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| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/transformers/pr_33913/en/_app/immutable/chunks/EditOnGithub.91d95064.js"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_START --><meta name="hf:doc:metadata" content="{"title":"Performance and Scalability","local":"performance-and-scalability","sections":[{"title":"Training","local":"training","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Inference","local":"inference","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Training and inference","local":"training-and-inference","sections":[],"depth":2},{"title":"Contribute","local":"contribute","sections":[],"depth":2}],"depth":1}"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_END --> <p></p> <h1 class="relative group"><a id="performance-and-scalability" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#performance-and-scalability"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Performance and Scalability</span></h1> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1wq4i4b">Training large transformer models and deploying them to production present various challenges.<br> | |
| During training, the model may require more GPU memory than available or exhibit slow training speed. In the deployment | |
| phase, the model can struggle to handle the required throughput in a production environment.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-9s4brt">This documentation aims to assist you in overcoming these challenges and finding the optimal settings for your use-case. | |
| The guides are divided into training and inference sections, as each comes with different challenges and solutions. | |
| Within each section you’ll find separate guides for different hardware configurations, such as single GPU vs. multi-GPU | |
| for training or CPU vs. GPU for inference.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-6nd06u">Use this document as your starting point to navigate further to the methods that match your scenario.</p> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="training" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#training"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Training</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1hwmwxf">Training large transformer models efficiently requires an accelerator such as a GPU or TPU. The most common case is where | |
| you have a single GPU. The methods that you can apply to improve training efficiency on a single GPU extend to other setups | |
| such as multiple GPU. However, there are also techniques that are specific to multi-GPU or CPU training. We cover them in | |
| separate sections.</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-uklrf2"><li><a href="perf_train_gpu_one">Methods and tools for efficient training on a single GPU</a>: start here to learn common approaches that can help optimize GPU memory utilization, speed up the training, or both.</li> <li><a href="perf_train_gpu_many">Multi-GPU training section</a>: explore this section to learn about further optimization methods that apply to a multi-GPU settings, such as data, tensor, and pipeline parallelism.</li> <li><a href="perf_train_cpu">CPU training section</a>: learn about mixed precision training on CPU.</li> <li><a href="perf_train_cpu_many">Efficient Training on Multiple CPUs</a>: learn about distributed CPU training.</li> <li><a href="perf_train_tpu_tf">Training on TPU with TensorFlow</a>: if you are new to TPUs, refer to this section for an opinionated introduction to training on TPUs and using XLA.</li> <li><a href="perf_hardware">Custom hardware for training</a>: find tips and tricks when building your own deep learning rig.</li> <li><a href="hpo_train">Hyperparameter Search using Trainer API</a></li></ul> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="inference" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#inference"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Inference</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-l8wb5c">Efficient inference with large models in a production environment can be as challenging as training them. In the following | |
| sections we go through the steps to run inference on CPU and single/multi-GPU setups.</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-1raexgk"><li><a href="perf_infer_cpu">Inference on a single CPU</a></li> <li><a href="perf_infer_gpu_one">Inference on a single GPU</a></li> <li><a href="perf_infer_gpu_multi">Multi-GPU inference</a></li> <li><a href="tf_xla">XLA Integration for TensorFlow Models</a></li></ul> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="training-and-inference" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#training-and-inference"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Training and inference</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-47g9l2">Here you’ll find techniques, tips and tricks that apply whether you are training a model, or running inference with it.</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-nwukeg"><li><a href="big_models">Instantiating a big model</a></li> <li><a href="debugging">Troubleshooting performance issues</a></li></ul> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="contribute" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#contribute"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Contribute</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1v03uxh">This document is far from being complete and a lot more needs to be added, so if you have additions or corrections to | |
| make please don’t hesitate to open a PR or if you aren’t sure start an Issue and we can discuss the details there.</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-uw4rm0">When making contributions that A is better than B, please try to include a reproducible benchmark and/or a link to the | |
| source of that information (unless it comes directly from you).</p> <a class="!text-gray-400 !no-underline text-sm flex items-center not-prose mt-4" href="https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/docs/source/en/performance.md" target="_blank"><span data-svelte-h="svelte-1kd6by1"><</span> <span data-svelte-h="svelte-x0xyl0">></span> <span data-svelte-h="svelte-1dajgef"><span class="underline ml-1.5">Update</span> on GitHub</span></a> <p></p> | |
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