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	<meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="hf:doc:metadata" content="{"title":"Токенизация WordPiece","local":"wordpiece-tokenization","sections":[{"title":"Алгоритм обучения","local":"training-algorithm","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Алгоритм токенизации","local":"tokenization-algorithm","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Реализация WordPiece","local":"implementing-wordpiece","sections":[],"depth":2}],"depth":1}">
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	<link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/course/pr_1069/ru/_app/immutable/chunks/getInferenceSnippets.24b50994.js"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_START --><meta name="hf:doc:metadata" content="{"title":"Токенизация WordPiece","local":"wordpiece-tokenization","sections":[{"title":"Алгоритм обучения","local":"training-algorithm","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Алгоритм токенизации","local":"tokenization-algorithm","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Реализация WordPiece","local":"implementing-wordpiece","sections":[],"depth":2}],"depth":1}"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_END --> <p></p> <h1 class="relative group"><a id="wordpiece-tokenization" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#wordpiece-tokenization"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Токенизация WordPiece</span></h1> <div class="flex space-x-1 absolute z-10 right-0 top-0"><a href="https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/chapter-6-questions" target="_blank"><img alt="Ask a Question" class="!m-0" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Ask%20a%20question-ffcb4c.svg?logo=data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"></a> <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/master/course/en/chapter6/section6.ipynb" target="_blank"><img alt="Open In Colab" class="!m-0" src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg"></a> <a href="https://studiolab.sagemaker.aws/import/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/master/course/en/chapter6/section6.ipynb" target="_blank"><img alt="Open In Studio Lab" class="!m-0" src="https://studiolab.sagemaker.aws/studiolab.svg"></a></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-lb7tav">WordPiece - это алгоритм токенизации, разработанный Google для предварительного обучения BERT. Впоследствии он был повторно использован во многих моделях трансформеров, основанных на BERT, таких как DistilBERT, MobileBERT, Funnel Transformers и MPNET. Он очень похож на BPE в плане обучения, но фактическая токенизация выполняется по-другому.</p> <iframe class="w-full xl:w-4/6 h-80" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/qpv6ms_t_1A" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="course-tip bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-gp40a">💡 В этом разделе подробно рассматривается WordPiece, вплоть до демонстрации полной реализации. Вы можете пропустить его, если вам нужен только общий обзор алгоритма токенизации.</p></div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="training-algorithm" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#training-algorithm"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Алгоритм обучения</span></h2> <div class="course-tip course-tip-orange bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-orange-500 dark:before:border-orange-800 from-orange-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-orange-50 text-orange-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-1ggmdpx">⚠️ Google никогда не предоставлял открытый доступ к своей реализации алгоритма обучения WordPiece, поэтому все вышесказанное - это наши предположения, основанные на опубликованных материалах. Возможно, они точны не на 100 %.</p></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-b3hybw">Как и BPE, WordPiece начинает работу с небольшого словаря, включающего специальные токены, используемые моделью, и начальный алфавит. Поскольку модель идентифицирует подслова путем добавления префикса (как <code>##</code> для BERT), каждое слово первоначально разбивается на части путем добавления этого префикса ко всем символам внутри слова. Так, например, <code>"word"</code> разбивается на части следующим образом:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->w ##o ##r ##d<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1g48bxl">Таким образом, начальный алфавит содержит все символы, присутствующие в начале слова, и символы, присутствующие внутри слова, которым предшествует префикс WordPiece.</p> <p>Затем, как и в случае с BPE, WordPiece изучает правила слияния. Основное отличие заключается в способе выбора пары для слияния. Вместо того чтобы выбирать наиболее частую пару, WordPiece рассчитывает оценку для каждой пары по следующей формуле:
	<!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi></mrow><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi></mrow><mo>×</mo><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">_</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathrm{score} = (\mathrm{freq\_of\_pair}) / (\mathrm{freq\_of\_first\_element} \times \mathrm{freq\_of\_second\_element})</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">score</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.06em;vertical-align:-0.31em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">freq_of_pair</span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">freq_of_first_element</span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.06em;vertical-align:-0.31em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">freq_of_second_element</span></span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-3qj6q9">Деля частоту пары на произведение частот каждой из ее частей, алгоритм отдает предпочтение слиянию пар, отдельные части которых встречаются в словаре реже. Например, он не обязательно объединит <code>("un", "##able")</code>, даже если эта пара встречается в словаре очень часто, потому что две пары <code>"un"</code> и <code>"##able"</code>, скорее всего, встречаются в большом количестве других слов и имеют высокую частоту. Напротив, такая пара, как <code>("hu", "##gging")</code>, вероятно, будет объединена быстрее (при условии, что слово “hugging” часто встречается в словаре), поскольку <code>"hu"</code> и <code>"##gging"</code> по отдельности, скорее всего, встречаются реже.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-rq393w">Давайте рассмотрим тот же словарь, который мы использовали в учебном примере BPE:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->(<span class="hljs-string">"hug"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)<span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> (<span class="hljs-string">"pug"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-number">5</span>)<span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> (<span class="hljs-string">"pun"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-number">12</span>)<span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> (<span class="hljs-string">"bun"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span>)<span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> (<span class="hljs-string">"hugs"</span><span class="hljs-punctuation">,</span> <span class="hljs-number">5</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-j781er">Рабиение здесь будет следующим:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->(<span class="hljs-string">"h"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"p"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"p"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">12</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"b"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"h"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#s</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1adiqk2">поэтому исходный словарь будет иметь вид <code>["b", "h", "p", "##g", "##n", "##s", "##u"]</code> (если мы пока забудем о специальных токенах). Самая частая пара - <code>("##u", "##g")</code> (встречается 20 раз), но индивидуальная частота <code>"##u"</code> очень высока, поэтому ее оценка не самая высокая (она составляет 1/36). Все пары с <code>"##u"</code> фактически имеют такую же оценку (1/36), поэтому лучшую оценку получает пара <code>("##g", "##s")</code> - единственная, в которой нет <code>"##u"</code> - с оценкой 1/20, и первым выученным слиянием будет <code>("##g", "##s") -> ("##gs")</code>.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1cqk9es">Обратите внимание, что при слиянии мы удаляем <code>##</code> между двумя токенами, поэтому мы добавляем <code>"##gs"</code> в словарь и применяем слияние в словах корпуса:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Vocabulary: [<span class="hljs-string">"b"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"h"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"p"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#s</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#gs</span>"</span>]
	Corpus: (<span class="hljs-string">"h"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"p"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"p"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">12</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"b"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"h"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#gs</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-zcas38">В этот момент <code>"##u"</code> находится во всех возможных парах, поэтому все они получают одинаковый балл. Допустим, в этом случае первая пара объединяется, так что <code>("h", "##u") -> "hu"</code>. Это приводит нас к:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Vocabulary: [<span class="hljs-string">"b"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"h"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"p"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#s</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#gs</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"hu"</span>]
	Corpus: (<span class="hljs-string">"hu"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"p"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"p"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">12</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"b"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"hu"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#gs</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1jk17le">Затем следующую лучшую оценку разделяют <code>("hu", "##g")</code> и <code>("hu", "##gs")</code> (1/15, по сравнению с 1/21 для всех остальных пар), поэтому первая пара с наибольшей оценкой объединяется:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->Vocabulary: [<span class="hljs-string">"b"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"h"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"p"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#s</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#gs</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"hu"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"hug"</span>]
	Corpus: (<span class="hljs-string">"hug"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"p"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#g</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"p"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">12</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"b"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#u</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#n</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>), (<span class="hljs-string">"hu"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"#<span class="hljs-subst">#gs</span>"</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-188ent6">и мы продолжаем так до тех пор, пока не достигнем необходимого размера словаря.</p> <div class="course-tip bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-5usrp0">✏️ <strong>Теперь ваша очередь!</strong> Каким будет следующее правило слияния?</p></div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="tokenization-algorithm" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#tokenization-algorithm"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Алгоритм токенизации</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-11aa2wf">Токенизация в WordPiece и BPE отличается тем, что WordPiece сохраняет только конечный словарь, а не выученные правила слияния. Начиная со слова, которое нужно токенизировать, WordPiece находит самое длинное подслово, которое есть в словаре, а затем разбивает его на части. Например, если мы используем словарь, изученный в примере выше, для слова <code>" hugs"</code> самым длинным подсловом, начиная с начала, которое находится в словаре, является <code>"hug"</code>, поэтому мы делим его на части и получаем <code>["hug", "##s"]</code>. Затем мы продолжаем с <code>"##s"</code>, которое находится в словаре, поэтому токенизация <code>"hugs"</code> будет <code>["hug", "##s"]</code>.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-m4hae6">В BPE мы бы применили слияния, выученные по порядку, и токенизировали это как <code>["hu", "##gs"]</code>, поэтому кодировка отличается.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1ki7bup">В качестве другого примера посмотрим, как будет токенизировано слово <code>"bugs"</code>. <code>"b"</code> - самое длинное подслово, начинающееся с начала слова, которое есть в словаре, поэтому мы делим его на части и получаем <code>["b", "##ugs"]</code>. Затем <code>"##u"</code> - самое длинное подслово, начинающееся в начале <code>"##ugs"</code>, которое есть в словаре, поэтому мы делим его на части и получаем <code>["b", "##u", "##gs"]</code>. Наконец, <code>"##gs"</code> находится в словаре, так что этот последний список является токеном <code>"bugs"</code>.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-18s7iu4">Когда токенизация доходит до стадии, когда невозможно найти подслово в словаре, все слово токенизируется как неизвестное - так, например, <code>"mug"</code> будет токенизировано как <code>["[UNK]"]</code>, как и <code>"bum"</code> (даже если мы можем начать с <code>"b"</code> и <code>"##u"</code>, <code>"##m"</code> не входит в словарь, и результирующий токен будет просто <code>["[UNK]"]</code>, а не <code>["b", "##u", "[UNK]"]</code>). Это еще одно отличие от BPE, который классифицирует как неизвестные только отдельные символы, отсутствующие в словаре.</p> <div class="course-tip bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-1940vu6">✏️ <strong>Теперь ваша очередь!</strong> Как будет токенизировано слово <code>"pugs"</code>?</p></div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="implementing-wordpiece" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#implementing-wordpiece"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Реализация WordPiece</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1r6300x">Теперь давайте посмотрим на реализацию алгоритма WordPiece. Как и в случае с BPE, это всего лишь учебный пример, и вы не сможете использовать его на большом корпусе.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-e3ofjy">Мы будем использовать тот же корпус, что и в примере с BPE:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->corpus = [
	<span class="hljs-string">"This is the Hugging Face Course."</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">"This chapter is about tokenization."</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">"This section shows several tokenizer algorithms."</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">"Hopefully, you will be able to understand how they are trained and generate tokens."</span>,
	]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1nv6f1r">Во-первых, нам нужно предварительно токенизировать корпус в слова. Поскольку мы воспроизводим токенизатор WordPiece (например, BERT), для предварительной токенизации мы будем использовать токенизатор <code>bert-base-cased</code>:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoTokenizer

	tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">"bert-base-cased"</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-8r9jet">Затем мы вычисляем частоту каждого слова в корпусе, как и при предварительной токенизации:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> collections <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> defaultdict

	word_freqs = defaultdict(<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>)
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> text <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> corpus:
	words_with_offsets = tokenizer.backend_tokenizer.pre_tokenizer.pre_tokenize_str(text)
	new_words = [word <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> word, offset <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> words_with_offsets]
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> word <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> new_words:
	word_freqs[word] += <span class="hljs-number">1</span>

	word_freqs<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->defaultdict(
	<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>, {<span class="hljs-string">'This'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'is'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'the'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Hugging'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Face'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Course'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'.'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'chapter'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'about'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">'tokenization'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'section'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'shows'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'several'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'tokenizer'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'algorithms'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Hopefully'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">','</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'you'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'will'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'be'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'able'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'to'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'understand'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'how'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'they'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'are'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">'trained'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'and'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'generate'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'tokens'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">1</span>})<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-14ufjej">Как мы уже видели, алфавит - это уникальное множество, состоящее из всех первых букв слов и всех остальных букв, которые встречаются в словах с префиксом <code>##</code>:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->alphabet = []
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> word <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> word_freqs.keys():
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> word[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> alphabet:
	alphabet.append(word[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> letter <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> word[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>:]:
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-string">f"##<span class="hljs-subst">{letter}</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> alphabet:
	alphabet.append(<span class="hljs-string">f"##<span class="hljs-subst">{letter}</span>"</span>)

	alphabet.sort()
	alphabet

	<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(alphabet)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[<span class="hljs-string">'##a'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##b'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##c'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##d'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##e'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##f'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##g'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##h'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##i'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##k'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##l'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##m'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##n'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##o'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##p'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##r'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##s'</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">'##t'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##u'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##v'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##w'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##y'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##z'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">','</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'.'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'C'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'F'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'H'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'T'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'a'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'b'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'c'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'g'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'h'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'i'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'s'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'t'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'u'</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">'w'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1j2ylfq">Мы также добавляем специальные токены, используемые моделью, в начало этого словаря. В случае BERT это список <code>["[PAD]", "[UNK]", "[CLS]", "[SEP]", "[MASK]"]</code>:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->vocab = [<span class="hljs-string">"[PAD]"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"[UNK]"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"[CLS]"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"[SEP]"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"[MASK]"</span>] + alphabet.copy()<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-l5tcaj">Далее нам нужно разделить каждое слово на части, при этом все буквы, которые не являются первыми, должны иметь префикс <code>##</code>:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->splits = {
	word: [c <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i == <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-string">f"##<span class="hljs-subst">{c}</span>"</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i, c <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">enumerate</span>(word)]
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> word <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> word_freqs.keys()
	}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1wdlc1a">Теперь, когда мы готовы к обучению, давайте напишем функцию, которая вычисляет оценку каждой пары. Нам нужно будет использовать ее на каждом шаге обучения:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">compute_pair_scores</span>(<span class="hljs-params">splits</span>):
	letter_freqs = defaultdict(<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>)
	pair_freqs = defaultdict(<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>)
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> word, freq <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> word_freqs.items():
	split = splits[word]
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(split) == <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
	letter_freqs[split[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]] += freq
	<span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">range</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(split) - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>):
	pair = (split[i], split[i + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>])
	letter_freqs[split[i]] += freq
	pair_freqs[pair] += freq
	letter_freqs[split[-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>]] += freq

	scores = {
	pair: freq / (letter_freqs[pair[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]] * letter_freqs[pair[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>]])
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> pair, freq <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pair_freqs.items()
	}
	<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> scores<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1jqphuk">Давайте посмотрим на часть этого словаря после первых разделений:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->pair_scores = compute_pair_scores(splits)
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i, key <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">enumerate</span>(pair_scores.keys()):
	<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">f"<span class="hljs-subst">{key}</span>: <span class="hljs-subst">{pair_scores[key]}</span>"</span>)
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i >= <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
	<span class="hljs-keyword">break</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->(<span class="hljs-string">'T'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##h'</span>): <span class="hljs-number">0.125</span>
	(<span class="hljs-string">'##h'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##i'</span>): <span class="hljs-number">0.03409090909090909</span>
	(<span class="hljs-string">'##i'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##s'</span>): <span class="hljs-number">0.02727272727272727</span>
	(<span class="hljs-string">'i'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##s'</span>): <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>
	(<span class="hljs-string">'t'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##h'</span>): <span class="hljs-number">0.03571428571428571</span>
	(<span class="hljs-string">'##h'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##e'</span>): <span class="hljs-number">0.011904761904761904</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1lgcf40">Теперь для того, чтобы найти пару с наилучшим результатом, нужно всего лишь сделать быстрый цикл:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->best_pair = <span class="hljs-string">""</span>
	max_score = <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> pair, score <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pair_scores.items():
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> max_score <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> max_score < score:
	best_pair = pair
	max_score = score

	<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(best_pair, max_score)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->(<span class="hljs-string">'a'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##b'</span>) <span class="hljs-number">0.2</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1kaqdns">Итак, первое слияние, которое нужно выучить, это <code>('a', '##b') -> 'ab'</code>, и мы добавляем <code>'ab'</code> в словарь:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->vocab.append(<span class="hljs-string">"ab"</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-10bh8zb">Чтобы продолжить, нам нужно применить это слияние в нашем словаре <code>splits</code>. Давайте напишем для этого еще одну функцию:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">merge_pair</span>(<span class="hljs-params">a, b, splits</span>):
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> word <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> word_freqs:
	split = splits[word]
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(split) == <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
	<span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
	i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> i < <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(split) - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> split[i] == a <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> split[i + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>] == b:
	merge = a + b[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>:] <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> b.startswith(<span class="hljs-string">"##"</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> a + b
	split = split[:i] + [merge] + split[i + <span class="hljs-number">2</span> :]
	<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
	i += <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
	splits[word] = split
	<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> splits<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-hv4pw2">И мы можем посмотреть на результат первого слияния:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->splits = merge_pair(<span class="hljs-string">"a"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"##b"</span>, splits)
	splits[<span class="hljs-string">"about"</span>]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[<span class="hljs-string">'ab'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##o'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##u'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##t'</span>]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-whfns4">Теперь у нас есть все, что нужно, чтобы зацикливать процесс до тех пор, пока мы не выучим все слияния, которые нам нужны. Давайте нацелимся на размер словаря равный 70:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->vocab_size = <span class="hljs-number">70</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(vocab) < vocab_size:
	scores = compute_pair_scores(splits)
	best_pair, max_score = <span class="hljs-string">""</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> pair, score <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> scores.items():
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> max_score <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> max_score < score:
	best_pair = pair
	max_score = score
	splits = merge_pair(*best_pair, splits)
	new_token = (
	best_pair[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] + best_pair[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>][<span class="hljs-number">2</span>:]
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> best_pair[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>].startswith(<span class="hljs-string">"##"</span>)
	<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> best_pair[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] + best_pair[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>]
	)
	vocab.append(new_token)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-qviz67">Затем мы можем просмотреть созданный словарь:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(vocab)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[<span class="hljs-string">'[PAD]'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'[UNK]'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'[CLS]'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'[SEP]'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'[MASK]'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##a'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##b'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##c'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##d'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##e'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##f'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##g'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##h'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##i'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##k'</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">'##l'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##m'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##n'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##o'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##p'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##r'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##s'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##t'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##u'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##v'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##w'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##y'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##z'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">','</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'.'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'C'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'F'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'H'</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">'T'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'a'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'b'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'c'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'g'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'h'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'i'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'s'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'t'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'u'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'w'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'ab'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##fu'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Fa'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Fac'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##ct'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##ful'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##full'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##fully'</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">'Th'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'ch'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##hm'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'cha'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'chap'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'chapt'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##thm'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Hu'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Hug'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Hugg'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'sh'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'th'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'is'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##thms'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##za'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##zat'</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">'##ut'</span>]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-12ddnm">Как мы видим, по сравнению с BPE этот токенизатор быстрее выучивает части слов как токены.</p> <div class="course-tip bg-gradient-to-br dark:bg-gradient-to-r before:border-green-500 dark:before:border-green-800 from-green-50 dark:from-gray-900 to-white dark:to-gray-950 border border-green-50 text-green-700 dark:text-gray-400"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-5xoi5o">💡 Использование <code>train_new_from_iterator()</code> на одном и том же корпусе не приведет к точно такому же словарю. Это происходит потому, что библиотека 🤗 Tokenizers не реализует WordPiece для обучения (поскольку мы не полностью уверены в его внутреннем устройстве), а использует вместо него BPE.</p></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1rj1p5f">Чтобы токенизировать новый текст, мы предварительно токенизируем его, разбиваем на части, а затем применяем алгоритм токенизации к каждому слову. То есть начиная с первого слова мы ищем самое большое подслово и разбиваем его на части, затем мы повторяем процесс для второй части, и так далее для оставшейся части этого слова и следующих слов в тексте:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">encode_word</span>(<span class="hljs-params">word</span>):
	tokens = []
	<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(word) > <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
	i = <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(word)
	<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> i > <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> word[:i] <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> vocab:
	i -= <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
	<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> [<span class="hljs-string">"[UNK]"</span>]
	tokens.append(word[:i])
	word = word[i:]
	<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(word) > <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
	word = <span class="hljs-string">f"##<span class="hljs-subst">{word}</span>"</span>
	<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> tokens<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-fxmhyj">Давайте проверим алгоритм на одном слове, которое есть в словаре, и на другом, которого нет:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(encode_word(<span class="hljs-string">"Hugging"</span>))
	<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(encode_word(<span class="hljs-string">"HOgging"</span>))<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[<span class="hljs-string">'Hugg'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##i'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##n'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##g'</span>]
	[<span class="hljs-string">'[UNK]'</span>]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-gma2ey">Теперь давайте напишем функцию, которая токенизирует текст:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">tokenize</span>(<span class="hljs-params">text</span>):
	pre_tokenize_result = tokenizer._tokenizer.pre_tokenizer.pre_tokenize_str(text)
	pre_tokenized_text = [word <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> word, offset <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pre_tokenize_result]
	encoded_words = [encode_word(word) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> word <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pre_tokenized_text]
	<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sum</span>(encoded_words, [])<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-7ot5k5">Мы можем попробовать его на любом тексте:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->tokenize(<span class="hljs-string">"This is the Hugging Face course!"</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->[<span class="hljs-string">'Th'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##i'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##s'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'is'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'th'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##e'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Hugg'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##i'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##n'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##g'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Fac'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##e'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'c'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##o'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##u'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##r'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'##s'</span>,
	<span class="hljs-string">'##e'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'[UNK]'</span>]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-flg8sq">Вот и все об алгоритме WordPiece! Теперь давайте посмотрим на Unigram.</p> <a class="!text-gray-400 !no-underline text-sm flex items-center not-prose mt-4" href="https://github.com/huggingface/course/blob/main/chapters/ru/chapter6/6.mdx" target="_blank"><span data-svelte-h="svelte-1kd6by1"><</span> <span data-svelte-h="svelte-x0xyl0">></span> <span data-svelte-h="svelte-1dajgef"><span class="underline ml-1.5">Update</span> on GitHub</span></a> <p></p>

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