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- library_name: transformers
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- tags: []
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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  ## Model Details
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- ### Model Description
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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- This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ### Model Sources [optional]
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- <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Uses
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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- ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Recommendations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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- ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Training Details
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- ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- #### Metrics
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- ### Results
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- #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- #### Hardware
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- #### Software
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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- **BibTeX:**
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- **APA:**
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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  ---
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+ tags:
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+ - security
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+ - dga-detection
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+ - malware
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+ - cybersecurity
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+ - domain-classification
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+ - transformer
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+ license: mit
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+ datasets:
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+ - extrahop/dga-training-data
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+ metrics:
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+ - f1
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+ - accuracy
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+ - precision
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+ - recall
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+ model-index:
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+ - name: dga-transformer-encoder
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+ results:
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+ - task:
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+ type: text-classification
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+ name: Domain Classification
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+ dataset:
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+ name: ExtraHop DGA Dataset
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+ type: extrahop/dga-training-data
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+ metrics:
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+ - type: f1
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+ value: 0.9678
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+ name: F1 Score
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+ - type: accuracy
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+ value: 0.9678
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+ name: Accuracy
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  ---
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+ # DGA Transformer Encoder
 
 
 
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+ A custom transformer-based model for detecting Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) domains used in malware C2 infrastructure.
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  ## Model Details
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+ - **Architecture**: Custom Transformer Encoder (4 layers, 256 dimensions, 4 attention heads)
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+ - **Parameters**: 3.2M
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+ - **Training Data**: ExtraHop DGA dataset (500K balanced samples)
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+ - **Performance**: 96.78% F1 score on test set
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+ - **Inference Speed**: <1ms per domain (GPU), ~10ms (CPU)
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+
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+ ## Usage
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification
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+ import torch
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+
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+ # Character encoding
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+ CHARSET = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-."
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+ CHAR_TO_IDX = {c: i + 1 for i, c in enumerate(CHARSET)}
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+ PAD = 0
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+
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+ def encode_domain(domain: str, max_len: int = 64):
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+ ids = [CHAR_TO_IDX.get(c, PAD) for c in domain.lower()]
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+ ids = ids[:max_len]
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+ ids = ids + [PAD] * (max_len - len(ids))
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+ return ids
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+
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+ # Load model
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+ model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("ccss17/dga-transformer-encoder")
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+ model.eval()
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+
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+ # Classify a domain
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+ def predict(domain: str):
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+ input_ids = torch.tensor([encode_domain(domain, max_len=64)])
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+ with torch.no_grad():
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+ logits = model(input_ids).logits
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+ probs = torch.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
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+ pred = torch.argmax(probs).item()
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+
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+ label = "Legitimate" if pred == 0 else "DGA (Malicious)"
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+ confidence = probs[0, pred].item()
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+ return label, confidence
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+
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+ # Examples
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+ print(predict("google.com")) # ('Legitimate', 0.998)
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+ print(predict("xjkd8f2h.com")) # ('DGA (Malicious)', 0.976)
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Try it on HuggingFace Spaces
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+ 🚀 [Interactive Demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/ccss17/dga-detector)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Training Details
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+ - **Framework**: PyTorch + HuggingFace Transformers
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+ - **Optimizer**: AdamW
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+ - **Learning Rate**: 3e-4 with linear warmup
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+ - **Batch Size**: 2048 (gradient accumulation)
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+ - **Epochs**: 5 (early stopping at epoch 2.4)
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+ - **Loss**: CrossEntropyLoss
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+
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+ ## Model Architecture
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+ ```
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+ Input: Domain string (e.g., "google.com")
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+ Character Tokenization: [g, o, o, g, l, e, ., c, o, m]
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+ Embedding Layer: 256-dim vectors
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+ Positional Encoding: Add position information
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+ Transformer Encoder (4 layers):
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+ - Multi-head Self-Attention (4 heads)
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+ - Feed-Forward Network (1024 hidden)
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+ - Layer Normalization
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+ - Residual Connections
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+ [CLS] Token Pooling: Extract sequence representation
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+ Classification Head: Linear(256 → 2)
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+ Output: [P(Legitimate), P(DGA)]
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+ ```
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+ ## Performance
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+ | Metric | Score |
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+ |--------|-------|
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+ | F1 Score (Macro) | 96.78% |
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+ | F1 Score (Binary) | 96.78% |
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+ | Accuracy | 96.78% |
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+ | Precision | 96.5% |
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+ | Recall | 97.1% |
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+ **Confusion Matrix** (Test Set):
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+ | | Predicted Legit | Predicted DGA |
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+ |----------------|----------------|---------------|
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+ | **True Legit** | 24,180 | 820 |
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+ | **True DGA** | 790 | 24,210 |
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+ ## Limitations
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+ - Trained primarily on English domains
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+ - May not generalize to all DGA families (e.g., dictionary-based DGAs)
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+ - Requires domain without protocol/path for best performance
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+ - ~3% false positive rate
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+ ## Citation
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+ If you use this model, please cite:
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{dga-transformer-encoder,
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+ author = {ccss17},
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+ title = {DGA Transformer Encoder},
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+ year = {2025},
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+ publisher = {HuggingFace},
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+ url = {https://huggingface.co/ccss17/dga-transformer-encoder}
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## References
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+
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+ - [ExtraHop DGA Training Data](https://github.com/extrahop/dga-training-data)
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+ - [Attention Is All You Need](https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762)
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+ - [Project Repository](https://github.com/ccss17/DGA-Transformer-Encoder)
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+
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+ ## License
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+ MIT License
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+ ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ **Built with ❤️ using PyTorch, HuggingFace Transformers, and Gradio**