backend/node_modules/bson/src/validate_utf8.ts

const FIRST_BIT = 0x80;
const FIRST_TWO_BITS = 0xc0;
const FIRST_THREE_BITS = 0xe0;
const FIRST_FOUR_BITS = 0xf0;
const FIRST_FIVE_BITS = 0xf8;

const TWO_BIT_CHAR = 0xc0;
const THREE_BIT_CHAR = 0xe0;
const FOUR_BIT_CHAR = 0xf0;
const CONTINUING_CHAR = 0x80;

/**
 * Determines if the passed in bytes are valid utf8
 * @param bytes - An array of 8-bit bytes. Must be indexable and have length property
 * @param start - The index to start validating
 * @param end - The index to end validating
 */
export function validateUtf8(
  bytes: { [index: number]: number },
  start: number,
  end: number
): boolean {
  let continuation = 0;

  for (let i = start; i < end; i += 1) {
    const byte = bytes[i];

    if (continuation) {
      if ((byte & FIRST_TWO_BITS) !== CONTINUING_CHAR) {
        return false;
      }
      continuation -= 1;
    } else if (byte & FIRST_BIT) {
      if ((byte & FIRST_THREE_BITS) === TWO_BIT_CHAR) {
        continuation = 1;
      } else if ((byte & FIRST_FOUR_BITS) === THREE_BIT_CHAR) {
        continuation = 2;
      } else if ((byte & FIRST_FIVE_BITS) === FOUR_BIT_CHAR) {
        continuation = 3;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
    }
  }

  return !continuation;
}