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	<meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="hf:doc:metadata" content="{"title":"Document Analysis Graph","local":"document-analysis-graph","sections":[{"title":"The Butler’s Workflow","local":"the-butlers-workflow","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Setting Up the environment","local":"setting-up-the-environment","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Defining Agent’s State","local":"defining-agents-state","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Preparing Tools","local":"preparing-tools","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"The nodes","local":"the-nodes","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"The ReAct Pattern: How I Assist Mr. Wayne","local":"the-react-pattern-how-i-assist-mr-wayne","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"The Butler in Action","local":"the-butler-in-action","sections":[{"title":"Example 1: Simple Calculations","local":"example-1-simple-calculations","sections":[],"depth":3},{"title":"Example 2: Analyzing Master Wayne’s Training Documents","local":"example-2-analyzing-master-waynes-training-documents","sections":[],"depth":3}],"depth":2},{"title":"Key Takeaways","local":"key-takeaways","sections":[],"depth":2}],"depth":1}">
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	<link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/agents-course/pr_545/en/_app/immutable/chunks/getInferenceSnippets.031140c2.js"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_START --><meta name="hf:doc:metadata" content="{"title":"Document Analysis Graph","local":"document-analysis-graph","sections":[{"title":"The Butler’s Workflow","local":"the-butlers-workflow","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Setting Up the environment","local":"setting-up-the-environment","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Defining Agent’s State","local":"defining-agents-state","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Preparing Tools","local":"preparing-tools","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"The nodes","local":"the-nodes","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"The ReAct Pattern: How I Assist Mr. Wayne","local":"the-react-pattern-how-i-assist-mr-wayne","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"The Butler in Action","local":"the-butler-in-action","sections":[{"title":"Example 1: Simple Calculations","local":"example-1-simple-calculations","sections":[],"depth":3},{"title":"Example 2: Analyzing Master Wayne’s Training Documents","local":"example-2-analyzing-master-waynes-training-documents","sections":[],"depth":3}],"depth":2},{"title":"Key Takeaways","local":"key-takeaways","sections":[],"depth":2}],"depth":1}"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_END --> <p></p> <h1 class="relative group"><a id="document-analysis-graph" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#document-analysis-graph"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Document Analysis Graph</span></h1> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-11xka8s">Alfred at your service. As Mr. Wayne’s trusted butler, I’ve taken the liberty of documenting how I assist Mr Wayne with his various documentary needs. While he’s out attending to his… nighttime activities, I ensure all his paperwork, training schedules, and nutritional plans are properly analyzed and organized.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-130n2j9">Before leaving, he left a note with his week’s training program. I then took the responsibility to come up with a <strong>menu</strong> for tomorrow’s meals.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-fz9q9p">For future such events, let’s create a document analysis system using LangGraph to serve Mr. Wayne’s needs. This system can:</p> <ol data-svelte-h="svelte-gyca7w"><li>Process images document</li> <li>Extract text using vision models (Vision Language Model)</li> <li>Perform calculations when needed (to demonstrate normal tools)</li> <li>Analyze content and provide concise summaries</li> <li>Execute specific instructions related to documents</li></ol> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="the-butlers-workflow" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#the-butlers-workflow"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>The Butler’s Workflow</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-zxoaj3">The workflow we’ll build follows this structured schema:</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-g7cpwr"><img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/agents-course/course-images/resolve/main/en/unit2/LangGraph/alfred_flow.png" alt="Butler's Document Analysis Workflow"></p> <div class="course-tip bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400">You can follow the code in <a href="https://huggingface.co/agents-course/notebooks/blob/main/unit2/langgraph/agent.ipynb" target="_blank" data-svelte-h="svelte-12bw6nz">this notebook</a> that you can run using Google Colab.</div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="setting-up-the-environment" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#setting-up-the-environment"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Setting Up the environment</span></h2> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->%pip install langgraph langchain_openai langchain_core<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1ey17wx">and imports :</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> base64
	<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> typing <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-type">List</span>, TypedDict, Annotated, <span class="hljs-type">Optional</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> langchain_openai <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> ChatOpenAI
	<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> langchain_core.messages <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AnyMessage, SystemMessage, HumanMessage
	<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> langgraph.graph.message <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> add_messages
	<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> langgraph.graph <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> START, StateGraph
	<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> langgraph.prebuilt <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> ToolNode, tools_condition
	<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> IPython.display <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Image, display<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="defining-agents-state" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#defining-agents-state"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Defining Agent’s State</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-h15r15">This state is a little more complex than the previous ones we have seen.
	<code>AnyMessage</code> is a class from Langchain that defines messages, and <code>add_messages</code> is an operator that adds the latest message rather than overwriting it with the latest state.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-s7exkc">This is a new concept in LangGraph, where you can add operators in your state to define the way they should interact together.</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">AgentState</span>(<span class="hljs-title class_ inherited__">TypedDict</span>):
	<span class="hljs-comment"># The document provided</span>
	input_file: <span class="hljs-type">Optional</span>[<span class="hljs-built_in">str</span>] <span class="hljs-comment"># Contains file path (PDF/PNG)</span>
	messages: Annotated[<span class="hljs-built_in">list</span>[AnyMessage], add_messages]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="preparing-tools" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#preparing-tools"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Preparing Tools</span></h2> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->vision_llm = ChatOpenAI(model=<span class="hljs-string">"gpt-4o"</span>)

	<span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">extract_text</span>(<span class="hljs-params">img_path: <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span></span>) -> <span class="hljs-built_in">str</span>:
	<span class="hljs-string">"""
	Extract text from an image file using a multimodal model.

	Master Wayne often leaves notes with his training regimen or meal plans.
	This allows me to properly analyze the contents.
	"""</span>
	all_text = <span class="hljs-string">""</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span>:
	<span class="hljs-comment"># Read image and encode as base64</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">open</span>(img_path, <span class="hljs-string">"rb"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> image_file:
	image_bytes = image_file.read()

	image_base64 = base64.b64encode(image_bytes).decode(<span class="hljs-string">"utf-8"</span>)

	<span class="hljs-comment"># Prepare the prompt including the base64 image data</span>
	message = [
	HumanMessage(
	content=[
	{
	<span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"text"</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">"text"</span>: (
	<span class="hljs-string">"Extract all the text from this image. "</span>
	<span class="hljs-string">"Return only the extracted text, no explanations."</span>
	),
	},
	{
	<span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"image_url"</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">"image_url"</span>: {
	<span class="hljs-string">"url"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">f"data:image/png;base64,<span class="hljs-subst">{image_base64}</span>"</span>
	},
	},
	]
	)
	]

	<span class="hljs-comment"># Call the vision-capable model</span>
	response = vision_llm.invoke(message)

	<span class="hljs-comment"># Append extracted text</span>
	all_text += response.content + <span class="hljs-string">"\n\n"</span>

	<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> all_text.strip()
	<span class="hljs-keyword">except</span> Exception <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> e:
	<span class="hljs-comment"># A butler should handle errors gracefully</span>
	error_msg = <span class="hljs-string">f"Error extracting text: <span class="hljs-subst">{<span class="hljs-built_in">str</span>(e)}</span>"</span>
	<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(error_msg)
	<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-string">""</span>

	<span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">divide</span>(<span class="hljs-params">a: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>, b: <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span></span>) -> <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span>:
	<span class="hljs-string">"""Divide a and b - for Master Wayne's occasional calculations."""</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> a / b

	<span class="hljs-comment"># Equip the butler with tools</span>
	tools = [
	divide,
	extract_text
	]

	llm = ChatOpenAI(model=<span class="hljs-string">"gpt-4o"</span>)
	llm_with_tools = llm.bind_tools(tools, parallel_tool_calls=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="the-nodes" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#the-nodes"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>The nodes</span></h2> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">assistant</span>(<span class="hljs-params">state: AgentState</span>):
	<span class="hljs-comment"># System message</span>
	textual_description_of_tool=<span class="hljs-string">"""
	extract_text(img_path: str) -> str:
	Extract text from an image file using a multimodal model.

	Args:
	img_path: A local image file path (strings).

	Returns:
	A single string containing the concatenated text extracted from each image.
	divide(a: int, b: int) -> float:
	Divide a and b
	"""</span>
	image=state[<span class="hljs-string">"input_file"</span>]
	sys_msg = SystemMessage(content=<span class="hljs-string">f"You are a helpful butler named Alfred that serves Mr. Wayne and Batman. You can analyse documents and run computations with provided tools:\n<span class="hljs-subst">{textual_description_of_tool}</span> \n You have access to some optional images. Currently the loaded image is: <span class="hljs-subst">{image}</span>"</span>)

	<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> {
	<span class="hljs-string">"messages"</span>: [llm_with_tools.invoke([sys_msg] + state[<span class="hljs-string">"messages"</span>])],
	<span class="hljs-string">"input_file"</span>: state[<span class="hljs-string">"input_file"</span>]
	}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="the-react-pattern-how-i-assist-mr-wayne" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#the-react-pattern-how-i-assist-mr-wayne"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>The ReAct Pattern: How I Assist Mr. Wayne</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-18vru10">Allow me to explain the approach in this agent. The agent follows what’s known as the ReAct pattern (Reason-Act-Observe)</p> <ol data-svelte-h="svelte-1lieze1"><li><strong>Reason</strong> about his documents and requests</li> <li><strong>Act</strong> by using appropriate tools</li> <li><strong>Observe</strong> the results</li> <li><strong>Repeat</strong> as necessary until I’ve fully addressed his needs</li></ol> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-139l5j8">This is a simple implementation of an agent using LangGraph.</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-comment"># The graph</span>
	builder = StateGraph(AgentState)

	<span class="hljs-comment"># Define nodes: these do the work</span>
	builder.add_node(<span class="hljs-string">"assistant"</span>, assistant)
	builder.add_node(<span class="hljs-string">"tools"</span>, ToolNode(tools))

	<span class="hljs-comment"># Define edges: these determine how the control flow moves</span>
	builder.add_edge(START, <span class="hljs-string">"assistant"</span>)
	builder.add_conditional_edges(
	<span class="hljs-string">"assistant"</span>,
	<span class="hljs-comment"># If the latest message requires a tool, route to tools</span>
	<span class="hljs-comment"># Otherwise, provide a direct response</span>
	tools_condition,
	)
	builder.add_edge(<span class="hljs-string">"tools"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"assistant"</span>)
	react_graph = builder.<span class="hljs-built_in">compile</span>()

	<span class="hljs-comment"># Show the butler's thought process</span>
	display(Image(react_graph.get_graph(xray=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>).draw_mermaid_png()))<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1d0auck">We define a <code>tools</code> node with our list of tools. The <code>assistant</code> node is just our model with bound tools.
	We create a graph with <code>assistant</code> and <code>tools</code> nodes.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1svgz16">We add a <code>tools_condition</code> edge, which routes to <code>End</code> or to <code>tools</code> based on whether the <code>assistant</code> calls a tool.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1f0m6x1">Now, we add one new step:</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-echfi8">We connect the <code>tools</code> node back to the <code>assistant</code>, forming a loop.</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-bdsar0"><li>After the <code>assistant</code> node executes, <code>tools_condition</code> checks if the model’s output is a tool call.</li> <li>If it is a tool call, the flow is directed to the <code>tools</code> node.</li> <li>The <code>tools</code> node connects back to <code>assistant</code>.</li> <li>This loop continues as long as the model decides to call tools.</li> <li>If the model response is not a tool call, the flow is directed to END, terminating the process.</li></ul> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1nhlurw"><img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/agents-course/course-images/resolve/main/en/unit2/LangGraph/Agent.png" alt="ReAct Pattern"></p> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="the-butler-in-action" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#the-butler-in-action"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>The Butler in Action</span></h2> <h3 class="relative group"><a id="example-1-simple-calculations" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#example-1-simple-calculations"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Example 1: Simple Calculations</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1rxi6tg">Here is an example to show a simple use case of an agent using a tool in LangGraph.</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->messages = [HumanMessage(content=<span class="hljs-string">"Divide 6790 by 5"</span>)]
	messages = react_graph.invoke({<span class="hljs-string">"messages"</span>: messages, <span class="hljs-string">"input_file"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>})

	<span class="hljs-comment"># Show the messages</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> m <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> messages[<span class="hljs-string">'messages'</span>]:
	m.pretty_print()<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-eegy09">The conversation would proceed:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-attribute">Human</span>: Divide <span class="hljs-number">6790</span> by <span class="hljs-number">5</span>

	<span class="hljs-attribute">AI</span> Tool Call: divide(a=<span class="hljs-number">6790</span>, b=<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)

	<span class="hljs-attribute">Tool</span> Response: <span class="hljs-number">1358</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0</span>

	<span class="hljs-attribute">Alfred</span>: The result of dividing <span class="hljs-number">6790</span> by <span class="hljs-number">5</span> is <span class="hljs-number">1358</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <h3 class="relative group"><a id="example-2-analyzing-master-waynes-training-documents" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#example-2-analyzing-master-waynes-training-documents"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Example 2: Analyzing Master Wayne’s Training Documents</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-k6gec7">When Master Wayne leaves his training and meal notes:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->messages = [HumanMessage(content=<span class="hljs-string">"According to the note provided by Mr. Wayne in the provided images. What's the list of items I should buy for the dinner menu?"</span>)]
	messages = react_graph.invoke({<span class="hljs-string">"messages"</span>: messages, <span class="hljs-string">"input_file"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Batman_training_and_meals.png"</span>})<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-gpwkjm">The interaction would proceed:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-symbol">Human:</span> According <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> the note provided <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span> Mr. Wayne <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> the provided images. What<span class="hljs-comment">'s the list of items I should buy for the dinner menu?</span>

	AI Tool <span class="hljs-keyword">Call</span>: extract_text(img_path=<span class="hljs-string">"Batman_training_and_meals.png"</span>)

	Tool Response: [Extracted <span class="hljs-keyword">text</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> training schedule <span class="hljs-built_in">and</span> menu details]

	<span class="hljs-symbol">Alfred:</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">For</span> the dinner menu, you should buy the following items:

	<span class="hljs-number">1</span>. Grass-fed local sirloin steak
	<span class="hljs-number">2</span>. Organic spinach
	<span class="hljs-number">3</span>. Piquillo peppers
	<span class="hljs-number">4</span>. Potatoes (<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> oven-baked golden herb potato)
	<span class="hljs-number">5</span>. Fish oil (<span class="hljs-number">2</span> grams)

	Ensure the steak <span class="hljs-built_in">is</span> grass-fed <span class="hljs-built_in">and</span> the spinach <span class="hljs-built_in">and</span> peppers are organic <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> the best quality meal.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="key-takeaways" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#key-takeaways"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Key Takeaways</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-17u0oai">Should you wish to create your own document analysis butler, here are key considerations:</p> <ol data-svelte-h="svelte-1caujcm"><li><strong>Define clear tools</strong> for specific document-related tasks</li> <li><strong>Create a robust state tracker</strong> to maintain context between tool calls</li> <li><strong>Consider error handling</strong> for tool failures</li> <li><strong>Maintain contextual awareness</strong> of previous interactions (ensured by the operator <code>add_messages</code>)</li></ol> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1tc3qgy">With these principles, you too can provide exemplary document analysis service worthy of Wayne Manor.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1ik86s0"><em>I trust this explanation has been satisfactory. Now, if you’ll excuse me, Master Wayne’s cape requires pressing before tonight’s activities.</em></p> <a class="!text-gray-400 !no-underline text-sm flex items-center not-prose mt-4" href="https://github.com/huggingface/agents-course/blob/main/units/en/unit2/langgraph/document_analysis_agent.mdx" target="_blank"><span data-svelte-h="svelte-1kd6by1"><</span> <span data-svelte-h="svelte-x0xyl0">></span> <span data-svelte-h="svelte-1dajgef"><span class="underline ml-1.5">Update</span> on GitHub</span></a> <p></p>

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