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---
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tags:
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- security
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- dga-detection
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- malware
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- cybersecurity
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- domain-classification
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- transformer
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license: mit
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datasets:
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- extrahop/dga-training-data
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metrics:
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- f1
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- accuracy
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- precision
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- recall
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model-index:
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- name: dga-transformer-encoder
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results:
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- task:
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type: text-classification
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name: Domain Classification
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dataset:
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name: ExtraHop DGA Dataset
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type: extrahop/dga-training-data
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metrics:
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- type: f1
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value: 0.9678
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name: F1 Score
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- type: accuracy
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value: 0.9678
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name: Accuracy
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---
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# DGA Transformer Encoder
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A custom transformer-based model for detecting Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) domains used in malware C2 infrastructure.
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## Model Details
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- **Architecture**: Custom Transformer Encoder (4 layers, 256 dimensions, 4 attention heads)
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- **Parameters**: 3.2M
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- **Training Data**: ExtraHop DGA dataset (500K balanced samples)
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- **Performance**: 96.78% F1 score on test set
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- **Inference Speed**: <1ms per domain (GPU), ~10ms (CPU)
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## Usage
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification
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import torch
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# Character encoding
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CHARSET = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-."
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CHAR_TO_IDX = {c: i + 1 for i, c in enumerate(CHARSET)}
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PAD = 0
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def encode_domain(domain: str, max_len: int = 64):
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ids = [CHAR_TO_IDX.get(c, PAD) for c in domain.lower()]
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ids = ids[:max_len]
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ids = ids + [PAD] * (max_len - len(ids))
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return ids
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# Load model
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model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("ccss17/dga-transformer-encoder")
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model.eval()
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# Classify a domain
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def predict(domain: str):
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input_ids = torch.tensor([encode_domain(domain, max_len=64)])
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with torch.no_grad():
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logits = model(input_ids).logits
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probs = torch.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
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pred = torch.argmax(probs).item()
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label = "Legitimate" if pred == 0 else "DGA (Malicious)"
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confidence = probs[0, pred].item()
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return label, confidence
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# Examples
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print(predict("google.com")) # ('Legitimate', 0.998)
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print(predict("xjkd8f2h.com")) # ('DGA (Malicious)', 0.976)
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```
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## Try it on HuggingFace Spaces
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🚀 [Interactive Demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/ccss17/dga-detector)
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## Training Details
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- **Framework**: PyTorch + HuggingFace Transformers
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- **Optimizer**: AdamW
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- **Learning Rate**: 3e-4 with linear warmup
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- **Batch Size**: 2048 (gradient accumulation)
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- **Epochs**: 5 (early stopping at epoch 2.4)
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- **Loss**: CrossEntropyLoss
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## Model Architecture
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```
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Input: Domain string (e.g., "google.com")
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↓
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Character Tokenization: [g, o, o, g, l, e, ., c, o, m]
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↓
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Embedding Layer: 256-dim vectors
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↓
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Positional Encoding: Add position information
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↓
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Transformer Encoder (4 layers):
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- Multi-head Self-Attention (4 heads)
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- Feed-Forward Network (1024 hidden)
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- Layer Normalization
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- Residual Connections
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↓
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[CLS] Token Pooling: Extract sequence representation
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↓
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Classification Head: Linear(256 → 2)
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↓
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Output: [P(Legitimate), P(DGA)]
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```
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## Performance
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| Metric | Score |
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|--------|-------|
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| F1 Score (Macro) | 96.78% |
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| F1 Score (Binary) | 96.78% |
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| Accuracy | 96.78% |
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| Precision | 96.5% |
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| Recall | 97.1% |
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**Confusion Matrix** (Test Set):
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| | Predicted Legit | Predicted DGA |
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|----------------|----------------|---------------|
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| **True Legit** | 24,180 | 820 |
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| **True DGA** | 790 | 24,210 |
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## Limitations
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- Trained primarily on English domains
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- May not generalize to all DGA families (e.g., dictionary-based DGAs)
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- Requires domain without protocol/path for best performance
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- ~3% false positive rate
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## Citation
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If you use this model, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@misc{dga-transformer-encoder,
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author = {ccss17},
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title = {DGA Transformer Encoder},
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year = {2025},
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publisher = {HuggingFace},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/ccss17/dga-transformer-encoder}
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}
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```
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## References
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- [ExtraHop DGA Training Data](https://github.com/extrahop/dga-training-data)
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- [Attention Is All You Need](https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762)
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- [Project Repository](https://github.com/ccss17/DGA-Transformer-Encoder)
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## License
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MIT License
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---
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**Built with ❤️ using PyTorch, HuggingFace Transformers, and Gradio**
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