DA-SILVA, V. (Eds.). Restauração Florestal: fundamentos e estudos de caso. Colombo: EMBRAPA Florestas, 2005. p. 59-86. + +KAGEYAMA, P. Y.; GANDARA, F. B. Resultados do programa de restauração com espécies arbóreas nativas do convênio ESALQ / USP e CESP. In: GALVÃO, A. P. M.; PORFÍRIO-DA-SILVA, V. (Eds.). Restauração Florestal: fundamentos e estudos de caso. Colombo: EMBRAPA Florestas, 2005. + +p. 47-58. + +KAHILUOTO, H.; VESTBERG, M. Creation of a non-mycorrhizal control for a bioassay of AM: Benomyl application and soil sampling time. Mycorrhiza, [S.l.] , n. 9, p. 259-270, 2000. + +KOSKE, R. E.; GEMMA, J. N. A modified procedure for staining roots to detect VA mycorrhizas. Mycological Research, Cambridge, v. 92, p. 486-488, 1989. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/8dcbce41908541abaf65e574b852b0e89445f75f_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/8dcbce41908541abaf65e574b852b0e89445f75f_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aac58b93f16c0c314cdfd4935710dd5f1e14ea29 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/8dcbce41908541abaf65e574b852b0e89445f75f_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +warmed laminate 19 is then placed between cold opposing dies 200a, 200b (that is, at a temperature of from about \(40^{\circ}F\) (4.4°C) to about \(60^{\circ}F\) (15.6°C)) in a mold, see Figs. 6A and 6B, or other cold shaping tool. The dies 200a, 200b are capable of moving relative to each other between open (Figure 6A) and closed (Figure 6B) positions (see action arrows in Figs. 6A and 6B). Each mold half is connected to a hydraulic or pneumatic press or like motive device capable of moving these halves, and hence, the dies 200a, 200b towards each other. + +When the dies 200a, 200b are brought together by the press, the laminate 19 is thus compressed or compacted in a first section to a first thickness \(T_1\) of from about 0.25 mm to about 3 mm so as to form the first region 28, yet is preferably only compressed in a second section to a second thickness \(T_2\) of from about 0.8 mm to about 19 mm so as to form the second region 30. The compressed laminate 19 along with fabric layer 40 and vinyl or leather layer 42 comprise the integral unit 10. + +A multi-layer substrate 190, formed in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention and adapted to be used to form a vehicle trim panel/radiator element integral unit, is illustrated in Fig. 7, where like reference numerals indicate like elements. The substrate 190 comprises a core layer 22 and first and second outer layers 240 and 250. Only a single outer layer 240 or 250 is provided on each side of the core layer 22. The first and second outer layers 240 and 250 are preferably of a greater thickness than any one of outer layers 24-27 of the Fig. 3 embodiment so as to give the substrate 190 and resulting vehicle trim panel/radiator element integral unit sufficient strength. For example, each outer layer 240 and 250 may comprise six layers such as first, third, fourth and sixth layers 230, 232, 233 and 235 formed from polyethylene and having the same density and thickness as each polyethylene layer in the Fig. 4A embodiment and further comprise second and fifth glass veil or carbon fiber mat layers 231 and 234, which are of the same density and thickness as the glass veil or carbon fiber mat layer in the Fig. 4A embodiment. + +The substrate 19 or 190 may also be formed of a size sufficient to allow it to be molded into a headliner 90, see Fig. 8, or other vehicle component, such as a trunk liner (not shown). The headliner 90 is molded so as to have at least one first region 28 having a first thickness \(T_1\) and defining a radiator element 28a and a second region 30 having a second thickness \(T_2\) , which is greater than the first thickness \(T_1\) . The first region(s) 28 + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/8dd368bdc21fd4e5a9839303508aa451f18a0c06_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/8dd368bdc21fd4e5a9839303508aa451f18a0c06_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..befd08cbab6baccfe7f21d5a9b1e36ba820fb46e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/8dd368bdc21fd4e5a9839303508aa451f18a0c06_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## Product Specification + +## FERRIC CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS + +#### PRD-NO.: 30042332 + +## 1. General + +This product is produced by BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany. BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany is certified according to ISO 9001. + +Appearance: Chemical Name: CAS-Nr.: EINECS-Nr.: + +## 2. Properties + +dark green to black crystalline powder ferric chloride, FeCl3 7705-08-0 231-729-4 + +| Parameter | Unit | Specification | Test method | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | +| FeCl3 | g/100g | min. 98.7 | Calculated | +| Fe (total) | g/100g | min. 34.0 | ICP/AES | +| Fe (II) | g/100g | max. 0.3 | Titration | +| Insolubles | g/100g | max.0.2 | Gravimetry | +| As | mg/kg | max.10 | AAS | +| Cr | mg/kg | max.500 | ICP/AES | +| Cu | mg/kg | max.120 | ICP/AES | +| Mn | g/100g | max.0.2 | ICP/AES | +| Ni | mg/kg | max.300 | ICP/AES | +| Pb | mg/kg | max. 10 | ICP/AES | +| Zn | mg/kg | max. 400 | ICP/AES | + +The aforementioned data shall constitute the agreed contractual quality of the product at the time of passing of risk. The data are controlled at regular intervals as part of our quality assurance program. Neither these data nor the properties of product specimens shall imply any legally binding guarantee of certain properties or of fitness for a specific purpose. No liability of ours can be derived therefrom. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/8e9534831a9bffe85686f6c4f18d23fe1b08f1cd_page_21_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/8e9534831a9bffe85686f6c4f18d23fe1b08f1cd_page_21_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9171306160822a50d98b6d2319d020bbdf73e46 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/8e9534831a9bffe85686f6c4f18d23fe1b08f1cd_page_21_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Part VType III Non-Functionally Integrated 509(a)(3) Supporting Organizations (continued)
Section D - DistributionsCurrent Year
1 Amounts paid to supported organizations to accomplish exempt purposes1
2 Amounts paid to perform activity that directly furthers exempt purposes of supported organizations, in excess of income from activity2
3 Administrative expenses paid to accomplish exempt purposes of supported organizations3
4 Amounts paid to acquire exempt-use assets4
5 Qualified set-aside amounts (prior IRS approval required - provide details in Part VI )5
6 Other distributions ( describe in Part VI ). See instructions.6
7 Total annual distributions. Add lines 1 through 6.7
8 Distributions to attentive supported organizations to which the organization is responsive ( provide details in Part VI ). See instructions.8
9 Distributable amount for 2022 from Section C, line 69
10 Line 8 amount divided by line 9 amount10
Section E - Distribution Allocations (see instructions)(i) Excess Distributions(ii) Underdistributions Pre-2022(iii) Distributable Amount for 2022
1 Distributable amount for 2022 from Section C, line 6
2 Underdistributions, if any, for years prior to 2022 (reason- able cause required - explain in Part VI ). See instructions.
3 Excess distributions carryover, if any, to 2022
a From 2017
b From 2018
c From 2019
d From 2020
e From 2021
f Total of lines 3a through 3e
g Applied to underdistributions of prior years
h Applied to 2022 distributable amount
i Carryover from 2017 not applied (see instructions)
j Remainder. Subtract lines 3g, 3h, and 3i from line 3f.
4 Distributions for 2022 from Section D, line 7: $
a Applied to underdistributions of prior years
b Applied to 2022 distributable amount
c Remainder. Subtract lines 4a and 4b from line 4.
5 Remaining underdistributions for years prior to 2022, if any. Subtract lines 3g and 4a from line 2. For result greater than zero, explain in Part VI. See instructions.
6 Remaining underdistributions for 2022. Subtract lines 3h and 4b from line 1. For result greater than zero, explain in Part VI . See instructions.
7 Excess distributions carryover to 2023. Add lines 3j and 4c.
8 Breakdown of line 7:
a Excess from 2018
b Excess from 2019
c Excess from 2020
d Excess from 2021
e Excess from 2022
diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/8f76c6efece2375ffc5b27d6b82d081d5ab52b3b_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/8f76c6efece2375ffc5b27d6b82d081d5ab52b3b_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4579b6790c3ceea06ee2f002aca7f38ddd421eed --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/8f76c6efece2375ffc5b27d6b82d081d5ab52b3b_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +EXPLORER. It had been interrupted because of the higher priority of the LHC cost overrun discussions. The Research Board agreed to restart this procedure starting with L3+C at the next Research Board. The next meeting of the Research Board will take place on + +## Thursday, 12 September 2002. + +## ENCLOSURES + +[1] Minutes of the 12th INTC meeting held on 13 May 2002 (INTC 2002-026/INTC 12) + +[2] Minutes of the 58th LHCC meeting held on 15-16 May 2002 (LHCC 2002-019/LHCC 58) + +[3] Minutes of the 58th SPSC meeting held on 21 May 2002 (SPSC 2002-022/SPSC 58) + +# REFERENCES + +[ 1] Minutes of the 157th meeting of the Research Board held on 11 March 2002 (CERN/DG/RB 2001-332, M157) + +[ 2] Minutes of the 158th meeting of the Research Board held on 11 April 2002 (CERN/DG/RB 2001-335, M158) + +[ 3] Neutron Cross Sections for the Pb Isotopes Implications for ADS and Nucleosynthesis (INTC 2001-020/P142) + +[ 4] Measurements of fission cross sections for the isotopes relevant to the Thorium fuel cycle (INTC 2001-025/P145) + +[ 5] Measurement of the neutron capture cross sections of 232Th, 231Pa, 234U and 236U; (INTC 2002-013/P154) + +[ 6] An Energy Upgrade of REX-Isolde to 3.1 MeV/u and Acceleration of Heavier Masses up to A=150 (INTC 2002-009/P152) + +[ 7] Fusion Reactions at the Coulomb Barrier with Neutron-rich Mg Isotopes (INTC 2002-014/P155) + +[ 8] Evolution of single particle and collective properties in the neutron-rich Mg isotopes (INTC 2002-020/P159) + +[ 9] Summary, plan and resources of RD39 projects (LHCC 2002-015, Status Report/ RD39 1) + +[10] Development of radiation hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders (LHCC 2002-003/P6) + +[11] Status Report on the NA60 Pixel Detector Project (SPSC 2002-024/M689) + +[12] Status Report of the HARP experiment (SPSC 2002-019/M685) + +[13] Future plans; The DIRAC Collaboration (SPSC 2002-018/M684) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/8fda461ea4594faaf9fb56c0205b39a3db804152_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/8fda461ea4594faaf9fb56c0205b39a3db804152_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7582d44201919768d126e2ceba9a16455b32964e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/8fda461ea4594faaf9fb56c0205b39a3db804152_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +# Associate Degree Programs (2 years) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Programs Chinese LanguageField of Study Business Society Tourism Secretarial SkillsMain Courses
Business Chinese ConversationEconomic News Reading
Chinese Human GeographyFacts about Modern China (Economy)
News ListeningChinese Culture
Computerized Chinese Editing
Basic Journalistic ChineseTopical Conversation
Chinese Human GeographyFacts about Modern China (Society)
News ListeningChinese Culture
Computerized Chinese Editing
Chinese Human GeographyChinese Culture
Cultural Exchange between China and Other CountriesListening to Chinese Live
Audio-Visual and Spoken ChineseTopical Conversation
Computerized Chinese Editing
Practical Grammar AnalysisBasic Chinese Writing
Basic Journalistic ChineseChinese Reading
Audio-Visual and Spoken ChineseChinese Culture
Computerized Chinese Editing
+ +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/9009e616cdc218f4e98d0d10b13be64702f54269_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/9009e616cdc218f4e98d0d10b13be64702f54269_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..065580d3fc3009a98eeac57b06de37b5b224e453 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/9009e616cdc218f4e98d0d10b13be64702f54269_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# Use of Technology as a Solution to the Problems Faced in Literacy Education by the Teachers of the Hearing Impaired: ISITEK Project + +## UMIT GIRGIN + +Department of Special Education Anadolu University Anadolu University Faculty of Education Eskisehir TURKEY ugirgin@anadolu.edu.tr + +## AHMET NACI COKLAR + +Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technologies Selcuk University Selcuk University Faculty of Education Konya TURKEY ahmetcoklar@hotmail.com + +## A. ASKIM KURT + +Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technologies Anadolu University Anadolu University Faculty of Education Eskisehir TURKEY aakurt@anadolu.edu.tr + +## H. FERHAN ODABASI + +Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technologies Anadolu University Anadolu University Faculty of Education Eskisehir TURKEY fodabasi@anadolu.edu.tr http://home.anadolu.edu.tr/~fodabasi + +Abstract: - Special education aims to view the society as a whole, and offer the individuals the opportunity to live on an equal basis in the society by correcting the deficiencies. The sound need of hearing impaired individuals can be met with different elements by using technology in the education of the hearing impaired, which is a kind of special education. In this study, a project proposal (ISITEK) which helps the teachers of the hearing impaired to solve the problems they face in teaching literacy with computer and internet technologies, and involves the participation of experts from different disciplines is described. + +Key-Words: - Hearing impaired individuals, Literacy education, Special education, Use of technology in Special Education + +## 1 Introduction + +When people in the society are asked “What makes a teacher competent?” various answers can be heard because of their past experiences or roles such as parenting. The answer to the question with regard to the competences of a good teacher is expressed according to these competencies actually. The answer of this question was also explored with scientific researches. It is notable that teacher competence is divided into two categories: personal teacher competence and general teacher competence [1, 2]. However, Turkish National Ministry of Education has categorized teacher competence into three such as general knowledge (personal), education (general teacher), and field knowledge (major) [3]. The competences determined by ministry of education are presented in Table 1 below. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/911b693208d793ae2d4acb6669bf7e7954636678_page_64_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/911b693208d793ae2d4acb6669bf7e7954636678_page_64_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19f1aea4054500ad376dd265deadbf972e185089 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/911b693208d793ae2d4acb6669bf7e7954636678_page_64_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Provisional assembly and analysis of two Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum genomes derived from independent new zealand sources + +### Sarah Thompson + +The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited sarah.thompson@plantandfood.co.nz + +Sarah Thompson, Mark Fiers, Andrew Pitman, Ian Scott, Grant Smith + +TheNew Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Gerald Street, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand + +The unculturable α-proteobacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) is associated with Zebra Chip, an important emerging disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum). This phloem-limited bacterium, transmitted by the tomato-potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli, was first identified in 2008 and is related to the Ca. Liberibacter species implicated in Huanglongbing (citrus greening), currently considered the most serious and destructive disease of citrus in the world. Two New Zealand CLso genomes have been provisionally assembled against the 1.26 Mbp genome of a USA isolate of CLso obtained from psyllids infesting potatoes (CLso-ZC1). The two independent New Zealand sources were a single psyllid from a colony which originated from insects collected from tamarillo (NZCLso-TPP), and a CLso infected tomato plant (NZCLso-Tom). Preliminary analysis of the genome alignments revealed that, despite being sourced from two different host organisms, the two NZ genomes are much more similar to each other than to the single USA genome. The first genome drafts identified 227 regions missing from the alignments. Many of these missing regions are intergenic. There are also four coding regions, containing 24 putative genes (approximately 2% of the putative coding sequences) which are currently missing. It is uncertain if these regions are missing from the NZ CLso genomes, or are not visible due to either genomic rearrangements or a high level of polymorphism. We have not been able to manually sequence these regions to date. One major inversion of 55 kB has been located in the NZCLso-Tom genome compared to CLso-ZC1, and both NZ CLso genomes contain two large putative prophage regions similar to the US CLso-ZC1 genome. The draft assemblies for the putative prophage regions confirm the similarity of the NZ genomes and the difference between the NZ genomes and the US genome. These findings suggest that there is significant genotypic variance in CLso. + +Notes diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/9530001da9e19b67bb7cb784a1ab109c233685cc_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/9530001da9e19b67bb7cb784a1ab109c233685cc_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a54a12faede5571e49a2c14175edece58a721321 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/9530001da9e19b67bb7cb784a1ab109c233685cc_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +### Auslegung von Flanschverbindungen + +# Die Kunst der richtigen Dichtung + +Den Knackpunkt einer Anlage bilden mit Blick auf die Emissionen noch immer die Flanschverbindungen. Die fachgerechte Auslegung und Berechnung gestaltet sich angesichts der vielen verschiedenen Richtlinien, Regelwerke und Vorgaben schwierig. Was zu berücksichtigen ist und wie man es richtig macht, sagen Ihnen die Autoren im nachfolgenden Beitrag. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## Die Autoren: + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Jörg Skoda + +Leiter Anwendungstechnik, IDT Industrie- und Dichtungstechnik + +Stefan Schulz + +Anwendungstechnik, IDT Industrie- und Dichtungstechnik + +Das IDT-Label „Low Emission“ (LE) kennzeichnet Dichtsysteme, die von ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit her die Anforderungen der VDI 2290 erfüllen können. + +![](figure) + +Die Anfänge der Erfassung und Verarbei- neuerung – in den überwiegenden Teilen auf detung der komplexen Vorgänge in einer Flansch- ren Urfassungen aus früheren Jahren. Die bisher + +verbindung gehen mit der Entwicklung der genannten Regelwerke zur Auslegung und Be- + +Vornorm der DIN 2505 in das Jahr 1964 zurück. rechnung von Flanschverbindungen setzen sich Grundlage dafür waren sogar Untersuchungen die Dimensionierung einzelner metallischer + +und Erkenntnisse aus den 1950er-Jahren. + +Bauteile und die Ermittlung von Einbauschrau- + +Diese Vornorm wurde bis 1990 erweitert und benkräften zum Ziel. Die Dichtung wird hierbei überarbeitet, aber zugunsten der übergreifen- gänzlich vernachlässigt bzw. nur stiefmütterlich den europäischen Normung nie in die Gültigkeit betrachtet. Dies erkennt man unter anderem verabschiedet. Dennoch verankerten sich Teile daran, dass für die benötigten Dichtungskenndaraus in den AD 2000-Merkblättern B7 und B8. werte k0 x kD und K1 keine Prüfgrundlage zur Er- + +Sie verweisen ebenso – trotz mehrfacher Er- mittlung dieser Werte vorliegt. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Das ebenso häufig angewandte Verfahren nach der Taylor-Forge-Methode, wie es z. B. in der ASME Sect. VIII und EN 13445 aufgezeigt wird, ist ebenso nur ein Mittel, Bauteile entsprechend den Anforderungen zu dimensionieren und deren Festigkeit zu betrachten. Das Problem dieser beiden Varianten: Es lässt sich lediglich die Festigkeit der Bauteile nachweisen, nicht jedoch, ob die Verbindung dicht ist oder nicht. + +#### Systembetrachtung bevorzugt + +Was bedeutet das heute für die Umsetzung der Ziele des Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetzes (BImSchG) zur Minimierung schädlicher Emissionen aus Industrieanlagen und der Betriebs- + +Prinzipiell gibt es zwei Leckagewege, die berücksichtigt werden müssen: die Oberflächenleckage zwischen Flanschdichtfläche und Dichtung sowie die Querschnittsleckage durch die Dichtung hindurch nach außen + +sicherheitsverordnung (BetrSichV)? In den letz- ren qualitative Beurteilung. Hieran lassen sich EN 1591-1 herstellerabhängige Dichtungsten Jahren ist man flächendeckend zu einer so- Faktoren wie Betriebssicherheit, Standzeit und kennwerte zugrunde liegen, die gegenüber degenannten Systembetrachtung übergegangen Produktionsausfall sowie Stillstands- und Re- nen eines vermeintlich gleichwertigen Dichtund behandelt nun die gesamte Verbindung paraturzeiten ausmachen. + +systems eines anderen Herstellers abweichen + +aus Flansche, Schrauben und erstmals gleich- Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist auch die Aus- können. Daher sollte das bei der Auslegung in + +berechtigt auch die Dichtung. + +legung der Flanschverbindung mithilfe der Betracht gezogene Dichtsystem demnach + +Wenn man zudem heutzutage von Leckagen FEM-Methode (Finite Elemente). Diese ist je- auch für die berechnete Verbindung spezifispricht, bedeutet dies das Aufkommen soge- doch sehr aufwendig und entsprechend kos- ziert werden. + +Eine wichtige Quelle für Dichtungskennwerte ist die Website www.gasketdata.org. Auf dieser Internetseite finden Betreiber Dichtungskennnannter diffuser Emissionen und nicht wie vie- tenintensiv. le meinen, die erkennbare Tropfleckage. Um diese ausreichend exakt zu bestimmen Auswahlkriterien und dem aktuellen Stand der Technik, wie z. B. Bleibt noch die Frage zu klären, welche Kriterien werte namhafter Dichtungshersteller. Die in der VDI 2290 vorgegeben, zu entsprechen, bei der Auswahl der einzelnen Elemente von Kennwerte werden durch eine 2-fach-Prüfung müssen geschraubte Flanschverbindungen Flanschverbindungen eine Rolle spielen sollten. ermittelt und abschließend führt die FH Münsnicht nur auf Festigkeit, sondern auch auf Zunächst ein Blick auf die metallischen Bauteile ter eine Stichprobenkontrolle dieser Werte Dichtheit überprüft und diese rechnerisch wie Flansche und Schrauben. Sie sollten eine durch. Man erhält somit belastbare Dichtungsnachgewiesen werden. + +ausreichende, möglichst hohe Festigkeit auf- kennwerte. + +All dies vermag nur die 2001 ins Leben gerufe- weisen und den Belastungen aus den einzelnen ne Europäische Norm EN 1591-1. Sie betrach- Lastfällen standhalten. Dazu gehören z. B. die Korrekt berechnen tet die Festigkeiten und mechanischen Eigen- Beständigkeit gegen den Innendruck sowie den Entsprechend dem Minimierungsgebot sollen + +die Emissionen so gering wie möglich gehalten + +schaften der einzelnen Bauteile im Zusam- thermischen und chemischen Belastungen. + +menspiel mit geforderten Dichtheits- und Le- Das Gleiche gilt im Grunde genommen auch für werden. Daher muss das schwächste Bauteil + +die Dichtung, allerdings sind hier noch einige der Verbindung auf einen Auslastungsgrad von + +ckagekriterien für verschiedene Betriebs- und + +100 % des Zulässigen ausgelegt werden. Wer- + +Lastfälle. Die daraus resultierenden Ausnut- zusätzliche Details zu beachten: Prozentual der zungsfaktoren der einzelnen Komponenten größte Anteil der diffusen Emissionen gelangt den alle diese Vorgaben bei der Auslegung von werden ebenso ausgewiesen wie die erforder- als Oberflächenleckage zwischen Flanschdicht- Flanschverbindungen beachtet, steht einer lichen und maximal zulässigen Einbauschrau- fläche und Dichtung oder aber als Querschnitts- fachgerechten Montage und dem sicheren Beleckage durch die Dichtung hindurch nach au- trieb nichts mehr im Wege. + +benkräfte. + +Ein Nachteil der Methode nach EN 1591-1 ist ßen. Die Minimierung der Emissionen hängt al- Wir empfehlen deshalb, Flanschverbindungen allerdings, dass die Berechnung sehr umfas- so sehr stark von der Beschaffenheit der aus- grundsätzlich nach EN 1591-1 zu berechnen. + +send und aufwendig und deshalb meistens nur gewählten Dichtung ab. + +Erfahrungen beweisen, dass es mit dieser Menoch mit geeigneten Softwareprogrammen Für die Berechnung und den Nachweis der Dicht- thode gelingt, selbst grenzwertige und prorealisierbar ist. Ziel der Auslegung sollte aber heit einer Flanschverbindung müssen seitens der blembehaftete Verbindungen sicher abzudichdennoch immer die sichere Beschreibung des Dichtungshersteller demzufolge spezifische ten. IDT als Dichtungshersteller und langjähmechanischen Verhaltens einer Flanschverbin- Dichtungskennwerte – beispielsweise EN 13555 riger Partner der Industrie steht den Betreidung sein. Die für den Einsatzfall ausgewählte für Berechnung nach EN 1591-1 – ermittelt und bern, Konstrukteuren und Projektingenieuren Dichtung gewinnt deshalb immer mehr an Be- zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dabei sind Dicht- gern mit Rat und Tat bei der Auswahl geeigdeutung und ist nunmehr wesentlicher Be- systeme mit geringen Leckageraten und einer neter Dichtsysteme sowie Berechnungen nach + +EN 1591-1 zur Verfügung. + +großen Differenz zwischen Minimal- und Maximalflächenpressung zu bevorzugen. Für den Betreiber gilt dabei zu beachten, dass + +standteil der Systembetrachtung geworden. Dem Anlagenbetreiber, Konstrukteur oder Projektingenieur unterliegen demzufolge auch die + +Auswahl hochwertiger Dichtsysteme und de- der Berechnung der Flanschverbindung nach diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/957b896300cbee7e2535a6513f84f09c78a982fe_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/957b896300cbee7e2535a6513f84f09c78a982fe_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf07d0b46a46d5a57b0ac9c9a5d3dd0b4bfa624e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/957b896300cbee7e2535a6513f84f09c78a982fe_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +Remote sensing and the Earth's environment + +Some of the papers presented at the Alpbach Summer School held at Alpbach, Austria, 26 July — 4 August 1989, organised by ASSA and sponsored by ESA, CNES, DLR & SANW + +european space agency / agence spatiale européenne 8 – 10, rue Mario-Nikis, 75738 Paris 15, France + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/958d5687f44a6c99cf15cbc802731abf937303fd_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/958d5687f44a6c99cf15cbc802731abf937303fd_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d98434fcfc181658313d3c8b72c10919b819e8d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/958d5687f44a6c99cf15cbc802731abf937303fd_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +\[\mathrm{t}j_{\mathrm{h}^{1}\mathrm{e}}\in_{\text{re}}\{_{\mathrm{e}}2_{\mathrm{x}},_{\mathrm{i}}\ldots_{\text{sts}},_{j}\ell_{2}+_{\in}2_{\{}\}_{2}\mathrm{w}_{,\ldots}\text{ith}_{,}\mu_{\ell^{1}+}\in_{2}(_{\}}Q_{\mathrm{w}\mathrm{i}}^{\setminus_{\mathcal{B}}}(_{\mathrm{t}}Z_{\mathrm{h}})_{\mu_{2}^{\mathcal{I}_{j_{1}}}\in})_{(^{\mathcal{I}_{j_{1}}}Q^{\setminus_{\mathcal{B}^{1}}^{-}}}._{(Z}\mathrm{S}_{)}\text{im}_{\mathcal{I}_{j_{2}}}\text{il}_{)}\mathrm{a}_{\mathcal{I}}\mathrm{r}_{j},_{2-}\text{to}_{._{1}}\mu_{2}:=(\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2})\in Q^{\setminus_{\mathcal{B}}}(Z),\] + +Suppose \(j_{2} This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +وإذا اتخذنا، الآن، الرجل والمرأة مركزين لهذين الحقلين الدلاليين， أمكن إضافة الملاحظات السريعة الآتية: + +١ – يبدو الرجل، في المقابلة (أ) أكثر قدرة من المرأة على الاتصال بالله (الذَّكر) وبالكون (المطر) وبالبشر (الذَّكرة)، وإن في العلاقة مطر/أرض ما يوحي بصورة المرأة التي لا قدرة لها على الإنجاب دون الرجل， وبصورة المرأة المتلقية， في وضع سلبي. + +٢ – تبلغ سلبية المرأة ذروتها في المقابلة (ب)، إذ لا حراك لها， في حين تعبّر حركة الرجل عن نفسها بخصال أخلاقية (ذكر = شجاعة) وتتوجه نحو الفعل. أما المرأة التي يقال فيها ما يقال في «الموات مثل الحجر»...، فيبدو أن سكونها غير غريب عن الأساطير العربية: في الذهاب من مكة إلى عرفات يمر الحاج بأحجار تسمى «النسوة»، وأصل حكايتها أنه زنت امرأة في الجاهلية وحملت， وعندما جاءها المخاض أتت إلى ذاك المكان ووضعت حملها بحضور امرأتين， وقفت إحداهما أمامها والثانية خلفها. ويقال إنهن الثلاث مُسخن أحجاراً (رواه الأزرقی). وبحسب أسطورة أخرى， رواها ابن المجاور， فإن امرأتين تحجّرتا في النقيل， جنوب الجزيرة العربية， وإن العضو الجنسي， لكل منهما， ما يزال يُرى في الصخرة. ويضيف ابن المجاور أنها ما تزال تحيضان بانتظام， حتى الآن (16: 1966, Fahd). + +٣ – تصبح قوة الرجل， في المقابلة (ج) قوةً قاطعة كالسيف من فولاذ， في حين تخون المرأة «طبيعتها»، فتبقى ليناً حتى ولو كانت حديداً! + +٤ – يصل الأمر， في المقابلة (د) إلى حد التمايز بين الرجل الذي يؤكد ذكورته بجنسه ذاته， (الذكر هو الرجل， وهو عضوه الجنسي)، والمرأة التي لا يُشتق من أنوثتها ما يدل على جنسها， مما قد يُذكر بـ «النقص» الذي ذهب إليه فرويد. + +اعتماداً على هذا المثال الدلالي， يمكن أن نتوقع， منذ الآن， إلى أي حد كان هذا الشعر الذي نسعى إلى دراسته «عاملاً في اللسان». إنه لسان لا ندري كيف أمكن أن يستبطن， في دلالية باطنية， ترسمة علاقات لم ينفك الشعراء عن فك رموزها， وتبعاً لذلك عن تحيينها， أنثروبولوجياً， كلّ بما له من حدس وفهم. لن يكون من المبالغة اعتبارُ أن النقد العربي الكلاسيكي， وهو أساسياً ذو منحى بلاغي， كان له اهتمامٌ حقيقي بالمواجهة بين العمل الشعري， وهذه الدلالة المستبطنة في اللسان. إن ما ضاق به المحدثون， مما بدا لهم تشابهاً بين الأغراض الشعرية لم يكن， في العمق， إلا ضرباً من الوفاء العربي لسلطة لسان ثري， إلى حد أن الدخول فيه لا يؤدي إلى صيغ من التعبير， فحسب， وإنما يكشف عن سلوكٍ معيش. + +بهذا المعنى يمكن النظر إلى تطور أغراض الشعر العربي – وهو， بالضرورة， موازٍ لتطور الأسلوب – على أنه تجديد للعمل داخل اللسان العربي. نعم， ولكن من دون الإفراط في تقدير أثر هذا التطور. ذلك أن الترسيمة التي يقترحها اللسان بقيت， رغم التحولات الاجتماعية التاريخية الكبيرة， ترسيمة مرجعية， خصوصاً في مستوى العلاقة بين الرجل والمرأة. لهذا， عندما حاولت أيديولوجيا الإسلام تطويعها لمقتضياتها， وجدت نفسها تواجه مقاومة دلالية نسميها اليوم علاقة شكل/مضمون， ولكنها كانت， عند العرب， علاقة شكل/ + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/a2704890a3a4ced534778be695db36d8c203331b_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/a2704890a3a4ced534778be695db36d8c203331b_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cef778e4b79c78bff0e3b745ea3afea5a89ff8b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/a2704890a3a4ced534778be695db36d8c203331b_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# El Playazo de Vera + +#### Descripción + +El Playazo está situado en la provincia andaluza de Almería, en el extremo sureste de la Península Ibérica. En el extremo norte de la playa está la frontera municipal entre Vera y Palomares, coincidiendo con un pequeño muro que marca las salidas naturista y textil del cámping Cuevas de Almanzora. La playa tiene las mismas características pero solamente es nudista en el término municipal de Vera. Caminando hacia el sur, nos adentramos en este término municipal de Vera, que es un pueblo situado en el interior a unos cinco kilómetros de la costa; durante un largo recorrido la playa está salpicada de pequeñas urbanizaciones nudistas y alguna textil. Esta playa está formada por arena de gra-no mediano, y se tarda en recorrerla unos treinta minutos, desde un extremo hasta el otro. Llegando al término municipal de Garrucha, la playa pierde su condición administrativa de nudista, pero no su encanto y belleza. El agua suele estar fresquita y, cuando hay marejada, suele presentarse algo removida, con restos de algas. En la entrada al agua de algunas partes de la playa suele haber un metro de piedras. + +## Acceso + +Para llegar al pueblo de Vera, hay que circular por la autovía Murcia - Almería, y to-mar la salida 535 (en el Norte) o la salida 529 (en el Sur) con destino a Vera. Después hay que acceder a la carretera local C-3327, entre Garrucha y Villaricos, hasta encontrar la indicación a la playa. Esta indicación hacia El Playazo marca la entrada a esta playa nudista, autorizada administrativamente por el Ayuntamiento de Vera. En la zona cercana al aparcamiento, nos podemos encontrar con un hotel nudista, un cámping medio nudista-textil, un chiringuito nudista y varias urbanizaciones nudistas (aunque últimamente se han edificado dos urbanizaciones no nudistas y un parque acuático en la zona menos nudista de la playa). Os recomendamos ir siempre con la sombrilla y con abundante crema solar. La playa carece de duchas, pero tiene papeleras y es limpiada de vez en cuando por un tractor mañanero. Tomado de la lista nudista (con permiso de su autor), y adaptado para esta página web: + +- La playa es pública y nudista: la densidad de ocupación puede ser de una sombrilla cada cinco, diez o veinte metros. + +- Depende de las ganas que uno tenga de comunicarse con el vecino, esto puede ser una ventaja o un inconveniente. Además la playa está siendo urbanizada últimamente por chalecitos y urbanizaciones nudistas y textiles: esto puede entrar en conflicto con lo que uno piense de tomar el sol en plena naturaleza, aunque evidentemente no se llega al caso de las zonas costeras supermasificadas, como Benidorm, Cullera o Lloret de Mar. + +- El día que sopla viento en esta playa, lo mejor es estar en la piscina del hotel o irse de excursión a otro sitio. + +- Nunca nos hemos encontrado con medusas, pero suele haber algas en la playa; a pesar de que la playa es de arena, la orilla tiene zonas con algunas piedras. + +- En el pueblo de Vera (al lado del cuartel de la Guardia Civil) hay un ambulatorio público normal del SAS (Servicio Andaluz de Salud), concertado con la presentación de cualquier tarjeta sanitaria de España. + +- Para urgencias hay un servicio hospitalario en Huércal-Overa (Almería), a unos veinte kilómetros de Vera, yendo por la autovía. + +Hace unos tres o cuatro años alguna autoridad administrativa ha colocado un dudo- diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/a4bf0c8a6d78dc2e71b0dc37f19f7576e80c058e_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/a4bf0c8a6d78dc2e71b0dc37f19f7576e80c058e_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..030973c2517a9f7fd5e526a7f9aa9bd184857d58 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/a4bf0c8a6d78dc2e71b0dc37f19f7576e80c058e_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +![](figure) + +# TERRAIN CARDS + +#### ASTEROID FIELD + +Your fleet has moved into an Asteroid Field. Anyone shooting at you, or anyone you attack, has a penalty of two Electronic Warfare points, which basically reduces every individual attack card used by two points. (Tholian ships cannot be attacked at all when in an asteroid field, but can attack at the penalty stated.) This electronic warfare can be countered by an ECCM card, or by a scout. Cloaks cannot be used by a fleet inside an Asteroid Field. You could use this card on yourself when you want some protection (or on an ally who needs some protection), or you could use it on another player who has a powerful fleet and you want to interfere with his attacks. + +#### DUST CLOUD + +Your fleet has moved into a Dust Cloud. Anyone shooting at you, or anyone you attack, has a penalty of one Electronic Warfare point, which basically reduces every individual attack card used by one point. (Tholian ships have no special benefit.) This electronic warfare can be countered by an ECCM card, or by a scout. Cloaks cannot be used by a fleet inside a Dust Cloud. You could use this card any time you would use an Asteroid Field Card, but it won’t have as much effect. + +#### NEBULA + +Your fleet has entered a Nebula. This prevents you from making any fighter attack, but no fighter attack can be made on you either. Your fleet cannot use a Wild Weasel while in a Nebula, but fleets you attack can do so. Webs, ESGs, tractor beams, and cloaks cannot be used by fleets in a Nebula. You cannot use a shield reinforcement card if your fleet is in a Nebula. Attacks using drones or plasma torpdoes made by or against a fleet in a Nebula lose two points per card, and there is no card that can reduce this effect. + +These are a special type of Action Card, which might be drawn by or dealt to a player during the game. There are four types of these (one each for the four planned expansions). All of these cards can be played in front of your own fleet, or in front of another player’s fleet. In either case, the next time it is your turn, start by removing any terrain cards. (Optionally, place a damage marker on the card, and when the card has three damage markers at the start of your turn, you must remove it.) We might even add some kind of maneuver card so you can get out of terrain. + +You could use this card to interfere with an enemy who uses a lot of drones or plasma torpedoes (or a lot of fighters), or for protection from them. While there are no current rules in StarFleetBattleForce for a stasis field generator, Nebulas stop such devices from working, so if we add them later, they won’t work in a Nebula. There are no current rules in StarFleetBattleForceregarding shuttlecraft (perhaps used to carry troops to another ship or to a planet), if we add such rules, you cannot use them in a Nebula because a Nebula is really tough on shuttlecraft. + +#### RADIATION ZONE + +Your fleet has entered a Radiation Zone. This prevents any long-range combat, by your fleet or against your fleet. You could use this card to prevent an enemy fleet from attacking your ships except by short-range combat. + +### ASTEROID FIELD + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +TWO EW POINT PENALTY CLOAKING IMPOSSIBLE CANNOT ATTACK THOLIANS + +### NEBULA + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +TWO EW POINT PENALTY NO FIGHTER ATTACKS NO WILD WEASELS NO WEBS OR CLOAKS NO SHIELD REINFORCEMENT + +### DUST CLOUD + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +ONE EW POINT PENALTY CLOAKING IMPOSSIBLE + +### RADIATION ZONE + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +NO LONG RANGE ATTACKS TWO EW POINT PENALTY diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/a85bbe2096daf937d0858cfa0663834ca822a824_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/a85bbe2096daf937d0858cfa0663834ca822a824_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e9a276353488da39f447722a8b0da8ce863942a --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/a85bbe2096daf937d0858cfa0663834ca822a824_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +Stanisława Konopki ze Szczuczyna. Wianki Anny Eleonory i Konstancji Jadwigi Mielęckich ze względu na proporcje i miejsce ułożenia są takie same i przypominają toczki. Jak można zauważyć, zwyczaj plecenia małych wianków (mniejszych niż obwód głowy) znany był zarówno w XVII, jak i XVIII wieku. Odnalezienie wianka na czaszce Stanisława Konopki przeczy tezie, że na głowach ozdoby te miały tylko dziewczęta, zaś chłopcom układano je na ciele. Ze względu na wciąż nieliczne opracowania z tego zakresu oraz problemy z określeniem płci w przypadku dzieci, przyjęcie jakiejkolwiek hipotezy może okazać się niewłaściwe. Analizy archeologiczno-antropologiczne zapewne w znacznej mierze wzbogacą badania etnograficzne. Opisane wyżej wianki i sztuczne kwiaty znajdowały się w grobach dzieci wyznania katolickiego, co zmienia podejście do zagadnienia związanego z pochówkami dzieci protestanckich. Niezależnie od wyznania rodzice należący do elity społecznej przystrajali w podobny sposób zmarłe dzieci. + +## Chołodowska E. J. + +2009 + +## LITERATURA + +Wianki z grobów przy kościele św. Jakuba w Toruniu. Charakterystyka i symbolika (badania archeologiczne w 2008 roku), maszynopis pracy licencjackiej w Archiwum UMK, Toruń. + +## Drążkowska A. + +2000 + +Dokumentacja konserwatorska prac przeprowadzonych na zabytkowej odzieży dziecięcej wydobytej z krypty grobowej w kościele NMP w Kostrzynie nad Odrą, maszynopis w Pracowni Archeologicznej Zamku Książąt Pomorskich w Szczecinie, Toruń. + +2006 + +2007 + +2002 + +## Fischer A. + +1921 + +## Dziubkowa J. + +Wianki wydobyte z krypty grobowej w kościele p.w. Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny w Toruniu, Rocznik Toruński, t. 33, s. 209–217. + +Kwiaty i wianki elementem wyposażenia grobowego osiemnastowiecznych pochówków na podstawie znalezisk z kościoła św. Jana i z kościoła św. Trójcy w Gdańsku, [w:] XV Sesja Pomorzoznawcza, red. G. Nawrolska, Elbląg, s. 491–496. + +Wizerunek dziecka na portrecie trumiennym, [w:] Od narodzin do wie-ku dojrzałego. Dzieci i młodzież w Polsce, cz. 1: Od średniowiecza do wieku XVIII, red. M. Dąbrowska, A. Klonder, Warszawa, s. 301–324. + +Zwyczaje pogrzebowe ludu polskiego, Lwów. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/a9d90977b3f7a6613b9b257e5fd78909ee57bab4_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/a9d90977b3f7a6613b9b257e5fd78909ee57bab4_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ee3385be687fbb434fe86522f814d8bea0869bb --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/a9d90977b3f7a6613b9b257e5fd78909ee57bab4_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Miksi OSUUSKUNTA-malli Kunta, Yrittäjät ja Järjestöt + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## Osuuskuntamallissa lähestymistapa poikkeaa muista lähestymistavoista: + +1. Lähtökohtana on asiakas (bottom-up), ei + +rakenne tai siilomainen (raha)ohjaus + +2. Integraattorina yhdistämme ohjauksessa julkisen toimijan, yksityiset ja järjestöjen palvelut asiakkaan lähipiirin tukeen + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +3. Pienet ovat yhdessä suuri (suuruuden + +ekonomia, puuttuvat palvelut, kehitys, osaamisen jakaminen, varamiestoiminta jne.) – paikallisuus ja yrittäjyys yhdistyvät valtakunnalliseen toimintamalliin + +4. Alueellista elinvoimaa tukeva malli, auttaa + +palvelujen saatavuuden lisäksi mm. työllisyyttä ja työllistettävyyttä; rahakin pysyy alueella + +5. Hybridimalli yhdistää ”franchising-tyyppisen” paketoinnin ja alueellisen, demokraattisen ja itse ohjautuvan osuuskuntatoiminnan hyvät puolet + +6. Alustatalous kasvattaa ekosysteemiä diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/ad08db17adb365b1e5c3954776a45f57f61c24e2_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/ad08db17adb365b1e5c3954776a45f57f61c24e2_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c8684436212863d22f8654c67987398d338c027 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/ad08db17adb365b1e5c3954776a45f57f61c24e2_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +Fig. 2.1 'Clubs, Boomerangs, Shields and Lances': Pitt Rivers' scheme for Australian weapons showing forms emerging in series from the centre outwards, from a hypothetical single form (from Pitt Rivers 1875). + +Fig. 2.2 'Zulu wooden vessels from the Museum of the Berlin Mission', from Ratzel 1897 (vol. 2), p. 413. + +The introduction by Tylor to Ratzel's very richly illustrated volume—containing some 1,160 illustrations—captured the confidence of this late nineteenth-century conception of the study of artefacts (Figure 2.2). Describing the richness of these illustrations, Tylor argued that they + +are no mere book-decorations, but a most important part of the apparatus for realising civilisation in its successive stages. They offer, in a way which no verbal description can attain to, an introduction and guide to the use of museum collections on which the Science of Man comes more and more to depend in working out the theory of human development. Works which combine the material presentation of culture with the best descriptions by observant travellers, promote the most great object of displaying mankind as related together in Nature through its very variation. + +Tylor (1896: v) + +Tylor contrasted biological and linguistic approaches to 'the classification of peoples' with the 'fuller though less technical treatment of the culture-side of human life': 'the material arts of war, subsistence, pleasure, the stages of knowledge, morals, religion, may be so brought to view that a compendium of them, as found among the ruder peoples, may serve not only as a lesson-book for the learner, but + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/af288944a7ad0244ca6055e3786cc15e71c3f968_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/af288944a7ad0244ca6055e3786cc15e71c3f968_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dfb6fedff20214ab680bef0dff09ba1f4d869879 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/af288944a7ad0244ca6055e3786cc15e71c3f968_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Table 3 Transmission speedSimulation parameters. 50 Mbps
Modulation scheme2PPM-TH-UWB
Pulse width100 ps
Chip length1.25 ns
Chips per bit16
Receiver structureRAKE
+ +![](figure) + +Fig. 6 + +Average BER performance. + +requires a Eb/No of about 14 dB for the conventional correlation receiver, and a Eb/No of about 8 dB for the four-finger RAKE receiver. In addition, a further simulation was done by combining the cluster 1 of the on-body channel and the IEEE802.15.3a CM1 channel [9] for simulating an additional indoor propagation characteristic. The BER degradation compared with the influence from the metal floor is only 1 dB at BER = 0.01. These results suggest that the high-speed transmission of 50 Mbps is possible in the on-body communication situation by the use of the RAKE receiver. Since the transmission speed of 10 Mbps may be enough when limiting it to the application of the healthcare and medical treatment, the influence of the multipath will be weakened and a further improvement of the BER performance can be expected. + +## 6. Conclusions + +This study aimed how to contain the environment reflection in a dynamic on-body UWB channel model. In addition to various human body postures, the reflection from the environment such as the floor was included. It has been shown that the environment reflection does not basically affect the multipath components in the first cluster that are generated by the diffraction and reflection of the human body. It is available to establish a body area channel model by a combination of the on-body model and the additional components from the environment. Using the impulse response expression of the channel model generated in such a way, the average BER performance of a typical IR-UWB system has been clarified. It has been found that the degradation at BER = 0.01 is 2–3 dB due to the influence of the reflected waves from the environment. A high-speed transmission of 50 RAKE receiver structure. + +# Mbps on the body surface is possible by the use of the + +## References + +[1] A.W. Astrin, H.-B. Li, and R. Kohno, “Standardization for body area networks,” IEICE Trans. Commun., vol.E92-B, no.2, pp.366–372, Feb. 2009. + +[2] A. Fort, J. Ryckaert, C. Desset, P. De Doncker, P. Wambacq, and L. Van Biesen, “Ultra-wideband channel model for communication around the human body,” IEEE Trans. J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol.24, no.4, pp.927–933, April 2006. + +[3] A. Taparugssanagorn, A. Rabbachin, M. Hamalainen, J. Saloranta, and J. Iinatti, “A review of channel modeling for wireless body area network in wireless medical communications,” Proc. 11th Int. Symp. on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC’08), Lapland, Finland, FL3-1, Sept. 2008. + +[4] H. Sawada, T. Aoyagi, J. Takada, K.Y. Yazdandoost, and R. Kohno, “Channel model for wireless body area network,” Presented at Int. Symp. on Medical Information and Commun. Tech. (ISMICT), Yokohama, Japan, Dec. 2007. + +[5] Q. Wang, T. Tayamachi, I. Kimura, and J. Wang, “An on-body channel model for UWB body area communications for various postures,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.57, no.4, pp.991–998, April 2009. + +[6] A.F. Molisch, “Ultrawideband propagation channels — Theory, measurement, and modeling,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.54, no.5, pp.1528–1545, Sept. 2005. + +[7] A.F. Molisch, D. Cassioli, C.-C. Chong, S. Emami, A. Fort, B. Kannan, J. Karedal, J. Kunisch, H.G. Schantz, K. Siwiak, and M.Z. Win, “A comprehensive standardized model for ultrawideband propagation channels,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.54, no.11, pp.3151–3166, Nov. 2006. + +[8] Q. Wang and J. Wang, “Performance of ultra wideband on-body communication based on statistical channel model,” IEICE Trans. Com-mun., vol.E93-B, no.4, pp.833–841, April 2010. + +[9] J. Foerster, “Path loss proposed text and S-V model information,” IEEE P802.15-02/xxxr0-SG3a, pp.833–841, July 2007. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/af928f5861db3a8592e9cf2cc54ea819bd462606_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/af928f5861db3a8592e9cf2cc54ea819bd462606_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ff48fcf45126dad0daa22e6185fbfad6ce1c852 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/af928f5861db3a8592e9cf2cc54ea819bd462606_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## March 9-13, 2020 | www.ceraweek.com + +# Media Registration is Now Open for CERAWeek by IHS Markit 2020 Applications for media registration can be submitted at the following link: + +## https://bit.ly/2LoeSGU + +All members of the media interested in attending CERAWeek 2020 are required to apply for accreditation. + +## Complete details related to media registration are included below in this email. + +## About CERAWeek 2020 + +CERAWeek 2020 will kick off Monday, March 9 at the Hilton Americas-Houston. + +CERAWeek by IHS Markit is the premier annual international gathering of energy industry leaders, experts, government officials and policymakers, leaders from the technology, financial and industrial communities – and energy technology innovators. Chaired by Daniel Yergin, CERAWeek 2020 will be the event’s 39th installment. + +Visit www.ceraweek.com for the most up-to-date event information and follow us via @CERAWeek. Listed session times, topics and speakers are subject to change. + +## Media Registration Details: + +All members of the media interested in attending CERAWeek 2020 are required to apply for accreditation. + +Journalists should submit their request for media registration at the following link: https://bit.ly/2LoeSGU + +As always, the CERAWeek Media Relations Team is happy to provide a designated media work room as part of our conference-wide efforts to make journalists’ experiences convenient and productive at the conference. + +## CERAWeek 2020 Media Work Room Amenities: + +- Fully-staffed Media Work Room adjacent to the CERAWeek Briefing Room diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/afba776380fbae80e0399e5b7f5f2ac1523ee487_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/afba776380fbae80e0399e5b7f5f2ac1523ee487_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d556a17a46b222cce37194e3da885d2d7af3086 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/afba776380fbae80e0399e5b7f5f2ac1523ee487_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# The decline of great Arctic charr in Lake Vättern + +## – empirical and theoretical analyses of suggested causes + +![](figure) + +# Malin Setzer + +![](figure) + +✗ diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b08d6039375093f81a42aafefc33454e5d0fdf30_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b08d6039375093f81a42aafefc33454e5d0fdf30_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a803f86d9483afe560e876b900f1e2fe01ba271f --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b08d6039375093f81a42aafefc33454e5d0fdf30_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +## 14. Wie sollten Hilfeleistende, Eltern und Betroffene mit + +dem Abhängigkeitsrisiko umgehen? .......................................................... 223 14.1 Medien .............................................................................................................. 223 14.2 Einflüsse durch Gleichaltrige .......................................................................... 224 14.3 Soziokulturelle Faktoren .................................................................................. 224 14.4 Abstinenzorientiertes Vorgehen ....................................................................... 225 14.5 Selektive Prävention .......................................................................................... 226 14.6 Indikative Prävention ........................................................................................ 226 + +Literatur ...................................................................................................................... 229 + +Anhang ..................................................................................................................... 261 Erhebungsbogen für Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene aus alkoholbelasteten Familien ........................................................................................... 263 + +Sachregister ................................................................................................................ 275 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b1bcaf906a9826646b1e8ae04c885a0dc6c8adc8_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b1bcaf906a9826646b1e8ae04c885a0dc6c8adc8_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ed0e09062ef7c3f9f9a79046f42a80ee06e3026 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b1bcaf906a9826646b1e8ae04c885a0dc6c8adc8_page_13_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +postulación a que se refiere la letra (a), del inciso segundo del artículo 8° se regirá por los siguientes plazos: 1. El plazo dispuesto en el inciso segundo del artículo 12 será de 10 días hábiles siguientes al cierre del proceso de postulación de asignación de cupos. 2. El plazo dispuesto en el inciso tercero del artículo 12 será de 5 días hábiles siguientes al cierre del proceso de postulación de asignación de cupos. 3. El plazo para dictar la resolución de que trata el inciso primero del artículo 14 será de 10 días hábiles, contados desde el término del plazo señalado en el N° 1 del presente artículo. + +Anótese, tómese razón y publíquese.- MICHELLE BACHELET JERIA, Presidenta de la República.- Carmen Castillo Taucher, Ministra de Salud.- Rodrigo Valdés Pulido, Ministro de Hacienda. Transcribo para su conocimiento decreto Af. N° 15, de 03-07-2017.- Saluda atentamente a Ud., Jaime Burrows Oyarzún, Subsecretario de Salud Pública. + +CONTRALORÍA GENERAL DE LA REPÚBLICA División Jurídica Cursa con alcance decreto N° 15, de 2017, del Ministerio de Salud N° 33.601.- Santiago, 14 de septiembre de 2017. Esta Contraloría General ha dado curso al decreto del epígrafe, que aprueba el "Reglamento para el otorgamiento de la bonificación por retiro voluntario establecida en la ley N° 20.986", por cuanto se ajusta a derecho. No obstante, cumple con hacer presente que la exclusión del señalado beneficio a quienes desempeñan en los establecimientos experimentales de salud cargos del primer y segundo nivel del Sistema de Alta Dirección Pública, que se consigna en el numeral 2. del artículo 2° del documento en análisis, no se contiene en el artículo 1° de la ley N° 20.986, sin perjuicio de que tales servidores no tienen derecho a la referida bonificación por no ser remunerados conforme a la escala de sueldos que en esta última norma se precisa. Con el alcance que antecede se ha tomado razón del acto administrativo singularizado en la suma. Saluda atentamente a Ud., Jorge Bermúdez Soto, Contralor General de la República. A la señora Ministra de Salud Presente. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b2ca8e0034542f65bd80e927f16e65c7d466b18c_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b2ca8e0034542f65bd80e927f16e65c7d466b18c_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5e7ce1b18edf1e06f91bad96dcc7319602387a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b2ca8e0034542f65bd80e927f16e65c7d466b18c_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +Such systems, henceforth referred to as Distributed Sensor Networks (DSNs), are expected to have a strong connection to our everyday life, and at least economic losses are expected in case of failures during their operation. The additional value of wireless DSNs is largely in their flexible deployment and communication capability. However, this also opens up most of the security[^1] vulnerabilities of such systems. There are known attack methods to compromise the ad-hoc communication channel between the nodes of a network. There are also precaution mechanisms built into the communication standards, to support the generation of network keys as well as the encryption and decryption of the messages. But increased security usually translates to increased cost, both in terms of development effort and run-time resource consumption. At the same time, the system must be maintenance-free or at least easily manageable even by non-technical users. To make matters worse, most of the security aids provided to the application developer are specific to the networking technology being used, i.e., there is the risk of having to re-define security-related protocols and implementations as part of the system’s evolution. Hard application coding and the lack of portability of the security logic – or low security and reliability – can turn out to be an obstacle for the DSN technology penetration to the mass market. Motivated by these challenges, this paper presents a lightweight and portable security solution for DSNs designed by the authors in the POBICOS project [1]. The solution enables the user to manage such a system in a straightforward way and achieves sufficient data confidentiality at the application level. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 briefly discusses the related work. Section 3 provides a short introduction to the DSNs and their inherent vulnerabilities, security threats and requirements. In section 4 we propose two novel approaches to manage security in the DSNs, thus providing practical mechanisms and security protocols for implementation in typical DSN context. Section 5 discusses implementation issues of the security abstraction and, finally, section 6 summarizes the paper and delineates the future work. + +## 2 Related Work + +Existing security methods are available for many of the threats present in sensor networks but they are usually too resource consuming to be used in DSNs [2,3,4]. Actuator nodes, when present in the DNS, introduce increased risk. However, most of the research done in the field of DSNs does not consider that actuator nodes could exist in the network. A security related work that takes actuator nodes into account has been published in [5,6,7]. DSN security issues and a public key cryptography based key establishment scheme for DSNs are given in [7]. A cluster based communication architecture around each actuator of a DNS could be used to reduce the key management overhead. To suit this demand, a suchlike, scalable, energy efficient routing algorithm is introduced in [5]. + +[^1]: In this paper, the term security is used to refer to information security as well as protection against unauthorized access and control. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b329b8083ee2abe62999617011b888e980924905_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b329b8083ee2abe62999617011b888e980924905_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee798173db6faeef51602257d1bdba6d04dd8245 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b329b8083ee2abe62999617011b888e980924905_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +cent '84 + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b409e07757deecf146119b9a2f5b928491bd7c88_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b409e07757deecf146119b9a2f5b928491bd7c88_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c2e2dc24f37e44fc97450a0cf049a33ff857c56 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b409e07757deecf146119b9a2f5b928491bd7c88_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +reencuentro no se produce en el plazo acordado, no existen aún redes sociales, ni smartphones que permitan seguir el rastro. Sin embargo, las dos entregas que siguen a Before Sunrise obran el milagro. Jesse y Céline se reencuentran en París en 2004, conversan, caminan y, como confirma la última entrega de la trilogía, Before Midnight (2013), se convierten en pareja y tienen hijos juntos. Afirmábamos anteriormente que no destripamos del todo la trama al anticipar lo que ocurre en las secuelas, porque la película se sostiene sobre el eje de las palabras y reflexiones que intercambian sus protagonistas mientras pasean. El cineasta norteamericano Richard Linklater, como muy bien ha estudiado Rob Stone (2015; 2018), muestra una preocupación por la noción del tiempo deudora de los planteamientos del filósofo francés Henri Bergson. De este modo, buena parte de la cinematografía del director tejano hunde sus raíces en el presente puro y focaliza toda la acción dramática en la durée bergsoniana. En línea con los planteamientos del filósofo francés, los protagonistas de la trilogía “are both departing and arriving: even at the point of separation in Vienna, Jesse and Céline are already on their way to meet again in Paris nine years later” (Stone, 2015: 69). El presente es siempre umbral y Jesse y Céline deambulan perennemente por un espacio del que parten y al que arriban incesantemente: “a moment identified as ‘the present’ has no beginning or end, because it does not exist separately from the infinite number of moments before and after it” (Stone, 2010: 239). Todo lo que nos cuenta Linklater en las tres entregas es lo que acontece antes de un momento de transición: el amanecer de la relación, la posterior maduración crepuscular y el fatigado anochecer. También el experimento de Rob Stone ocurre antes del fin del romance y prolonga el instante, que flota ante nuestros ojos como si de un colgante de ámbar se tratara. Nos reafirmamos, pues, en que la trilogía de Linklater es inmune al spoiler, ya que lo que acontece a sus protagonistas siempre está en ciernes de zarpar hacia un nuevo horizonte. Muy probablemente el norte de Jesse y Céline sea el de mantener siempre viva la llama de esa conversación infinita que nunca han dejado de cultivar. Cabe enfatizar, en este sentido, la naturaleza dialógica de esta trilogía. Como apunta Stone en su studio sobre Linklater: “the dialogic work is that which seeks correspondence with other multiple works and a revisionist approach to what has gone before” (Stone, 2018: 107). El eminente carácter dialógico de la trilogía entronca, al mismo tiempo, con la durée bergsoniana; así, cuando Bajtín afirma que “toda la literatura está envuelta en el proceso de formación” (Bajtin, 1975: 451), podemos apreciar una concepción del tiempo afín al planteamiento de Bergson, esto es, un presente que se encuentra en un permanente punto de fuga. La trilogía de Linklater gravita en torno al diálogo de sus protagonistas como foco dramático primordial y son pocos los momentos en los que estos guardan silencio. Incluso en esas secuencias —que incluyen las de Before the End— la comunicación no cesa y los silencios son elocuentes. Enraizados en el presente dilatado, Jesse y Céline encuentran la dimensión más trascendental de sus existencias en ese intento por conectar que brota de su charla incesante. De entre las muchas reflexiones vitales intercambiadas entre Jesse y Céline, la que quizás resuma con mayor acierto su filosofía diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b428a9e1afc4bb17606d75aff6626e3b6d5c846e_page_27_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b428a9e1afc4bb17606d75aff6626e3b6d5c846e_page_27_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7fa9b73357e7ac77779f4abc46c6a02bfcac0017 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b428a9e1afc4bb17606d75aff6626e3b6d5c846e_page_27_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +cells at different stages of differentiation stained are shown in (C). Cell images were obtained with 40X + +objectives as describe in the legends of Fig. 3B. (D) Percentages of cells at the basophilic erythroblast + +(Baso), polychromatic erythroblast (Poly) and orthochromatic erythroblast (Ortho) stages as well as + +benzidine-positive cells were determined by scoring the Giemsa-benzidine stained cells. + +## Fig. 6 Modulation of Hri signaling by salubrinal in β-thalassemic erythroid precursors + +(A) eIF\(2\alpha P\) levels in Hri+/-Hbb-/- reticulocytes. Cells were treated for 6 hours with concentrations of + +salubrinal indicated. (B) Globin protein synthesis in Hri+/-Hbb-/- reticulocytes. After treatment with 100 + +μM salubrinal for 2 hours, globin protein synthesis at times indicated was measured in the supernatant + +and pellet fractions. Vertical lines have been inserted to indicate a repositioned gel lane. The middle + +lane between Control and Sal in the bottom rows (pellet), which was the salubrinal treated sample at + +time zero prior to 35S-Met/Cys labeling, was removed. (C) eIF\(2\alpha P\) and Chop in Hri+/-Hbb-/- FL erythroid + +precursors. Cells were treated for 12 hours with salubrinal at concentrations indicated. Numbers in (A) + +and (C) denote the ratio of eIF\(2\alpha P/eIF2\alpha orChop/eIF2\alpha.\) Numbers in B denote the ratio of 35Sglobin/total globin. (D) eIF\(2\alpha P\) levels and protein synthesis in Ter119+ cells from Hri+/+Hbb-/- spleen. + +Cells were treated for 3.5 hours with salubrinal as indicated, and labeled with 35S-Met/Cys for the last 3 + +hours. Total protein syntheses in the cell lysates are shown in the middle panel. Newly synthesized + +35S-Atf4 immunoprecipitated with antibody (Abnova) is shown in bottom panel. Numbers indicate ratio + +of eIF\(2\alpha P/eIF2\alpha\) or globin and Atf4 syntheses relative to 0 μM controls. + +Fig. 7 A schematic illustration of Hri\(-eIF2\alpha P-Atf4\) signaling pathway in mitigating stress and + +during erythropoiesis. (A) Inhibition of general protein synthesis and enhancement of Atf4 translation + +by eIF\(2\alpha\). Upon various stress conditions, eIF\(2\alpha\) kinases are activated and phosphorylate eIF\(2\alpha.\) The + +first order of action by eIF\(2\alpha\) is to inhibit protein synthesis to prevent proteotoxicity resulted from + +accumulation of excessive unfolded proteins. In the erythroid precursors, Hri is necessary to inhibit + +globin synthesis in heme deficiency to prevent accumulation of denatured heme-free globins. The + +second action by eIF\(2\alpha\) is to selectively enhance the translation of some mRNAs with open reading diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b4c3c4ac3d6f7b52a993cec7ca8b3ad43cecabad_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b4c3c4ac3d6f7b52a993cec7ca8b3ad43cecabad_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b51e32be347127e7c2a15baf2be0d3d56a05de1c_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b51e32be347127e7c2a15baf2be0d3d56a05de1c_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c2ad59aef8b50405161f1c07c532431e611673c --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b51e32be347127e7c2a15baf2be0d3d56a05de1c_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# Functional organization of a single nif cluster in the mesophilic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei strain Gö1 + +### CLAUDIA EHLERS,1 KATHARINA VEIT,1 GERHARD GOTTSCHALK1,2 and RUTH A. SCHMITZ1,3 + +1 Abteilung Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik der Georg-August-Universität, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany 2 Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik der Georg-August-Universität, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany 3 Author to whom correspondence should be addressed (rschmit@gwdg.de) + +Received June 6, 2002; accepted July 10, 2002; published online July 29, 2002 + +Summary The mesophilic methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei strain Gö1 is able to utilize molecular nitrogen (N2) as its sole nitrogen source. We have identified and characterized a single nitrogen fixation (nif ) gene cluster in M. mazei Gö1 with an approximate length of 9 kbp. Sequence analysis revealed seven genes with sequence similarities to nifH, nifI1, nifI2, nifD, nifK, nifE and nifN, similar to other diazotrophic methanogens and certain bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum, with the two glnB-like genes (nifI1 and nifI2) located between nifH and nifD. Phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequences for the nitrogenase structural genes of M. mazei Gö1 showed that they are most closely related to Methanosarcina barkeri nif 2 genes, and also closely resemble those for the corresponding nif products of the gram-positive bacterium C. acetobutylicum. Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription PCR analysis demonstrated that the M. mazei nif genes constitute an operon transcribed only under nitrogen starvation as a single 8 kb transcript. Sequence analysis revealed a palindromic sequence at the transcriptional start site in front of the M. mazei nifH gene, which may have a function in transcriptional regulation of the nif operon. + +Keywords: GlnB-like proteins, nif genes, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen regulation. + +#### Introduction + +Biological nitrogen fixation, the enzymatic reduction of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia, is not limited to the bacterial domain, but is also observed in several methanogenic members of the archaeal domain. Nitrogenase, the enzyme complex of dinitrogenase and dinitrogenase reductase, is responsible for the reduction of molecular nitrogen; it is highly conserved in structure, function, and amino acid sequence across both domains (Lobo and Zinder 1992, Young 1992, Fischer 1994, Rees and Howard 1999). The dinitrogenase, which is an \(\alpha_{2}\beta_{2}\) heterotetramer containing the P-cluster and the FeMo-cofactor, is encoded by nifD and nifK; the nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer with a single [4Fe-4S]-cluster linking the subunits and is encoded by nifH (Georgiadis et al. 1992, Rees and Howard 1999 and papers cited therein). In bacteria, the genes nifH, nifD and nifK, which encode the molybdenum-containing nitrogenase, are typically found together in a single operon and are physically adjacent to other nif genes as part of a larger nif regulon. Downstream of nifK, the nifE and nifN genes, which are essential for FeMo-cofactor assembly (Dean et al. 1993), are found in a separate operon. In Archaea, genes homologous to the bacterial nif genes have been identified, and nitrogen fixation has been observed in several methanogenic species (Lobo and Zinder 1992, Young 1992, Bult et al. 1996, Chien and Zinder 1996, Haselkorn and Buikema 1996, Kessler et al. 1997, Smith et al. 1997). The discovery of genes homologous to nifH, nifD and nifK suggests that the basic mechanism of nitrogen fixation is similar in Bacteria and Archaea and predicts that most methanogenic nitrogenases contain a molybdenum-cofactor (Chien and Zinder 1996, Kessler et al. 1997). It was recently shown that, unique among the archaea, Methanosarcina acetivorans appears to contain all three types of nitrogenases: the molybdenum nitrogenase and two alternative nitrogenases (Galagan et al. 2002). In methanogenic archaea, the nitrogen fixation genes nifH, nifD, nifK, nifE and nifN are present in the same order as in bacteria (Dean and Jackobson 1992). However, in contrast, (i) methanogenic nif gene promoters are typical archaeal promoters, and the transcriptional apparatus is similar to that of Eucarya (Langer and Zillig 1993, Marsh et al. 1994, Langer et al. 1995, Qureshi et al. 1995, Hausner et al. 1996, Thomm 2000, Bell and Jackson 2001), (ii) the archaeal nif genes are present in a single operon, and (iii) all diazotrophic methanogens contain two open reading frames (ORFs) inserted between nifH and nifD that show a strong similarity to glnB (Sibold et al. 1991, Merrick and Edwards 1995, Arcondeguy et al. 2001, Kessler et al. 2001). Recently, this nif gene organization with the two glnB-like genes, which have been renamed nifI1 and nifI2 (Arcondeguy et al. 2001), has also been found in Clostridium acetobutylicum (Nölling et al. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b536cd5df0874a60e9e5cdfd6bda47946f706b11_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b536cd5df0874a60e9e5cdfd6bda47946f706b11_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db3ac909736784729161f12e90b2309a0543c223 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b536cd5df0874a60e9e5cdfd6bda47946f706b11_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +Due to scheduled summer vacation weeks, which are extenuating our already significant shortage of human resources, the Glen Central Laboratory is temporarily modifying its testing schedule which includes that of Lymphocyte Stimulation Tests. The test will now be performed once a month with a maximum of 5 patients per week until the regular schedule will resume during the week of Sept 11, 2022. + +## The modified testing schedule is as follows: + +| Modified Schedule | Reception of Specimen | +| --- | --- | +| Week of July 17, 2022 | Specimen must be received IN LAB no later than 12h00 on Tuesday, July 19th | +| Week of August 7, 2022 | Specimen must be received IN LAB no later than 12h00 on Tuesday, August 9th | +| Week of September 4, 2022 | Specimen must be received IN LAB no later than 12h00 on Tuesday, September 6th | + +Patients must be pre-booked for testing by contacting Client Services for Clinical Laboratories at 514-934-1934 ext 35687. Patients that are not pre-booked will not be accepted and will not have their specimen analyzed. + +Should you have any questions, you can refer them to Dr. Brian Gilfix, Biochemist, or to Client Services for Clinical Laboratories at 514-934-1934. + +We thank you for your understanding and cooperation. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b742cbc3a052ad06d7a8ae633d5cce5651f7eb76_page_42_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b742cbc3a052ad06d7a8ae633d5cce5651f7eb76_page_42_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1d3d4f3e148b18484b0c857d0e4892c29e5b54f --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b742cbc3a052ad06d7a8ae633d5cce5651f7eb76_page_42_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +Expectativas de Inflação + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b79ccdcb9871dce02d3873bdf9690d9f6dd58cb4_page_19_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b79ccdcb9871dce02d3873bdf9690d9f6dd58cb4_page_19_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..379c6d8905b53705c8134617aa88106a25c314b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b79ccdcb9871dce02d3873bdf9690d9f6dd58cb4_page_19_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +BIORETENTION SITING, DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION + +### INFEASIBILITY CRITERIA: Infiltration Setbacks + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +| Feature | Setback | +| --- | --- | +| Native Growth Protection Easement | ≥ 20 feet | +| Top of slopes >20% and over 10 feet of relief | ≥ 50 feet | +| Underground storage tanks | 10-100 feet | +| Wellheads, basements, foundations, utilities, slopes, contaminated areas, and property lines | Consult local jurisdiction guidelines | + +![](figure) + +Setbacks (source: SWMMWW Infeasibility Criteria) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +55 + +## BIORETENTION SITING, DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION + +### SITING CONSIDERATIONS + +- Understand fate of infiltrated water + + - Intent is to infiltrate to native underlying soil + + - Arterial ROW with dense underground infrastructure (preferential pathway \(\rightarrow\) utility trenches) + + - Potential for excessive shallow interflow emerging at slopes, development cuts, or in basements + + - Use engineering controls + + - Ex. trench water stops to prevent re-infiltration to pipes + + - Ex. liners to protect adjacent infrastructure + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +56 + +## BIORETENTION SITING, DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION + +### SITING CONSIDERATIONS + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +2012 LID Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound + +- Native soil and vegetation preservation + +- Site Slopes + + - Cross & Longitudinal Slopes + + - Positive Drainage from drainage area to BR to overflow + +- Setbacks (e.g., utilities & other infrastructure, wetland and streams) + +- Public acceptance/participation (retrofits) + +- Transportation/pedestrian safety + +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b7d405094e779c1318d2e43b1fc897991989fb06_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b7d405094e779c1318d2e43b1fc897991989fb06_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ea445616d1bd15a0c5d9a7f01c168010582c6a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b7d405094e779c1318d2e43b1fc897991989fb06_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +This form must be e-mailed with all other required documents to Megan Boris (mtboris@iu.edu) no later than 5pm on Friday, April 20th, 2018. Put GREATER GOOD INTERNSHIP FUND in the subject line. Applications with incomplete information or missing documents will not be considered. + +# Contact Information + +Name + +Local Address + +City + +Phone ( + +) + +E-mail + +Student ID (10-digit) # + +# Academic Standing + +Class Major(s) Minor(s) # of Credits Completed + +# Reference + +State + +Zip + +Degree + +Graduation Date (Mo/Yr) + +List the name, telephone number and e-mail for the faculty member who will be writing a letter of reference for you: + +Name + +Phone ( + +) + +# Internship Details + +Organization + +Internship Start date + +Location + +Supervisor Name + +Phone ( + +) + +E-mail + +End date + +E-mail + +I confirm that information on this form is correct and accurate. + +## SIGNATURE + +## DATE diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/b8b9eb06fd8e36a00425f331024b3e5cee1f4f90_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/b8b9eb06fd8e36a00425f331024b3e5cee1f4f90_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d01e9b12f06ef02edc49d3bae1f5188175d4b4a --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/b8b9eb06fd8e36a00425f331024b3e5cee1f4f90_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +Fig. 2: Axial T1-weighted and sagittal T2-weighted images demonstrating a soft-tissue mass with in the posterior femoral compartment, the close relation of the mass to the sciatic nerve is seen (arrows). Normal sciatic nerve is seen in the posterior area of right thigh (arrow head). + +© Orthopaedics , baskent University Medical Faculty, Baskent University Alanya Teaching and Medical Research Center - Antalya/TR + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 3: Axial T1-weigthed image reveals hypertrophy of the left piriformis muscle and enlarged muscle pressing on the sciatic nerve (arrow). + +© Orthopaedics , baskent University Medical Faculty, Baskent University Alanya Teaching and Medical Research Center - Antalya/TR diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/ba10222e40f05d76e2bf1d51c39066a4b1fe82ed_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/ba10222e40f05d76e2bf1d51c39066a4b1fe82ed_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4648a5d3f139608dc21a6d6c8d574e0217c35c3a --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/ba10222e40f05d76e2bf1d51c39066a4b1fe82ed_page_11_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +as reform of welfare benefits, such amounts are often regarded as significant. We do not impose an upper age limit on equity release, and where life expectancy is only a few years, the calculated annuity payment will be very high. To consider the impact on the incomes of all older people, we present the average effects on those aged 65 or over; because of the assumed age limits, there will, by definition, be no effect on the incomes of those aged under 70 except where they are married to someone considerably older than themselves. We therefore also present results for those aged 70 or over. In addition, we show the effect of equity release on those aged at least 75, since in general it is among this oldest age-group that incomes are lowest (see, for example, Department of Social Security (1997b)). Table 3 presents estimates of the proportion of older people who would gain from equity release and median annual gains for those who would gain more than £130 a year. Taking those aged 65 or over as a whole, we estimate that a fifth (21 per cent) could gain from equity release; among those aged 75 or over, the proportion reaches over two-fifths (42 per cent). Restricting attention to homeowners increases the proportion who gain. Thus 36 per cent of homeowners aged 65 or over, and as many as 81 per cent of those aged 75 or more, are estimated to gain from equity release. Among homeowners, women are more likely to gain than men, despite their longer life expectancies at any age. Partly this is because, within each age-group, women are older on average than men in + +TABLE 4 + +Gains from Equity Release among People Aged 65+, by Income Level + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Income quintileTotal
Lowest2nd3rd4thHighest
Percentage of all aged 65+ who gain81922263221
Sample size3691,9641,0466766424,697
Percentage of all homeowners aged 65+ who gain394733303336
Sample size797827115786072,757
Percentage of all homeowners aged 70+ who gain~6352505856
Sample size545814463463501,777
Median gain for all aged 65+ who gain (p.a.)~£910£810£860£1,010£900
Sample size313662311742031,005
Percentage of all gainers in each quintile (all aged 65+)336231720100
Percentage of all aged 65+ in each quintile742221414100
+ +~ Sample size too small for reliable estimate. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/ba6aebad479086f039aa97daa8208472439af6ec_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/ba6aebad479086f039aa97daa8208472439af6ec_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb8e7891948fe84309a763de8aebcb197190993e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/ba6aebad479086f039aa97daa8208472439af6ec_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +# Otosclerosis online: an analysis of quality, reliability and readability of otosclerosis information websites + +### Stephane Gargula1, Ambre La Rosa1, Denis Ayache1, and Mary Daval1 + +### 1La Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild + +### March 21, 2023 + +#### Abstract + +Introduction: Several therapeutic options are usually discussed for otosclerosis management. Patients seek medical advice from an ENT specialist but are also increasingly using the internet for medical issues. This study intends to assess readability and quality of websites with information on otosclerosis. Materials & Methods: This is a cross-sectionnal study performed in a tertiary care center. The results of the first 2 pages of a Google search with the keyword “otosclerosis” were reviewed by two independent investigators. Readability was assessed with the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Gunning Fog Index. For quality and reliability assessment, the 16-items DISCERN instrument was used. Spearman’s coefficient was used for correlations, and multivariate analyses of variance were used to assess differences. Inter-rater agreement was evaluated with concordance correlation coefficient. Results: 18 websites were included. Two websites (11.0%) were authored by academic institutions, 5/18 (28%) by government agencies, 6/18 (33%) by professional organizations and 5/18 (28%) were medical information websites. The mean DISCERN score of the 18 websites was 40.2±8.4/80 (range, 23.5–54), corresponding to “fair” quality. The mean FRES score was 43.27 ± 10.6, and the the mean FKGL was 11.43±2.30, corresponding to “difficult to read”. The mean Gunning Fog index was 12.90±2.19 (range 9.81- 18.20), corresponding to a “college freshman” level. Conclusions: This study shows that internet information on otosclerosis has an overall low readability, while the quality is heterogeneous and varies from “poor” to “good”. Efforts should be made to improve the readability of otosclerosis websites. + +#### Hosted file + +Manuscript.docx available at https://authorea.com/users/598117/articles/630826-otosclerosis-online-an-analysis-of-quality-reliability-and-readability-of-otosclerosis-information-websites + +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/bab14288ca3310add63c8df5c705d7a6fb6116a9_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/bab14288ca3310add63c8df5c705d7a6fb6116a9_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65d4ee1d72675894f4e5dc206d2b0c97c6089cc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/bab14288ca3310add63c8df5c705d7a6fb6116a9_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +respectively (Fig. 2a,b and Table 1). With CO-stripping, consistent results were obtained. The ECSACO of Pt/CB and Pt/CB_O decreased from 79.8 m2 gPt-1 to 57.1 m2 gPt-1 and from 117.8 m2 gPt-1 to 53.4 m2 gPt-1, retaining 71.5% and 45.3% of their initial ECSAs, respectively (Fig. 2c,d and Table 1). The better durability of the Pt/CB was more clearly evidenced by the kinetic data obtained after the ADTs (Fig. 2e,f and Table 1). While the half-wave potential of Pt/CB was decreased by 12 mV (from 0.904 V to 0.892 V) after the ADT, Pt/ CB_O underwent a more significant decrease of 23 mV (from 0.912 V to 0.889 V). In addition, the Pt/CB preserved 67.4% of the initial kinetic current density and mass activity after the ADT, which is substantially higher than that of Pt/CB_O (39.4%). The clear difference in the durability between Pt/CB and Pt/CB_O appears to arise from the different degrees of agglomeration of Pt nanoparticles. TEM images of the two catalysts after the ADTs (Fig. 3) + +clearly revealed that the Pt/CB_O underwent more severe agglomeration during the durability tests; the size of Pt nanoparticles in Pt/CB_O (3.5 nm) was larger than that in Pt/CB (2.7 nm). To identify molecular-level factors responsible for the ADT results, the two catalysts were studied by XPS, in situ XANES, and ICP-MS. The Pt 4f XPS spectra of the two catalysts (Fig. 4) showed doublet peaks at 71.8 eV and 75.2 eV, which can be deconvoluted into three peaks. The deconvoluted doublet peaks at 71.5 eV and 75.0 eV, 72.8 eV and 76.3 eV, and 74 eV and 77.5 eV can be ascribed to the Pt0, PtO, and PtO2 phases, respectively [52]. We quantified the integrated areas of deconvoluted peaks in Pt 4f XPS spectra, and the results are presented in Table 2. The area corresponding to PtO2 phase in the Pt/CB is 17.5%, and that in the Pt/CB_O is increased to 21.7%. On the other hand, the peak area for Pt is reduced from 53.2% in the Pt/CB to 50.3% in the Pt/CB_O. The trend becomes more + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig. 3. (a, b) TEM images and (c) particle size distribution of Pt/CB after the ADTs; (d, e) TEM images and (f) particle size distribution of Pt/CB_O after the ADTs. (A colour version of this figure can be viewed online.) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/bdc6376d357fd792b66df0b1619841f96412b90a_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/bdc6376d357fd792b66df0b1619841f96412b90a_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..51c02f80b52bba9971aaf9f2ed6abf8ad8b18167 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/bdc6376d357fd792b66df0b1619841f96412b90a_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# Sumber Buku : + +# DAFTAR REFERENSI + +Bungin, Burhan. 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. + +____________. 2011. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif: Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebutuhan Publik Serta Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Jakarta: Kencana. + +Cangara, Hafied. 2006. Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. + +Cutlip, M. Scott., Center, H. Allen., Broom, M. Glenn. 2007. Effective Public Relations: Edisi 9. Jakarta: Kencana + +Effendy, Onong Uchjana. 2003. Ilmu, Teori dan Filsafat Komunikasi. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti. + +Harriman, Philips, L & MW Husodo. 1995. Panduan Untuk Memahami Psikologi. Jakarta: Ghalis Indonesia. + +Kaplan, Andreas and Michael HenLine. 2010. Mass Customization: Engineering & Manage in Global Operations. Springer Science. Business Media. + +Kartono, Kartini. 1980. Psikologi Umum. Jakarta: Kosgoro + +Kriyantono, Rachmat. 2010. Teknik Praktis Riset Komunikasi. Jakarta: Kencana. + +Lubis, Suwardi. 2005. Teknologi Komunikasi dan Pembangunan. Medan: USU. + +Margono. 2004. Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. + +Mc.Luhan, Marshall. 1964. Understanding Media: The Extension of Man. USA: A Signet Book. + +Prasetyo, Bambang dan Lina Miftahul Jannah. 2014. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif: Teori dan Aplikasinya. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada Purwanto, Djoko. 2011. Komunikasi Bisnis. Jakarta: Erlangga. + +Rachmat, Jalaluddin. 1984. Metode Penelitian Komunikasi. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. + +Severin, W.J, dkk. 2007. Teori Komunikasi: Sejarah, Metode dan Terapan di Dalam Media Massa. Jakarta. Kencana. + +Singarimbun, Masri dan Sofian Effendi. 2008. Metode Penelitian Survei. Jakarta: LP3ES. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/be17d07e97a34fbdd6ac51712f752dbceec4df8d_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/be17d07e97a34fbdd6ac51712f752dbceec4df8d_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96a410e7898bb0cc0df5eedf1526e6a11531403c --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/be17d07e97a34fbdd6ac51712f752dbceec4df8d_page_6_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +Table 4: Mean PCR amplification efficiencies (n = 4) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Muscle sample #Amplification efficiencies and coefficient of correlation (E/R2)
AS1AS2HPRT
11.921/0.99931.941/0.99931.956/0.9987
22.068/0.99892.104/0.99951.999/0.9995
32.030/0.99892.045/0.99962.028/0.9988
42.011/0.99862.079/0.99931.976/0.9895
+ +Dilutions series used for the determination of the PCR amplification efficiencies for each of the four MHS muscle tissues: 1; 1:5 dilution steps, 2; 1:3 dilution steps, 3; 1:3 dilution steps, 4; 1:3 dilution steps. + +tions of 1:3 dilution steps instead 4 or 5 dilutions of 1:5 dilution steps. + +# Determining the relative allele frequencies + +After assessing the linearity of the reverse transcription reactions and determining the PCR amplification efficiencies, the samples were screened to determine the relative quantities of the two RYR1 alleles in each of the four samples. To confirm accuracy and reproducibility, the allele frequencies were determined by performing three independent experiments. Targets were amplified in triplicate within each experiment. Intra- and inter assay variabilities as obtained by screening sample #1 are shown in Table 5 and 6, respectively. As the results show, both intra- and inter assay variations are low. Several mathematical models are available for relative quantification during real-time PCR. There are some small differences between the individual models. Nevertheless, all relative quantification analyses are based on the assumption that the concentration of the template (e.g. cDNA) at a sample's crossing point is the same for every sample containing the same target cDNA. The model used in this study, is a rearranged version of the efficiency calibrated mathematical method (see Equation + +2) [28]. In this model, calculations are based on E and the Ct values of an unknown "sample" versus a "calibrator". The "target" is the nucleic acid of interest, while the "reference" is a nucleic acid that is found at constant copy number in all samples and serves as an endogenous control. The "calibrator" is typically a sample with a stable ratio of target-to-reference and can be used to normalize all samples within a run, but in addition provides a constant calibration point between several runs. + +\[\text{Normalized ratio}= \frac{(\text{E ref})^{\text{Ct sample}}}{(\text{E target})^{\text{Ct sample}}} \div \frac{(\text{E ref})^{\text{Ct calibrator}}}{(\text{E target})^{\text{Ct calibrator}}}\] + +In this study the relative expression levels of all targets were measured simultaneously in one target tissue. When the two RYR1 alleles have identical mRNA expression levels it can be assumed that their HPRT:AS1 and HPRT:AS2 ratios will also be identical. Therefore, the two can be compared as long as the amplification efficiencies are corrected for. This eliminates the need for a calibrator, and if preferred also the reference. Here, the reference + +Table 5: Intra-assay variability of real-time AS-PCR when screening #1 (n = 3) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Experimentalrun #AS1AS2HPRT
Mean CtStdevCV%Mean CtStdevCV%Mean CtStdevCV%
123.660.130.5424.080.100.4027.210.120.42
223.650.060.0624.130.020.0927.160.050.19
323.530.271.1424.080.110.1127.090.120.43
diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/bec1f712cbe509344bff707560d6eed8f05133b3_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/bec1f712cbe509344bff707560d6eed8f05133b3_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd35f0365b57a2a99a25c603b1c26e246f310fd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/bec1f712cbe509344bff707560d6eed8f05133b3_page_9_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## ANEC CONCLUSIONS FROM THIS AND EARLIER STUDIES COMMISSIONED + +## Concerning Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) + +- Although carbon footprinting offers some new opportunities for product labelling and product specific environmental regulation in principle, the inherent methodological constraints of the approach limits its useful application in practice. + +- As by nature, PCF only focuses on a single environmental aspect – emissions of greenhouse gases - it may lead to the disregard or even amplification of other environmental impacts. + +- A single issue product carbon footprint label or declaration will in most cases not be reliable or useful. A reasonable environmental information system for products as well as environmental product regulation must cover all significant environmental aspects, at least in form of a screening analysis, covering the full product life-cycle. + +- A fundamental problem of PCF studies – similar to this of LCA studies in general – is that the results depend strongly on numerous methodological choices made in the conduct of a study (e.g. relating to the definition of the functional unit including service life time, boundaries, selection of data, scenarios for transport, user behaviour or disposal, allocation rules, etc.). This makes the results reflect a rough approximation of the reality and lack precision, as opposed to results which could be obtained from energy measurements using harmonised, well defined test methods. As a consequence, PCF data from different businesses or other parties are barely comparable. Any policy measure based on such non-robust data would not be successful. + +- The ISO standard on carbon footprint of products currently under development contains only generic rules leaving room for interpretation and will not solve the problem of comparability. + +- Comparable PCF results can only be achieved on the basis of adequate product specific rules complementing generic rules – so-called Product Category Rules – provided that they are elaborated in a transparent and democratic manner involving all relevant stakeholders in a balanced way. However, it would require a high amount of resources to cover only the most important products and it is questionable whether it is worth the expense. + +- Existing carbon labels providing numerical carbon figures are not only doubtful from a methodological perspective but they also do not bring any benefit for consumers. They are hardly understood by consumers and do not enable them to identify the most environmentally friendly products (from a climate change diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/c0d59815ea7ffafa34fb1ba2bc0d2ec6a976f6dd_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/c0d59815ea7ffafa34fb1ba2bc0d2ec6a976f6dd_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5a1cd87fc23c198d22ded7ffa438ae10d5f4c53 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/c0d59815ea7ffafa34fb1ba2bc0d2ec6a976f6dd_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +# Individual Self Reflection 2020 on World Humanitarian Summit Commitments and Initiatives - Ireland diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/c2f9c3c5401162e5f8396dfab110c1d20e9697ec_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/c2f9c3c5401162e5f8396dfab110c1d20e9697ec_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49e625d4c418ecd144d6699aeb8376137a6d0033 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/c2f9c3c5401162e5f8396dfab110c1d20e9697ec_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# БЛАГОДІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ПРАВОСЛАВНИХ БРАТСТВ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОЇ УКРАЇНИ У ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХІХ ст. + +Анотація. Мета статті полягає у висвітленні основних аспектів благодійної роботи православних братств, що діяли на території Правобережної України впродовж ХІХ ст. Методологія. Дослідження ґрунтується на принципах науковості, об’єктивності та історизму, а також на використанні загальнонаукових методів (внутрішньої критики джерел, аналізу, синтезу, узагальнення). Наукова новизна – доповнено матеріали попередніх розвідок про благодійництво у Волинській губернії, а також на основі маловідомих архівних джерел здійснено аналіз благодійної роботи православних братств Подільської губернії. Висновки. Уряд Російської імперії планував здійснювати планомірну роботу щодо зміцнення засад православ’я серед населення південно-західного регіону. Благодійний напрям роботи розглядався як один з можливих варіантів втілення таких завдань. Опікування бідного та малозабезпеченого населення регіону проводилося, частково, з метою впливу на свідомість людей та формування ідей відданості православній вірі. Втілення такої місії частково покладалося і на новостворені православні братства. Встановлено, що, незважаючи на складні соціальні та релігійні зміни, у зазначений період та умови постання й діяльності православних братств, їх благодійництво мало важливе значення як певний вид соціальної роботи серед місцевого населення. У статутних документах, що регулювали роботу православних братств, зазначалася низка завдань, які були спрямовані на проведення благодійницьої роботи. З’ясовано що її основні напрями полягали у забезпеченні безпритульних, тимчасовому харчуванні подорожуючих, наданні матеріальної допомоги та підтримці населення під час епідемій та стихійних лих, виділенні одноразових виплат малозабезпеченим сім’ям, опікуванні дітьми-сиротами. Із аналізу звітної документації братств можемо констатувати, що лише окремі з них проводили результативну діяльність у цьому напрямі. Ключові слова: православні братства, благодійність, лікарня, притулок, Правобережна Україна. + +The Problem Statement. The state policy of the Russian government was aimed at planting orthodoxy and eradicating catholicism (Buravsky, 2021, p. 50). According to I. Nadtoka, “the introduction of a number of discriminatory measures by the tsarist government was aimed at destroying the remnants of the Polish autonomy, russifying the population, as well as expropriating the local Roman Catholic Church and distancing it from the Polish national liberation movement” (Nadtoka, 2019, p. 91). The Russian Orthodox Church occupied a leading position, and it concentrated its activities on the creation of diocesan historical and statistical committees, archival commissions (Koshel’, 2021, p. 42), and the Orthodox fraternities. Restored during the second half of the XIXth century the Orthodox fraternities on the territory of Right-Bank Ukraine were to carry out the tasks set by the Russian government aimed at strengthening the Orthodox Church. In this vein, these organizations were expected to conduct various vector educational activities, in particular, much attention was paid to charitable work. The Analysis of Sources and Recent Researches. A significant array of historiography of the issue under analysis are scientific studies during the XXth century. This topic is presented in the publications of domestic scholars: Alioshyna O. (Aloshyna, 2019), Donik O. (Donik, 2005), Men’ko V. (Men’ko, 2018), Tymochko I. (Tymochko, 2010), Grigoruk O. (Grigoruk, 2008) published a number of articles devoted to the emergence, educational activities and participation of the Orthodox fraternities in the cultural life of Volyn and Podilsk provinces. However, in these researches, the authors analyzed the aspects of philanthropy briefly. In the publications there were used archival documents of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, which supplemented and clarified the materials of previous scientific articles on this issue. An important source for the study was the periodicals “Volyn Diocesan Gazette” diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/c3cf298d738326972172d691ea81eab01183ae6d_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/c3cf298d738326972172d691ea81eab01183ae6d_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2037c81ec8ddab8c369a79ac0067f9b0f353be5a --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/c3cf298d738326972172d691ea81eab01183ae6d_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +# DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (BY COURSEWORK) TRINITY TERM 2019 + +# Global Health Science + +| Monday | 06 May 14:30 | Advanced Global Health Science | +| --- | --- | --- | +| Tuesday | 07 May 09:30 | Principles of Statistics and Principles of Epidemiology | + +Examinations will be three hours unless otherwise indicated. + +## Candidates are requested to attend as follows: + +EXAMINATION SCHOOLS, High Street, Oxford, OX1 4BG. + +S. WORDSWORTH Chair diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/c5ffbfb2cfeeb637cd37502a931101f5c0922f64_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/c5ffbfb2cfeeb637cd37502a931101f5c0922f64_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6da2104e46b5078cf96e01fcf665b44b51b6cc7e --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/c5ffbfb2cfeeb637cd37502a931101f5c0922f64_page_7_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +400 + +80 + +300 + +60 + +200 + +40 + +20 + +Number of Proteins + +Coverage + +| | | [icon] | | | [icon] | | [icon] | Accuracy | | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | +| 0 | | [icon] | [icon] | | 0 | | | | | +| 0 | 10 | 20 30 40 Number of keywords | 50 | 60 | 0 | 10 | 20 30 40 Number of keywords | 50 | 60 | + +Fig. 3. Performance improves with number of keywords. (a) Keyword distribution in test set: Most test proteins had 2–5 keywords. + +(b) Performance as a function of keywords: The prediction accuracy and coverage were both nearly 100% for proteins with more than 30 keywords. The coverage (thin line) tends to increase with the number of keywords. The accuracy was observed to decrease first (thick line) before increasing. + +Table 3. Automatically annotating sub-cellular localization for five proteomes + +Nprota + +OneKeyb + +LOCkeyc + +Homologyd signalPe predictNLS f + +Organism + +| Arabidopsis thaliana (plant) | 25456 | 6703 | 3598 | 1961 | 100 | 16 | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | +| Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) | 18898 | 3584 | 1999 | 1240 | 60 | 22 | +| Drosophila melanogaster (fly) | 14184 | 4010 | 2430 | 1501 | 66 | 24 | +| Homo sapiens (human, partial) | 31073 | 16522 | 10174 | 6057 | 100 | 23 | +| Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) | 6306 | 3691 | 1747 | 837 | 3 | 20 | +| SUM | 95917 | 34510 | 19948 | 11596 | | | + +a Nprot: Number of proteins in proteome; bOneKey: Number of proteins with at least one keyword in SWISS-PROT that matches our trusted vectors (System); cLOCkey: number of proteins for which LOCkey inferred sub-cellular localization in ten classes (Table 1; note: these results were obtained using the entropy thresholds that gave 87% testing accuracy, Figure 2); d Homology: sub-cellular localization inferred using homology, i.e. sequence similarity to proteins of known localization taken from SWISS-PROT (at a threshold of HSSP-distance \(>15\); at this distance the assignment through homology yielded levels around 90% accuracy, Nair and Rost, unpublished); esignalP: percentage of predicted extra-cellular proteins also predicted to contain a signal peptide (Nielsen et al., 1997); f predictNLS: percentage of predicted nuclear proteins also predicted to have a nuclear localization signal (Cokol et al., 2000). Note that LOCkey enabled to annotate 8352 eukaryotic proteins of unknown localization (19 948–11 596). + +the major source of error in predicting nuclear and extracellular proteins. One reason could be that experimental annotations are less accurate for cytoplasmic proteins. Another reason could be that proteins do in fact shuttle between the cytoplasm and other localizations and that our ‘errors’ really captured proteins that could also occur in the predicted class. This interpretation was somewhat supported by the finding that LOCkey often found the correct class in the first two hits. In other words, when replacing the binary classification accuracy (a protein can only be in one single localization) by a probabilistic measure (one protein can be in many compartments), LOCkey appeared more accurate. + +We applied LOCkey to five (yeast, worm, fly, human, and arabidopsis) entirely sequenced eukaryotic proteomes. We could infer localization for over 8300 proteins for which localization could not have been detected by any other automatic system. Three types of methods can infer or predict localization in the context of entire proteomes: + +(1) homology to proteins of known localization, (2) detection of sequence motifs, and (3) prediction from sequence and structure. In our group, we simultaneously work on all these types of methods. LOCkey is most relevant for the coverage achieved by homology-based methods, since it allows one to automatically increase the data set of proteins of known localization for which we can apply diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/c637044e100f992dca35ef32f58bdc3ee726b0f5_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/c637044e100f992dca35ef32f58bdc3ee726b0f5_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73d92c92149f4f9a3ff1e7337012fce7e438373c --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/c637044e100f992dca35ef32f58bdc3ee726b0f5_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +## • National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: V. The 2014 Ancillary Therapy and Supportive Care Working Group Report BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION + +Carpenter, P. A., Kitko, C. L., Elad, S., Flowers, M. E., Gea-Banacloche, J. C., Halter, J. P., Hoodin, F., Johnston, L., Lawitschka, A., McDonald, G. B., Opipari, A. W., Savani, B. N., Schultz, et al 2015; 21 (7): 1167-1187 + +- A Multicenter Phase I/II Study of Relapse Prophylaxis with Nilotinib after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) for High-Risk Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive (Ph plus ) Leukemias + +Carpenter, P. A., Johnston, L., Fernandez, H., Radich, J., Mauro, M. J., Flowers, M. D., Martin, P. J., Gooley, T. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC.2015: S274–S276 + +- Encouraging Results of a Phase II Trial of Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate, Azithromycin, and Montelukast (FAM) May Maintain Lung Function in Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation + +Williams, K. M., Cheng, G., Pusic, I., Jagasia, M. H., Burns, L. J., Ho, V. T., Pidala, J., Palmer, J., Johnston, L., Mayer, S., Jacobsohn, D. A., Martin, P. J., Storer, et al ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC.2015: S61–S62 + +## • BOS after HCT: Preceding Events, Diagnostic Characteristics, and Natural History of Patients Treated on a Prospective Trial + +Cheng, G., Pusic, I., Jagasia, M. H., Burns, L. J., Ho, V. T., Pidala, J., Palmer, J., Johnston, L., Mayer, S., Chai, X., Lee, S. J., Williams, K. M. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC.2015: S172–S173 + +- Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant for normal karyotype AML: indirect evidence of selection for adverse molecular profile. Bone marrow transplantation + +Percival, M. M., Medeiros, B. C., Tian, L., Robeson, S., Laport, G. G., Johnston, L. J., Shizuru, J. A., Miklos, D. B., Arai, S., Weng, W. K., Negrin, R. S., Lowsky, R. 2015 + +- Non-Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplantation Resulting in Clinical and Molecular Remission with Low Non-Relapse Mortality (NRM) in Patients with Advanced Stage Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome (SS) + +Weng, W., Armstrong, R., Arai, S., Johnston, L., Laport, G. G., Lowsky, R., Miklos, D. B., Shizuru, J. A., Benjamin, J. E., Negrin, R. S., Reddy, S., Million, L., Hoppe, et al AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY.2014 + +- Sleep Disruption in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: Prevalence, Severity, and Clinical Management BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION + +Jim, H. S., Evans, B., Jeong, J. M., Gonzalez, B. D., Johnston, L., Nelson, A. M., Kesler, S., Phillips, K. M., Barata, A., Pidala, J., Palesh, O. 2014; 20 (10): 1465-1484 + +- Sleep disruption in hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: prevalence, severity, and clinical management. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation + +Jim, H. S., Evans, B., Jeong, J. M., Gonzalez, B. D., Johnston, L., Nelson, A. M., Kesler, S., Phillips, K. M., Barata, A., Pidala, J., Palesh, O. 2014; 20 (10): 1465-1484 + +## • Tacrolimus/sirolimus vs tacrolimus/methotrexate as GVHD prophylaxis after matched, related donor allogeneic HCT BLOOD + +Cutler, C., Logan, B., Nakamura, R., Johnston, L., Choi, S., Porter, D., Hogan, W. J., Pasquini, M., MacMillan, M. L., Hsu, J. W., Waller, E. K., Grupp, S., McCarthy, et al + +2014; 124 (8): 1372-1377 + +- Total lymphoid irradiation-antithymocyte globulin conditioning and allogeneic transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation + +Benjamin, J., Chhabra, S., Kohrt, H. E., Lavori, P., Laport, G. G., Arai, S., Johnston, L., Miklos, D. B., Shizuru, J. A., Weng, W., Negrin, R. S., Lowsky, R. 2014; 20 (6): 837-843 + +- Outcome of Tandem Autologous/Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in High-Risk Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients: Stanford University Experience + +Wudhikarn, K., Lavori, P., Arai, S., Johnston, L., Laport, G. G., Lowsky, R., Miklos, D. B., Shizuru, J. A., Hoppe, R. T., Benjamin, J., Meyer, E., Negrin, R., Weng, et al ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC.2014: S164 + +- Ocular Gvhd: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Impact on Quality of Life-a Chronic Gvhd Consortium Study + +Jagasia, M. H., Chai, X., Pidala, J., Inamoto, Y., Arora, M., Cutler, C. S., Flowers, M. D., Johnston, L., Pavletic, S. Z., Lee, S. J. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/c655ed75d1f645f3ddc601f992a7d99c845a5e6f_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/c655ed75d1f645f3ddc601f992a7d99c845a5e6f_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c9baae67dcc4eadc85687b620ddf4af7f7d8c06 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/c655ed75d1f645f3ddc601f992a7d99c845a5e6f_page_8_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF holds no text for it.[^inferred] + +sel, kerusakan DNA, instabilitas genomik, dan akhirnya menyebabkan proliferasi sel yang tidak terkontrol. 33 Kerusakan DNA oleh RONS terjadi melalui dua mekanisme, yaitu transversi asam amino G-T dan pembentukan DNA adducts (bagian DNA yang berikatan kovalen dengan karsinogen). Bila hal ini terjadi pada onkogen atau gen supresor tumor, akan terjadi inisiasi dan progresi kanker. 17 Pada satu sel kanker kolorektal diperkirakan terjadi sedikitnya 11 000 mutasi DNA yang mungkin disebabkan oleh RONS. 34 + +Kadar premutagenic DNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxy guanosine yang tinggi pada jaringan kolon dan plasma pasien IBD menunjukkan peranan stres oksidatif dalam karsinogenesis kolorektal. 35 Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stres oksidatif dapat menyebabkan aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B. Hubungan antara RONS dan aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B masih belum jelas, tetapi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B dapat ditekan oleh antioksidan. 36 Diduga RONS dapat mengaktifkan NF- \(\kappa\) B melalui jalur TLR-4. 15 Aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B akan merangsang produksi sitokin proinflamasi seperti IL-6 dan TNF- \(\alpha\) yang merangsang pertumbuhan sel tumor dan selanjutnya kembali merangsang aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B. 28 Selain itu beberapa sitokin proinflamasi seperti TNF- \(\alpha\) dan IL-1 \(\beta\) juga dapat meningkatkan produksi RONS, sehingga membentuk suatu positive feedback loop . 37 + +NF- \(\kappa\) B juga menekan apoptosis melalui induksi ekspresi gen anti-apoptotik seperti Bcl-2 family members and caspase inhibitor . 8 Selain itu, NF- \(\kappa\) B juga dapat menginduksi produksi COX-2 dan inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). COX-2 merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam sintesis prostaglandin, seperti prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) yang berperan sebagai regulator angiogenesis dan inhibitor apoptosis. Sedangkan iNOS menginduksi kerusakan DNA dan merangsang pembentukan mikrovaskulatur melalui produksi nitric oxide . Pada kanker kolorektal ditemukan peningkatan ekspresi COX-2 dan iNOS. Penghambatan keduanya terbukti menghambat tumorigenesis. 38 NF- \(\kappa\) B juga diduga memiliki kemampuan untuk merangsang metastasis tumor dan angiogenesis. NF- \(\kappa\) B menginduksi produksi matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) dan enzim proteolitik yang merangsang invasi tumor ke jaringan sekitar. 6 Aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B juga dapat menstimulasi angiogenesis melalui peningkatan ekspresi IL-8 dan vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 39,40 + +Buah merah merupakan sumber antioksidan eksogen yang kaya akan karotenoid dan \(\alpha\) -tokoferol. Karotenoid yang terkandung dalam buah merah, antara lain \(\alpha\) -karoten, \(\beta\) -karoten, dan \(\beta\) -kriptosantin. 21 Beberapa studi epidemiologis menunjukkan bahwa orang yang mengonsumsi sayur dan buah yang kaya akan karotenoid memiliki risiko terkena kanker kolorektal yang lebih rendah. 25 Pemberian vitamin E 200 IU/hari juga terbukti dapat menurunkan insiden kanker kolorektal. Alfa-tokoferol merupakan salah satu bentuk vitamin E dengan potensi antioksidan yang kuat. Mekanisme kerja vitamin E secara umum adalah dengan mencegah akumulasi radikal bebas dan aktivasi endonuklease. Selain itu, karena sifatnya + +yang larut dalam lemak, \(\alpha\) -tokoferol terutama berfungsi untuk melindungi membran sel dari peroksidasi lipid. 36 Beberapa penelitian in vitro menunjukkan bahwa pemberian vitamin C dan vitamin E ( \(\alpha\) -tokoferol) pada sel dendritik yang distimulasi dengan lipopolisakarida (LPS) dapat menurunkan produksi RONS, menghambat fosforilasi IkB dan menghambat aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B. 26 Pemberian N-acetylcystein dan \(\alpha\) -tokoferol pada neutrofil yang dirangsang LPS dapat menghambat aktivasi IkB kinase, mencegah translokasi NF- \(\kappa\) B ke dalam nukleus dan menurunkan produksi sitokin proinflamasi. 15 + +Karotenoid dan asam retinoat diduga dapat meregulasi faktor transkripsi seperti NF- \(\kappa\) B dan activator protein 1 (AP-1). Pemberian \(\beta\) -karoten pada makrofag yang distimulasi LPS menurunkan ekspresi iNOS, TNF- \(\alpha\) , IL-1 \(\beta\) , dan COX-2, serta menurunkan produksi NO dan PGE2 melalui mekanisme penghambatan aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B. Penghambatan aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B oleh \(\beta\) -karoten dicapai melalui dua mekanisme, yaitu melalui penghambatan degradasi IkB dan penghambatan akumulasi ROS. 41 Pemberian \(\beta\) -karoten pada sel yang mengalami stres oksidatif dapat menekan aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B serta produksi sitokin proinflamasi seperti IL-6 dan TNF- \(\alpha\) . 36 Selain itu, penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa \(\beta\) -karoten dapat mengaktifkan protein proapoptotik caspase dan menghambat protein antiapoptotik Bcl-2 pada sel adenokarsinoma kolon HT-29. 42 + +Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pada kelompok yang diinduksi CAC dan diberikan minyak buah merah (kelompok perlakuan buah merah), didapatkan rerata kadar NF- \(\kappa\) B kolon yang lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok yang diinduksi CAC tanpa diberikan minyak buah merah (kelompok kontrol AOM/DSS). Diduga antioksidan yang terkandung dalam buah merah dapat menghambat aktivasi NF- \(\kappa\) B baik secara langsung melalui penghambatan aktivasi IkB kinase maupun melalui penghambatan RONS. + +Kesimpulan + +Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian minyak buah merah menurunkan kadar NF- \(\kappa\) B kolon pada mencit model CAC. + +Ucapan Terima Kasih + +Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ibu Dr. Ingrid S. Surono dan Bapak Reinhard Thung untuk bahan uji minyak buah merah. + +Daftar Pustaka + +1. Danese S, Mantovani A. Inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer: a paradigm of the yin-yang interplay between inflammation and cancer. Oncogene . 2010;29:3313-23. 2. Balkwill F, Mantovani A. Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow? Lancet . 2001;357(9255):539-45. 3. Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Balkwill F. Cancer-related inflammation. Nature . 2008;454:436-44. 4. Mantovani A. Cancer-related inflammation: the seventh hallmark of cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol . 2009;723-6. + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/c863e36ed1e5fd97f3330d84a7a25ca034fe20dc_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/c863e36ed1e5fd97f3330d84a7a25ca034fe20dc_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1087b3e17968f3f1b5dea6c0a3bcba2110659818 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/c863e36ed1e5fd97f3330d84a7a25ca034fe20dc_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +J. Appl. Cryst. (1974). 7, 222 + +A Comparative Study of X-ray Huang Scattering and Neutron Small-Angle Scattering from Co Precipitates in Cu + +BY W. SCHMATZ + +Institut für Festkörperforschung der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich, Germany (BRD) + +AND B. C. LARSON + +Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, U.S.A. + +In solid-state physics small-angle scattering near the reciprocal origin is a subcase of the more general situation of studying diffuse scattering at Bragg reflexions. In this work two difficulties connected with scattering studies on metal alloys near Bragg reflexion (Huang scattering) have been overcome. These are the smearing because of the crystal mosaic spread and an incomplete scattering theory. Cu-1% Co single crystals with low dislocation densities and very regular cell structures have been grown by the Bridgman technique (F. W. Young, Oak Ridge) and were homogenized at 1000 °C for 14 days. Rod-like cells 1 mm 2 cross section by more than 10 mm long showed in Bragg scattering the intrinsic line width of perfect copper. Thus, Huang scattering could be observed very close to the Bragg peaks both in the radial and the azimuthal directions. The scattering resulting from Co precipitates of about 150 Å diameter was a factor ten above the background defined by the scattering from quenched samples. It was studied in a large region of reciprocal space around the 400 reflexion both with a two- and a three-axis spectrometer. After correction for the well-resolved interparticle interference effect the scattering data were compared with the theoretical scattering cross sections for a single particle. The cross sections are obtained from the Fourier transform of [exp (i h . s) - 1] in which s and h are the displacement and reciprocal-lattice vectors respectively. The difficulties were (i) that h . s is large and the usual expansion of the exponential was not possible, and (ii) the cubic anisotropy of the Cu matrix must be taken into account. For the calculation of the scattering cross sections, in addition to the known lattice-parameter change, only a single adjustable parameter is required, namely the mean radius of the spherical precipitates. With this it is possible to explain the shape, the asymmetry and the absolute intensity of the X-ray Huang scattering. In addition, the same mean radius explains satisfactorily the absolute scattering curve in an independent neutron small-angle scattering experiment on the same sample. + +J. Appl. Cryst. (1974). 7, 222 + +Neutron Irradiation Damage in Boron Carbide + +BY H. E. KISSINGER + +Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington, U.S.A. + +AND W. V. CUMMINGS AND D. E. MAHAGIN + +Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington, U.S.A. + +Boron carbide is a potential neutron-absorber material for fast-reactor control systems. It is, therefore, essential that its response to prolonged fast-neutron irradiation be well characterized. Because of the brittle, frangible nature of B 4 C, thinning for microstructural analysis by electron microscopy is a tedious, and frequently unsuccessful, procedure. Small-angle scattering techniques do not require such elaborate sample preparation and have been employed in post-irradiation characterization of irradiated B 4 C. Samples irradiated at 760 °C to 8 × 10 20 captures/cm 3 showed very strong scattering, characteristic of double-Bragg effects. The high-angle diffraction lines were much broadened also. These observations indicated that short-range strain fields were created by the defect configurations present in the sample. The double-Bragg scattering was reduced by post-irradiation annealing and was replaced by a particle-size scattering which could be analyzed by conventional techniques. The nature of the observed scattering was such that the responsible defect configurations must have a minimum electron density, namely voids, three-dimensional vacancy clusters or helium-filled bubbles. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy confirmed these conclusions. + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/cbcfa6b3b950d63c6ccd18c7e7eb2a6b3233436f_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/cbcfa6b3b950d63c6ccd18c7e7eb2a6b3233436f_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5395c742a7511cba941ac2edbb8e60490f752ba --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/cbcfa6b3b950d63c6ccd18c7e7eb2a6b3233436f_page_2_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +environment through art can be thought in fact as being complementary to each other. + +# Arts-based environmental education + +In the early nineties of the twentieth century, a new form of environmental education was conceptualized in Finland, in which artistic practice plays a key role. Different from other types of outdoor or environmental education which offer room for aesthetic experiences – such as the “flow learning” approach outlined in the popular nature awareness books of Joseph Cornell, the “earth education” programs of Steve Van Matre, and “place-based education” as promoted by David Sobel – arts-based environmental education turns the tables in a fundamental way. Art is not an added quality, the icing on the cake; it is rather the point of departure in the effort to find ways in which children can connect to nature. To make this clearer it may be instructive to dwell a little on the potential of art practice in education. What is art? In the definition of Finnish artist Osmo Rauhala (2003, p. 24), art is one of man’s antennae stretched out to sense the world: “It is a way of existing and of understanding one’s existence.... By sensitizing our perceptions, it makes us susceptible to new information, which may not necessarily come to us in the form of language.” Art activities offer a person unique, often noncognitive ways of interpreting and signifying experiences in the world. They have a tendency to reach the sensory, perceptual, emotional, cognitive, symbolic and creative levels of human beings. Through the making and contemplation of art, a person’s ability enhances to get in closer touch with the inner levels of the psyche. At the same time, such activities feed and guide our sensibility for reality and life. They can sharpen and refine our perception and make us sensitive for the mystery of the things around us. In the context of learning about nature, art thus seems to have a potential that conventional nature education approaches lack, as these are more often than not based on a model of handing over a body of knowledge that is already established in advance. + +Through art, we can see and approach the outside world afresh. Art can hit us unexpectedly, catch us off-guard, and sometimes provoke us. This estrangement or defamiliarization is an important quality of art. It helps us to review and renew our understandings of everyday things and events which are so familiar to us that our perception of them has become routine. In that sense working with art encompasses a learning process that is inherently experiential and open-ended. Seeking and pushing the boundaries. American cartoonist Scott Adams once put it this way: “Creativity is allowing yourself to make mistakes. Art is knowing which ones to keep.” And Stephen Nachmnovitch has beautifully elaborated how, in musical improvisation, your “mistakes” can be meaningful gifts that allow you to move along in new and exciting ways. Finally, art can open us up to chaos, to the presence of contradiction, paradox and ambiguity. Especially this latter quality of art can be of great value in our current times, as I will try to elucidate later. In 1995, Finnish art educator Meri-Helga Mantere defined arts-based environmental education (AEE) as a form of learning that aims to develop environmental understanding and responsibility “by becoming more receptive to sense perceptions and observations and by using artistic methods to express personal environmental experiences and thoughts” (1995, p. 1).1 In her view, AEE can also be an approach that teachers can employ to address matters of value and lifestyle with the children, particularly questions that are raised by the ecological crisis. When such issues are approached using artistic methods “otherwise unattainable + +1 The aspect of “environment” in arts-based environmental education, as it is being developed in Finland, pertains to both the built (man-made) environment and the natural environment. In that way the connotation of the word is more in line with the use of the word in “environmental art” than with Anglo-Saxon meanings of environmental or outdoor education. My focus in this paper is primarily on AEE as a specific approach to connect to nature, or more aptly, to what David Abram (1996) called the “more-than-human-world.” diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/cc2796964f8b0d5d37bc7349dd61830449387cf7_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/cc2796964f8b0d5d37bc7349dd61830449387cf7_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0112a945b93579dc0b4e64d407af73c773448994 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/cc2796964f8b0d5d37bc7349dd61830449387cf7_page_4_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +taking into account their views and potential risks and benefits of treatment options. Production of evidence-based patient information aimed at facilitating discussion and assisting an informed choice might be one way forward. As for increasing training exposure, consultants of today need to start considering the older antipsychotics as viable treatment options. + +# Funding + +G.M.K. was supported by a clinical research fellowship grant from the Wellcome Trust (094790/Z/10/Z; 2010-‘13). P.B.J. has received research grants from the Wellcome Trust (095844/Z/11/Z & 088869/Z/09/Z) and the NIHR (RP-PG-0606-1335), + +# Acknowledgements + +We thank trainees for taking part in the survey and Dr Stephen Jones, core programme director for NSFT, and Rosie Peck, postgraduate medical training administrator, for their help with the survey. + +# About the authors + +Claire R. M. Dibben is a consultant psychiatrist, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK. Golam M. Khandaker is a clinical lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, and Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. Benjamin R. Underwood is a consultant psychiatrist and Christopher O’Loughlin is a consultant psychiatrist, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. Catherine Keep is a consultant psychiatrist, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich. Louisa Mann is a consultant psychiatrist, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, and Peter B. Jones is Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Deputy Head of University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, and an honorary consultant psychiatrist, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. + +# References + +1 + +Bret P, Bret MC, Queuille E. Prescribing patterns of antipsychotics in 13 French psychiatric hospitals [in French]. L’Encephale 2009; 35: 129-38. + +2 + +Koranek AM, Smith TL, Mican LM, Rascati KL. Impact of the CATIE trial on antipsychotic prescribing patterns at a state psychiatric facility. Schizophr Res 2012; 137: 137-40. + +3 + +Park SC, Lee MS, Kang SG, Lee SH. Patterns of antipsychotic prescription to patients with schizophrenia in Korea: results from the health insurance review and assessment service - national patient sample. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29: 719-28. + +4 + +Jauhar S, Guloksuz S, Andlauer O, Lydall G, Marques JG, Mendonca L, et al. Choice of antipsychotic treatment by European psychiatry trainees: are decisions based on evidence? BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12: 27. + +5 + +Cheng F, Jones PB. Drug treatments for schizophrenia: pragmatism in trial design shows lack of progress in drug design. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2013; 22: 223-33. + +6 + +Underwood BR. Dominance of second-generation antipsychotics - time for reflection? Psychiatr Bull 2007; 31: 233. + +7 + +Jones PB, Barnes TR, Davies L, Dunn G, Lloyd H, Hayhurst KP, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect on Quality of Life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study (CUtLASS 1). Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 1079-87. + +8 + +Lewis S, Lieberman J. CATIE and CUtLASS: can we handle the truth? Br J Psychiatry 2008; 192: 161-3. + +9 + +Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, Swartz MS, Rosenheck RA, Perkins DO, et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1209-23. + +10 + +Peluso MJ, Lewis SW, Barnes TR, Jones PB. Extrapyramidal motor side-effects of first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs. Br J Psychiatry 2012; 200: 387-92. + +11 + +National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Psychosis and Schizophrenia: Treatment and Management (CG178). NICE, 2014. + +12 + +Farde L, Nordstrom AL, Wiesel FA, Pauli S, Halldin C, Sedvall G. Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine: relation to extrapyramidal side effects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 538-44. + +13 + +Owens DC. Meet the relatives: a reintroduction to the clinical pharmacology of ‘typical’ antipsychotics (Part 2). Adv Psychiatr Treat 2012; 18: 337-50. + +14 + +Karthik MS, Warikoo N, Chakrabarti S, Grover S, Kulhara P. Attitudes towards antipsychotics among patients with schizophrenia on first- or second-generation medications. Indian J Psychol Med 2014; 36: 288-93. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +![](figure) diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/ce07fcbef4260468df457d1ea31d794a5beec3c9_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/ce07fcbef4260468df457d1ea31d794a5beec3c9_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4b90e6b42c27fd5a9f0fff5e89650acb20ccb69 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/ce07fcbef4260468df457d1ea31d794a5beec3c9_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Available Financial Support + +Summer Internship, Graduate School, Post Bac. Experiences, Medical School, M.D./Ph.D. Programs, Postdoctoral Fellowships. Are you interested in a summer internship or perhaps seeking support for graduate school, medical school, an M.D./Ph.D. degree program or a postdoctoral research experience? Maybe you have not applied to graduate or medical school yet and would like to do research for a year or two at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland or some other place in the United States. Don't wait any longer. Email me now. I will help you with the arrangements. For aditional information on Summer internship please click here + +Joomla SEO powered by JoomSEF + +# Dr. Anthony A. René . diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/cea8801d9bc555aa14a89c61aee69103f824ae13_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/cea8801d9bc555aa14a89c61aee69103f824ae13_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d04d80ae95eda08afad4555be5169f021850be06 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/cea8801d9bc555aa14a89c61aee69103f824ae13_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +FIG. 1. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of symbiotic bacteria in human body lice. (A) A first-instar nymph with a large round stomach disc at the center of the ventral abdomen. The symbiont cells are specifically detected in the stomach disc. (B) An enlarged image of the stomach disc. The location of the symbiont cells exhibited radial compartment-like structures. (C) An adult male, in which the symbiont is localized in the stomach disc. (D) An adult female, in which the symbiont is not detected in the stomach disc but in the lateral oviducts and the posterior poles of oocytes. (E) An enlarged image of the female reproductive organs. (F) An enlarged image of an oocyte. The arrows and arrowheads indicate the lateral oviducts and the posterior poles of oocytes, respectively. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/cfbe79724feedf08f6e55cea253a979a9ccadd89_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/cfbe79724feedf08f6e55cea253a979a9ccadd89_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c3c64e975a1f8a32e0abdfe4d5e35d8929768f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/cfbe79724feedf08f6e55cea253a979a9ccadd89_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +jalan Minyak, lampu kilang minyak seakan berebutan mengeluarkan terangnya, nyala api diujung flare dengan gagah memimpin beribu watt, sesekali menyemburkan nyalanya. Kawasan ini merupakan access jalan menuju kantor Pertamina dan Total EP Indonesie, saat senja mulai merambat, cahaya lampu pun satu demi satu mulai keluar. + +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +diolah dari berbagai sumber. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/d0708742ef79dfdb1a564ba5e160df97943c81b2_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/d0708742ef79dfdb1a564ba5e160df97943c81b2_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b30322f36c4db2d0cc7eae44c5f3d32360fbaec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/d0708742ef79dfdb1a564ba5e160df97943c81b2_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +Fig 1. Number of patients, number of patient visits, and number of residents per academic year. + +percentage of time in clinic for 1-year periods (academic years) for PGY levels ranged from 10% to 30%. Over the 17 years, there were 111 885 visits. After excluding nonresident visits (eg, attending or other professional visits), we counted 79 031 visits that met criteria for our study. Of these visits, 4% (3105) were excluded because the provider could not be clearly identified. There were 75 926 visits left for analyses. The number of patients per year ranged from 751 to 2355 (Fig 1). The number of patient visits per year ranged from 2439 to 6867. Overall and of the visits that qualified for this study, the percentage of visits for WCC was 38% and for sick care was 62%. The percentage of visits for WCC increased from 23% in 1982 to 40% in 1998. Our initial analysis included all visits (sick and well). We found continuity to vary with percentage of time in clinic (Table 1). It was highest (65.3%) when the percentage of time in clinic was 30% (3 half-day sessions per week). There was a significant correlation between continuity and the percentage of time in clinic \((r.22,P.01)\). + +TABLE 1. + +Percentage of Time in Clinic Versus Continuity Measured by the PHY Formula + +| % Time in Clinic | No. of Residents | Mean Continuity (SD) | Range | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | +| 10 | 302 | 55.6 (10.7) | 23.0–80.0 | +| 17.5 | 15 | 53.9 (9.3) | 37.8–69.1 | +| 20.8 | 32 | 56.8 (8.6) | 37.7–75.5 | +| 23.4 | 16 | 60.9 (9.4) | 40.4–74.5 | +| 24.1 | 13 | 58.9 (9.7) | 40.9–75.4 | +| 25 | 46 | 63.4 (10.5) | 33.7–80.9 | +| 28.5 | 15 | 44.8 (13.1) | 8.6–64.1 | +| 30 | 49 | 65.3 (11.6) | 41.1–85.6 | + +One half day in clinic equals 10% for percentage time in clinic. Percentage of time in clinic was averaged for each academic year for each level of training. + +From the multivariable model, we established 3 significant predictors of continuity: percentage of time in clinic, postgraduate level of training, and academic year (all \(P.01\); Table 2). The multivariate analysis allowed the determining of the effect size of 11%: for every increase in percentage of time in clinic of 10% or 1 half-day, physician continuity improves by 11%. Level of training (PGY1, 2, or 3) and academic year (1982–1998) were also predictors of continuity (Table Tables 2 and 3). Interns had a mean continuity of 57.2% (SD: 8.9; range: 31.8–78.3). PGY2 residents had a mean continuity of 62.1 (SD: 10.1; range: 39.6–85.6). PGY3 residents had a mean continuity of 52.4 (SD: 13.0; range: 8.6–83.7). Mean continuity varied with academic year (4). We repeated the analyses with sick visits only and WCC visits only (Table 3). Physician continuity decreased for sick visits only and increased for WCC visits only. Interns had a mean continuity of 57.2% for all visits, 30.1% for sick visits only, and 95.4% for WCC visits only. At the PGY2 level, residents had a mean continuity of 62.1% for all visits, 38.3% for sick visits only, and 96% for WCC visits only. When limited to sick visits, the correlation coefficient between continuity and the percentage of time in clinic improved to \(.58(P.01)\). When limited to sick visits only, postgraduate level of training and academic year were no longer significant predictors of continuity. The effect size of percentage of time in clinic on continuity remained 11%. When limited to WCC visits only, there was no significant correlation between continuity and the percentage of time in clinic. + +# DISCUSSION + +A continuous relationship between patient/family and a health care provider has been long esteemed. + +TABLE 2. + +Predictors of Physician Continuity, Measured by + +PHY Formula + +| Variable % time in clinic PGY 1 | -1 (SE) 1.1* (.19) 8.4 (1.2) | 95% CI 0.7–1.4 5.2–9.5 | P Value .01 .01 | +| --- | --- | --- | --- | +| PGY 2 | 11 (.96) | 9.0–13 | .01 | +| PGY 3 | Reference | Reference | Reference | +| Academic year 1982 | -14 (4.0) | -22 to -6.5 | .01 | +| 1983 | -20.3 (3.8) | -28 to -13 | .01 | +| 1984 | -22 (4) | -30 to -14.6 | .01 | +| 1985 | -18 (3.7) | -26 to -11 | .01 | +| 1986 | -16.7 (3.6) | -23.8 to -9.6 | .01 | +| 1987 | -19.2 (3.5) | -26.2 to -12.3 | .01 | +| 1988 | -24 (4) | -31 to -16 | .01 | +| 1989 | -27 (4.3) | -35.7 to -18.8 | .01 | +| 1990 | -4.5 (2.6) | -9.7 to 0.7 | .09 | +| 1991 | -8.9 (2.4) | -14 to -4.2 | .01 | +| 1992 | -10 (2.2) | -14 to -5.7 | .01 | +| 1993 | -11 (2.1) | -15 to -7 | .01 | +| 1994 | -13.2 (2.2) | -18 to -8.8 | .01 | +| 1995 | -14.6 (2.1) | -18.8 to -10.5 | .01 | +| 1996 | -9.3 (2.1) | -13.4 to -5.2 | .01 | +| 1997 | -6.0 (2.1) | -10 to -1.9 | .01 | +| 1998 | Reference | Reference | Reference | + +All visits (sick and WCC visits) were included. Intercept \(47\). CI indicates confidence interval. + +* value of 1.1 is for a change of 1% of time in continuity clinic. The effect size of a increase in 1 half day (10% of resident’s time) is 11% increase in continuity. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/d461e0d4c1e3bd3086b2131cd6e4db98a67dd329_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/d461e0d4c1e3bd3086b2131cd6e4db98a67dd329_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..402d6ee6063b707e32937ad39fec4609186321ea --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/d461e0d4c1e3bd3086b2131cd6e4db98a67dd329_page_3_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +## Graduation Rates First-Time, Full-Time Baccalaureate Degree-Seeking Students Entering the College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Fall 2003 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FirstCumulativeCumulative
# ofTerm's# of4 Year5 Year6 Year
StudentsMajorFirst Term'sStudentsGraduationGraduationGraduation
Entering*CIP Code MajorGraduatingMajor at Time of DegreeRateRateRate
1Business Economics - 5 yrs
1Chemistry - 5 yrs
1Criminal Justice - Baccalaureate - 5 yrs
2Early Childhood Education - 5 yrs
1Exercise Science - 5 yrs
1Food & Nutrition Coordinated - 5 yrs
1General Studies - 5 yrs
1Hospitality Management - 5 yrs
1Individualized Curriculum Program - 5 yrs
1Information Technology - B - 5 yrs
1Integrated Language Arts Education - 5 yrs
1Integrated Social Studies Education - 5 yrs
1Marketing Management - 5 yrs
1Merchandising, Fashion & Interior Design - 5 yrs
1Nursing BSN - G - 5 yrs
1Philosophy - 5 yrs
2Physical Education - 5 yrs
1Telecommunication Studies - 5 yrs
1Accounting - 6 yrs
1Advertising & Public Relations - 6 yrs
1Anthropology - 6 yrs
1Biology - 6 yrs
1Environmental Studies - 6 yrs
1Exercise Science - 6 yrs
1Family & Consumer Studies - 6 yrs
1Finance - 6 yrs
1General Administration - 6 yrs
1Industrial & Systems Engineering - 6 yrs
1Integrated Social Studies Education - 6 yrs
44Total degrees awarded within 6 years
363College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences8.51%22.25%28.57%
101Total degrees awarded within 6 years
diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/d660c61fbcb505d9f6e8ae38f435bed6822bd23b_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/d660c61fbcb505d9f6e8ae38f435bed6822bd23b_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e8eaeb33840709b9fedaf948b3c5f2b301e220a --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/d660c61fbcb505d9f6e8ae38f435bed6822bd23b_page_12_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +> This page was read from its image by a model (olmocr); the PDF's own text layer is an OCR layer, not the author's text.[^inferred] + +D'autres grecs-catholiques se répartirent le contrôle des autres fermes et monopoles. Le consul français du Caire annonça avec satisfaction à son ministre les changements intervenus dans les douanes et l'administration des affaires : Mihā'il Fahr, « ennemi déclaré de la nation est dépossédé de la douane et celui qui a pris sa place appelé Yūsuf Bittar est dans des dispositions toutes contraires » 57 . Les grecs-catholiques, après avoir déposé Fahr, obtinrent son exil à Rosette puis à Venise 58 . + +La ferme des douanes aux mains des grecs-catholiques. + +Le Grand Douanier était généralement coopté par un groupe restreint de négociants représentant la strate supérieure de la communauté qui s'associait pour affermer les douanes 59 . Le montant de la ferme était élevé et représentait un risque que se partageaient les associés; en contrepartie, ils se répartissaient les retombées favorables qui pouvaient en résulter. + +En accord avec son groupe, le Grand Douanier nommait dans sa famille ou parmi ses alliés les titulaires des douanes qu'il régissait, se réservant la plus importante. À l'instar des précédents douaniers juifs, il engageait des coreligionnaires à tous les échelons de son administration. Assuré de leur fidélité, il disposait ainsi d'une administration souple et entièrement dévouée. Le choix se faisait néanmoins sur un critère de compétence, puisque les juifs conservèrent certaines fonctions d'exécution dans la nouvelle organisation qui se mettait en place. Les douanes occupaient près de 200 personnes dont la grande majorité appartenait à la communauté. Les revenus du Grand Douanier étaient considérables; Volney estimait la fortune d'Antūn Cassis Fira'ün à 3 millions de francs. D'Estève nous fournit le produit de la ferme de Mihā'il Kahil en 1798 : 480 000 pataques pour les quatre douanes, dont, une fois payés le prix de la ferme et les frais, il dégageait un profit net de 104 000 pataques pour le fermier général 60 . + +La capitale fournissait par son activité commerciale plus de 50 % des revenus des taxes, montants généralement destinés au financement de la classe dirigeante. Le Grand Douanier remplissait en premier la fonction de ministre des finances du sheikh al-balad . Ce dernier lui faisait part de ses besoins de trésorerie qu'il fallait aussitôt satisfaire. Le Grand Douanier lui consentait alors des avances sur ses propres deniers avant de les répercuter sur le commerce, car les mamelouks ne disposant d'aucune épargne n'hésitaient pas à ponctionner le commerce pour parer à leurs besoins inopinés. Les douaniers grecs-catholiques reprirent donc l'usage du prêt obligatoire instauré par les + +57. A.N. Le Caire, B1 334, 5 février 1771, 321-322. + +58. A.N. B1 335, 1 er février 1773, 66. + +59. La dépêche du consul d'Amirat (1760-1774) à son ministre le duc de Pralin confirme ces arrangements intercommunautaires. « Il n'était pas surprenant dans cette occurrence que le besoin + +d'argent se fit sentir non seulement aux personnes nouvellement investies des douanes, mais encore à ceux qui les soutiennent et qui ont part à tous les mouvements et à toutes les affaires du pays », A.N. Le Caire, B1 334, 11 septembre 1769, 105 et 108. + +60. D'Estève, op. cit. , XII, p. 360. + +[^inferred]: Marked text was read from the page image or inferred by a model, not taken from the document's own text. See truedoc.inferred in the front matter. diff --git a/outputs/headers_footers/d66f63a20248b44e4de06e2ed37e87ee2fb42669_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md b/outputs/headers_footers/d66f63a20248b44e4de06e2ed37e87ee2fb42669_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93e22c9fc29e5739a47d63f516556c4c2faf754a --- /dev/null +++ b/outputs/headers_footers/d66f63a20248b44e4de06e2ed37e87ee2fb42669_page_1_pg1_repeat1.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +![](figure) + +![](figure) + +## Une démarche d’amélioration de la qualité du contenu du dossier patient en odontologie : étude d’une évaluation des pratiques professionnelles en milieu hospitalier et en pratique libérale à partir d’une grille d’évaluation commune + +# → To cite this version: + +Jeanne Bardinet + +Jeanne Bardinet. Une démarche d’amélioration de la qualité du contenu du dossier patient en odontologie : étude d’une évaluation des pratiques professionnelles en milieu hospitalier et en pratique libérale à partir d’une grille d’évaluation commune. Chirurgie. 2015. ffdumas-01192617ff + +# HAL Id: dumas-01192617 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01192617 + +Submitted on 3 Sep 2015 + +HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access + +L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est + +archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires + +abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés.