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---
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license: cc-by-4.0
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---
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license: cc-by-4.0
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metrics:
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- exact_match
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---
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---
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language:
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- en
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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tags:
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- text-to-sql
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- knowledge-distillation
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- struct-sql
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- qwen
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- generated_from_trainer
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base_model: Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507
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dataset:
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- bird-bench/bird
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arxiv: 2512.17053
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---
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# Struct-SQL-8B: Knowledge Distillation with Structured Chain-of-Thought
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**Struct-SQL** is a specialized Text-to-SQL model based on **Qwen3-4B-Instruct**. It was trained using a novel Knowledge Distillation (KD) framework that transfers **structured reasoning** (Query Execution Plans) from a state-of-the-art teacher LLM (GPT-4o) to a smaller student model.
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Unlike standard distillation methods that rely on unstructured Chain-of-Thought (CoT), Struct-SQL learns to generate a formal, logical blueprint (a query plan) before generating the final SQL. This approach significantly reduces syntactic errors and schema hallucinations.
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📄 **Paper:** [Knowledge Distillation with Structured Chain-of-Thought for Text-to-SQL](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17053)
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## Performance
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On the **BIRD mini-dev** benchmark, Struct-SQL achieves an **Execution Accuracy (EX) of 45.0%**, outperforming standard unstructured CoT distillation baselines by **8.1 points**.
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| Model | Distillation Method | Execution Accuracy (EX) |
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|:---|:---|:---|
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| **Struct-SQL (Ours)** | **Structured QP-CoT** | **45.0%** |
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| ReasonSQL Baseline | Unstructured CoT | 36.9% |
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| FN-Gold Baseline | No Reasoning (SQL Only) | 34.3% |
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| Base Student (Zero-shot) | None | 17.0% |
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## Methodology
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The model was trained on a curated dataset of **1,000 samples** generated by GPT-4o. The training data consists of:
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1. **Input:** Natural Language Question + Database Schema.
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2. **Output:** A structured **Query Execution Plan** (Reasoning) + Final **SQL Query**.
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By forcing the model to explicitly plan the query execution (e.g., "Scan Table", "Filter by...", "Join with..."), the model learns the logical structure of SQL generation rather than just memorizing patterns.
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## Usage
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You can use this model with the `transformers` library. It expects the input to be formatted with a specific system prompt or structure if you want to elicit the query plan.
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```python
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import torch
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
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model_id = "craterlabs/Struct-SQL"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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model_id,
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torch_dtype=torch.float16,
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device_map="auto"
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)
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inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=1200)
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print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
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# Citation
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### If you use this model or method in your research, please cite our paper:
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@article{thaker2025knowledge,
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title={Knowledge Distillation with Structured Chain-of-Thought for Text-to-SQL},
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author={Thaker, Khushboo and Bresler, Yony},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.17053},
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year={2025}
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}
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