Buckets:
| <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="hf:doc:metadata" content="{"title":"Chat templates","local":"chat-templates","sections":[{"title":"Using apply_chat_template","local":"using-applychattemplate","sections":[{"title":"add_generation_prompt","local":"addgenerationprompt","sections":[],"depth":3},{"title":"continue_final_message","local":"continuefinalmessage","sections":[],"depth":3}],"depth":2},{"title":"Model training","local":"model-training","sections":[],"depth":2}],"depth":1}"> | |
| <link href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/assets/0.e3b0c442.css" rel="modulepreload"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/entry/start.b2c4257a.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/scheduler.31fdf58d.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/singletons.9860629f.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/index.252883d5.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/paths.e85c0ec8.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/entry/app.05ef1f97.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/preload-helper.40847a0e.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/index.2f76fdf0.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/nodes/0.ca4aafa4.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/each.e59479a4.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/nodes/12.bae14d8c.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/CopyLLMTxtMenu.ff482081.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/MermaidChart.svelte_svelte_type_style_lang.71f274cc.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/IconCopy.ac192424.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/CodeBlock.ab12f8e1.js"> | |
| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/chunks/HfOption.fb051768.js"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_START --><meta name="hf:doc:metadata" content="{"title":"Chat templates","local":"chat-templates","sections":[{"title":"Using apply_chat_template","local":"using-applychattemplate","sections":[{"title":"add_generation_prompt","local":"addgenerationprompt","sections":[],"depth":3},{"title":"continue_final_message","local":"continuefinalmessage","sections":[],"depth":3}],"depth":2},{"title":"Model training","local":"model-training","sections":[],"depth":2}],"depth":1}"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_END --> <p></p> <div class="items-center shrink-0 min-w-[100px] max-sm:min-w-[50px] justify-end ml-auto flex" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px; display: inline-flex; position: relative; z-index: 10;"><div class="inline-flex rounded-md max-sm:rounded-sm"><button class="inline-flex items-center gap-1 max-sm:gap-0.5 h-6 max-sm:h-5 px-2 max-sm:px-1.5 text-[11px] max-sm:text-[9px] font-medium text-gray-800 border border-r-0 rounded-l-md max-sm:rounded-l-sm border-gray-200 bg-white hover:shadow-inner dark:border-gray-850 dark:bg-gray-950 dark:text-gray-200 dark:hover:bg-gray-800" aria-live="polite"><span class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md p-0.5 max-sm:p-0"><svg class="w-3 h-3 max-sm:w-2.5 max-sm:h-2.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg></span> <span>Copy page</span></button> <button class="inline-flex items-center justify-center w-6 max-sm:w-5 h-6 max-sm:h-5 disabled:pointer-events-none text-sm text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:hover:text-white rounded-r-md max-sm:rounded-r-sm border border-l transition border-gray-200 bg-white hover:shadow-inner dark:border-gray-850 dark:bg-gray-950 dark:text-gray-200 dark:hover:bg-gray-800" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open copy menu"><svg class="transition-transform text-gray-400 overflow-visible w-3 h-3 max-sm:w-2.5 max-sm:h-2.5 rotate-0" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 12 7" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1L6 6L11 1" stroke="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div> </div> <h1 class="relative group"><a id="chat-templates" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#chat-templates"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Chat templates</span></h1> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-3097ig">The <a href="./conversations">chat basics</a> guide covers how to store chat histories and generate text from chat models using <a href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/main_classes/pipelines#transformers.TextGenerationPipeline">TextGenerationPipeline</a>.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-jy5ci">This guide is intended for more advanced users, and covers the underlying classes and methods, as well as the key concepts for understanding what’s actually going on when you chat with a model.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-qpje9x">The critical insight needed to understand chat models is this: All causal LMs, whether chat-trained or not, continue a sequence of tokens. When causal LMs are trained, the training usually begins with “pre-training” on a huge corpus of text, which creates a “base” model. | |
| These base models are then often “fine-tuned” for chat, which means training them on data that is formatted as a sequence of messages. The chat is still just a sequence of tokens, though! The list of <code>role</code> and <code>content</code> dictionaries that you pass | |
| to a chat model get converted to a token sequence, often with control tokens like <code><|user|></code> or <code><|assistant|></code> or <code><|end_of_message|></code>, which allow the model to see the chat structure. | |
| There are many possible chat formats, and different models may use different formats or control tokens, even if they were fine-tuned from the same base model!</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1fcb6yt">Don’t panic, though - you don’t need to memorize every possible chat format in order to use chat models. Chat models come with <strong>chat templates</strong>, which indicate how they expect chats to be formatted. | |
| You can access these with the <code>apply_chat_template</code> method. Let’s see two examples. Both of these models are fine-tuned from the same <code>Mistral-7B</code> base model:</p> <div class="flex space-x-2 items-center my-1.5 mr-8 h-7 !pl-0 -mx-3 md:mx-0"><div class="flex items-center border rounded-lg px-1.5 py-1 leading-none select-none text-smd border-gray-800 bg-black dark:bg-gray-700 text-white">Mistral </div><div class="flex items-center border rounded-lg px-1.5 py-1 leading-none select-none text-smd text-gray-500 cursor-pointer opacity-90 hover:text-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200 hover:shadow-sm">Zephyr </div></div> <div class="language-select"><div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoTokenizer | |
| tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">"mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.1"</span>) | |
| chat = [ | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"user"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Hello, how are you?"</span>}, | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"assistant"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"I'm doing great. How can I help you today?"</span>}, | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"user"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"I'd like to show off how chat templating works!"</span>}, | |
| ] | |
| tokenizer.apply_chat_template(chat, tokenize=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">s</span>></span></span>[INST] Hello, how are you? [/INST]I'm doing great. How can I help you today?<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">s</span>></span></span> [INST] I'd like to show off how chat templating works! [/INST]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> </div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-y43mzu">Mistral-7B-Instruct uses <code>[INST]</code> and <code>[/INST]</code> tokens to indicate the start and end of user messages, while Zephyr-7B uses <code><|user|></code> and <code><|assistant|></code> tokens to indicate speaker roles. This is why chat templates are important - with the wrong control tokens, these models would have drastically worse performance.</p> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="using-applychattemplate" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#using-applychattemplate"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Using apply_chat_template</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1khk9cp">The input to <code>apply_chat_template</code> should be structured as a list of dictionaries with <code>role</code> and <code>content</code> keys. The <code>role</code> key specifies the speaker, and the <code>content</code> key contains the message. The common roles are:</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-1f4opwl"><li><code>user</code> for messages from the user</li> <li><code>assistant</code> for messages from the model</li> <li><code>system</code> for directives on how the model should act (usually placed at the beginning of the chat)</li></ul> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-7rgca2"><code>apply_chat_template</code> takes this list and returns a formatted sequence. Set <code>tokenize=True</code> if you want to tokenize the sequence.</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> torch | |
| <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer | |
| tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">"HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta"</span>) | |
| model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">"HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta"</span>, device_map=<span class="hljs-string">"auto"</span>, dtype=torch.bfloat16) | |
| messages = [ | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"system"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"You are a friendly chatbot who always responds in the style of a pirate"</span>,}, | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"user"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"How many helicopters can a human eat in one sitting?"</span>}, | |
| ] | |
| tokenized_chat = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, add_generation_prompt=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">"pt"</span>) | |
| <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(tokenizer.decode(tokenized_chat[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]))<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><|system|> | |
| You are a friendly chatbot who always responds in the style of a pirate<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">s</span>></span></span> | |
| <|user|> | |
| How many helicopters can a human eat in one sitting?<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">s</span>></span></span> | |
| <|assistant|><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1pnhc8">Pass the tokenized chat to <a href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/main_classes/text_generation#transformers.GenerationMixin.generate">generate()</a> to generate a response.</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->outputs = model.generate(tokenized_chat, max_new_tokens=<span class="hljs-number">128</span>) | |
| <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(tokenizer.decode(outputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]))<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><|system|> | |
| You are a friendly chatbot who always responds in the style of a pirate<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">s</span>></span></span> | |
| <|user|> | |
| How many helicopters can a human eat in one sitting?<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">s</span>></span></span> | |
| <|assistant|> | |
| Matey, I'm afraid I must inform ye that humans cannot eat helicopters. Helicopters are not food, they are flying machines. Food is meant to be eaten, like a hearty plate o' grog, a savory bowl o' stew, or a delicious loaf o' bread. But helicopters, they be for transportin' and movin' around, not for eatin'. So, I'd say none, me hearties. None at all.<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <blockquote class="warning" data-svelte-h="svelte-1yhtwa1"><p>Some tokenizers add special <code><bos></code> and <code><eos></code> tokens. Chat templates should already include all the necessary special tokens, and adding additional special tokens is often incorrect or duplicated, hurting model performance. When you format text with <code>apply_chat_template(tokenize=False)</code>, make sure you set <code>add_special_tokens=False</code> if you tokenize later to avoid duplicating these tokens. | |
| This isn’t an issue if you use <code>apply_chat_template(tokenize=True)</code>, which means it’s usually the safer option!</p></blockquote> <h3 class="relative group"><a id="addgenerationprompt" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#addgenerationprompt"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>add_generation_prompt</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-2u2l37">You may have noticed the <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.apply_chat_template.add_generation_prompt" rel="nofollow">add_generation_prompt</a> argument in the above examples. | |
| This argument adds tokens to the end of the chat that indicate the start of an <code>assistant</code> response. Remember: Beneath all the chat abstractions, chat models are still just language models that continue a sequence of tokens! | |
| If you include tokens that tell it that it’s now in an <code>assistant</code> response, it will correctly write a response, but if you don’t include these tokens, the model may get confused and do something strange, like <strong>continuing</strong> the user’s message instead of replying to it!</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-ua94ut">Let’s see an example to understand what <code>add_generation_prompt</code> is actually doing. First, let’s format a chat without <code>add_generation_prompt</code>:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->tokenized_chat = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, add_generation_prompt=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>) | |
| tokenized_chat<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><|im<span class="hljs-emphasis">_start|>user | |
| Hi there!<|im_</span>end|> | |
| <|im<span class="hljs-emphasis">_start|>assistant | |
| Nice to meet you!<|im_</span>end|> | |
| <|im<span class="hljs-emphasis">_start|>user | |
| Can I ask a question?<|im_</span>end|><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1aqfh6e">Now, let’s format the same chat with <code>add_generation_prompt=True</code>:</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->tokenized_chat = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, add_generation_prompt=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>) | |
| tokenized_chat<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><|im<span class="hljs-emphasis">_start|>user | |
| Hi there!<|im_</span>end|> | |
| <|im<span class="hljs-emphasis">_start|>assistant | |
| Nice to meet you!<|im_</span>end|> | |
| <|im<span class="hljs-emphasis">_start|>user | |
| Can I ask a question?<|im_</span>end|> | |
| <|im<span class="hljs-emphasis">_start|>assistant | |
| </span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1aecaad">When <code>add_generation_prompt=True</code>, <code><|im_start|>assistant</code> is added at the end to indicate the start of an <code>assistant</code> message. This lets the model know an <code>assistant</code> response is next.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-i0gqff">Not all models require generation prompts, and some models, like <a href="./model_doc/llama">Llama</a>, don’t have any special tokens before the <code>assistant</code> response. In these cases, <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.apply_chat_template.add_generation_prompt" rel="nofollow">add_generation_prompt</a> has no effect.</p> <h3 class="relative group"><a id="continuefinalmessage" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#continuefinalmessage"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>continue_final_message</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1i8l1l2">The <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.apply_chat_template.continue_final_message" rel="nofollow">continue_final_message</a> parameter controls whether the final message in the chat should be continued or not instead of starting a new one. It removes end of sequence tokens so that the model continues generation from the final message.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-eqn8bq">This is useful for “prefilling” a model response. In the example below, the model generates text that continues the JSON string rather than starting a new message. It can be very useful for improving the accuracy of instruction following when you know how to start its replies.</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->chat = [ | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"user"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Can you format the answer in JSON?"</span>}, | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"assistant"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'{"name": "'</span>}, | |
| ] | |
| formatted_chat = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(chat, tokenize=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, return_dict=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, continue_final_message=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>) | |
| model.generate(**formatted_chat)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <blockquote class="warning" data-svelte-h="svelte-1495xpu"><p>You shouldn’t use <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.apply_chat_template.add_generation_prompt" rel="nofollow">add_generation_prompt</a> and <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.apply_chat_template.continue_final_message" rel="nofollow">continue_final_message</a> together. The former adds tokens that start a new message, while the latter removes end of sequence tokens. Using them together returns an error.</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-6n7t34"><a href="/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/main_classes/pipelines#transformers.TextGenerationPipeline">TextGenerationPipeline</a> sets <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.apply_chat_template.add_generation_prompt" rel="nofollow">add_generation_prompt</a> to <code>True</code> by default to start a new message. However, if the final message in the chat has the <code>assistant</code> role, it assumes the message is a prefill and switches to <code>continue_final_message=True</code>. This is because most models don’t support multiple consecutive assistant messages. To override this behavior, explicitly pass the <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/internal/tokenization_utils#transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerBase.apply_chat_template.continue_final_message" rel="nofollow">continue_final_message</a> argument to the pipeline.</p> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="model-training" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#model-training"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Model training</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1bggzm6">Training a model with a chat template is a good way to ensure the template matches the tokens the model was trained on. Apply the chat template as a preprocessing step to your dataset. Set <code>add_generation_prompt=False</code> because the additional tokens to prompt an assistant response aren’t helpful during training.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1ugja9g">An example of preprocessing a dataset with a chat template is shown below.</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoTokenizer | |
| <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> datasets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Dataset | |
| tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">"HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta"</span>) | |
| chat1 = [ | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"user"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Which is bigger, the moon or the sun?"</span>}, | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"assistant"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"The sun."</span>} | |
| ] | |
| chat2 = [ | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"user"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Which is bigger, a virus or a bacterium?"</span>}, | |
| {<span class="hljs-string">"role"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"assistant"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"content"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"A bacterium."</span>} | |
| ] | |
| dataset = Dataset.from_dict({<span class="hljs-string">"chat"</span>: [chat1, chat2]}) | |
| dataset = dataset.<span class="hljs-built_in">map</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> x: {<span class="hljs-string">"formatted_chat"</span>: tokenizer.apply_chat_template(x[<span class="hljs-string">"chat"</span>], tokenize=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, add_generation_prompt=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)}) | |
| <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(dataset[<span class="hljs-string">'formatted_chat'</span>][<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><|user|> | |
| Which is bigger, the moon or the sun?<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">s</span>></span></span> | |
| <|assistant|> | |
| The sun.<span class="language-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">s</span>></span></span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-14db47k">After this step, you can continue following the <a href="./tasks/language_modeling">training recipe</a> for causal language models using the <code>formatted_chat</code> column.</p> <a class="!text-gray-400 !no-underline text-sm flex items-center not-prose mt-4" href="https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/docs/source/en/chat_templating.md" target="_blank"><svg class="mr-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M31,16l-7,7l-1.41-1.41L28.17,16l-5.58-5.59L24,9l7,7z"></path><path d="M1,16l7-7l1.41,1.41L3.83,16l5.58,5.59L8,23l-7-7z"></path><path d="M12.419,25.484L17.639,6.552l1.932,0.518L14.351,26.002z"></path></svg> <span data-svelte-h="svelte-zjs2n5"><span class="underline">Update</span> on GitHub</span></a> <p></p> | |
| <script> | |
| { | |
| __sveltekit_16tnnm8 = { | |
| assets: "/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en", | |
| base: "/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en", | |
| env: {} | |
| }; | |
| const element = document.currentScript.parentElement; | |
| const data = [null,null]; | |
| Promise.all([ | |
| import("/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/entry/start.b2c4257a.js"), | |
| import("/docs/transformers/pr_33892/en/_app/immutable/entry/app.05ef1f97.js") | |
| ]).then(([kit, app]) => { | |
| kit.start(app, element, { | |
| node_ids: [0, 12], | |
| data, | |
| form: null, | |
| error: null | |
| }); | |
| }); | |
| } | |
| </script> | |
Xet Storage Details
- Size:
- 45.8 kB
- Xet hash:
- cdb9b0ae560c06a830b06a04808967fa35423a8fb2ad5414556c9d0d46b18107
·
Xet efficiently stores files, intelligently splitting them into unique chunks and accelerating uploads and downloads. More info.