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README.md
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- The following corpora was excluded from MetaFida: dgt15_sl, classlawiki_sl, tweet_sl, janes_tweet, janes_forum, janes_news
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- Serbian Wikipedia was converted from Cyrillic to Latin
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## Evaluation
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The models were evaluated using [Slovene SuperGLUE](https://slobench.cjvt.si/leaderboard/view/3) collection of classification tasks on [SloBench](https://slobench.cjvt.si). Instruct version of the model was also evaluated on translation [from English to Slovene](https://slobench.cjvt.si/leaderboard/view/8) and [from Slovene to English](https://slobench.cjvt.si/leaderboard/view/7) Additionally, we evaluated our models on [Slovenian-LLM-Eval](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cjvt/slovenian-llm-eval).
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Code for evaluation:
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- [SloBench tasks](https://github.com/SloLama/slobench_evaluation)
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- [Slovenian-LLM-Eval](https://github.com/SloLama/slovenian-llm-eval)
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Comparison between GaMS models, base Gemma 2 models and SlovenianGPT (open source model for Slovene based on Mistral 7B) is shown in the figure below. All models were evaluated in 0-shot scenario.
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GaMS 2B, 9B and 27B models were evaluated in 3-shot scenario, except for MultiRC and translation tasks, where 0-shot was used. GaMS-9B-Instruct was evaluated in 0-shot scenarion on all tasks. We used guided decoding to ensure the correct format of the responses.
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| Rank | Title | Average | BoolQ Accuracy | CB Accuracy | CB F1 Score | CB Average | COPA Accuracy | MultiRC EM | MultiRC F1a Score | MultiRC Average | RTE Accuracy | WSC Accuracy |
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|------|------------------------|---------|---------------|-------------|-------------|------------|--------------|------------|----------------|----------------|-------------|-------------|
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| 15 | GaMS-1B-Chat | 0.4570 | 0.8000 | 0.4880 | 0.3023 | 0.3951 | 0.4840 | 0.1081 | 0.2428 | 0.1755 | 0.5172 | 0.3692 |
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| Rank | Title | BERT score | BLEU (avg) | METEOR (avg) | CHRF (avg) | BLEU (corpus) | CHRF (corpus) |
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|------|---------------------------------|------------|------------|--------------|------------|---------------|---------------|
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| 9 | META LLAMA 3.1 405B | 0.8705 | 0.2637 | 0.5497 | 0.5930 | 0.3063 | 0.5930 |
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| 11 | RSDO-DS4-NMT 1.2 | 0.8698 | 0.2781 | 0.5602 | 0.5970 | 0.3177 | 0.5970 |
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| Rank | Title | BERT score | BLEU (avg) | METEOR (avg) | CHRF (avg) | BLEU (corpus) | CHRF (corpus) |
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|------|---------------------|------------|------------|--------------|------------|---------------|---------------|
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- The following corpora was excluded from MetaFida: dgt15_sl, classlawiki_sl, tweet_sl, janes_tweet, janes_forum, janes_news
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- Serbian Wikipedia was converted from Cyrillic to Latin
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## Training
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The model was continually pre-trained on the Booster partition of [Leonardo HPC](https://www.hpc.cineca.it/systems/hardware/leonardo/) using [NVIDIA NeMo 2.0 framework](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo). The model was trained in BF16-Mixed precision using tensor parallelism across 4 GPUs, sequence parallelism, and activation recomputation. The model was trained across 32 nodes, each containing 4 A100 64GB GPUs. The parallel alignment training took approximately 4 hours and second stage took approximately 40 hours.
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The model was trained using a cosine learning rate scheduler with linear warmup and the following hyperparameters.
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**Parallel alignment**:
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- warmup steps: 150
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- minimal learning rate: 5e-6
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- maximal learning rate: 2e-5
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- constant steps: 0
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- batch size: 512 (4 million tokens)
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**Second stage**:
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- warmup steps: 500
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- minimal learning rate: 5e-6
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- maximal learning rate: 5e-5
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- constant steps: 100
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- batch size: 512 (4 million tokens)
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## Evaluation
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The models were evaluated using [Slovene SuperGLUE](https://slobench.cjvt.si/leaderboard/view/3) collection of classification tasks on [SloBench](https://slobench.cjvt.si). Instruct version of the model was also evaluated on translation [from English to Slovene](https://slobench.cjvt.si/leaderboard/view/8) and [from Slovene to English](https://slobench.cjvt.si/leaderboard/view/7). Additionally, we evaluated our models on [Slovenian-LLM-Eval](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cjvt/slovenian-llm-eval).
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Code for evaluation:
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- [SloBench tasks](https://github.com/SloLama/slobench_evaluation)
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- [Slovenian-LLM-Eval](https://github.com/SloLama/slovenian-llm-eval)
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### Slovenian-LLM-Eval results
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Comparison between GaMS models, base Gemma 2 models and SlovenianGPT (open source model for Slovene based on Mistral 7B) is shown in the figure below. All models were evaluated in 0-shot scenario.
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### Slobench Results
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GaMS 2B, 9B and 27B models were evaluated in 3-shot scenario, except for MultiRC and translation tasks, where 0-shot was used. GaMS-9B-Instruct was evaluated in 0-shot scenarion on all tasks. We used guided decoding to ensure the correct format of the responses.
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#### Slovene SuperGLUE
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| Rank | Title | Average | BoolQ Accuracy | CB Accuracy | CB F1 Score | CB Average | COPA Accuracy | MultiRC EM | MultiRC F1a Score | MultiRC Average | RTE Accuracy | WSC Accuracy |
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|------|------------------------|---------|---------------|-------------|-------------|------------|--------------|------------|----------------|----------------|-------------|-------------|
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| 15 | GaMS-1B-Chat | 0.4570 | 0.8000 | 0.4880 | 0.3023 | 0.3951 | 0.4840 | 0.1081 | 0.2428 | 0.1755 | 0.5172 | 0.3692 |
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#### English to Slovene translation (first 11 models on the benchmark)
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| Rank | Title | BERT score | BLEU (avg) | METEOR (avg) | CHRF (avg) | BLEU (corpus) | CHRF (corpus) |
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|------|---------------------------------|------------|------------|--------------|------------|---------------|---------------|
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| 9 | META LLAMA 3.1 405B | 0.8705 | 0.2637 | 0.5497 | 0.5930 | 0.3063 | 0.5930 |
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| 11 | RSDO-DS4-NMT 1.2 | 0.8698 | 0.2781 | 0.5602 | 0.5970 | 0.3177 | 0.5970 |
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#### Slovene to English translation (first 10 models on the benchmark)
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| Rank | Title | BERT score | BLEU (avg) | METEOR (avg) | CHRF (avg) | BLEU (corpus) | CHRF (corpus) |
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