gold medals at the London 2012 Games, will be the face of the Games.
He will be the

Athletics stars Mo Farah and Greg Rutherford have shared their tips for young athletes with Newsround.

Article: Chairman Gareth Davies has written to each of the Union's 320 member clubs.
"The changes we are making are part of our continued aim to modernise the way in which the game is governed in Wales," he said.
"We have created four new 'sub-boards' which will meet to discuss specific areas of governance, prior to full Board meetings."
Davies added: "All sporting bodies are being scrutinised closely on their governance structures and composition of their management boards, and, partly in response, but mainly as it is the right thing to do, we have recently reviewed our internal structures."
Four new sub-boards have been created to discuss specific aspects of governance prior to full board meetings, with the aim of streamlining the decision-making process in Welsh rugby.
Each sub-board will discuss their specific areas - Commercial, Financial, professional/performance and community game.
The Union says this means full board meetings will not need to be held as regularly and should be "less cumbersome."
The sub-boards, which can co-opt members, will meet every month, while the full WRU Board will now be scheduled to meet in its entirety four times a year instead of 12.

Summary: The Welsh Rugby Union has outlined a major structural overhaul in a bid to modernise the way the game is governed.
###
Article: UK researchers also found that insects in northern latitudes were more vulnerable than their southern-dwelling cousins.
The team added that many insects were unable to move great distances while they are juveniles. Therefore, they are at risk from a warming climate.
The findings have been published in the Journal of Evolutionary Biology.
"You get an extreme heat weather event that [the insect] cannot escape from because they are juveniles, so they can't move as much," explained co-author Rhonda Snook from the University of Sheffield, UK.
"They live through it because it does not kill them, but then they have the subsequent problem of reproducing."
Dr Snook said the insects in the team's experiments were exposed to a temperature increase of 5.5C (9.9F) for 10 days, which was enough to cause permanent damage to the insects' ability to reproduce.
She said the team was interested in studying the effect of temperature rises in organisms that were unable to move away from their immediate environment.
"Lots of insects in their juvenile stage can't move very far because they are larvae or because they are small nymphs - they are smaller and they do not have wings so they are not as mobile so they're stuck where they are."
Dr Snook told BBC News that the team carried out the experiments on fruit flies but she expected the results to be replicated in many other insects.
"I think that this is going to be a very common effect, a very common phenomenon across insects."
The team examined the effect of increased ambient temperature rise on two populations of fruit flies: one from Spain and another from Sweden.
"We showed that the one that evolved in a colder temperature (Swedish fruit flies) was less resistant to these extreme weather events than the southern (Spanish) population. That wasn't known before.
Dr Snook explained that the Spanish flies had evolved where the predominant selection pressure was likely to have been heat.
"If your predominant selection pressure in the north is cold then you're going to be selected to...

Summary: A warming world harms insects' ability to reproduce, which could have long-term consequences, scientists warn.
###
Article: Lewis Hamilton leads Mercedes team-mate Nico Rosberg by 17 points before the last race in Abu Dhabi on 23 November.
If Rosberg wins, Hamilton needs to finish second to take the title. Under the old system, sixth would be enough.
"Hopefully double points will not make a difference," said Wolff.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"It would put a big shadow over the championship if it was turned by a technical issue."
Hamilton has won 10 races this season to Rosberg's five, but Wolff said that did not mean the German would be an undeserving winner if he ended up triumphant because of double points.
"Whoever has most points at the end the season is the worthy champion," he said. "Even though if it really comes down to that situation, some of us might have a different feeling about it, it is what it is.
"Whoever wins the championship is going to have his name in the record books and that's it."
Double points were introduced this season at F1 commercial supremo Bernie Ecclestone's behest but the issue has been controversial all year.
Most drivers and team bosses have expressed their objection to the scheme and it has met vociferous opposition from fans.
Wolff said he would push for it to be dropped next season.
"Nobody likes the double points," he said. "We are going to discuss it next time around.
"I don't think Bernie likes it, so it is probably something we should be getting rid of for next season."
Hamilton is opposed to double points. He said after finishing second to Rosberg in Brazil on Sunday: "It's never happened in F1 before. It just so happens to be this season."
And he added that he agreed with the view expressed by Rosberg, who said: "I find it artificial and I don't like it in general.
"Of course, it's great for me at the moment, but you know that's just because of the situation.
"But there are other sports which have tried the same sort of thing, like Nascar, and they've done this very successfully.
"We need to keep on reviewing it. It's good to try something and we'll see how it goes this year."

Summary: There will be "a big shadow" over the F1 World Championship if the award of double points at the final race of the season decides the title, according to Mercedes team boss Toto Wolff.
###
Article: Conciliation service Acas confirmed discussions ended without the two sides reaching agreement and there are no plans to resume on Wednesday.
Southern's parent firm Govia Thameslink (GTR) said it had hoped to end the 10-month row over guards' roles on trains but were "saddened" talks had ended.
The RMT said the rail operator had blocked serious negotiations.
The bitter dispute centres on Southern's desire to turn guards into on-board supervisors. As such, they lose responsibility for opening and closing carriage doors, with that role falling to the drivers.
More on this story and other news from Sussex
RMT general secretary Mick Cash said: "It soon became clear that the only thing Southern were interested in was bulldozing through driver-only operation further and faster with safety and access to services not even on their agenda."
Describing the development as "dire news" for both staff and passengers who wanted a safe, reliable and accessible service, he said: "RMT's negotiating team is furious at the way this union and its members have been treated."
GTR's chief operating officer Nick Brown said: "The travelling public will find the union's obstinate refusal to engage in meaningful and constructive talks disappointing, disheartening and increasingly destructive."
He said conductors in the RMT transferred to the new on-board supervisor role at the beginning of last month, and the company had fully implemented its modernisation programme with the driver opening and closing the doors and a second person focused on customer service.
"Everyone is sick and tired of the RMT's strikes and their pointless and intransigent stance needs to stop," he added.
A statement issued by Acas said: "Conciliation talks have ended without the sides reaching agreement. Our services remain available."
Two unions - the RMT and Aslef - have been in dispute with the train operator.
Drivers' union Aslef reached a deal with Southern on 2 February. However, the RMT was not involved and called the agreement a "betrayal".
The Aslef deal...

Summary: Talks between the Rail Maritime and Transport Workers union (RMT) and Southern rail have broken down.
###
Article: Media playback is unsupported on your device
21 February 2015 Last updated at 13:18 GMT
Mo Farah was a big star of the London 2012 Olympic Games.
He started athletics aged 12 and went on to win two gold medals at London 2012.
Now he has his sights set on the next Olympic Games, Rio 2016.
He shared his tips for young athletes with Newsround.
Mo said: "Focus on yourself. You don't become a better athlete if you have one bad race."
"Keep working, listen to coach and believe in yourself," he added.

Summary:


A court has ruled that a meat company must pay £12,000 in costs after it was found guilty of breaking labelling laws.
Caerphilly Magistrates' Court heard the company, Douglas Willis Ltd, had a £7.1m turnover last year and supplied meat products to catering outlets.
The

A meat wholesaler has been fined £15,000 for having meat in its freezers which had passed its "use by" date, in some cases by several years.

Article: Officers targeted several addresses, "predominantly in the county of Conwy," police said.
Dyfed-Powys Police, the National Crime Agency and North Wales Police were all involved in the operation and armed officers assisted as a precaution.
The men were all arrested in Llandudno Junction and are in custody while investigations continue.

Summary: Five people have been arrested in a series of drug trafficking raids.
###
Article: Anglia Ruskin University, based in Chelmsford and Cambridge, will launch a masters degree in the subject in 2018.
Centre director Helen Marshall said the "current interest in alternative facts and George Orwell's 1984" made the subject "relevant".
It will also offer science fiction and fantasy modules for undergraduates.
The centre, which will be run within the university's English faculty, will officially open on Wednesday with 10 staff.
Dr Marshall said: "While these genres might be seen to look backwards to the distant past and forward to myriad potential futures.
"As Orwell himself says, 'He who controls the past controls the future.
"'He who controls the present controls the past'."
The centre has set up its own so-called "shadow jury" to critique the results of this year's for the Arthur C. Clarke Award, thought to be a first for a science fiction book prize
Judges will include the academic Dr Nick Hubble and author Nina Allan and they will each select their own shortlist from the award and nominate their favourite,
Dr Marshall said it was inspired by the shadow juries that have "worked wonders in enlivening the climate of debate around mainstream literary awards such as the Man Booker Prize".
She added it would "investigate issues surrounding the definitions of science fiction".

Summary: A centre dedicated to science fiction and fantasy - understood to be the first of its type in the UK - has been set up by a university.
###
Article: The provincial announcement comes amid fears that Toronto's red-hot real estate market is fuelled in part by foreign speculation.
British Columbia brought in a similar tax for Vancouver in 2016.
The new measure applies to non-Canadian citizens, non-permanent residents, and corporations buying residential properties containing up to six units.
Premier Kathleen Wynne announced the new speculation tax on Thursday as part of a series of measures to help stabilise the price for property and for rental units in and around Toronto.
She said the tax is aimed at "people looking only for a quick profit, not a place to call home".
The tax, which is effective immediately, is aimed at preventing foreign investors from driving up real estate costs.
It applies to property in the Greater Golden Horseshoe area - one of North America's fastest growing regions, comprised of the Greater Toronto Area and surrounding municipalities.
The average cost of a Toronto home jumped 33.2% over the past year, from an average of $688,000 (US$510,600/£398,000) in March of 2016 to $917,000 (US$680,000/£530,500) in March of 2017.
The average home price in Canada increased 8.2% over the same period.
Home ownership costs are at their highest level as a share of household income since 1990, according to RBC Economics.
Canada's central banker, Stephen Poloz, warned earlier this month that investor speculation is increasingly driving the cost of Toronto home prices.
The foreign buyer's tax in British Columbia appears to have helped bring that skyrocketing market under control.
Housing affordability has eased in metro Vancouver for the first time in over three years, says RBC Economics.
Sydney, Singapore, Switzerland, and Hong Kong have also introduced restrictions on foreign buyers.
Last October, the federal government closed a tax loophole used by foreign homebuyers and announced a more robust mortgage stress test on all new insured mortgages in an effort to cool the real estate markets in Toronto and Vancouver.

Summary: Canada's largest province is implementing a 15% foreign buyer's tax in Southern Ontario.
###
Article: The controversial idea was first aired in March 2015 by the then Chancellor George Osborne as part of his plan for "pension freedoms".
Despite deciding last December that the plan would go ahead next April, the government has now changed its mind.
The Association of British Insurers (ABI) said it was the "right decision".
The government admitted that too many pensioners might be lured into selling their annuities - an income for life - in exchange for a lump sum.
Acknowledging that most people would be best advised to stick with their current annuities, the Economic Secretary to the Treasury, Simon Kirby, said: "Allowing consumers to sell on their annuity income was always dependent on balancing the creation of an effective market with making sure consumers are properly protected.
"It has become clear that we cannot guarantee consumers will get good value for money in a market that is likely to be small and limited."
But the former pensions minister Ros Altmann said it was a missed opportunity.
Speaking to the BBC, she said: "It will be disappointing to tens of thousands of people who bought an annuity they didn't want, and didn't need."
Steve Webb, the pensions minister at the time of the so-called pension freedoms, said the issue had not been handled well by the government.
"There did need to be a lot of potential buyers for this market to work," he told the BBC.
"If you've got an annuity to sell, it's very hard to work out what it's worth if you're a member of the public."
Industry experts welcomed the move. Tom McPhail, of Hargreaves Lansdown, one of the UK's biggest annuity brokers, said the government's decision was right.
"After extensive research, at the beginning of September [we] announced that we would not be participating in the secondary annuity market."
"The risks to the vast majority of annuity holders outweigh the benefits for the small minority who could benefit," he pointed out.
The ABI agreed that the government was right to abandon the plan.
"The industry has consistently supported the...

Summary: The Treasury's decision to abandon plans to let pensioners raise money by selling their annuities has been welcomed by the pensions industry.
###
Article: Cwmbran-based Douglas Willis Ltd could not prove when the meat was frozen and admitted 12 offences of mislabelling.
Caerphilly Magistrates' Court heard the firm broke labelling laws by creating a risk that "hazardous" food could enter the food chain.
The case went ahead following a ruling from the Supreme Court.
The company, which supplies meat products to catering outlets, was told it had no case to answer in 2011 because it was judged that frozen meat did not pose a risk to public health.
But a clarification from the Supreme Court last summer ordered Thursday's retrial, ruling the prosecution did not have to prove the meat was a hazard - only that it was not labelled correctly.
Douglas Willis Ltd failed to record when meat was first frozen, and some was found to be several years past the "use by" date given to it when fresh, the court heard.
District Judge Richard Williams said the company was "not alleged to have acted intentionally, but it did".
The firm was fined a total of £15,000 for 12 offences and must pay £12,000 in costs.
The company, which has been in the Willis family for three generations, employs 41 people in Cwmbran, and had a £7.1m turnover last year.
In any similar cases in future where frozen meat has a use by date, trading standards officers will be able to prosecute regardless of whether the meat poses a safety risk.

Summary:

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As the Welsh government publishes plans to reintroduce Welsh taxes for the first time since the 13th century, BBC News looks at what life was like in Wales last time there was direct Welsh taxation.

Article: Bids have been submitted by Abellio, Arriva, KeolisAmey and MTR for the next Wales and Borders franchise.
Ken Skates said the zero-growth forecast on passenger numbers in the current contract with Arriva Trains had been a "huge failure".
The new franchise will be awarded in early 2018.
Transport and Economy Secretary Mr Skates was giving evidence to the Welsh Affairs Committee's inquiry into the franchise on Monday.
The AM for Clwyd South said lessons could be learnt from the current franchise, with passengers concerned about poor quality trains and a lack of capacity.
The Welsh Government is committed to paying Arriva Trains Wales (ATW) a subsidy of Â£170m a year under the terms of a 15-year deal signed in 2003.
He said talks between the Welsh Government and the Department for Transport had been constructive, but that historic under-funding needed to be addressed.
Iwan Prys Jones, of the North Wales Economic Ambition Board, told the committee it felt like the network was "a long way down the shopping list" for improvements.
Meanwhile, chair of the North Wales Business Council, Ashley Rogers, said investment could lead to the creation of 70,000 jobs.
The four bids are being assessed by Transport for Wales (TfW), a Welsh Government-owned company, as part of what ministers said would be an "ambitious and creative not-for-profit model".
The successful bidder will also be responsible for delivering a major upgrade to the rail network in and around Cardiff as part of the Metro scheme.

Summary: The deal to determine who runs train services in Wales is a "once in a generation opportunity" for passengers, the Welsh transport secretary has said.
###
Article: Brad Carver told the Washington Post voters "tired of left-wing extremism" will pick Republican Karen Handel.
Democrat Jon Ossoff and Ms Handel are running for a House seat vacated by US health secretary Tom Price.
Five people were injured last week when a gunman opened fire at a Republican baseball practice.
House Majority Whip Steve Scalise was among those hurt and remains in a critical condition.
The suspect, identified as James T Hodgkinson, allegedly opened fire on Republican lawmakers as they practised for an annual congressional charity baseball game.
It emerged that Mr Hodgkinson, who died of his injuries following a gunfight with police, was a volunteer for Senator Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign and promoted anti-Republican rhetoric on social media.
Mr Carver, the Republican Party chairman in Georgia's 11th Congressional District, told the Post "the shooting is going to win this election for us".
He went on: "Moderates and independents in this district are tired of left-wing extremism. I get that there's extremists on both sides, but we are not seeing them."
The much-anticipated election in the Atlanta suburban district between Ms Handel and Mr Ossoff is seen as a test of President Donald Trump popularity.
The showdown is also considered the most expensive US House of Representatives race in the nation's history.
Mr Carver praised Mr Ossoff for running a "brilliant campaign", but contended the baseball shooting would tip the outcome in Republican favour.
"We're seeing absolute resistance to everything this president does," he added.
"Moderates and independents out there want to give him a chance. Democrats have never given this president a chance."
His comments came as a Republican group released an advertisement attempting to link the congressional shooting to Mr Ossoff's Democratic campaign.
The television spot, produced by the Principled PAC, showed an image of Mr Scalise on a stretcher after the attack.
"The unhinged left is endorsing and applauding shooting Republicans," a narrator is...

Summary: A Georgia Republican official has said the shooting at a Virginia baseball field will lead to the party's victory in a state special election.
###
Article: "We could've put it in the [last-gen version] but we were too busy making the game," said Rob Nelson, Rockstar Games' animation director, in an interview with IGN.
"It's a very intense, in-your-face experienceâ€¦ literally."
GTA 5 arrives on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on 18 November.
Nelson said he wanted gamers to experience the world from a different perspective.
"You're eye-level, down with the people on the street, and as you walk past them, you see them sort of look at you out of the corner of their eye. All of this stuff existed in the game before - lots of little details."
It's something the team says it had tried to achieve before, but wasn't able to on the older generation of consoles.
"We were constantly fighting about what we could have and what we could still push in, and what other areas you could steal memory back from - audio, art, maps - for animation.
"We weren't sure the world would have held up the way we would've wanted it to."
But changing the game in to a first-person perspective required a lot of work, with Rockstar saying it had to adapt GTA 5 extensively.
"You have to change pretty much everything," said Nelson.
"I mean, if you want to do it right. We have a very solid third-person animation system, but you don't just put the camera down there and expect to see the guns, aim, and shoot.
"All those animations are new when you switch to first-person, because it all has to be animated to the camera, to make it feel like a proper first-person experience that I think people would expect. All the timings have to be re-evaluated."
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube

Summary: The makers of Grand Theft Auto 5 have confirmed the game will be getting a first-person perspective mode when it's released later this month.
###
Article: They say Andreas Lubitz modified the automatic pilot system several times to increase the speed of descent.
The information they recovered also confirms earlier findings that Lubitz deliberately crashed the plane.
All 150 people on board died.
The plane had been flying from Barcelona to Duesseldorf on 24 March.
The second flight recorder, recovered on Thursday, showed that "the pilot in the cockpit used the automatic pilot to put the plane on a descent towards an altitude of 100ft (30m)", the French BEA crash investigation agency said in a statement.
"Then several times the pilot modified the automatic pilot settings to increase the speed of the plane as it descended," it added.
Earlier findings from the cockpit voice recorder suggested Lubitz locked the pilot out of the cockpit.
On Thursday, German prosecutors said the co-pilot had researched suicide methods and the security of cockpit doors on the internet the week before the crash.
Germanwings also said it was unaware that Lubitz, 27, had experienced depression while he was training to be a pilot.
Lufthansa confirmed on Tuesday that it knew six years ago that the co-pilot had suffered from an episode of "severe depression'' before he finished his flight training.
``We didn't know this,'' said Vanessa Torres, a spokeswoman for Lufthansa subsidiary Germanwings, which hired Lubitz in September 2013.
The second "black box" recovered is the flight data recorder (FDR) which holds technical information on the time of radio transmissions and the plane's acceleration, airspeed, altitude and direction, plus the use of auto-pilot.
Marseille prosecutor Brice Robin said it was found near a ravine and was not discovered immediately because it was the same colour as the rocks.
He said 150 separate DNA profiles had been isolated from the crash site but he stressed that did not mean all the victims had been identified.
Mr Robin added that 40 mobile phones had been also been recovered and would be analysed in a laboratory, although were "heavily damaged".
The final...

Summary: Data from the second 'black box' flight recorder belonging to the Germanwings plane that crashed in the Alps suggests that the co-pilot deliberately accelerated its descent, French investigators say.
###
Article: Wales in the 13th Century was a mixture of regional powers. By the middle of the previous century, most of the lowland areas, particularly in south Wales, were under English control, in the form of Anglo-Norman barons from the Marches and across Glamorganshire to Pembroke.
Gwynedd and the north-west of Wales remained largely independent. Welsh princes acknowledged the ruler Llywelyn the Great and his successor Llywelyn ap Gruffudd as the overarching Prince of Wales. But as the century wore away, and Edward I of England came to power, the balance of power changed as Llywelyn refused to pay tribute to Edward.
In 1276 Edward I led an invasion into Gwynedd and forced Llywelyn into the very top corner of the country, and set about his castle-building programme. An uprising in 1282 led to renewed fighting, and saw the death of Llywelyn. By the following year it was over, and English domination over Wales was entrenched. Edward's son, the future Edward II, was created Prince of Wales.
At the start of the 1200s, Welsh was the language of the common people.
It was how people did business, conducted family life and worshipped. By the end of the century, daily business was increasingly done in English.
English settlers were encouraged to move to Wales by free land grants and the imposition of English law.
As the settlers moved into the more fruitful lowlands, Welsh speakers were increasingly pushed to the higher ground, although there was crossover between the two.
One of the main changes through the course of the 13th Century was the difference in the way people paid for things.
According to Dr Mark Redknap, head of collections and research in the history department at the Museum of Welsh Life, the old system of "render" was starting to change.
"It's fair to say that from about the end of the 13th Century the Welsh were more familiar with using money than they had been a century earlier," he said.
"You had an increasing use of coinage whereas there is very much a barter economy with the pre-Norman period, and payment...

Summary:


Boss Nigel Clough has admitted playing in England's second tier for the first time in Burton Albion's history is "daunting", but says they will embrace the challenge of being underdogs.

Article: The Global Destinations Cities Index revealed the city is expected to receive 18.7 million visitors in 2014, equating to about Â£11bn being spent.
London mayor Boris Johnson said the city perfectly combined history, heritage, arts and culture.
Bangkok was the second most popular city with 16.4 million visitors predicted for 2014.
Using information on the total number of international arrivals and spending from overnight visitors, Mastercard found that 67% of London's international visitors come from other European cities, although the city's top "feeder" was New York.
Paris, which was the third most popular city destination, also had New York as its biggest feeder city. The majority of its visitors, 53%, were from outside of Europe.
Marion King, President at MasterCard UK, said: "As London retains its top spot for both visitor spending and international visitors, there is a huge opportunity for retailers."
Mayor of London Boris Johnson said: "With nearly nineteen million visitors this year London is the world's favourite place to visit.
"Our city perfectly combines history, heritage, arts and culture, not to mention vast amounts of green space and major events that are the envy of the planet."
It is the third time in four years that London has topped the list, missing out to Bangkok last year.
However, this year London saw an 8% growth in visitors, while Bangkok saw an 11% decline, dropping from 18.5 million visitors to a predicted 16.4 million in 2014.
Earlier this year the Office for National Statistics (ONS) released data which showed that London had 16.8 million visitors in 2013 which was the highest recorded number of overseas visitors since records began in 1961.
At the time, Mayor of London Boris Johnson, said the capital's diversity and "outstanding mix of culture, art, music and sport" was key to its success.
The MasterCard index ranks cities on the number of their total international visitor arrivals and the cross-border spending by those visitors, incorporating visitor and passenger growth...

Summary: London has topped a list of the most popular global city destinations, according to a credit card company.
###
Article: It follows the publication of letters between the boss of Cluff Natural Resources and Scottish ministers.
They show that the day after a ban on unconventional oil and gas was announced, Cluff warned that plans to invest more than Â£250m were at risk.
WWF Scotland said plans to burn coal under the sea should be a non-starter.
No-one at Cluff Natural Resources was available for comment on the letters.
In the communications from January this year, Algy Cluff, the comany's founder, said he wanted assurances from ministers that the ban on unconventional oil and gas - often referred to as fracking - would not apply to underground coal gasification (UCG).
The UCG process attempt to reach reserves of coal which are inaccessible to mine, in this case under the waters of the Forth estuary.
It involves chemically converting the coal from a solid state into gas by pumping oxygen and steam through a small borehole into the coal seam.
Environmental campaigners have said UCG should be included in the fracking moratorium.
Mr Cluff's letter has been released following a freedom of information request from anti-fracking campaigners.
It has been published by The Ferret, an investigative journalism website, along with the reply sent by Alex Neil MSP, the Cabinet secretary responsible for planning.
In his response, Mr Neil gave Mr Cluff an assurance the moratorium was "specifically about the onshore exploration, appraisal, and production of coal bed methane and shale oil and gas."
He added: "The moratorium does not apply to the offshore underground gasification of coal."
Powers to licence onshore unconventional oil and gas developments are being devolved to the Scottish government. But UCG licences will continue to be issued by the Coal Authority.
A Scottish government spokeswoman said: "The development of new energy technologies, such as underground coal gasification, must be consistent with our environmental objectives and we will continue to take a careful, evidence-based approach to such developments."
Meanwhile, the SNP MP...

Summary: Environmentalists have accused the firm behind plans to use coal seams beneath the Forth to produce gas of "attempting to hold Scotland to ransom".
###
Article: Peter Humphrey and his wife Yu Ying Zeng, an American national, are charged with illegally obtaining private information, Xinhua news agency said.
The pair were arrested in August 2013.
Mr Humphrey's company, ChinaWhys, was hired by GlaxoSmithKline China, which is embroiled in controversy over alleged systematic bribery of doctors.
Prosecutors say the couple "illegally trafficked a huge amount of personal information on Chinese citizens" for profit, Xinhua reported.
They obtained this information by "secret photography, infiltration or tailing after someone", it said.
"Based on the information, the couple compiled so-called 'reports' and sold them at high prices to their clients, most of which are China-based multinational corporations, including GSK China," it said.
Local courts "will hold [a] hearing about the case soon", the agency added.
•December 2012 - Vivian Shi Wen dismissed from GSK
•January 2013 - Email sent to GSK boss alleging bribery, with sex tape featuring China chief Mark Reilly attached
•April 2013 - Peter Humphrey hired to investigate
•July 2013 - Police detain four GSK employees
•Mr Humphrey and his wife arrested for allegedly buying and selling personal information - no link made with GSK case
•May 2014 -  Chinese authorities accuse Mr Reilly of overseeing bribery network
•July 2014 - China says Peter Humphrey and wife will be tried in secret
In a statement earlier this month, GSK said that its China operation hired ChinaWhys in April 2013 "to conduct an investigation following a serious breach of privacy and security related to the company's China general manager".
This is understood to relate to a sex tape said to have shown the general manager, Mark Reilly, who said the footage was filmed without his knowledge or consent.
The video was sent to GSK's London-based CEO Andrew Witty with an email accusing Mr Reilly of being behind systematic corruption in the company's China operation.
GSK suspected a former senior staff member, Vivian Shi Wen, who was dismissed at the end of 2012, had sent...

Summary: Chinese prosecutors have formally filed charges against a British man and his wife linked to the GlaxoSmithKline bribery claims, state media say.
###
Article: The Advertising Standards Authority said 56% of complaints came from men compared with 41% of women, with the remainder not revealing their gender.
Men were more likely to complain about ads being misleading, at 64% of complaints.
Adverts being harmful or offensive compelled 59% of women's complaints.
Across the UK, people in England complained twice as much as those in Northern Ireland.
ASA chief executive Guy Parker said a single complaint was capable of stopping an irresponsible advert and helped gauge public feeling.
"I think there is more concern about gender stereotyping, body image, body shaming, depiction of characteristics that traditionally have been considered to be male or female now than there was 20 years ago," he told the BBC.
In 2015 the ASA handled 29,500 complaints and a record 4,584 adverts were changed or withdrawn.
A price comparison website advert featuring a man in high heels and hotpants, flaunting his bottom, was 2015's most complained-about advert.
It drew 1,513 complaints due to its "overtly sexual" content. But they were not upheld by the ASA.

Summary: Men complain about adverts more than women and people in Greater London and the South East are the most likely to raise their concerns, figures show.
###
Article: The Brewers - a non-league club until the 2009-10 season - finished second in League One this term to clinch promotion to the Championship.
Clough told BBC Radio Derby: "It is frightening, but exciting as well.
"We will be underdogs in every game we play and favourites for relegation."
Clough, who returned for a second spell in charge in December, first managed Burton in the sixth tier of English football in 1998.
He said the size of the club, and town, meant surviving against teams like Newcastle, Aston Villa and Nottingham Forest would be incredibly tough.
"We have to find people who will want to prove people wrong," the 50-year-old added.
"It will be daunting but we will have to use everything we have used in League One to play like the underdog and try to attract characters that will embrace the sort of season it will be here.
"To come from crowds of 500 or 600 around 17 years ago, and to grow that ten-fold is remarkable in itself. It's not the biggest town - maybe about 70,000.
"This is a much more local fanbase and that makes it nice as well. Fans will get to experience Championship football, something they never ever dreamed of."
You can hear a full interview with Burton Albion manager Nigel Clough by clicking this link.

Summary:


The Duke of Cambridge has completed his final shift as an RAF search and rescue pilot at Valley on Anglesey, according to BBC royal correspondent Peter Hunt.

Article: The allegations stem from an undercover report on the TV show Le Iene, in which an anonymous employee explained how tickets made their way onto such sites.
The MD of Live Nation Italy, Roberto De Luca, then admitted to the practice.
He said "a very limited number" of tickets were sold in this manner.
De Luca initially denied the reports but, when interviewed by journalist Matteo Viviani, retracted that statement.
"I want to be clear that, to your question if Live Nation issued tickets on secondary sites and I answered no… In fact we issue some tickets, a very limited number of tickets on other sites, in this case Viagogo.
"But I must make clear that Live Nation sells around two million tickets every year and the tickets that we issue on the secondary sites are equal to 0.20% of our tickets sales. We are not talking about tens of thousands of tickets, but hundreds of tickets for a concert."
The investigation was prompted by a Coldplay concert in Milan, where hundreds of tickets appeared on secondary sites within minutes of going on sale, often at inflated prices. The band were not implicated in the report, however.
Viviani stated that the show had tracked the journey of a ticket for a separate gig as its price increased from 50 euro (£43) to 1,050 euro (£911), using testimony from an employee of one of the companies and various documents, invoices and contracts obtained via an anonymous source.
Since the programme was broadcast last week, several Italian artists have cut ties with Live Nation.
Management firm Giamaica, which looks after one of Italy's most famous artists, Vasco Rossi, said it had "suspended all trading relations with Live Nation" and may consider legal action against the company.
Italian consumer organisation Codacons has also submitted a complaint to the public prosecutor of Milan against Live Nation Italy.
Politicians have also tabled an amendment to Italy's budget law, which would curb the activities of secondary ticketing websites.
Culture minister Dario Franceschini said in a statement...

Summary: Calls have been made for the secondary ticketing market to be curtailed in Italy, after concert promoters Live Nation admitted giving tickets directly to the resale website Viagogo.
###
Article: Gross domestic product expanded at an annualised rate of 4% in the April-to-June period, government data showed, beating expectations for a 2.5% rise.
The economy grew 1% compared to the previous quarter.
Japan is enjoying its longest economic expansion in a decade, buoyed by spending and investment.
The world's third-largest economy has been gaining strength thanks to rising exports, including smart phones and memory chips.
Investment tied to the Tokyo 2020 Olympics has also given Japan's economy a boost in recent months.
Strong domestic demand helped to offset a drop in exports during the second quarter of the year.
Is this a triumph for Abenomics? Well up to a point.  Certainly, the growth in consumer spending and business investment is welcome.   Nonetheless while six consecutive quarters of growth may be Japan's best run in a decade, it is not that impressive compared with other developed economies.
Abenomics is at best unfinished business.  At 0.4% inflation is still well below the Bank of Japan's 2% target.  And there is the demographic challenge, Japan's rapidly ageing population and declining workforce.
There are reform plans in the Abenomics agenda, intended to encourage more people to get in to the labour market. Japan needs that to work.
Japan has been trying to lift consumer spending, which accounts for more than a half of the country's GDP.
The latest figures could be a help to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe who pledged to reignite growth and spending through his Abenomics reforms.
Mr Abe has seen his popularity sink recently over a series of scandals including claims he exploited his political power to help a friend.
Falling prices
Japan has battled years of deflation, or falling prices, and slow growth following an equity and property market bubble in the early 1990s.
The Abenomics programme, a mix of monetary easing, government spending and structural reforms, was designed to reignite the once-booming economy and lift consumer prices.
Falling prices can discourage spending by consumers, who might...

Summary: Japan's economy grew at its fastest pace for more than two years in the second quarter as consumer spending and capital expenditure ramped up.
###
Article: Mutations in BRCA genes can give women up to an 80% chance of developing breast cancer.
A trial involving 1,034 Ashkenazi Jews, who are at high risk, suggested more than half of their cases were not being picked up under the current NHS guidelines.
The Eve Appeal charity said wider testing would save lives and money.
Mutations in BRCA genes stop DNA repairing itself and increase the risk of cancer developing.
As well as breast cancer, they are also linked to ovarian and prostate cancers.
Around one in 800 people carry a BRCA mutation. But in the Ashkenazi Jewish population the figure reaches one in 40.
The research team, based at University College London and the University of Manchester, compared the effectiveness of screening all Ashkenazi Jews with just screening those who were identified as being at risk because of their family history.
They showed that 56% of those carrying a mutation would not have had a test for BRCA based on family history alone.
The findings, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, show extra screening could save lives and money.
There are an estimated 114,400 Ashkenazi Jewish women in the UK.
A separate analysis showed screening all of them over the age of 30 would lead to "a reduction in ovarian cancer and breast cancer by 276 and 508 cases, respectively, at a discounted cost savings of Â£3.7m."
Prof Ian Jacobs, one of the researchers at the University of Manchester, said: "For the Ashkenazi Jewish community specifically, this suggests that population testing for BRCA1/2 mutations could save lives."
He told the BBC: "This can save lives and money, why wouldn't the NHS want to do something that could achieve both objectives.
"But the NHS does need to do its own proper evaluation."
The cost of this kind of screening, both for BRCA and other risk genes, is plummeting.
The NHS will eventually have to deal with questions about screening the whole population.
"No-one is suggesting we test the entire UK population for BRCA right now," Prof Ian Jacobs told the BBC.
He...

Summary: More people in high risk groups should have their DNA tested for breast cancer risk genes, a cancer charity says.
###
Article: The PSNI's Operation Reiner was set up last May to tackle the growing problem of hate crime in Northern Ireland.
In the period to the end of January 2015, 383 racially motivated offences were recorded across the city; in the same period the previous year, 268 offences were recorded.
A third of offences recorded last year in the city were in east Belfast.
The figures come as police in north Belfast continue to investigate what they described as a racially motivated hate crime.
A group of men attacked two houses and threatened residents at Mountcollyer Avenue in the Tiger's Bay area on Monday. A Polish woman living in one of the houses said she did not feel safe there.
ACC Chris Noble said racist hate crimes account for a small percentage of overall crime, but officers recognised there is a "significant impact on the victim which can also have implications for the wider community".
"A hate crime affects not only the victim but every member of the group that the victim represents," he said.
He said police were working with a range of groups to enhance victim support and encourage greater levels of reporting, "but policing can only be as successful as the information and support we receive from the wider community".
"There is a collective responsibility on everyone in Northern Ireland to make sure that people who choose to come to live and work here from different countries and cultures, who add value to Northern Irish society and economy, feel reassured and protected," he said.
"We need communities to give us information about who might be involved in racist hate crime to ensure that we investigate these crimes as thoroughly as possible."

Summary: Police in Belfast have recorded a 43% increase in racist hate crimes in the space of eight months.
###
Article: Prince William's last shift was thought to have been on Tuesday.
It has been reported he could return to his regiment in London, the Household Cavalry's Blues and Royals, which would allow him to carry out more royal engagements in support of The Queen.
The duke has said the island has been a "special place" for him.
His final shift brought to an end a three-year posting on Anglesey.
In a speech at Anglesey Show in August, the duke thanked the island's people for being so welcoming to him and his wife.
"I know that I speak for Catherine when I say that I have never in my life known somewhere as beautiful and as welcoming as Anglesey," said the duke.
"I know that both of us will miss it terribly when my search and rescue tour of duty comes to an end next month and we have to move elsewhere.
"From the bottom of my heart, thank you for making my wife and me so welcome when we arrived here, as you do thousands of visitors each year."
He said the island had been their first home together and would always be an "immensely special place for us both".
"Catherine and I look forward to returning again and again over the coming years with our family," he added.
The duke graduated as a search and rescue pilot in September 2010, having started his training at Valley the previous January.
He carried out his first rescue in October 2010 during his first full operational shift.
The BBC's royal correspondent Peter Hunt tweeted that Prince William's last shift at RAF Valley was on Tuesday.
He also tweeted that it was not yet in the public domain what the duke was going to do next.

Summary:


The US Open is set to be the first major tournament to be played on a synthetic surface.
The USGA has announced that the US Open will be played on a new surface at Shinnecock Hills in Southampton, New York, from August 31 to September 9.
The USGA said the new surface, which

Former world number one Tiger Woods says he is getting "professional help" to manage medication for pain and sleep loss as he tries to return to fitness.

Article: Six former employees at Leeds and Partners, set up to bring investment to the city, have lodged formal grievances against chief executive Lurene Joseph.
Unison said an inquiry should be held to investigate the management and leadership of the company.
Leeds and Partners said it could not comment while an investigation was taking place.
The statement of grievance accuses Ms Joseph, who has been in post since May 2012, of systematic and sustained bullying, victimisation and misuse of power.
Another nine former employees have written supportive statements.
Dean Harper, area organiser for Unison, said: "We would ask now the complaints have been received that the employer looks at commissioning an independent inquiry into the management and leadership of Leeds and Partners because they are of a serious nature these allegations."
Leeds City Council, the company's main funder, confirmed the grievance had been submitted.
A spokesman said the authority took all grievances very seriously and the matter would be dealt with through the proper procedures.

Summary: An independent inquiry should be held into claims of bullying against a company boss, a union has said.
###
Article: In his first public comments on the Ukrainian crisis, Mr Putin said on Tuesday that Moscow reserved the right to act to protect Russian citizens and speakers anywhere in Ukraine, but added that military action was "a last resort".
Ukrainian newspapers say that the threat of war has been averted, but warn that Russia may now attempt a plan of "creeping federalisation" to split the country.
Most of the major Russian dailies adopt a staunch pro-government stance, praising President Putin as a "man in control" who has clearly outlined his "negotiating positions" to the West and Ukraine.
Russian pundits dwell not so much on the messages relayed by Mr Putin but rather on the political and personal qualities that they feel he displayed during the news conference.
Izvestiya daily notes that the president was "calm and confident" and "clearly answered all questions" asked by journalists.
"By not going to war, Putin proved himself as a statesman, not just as a tactician," says an editorial in Vedomosti, adding that a crisis in relations with a neighbour "is a maturity test for every head of state".
Writing in Moskovskiy Komsomolets, Mikhail Rostovsky says that "having faced such a heavy flow of threats from almost all Western leaders" Mr Putin did not look like a "frightened politician" but behaved like it was "water off a duck's back".
"Vladimir Putin communicated indirectly with his G8 colleaguesâ€¦ and defined his negotiating positions," says the article.
"The president feels the master of the situation," exclaims Nikolai Petrov in Nezavisimaya Gazeta. He argues that Mr Putin's position is "strengthened by the fact that the new Ukrainian authorities are not in control of Eastern Ukraineâ€¦ and also by the fact that the West cannot quickly provide the money that Kiev desperately needs". That is why "with each passing day Kiev is pushed towards making concessions to Putin," concludes the pundit.
"Putin made his move. It's the turn of Ukraine and the West to respond," another political analyst, Igor Bunin, tells...

Summary: The press in both Russia and Ukraine interpret President Vladimir Putin's press conference as a new approach by the Kremlin in dealing with its neighbour.
###
Article: Egypt says its experts will be joined by teams from Russia and also the Republic of Ireland, where the Airbus 321 was registered.
It crashed over the Sinai peninsula, killing all 224 people on board.
Egypt dismissed as "propaganda" claims that militants linked to Islamic State (IS) brought down the aircraft.
President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi told the BBC that it was too early to say what had caused the crash.
The aircraft - flying from Sharm el-Sheikh to St Petersburg - is thought to have broken up in mid-air.
On Monday, Russia's Kogalymavia airline blamed "external influence" for the crash of its plane. But the head of Russia's aviation agency said such talk was premature and "not based on any proper facts".
Meanwhile, Russia's Interfax news agency on Tuesday quoted a source as saying the plane's cabin crew had not had any information about faults before the moment of crash.
"According to the recording of the conversations between the cabin crew and flight operations officers, the situation onboard four minutes before the aircraft disappeared from the radars was normal, the crew had regular conversations with flight operations officers," the source said.
"Nothing indicated any faults onboard. The crew did not report on them either," the source added.
Egypt's Civil Aviation Minister Hossam Kamal said the investigators would conclude their last field inspection at the crash site by the end of Tuesday and start working on the two flight recorders.
Mr Kamal was quoted by the Associated Press news agency as saying that it "will take some time" to produce the final report and that the joint investigative committee "has all the tools and experts to deal with the investigation".
The experts hope the examination of the recorded onboard conversations as well as flight data will help provide clues as to what caused the crash.
During the BBC interview, President Sisi warned against jumping to conclusions. "When there is propaganda that it crashed because of Isis [IS], this is one way to damage the stability and security of...

Summary: Investigators are due to start examining flight recorders retrieved from the wreckage of a Russian plane that crashed in Egypt on Saturday.
###
Article: The cover shows the Prophet holding a sign reading "I am Charlie", below the words "all is forgiven".
The magazine's lawyer Richard Malka told French radio earlier that it was important to show that staff would "cede nothing" to extremists.
Gunmen attacked the magazine's offices on Wednesday, killing 12 people.
Following the attack, the gunmen were heard shouting that they had "avenged the Prophet Muhammad".
The magazine was firebombed in 2011 after publishing Muhammad cartoons.
A total of 17 people were killed in three days of terror attacks in Paris last week.
The slogan "Je suis Charlie" or "I am Charlie" was widely used following Wednesday's attack on the magazine, as people sought to show their support.
Three million copies of Wednesday's edition are being printed. Normally only 60,000 are available each week.
Mr Malka told France Info radio: "We will not give in. The spirit of 'I am Charlie' means the right to blaspheme."
Survivors of the massacre have been working on the magazine from the offices of another French title, Liberation.
Five of Charlie Hebdo's top cartoonists were killed in the attack.
The new edition will be created "only by people from Charlie Hebdo", its financial director, Eric Portheault, told AFP news agency.
Contributions from other cartoonists were declined.

Summary: The cover of the latest edition of satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo has been published in French media, and depicts the Prophet Muhammad.
###
Article: Woods, 41, is recovering from a fourth back operation since April 2014.
The American 14-time major winner was breathalysed in Florida in May after being arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence.
He denied alcohol was involved and said it was down to "an unexpected reaction to prescribed medication".
In a statement released on social media, Woods said: "I'm currently receiving professional help to manage my medications and the ways that I deal with back pain and a sleep disorder.
"I want to thank everyone for the amazing outpouring of support and understanding, especially the fans and players on tour."
Woods has not won a tournament anywhere since 2013, while his title drought in major championships dates back to 2008.
Last December, he came back after 15 months out injured but has not played since his back problems recurred in February.
A month ago, he wrote that his latest surgery had relieved pain and that he had not "felt this good in years".
Four days later he was arrested on the driving charge, which he is due to answer in court in Palm Beach County on 9 August.

Summary:


A seal has been spotted on the north Norfolk coast.
Article: A seal has been spotted on the north Norfolk coast.
Summary: A seal has been spotted on the north Norfolk coast.
Article: A seal has been spotted on the north Norfolk coast.
Summary: A seal has been spotted on the north

More than 900 seal pups have been born on a north Norfolk nature reserve in the last three weeks giving experts hopes of another record breaking year.

Article: Colin Hough, of Shrewsbury, volunteered to spend time in the box, in a 24-hour Tesco supermarket, to raise money for children's charity Cauldwell Children.
He went into the box at midday on Thursday and came out at 14:00 BST on Saturday.
He said the toughest part had been the nights, with lights on in the shop and people shopping around him.
Former bus driver Mr Hough volunteered for the challenge after reading about the charity's Locked in for Autism campaign. The box in the supermarket measures 3m by 2m.
"The store staff have been so supportive, tapping on the glass to see if I'm okay," he said.
"I was a bit nervous going into it but I thought, it's for a really good cause, and it's actually opened up my eyes to what children with autism go through.
"One little girl gave me a card she had made, thanking me for what I'm doing, that made me feel very proud."
Mr Hough can be supported through his Just Giving page.

Summary: An 81-year-old man has completed a challenge to spend 50 hours locked inside a perspex box.
###
Article: Video assistant referees will review "match-changing" situations before informing the on-field official.
The referee will then be able to view footage for some decisions - something not permitted in previous trials.
Fifa's chief of technical development Marco van Basten said the move "represents a big step forward".
Video assistant referees have been able to assist officials during two international friendlies this year but the Club World Cup represents their first use in Fifa competition.
Previous usage has been in what Fifa call a "semi-live" scenario, where the referee was not able to review decisions on a pitchside monitor.
Under the live system, on-field referees will still make the final decision in the process but it is hoped video assistant referees will be able to correct clear mistakes in serious incidents.
"Ultimately, these tests should prove invaluable in terms of determining whether the processes are sound or whether any further refinements are needed," added Van Basten, a former Netherlands international striker.
"At the same time it's important to remember that we are entering somewhat unchartered territory here, given that we are going live for the first time."
Fifa intend conducting further live trials in several countries next year.
The Club World Cup, which features champion club sides from each of Fifa's six continental confederations, plus the domestic champions from the host nation, begins in Yokohama with Kashima Antlers taking on Auckland City. Europe's representatives Real Madrid play their first fixture on 15 December.
Barcelona won the 2015 tournament, beating Argentina's River Plate 3-0 in the final.

Summary: Referees will be able to use a pitch-side monitor for the first time to review decisions when the Club World Cup begins in Japan on Thursday.
###
Article: A member of the public had spotted the bird in Maryculter and took it to the Scottish SPCA rescue centre in Drumoak, where the name Decker was chosen.
Local bus operator First Aberdeen has now stepped in to sponsor the bird's care.
It has also presented the white cockerel with its own personalised bus pass.

Summary: A cockerel found at a bus stop in an Aberdeen suburb has been given its own pass.
###
Article: In the Royal Economic Society's annual lecture on Tuesday, Professor Rachel Griffith will argue corporate tax should be charged like VAT.
"A preferable way to tax corporate income would be to tax profits at the destination of sales", she will argue.
Ms Griffith is professor of economics at Manchester University.
"We currently try to tax corporate profits at the location where value is created, under international agreements formed in the 1980s.
"Implementation of this system is increasingly difficult in the presence of intangible and internationally mobile assets," she is expected to say.
The fact that a company's assets often didn't have a physical presence - such as patents, trademarks and brands - made it difficult to calculate what a firm should pay and where, she believes.
"The most valuable ideas are often those that can be combined with other ideas to create even greater value.
"Tying the value created in this way to a physical location - and thus to a tax jurisdiction - can be very difficult," an advance version of her speech said.
Prof Griffith's lecture comes a month after social networking giant Facebook revealed it paid £4,327 in corporation tax in the UK in 2014, less than the £5,392.80 in income tax and national insurance contributions someone on the average UK salary of £26,500 would pay.
Several multinational corporations are being investigated by the European Commission over the tax arrangements they have with EU member states.
Amazon, Fiat Chrysler, and Starbucks are among several companies subject to the investigation and the Commission has said it could widen its probe.
The investigation came after Starbucks was revealed to have paid £8.6m in UK corporation tax in the 14 years between 1998 and 2012, despite making more than £3bn of UK sales in the same period.

Summary: Multinational companies should pay tax on their profits based on where their products are sold, not where they are made, a professor is to suggest.
###
Article: Seal wardens on the National Trust (NT) reserve at Blakeney Point have recorded 180 more grey seal pups compared to this time last year.
Coastal ranger Ajay Tegala said the location is a "fantastic" breeding site as "human disturbance is minimal."
Mr Tegala predicts up to 1,800 pups could be born by the end of February.
"The seals like Blakeney Point as it has beaches and dunes which are safe and easy places to have a pup with no predators," he said.
Last year, 1,566 pups were counted during the four month breeding season at Blakeney Point, a split of shingle and sand jutting out into the North Sea.
Seals have been breeding on the site since about 2001, when just 25 were recorded.
Pup numbers reached over 1,000 for the first time during the 2012-13 breeding season, with newborns now increasing by about 25% year-on-year.
Blakeney has become well known for its seals with thousands of tourist taking boat trips to see the colonies each year.
Mr Tegala said: "We do a pup count twice a week and comparing this year to last year we're almost 200 ahead so it looks like the number will continue to increase and another record-breaking year is on the cards."
Source: BBC Nature
Visitors have been flocking to the north Norfolk coast to see the seals, prompting the NT to warn people to keep their distance and keep all dogs on leads.

Summary:


A new portrait of Mozart imagines the composer as a "daring" and "edgy" musician in the mould of Johnny Rotten.

Article: He takes over from Sam Allardyce who left in September after just 67 days in charge of the team.
When Allardyce left, Southgate stepped up from his role as the England Under-21s boss to look after the senior team for four games.
He oversaw two wins and two draws and has now signed a contract, reportedly for four years.
"I have thoroughly enjoyed working with the players over these past four games and I think there is huge potential," said Southgate.
During his career playing football Gareth Southgate made 57 appearances for England.

Summary: Gareth Southgate has been confirmed as the new manager for the England football team.
###
Article: In its filing, the company said it was seeking to raise $1bn (Â£589m). But that figure is seen just as an estimate to calculate various fees.
Analysts expect it to raise more than $15bn and top Facebook's share sale.
Alibaba did not disclose details of the number of shares it intends to sell or their price range.
It also did not reveal which US exchange - the Nasdaq or New York Stock Exchange - it is looking to list its shares on.
Founded 15 years ago by Jack Ma, the firm has been a dominant force in e-commerce in China and is now the biggest online retailer in the country.
While it has been a key player in the sector for many years, its filing gave investors the first glimpse at the firm's finances.
The firm generated revenues of 40.5bn yuan ($6.5bn; Â£3.8bn) in the nine months to the end of December 2013, making a net profit of $2.9bn.
The documents reveal that last year, the value of all merchandise sold on Alibaba's various platforms was $248bn, with more than 11.3 billion orders placed.
The total value of merchandise sold on its platforms last year was more than that sold on Amazon and eBay combined.
In a nod to the importance of smartphones, the firm said it was responsible for 72% of mobile commerce in China.
That is important as Alibaba has been locked in competition recently with rival Tencent - China's largest internet firm - to attract mobile shoppers.
Analysts said there was likely to be keen interest in the share sale as investors hope the firm will be able to replicate its success in China on a global scale.
"If it is able to transport that kind of power to outside China, it has the potential to become a true global e-commerce powerhouse," said Roger Entner, lead analyst and founder of Recon Analytics.
Among the major shareholders set to benefit from the listing are US technology giant Yahoo and Japan's Softbank.
Yahoo owns a 22.6% stake in the firm, while Softbank owns 34% of the company.
Yahoo had paid $1bn for a 40% stake in Alibaba in 2005.
It sold half of that stake back to Alibaba in May...

Summary: Chinese internet giant Alibaba has filed documents for a public share sale in the US, which is widely expected to be one of the biggest in history.
###
Article: The 1983 manifesto was written at a time of economic turmoil, mass unemployment and Cold War tensions and is arguably more ambitious in its scope. It is certainly framed in more forceful language.
"Within days of taking office, Labour will begin to implement an emergency programme of action, to bring about a complete change of direction for Britain," it says.
"Our priority will be to create jobs and give a new urgency to the struggle for peace. In many cases we will be able to act immediately."
They are very different documents in many ways, written to reflect the concerns of their respective times.
Jeremy Corbyn's draft manifesto uses a more measured tone, talking about "delivering a fairer, more prosperous society for the many, not just the few".
There is no mention of socialism, in contrast to the nine mentions it gets in 1983.
But at the 2017 manifesto's heart is the same commitment to using government intervention and public money to boost industrial development and create jobs.
In 1983, Labour leader Michael Foot had a five year "emergency programme" to rebuild industry and end mass unemployment. In 2017, Jeremy Corbyn proposes a "a ten-year national investment plan to upgrade Britain's economy".
Both manifestos propose higher taxes on the rich and a crack down on tax avoidance.
In 1983, Labour said: "We shall reform taxation so that the rich pay their full share and the tax burden on the lower paid is reduced."
In 2017, Labour says "only the highest 5% of earners will be asked to contribute more in tax to help fund our public services".
The 1983 manifesto goes further, proposing "a new annual tax on net personal wealth" to "ensure that the richest 100,000 of the population make a fair and proper contribution to tax revenue".
Both manifestos include plans for a National Investment Bank to boost industrial development and support research and development.
The 2017 version would allow the government to use public money to support long-term, higher-risk investment that the bank's are reluctant to...

Summary: Labour's draft general election manifesto has been compared by some with the party's 1983 manifesto - how do the two documents measure up?
###
Article: It found a steady rise in the proportion of overweight children in England in 1994-2003, but in the past decade it has remained at about 30%.
The King's College London researchers add obesity rates among 11- to 15-year-olds are still rising, however.
And Public Health England said there was no room for complacency.
Experts believe that being significantly overweight is responsible for a wide range of health problems such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers and infertility.
The number of obese people in the UK has more than trebled in the past 25 years.
Obesity levels among children have also been rising during this period. One in three children in the UK is now overweight, while one in five is obese.
But data from other sources had previously suggested that childhood obesity levels were now starting to plateau or even fall slightly.
This study, published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, used GPs' electronic health records in England to monitor trends over 20 years.
Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) measurements for more than 370,000 children from 1994 to 2013 were analysed.
The findings show that the rate of growth of overweight and obesity levels, which was 8% each year up to 2003, has slowed substantially in the past 10 years, to 0.4%.
Trends were similar for both boys and girls, but differed by age group.
Overweight and obesity levels among two- to five-year-olds stayed relatively stable at 25% for boys and 23% for girls between 2003 and 2013.
In six- to 10-year-old girls and boys, about 30% were overweight or obese during that time.
The highest figures were seen in 11- to 15-year-olds, where overweight and obesity levels ranged from about 26% in 1996 to 35% in 2003.
Among this group, overweight and obesity levels have continued to rise - to 37% - in the past decade.
The study defined overweight as equivalent to a BMI (body mass index) at or above the 85th centile and obesity as above the 95th centile.
Dr Cornelia van Jaarsveld, from the department of primary care and public...

Summary: The rise in childhood obesity, which has left one in three children overweight, may be beginning to level off in the under-10s, a study suggests.
###
Article: The oil painting was commissioned by Royal Northern Sinfonia, which wants to challenge the Austrian's "chocolate box" portrayal, ahead its new season.
"Somehow we've come to think of his music as pretty," said the orchestra's music director Lars Vogt.
"But that music is often dramatic and dark. Those qualities must have been there in the man."
The portrait was painted by renowned American artist Tim O'Brien, and will be projected onto buildings around the orchestra's home towns of Newcastle and Gateshead over the coming months.
Regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time, Mozart wrote more than 600 works, including some of the most celebrated and enduring pieces of classical music, before he died at the age of 35.
Only 14 images of the composer are known to have been created during his lifetime, but many are stylised or incomplete.
The best physical description came from baritone Luigi Bassi, for whom Mozart had written the role of Don Giovanni.
"Mr Mozart was an extremely eccentric and absent-minded young man, but not without a certain spirit of pride," he said. "He was very popular with the ladies, in spite of his small size; but he had a most unusual face, and he could cast a spell on any woman with his eyes."
Describing the existing portraits as "cosy and pretty", O'Brien explained the thinking behind his new painting.
"I know of few musicians of real depth where you can't see some of that complexity in the face.  So to find the Mozart who was obsessively driven, who pushed boundaries and who lived in a world where harsh poverty and crime were a very real facts, I looked at musicians from our own era to provide some inspiration.
"Photos of Johnny Cash and Eric Clapton suggested both obsession and some kind of danger. Johnny Rotten provided a certain precocious brilliance, and I related to those for Mozart."
O'Brien previously made headlines by creating a portrait of Beethoven for the cover of Gramophone magazine, which was inspired by U2 singer Bono.
The portrait accompanies the Northern...

Summary:


A lack of experienced staff contributed to a serious disturbance at a prison last year and remains a "concern", a report has said.

Article: The Bank has set out the parameters of this year's stress test, which include a collapse in economic growth in China and a sharp downturn in the eurozone.
The test imagines a sharp contraction in eurozone economic growth and Chinese expansion of just 1.7%.
China's economy expanded by 7.4% in 2014 - the slowest pace for 24 years.
Economic growth of just 1.7% would plunge Hong Kong into a deep recession that would cause house prices on the island to collapse by 40%, hitting UK lenders such as HSBC.
Bank and building societies will also have to prove they have the capital resources to withstand a 2% fall in economic output in the eurozone.
In addition the stress tests imagine a scenario in which the UK economy contracts by 2.3%.
Last year's tests, which were already considered stringent, focused on a 35% crash in UK house prices.
This year, the Bank of England has set the fall in house prices at 20% over a period of five years.
However, the 2014 stress tests were criticised for concentrating on the UK and seemingly ignored the fact that UK banks HSBC and Standard Chartered have significant investments in Asia and therefore significant exposure to economic fluctuations in the region.
Responding to those criticisms, Bank of England governor Mark Carney said: "By assessing the resilience of the UK banking system against a major external shock, we will improve further our ability to identify vulnerabilities and we will ensure that banks have plans in place to address a wider range of possible stresses."
To be clear, the Bank's five-year scenario does not mean it believes these events will happen.
This is what is called a "tail-risk" event. It could happen but the probability is exceedingly low.
But then again, no-one predicted the severity of the financial crisis.
And actually this scenario is not as bad as what actually happened in 2008, even though it is put in place to try to stop those calamitous events ever occurring again.
Banks might then be required to raise more capital to strengthened their balance...

Summary: The UK banking industry will have to prove it can endure a global economic slump in this year's Bank of England stress tests.
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Article: 7 January 2016 Last updated at 20:25 GMT
Many are comparing it to the podcast Serial. But is the picture they are presenting the full one?
Filmmakers Moira Demos and Laura Ricciardi spoke to BBC Newsnight's Evan Davis in their first UK TV interview.

Summary: Making A Murderer is a true crime documentary series on Netflix that's become a massive hit.
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Article: Mark Hambleton, who went back to metal detecting after advice from his late father, made the find with Joe Kania, on Staffordshire Moorlands farmland.
The three necklaces and bracelet are believed to be about 2,500 years old.
Their find was declared treasure at an inquest led by coroner Ian Smith, who joked it was likely to be "worth a bob or two".
Julia Farley, of the British Museum, described the discovery, called the Leekfrith Iron Age Torcs, as a "unique find of international importance".
For more on this and other Stoke and Staffordshire news
Dr Farley, the museum's curator of British and European Iron Age collections, said: "It dates to around 400-250 BC and is probably the earliest Iron Age gold work ever discovered in Britain.
"The torcs were probably worn by wealthy and powerful women, perhaps people from the Continent who had married into the local community.
"Piecing together how these objects came to be carefully buried in a Staffordshire field will give us an invaluable insight into life in Iron Age Britain."
The four torcs were found separately, about 1m apart, buried near the surface in Leekfrith last December.
The location is almost 50 miles away from where the Â£3m Anglo Saxon Staffordshire Hoard was discovered by a metal detector enthusiast in 2009.
The inquest heard the torcs' gold content was at least 80%, with each piece weighing between 230g (8oz) and 31g (1oz), prompting Mr Smith to say: "Even as scrap, that's still worth a bob or two."
A formal valuation will now take place at the British Museum.
To be declared treasure, an item must be more than 300 years old, or have a precious metal content greater than 10%.
"This must rank as one of the most exciting treasure finds I have ever dealt with - not quite in the same league as the Staffordshire Hoard, but nevertheless exciting," Mr Smith said.
Mr Hambleton said he was just about to give up for the day when his friend said he thought he had found something.
"He pulled this big torc out of his pocket, and dangled it in front of me," he...

Summary: Two friends have unearthed jewellery which could be the oldest Iron Age gold discovered in Britain.
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Article: The attempt to rebrand the Nazi emblem as a symbol of "peace" was criticised on social media as the public refused to support the campaign.
Days after the design appeared, it was replaced with an "anti-swastika" print.
The swastika is an ancient symbol said to have represented good fortune in almost every culture in the world.
It was adopted by Adolf Hitler, thousands of years after it was first used, transforming it into a symbol of hate associated with the Third Reich.
As a fashion symbol, it was likely to prove difficult to persuade the public to get behind this clothing company's vision in working to change these perceptions.
But does this latest backlash prove that there is a line that should not be crossed - even in the publicity hungry world marketing? Or does the fact that the campaign has made the news make it a success?
End of Twitter post  by @ADL_National
It is hard to tell.
In an interview with Dazed and Confused magazine published on Sunday, the company behind the campaign, KA Designs, said that they hoped to "share the beauty of this symbol detached from the hatred associated with it".
The company said that none of its staff had experience in the fashion industry and that the design was "nothing new".
It added that it "wouldn't care" if the products were purchased by "some kind of neo-Nazi" because the message was that "peace, love and freedom win over hatred, war and prejudice".
"The swastika is coming back, together with peace, together with love, together with respect, together with Freedom," the company said in a video posted on Facebook, adding: "Introducing the new swastika."
The eight-colour rainbow design, originally created in 1978 by the late San Francisco-based artist Gilbert Baker as a symbol for the gay community, is aimed at anyone who supports the LGBT movement.
However, incorporating this into a swastika design has been rejected by those it was supposed to appeal to.
Social media was abuzz on Monday with Twitter users labelling the campaign "obscene", "disgusting" and...

Summary: A US clothing company has come under fire after T-shirts appeared online featuring swastikas in a move aimed at reclaiming the symbol as one of "love".
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Article: Meanwhile, use of the drug Spice remains a "blight" within HMP Erlestoke leading to "frequent life-threatening emergencies".
The report comes a day after the Prison and Probation Service downgraded the Wiltshire prison's rating.
The Ministry of Justice said the prison had "addressed a number of concerns".
The Prison Officers' Association (POA) said management must "get a grip".
A disturbance at the Category C prison near Devizes last year saw 130 inmates transferred to nearby jails after two wings were put "out of commission".
The Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) said the "major incident" was not a riot but a shortage of officers "contributed to the incident".
Of the 88 prison officers now working at Erlestoke, 34 are new and have served less than one year.
"Lack of experience and confidence is a concern," the IMB said.
Elsewhere in the report it said the use of the drug Spice "continues to cause concern" and it "may be only a matter of time before there is a Spice-related death".
It added tobacco was being smuggled into the prison and sold for about 10 times the price paid in shops and is "an additional cause of debt, bullying and assault".
A separate report from the Prison and Probation Service downgraded Erlestoke's rating from '3' to '2', meaning its overall performance is of concern.
Mark Fairhurst from the POA insisted last year's incident was a riot, with "cell doors not fit for purpose".
He demanded management "get on the [prison] wings and manage".
"We need experienced staff to guide the new staff. It is a concern that nearly 50% of staff are very new and inexperienced," he said.
Erlestoke's IMB chair Sheila Kimmins said the prison was "reaping the consequences" of government funding decisions.
The Ministry of Justice said "while there remains progress to be made, HMP Erlestoke have addressed a number of concerns".

Summary:


A health watchdog has praised the improvements at a hospital that was once placed in special measures.

Article: Vehicle development had been on hold in recent months because of a shortage of cash, but new sponsorship deals mean engineers can now resume their work.
October 2017 will mark the 20th anniversary of the current land speed record - 763mph (1,228km/h), which was set by Thrust SSC in the US desert.
Bloodhound intends to raise this to 800mph, running in South Africa.
The new sponsors are not immediately being identified, but their support puts the British project on a solid financial footing.
"We now have the most vision of forward-funding that we've ever had," said components chief Conor La Grue.
"In the past, we've only ever really had funding to plan two to three months ahead.
"We're now in a position to go all the way through to taking the record."
Engineers that were let go during the hibernation are being brought back; outstanding components needed to fully finish the vehicle are being ordered.
The near-complete car was showcased at Canary Wharf in London last September.
Since then it has been sitting largely untouched at Bloodhound's technical HQ in Bristol.
Now, it will be stripped down from its initial "dry build" and then reassembled, with fluids, ready to go racing.
A key task is to complete the development of the vehicle's rocket system.
Bloodhound will be using a Eurofighter-Typhoon jet engine to get itself rolling and to reach speeds in the low hundreds (mph), but it will need a booster to take it through the sound barrier and on to 800mph.
The rocket itself is being sourced from the Nammo company in Norway, but it will use a Bloodhound-designed gearbox and pump driven by a Jaguar V8.
Testing of these elements all operating together will be conducted in the autumn.
The team intends to employ the rocket in a monopropellant configuration. This means no fuel grain is burned in the motor.
To produce thrust, concentrated hydrogen peroxide is merely pumped at pressure across a catalyst, where it decomposes into steam and oxygen. The hot gases are then directed out through a nozzle at high velocity.
It is...

Summary: The Bloodhound supersonic car project is back on, and now aims to break the land speed record in October 2017.
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Article: Regulator Ofgem says its plan will make it easier for new suppliers to enter the market, and will improve the transparency of the firms' accounts.
The firms, such as E.On and British Gas, will have to publish wholesale power prices two years in advance.
This will make it easier for small companies to buy energy and re-sell it to domestic and industrial customers.
Andrew Wright, chief executive of Ofgem, said that having changed the rules so consumers can find the best deals, the regulator now wanted to break down barriers to competition for new suppliers.
By John MoylanIndustry correspondent, BBC News
Ofgem is feeling the heat.
Its reforms announced today to help smaller suppliers compete and bring transparency to the firm's annual statements were not exactly universally welcomed.
Labour, which wants to axe Ofgem, said the regulator was tinkering around the edges instead of "stopping energy companies doing secret trades between the generation and retail parts of their businesses".
Which? said the moves would "only scratch the surface of the changes needed to bring competition to the market and to make it work for consumers".
Despite facing further scrutiny of their affairs, most of the big 6 appeared to welcome the moves publicly. Privately they are keen to keep a low profile, with the key competition review due to report within weeks.
But such was the criticism that within hours of announcing the moves, Ofgem released a statement accusing both the Labour Party and Which? of misunderstanding the barriers to competition that it had identified and was tackling.
In an unusual move it also questioned Labour's proposals to make the market more liquid.
"These reforms give independent suppliers, generators and new entrants to the market, both the visibility of prices, and [the] opportunities to trade, [that] they need to compete with the largest energy suppliers," he said.
"Almost two million customers are with independent suppliers, and we expect these reforms to help these suppliers and any new entrants to...

Summary: The "big six" energy firms are being told to trade with small energy suppliers fairly, or face heavy fines.
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Article: The Welsh-language broadcaster has published a document setting out its 10-year vision, ahead of an independent review of its role and remit.
S4C relies heavily on public funding, with £74.5m from the BBC licence fee a year and £6.8m from the UK government.
It said an additional £6m was necessary to enable its content to appear on all new platforms.
Chief executive Ian Jones said money was also needed for programmes to prevent it becoming a "second-class service", but he would not say how much was required.
He told BBC Wales that S4C had to follow audiences now viewing TV content on digital devices.
"We don't have a choice, we have to target those viewers on the platforms of their choice and the platforms they want to use,"  he said.
"And that costs. Therefore, we need sufficient finance to do that."
S4C says cuts to its funding by the UK government meant its budget fell by more than a third since 2010 and that an increased income and a broader remit would provide long-term security.
An independent review of S4C, commissioned by the UK government, is due to take place by the autumn.
Mr Jones said the channel's future depended on implementing significant changes.
"I don't think we've got a choice, we have to do this," he said.
"If we can't get sufficient finance to enable us to pursue this vision, there is only one place where we can find that finance and that is to cut the current programme budget."
S4C's 10-year vision, published in a document called Pushing the Boundaries, calls for its content to be available on all new platforms - and for its remit in law to be redefined from that of a television channel to become a public service media company.
The channel argues the changes would give it greater freedom to pursue new programme-making and commercial opportunities, while it currently works to a remit set out in 1982, when the channel came on air.
It also says it wants to create content that is "more relevant, competitive and diverse," and to increase the "economic, linguistic and educational benefits" of...

Summary: S4C has said it needs a major overhaul of its funding and its remit to avoid becoming a "second-class service".
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Article: Even where EU law is incorporated into the UK's legal framework there could still be problems, they warn.
The House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee also says farmers are facing significant threats including loss of income and tariffs on exports.
The government says it is committed to safeguarding and improving existing environmental protection.
Whether it is the cleanliness of the UK's beaches, pollution control or the protection of species, much of the UK's environmental and wildlife legislation is rooted in EU directives.
The government has said that it will introduce a "Great Repeal Bill" that will incorporate many of these regulations into UK law when Britain leaves the union.
However, Environment Secretary Andrea Leadsom admitted that about one third of the current environmental rules would be difficult to transpose into UK law, saying "there will be work to do to ensure we can continue to make these measures work once we leave the EU".
For instance, the EU's Birds and Habitats Directives have given much greater protection for wild birds and special areas of conservation than domestic UK legislation - but these will no longer apply in their current form in UK law even if Britain remains in the Single Market.
The cross party Environmental Audit Committee (EAC) says that to ensure that there is no weakening, a new environmental protection act should be passed during the Article 50 negotiations.
"European law protects huge amounts of the UK's environment, farming and countryside," Mary Creagh, chair of the committee, told BBC News.
"The process of leaving the EU presents a huge risk to all of those protections which is why in our report we're calling for a new environmental protection act so that when we leave the European Union we are no worse off protected than we are at the moment."
And it suggests incorporating EU law into the UK legal framework could result in these protections becoming so-called "zombie" laws, which are no longer updated and could be easily eroded with minimal parliamentary...

Summary: Brexit poses a huge risk to UK wildlife and habitats and a new environmental law will be needed, MPs have said.
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Article: The Care Quality Commission (CQC) has rated as "good" Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust.
It was placed in special measures in 2013 and the CQC's 2015 report said this should be lifted although it "required improvement" in some areas.
The trust's chief executive said she was "proud" of the rating following the August 2016 inspection.
The hospital was placed in special measures after an investigation into high mortality rates at hospitals in the wake of the Stafford Hospital scandal.
The chief inspector of hospitals, Sir Mike Richards, said "it should be acknowledged how far they have come in three years".
Sir Mike added: "It is clear the trust has worked hard to address the issues we raised, and I am pleased to be able to change its rating from 'requires improvement' to 'good'."
Sir Mike said the inspectors found a "number of areas of outstanding practice" including:
â€¢ A programme for supporting pregnant women with alcohol problems
â€¢ The radiology department's virtual post-mortem examination service where a CT scan could determine the cause of death
â€¢ The trust's direct access to electronic information about patients needing end-of-life care.
But the report also said the trust must ensure there were enough nurses to meet patient needs, medication fridges must be kept at the required temperature and at least one nurse each shift on the children's ward should be trained in advanced paediatric life support.
Trust chief executive Karen James said she was "immensely proud" of her staff, adding: "Our journey will never be complete, we will continue to improve the quality of services at the organisation."
BBC analysis has found, however, that its bed occupancy is 98% - 13% higher than the NHS's recommended safe level.

Summary: