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  - computational-biophysics
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  - force-field
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  - tensornet
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- ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  - computational-biophysics
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  - force-field
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  - tensornet
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+ ---
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+ # AMARO: All Heavy-Atom Transferable Neural Network Potential
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+ This repository hosts the trained checkpoint for **AMARO v1.0**.
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+ All-atom molecular simulations provide detailed insight into macromolecular phenomena, but their computational cost limits the exploration of complex biological processes.
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+ **AMARO**, **Advanced Machine-learning Atomic Representation Omni-force-field**, is a neural network potential that combines the O(3)-equivariant message-passing architecture **TensorNet** with a coarse-graining map that excludes hydrogen atoms.
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+ AMARO demonstrates that coarse-grained neural network potentials can be trained without explicit prior-energy terms while retaining stable protein dynamics, scalability, and transferability.
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+ ## Representation
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+ AMARO uses a **no-hydrogen, no-water mapping**. Each retained bead corresponds to one protein heavy atom.
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+ For each retained heavy atom, the reference force is constructed as the sum of:
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+ 1. the force acting on the heavy atom; and
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+ 2. the forces acting on hydrogen atoms constrained to that heavy atom.
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+ This mapping reduces the number of degrees of freedom while retaining a detailed representation of protein geometry.
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+ ## Important: `z` Values Are AMARO Bead Types
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+ The checkpoint does not interpret `z` as conventional atomic numbers alone.
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+ Each bead is assigned one of **12 learned embedding types**, determined by:
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+ * the identity of the heavy atom; and
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+ * the number of hydrogen atoms aggregated to it.
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+ This representation distinguishes chemically different environments and electronic hybridizations that would otherwise share the same element.
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+ Inputs must therefore be prepared using the same AMARO mapping and bead-type assignment used during training. Passing ordinary atomic numbers without applying the AMARO remapping will produce invalid predictions.
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+ ## Model Inputs and Outputs
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+ ### Inputs
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+ * `z`: one-dimensional tensor containing AMARO bead-type, with shape `(N,)`
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+ * `pos`: Cartesian coordinates in Å, with shape `(N, 3)`
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+ * `batch`: optional system-assignment tensor with shape `(N,)`
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+ * `box`: optional periodic box vectors, where supported by the installed TorchMD-Net version
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+
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+ ### Outputs
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+ * `energy`: learned effective potential for each system
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+ * `forces`: negative gradient of the effective potential with respect to bead positions
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+ The model was trained against forces expressed in:
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+ ```text
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+ kcal mol⁻¹ Å⁻¹
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+ ```
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+ Because the model was trained using force labels without energy labels, its absolute energy reference is not physically calibrated.
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+ ## Citation
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+ Please cite the following publication when using this checkpoint:
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @article{mirarchi2024amaro,
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+ title = {AMARO: All Heavy-Atom Transferable Neural Network Potentials of Protein Thermodynamics},
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+ author = {Mirarchi, Antonio and Pel{\'a}ez, Ra{\'u}l P. and Simeon, Guillem and De Fabritiis, Gianni},
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+ journal = {Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation},
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+ volume = {20},
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+ number = {22},
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+ pages = {9871--9878},
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+ year = {2024},
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+ publisher = {ACS Publications}
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+ }
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+ ```