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---
tags:
- ColBERT
- PyLate
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:1188486
- loss:Contrastive
base_model: jhu-clsp/ettin-encoder-17m
datasets:
- benjamintli/code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: PyLate
---

# PyLate model based on jhu-clsp/ettin-encoder-17m

This is a [PyLate](https://github.com/lightonai/pylate) model finetuned from [jhu-clsp/ettin-encoder-17m](https://huggingface.co/jhu-clsp/ettin-encoder-17m) on the [code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives](https://huggingface.co/datasets/benjamintli/code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives) dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to sequences of 128-dimensional dense vectors and can be used for semantic textual similarity using the MaxSim operator.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** PyLate model
- **Base model:** [jhu-clsp/ettin-encoder-17m](https://huggingface.co/jhu-clsp/ettin-encoder-17m) <!-- at revision 987607455c61e7a5bbc85f7758e0512ea6d0ae4c -->
- **Document Length:** 180 tokens
- **Query Length:** 32 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 128 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** MaxSim
- **Training Dataset:**
    - [code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives](https://huggingface.co/datasets/benjamintli/code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives)
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [PyLate Documentation](https://lightonai.github.io/pylate/)
- **Repository:** [PyLate on GitHub](https://github.com/lightonai/pylate)
- **Hugging Face:** [PyLate models on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=PyLate)

### Full Model Architecture

```
ColBERT(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 31, 'do_lower_case': False, 'architecture': 'ModernBertModel'})
  (1): Dense({'in_features': 256, 'out_features': 128, 'bias': False, 'activation_function': 'torch.nn.modules.linear.Identity', 'use_residual': False})
)
```

## Usage
First install the PyLate library:

```bash
pip install -U pylate
```

### Retrieval

Use this model with PyLate to index and retrieve documents. The index uses [FastPLAID](https://github.com/lightonai/fast-plaid) for efficient similarity search.

#### Indexing documents

Load the ColBERT model and initialize the PLAID index, then encode and index your documents:

```python
from pylate import indexes, models, retrieve

# Step 1: Load the ColBERT model
model = models.ColBERT(
    model_name_or_path="colbert-code-17m",
)

# Step 2: Initialize the PLAID index
index = indexes.PLAID(
    index_folder="pylate-index",
    index_name="index",
    override=True,  # This overwrites the existing index if any
)

# Step 3: Encode the documents
documents_ids = ["1", "2", "3"]
documents = ["document 1 text", "document 2 text", "document 3 text"]

documents_embeddings = model.encode(
    documents,
    batch_size=32,
    is_query=False,  # Ensure that it is set to False to indicate that these are documents, not queries
    show_progress_bar=True,
)

# Step 4: Add document embeddings to the index by providing embeddings and corresponding ids
index.add_documents(
    documents_ids=documents_ids,
    documents_embeddings=documents_embeddings,
)
```

Note that you do not have to recreate the index and encode the documents every time. Once you have created an index and added the documents, you can re-use the index later by loading it:

```python
# To load an index, simply instantiate it with the correct folder/name and without overriding it
index = indexes.PLAID(
    index_folder="pylate-index",
    index_name="index",
)
```

#### Retrieving top-k documents for queries

Once the documents are indexed, you can retrieve the top-k most relevant documents for a given set of queries.
To do so, initialize the ColBERT retriever with the index you want to search in, encode the queries and then retrieve the top-k documents to get the top matches ids and relevance scores:

```python
# Step 1: Initialize the ColBERT retriever
retriever = retrieve.ColBERT(index=index)

# Step 2: Encode the queries
queries_embeddings = model.encode(
    ["query for document 3", "query for document 1"],
    batch_size=32,
    is_query=True,  #  # Ensure that it is set to False to indicate that these are queries
    show_progress_bar=True,
)

# Step 3: Retrieve top-k documents
scores = retriever.retrieve(
    queries_embeddings=queries_embeddings,
    k=10,  # Retrieve the top 10 matches for each query
)
```

### Reranking
If you only want to use the ColBERT model to perform reranking on top of your first-stage retrieval pipeline without building an index, you can simply use rank function and pass the queries and documents to rerank:

```python
from pylate import rank, models

queries = [
    "query A",
    "query B",
]

documents = [
    ["document A", "document B"],
    ["document 1", "document C", "document B"],
]

documents_ids = [
    [1, 2],
    [1, 3, 2],
]

model = models.ColBERT(
    model_name_or_path="colbert-code-17m",
)

queries_embeddings = model.encode(
    queries,
    is_query=True,
)

documents_embeddings = model.encode(
    documents,
    is_query=False,
)

reranked_documents = rank.rerank(
    documents_ids=documents_ids,
    queries_embeddings=queries_embeddings,
    documents_embeddings=documents_embeddings,
)
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
-->

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
-->

<!--
### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->

## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives

* Dataset: [code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives](https://huggingface.co/datasets/benjamintli/code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives) at [1917069](https://huggingface.co/datasets/benjamintli/code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives/tree/19170694c88339259e15b3dcc7f99db2136bd00a)
* Size: 1,188,486 training samples
* Columns: <code>query</code>, <code>positive</code>, <code>source</code>, <code>hard_negatives</code>, and <code>negatives</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | query                                                                             | positive                                                                           | source                                                                           | hard_negatives                     | negatives                                                                          |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                             | string                                                                           | list                               | string                                                                             |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 23.61 tokens</li><li>max: 32 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 14 tokens</li><li>mean: 31.43 tokens</li><li>max: 32 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.46 tokens</li><li>max: 10 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>size: 1 elements</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 16 tokens</li><li>mean: 31.15 tokens</li><li>max: 32 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | query                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | positive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | source                     | hard_negatives                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | negatives                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
  |:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>wait for AWS PCA CSR propagation before issuing certificate</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | <code>func (c *ACMPCA) WaitUntilCertificateAuthorityCSRCreated(input *GetCertificateAuthorityCsrInput) error {<br>	return c.WaitUntilCertificateAuthorityCSRCreatedWithContext(aws.BackgroundContext(), input)<br>}</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | <code>csn_syntethic</code> | <code>['func (c *ACMPCA) WaitUntilAuditReportCreated(input *DescribeCertificateAuthorityAuditReportInput) error {\n\treturn c.WaitUntilAuditReportCreatedWithContext(aws.BackgroundContext(), input)\n}']</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | <code>func (c *ACMPCA) WaitUntilAuditReportCreated(input *DescribeCertificateAuthorityAuditReportInput) error {<br>	return c.WaitUntilAuditReportCreatedWithContext(aws.BackgroundContext(), input)<br>}</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
  | <code>func (f *Filter) Gather() ([]*dto.MetricFamily, error) {<br>	mfs, err := f.Gatherer.Gather()<br>	if err != nil {<br></code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | <code>		return nil, err<br>	}<br>	return f.Matcher.Match(mfs), nil<br>}</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | <code>csn_ccr</code>       | <code>['\n\tf.err = err\n\tif err != nil {\n\t\tfor _, node := range f.cells {\n\t\t\tnode.PropagateWatchError(err)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}']</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | <code><br>	f.err = err<br>	if err != nil {<br>		for _, node := range f.cells {<br>			node.PropagateWatchError(err)<br>		}<br>	}<br>}</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
  | <code>def latent_to_dist(name, x, hparams, output_channels=None):<br>  """Map latent to the mean and log-scale of a Gaussian.<br><br>  Args:<br>    name: variable scope.<br>    x: 4-D Tensor of shape (NHWC)<br>    hparams: HParams.<br>      latent_architecture - can be "single_conv", "glow_nn" or "glow_resnet",<br>                            default = single_conv<br>      latent_encoder_depth - int, depth of architecture, valid if<br>                             latent_architecture is "glow_nn" or "glow_resnet".<br>      latent_pre_output_channels - 512, valid only when latent_architecture<br>                                   is "glow_nn".<br>      latent_encoder_width - 512, maximum width of the network<br>    output_channels: int, number of output channels of the mean (and std).<br>                     if not provided, set it to be the output channels of x.<br>  Returns:<br>    dist: instance of tfp.distributions.Normal<br>  Raises:<br>    ValueError: If architecture not in ["single_conv", "glow_nn"]<br>  """<br>  architecture = hparams.get("latent_a...</code> | <code>     mid_channels=mid_channels)<br>      mean_log_scale = conv("glow_nn_zeros", mean_log_scale,<br>                            filter_size=[3, 3], stride=[1, 1],<br>                            output_channels=2*output_channels,<br>                            apply_actnorm=False, conv_init="zeros")<br>    elif architecture == "glow_resnet":<br>      h = x<br>      for layer in range(depth):<br>        h3 = conv_stack("latent_resnet_%d" % layer, h,<br>                        mid_channels=width, output_channels=x_shape[-1],<br>                        dropout=hparams.coupling_dropout)<br>        h += h3<br>      mean_log_scale = conv("glow_res_final", h, conv_init="zeros",<br>                            output_channels=2*output_channels,<br>                            apply_actnorm=False)<br>    else:<br>      raise ValueError("expected architecture to be single_conv or glow_nn "<br>                       "got %s" % architecture)<br><br>    mean = mean_log_scale[:, :, :, 0::2]<br>    log_scale = mean_log_scale[:, :, :, 1::2]<br>    return tfp.distribu...</code> | <code>csn_ccr</code>       | <code>['        first_relu=False,\n        padding="SAME",\n        strides=(2, 2),\n        force2d=True,\n        name="conv0")\n    x = common_layers.conv_block(\n        x, 64, [((1, 1), (3, 3))], padding="SAME", force2d=True, name="conv1")\n    x = xnet_resblock(x, min(128, hidden_dim), True, "block0")\n    x = xnet_resblock(x, min(256, hidden_dim), False, "block1")\n    return xnet_resblock(x, hidden_dim, False, "block2")']</code> | <code>        first_relu=False,<br>        padding="SAME",<br>        strides=(2, 2),<br>        force2d=True,<br>        name="conv0")<br>    x = common_layers.conv_block(<br>        x, 64, [((1, 1), (3, 3))], padding="SAME", force2d=True, name="conv1")<br>    x = xnet_resblock(x, min(128, hidden_dim), True, "block0")<br>    x = xnet_resblock(x, min(256, hidden_dim), False, "block1")<br>    return xnet_resblock(x, hidden_dim, False, "block2")</code> |
* Loss: <code>pylate.losses.contrastive.Contrastive</code>

### Evaluation Dataset

#### code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives

* Dataset: [code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives](https://huggingface.co/datasets/benjamintli/code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives) at [1917069](https://huggingface.co/datasets/benjamintli/code-retrieval-combined-v2-llm-negatives/tree/19170694c88339259e15b3dcc7f99db2136bd00a)
* Size: 12,005 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>query</code>, <code>positive</code>, <code>source</code>, <code>hard_negatives</code>, and <code>negatives</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | query                                                                             | positive                                                                           | source                                                                           | hard_negatives                     | negatives                                                                          |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                             | string                                                                           | list                               | string                                                                             |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 23.78 tokens</li><li>max: 32 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 14 tokens</li><li>mean: 31.45 tokens</li><li>max: 32 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.55 tokens</li><li>max: 10 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>size: 1 elements</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 14 tokens</li><li>mean: 31.15 tokens</li><li>max: 32 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | query                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | positive                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | source                     | hard_negatives                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | negatives                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
  |:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>public static function list_templates($competencyid, $onlyvisible) {<br>        global $DB;<br><br>        $sql = 'SELECT tpl.*<br>                  FROM {' . template::TABLE . '} tpl<br>                  JOIN {' . self::TABLE . '} tplcomp<br>                    ON tplcomp.templateid = tpl.id<br>                 WHERE tplcomp.competencyid = ? ';<br>        $params = array($competencyid);<br><br>        if ($onlyvisible) {<br>            $sql .= ' AND tpl.visible = ?';<br>            $params[] = 1;<br>        }<br><br>  </code> | <code>      $sql .= ' ORDER BY tpl.id ASC';<br><br>        $results = $DB->get_records_sql($sql, $params);<br><br>        $instances = array();<br>        foreach ($results as $result) {<br>            array_push($instances, new template(0, $result));<br>        }<br><br>        return $instances;<br>    }</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | <code>csn_ccr</code>       | <code>["            FROM {assign_grades} g\n                   JOIN(' . $esql . ') e ON e.id = g.userid\n                   WHERE g.assignment = :assignid';\n\n        return $DB->count_records_sql($sql, $params);\n    }"]</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | <code>            FROM {assign_grades} g<br>                   JOIN(' . $esql . ') e ON e.id = g.userid<br>                   WHERE g.assignment = :assignid';<br><br>        return $DB->count_records_sql($sql, $params);<br>    }</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
  | <code>python multiprocessing sandboxed process isolation file system network</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | <code>def start(self):<br>        '''Create a process in which the isolated code will be run.'''<br>        assert self._client is None<br><br>        logger.debug('IsolationContext[%d] starting', id(self))<br><br>        # Create the queues<br>        request_queue = multiprocessing.Queue()<br>        response_queue = multiprocessing.Queue()<br><br>        # Launch the server process<br>        server = Server(request_queue, response_queue)  # Do not keep a reference to this object!<br>        server_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=server.loop)<br>        server_process.start()<br><br>        # Create a client to talk to the server<br>        self._client = Client(server_process, request_queue, response_queue)</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | <code>csn_syntethic</code> | <code>['def start(cls, _init_logging=True):\n        """\n        Arrange for the subprocess to be started, if it is not already running.\n\n        The parent process picks a UNIX socket path the child will use prior to\n        fork, creates a socketpair used essentially as a semaphore, then blocks\n        waiting for the child to indicate the UNIX socket is ready for use.\n\n        :param bool _init_logging:\n            For testing, if :data:`False`, don\'t initialize logging.\n        """\n        if cls.worker_sock is not None:\n            return\n\n        if faulthandler is not None:\n            faulthandler.enable()\n\n        mitogen.utils.setup_gil()\n        cls.unix_listener_path = mitogen.unix.make_socket_path()\n        cls.worker_sock, cls.child_sock = socket.socketpair()\n        atexit.register(lambda: clean_shutdown(cls.worker_sock))\n        mitogen.core.set_cloexec(cls.worker_sock.fileno())\n        mitogen.core.set_cloexec(cls.child_sock.fileno())\n\n        cls.profiling = os.environ.get(\'MITOGEN_PROFILING\') is not None\n        if cls.profiling:\n            mitogen.core.enable_profiling()\n        if _init_logging:\n            ansible_mitogen.logging.setup()\n\n        cls.original_env = dict(os.environ)\n        cls.child_pid = os.fork()\n        if cls.child_pid:\n            save_pid(\'controller\')\n            ansible_mitogen.logging.set_process_name(\'top\')\n            ansible_mitogen.affinity.policy.assign_controller()\n            cls.child_sock.close()\n            cls.child_sock = None\n            mitogen.core.io_op(cls.worker_sock.recv, 1)\n        else:\n            save_pid(\'mux\')\n            ansible_mitogen.logging.set_process_name(\'mux\')\n            ansible_mitogen.affinity.policy.assign_muxprocess()\n            cls.worker_sock.close()\n            cls.worker_sock = None\n            self = cls()\n            self.worker_main()']</code> | <code>def start(cls, _init_logging=True):<br>        """<br>        Arrange for the subprocess to be started, if it is not already running.<br><br>        The parent process picks a UNIX socket path the child will use prior to<br>        fork, creates a socketpair used essentially as a semaphore, then blocks<br>        waiting for the child to indicate the UNIX socket is ready for use.<br><br>        :param bool _init_logging:<br>            For testing, if :data:`False`, don't initialize logging.<br>        """<br>        if cls.worker_sock is not None:<br>            return<br><br>        if faulthandler is not None:<br>            faulthandler.enable()<br><br>        mitogen.utils.setup_gil()<br>        cls.unix_listener_path = mitogen.unix.make_socket_path()<br>        cls.worker_sock, cls.child_sock = socket.socketpair()<br>        atexit.register(lambda: clean_shutdown(cls.worker_sock))<br>        mitogen.core.set_cloexec(cls.worker_sock.fileno())<br>        mitogen.core.set_cloexec(cls.child_sock.fileno())<br><br>        cls.profiling = os.environ.get('MI...</code> |
  | <code>updates the current cookies with a new set<br><br>@param array $cookies new cookies with which to update current ones<br><br>@return    boolean always return true<br>@access    private</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | <code>function UpdateCookies($cookies)
  <br>    {
  <br>        if (sizeof($this->cookies) == 0) {
  <br>            // no existing cookies: take whatever is new
  <br>            if (sizeof($cookies) > 0) {
  <br>                $this->debug('Setting new cookie(s)');
  <br>                $this->cookies = $cookies;
  <br>            }
  <br>
  <br>            return TRUE;
  <br>        }
  <br>        if (sizeof($cookies) == 0) {
  <br>            // no new cookies: keep what we've got
  <br>            return TRUE;
  <br>        }
  <br>        // merge
  <br>        foreach ($cookies as $newCookie) {
  <br>            if (!is_array($newCookie)) {
  <br>                continue;
  <br>            }
  <br>            if ((!isset($newCookie['name'])) \|\| (!isset($newCookie['value']))) {
  <br>                continue;
  <br>            }
  <br>            $newName = $newCookie['name'];
  <br>
  <br>            $found = FALSE;
  <br>            for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->cookies); $i++) {
  <br>                $cookie = $this->cookies[$i];
  <br>                if (!is_array($cookie)) {
  <br>                    continue;
  <br>       ...</code> | <code>csn</code>           | <code>["public function setCookies(array $cookies) : Request\n    {\n        $query = http_build_query($cookies);\n        parse_str($query, $this->cookies);\n\n        if ($cookies) {\n            $cookie = str_replace('&', '; ', $query);\n            $this->setHeader('Cookie', $cookie);\n        } else {\n            $this->removeHeader('Cookie');\n        }\n\n        return $this;\n    }"]</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | <code>public function setCookies(array $cookies) : Request<br>    {<br>        $query = http_build_query($cookies);<br>        parse_str($query, $this->cookies);<br><br>        if ($cookies) {<br>            $cookie = str_replace('&', '; ', $query);<br>            $this->setHeader('Cookie', $cookie);<br>        } else {<br>            $this->removeHeader('Cookie');<br>        }<br><br>        return $this;<br>    }</code>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
* Loss: <code>pylate.losses.contrastive.Contrastive</code>

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 256
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 256
- `learning_rate`: 3e-06
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `fp16`: True
- `hub_model_id`: colbert-code-17m

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 256
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 256
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 3e-06
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `parallelism_config`: None
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: colbert-code-17m
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `hub_revision`: None
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `liger_kernel_config`: None
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
- `router_mapping`: {}
- `learning_rate_mapping`: {}

</details>

### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.12.3
- Sentence Transformers: 5.1.1
- PyLate: 1.4.0
- Transformers: 4.56.2
- PyTorch: 2.9.0+cu128
- Accelerate: 1.13.0
- Datasets: 4.8.4
- Tokenizers: 0.22.2


## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084"
}
```

#### PyLate
```bibtex
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/cikm/ChaffinS25,
  author       = {Antoine Chaffin and
                  Rapha{"{e}}l Sourty},
  editor       = {Meeyoung Cha and
                  Chanyoung Park and
                  Noseong Park and
                  Carl Yang and
                  Senjuti Basu Roy and
                  Jessie Li and
                  Jaap Kamps and
                  Kijung Shin and
                  Bryan Hooi and
                  Lifang He},
  title        = {PyLate: Flexible Training and Retrieval for Late Interaction Models},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 34th {ACM} International Conference on Information
                  and Knowledge Management, {CIKM} 2025, Seoul, Republic of Korea, November
                  10-14, 2025},
  pages        = {6334--6339},
  publisher    = {{ACM}},
  year         = {2025},
  url          = {https://github.com/lightonai/pylate},
  doi          = {10.1145/3746252.3761608},
}
```

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