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README.md
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| 1 |
+
---
|
| 2 |
+
language:
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| 3 |
+
- multilingual
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| 4 |
+
- af
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| 5 |
+
- sq
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| 6 |
+
- ar
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| 7 |
+
- an
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| 8 |
+
- hy
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| 9 |
+
- ast
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| 10 |
+
- az
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| 11 |
+
- ba
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| 12 |
+
- eu
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| 13 |
+
- bar
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| 14 |
+
- be
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| 15 |
+
- bn
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| 16 |
+
- inc
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| 17 |
+
- bs
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| 18 |
+
- br
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| 19 |
+
- bg
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| 20 |
+
- my
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| 21 |
+
- ca
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| 22 |
+
- ceb
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| 23 |
+
- ce
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| 24 |
+
- zh
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| 25 |
+
- cv
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| 26 |
+
- hr
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| 27 |
+
- cs
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| 28 |
+
- da
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| 29 |
+
- nl
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| 30 |
+
- en
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| 31 |
+
- et
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| 32 |
+
- fi
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| 33 |
+
- fr
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| 34 |
+
- gl
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| 35 |
+
- ka
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| 36 |
+
- de
|
| 37 |
+
- el
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| 38 |
+
- gu
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| 39 |
+
- ht
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| 40 |
+
- he
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| 41 |
+
- hi
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| 42 |
+
- hu
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| 43 |
+
- is
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| 44 |
+
- io
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| 45 |
+
- id
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| 46 |
+
- ga
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| 47 |
+
- it
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| 48 |
+
- ja
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| 49 |
+
- jv
|
| 50 |
+
- kn
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| 51 |
+
- kk
|
| 52 |
+
- ky
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| 53 |
+
- ko
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| 54 |
+
- la
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| 55 |
+
- lv
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| 56 |
+
- lt
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| 57 |
+
- roa
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| 58 |
+
- nds
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| 59 |
+
- lm
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| 60 |
+
- mk
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| 61 |
+
- mg
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| 62 |
+
- ms
|
| 63 |
+
- ml
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| 64 |
+
- mr
|
| 65 |
+
- mn
|
| 66 |
+
- min
|
| 67 |
+
- ne
|
| 68 |
+
- new
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| 69 |
+
- nb
|
| 70 |
+
- nn
|
| 71 |
+
- oc
|
| 72 |
+
- fa
|
| 73 |
+
- pms
|
| 74 |
+
- pl
|
| 75 |
+
- pt
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| 76 |
+
- pa
|
| 77 |
+
- ro
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| 78 |
+
- ru
|
| 79 |
+
- sco
|
| 80 |
+
- sr
|
| 81 |
+
- hr
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| 82 |
+
- scn
|
| 83 |
+
- sk
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| 84 |
+
- sl
|
| 85 |
+
- aze
|
| 86 |
+
- es
|
| 87 |
+
- su
|
| 88 |
+
- sw
|
| 89 |
+
- sv
|
| 90 |
+
- tl
|
| 91 |
+
- tg
|
| 92 |
+
- th
|
| 93 |
+
- ta
|
| 94 |
+
- tt
|
| 95 |
+
- te
|
| 96 |
+
- tr
|
| 97 |
+
- uk
|
| 98 |
+
- ud
|
| 99 |
+
- uz
|
| 100 |
+
- vi
|
| 101 |
+
- vo
|
| 102 |
+
- war
|
| 103 |
+
- cy
|
| 104 |
+
- fry
|
| 105 |
+
- pnb
|
| 106 |
+
- yo
|
| 107 |
+
tags:
|
| 108 |
+
- onnx
|
| 109 |
+
- awesome-align
|
| 110 |
+
- word-alignment
|
| 111 |
+
- bert
|
| 112 |
+
- int8
|
| 113 |
+
pipeline_tag: feature-extraction
|
| 114 |
+
license: apache-2.0
|
| 115 |
+
datasets:
|
| 116 |
+
- wikipedia
|
| 117 |
+
---
|
| 118 |
+
|
| 119 |
+
# Awesome-Align mBERT (ONNX INT8 Quantized)
|
| 120 |
+
|
| 121 |
+
This repository contains a **quantized INT8** version of **bert-base-multilingual-cased**, specifically optimized for word alignment using the **awesome-align** methodology.
|
| 122 |
+
|
| 123 |
+
### Model Details
|
| 124 |
+
|
| 125 |
+
* **Base Model:** `bert-base-multilingual-cased`
|
| 126 |
+
* **Truncation:** Truncated to the **first 8 layers** (the optimal "sweet spot" for word alignment).
|
| 127 |
+
* **Format:** ONNX INT8 (Quantized)
|
| 128 |
+
* **Size:** **~150 MB** (approx. 75% smaller than the FP32 version).
|
| 129 |
+
* **Optimization:** Quantized using `torchao` and `Optimum` with settings optimized for **ARM64/Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3)**.
|
| 130 |
+
|
| 131 |
+
### Performance (MacBook Air M1 Benchmark)
|
| 132 |
+
|
| 133 |
+
| Metric | FP32 | INT8 (This Model) |
|
| 134 |
+
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| 135 |
+
| **Average Latency** | ~65 ms / sentence | **~38 ms / sentence** |
|
| 136 |
+
| **Speedup** | 1x | **~1.7x Faster** |
|
| 137 |
+
| **Accuracy** | Baseline | Identical Links |
|
| 138 |
+
|
| 139 |
+
### Usage
|
| 140 |
+
|
| 141 |
+
This model is intended to be used with `onnxruntime` on CPU for maximum efficiency. Alignments are calculated using Cosine Similarity and Mutual Argmax (Intersection).
|
| 142 |
+
|
| 143 |
+
```python
|
| 144 |
+
import numpy as np
|
| 145 |
+
import onnxruntime as ort
|
| 146 |
+
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
|
| 147 |
+
|
| 148 |
+
# 1. Load Model and Tokenizer
|
| 149 |
+
# Point to your local download or the Hub ID
|
| 150 |
+
model_id = "cstr/awesome-align-onnx-int8"
|
| 151 |
+
session = ort.InferenceSession("model.onnx", providers=['CPUExecutionProvider'])
|
| 152 |
+
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
|
| 153 |
+
|
| 154 |
+
def get_word_embeddings(words):
|
| 155 |
+
# Tokenize with subword mapping (is_split_into_words is critical)
|
| 156 |
+
encoded = tokenizer(words, is_split_into_words=True, return_tensors="np")
|
| 157 |
+
|
| 158 |
+
# Track which subwords belong to which original word index
|
| 159 |
+
word_map = []
|
| 160 |
+
for i, w in enumerate(words):
|
| 161 |
+
sub_tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(w) or [tokenizer.unk_token]
|
| 162 |
+
word_map.extend([i] * len(sub_tokens))
|
| 163 |
+
|
| 164 |
+
# Run inference
|
| 165 |
+
outputs = session.run(None, {
|
| 166 |
+
"input_ids": encoded["input_ids"],
|
| 167 |
+
"attention_mask": encoded["attention_mask"]
|
| 168 |
+
})
|
| 169 |
+
|
| 170 |
+
# Slicing: [Batch 0, remove CLS/SEP, all hidden features]
|
| 171 |
+
embeddings = outputs[0][0, 1:-1, :]
|
| 172 |
+
return embeddings, word_map
|
| 173 |
+
|
| 174 |
+
def align(src_words, tgt_words):
|
| 175 |
+
# Get embeddings and maps
|
| 176 |
+
src_embeds, src_map = get_word_embeddings(src_words)
|
| 177 |
+
tgt_embeds, tgt_map = get_word_embeddings(tgt_words)
|
| 178 |
+
|
| 179 |
+
# Compute Cosine Similarity
|
| 180 |
+
src_norm = src_embeds / np.linalg.norm(src_embeds, axis=-1, keepdims=True)
|
| 181 |
+
tgt_norm = tgt_embeds / np.linalg.norm(tgt_embeds, axis=-1, keepdims=True)
|
| 182 |
+
similarity = np.dot(src_norm, tgt_norm.T)
|
| 183 |
+
|
| 184 |
+
# Mutual Argmax (Intersection) Logic for high precision
|
| 185 |
+
best_tgt_for_src = np.argmax(similarity, axis=1)
|
| 186 |
+
best_src_for_tgt = np.argmax(similarity, axis=0)
|
| 187 |
+
|
| 188 |
+
alignment = set()
|
| 189 |
+
for i, j in enumerate(best_tgt_for_src):
|
| 190 |
+
if best_src_for_tgt[j] == i:
|
| 191 |
+
alignment.add((src_map[i], tgt_map[j]))
|
| 192 |
+
|
| 193 |
+
return sorted(list(alignment))
|
| 194 |
+
|
| 195 |
+
# Example Usage
|
| 196 |
+
src = ["I", "will", "go", "to", "the", "hospital"]
|
| 197 |
+
tgt = ["Ich", "werde", "ins", "Krankenhaus", "gehen"]
|
| 198 |
+
links = align(src, tgt)
|
| 199 |
+
|
| 200 |
+
print(f"Alignment Links: {links}")
|
| 201 |
+
|
| 202 |
+
```
|
| 203 |
+
|
| 204 |
+
### Technical Notes
|
| 205 |
+
|
| 206 |
+
* **Subword Handling**: This model is based on mBERT; it uses WordPiece tokenization. The provided script maps these sub-tokens back to original word indices to ensure logical word-to-word alignments.
|
| 207 |
+
* **CPU Optimization**: The INT8 quantization uses **per-channel** asymmetric quantization, which is highly efficient for the ARM NEON instruction set on Apple Silicon.
|
| 208 |
+
* **Layer 8 Extraction**: Only the first 8 layers were exported to ONNX to reduce computational overhead and disk space without sacrificing alignment quality.
|
| 209 |
+
|
| 210 |
+
Original model card follows:
|
| 211 |
+
|
| 212 |
+
---
|
| 213 |
+
|
| 214 |
+
# BERT multilingual base model (cased)
|
| 215 |
+
|
| 216 |
+
Pretrained model on the top 104 languages with the largest Wikipedia using a masked language modeling (MLM) objective.
|
| 217 |
+
It was introduced in [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805) and first released in
|
| 218 |
+
[this repository](https://github.com/google-research/bert). This model is case sensitive: it makes a difference
|
| 219 |
+
between english and English.
|
| 220 |
+
|
| 221 |
+
Disclaimer: The team releasing BERT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by
|
| 222 |
+
the Hugging Face team.
|
| 223 |
+
|
| 224 |
+
## Model description
|
| 225 |
+
|
| 226 |
+
BERT is a transformers model pretrained on a large corpus of multilingual data in a self-supervised fashion. This means
|
| 227 |
+
it was pretrained on the raw texts only, with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it can use lots of
|
| 228 |
+
publicly available data) with an automatic process to generate inputs and labels from those texts. More precisely, it
|
| 229 |
+
was pretrained with two objectives:
|
| 230 |
+
|
| 231 |
+
- Masked language modeling (MLM): taking a sentence, the model randomly masks 15% of the words in the input then run
|
| 232 |
+
the entire masked sentence through the model and has to predict the masked words. This is different from traditional
|
| 233 |
+
recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that usually see the words one after the other, or from autoregressive models like
|
| 234 |
+
GPT which internally mask the future tokens. It allows the model to learn a bidirectional representation of the
|
| 235 |
+
sentence.
|
| 236 |
+
- Next sentence prediction (NSP): the models concatenates two masked sentences as inputs during pretraining. Sometimes
|
| 237 |
+
they correspond to sentences that were next to each other in the original text, sometimes not. The model then has to
|
| 238 |
+
predict if the two sentences were following each other or not.
|
| 239 |
+
|
| 240 |
+
This way, the model learns an inner representation of the languages in the training set that can then be used to
|
| 241 |
+
extract features useful for downstream tasks: if you have a dataset of labeled sentences for instance, you can train a
|
| 242 |
+
standard classifier using the features produced by the BERT model as inputs.
|
| 243 |
+
|
| 244 |
+
## Intended uses & limitations
|
| 245 |
+
|
| 246 |
+
You can use the raw model for either masked language modeling or next sentence prediction, but it's mostly intended to
|
| 247 |
+
be fine-tuned on a downstream task. See the [model hub](https://huggingface.co/models?filter=bert) to look for
|
| 248 |
+
fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you.
|
| 249 |
+
|
| 250 |
+
Note that this model is primarily aimed at being fine-tuned on tasks that use the whole sentence (potentially masked)
|
| 251 |
+
to make decisions, such as sequence classification, token classification or question answering. For tasks such as text
|
| 252 |
+
generation you should look at model like GPT2.
|
| 253 |
+
|
| 254 |
+
### How to use
|
| 255 |
+
|
| 256 |
+
You can use this model directly with a pipeline for masked language modeling:
|
| 257 |
+
|
| 258 |
+
```python
|
| 259 |
+
>>> from transformers import pipeline
|
| 260 |
+
>>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='bert-base-multilingual-cased')
|
| 261 |
+
>>> unmasker("Hello I'm a [MASK] model.")
|
| 262 |
+
|
| 263 |
+
[{'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a model model. [SEP]",
|
| 264 |
+
'score': 0.10182085633277893,
|
| 265 |
+
'token': 13192,
|
| 266 |
+
'token_str': 'model'},
|
| 267 |
+
{'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a world model. [SEP]",
|
| 268 |
+
'score': 0.052126359194517136,
|
| 269 |
+
'token': 11356,
|
| 270 |
+
'token_str': 'world'},
|
| 271 |
+
{'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a data model. [SEP]",
|
| 272 |
+
'score': 0.048930276185274124,
|
| 273 |
+
'token': 11165,
|
| 274 |
+
'token_str': 'data'},
|
| 275 |
+
{'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a flight model. [SEP]",
|
| 276 |
+
'score': 0.02036019042134285,
|
| 277 |
+
'token': 23578,
|
| 278 |
+
'token_str': 'flight'},
|
| 279 |
+
{'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a business model. [SEP]",
|
| 280 |
+
'score': 0.020079681649804115,
|
| 281 |
+
'token': 14155,
|
| 282 |
+
'token_str': 'business'}]
|
| 283 |
+
```
|
| 284 |
+
|
| 285 |
+
Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch:
|
| 286 |
+
|
| 287 |
+
```python
|
| 288 |
+
from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertModel
|
| 289 |
+
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-multilingual-cased')
|
| 290 |
+
model = BertModel.from_pretrained("bert-base-multilingual-cased")
|
| 291 |
+
text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
|
| 292 |
+
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
|
| 293 |
+
output = model(**encoded_input)
|
| 294 |
+
```
|
| 295 |
+
|
| 296 |
+
and in TensorFlow:
|
| 297 |
+
|
| 298 |
+
```python
|
| 299 |
+
from transformers import BertTokenizer, TFBertModel
|
| 300 |
+
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-multilingual-cased')
|
| 301 |
+
model = TFBertModel.from_pretrained("bert-base-multilingual-cased")
|
| 302 |
+
text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
|
| 303 |
+
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf')
|
| 304 |
+
output = model(encoded_input)
|
| 305 |
+
```
|
| 306 |
+
|
| 307 |
+
## Training data
|
| 308 |
+
|
| 309 |
+
The BERT model was pretrained on the 104 languages with the largest Wikipedias. You can find the complete list
|
| 310 |
+
[here](https://github.com/google-research/bert/blob/master/multilingual.md#list-of-languages).
|
| 311 |
+
|
| 312 |
+
## Training procedure
|
| 313 |
+
|
| 314 |
+
### Preprocessing
|
| 315 |
+
|
| 316 |
+
The texts are lowercased and tokenized using WordPiece and a shared vocabulary size of 110,000. The languages with a
|
| 317 |
+
larger Wikipedia are under-sampled and the ones with lower resources are oversampled. For languages like Chinese,
|
| 318 |
+
Japanese Kanji and Korean Hanja that don't have space, a CJK Unicode block is added around every character.
|
| 319 |
+
|
| 320 |
+
The inputs of the model are then of the form:
|
| 321 |
+
|
| 322 |
+
```
|
| 323 |
+
[CLS] Sentence A [SEP] Sentence B [SEP]
|
| 324 |
+
```
|
| 325 |
+
|
| 326 |
+
With probability 0.5, sentence A and sentence B correspond to two consecutive sentences in the original corpus and in
|
| 327 |
+
the other cases, it's another random sentence in the corpus. Note that what is considered a sentence here is a
|
| 328 |
+
consecutive span of text usually longer than a single sentence. The only constrain is that the result with the two
|
| 329 |
+
"sentences" has a combined length of less than 512 tokens.
|
| 330 |
+
|
| 331 |
+
The details of the masking procedure for each sentence are the following:
|
| 332 |
+
- 15% of the tokens are masked.
|
| 333 |
+
- In 80% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by `[MASK]`.
|
| 334 |
+
- In 10% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by a random token (different) from the one they replace.
|
| 335 |
+
- In the 10% remaining cases, the masked tokens are left as is.
|
| 336 |
+
|
| 337 |
+
|
| 338 |
+
### BibTeX entry and citation info
|
| 339 |
+
|
| 340 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 341 |
+
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1810-04805,
|
| 342 |
+
author = {Jacob Devlin and
|
| 343 |
+
Ming{-}Wei Chang and
|
| 344 |
+
Kenton Lee and
|
| 345 |
+
Kristina Toutanova},
|
| 346 |
+
title = {{BERT:} Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language
|
| 347 |
+
Understanding},
|
| 348 |
+
journal = {CoRR},
|
| 349 |
+
volume = {abs/1810.04805},
|
| 350 |
+
year = {2018},
|
| 351 |
+
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805},
|
| 352 |
+
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
|
| 353 |
+
eprint = {1810.04805},
|
| 354 |
+
timestamp = {Tue, 30 Oct 2018 20:39:56 +0100},
|
| 355 |
+
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1810-04805.bib},
|
| 356 |
+
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
|
| 357 |
+
}
|
| 358 |
+
```
|