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margin-left: 10px; display: inline-flex; position: relative; z-index: 10;"> <div class="relative colab-dropdown "> <button class="  " type="button">  <img alt="Open In Colab" class="!m-0" src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg"> </button>    </div> <div class="relative colab-dropdown "> <button class="  " type="button">  <img alt="Open In Studio Lab" class="!m-0" src="https://studiolab.sagemaker.aws/studiolab.svg"> </button>    </div></div>  <h1 class="relative group"><a id="预处理" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#预处理"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>预处理</span></h1> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-57hvw4">在您可以在数据集上训练模型之前，数据需要被预处理为期望的模型输入格式。无论您的数据是文本、图像还是音频，它们都需要被转换并组合成批量的张量。🤗 Transformers 提供了一组预处理类来帮助准备数据以供模型使用。在本教程中，您将了解以下内容：</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-1hsd81q"><li>对于文本，使用<a href="./main_classes/tokenizer">分词器</a>(<code>Tokenizer</code>)将文本转换为一系列标记(<code>tokens</code>)，并创建<code>tokens</code>的数字表示，将它们组合成张量。</li> <li>对于语音和音频，使用<a href="./main_classes/feature_extractor">特征提取器</a>(<code>Feature extractor</code>)从音频波形中提取顺序特征并将其转换为张量。</li> <li>图像输入使用<a href="./main_classes/image">图像处理器</a>(<code>ImageProcessor</code>)将图像转换为张量。</li> <li>多模态输入，使用<a href="./main_classes/processors">处理器</a>(<code>Processor</code>)结合了<code>Tokenizer</code>和<code>ImageProcessor</code>或<code>Processor</code>。</li></ul> <blockquote class="tip"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-15q7u4p"><code>AutoProcessor</code> <strong>始终</strong>有效的自动选择适用于您使用的模型的正确<code>class</code>，无论您使用的是<code>Tokenizer</code>、<code>ImageProcessor</code>、<code>Feature extractor</code>还是<code>Processor</code>。</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-150n5d8">在开始之前，请安装🤗 Datasets，以便您可以加载一些数据集来进行实验：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-bash "><!-- HTML_TAG_START -->pip install datasets<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>  <h2 class="relative group"><a id="自然语言处理" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#自然语言处理"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>自然语言处理</span></h2> <iframe class="w-full xl:w-4/6 h-80" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Yffk5aydLzg" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-hnvf1k">处理文本数据的主要工具是<a href="main_classes/tokenizer">Tokenizer</a>。<code>Tokenizer</code>根据一组规则将文本拆分为<code>tokens</code>。然后将这些<code>tokens</code>转换为数字，然后转换为张量，成为模型的输入。模型所需的任何附加输入都由<code>Tokenizer</code>添加。</p> <blockquote class="tip"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-7bavid">如果您计划使用预训练模型，重要的是使用与之关联的预训练<code>Tokenizer</code>。这确保文本的拆分方式与预训练语料库相同，并在预训练期间使用相同的标记-索引的对应关系（通常称为<em>词汇表</em>-<code>vocab</code>）。</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-15kukrx">开始使用<code>AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained()</code>方法加载一个预训练<code>tokenizer</code>。这将下载模型预训练的<code>vocab</code>：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoTokenizer

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;google-bert/bert-base-cased&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1d8f6vo">然后将您的文本传递给<code>tokenizer</code>：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>encoded_input = tokenizer(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.&quot;</span>)
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(encoded_input)
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;input_ids&#x27;</span>: [<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2079</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2025</span>, <span class="hljs-number">19960</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10362</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1999</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1996</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3821</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1997</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16657</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1010</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2005</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2027</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2024</span>, <span class="hljs-number">11259</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1998</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4248</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2000</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4963</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1012</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>],
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;token_type_ids&#x27;</span>: [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;attention_mask&#x27;</span>: [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>]}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-e4eoo0"><code>tokenizer</code>返回一个包含三个重要对象的字典：</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-1gcejaa"><li><a href="glossary#input-ids">input_ids</a> 是与句子中每个<code>token</code>对应的索引。</li> <li><a href="glossary#attention-mask">attention_mask</a> 指示是否应该关注一个<code>token</code>。</li> <li><a href="glossary#token-type-ids">token_type_ids</a> 在存在多个序列时标识一个<code>token</code>属于哪个序列。</li></ul> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-sxeuuy">通过解码 <code>input_ids</code> 来返回您的输入：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>tokenizer.decode(encoded_input[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;input_ids&quot;</span>])
<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;[CLS] Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger. [SEP]&#x27;</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-oa22aj">如您所见，<code>tokenizer</code>向句子中添加了两个特殊<code>token</code> - <code>CLS</code> 和 <code>SEP</code>（分类器和分隔符）。并非所有模型都需要特殊<code>token</code>，但如果需要，<code>tokenizer</code>会自动为您添加。</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1sqwvy">如果有多个句子需要预处理，将它们作为列表传递给<code>tokenizer</code>：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>batch_sentences = [
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;But what about second breakfast?&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Don&#x27;t think he knows about second breakfast, Pip.&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;What about elevensies?&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>encoded_inputs = tokenizer(batch_sentences)
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(encoded_inputs)
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;input_ids&#x27;</span>: [[<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1252</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1184</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1248</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6462</span>, <span class="hljs-number">136</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>],
               [<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1790</span>, <span class="hljs-number">112</span>, <span class="hljs-number">189</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1341</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1119</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3520</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1248</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6462</span>, <span class="hljs-number">117</span>, <span class="hljs-number">21902</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1643</span>, <span class="hljs-number">119</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>],
               [<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1327</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5450</span>, <span class="hljs-number">23434</span>, <span class="hljs-number">136</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>]],
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;token_type_ids&#x27;</span>: [[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]],
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;attention_mask&#x27;</span>: [[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>]]}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>  <h3 class="relative group"><a id="填充" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#填充"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>填充</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1gp4b45">句子的长度并不总是相同，这可能会成为一个问题，因为模型输入的张量需要具有统一的形状。填充是一种策略，通过在较短的句子中添加一个特殊的<code>padding token</code>，以确保张量是矩形的。</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1suq2wo">将 <code>padding</code> 参数设置为 <code>True</code>，以使批次中较短的序列填充到与最长序列相匹配的长度：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>batch_sentences = [
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;But what about second breakfast?&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Don&#x27;t think he knows about second breakfast, Pip.&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;What about elevensies?&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>encoded_input = tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(encoded_input)
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;input_ids&#x27;</span>: [[<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1252</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1184</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1248</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6462</span>, <span class="hljs-number">136</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
               [<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1790</span>, <span class="hljs-number">112</span>, <span class="hljs-number">189</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1341</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1119</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3520</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1248</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6462</span>, <span class="hljs-number">117</span>, <span class="hljs-number">21902</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1643</span>, <span class="hljs-number">119</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>],
               [<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1327</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5450</span>, <span class="hljs-number">23434</span>, <span class="hljs-number">136</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]],
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;token_type_ids&#x27;</span>: [[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]],
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;attention_mask&#x27;</span>: [[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]]}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-bt508w">第一句和第三句因为较短，通过<code>0</code>进行填充，。</p>  <h3 class="relative group"><a id="截断" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#截断"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>截断</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-ul5141">另一方面，有时候一个序列可能对模型来说太长了。在这种情况下，您需要将序列截断为更短的长度。</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-171hj5z">将 <code>truncation</code> 参数设置为 <code>True</code>，以将序列截断为模型接受的最大长度：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>batch_sentences = [
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;But what about second breakfast?&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Don&#x27;t think he knows about second breakfast, Pip.&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;What about elevensies?&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>encoded_input = tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, truncation=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(encoded_input)
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;input_ids&#x27;</span>: [[<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1252</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1184</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1248</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6462</span>, <span class="hljs-number">136</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
               [<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1790</span>, <span class="hljs-number">112</span>, <span class="hljs-number">189</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1341</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1119</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3520</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1248</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6462</span>, <span class="hljs-number">117</span>, <span class="hljs-number">21902</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1643</span>, <span class="hljs-number">119</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>],
               [<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1327</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5450</span>, <span class="hljs-number">23434</span>, <span class="hljs-number">136</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]],
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;token_type_ids&#x27;</span>: [[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]],
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;attention_mask&#x27;</span>: [[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
                    [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]]}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <blockquote class="tip"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-127dmqz">查看<a href="./pad_truncation">填充和截断</a>概念指南，了解更多有关填充和截断参数的信息。</p></blockquote>  <h3 class="relative group"><a id="构建张量" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#构建张量"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>构建张量</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1ulyw9u">最后，<code>tokenizer</code>可以返回实际输入到模型的张量。</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-bmegay">将 <code>return_tensors</code> 参数设置为 <code>pt</code>（对于PyTorch）或 <code>tf</code>（对于TensorFlow）：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>batch_sentences = [
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;But what about second breakfast?&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Don&#x27;t think he knows about second breakfast, Pip.&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;What about elevensies?&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>encoded_input = tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, truncation=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pt&quot;</span>)
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(encoded_input)
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;input_ids&#x27;</span>: tensor([[<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1252</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1184</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1248</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6462</span>, <span class="hljs-number">136</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                      [<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1790</span>, <span class="hljs-number">112</span>, <span class="hljs-number">189</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1341</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1119</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3520</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1248</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6462</span>, <span class="hljs-number">117</span>, <span class="hljs-number">21902</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1643</span>, <span class="hljs-number">119</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>],
                      [<span class="hljs-number">101</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1327</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1164</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5450</span>, <span class="hljs-number">23434</span>, <span class="hljs-number">136</span>, <span class="hljs-number">102</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]]),
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;token_type_ids&#x27;</span>: tensor([[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                           [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                           [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]]),
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;attention_mask&#x27;</span>: tensor([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
                           [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
                           [<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]])}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>  <h2 class="relative group"><a id="音频" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#音频"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>音频</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-fm6sxq">对于音频任务，您需要<a href="main_classes/feature_extractor">feature extractor</a>来准备您的数据集以供模型使用。<code>feature extractor</code>旨在从原始音频数据中提取特征，并将它们转换为张量。</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-8imvfg">加载<a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/PolyAI/minds14" rel="nofollow">MInDS-14</a>数据集（有关如何加载数据集的更多详细信息，请参阅🤗 <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/load_hub" rel="nofollow">Datasets教程</a>）以了解如何在音频数据集中使用<code>feature extractor</code>：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> datasets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> load_dataset, Audio

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset = load_dataset(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;PolyAI/minds14&quot;</span>, name=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;en-US&quot;</span>, split=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;train&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-118ophx">访问 <code>audio</code> 列的第一个元素以查看输入。调用 <code>audio</code> 列会自动加载和重新采样音频文件：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>]
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;array&#x27;</span>: array([ <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>        ,  <span class="hljs-number">0.00024414</span>, -<span class="hljs-number">0.00024414</span>, ..., -<span class="hljs-number">0.00024414</span>,
         <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>        ,  <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>        ], dtype=float32),
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;path&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/root/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/f14948e0e84be638dd7943ac36518a4cf3324e8b7aa331c5ab11541518e9368c/en-US~JOINT_ACCOUNT/602ba55abb1e6d0fbce92065.wav&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;sampling_rate&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">8000</span>}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-a5ua9y">这会返回三个对象：</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-1gxoqy4"><li><code>array</code> 是加载的语音信号 - 并在必要时重新采为<code>1D array</code>。</li> <li><code>path</code> 指向音频文件的位置。</li> <li><code>sampling_rate</code> 是每秒测量的语音信号数据点数量。</li></ul> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-h6xqj">对于本教程，您将使用<a href="https://huggingface.co/facebook/wav2vec2-base" rel="nofollow">Wav2Vec2</a>模型。查看模型卡片，您将了解到Wav2Vec2是在16kHz采样的语音音频数据上预训练的。重要的是，您的音频数据的采样率要与用于预训练模型的数据集的采样率匹配。如果您的数据的采样率不同，那么您需要对数据进行重新采样。</p> <ol data-svelte-h="svelte-9ax2i1"><li>使用🤗 Datasets的<code>cast_column</code>方法将采样率提升到16kHz：</li></ol> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset = dataset.cast_column(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>, Audio(sampling_rate=<span class="hljs-number">16_000</span>))<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <ol start="2" data-svelte-h="svelte-1p22qwm"><li>再次调用 <code>audio</code> 列以重新采样音频文件：</li></ol> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>]
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;array&#x27;</span>: array([ <span class="hljs-number">2.3443763e-05</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">2.1729663e-04</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">2.2145823e-04</span>, ...,
         <span class="hljs-number">3.8356509e-05</span>, -<span class="hljs-number">7.3497440e-06</span>, -<span class="hljs-number">2.1754686e-05</span>], dtype=float32),
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;path&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/root/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/f14948e0e84be638dd7943ac36518a4cf3324e8b7aa331c5ab11541518e9368c/en-US~JOINT_ACCOUNT/602ba55abb1e6d0fbce92065.wav&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;sampling_rate&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">16000</span>}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-2cgfbv">接下来，加载一个<code>feature extractor</code>以对输入进行标准化和填充。当填充文本数据时，会为较短的序列添加 <code>0</code>。相同的理念适用于音频数据。<code>feature extractor</code>添加 <code>0</code> - 被解释为静音 - 到<code>array</code> 。</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-xzrjf3">使用 <code>AutoFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained()</code> 加载<code>feature extractor</code>：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoFeatureExtractor

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>feature_extractor = AutoFeatureExtractor.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;facebook/wav2vec2-base&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1xvgbwn">将音频 <code>array</code> 传递给<code>feature extractor</code>。我们还建议在<code>feature extractor</code>中添加 <code>sampling_rate</code> 参数，以更好地调试可能发生的静音错误：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>audio_input = [dataset[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;array&quot;</span>]]
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>feature_extractor(audio_input, sampling_rate=<span class="hljs-number">16000</span>)
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;input_values&#x27;</span>: [array([ <span class="hljs-number">3.8106556e-04</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">2.7506407e-03</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">2.8015103e-03</span>, ...,
        <span class="hljs-number">5.6335266e-04</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">4.6588284e-06</span>, -<span class="hljs-number">1.7142107e-04</span>], dtype=float32)]}<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-183ldyx">就像<code>tokenizer</code>一样，您可以应用填充或截断来处理批次中的可变序列。请查看这两个音频样本的序列长度：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;array&quot;</span>].shape
(<span class="hljs-number">173398</span>,)

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;array&quot;</span>].shape
(<span class="hljs-number">106496</span>,)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-ilj3t6">创建一个函数来预处理数据集，以使音频样本具有相同的长度。通过指定最大样本长度，<code>feature extractor</code>将填充或截断序列以使其匹配：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">preprocess_function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">examples</span>):
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    audio_arrays = [x[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;array&quot;</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> x <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> examples[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>]]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    inputs = feature_extractor(
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        audio_arrays,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        sampling_rate=<span class="hljs-number">16000</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        padding=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        max_length=<span class="hljs-number">100000</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>        truncation=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    )
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> inputs<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-62hr3n">将<code>preprocess_function</code>应用于数据集中的前几个示例：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>processed_dataset = preprocess_function(dataset[:<span class="hljs-number">5</span>])<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-un264e">现在样本长度是相同的，并且与指定的最大长度匹配。您现在可以将经过处理的数据集传递给模型了！</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>processed_dataset[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;input_values&quot;</span>][<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].shape
(<span class="hljs-number">100000</span>,)

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>processed_dataset[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;input_values&quot;</span>][<span class="hljs-number">1</span>].shape
(<span class="hljs-number">100000</span>,)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>  <h2 class="relative group"><a id="计算机视觉" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#计算机视觉"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>计算机视觉</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-2v430n">对于计算机视觉任务，您需要一个<a href="main_classes/image_processor">image processor</a>来准备数据集以供模型使用。图像预处理包括多个步骤将图像转换为模型期望输入的格式。这些步骤包括但不限于调整大小、标准化、颜色通道校正以及将图像转换为张量。</p> <blockquote class="tip"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-27y3x3">图像预处理通常遵循某种形式的图像增强。图像预处理和图像增强都会改变图像数据，但它们有不同的目的：</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-1blarz1"><li>图像增强可以帮助防止过拟合并增加模型的鲁棒性。您可以在数据增强方面充分发挥创造性 - 调整亮度和颜色、裁剪、旋转、调整大小、缩放等。但要注意不要改变图像的含义。</li> <li>图像预处理确保图像与模型预期的输入格式匹配。在微调计算机视觉模型时，必须对图像进行与模型训练时相同的预处理。</li></ul> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-6589u">您可以使用任何您喜欢的图像增强库。对于图像预处理，请使用与模型相关联的<code>ImageProcessor</code>。</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-12d8h43">加载<a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/ethz/food101" rel="nofollow">food101</a>数据集（有关如何加载数据集的更多详细信息，请参阅🤗 <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/load_hub" rel="nofollow">Datasets教程</a>）以了解如何在计算机视觉数据集中使用图像处理器：</p> <blockquote class="tip"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-wwkorl">因为数据集相当大，请使用🤗 Datasets的<code>split</code>参数加载训练集中的少量样本！</p></blockquote> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> datasets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> load_dataset

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset = load_dataset(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;ethz/food101&quot;</span>, split=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;train[:100]&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-7qawrt">接下来，使用🤗 Datasets的<a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/package_reference/main_classes?highlight=image#datasets.Image" rel="nofollow"><code>Image</code></a>功能查看图像：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;image&quot;</span>]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="flex justify-center" data-svelte-h="svelte-1jzdron"><img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/vision-preprocess-tutorial.png"></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-kepijv">使用 <code>AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained()</code> 加载<code>image processor</code>：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoImageProcessor

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;google/vit-base-patch16-224&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-19l2gf6">首先，让我们进行图像增强。您可以使用任何您喜欢的库，但在本教程中，我们将使用torchvision的<a href="https://pytorch.org/vision/stable/transforms.html" rel="nofollow"><code>transforms</code></a>模块。如果您有兴趣使用其他数据增强库，请参阅<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/main/examples/image_classification_albumentations.ipynb" rel="nofollow">Albumentations</a>或<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/notebooks/blob/main/examples/image_classification_kornia.ipynb" rel="nofollow">Kornia notebooks</a>中的示例。</p> <ol data-svelte-h="svelte-1j9vt9e"><li>在这里，我们使用<a href="https://pytorch.org/vision/master/generated/torchvision.transforms.Compose.html" rel="nofollow"><code>Compose</code></a>将<a href="https://pytorch.org/vision/main/generated/torchvision.transforms.RandomResizedCrop.html" rel="nofollow"><code>RandomResizedCrop</code></a>和 <a href="https://pytorch.org/vision/main/generated/torchvision.transforms.ColorJitter.html" rel="nofollow"><code>ColorJitter</code></a>变换连接在一起。请注意，对于调整大小，我们可以从<code>image_processor</code>中获取图像尺寸要求。对于一些模型，精确的高度和宽度需要被定义，对于其他模型只需定义<code>shortest_edge</code>。</li></ol> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> torchvision.transforms <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> RandomResizedCrop, ColorJitter, Compose

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>size = (
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    image_processor.size[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;shortest_edge&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;shortest_edge&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> image_processor.size
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> (image_processor.size[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;height&quot;</span>], image_processor.size[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;width&quot;</span>])
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>)

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>_transforms = Compose([RandomResizedCrop(size), ColorJitter(brightness=<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, hue=<span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>)])<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <ol start="2" data-svelte-h="svelte-7msee9"><li>模型接受 <a href="model_doc/visionencoderdecoder#transformers.VisionEncoderDecoderModel.forward.pixel_values"><code>pixel_values</code></a> 作为输入。<code>ImageProcessor</code> 可以进行图像的标准化，并生成适当的张量。创建一个函数，将图像增强和图像预处理步骤组合起来处理批量图像，并生成 <code>pixel_values</code>：</li></ol> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">transforms</span>(<span class="hljs-params">examples</span>):
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    images = [_transforms(img.convert(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;RGB&quot;</span>)) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> img <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> examples[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;image&quot;</span>]]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    examples[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pixel_values&quot;</span>] = image_processor(images, do_resize=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pt&quot;</span>)[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pixel_values&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> examples<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <blockquote class="tip"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-9t0loq">在上面的示例中，我们设置<code>do_resize=False</code>，因为我们已经在图像增强转换中调整了图像的大小，并利用了适当的<code>image_processor</code>的<code>size</code>属性。如果您在图像增强期间不调整图像的大小，请将此参数排除在外。默认情况下<code>ImageProcessor</code>将处理调整大小。</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-52fc91">如果希望将图像标准化步骤为图像增强的一部分，请使用<code>image_processor.image_mean</code>和<code>image_processor.image_std</code>。</p></blockquote> <ol start="3" data-svelte-h="svelte-og6ks5"><li>然后使用🤗 Datasets的<a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/process#format-transform" rel="nofollow"><code>set_transform</code></a>在运行时应用这些变换：</li></ol> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset.set_transform(transforms)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <ol start="4" data-svelte-h="svelte-ywz9qn"><li>现在，当您访问图像时，您将注意到<code>image processor</code>已添加了 <code>pixel_values</code>。您现在可以将经过处理的数据集传递给模型了！</li></ol> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>dataset[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].keys()<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-15nxu0r">这是在应用变换后的图像样子。图像已被随机裁剪，并其颜色属性发生了变化。</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> matplotlib.pyplot <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> plt

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>img = dataset[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pixel_values&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>plt.imshow(img.permute(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>))<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <div class="flex justify-center" data-svelte-h="svelte-mp8qzc"><img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/preprocessed_image.png"></div> <blockquote class="tip"><p data-svelte-h="svelte-1hjrx53">对于诸如目标检测、语义分割、实例分割和全景分割等任务，<code>ImageProcessor</code>提供了训练后处理方法。这些方法将模型的原始输出转换为有意义的预测，如边界框或分割地图。</p></blockquote>  <h3 class="relative group"><a id="填充" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#填充"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>填充</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-q6pgt6">在某些情况下，例如，在微调<a href="./model_doc/detr">DETR</a>时，模型在训练时应用了尺度增强。这可能导致批处理中的图像大小不同。您可以使用<code>DetrImageProcessor.pad()</code>来指定自定义的<code>collate_fn</code>将图像批处理在一起。</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">collate_fn</span>(<span class="hljs-params">batch</span>):
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    pixel_values = [item[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pixel_values&quot;</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> item <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> batch]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    encoding = image_processor.pad(pixel_values, return_tensors=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pt&quot;</span>)
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    labels = [item[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;labels&quot;</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> item <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> batch]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    batch = {}
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    batch[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pixel_values&quot;</span>] = encoding[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pixel_values&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    batch[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pixel_mask&quot;</span>] = encoding[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;pixel_mask&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    batch[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;labels&quot;</span>] = labels
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> batch<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div>  <h2 class="relative group"><a id="多模态" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#多模态"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>多模态</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-5ansls">对于涉及多模态输入的任务，您需要<a href="main_classes/processors">processor</a>来为模型准备数据集。<code>processor</code>将两个处理对象-例如<code>tokenizer</code>和<code>feature extractor</code>-组合在一起。</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-14qicor">加载<a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/lj_speech" rel="nofollow">LJ Speech</a>数据集（有关如何加载数据集的更多详细信息，请参阅🤗 <a href="https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/load_hub" rel="nofollow">Datasets 教程</a>）以了解如何使用<code>processor</code>进行自动语音识别（ASR）：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> datasets <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> load_dataset

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>lj_speech = load_dataset(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;lj_speech&quot;</span>, split=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;train&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-yv5b20">对于ASR（自动语音识别），主要关注<code>audio</code>和<code>text</code>，因此可以删除其他列：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>lj_speech = lj_speech.<span class="hljs-built_in">map</span>(remove_columns=[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;file&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;id&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;normalized_text&quot;</span>])<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1jdzrmo">现在查看<code>audio</code>和<code>text</code>列：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>lj_speech[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>]
{<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;array&#x27;</span>: array([-<span class="hljs-number">7.3242188e-04</span>, -<span class="hljs-number">7.6293945e-04</span>, -<span class="hljs-number">6.4086914e-04</span>, ...,
         <span class="hljs-number">7.3242188e-04</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">2.1362305e-04</span>,  <span class="hljs-number">6.1035156e-05</span>], dtype=float32),
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;path&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;/root/.cache/huggingface/datasets/downloads/extracted/917ece08c95cf0c4115e45294e3cd0dee724a1165b7fc11798369308a465bd26/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ001-0001.wav&#x27;</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">&#x27;sampling_rate&#x27;</span>: <span class="hljs-number">22050</span>}

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>lj_speech[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>][<span class="hljs-string">&quot;text&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-string">&#x27;Printing, in the only sense with which we are at present concerned, differs from most if not from all the arts and crafts represented in the Exhibition&#x27;</span><!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-yxk2n2">请记住，您应始终<a href="preprocessing#audio">重新采样</a>音频数据集的采样率，以匹配用于预训练模型数据集的采样率！</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>lj_speech = lj_speech.cast_column(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>, Audio(sampling_rate=<span class="hljs-number">16_000</span>))<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-q7mrw9">使用<code>AutoProcessor.from_pretrained()</code>加载一个<code>processor</code>：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> transformers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AutoProcessor

<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;facebook/wav2vec2-base-960h&quot;</span>)<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <ol data-svelte-h="svelte-1sp7k8e"><li>创建一个函数，用于将包含在 <code>array</code> 中的音频数据处理为 <code>input_values</code>，并将 <code>text</code> 标记为 <code>labels</code>。这些将是输入模型的数据：</li></ol> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">prepare_dataset</span>(<span class="hljs-params">example</span>):
<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    audio = example[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;audio&quot;</span>]

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    example.update(processor(audio=audio[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;array&quot;</span>], text=example[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;text&quot;</span>], sampling_rate=<span class="hljs-number">16000</span>))

<span class="hljs-meta">... </span>    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> example<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <ol start="2" data-svelte-h="svelte-1txaf8x"><li>将 <code>prepare_dataset</code> 函数应用于一个示例：</li></ol> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5   text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class="language-py "><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>prepare_dataset(lj_speech[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-17h9wod"><code>processor</code>现在已经添加了 <code>input_values</code> 和 <code>labels</code>，并且采样率也正确降低为为16kHz。现在可以将处理后的数据集传递给模型！</p> <a class="!text-gray-400 !no-underline text-sm flex items-center not-prose mt-4" href="https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/docs/source/zh/preprocessing.md" target="_blank"><svg class="mr-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M31,16l-7,7l-1.41-1.41L28.17,16l-5.58-5.59L24,9l7,7z"></path><path d="M1,16l7-7l1.41,1.41L3.83,16l5.58,5.59L8,23l-7-7z"></path><path d="M12.419,25.484L17.639,6.552l1.932,0.518L14.351,26.002z"></path></svg> <span data-svelte-h="svelte-zjs2n5"><span class="underline">Update</span> on GitHub</span></a>  <p></p> 
			
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