Only a third of children in Wales have healthy teeth overall and this is lagging behind England, a major survey suggests.

Article: Just over 8% of adults - around 2.7m people - admitted taking an illegal drug during the last year, according to the Crime Survey for England and Wales.
This compares with 11.1% in 1996 and 12.3% at its peak in 2003/04.
But the report found 6% of young adults used nitrous oxide - or laughing gas - in the last year.
Both nitrous oxide and psychoactive drug salvia, which both feature in the survey for the first time, are legal substances.
Illicit drug-use has been largely in decline since 2003 and the figures for 2012/13 represent a 0.7% drop on the previous year.
The survey found the proportion of 16 to 59-year-olds who said they had taken a class A drug in the last year fell from 3% to 2.6% - although the level has remained broadly the same since records began.
Among young adults, aged 16 to 24, reported class A drug-use had almost halved since the first survey of its kind in 1996.
The decline was down to the falling popularity of ecstasy, magic mushrooms and LSD.
But reported levels of cocaine-use - the second most popular drug after cannabis - were higher than 17 years ago.
In 1996, the proportion of adults saying they used cocaine was 0.6%, but it was now more than three times higher at 1.9% - although this was down from its 3% peak five years ago.
According to the survey, young people were almost twice as likely to say they had used drugs than the adult population overall, with 16.3% of 16 to 24-year-olds taking them in the last year
Home Office minister Jeremy Browne said the results overall were "really positive news".
A spokesman added that, while legal, laughing gas should "not be experimented with" and that "any suggestion of abuse, particularly by young people, is of concern".
The annual Crime Survey for England and Wales is based on interviews with 21,000 adults.
It also found that almost four out of five people thought cannabis was either "very" or "a bit" unsafe.
And at 99%, almost all of those surveyed thought taking heroin was unsafe, while 97% said the same of taking cocaine or ecstasy.

Summary: The proportion of adults who say they use illegal drugs has fallen to its lowest level since records began, a Home Office study suggests.
###
Article: That's how its been since the App Store's inception seven years ago.
But soon Apple will for the first time lower its App Store commission on one condition: if an app can retain a subscriber for over a year, the revenue split will be 85/15.
The change will apply immediately to existing apps with users that are more than a year old - potentially providing an injection of extra revenue for many companies.
Spotify, for example, boasted of having 20 million subscribers this time last year.
For the sake of argument, if even just half of those subscribers are still paying members today, the change could potentially represent around $15m (£10.3m) in extra subscription revenue for Spotify every month, and that's probably a conservative estimate.
As well as price, Apple will introduce another significant change to App Store subscriptions. Until now, only apps in certain categories - media and entertainment content - could charge subscription fees. Soon, any app will be able to offer such an option.
This is widely seen as a way for Apple to encourage high-end productivity apps onto its mobile operating system, iOS.
"This could be the change that makes the market for professional-calibre iPad apps possible," wrote John Gruber, a technology writer and long-time Apple watcher.
"I think this is terrific news both for developers and users."
The danger, of course, is by opening up subscriptions to every type of app, Apple risks creating a frustrating environment that's irritating for users who were accustomed to the simple model of paid or free apps.
Then again, subscriptions are surely more likely to encourage quality compared to one-off payments - the challenge for developers shifts from being convincing people to pay once, to convincing them to keep paying, again and again.
Mr Gruber noted, however, that there was still some uncertainty about whether all apps could use the new business model.
The revenue split change is just one piece of Apple's plans for its store, which now has 1.5 million apps on offer - second only to...

Summary: If you sell an app, subscription or other product through the App Store, Apple gets 30% of the money.
###
Article: Nine banks, including Barclays and Goldman Sachs, may adopt the blockchain system that logs who spends which virtual coins in an ever-expanding computer equivalent of a ledger.
The banks want to use the blockchain method because it is hard to fool - making fraud more difficult.
It could also speed up trading systems and make deals more transparent.
The project to test blockchain-like technology is being led by financial technology firm R3 which has signed nine banks up to the initiative.
The other seven are JP Morgan, State Street, UBS, Royal Bank of Scotland, Credit Suisse, BBVA and Commonwealth Bank of Australia.
Technical meetings with the banks had prompted discussion of how it could be used within banks' trading arms, said David Rutter, head of R3 in an interview with Reuters.
For Bitcoin, the blockchain acts as a globally-distributed ledger that logs transactions. Everyone involved with the virtual currency contributes to the way the blockchain verifies each deal. The sheer number of people involved makes it very hard for one bitcoin user to get fraudulent deals verified and approved.
Despite this, Bitcoin has been hit by a series of scandals and thefts although most of these came about because hackers exploited weaknesses on exchanges where coins are traded or in digital wallets where they are held.
Mr Rutter said the banks were most interested in the technical architecture underpinning the blockchain that could be adapted for their own ends. The first place the blockchain was likely to find a role was as a log of who bought which stocks or shares, he said.
By adopting the technology banks could cut the cost of reporting transactions and working out who bought what and when, he added.
No timetable has been given for when technical trials of the blockchain-like technology might begin.

Summary: The basic technology underpinning the Bitcoin virtual currency could be used by some of the world's biggest banks.
###
Article: The baby was infected in the womb while the mother was travelling in Latin America, though state officials have not identified where.
The defect causes abnormally small heads and other developmental damage.
Florida Governor Rick Scott also announced four more people had contracted the Zika virus, bringing the state's total to 21 cases.
Harris County, where the baby was born, now has two reported cases of babies born with microcephaly.
The case is the first Zika-related death reported in Texas.
The Zika virus, frequently transmitted by mosquitoes, often causes no symptoms, but is particularly dangerous for pregnant women.
In a statement, the Texas Department of Health Services said there was no risk of locally contracted Zika in Texas. There are 97 cases of the virus in Texas.
The Florida Department of Health said officials believe the active transmissions are likely only taking place within the Wynwood neighbourhood in Miami-Dade County.
Governor Scott urged Congress and President Obama to take action.
"This is not only an issue affecting us here in Florida," the governor said in a statement. "This is a national issue."
Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton echoed the governor's plea while on the campaign trail, calling on congress to hold a special session to pass a Zika funding bill.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said nationwide there are 15 cases of Zika-related birth defects and six pregnancies losses associated with infection.
The baby's death comes a day after Florida health officials identified a man in West Palm Beach who had contracted the virus.
Florida is the only state in the US to have local cases of Zika.

Summary: A baby born in Texas with the Zika-linked birth defect microcephaly has died, health officials say.
###
Article: Afia, a Western lowland gorilla, was left fighting for her life after being born by emergency caesarean and had to be cared for by Bristol Zoo staff.
Her reintroduction to the gorillas began in October when Afia started bonding with her surrogate mother Romina.
Her birth mother Kera was too ill to look after Afia, the zoo said.
Lynsey Bugg, curator of mammals, said the zoo's ultimate aim was to reunite Alfie with her gorilla family.
"We all feel immensely proud and relieved to now see her where she belongs," she said.
When Afia was born the zoo said it was "touch-and-go" whether her birth mother Kera would survive.
Vet Rowena Killick said Kera was quite slow to recover from general anaesthesia and "it soon became clear she was still very unwell".
She said: "She was treated intensively for severe anaemia in the weeks that followed and finally completed all her treatment eight and a half months later. She was not well enough to care for Afia due to this illness."
Romina, one of the older females in the troupe, had been identified as the surrogate mother for the baby and training had taken place before the introduction so that she would return Afia to keepers for bottle feeding several times a day.
Afia will still require milk feeds from her keepers until she is about four years old although the zoo said it had tried to keep "human imprinting" to an absolute minimum.

Summary: A hand-reared baby gorilla which was born 10 months ago has moved in with a surrogate mother.
###
Article: Thousands of children have been examined every 10 years since 1973.
A third of children in Wales were said to have good oral health overall, which compares to 39% in England.
Decay was found in 52% of 12 year olds and 63% of 15 year olds, a slight improvement on the 2003 survey.
But around 70% of them reported problems with their teeth.
Decay was found in 41% of five-year-old children in their primary teeth and in 55% of eight-year-old pupils, according to the Health and Social Care Information Centre report.
Severe dental problems were worse among children from poorer backgrounds.
Around a half (47%) of five year olds could be said to have good oral health.
But that declined with age, to around a quarter of 15 year old children.
Other findings:
The last results in 2003 showed that oral health had improved greatly since the 1970s and 1980s.
This time, 12 and 15-year-olds were also asked to fill in a questionnaire on how they looked after their teeth.
In 2009 the Welsh government launched a national scheme to encourage better dental health amongst young children. Since then it has invested over Â£12m in the programme.
It also suggested the programme had led to a recent  6% drop in the proportion of five-year-olds experiencing dental decay.
Experts point out there could be several reason the health of children's teeth in Wales was still lagging behind those from other UK nations including socio-economic conditions.
That survey 10 years ago also showed a big drop in 15-year-olds with obvious decay from 94% in 1983 to 58%.
Scottish children are not included in the 2013 survey but Wales has better results than Northern Ireland, where 31% were judged to be in good oral health.
The Welsh Government said its own most recent monitoring survey showed a 6% drop in the proportion of five-year-olds with dental decay.
"However, there is more to do to improve the dental health of children in Wales especially since the vast majority of tooth decay is avoidable," said a spokesperson.
"Parents can help their children by...

Summary:


Australia is a step closer to exporting live cattle to China, opening a new market for its farmers.

Article: Following a month-long online poll, toy maker Hasbro said the feline design had beaten competition from a robot, helicopter, diamond ring and a guitar.
"I think there were a lot of cat lovers in the world that reached out," said Hasbro's Jonathan Berkowitz.
It is the first time fans have had a say on which of the eight tokens to keep and which to lose.
"Tokens are always a key part of the Monopoly game... and our fans are very passionate about their tokens, about which token they use while they play," Mr Berkowitz added.
The Scottie dog was the clear favourite with fans from more than 120 countries who took part in the contest to decide which token should be saved, eventually securing 29% of the vote.
While the shoe, wheelbarrow and iron were neck and neck in the final hours of voting, the iron ended up with just 8% of the vote and will now be retired from the game.
"While we're a bit sad to see the iron go, the cat token is a fantastic choice by the fans and we have no doubt it will become just as iconic as the original tokens," said Eric Nyman from Hasbro.
The iron was one of the original game tokens introduced by the Parker Brothers in 1935, when the appliance was an important part of domestic life. The Scottie dog and wheelbarrow were added in the early 1950s.
Previous tokens retired in the 1950s included a lantern, a purse and a rocking horse.
The new cat design received 31% of the total vote and will be added to the existing tokens which include a race car, thimble, top hat, and battleship.
Versions of Monopoly with the new token will come out later this year.

Summary: Fans of Monopoly have voted to replace the iron with a cat-shaped playing piece in the popular board game.
###
Article: The report, commissioned by TheCityUK, also said up to 75,000 jobs could go.
The sector is concerned at the prospect of a so-called "hard Brexit", with the UK leaving the EU single market in order to regain control of immigration.
On Sunday, the Prime Minister said "we are not leaving the EU only to give up control of immigration again".
Her comments helped to trigger a fall in the pound, which dropped to a 31-year low against the dollar on Tuesday.
Brexit: What are the options?
The report, which was written by management consultancy Oliver Wyman, modelled several possible outcomes for the UK financial services industry after Brexit.
In one scenario, it said the UK might retain access to the European Economic Area on similar terms, meaning it would be able to continue trading across the bloc without the need for individual country licences.
This would cause less disruption, it said, costing the industry up to 4,000 jobs and £2bn of revenues a  year.
However, another scenario would see the UK quit the bloc "without any regulatory equivalence".
This would cost the industry up to £20bn and 35,000 jobs, it said - although the "knock-on impact" on related business activities could cost a further £18bn and 40,000 jobs.
Hector Sants, head of Oliver Wyman and former chief executive of the Financial Services Authority, told the BBC's Today programme: "We are not taking a view on the outcome of the negotiations.
"What we have done here is to create a robust and independent database."
He said he hoped the research would create a dialogue between the City and government.
"We are confident that these are numbers that people can coalesce around and discuss."
But Kevin Dowd, an economics professor at Durham University and member of campaign group Economists for Brexit, called the report a "scare story".
"The idea we would be held back by leaving the single market makes no sense," he told the BBC.
"Most of our financial services business is actually outside the EU, and our share of business with the EU is declining...

Summary: The financial industry could lose £38bn if the UK quits the single market, a report commissioned by a group lobbying on behalf of the City has said.
###
Article: The force will take on 17 new PCs, 30 police community support officers (PCSOs) and four sergeants.
Funding for the recruitment, said to cost Â£8.1m over the next five years, will come from the force's reserves, Humberside Police and Crime Commissioner Keith Hunter said.
The new officers are expected to be appointed within six months
Two of the new sergeants, ten PCs and 20 PCSOs will be appointed to work across the East and West Marsh wards in Grimsby, the Bridlington South ward in East Yorkshire and the Scunthorpe Town ward.
The remaining officers will join the Hull city centre neighbourhood team.
Humberside Police currently employs 1,525 police officers and 228 PCSOs.
Chief Constable Justine Curran said: "We have done a lot of work to identify exactly where these officers are most needed, according to the demand across the whole force area, and the new officers will go directly to the neighbourhoods where they are most needed and where they will make the most difference."
Mr Hunter, who was appointed in May, said he believed the amount held in police reserves was "too high".
"My job is to help residents get the best police service possible and ensure taxpayers' money is spent wisely to do that," he said.
"This is the first step in that process and I will be carefully monitoring the effect these new officers and PCSOs will have, and look for other opportunities in the future to add further value."

Summary: Humberside Police is to recruit 51 new officers to tackle crime in five "high demand" areas.
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Article: Historic Scotland commissioned sonar surveys of the sea bed, which revealed new details on scuttled merchant ships from WWI and WWII.
It also showed a German submarine, and a trawler used to operate boom defences at the entrance to Scapa Flow.
The survey findings will help Historic Scotland to consider the case for a Historic Marine Protected Area.
This would improve protection for Scapa Flow's most important marine heritage sites under the Scottish Parliament's new marine legislation.
The research builds on earlier work from the ScapaMap project in 2001 and 2006, and Ministry of Defence studies of the wreck of battleship HMS Royal Oak.
Scapa Flow was used in both world wars as a main harbour for the British Navy.
The Naval battleship Royal Oak was torpedoed in 1939, resulting in the deaths of 833 people.
Wessex Archaeology carried out the survey over two days in partnership with Netsurvey, contractors for the Ministry of Defence.
Philip Robertson, Historic Scotland's deputy head of Scheduling and Marine said: "The surveys are adding significantly to our understanding of what remains of the famous history of the wartime naval base of Scapa Flow, and the defence of the naval anchorage.
"We hope the results will be of interest to the thousands of recreational divers who visit Scapa Flow every year, and that those who don't dive will also enjoy this insight into the heritage that survives beneath the waves."
Paul Baggaley, Wessex Archaeology's head of geophysics, said: "We hope this survey of 18 sites has helped bring new information to light, and that it will provide a useful basis for efforts to monitor the condition of the wrecks in Scapa Flow, and conserve them for future generations to enjoy."

Summary: A new sub-sea survey of Scapa Flow at Orkney has mapped 18 important historic wrecks.
###
Article: Ahead of the Housing Bill's second reading, Speaker John Bercow said parts of it "apply exclusively" to England and others to England and Wales only.
Under new rules, English and Welsh MPs have been given a veto in these areas.
The SNP has said the move makes Scottish MPs "second-class citizens".
Right-to-buy is being outlawed in Scotland and is not an issue the SNP would normally have voted on - but the SNP is furious about the move.
They have promised to act responsibly when deciding when to challenge the application of the new rules - but sources say they will create "mischief" when the opportunity arises.
The Housing Bill could provide their first opportunity - particularly if it is found to contain financial implications for Scotland.
It is the first bill that has been designated as containing proposals that affect only England and Wales under the new English votes for English laws standing orders.
During the bill's passage through Parliament, there will now be a new stage added to the usual law-making process at Westminster allowing MPs for English constituencies to vote on issues deemed to only affect England.
If the bill is approved at second reading, it will move on to detailed scrutiny by a committee made up only of MPs representing English constituencies. They will make changes and recommend others which will be considered later by all MPs at report stage.
After this, the bill will be scrutinised by a Grand Committee of English MPs which will be asked to give its consent to the relevant clauses. Those clauses which are rejected will be reconsidered by all MPs before being subject to English-only scrutiny again, at which point any disputed clauses will fall.
Any amendments later made by the House of Lords will be subject to "double majority" approval by all MPs and by English/Welsh MPs.
Plans to extend right-to-buy to housing association tenants, first announced by the Conservatives during the election campaign, were altered last month to make them voluntary rather than mandatory.
The government has...

Summary: Plans to give housing association tenants the right to buy their homes will become the first test of "English votes for English laws" when they are considered in the Commons later.
###
Article: Agriculture minister Barnaby Joyce said Australia had agreed to health protocols that would be finalised by his Chinese counterpart.
This comes after Indonesia slashed live cattle imports from Australia.
Mr Joyce said the trade in live cattle between Australia and China could be worth up to $A2bn ($1.5bn, Â£950m) each year.
Now that Australia had agreed on the health conditions, farmers could prepare to export cattle once China made the deal official, Mr Joyce said in a statement.
"I was very pleased today to sign the agreement of health conditions for trade of Australian feeder and slaughter cattle to Chinaâ€”now it's over to my counterpart, Minister Zhi Shuping, to sign on the dotted line and finalise the agreement between our two nations," Mr Joyce said.
"Over the past five years we've had a significant trade in breeder cattle with China, primarily for dairy heifers.
"Now, I'm pleased to announce we are a step closer to the commencement in trade in live slaughter and feeder cattle to China," he said.
Feeder cattle are those mature enough to be fattened in a feed lot before slaughter.
Earlier this month, Australian cattle producers were told Indonesia would only allow 50,000 head of cattle to be imported into the country between July and September, compared with an expected 200,000 permits for that quarter.
The Australian Livestock Exporters Council said that decision was both a surprise and a disappointment.
The Council's chief executive, Alison Penfold, said the deal with China was a "major breakthrough".
"Australia will be the first country to export feeder and slaughter cattle to China," Ms Penfold said in a statement.
In recent years, the live cattle industry has been rocked by a series of scandals about poor treatment of the animals in some of the countries Australia exports to.

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McDonald's in Japan is running out of chips.

Article: The symbol was originally used in the 1970s and 80s, an era which brought record-breaking success under Graham Taylor.
The club also secured promotion in 1980-81, finishing behind Southend United, with Colin Murphy in charge.
The new logo will appear on shirts from next season.
The club's nickname comes from a pair of imps which were said to have terrorised Lincoln Cathedral in the 14th Century.
General manager John Vickers said: "The return of a traditional imp to the shirts has a bit more of an identity with the club, and with the city as a whole."
"It has been a topic of discussion amongst supporters for some time," he added.
He added: "It is a new start for the club, and a chance for a new generation of supporters to embrace an element of our history."
The first known record of the club being referred to as The Imps was in the Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury, from an edition dated 2 February 1912.
The current branding, which has been in use since 2001, will continue to be used by the club's sport and education trust.

Summary: The traditional Red Imp logo is being brought back by Lincoln City Football Club as part of celebrations to mark the club's 130th anniversary.
###
Article: The voluntary rate of £7.85 an hour set by university researchers is 21% higher than the legal minimum wage of £6.50.
Wales TUC national officer Julie Cook said low pay was "blighting the lives" of hundreds of thousands of families.
Business organisation CBI Wales said living wages were a useful guide but many firms could not afford to pay more than the minimum wage.
The UK government said it supported firms who paid the living wage "only when it is affordable and not at the expense of jobs".
Around 261,000 workers in Wales are thought to earn less than the living wage, according to the latest annual report on the matter by KPMG.
Across the UK 22% of workers are said to earn less than the living wage, with Northern Ireland worst off with 27%.
The voluntary rate has been adopted by more than 1,000 employers across the UK, benefiting 35,000 workers.
Ms Cook called for people to be given "a fair day's pay for an honest day's work", saying it would help boost the economy.
She said: "It is now time for all responsible employers to commit to adopting this standard, which enables workers to earn just enough to be able to live a decent life."
The UK living wage is calculated by the Centre for Research in Social Policy at Loughborough University, while a higher rate for London is calculated by the Greater London Authority.
CBI Wales Director Emma Watkins said living wages could be a "useful guide" but stressed that the national minimum wage enjoyed "strong support" from the business community.
She added: "Rather than requiring firms to introduce pay rises that many cannot afford, we must look at ways to raise living standards sustainably."
A spokesperson for the UK Department for Business, Industry and Skills said:  "We support businesses that choose to pay the Living Wage, however only when it is affordable and not at the expense of jobs."

Summary: One in four Welsh workers earns less than the UK "living wage" calculated to cover the basic costs of living.
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Article: The chancellor blamed the slowdown on a "dangerous cocktail" of global risks and said the UK had to "act now so we don't have to pay later".
He announced an extra £3.5bn in spending cuts - and sparked controversy by warning of the risks of EU exit.
But Labour contrasted a lowering of corporation tax with cuts to disability payments.
Key Budget announcements include:
The £530m raised by a tax on the sugar content of soft drinks - the equivalent of about 18-24p per litre, the government says - will be spent on primary school sports in England, with the devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland free to decide how to spend their share.
Mr Osborne's sugar tax announcement sparked a big fall in the share price of soft drinks makers but it was welcomed by TV chef Jamie Oliver, who has been campaigning for such a move.
The tax will be levied on the volume of the sugar-sweetened drinks companies produce or import.
The Office for Budget Responsibility says it could result in a "pretty substantial price rise" on products - as much as 80% on, for example, a two-litre bottle of own-brand cola.
There will be two bands - one for total sugar content above 5 grams per 100 millilitres; a second, higher band for the most sugary drinks with more than 8 grams per 100 millilitres, with the levels yet to be set.
35g
The amount of sugar in a 330ml can of Coca-Cola (7 teaspoons)
30g
The recommended max. intake of sugar per day for those aged 11+
£520m The amount George Osborne expects the sugar tax to raise
Examples of drinks which would currently fall under the higher rate of the sugar tax include full-strength Coca-Cola and Pepsi, Lucozade Energy and Irn-Bru, the Treasury said. The lower rate would catch drinks such as Dr Pepper, Fanta, Sprite, Schweppes Indian tonic water and alcohol-free shandy.
BBC health editor Hugh Pym said the tax had come as "a bolt from the blue" - particularly as Downing Street had opposed the idea last autumn. It was attacked at the time by some Conservative MPs as...

Summary: George Osborne has unveiled a tax on sugary drinks in a wide ranging Budget dominated by gloomier growth forecasts.
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Article: Owners of the vehicles will have free use of multi-storey car parks after registering with the council.
They will also be added to the permit scheme for street level council car parks.
The scheme, which goes live on 5 December, includes non-recharging parking bays.
The council said hybrid electric vehicles, which are not eligible for the scheme, will still be able to plug in and recharge for free when parked at a designated charging bay.
Dundee City Council's city development convener, Will Dawson, said: "Free parking in Dundee can now be added to the growing list of environmental and social benefits of owning an electric vehicle in the city and I'm sure the scheme will prove popular.
"The funding for this initiative will be covered through the Smarter Choices Smarter Places programme."
Once signed up, the car's registration number will be put into the Automatic Number Plate Recognition system to enable the barrier to lift on arrival and departure.
UK Transport Minister John Hayes said: "More drivers than ever are choosing electric vehicles - which are cleaner, greener and cheaper to run and Dundee City Council's electric vehicle free parking scheme is an innovative way of rewarding motorists who have switched to electric vehicles."

Summary: Drivers of pure electric vehicles in Dundee will be given free parking at all city council car parks, the local authority has confirmed.
###
Article: Elsewhere in Iraq, though, the jihadist group still controls a number of towns.
IS designates Tal Afar as part of its self-titled "Jazeera Province", which encompasses areas to the west of Mosul, near the Syrian border.
Tal Afar was a hub for Sunni Muslim militancy long before the group's arrival. Its Shia population, including a large number of ethnic Turkmen, suffered attacks that gave rise to inter-communal tensions and provided ripe conditions for an effortless IS takeover in 2014.
In addition, Tal Afar's strategic location near the Syrian border was ideal for the movement of IS militants and weapons, and this soon led to it becoming one of the group's headquarters in Iraq.
For months now the town has been surrounded by the Shia-dominated paramilitary Popular Mobilisation forces, who are awaiting orders to advance.
In the western province of Anbar, IS still fully controls three towns - al-Qaim, Rawa and Ana.
Along with the town of Albu Kamal in eastern Syria, these areas make up IS's self-styled, cross-border "Euphrates Province".
The name derives from the River Euphrates, which flows through the two countries.
The province has great strategic importance to IS as the group uses routes through it to transfer fighters, weapons and goods between Iraq and Syria.
It is also a symbol of the jihadists' intention to eradicate all the region's frontiers and lay to rest the 1916 Sykes-Picot agreement - something many Arabs resent.
Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi has vowed to retake Rawa, Ana and al-Qaim in the next phase of military operations against IS.
IS captured the district of Hawija, south-west of oil-rich city of Kirkuk, in June 2014.
The large district includes the towns of Hawija, Riyad, Rashad, Zab and Abbasi - all of which IS still holds and considers part of "Kirkuk Province".
The jihadist group has also laid siege to an estimated 150,000 civilians in the area, many of whom suffer from shortages of food and medicine.
Hawija came under the spotlight in April 2014, when Iraqi forces raided an...

Summary: With Iraqi forces close to retaking full control of the city of Mosul, so-called Islamic State (IS) is about to lose its last - and largest - urban bastion in Iraq.
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Article: The fast food company says it can't get hold of enough potatoes because of industrial action in America.
As a result they're having to ration French fries for customers.
"Unfortunately without this sales restriction step, we would run the danger of running out of fries at some of our stores around the end of the year," said McDonald's Japan spokeswoman Kokoro Toyama.
There are more than 3,100 McDonald's outlets in Japan.
For now they will only serve small portions of fries, though they won't restrict how many portions customers can order.
More than 1,000 tonnes of potatoes have already been flown in to try to boost supplies. They started arriving this week.
A further 1,600 tonnes will be imported by sea but they won't arrive until January.
The industrial dispute in America is between 20,000 dockworkers and terminal operators and shipping lines at 29 ports on the west coast of the United States.
This isn't the first time that Japan's been hit by a food shortage in recent weeks.
For most of this month supplies of butter have been so low that supermarkets have had to limit customers to one pack each.
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube

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The 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta has been celebrated in Lincoln with a delivery of a facsimile of the parchment to Lincoln Castle.

Article: James Hipwell, who was jailed in 2006 for writing about firms whose shares he owned, said he witnessed repeated privacy infringements at the paper.
He told the Leveson Inquiry into media ethics that he overheard showbiz journalists openly talking about it.
Publisher Trinity Mirror has insisted its journalists work within the law.
It has also said they work within the Press Complaints Commission's (PCC) code of conduct.
Meanwhile, Heather Mills, the former wife of singer Sir Paul McCartney, has said in a statement that she never disclosed private voicemail messages from her ex-husband to former Daily Mirror editor Piers Morgan.
It comes after the former tabloid editor, now an interviewer for American broadcaster CNN, told the inquiry on Tuesday he had listened to a voicemail message left to her by Sir Paul.
Mr Morgan, who firmly denied any knowledge of hacking under his editorship, refused to say when or where he had heard the message - because he wanted to protect "a source". He said he had no reason to believe phone hacking was going on.
Ms Mills said she would be "more than happy" to answer any questions the inquiry had for her about the subject.
CNN said it was "seeking a response to the Mills statement from Morgan".
On Wednesday, Mr Hipwell told the inquiry he had never been given a copy of the code during his time at the paper, under Mr Morgan's editorship.
He said he never heard reference to the code, and said there were no visible signs of ethical leadership.
In a statement read to the inquiry, he stated: "I witnessed journalists carrying out repeated privacy infringements using what has now become a well-known technique - to hack into the voicemail systems of celebrities, their friends, publicists and public relations executives.
Follow Ross Hawkins on Twitter
"The openness and frequency of their hacking activities gave me the impression that hacking was considered a bog-standard journalistic tool for gathering information."
Mr Hipwell said he sat next to the showbiz team, where hacking took place...

Summary: Phone hacking appeared to be a "bog-standard journalistic tool" for gathering information, a former Daily Mirror financial reporter has said.
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Article: Wildlife enthusiast Lucy Dunn was ski touring with her partner when they spotted the bird of prey on 17 February.
Their sighting has been reported on the nature website iSpot.
RSPB Scotland and the Scottish Wildlife Trust said snowy owls made rare appearances in Scotland. The birds are native to Arctic regions.
Ms Dunn and her partner were on their way back from Carn Etchachan and were heading towards Feith Buidhe, in the Northern Cairngorms, when they had their encounter.
She said: "The owl spotted us first, heard us coming and took off.
"I caught a glimpse of large white wings and was unsure what it was. I remember thinking - that's too big for a ptarmigan.
"Fortunately the owl did not go far and settled down again to watch us, which is how I managed to get the photos. Eventually after a short while it did fly off."
Ms Dunn added: "We felt very privileged to spot such a wonderful bird."
In 2011, a male snowy owl appeared on the Western Isles for the eighth year running in a search for a mate.
The large white owl first visited the islands in 2003 and had previously flown around North Uist, Lewis, Harris and St Kilda.
In 2008, birdwatchers' hopes of snowy owls breeding in the UK for first time in more than 30 years were raised when the bird was joined by a female.
However, the pair were later spotted 50 miles apart.
The last pair of snowy owls to breed in the UK was on Shetland in 1975.

Summary: Images have been published of a snowy owl's rare appearance in the Cairngorms.
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Article: The government hopes it will provide more accurate information about the number of mistakes being made.
Voluntary reporting by pharmacists shows 10,000 medication errors a year, out of a billion prescriptions issued.
But academic research suggests that a quarter of a million patients are given the wrong medicine every year, with a million more so-called "near misses".
Seven patient deaths have been linked to high street chemists since 2009.
There are 36,750 high street or community pharmacists in the UK. According to support groups, an increasing number of them are feeling stressed due to the pressure of ever-rising numbers of prescriptions.
Under the Medicines' Act, pharmacists face criminal charges if they own up to making a mistake.
But under the system proposed by ministers, if they made a genuine mistake that harmed someone they would not face prosecution.
The Department of Health is currently considering a consultation about the proposed law change.
It said: "Encouraging pharmacists and their teams to come forward when they do make mistakes means that patients get better, safer care.
"Pharmacy professionals will learn from mistakes and prevent them from happening again.
"By decriminalising mistakes we will promote a more open culture of transparency."
Dawn Britton, a 62-year-old from Bristol, died in 2013 after going into a hypoglycaemic coma.
She passed away weeks after her pharmacist wrongly dispensed diabetes drugs, instead of tablets for her Crohn's Disease.
Her daughter Tammy Haskins told the BBC 5 live Investigates programme there was no point changing the law as no one had faced prosecution in her mother's case.
"The CPS looked at it twice, and both times they said it was not in the public's interest to prosecute," she told the programme.
"I feel angry no one's accountable for my mother's death."
The last NHS report into pharmacy dispensing errors, published in 2007 said that, in England and Wales, there were 113,953 "near misses" and 20,361 "dispensing errors."
These figures represent 0.1% (near...

Summary: Health ministers want to introduce an airline-style error reporting system for the UK's high street pharmacies.
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Article: Poppyscotland, the charity behind the appeal, give "life-changing" support to members of the armed forces community in Scotland.
The appeal raises more than Â£2m every year to provide advice and specialist support to veterans.
The Poppyscotland appeal for 2015 has a theme of "donate like you mean it".
Colin Flinn, head of fundraising at Poppyscotland, said he wanted to raise money to make sure that "those in the Armed Forces community are not disadvantaged and can live full lives".
He said: "The poppy means different things to different people so this year we're asking people to tell us what the poppy means to them and then, importantly, donate like they mean it.
"We can't achieve this without the public so we are urging them to get behind us and support the appeal once again."
This year's appeal was launched by Sanjeev Kohli, the actor best known for his role as Navid in the sitcom Still Game, at Glasgow Queen Street station.
Mr Kohli shared what the poppy means to him in a selfie booth - one of six booths coming to Scottish train stations over six days.
He said: "I'm proud to be launching the 2015 Scottish Poppy Appeal and my poppy means thank you. Thank you to the brave servicemen and women who lay their lives on the line so we can enjoy the freedoms we have today, and thank you to Poppyscotland who look after those who've looked after us.
"I hope the public will join me in sharing what the poppy means to them and then donate like they mean it so that Poppyscotland can carry on its life-changing work."
The annual Remembrance Sunday service will be held on 8 November at 11:00.
The service, at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, will be attended by senior politicians and members of the military.
They will be invited to lay wreaths at the Stone of Remembrance.

Summary: The annual Scottish Poppy Appeal has been launched to raise money for veterans and their families.
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Article: In 2015, 8.9m viewers watched the race on Channel 4, with more than 600m TV viewers tuning in worldwide.
Channel 4's head of TV events Ed Havard said: "The 17.15 slot follows the results round-up on BBC Radio 5 live, providing fans with the opportunity to listen on their journeys home."
The race is on Saturday, 9 April.
Havard added that the move "will place the National as the fitting climax of the three-day festival", which starts on Thursday, 7 April at the Liverpool racecourse.
Head of BBC Radio Sport Richard Burgess said: "We look forward to providing extensive build-up and uninterrupted commentary on BBC Radio 5 Live of the Grand National in its new time slot.
"We'll also have plenty of time for reaction after the race, with our correspondent Cornelius Lysaght leading the BBC team at Aintree."
John Baker, Regional Director of the Jockey Club North West, called it an "extremely positive step forward for the 'People's Race', adding: "This is a positive move for the Crabbie's Grand National and we're excited about the possibility of showcasing the greatest chase in the world to a wider national and global audience."
A handicap hurdle for conditional and amateur jockeys will now be the only race which will follow the National, at 18.10 BST.

Summary: The 2016 Grand National at Aintree will start an hour later than in previous years, at 17:15 BST, to give fans a better opportunity to watch the race.
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Article: It was taken to the castle in a procession led by a giant King John figure.
The city holds one of four remaining original copies of the charter, which was signed by King John at Runnymede in 1215.
Schoolchildren who helped make the facsimile also joined the procession.
A trail of 25 decorative sculptures have also been installed in Lincoln - each representing one of the barons who were present at Magna Carta's sealing.
Organiser David Hill said: "We've got a 20m-long parchment - which is a facsimile of the original - and on top of it are words and designs from schoolchildren in the city."
Emma Tatlow, from Visit Lincoln, said the anniversary was helping attract tourists to the city, with more than 70,000 visiting the charter at the Lincoln Castle since April.
Magna Carta outlined basic rights with the principle that no one was above the law, including the king.
It charted the right to a fair trial, and limits on taxation without representation.
It inspired a number of other documents, including the US Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Only three clauses are still valid: the one guaranteeing the liberties of the English Church; the clause confirming the privileges of the City of London and other towns; and the clause that states that no free man shall be imprisoned without the lawful judgement of his equals.
The British Library has two copies of the 1215 Magna Carta.
Source: The British Library

Summary:


A new record for a blue period Picasso has been set at auction in New York.

Article: The university announced in April it was cutting 236 posts in 2015/16 through a voluntary redundancy scheme.
But in an email to staff, Queen's said: "The required pay savings... have not been fully achieved."
As a result, staff who have not already applied for voluntary redundancy have now been invited to apply.
They will have until early October to come forward.
But the email also says: "In the event that the required savings have not been made within schools/directorates, formal processes will regretfully require to be implemented."
University sources have confirmed those "processes" may include compulsory redundancies.
The university was unable to clarify exactly how much it had missed its pay savings targets by and how many staff had been offered voluntary redundancy.
Queen's funding from the Department for Employment and Learning was cut by Â£8m earlier this year.
In a statement to the BBC, a Queen's University spokesperson confirmed that the pay savings to be delivered through the voluntary redundancy scheme had not been achieved.
They also said a strategic review is ongoing "to determine the future size and shape of the institution" and that recommendations would be presented to the university senate during this academic year.
The BBC understands that review is likely to recommend some subject and course closures.
Alun Harpur, president of the Queen's branch of the University and Colleges Union (UCU), which represents staff said the mood among staff was "one of uncertainty and anxiety".
"They don't know who will be targeted for compulsory redundancy if the university is intending to go down that route," he said.
"The union has not yet been provided with the necessary information in terms of staff numbers involved or indeed the amount of savings that the university is short by."
He also called on the university to provide clarity on the status of the voluntary redundancy scheme that is still open to staff.
"We don't know how many people have applied for it, we don't know how many people were rejected,...

Summary: Queen's University in Belfast has warned staff it may have to make compulsory redundancies in an effort to save money, the BBC has learned.
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Article: The US city is facing a housing crisis, exacerbated by landlords renting out their property to visiting tourists rather than residents.
Under the rejected Proposition F, landlords would have been fined if they rented out their homes short-term for more than 75 days a year.
The result of the poll was closer than anticipated.
AirBnB lets landlords advertise property for short-term rentals, often undercutting hotels.
Proposition F would have seriously affected its operations in San Francisco, so the company spent $8m (Â£5.2m) on a "No on Prop F" campaign.
The "Yes" campaign, which lost by about 13,500 votes had just $1m (Â£650,000) funding.
Proposition F has been defeated, but despite the huge amount of money invested by AirBnB, the result was still pretty tight.
In fact, the result was closer than the "Yes" camp had imagined.
Dale Carlson, the "Yes" spokesman, had expected to be "completely blown out" in the vote.
In the end, the No supporters only won with 55% of the vote, and that isn't by much.
Given that regulators here now plan to use different legislative methods to limit AirBnB in San Francisco, this result may actually play in their favour.
Read more: San Fran votes on â€˜AirBnB law'

Summary: San Francisco voters have rejected a proposal to limit short-term rentals offered by AirBnB and similar services.
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Article: Media playback is not supported on this device
Glasgow Warriors coach Townsend will replace Vern Cotter as Scotland head coach when both mens' contracts expire next summer.
"His view was 'if it's not now then I want to move on'," Dodson told BBC Scotland.
"Our view was that he was ready."
Dodson also confirmed that Scottish Rugby has already identified who it wants to succeed Townsend as Glasgow head coach and hopes to make an announcement in the next "two or three weeks".
With the contracts of both Townsend and Cotter expiring in the summer of 2017, Dodson says interest in both coaches forced the governing body to make a decision on the futures of both men.
"You have to be ahead of the wave in terms of planning," he said. "We've been aware that there has been interest in Gregor and in Vern for some time now, knowing that their contracts are coming to an end. I've got two outstanding coaches that are in demand.
"Vern's done an outstanding job, but we felt it was the right time that Scotland had a Scot in charge.
"These guys are being linked with jobs in England, in France and, potentially, New Zealand all the time. These are not men who are without options.
"We took the view that this was the right time. We had a coach that was ready, probably the most outstanding Scottish coach of his generation.
"He's had the experience, he'd been successful and this was the right time for us to make that move.
"Gregor could have waited until 2019, but I think he felt it was probably in his interests to go and get experience elsewhere rather than stay at Glasgow for what would have been six or seven years."
Dodson rejects the notion that the decision to name Townsend as the new Scotland coach 10 months before he takes up the position will lead to uncertainty in both the Warriors and Scotland camps this season.
He also says Cotter accepts the reasons behind the decision to replace him next year.
"Vern's a professional guy," said Dodson. "He understands that he's in Scotland and there's a need for us to have a Scottish coach....

Summary: Scottish Rugby chief executive Mark Dodson says that, if they had delayed offering Gregor Townsend the Scotland job any longer, they may have lost him to a club in England or France.
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Article: EU law says the UK and Ireland can "opt in" to such a scheme, within three months of it being proposed. But the EU cannot compel them to join in.
Denmark negotiated a blanket "opt-out" from the relevant treaty clause.
The Commission is planning quotas to help distribute migrants EU-wide, amid a surge in Mediterranean migrants.
On Wednesday the Commission will announce a "European Agenda on Migration" - policy guidelines to beef up the EU's laws for handling migrants.
France, Germany, Italy and some other countries back the quota proposal. A majority of EU governments would have to agree for it to become law.
The UK Home Office opposes it, urging the EU instead to focus on combating people traffickers.
EU Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker has said: "I will argue for the introduction of a system of quotas... we will propose a system of relocation throughout the European Union - solidarity must be shared."
The Commission draft envisages "a mandatory and automatically-triggered relocation system to distribute those in clear need of international protection within the EU when a mass influx emerges".
Will EU quota plan for migrants work?
For months Italy has been struggling to cope with thousands of migrants heading for its shores aboard rickety boats from Libya.
EU states can come to the aid of a member state in a migration emergency, under a treaty clause called Article 78(3) TFEU, which says:
"In the event of one or more member states being confronted by an emergency situation characterised by a sudden inflow of nationals of third countries, the Council, on a proposal from the Commission, may adopt provisional measures for the benefit of the member state(s) concerned. It shall act after consulting the European Parliament."
The Commission spokesperson told journalists on Tuesday that "the United Kingdom and Ireland will only be bound if they so choose" and "Denmark will not be bound by the rules and laws adopted under the European Agenda on Migration".
The UK Home Office said it was already supporting the...

Summary: The European Commission says the UK, Ireland and Denmark are not obliged to join any EU quota scheme for housing migrants, despite the migration crisis.
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Article: China's propaganda boss Liu Qibao extolled Mr Ma as one of the archetypal individuals seen as "shining calling cards for the image of contemporary China" in a press conference last year.
In December, Jack Ma made the headlines after paying $266m for Hong Kong's oldest English-language newspaper The South China Morning Post.
He is also now reportedly seeking to purchase an undisclosed stake in one of China's most-respected business magazines, Caixin - it is part of a rapidly growing media empire that has caused him to be dubbed by some, China's Rupert Murdoch.
And these are not the only media deals Mr Ma has been making in recent years.
Since 2013, the Chinese billionaire has acquired major or minor stakes in newspapers and online platforms, including Business Review, China Business Network and most notably China's largest video-sharing site, Youku Tudou.
He has also invested in social media products like Momo, one of China's most popular dating apps, and Sina Weibo, the country's largest social media outlet.
In 2014 he bought up ChinaVision Media (since renamed Alibaba Pictures) and last year spent $382m to become the second-largest shareholder in Beijing Enlight Media - the maker of hit movies such as Lost in Thailand.
He is also reaching beyond China's borders. Last year he ploughed $200m into Snapchat, one of the most popular social apps among millennials and another $215m into messaging app Tango.
So how realistic is this comparison made by some Chinese commentators with the US media mogul Rupert Murdoch, whose empire spans Britain's Sun Newspaper to New York's Wall Street Journal?
Those close to Jack Ma's decision-making say that things are more nuanced than this.
"He has increasing investments in media, but I wouldn't go so far as to call him a media tycoon yet," says Duncan Clark, author of Alibaba: The House that Jack Ma Built.
"He's trying to expand Alibaba's offering from just e-commerce into the higher value areas, which middle-class Chinese will spend more on in [the] future," says Mr Clark, who...

Summary: China's media landscape is changing at an unprecedented pace, thanks in part to dynamic figure of Jack Ma, one of the country's most prominent e-commerce tycoons and founder of the Chinese online retailer Alibaba.
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Article: La Gommeuse achieved the top price of $67.5m (£45m) at Sotheby's, as part of their Impressionist & Modern Art sale on Thursday.
And Van Gogh's atmospheric landscape, Paysage sous un ciel mouvemente, sold for $54m (£36m), helping to take the evening's total to $306.7m (£203m).
Simon Shaw, co-head of Impressionist and modern art worldwide, called it "a small sale that packed a real punch".
He added: "Each season Picasso has the remarkable ability to surprise, and tonight was no exception, with the unusual appearance of two Blue Period works, which set new benchmarks - both in oil and on paper."
La Gommeuse, described as most the important blue period Picasso to come to the market in a generation, was painted in 1901.
The portrait is of a nude unnamed woman. Gommeuse, which translates into English as 'gummy' was a sexually charged slang word of the time for cafe-concert singers and their songs.
It features a second portrait on the reverse of the canvas, which was hidden for a century until its discovery in 2000 during conservation work.
The caricature of Picasso's friend Pere Manach was apparently intended as a gift for the Catalan anarchist who shared the artist's studio flat in the Boulevard de Clichy in Paris.
The painting was one of 47 works on offer, with just over three-quarters finding buyers.
At least two of the top 10 lots were bought by Asian private collectors, continuing a trend of recent seasons.
The $306.7m (£202m) total comfortably beat the $275m (£182m) low pre-sale estimate. Sotheby's had tagged the high estimate at about $370m (£244.5m).
This total brings Sotheby's sales of Impressionist & Modern Art in just the past 24 hours to $575.8m (£381m),
Earlier this year, Picasso's Women of Algiers became the most expensive painting to sell at auction, going for $160m (£102.6m) at Christie's in New York.

Summary:


A new type of drug could benefit men with aggressive prostate cancer that is no longer responding to treatment, researchers from the Institute of Cancer Research have said.

Article: The babies were born in May and are now playing with the rest of the group in the main enclosure.
They don't stray very far from their mum though.
In the wild meerkats live in large families called  a "mob" or "gang" and as many as 50 meerkats can live in them.
All the adults in a mob share the responsibility of looking after the pups.
Meerkats live in large burrows underground, to escape the scorching heat of the South African sun.
These five meerkat pups are yet to be named, but are enjoying exploring their new enclosure with each other for now.

Summary: Five tiny meerkat pups have been exploring their new enclosure at Edinburgh Zoo.
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Article: The Lord Chief Justice for Northern Ireland, Sir Declan Morgan, set out his plans for dealing with 54 legacy cases.
The cases include killings by police officers and soldiers, and others where there are allegations of collusion.
Sir Declan will assume responsibility for the inquests when he takes on the role of Presidency of the Coroners' Courts next month.
Speaking at a conference organised by the Victims and Survivors Forum in Belfast, he pledged to engage with the families of those who were killed as openly and transparently as possible.
Sir Declan said he would appoint a senior judge, Lord Justice Weir, to undertake a comprehensive review of all legacy cases.
Preliminary hearings for all of the 54 outstanding inquests will be scheduled for January for "assessment of the state of readiness of each case".
Sir Declan told the conference he had been advised that some of the inquests could potentially be ready to be heard in the new year.
He also announced that a High Court judge would be designated to hear the most complex legacy cases, while some of the others would be heard by a County Court judge.
In a message for politicians, he said: "I have no desire to enter the political fray, but clearly there is a need for both political agreement on the mechanisms for dealing with the past and significant additional resources if we are to move these cases forward in any meaningful way."
Sir Declan added that "a visible political commitment from Westminster" would also be crucial, including a "pivotal role" for the minister for defence.
He revealed that only nine legacy cases had been disposed of during the past five years, and 13 cases in total in the past 10 years.
Of the 54 outstanding legacy cases, 22 of them are now more than 40 years old.
The Lord Chief Justice warned that it could be "many years" before most of the cases could be dealt with.
"Based on experience to date, I suspect that the number of legacy inquests proceeding annually in the next year or two is likely to be in single figures," he said.
In...

Summary: Judges are to be appointed to preside over complex inquests into some of the Troubles' most controversial killings.
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Article: The lens module features optical image stabilisation (OIS) tech to counteract the effect of shaky hands - marking the first time the feature has appeared in a handset's front camera.
The firm also says the HTC 10's rear camera is ranked as one of the best.
But analysts are doubtful whether such features are enough to improve the Taiwanese company's fortunes.
Five years ago, HTC was the world's fourth bestselling smartphone maker with a market share of about 9%.
But in 2015, it fell to 17th place with a share of about 1%, according to research firm IDC.
HTC posted a 15.6bn Taiwanese dollar ($480.5m; Â£335.8m) loss in its last financial year, leaving it with cash reserves of just over double that sum.
It blamed its ill fortune on a lack of demand for its last top-end handset - the HTC One M9.
"To be very candid, our flagship did not perform well," the firm's chief financial officer Chialin Chang told analysts in February.
"Actually I would say our flagships are falling far short of our expectations for the entire cycle of 2015."
One company watcher said the new Android handset addressed complaints about the M9's camera, display, battery life and ageing design - but said it might still struggle.
"HTC has righted all the wrongs with the last two generations of products and delivered the phone that it needed," said Ben Wood from the consultancy CCS Insight.
"But it still has a mountain to climb to gain any traction despite the fact this looks like a beautiful device.
"That's because there are many, many other manufacturers out there with stunning products too, and HTC can't afford the marketing firepower to match rivals like Samsung and Huawei."
HTC says that by adding OIS to both the 10's cameras they should cope well in low light conditions since they can keep their shutters open for longer without risking blurred results.
"It's a world's first - optical image stabilisation in the front-facing camera," explained its executive Graham Wheeler.
"It was incredibly difficult to do because OIS is quite a large module...

Summary: HTC has announced a smartphone with an "ultraselfie" front camera designed to reduce the risk of blurry shots.
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Article: Design proposals for the £5.5m facility at Easter Langlee near Galashiels will go on show on later this month.
Councillors decided in August last year to close a landfill site in the area when it reaches capacity in 2018.
It would be replaced by the new facility which will prepare household waste for transfer outside the Scottish Borders.
Councillor Gordon Edgar said: "The plans for a waste transfer station are important due to changing legislation which led to the council deciding to close the landfill site at Easter Langlee.
"The project team has already met with resident groups close to Easter Langlee but we would encourage members of the public to come along to this consultation event to see the plans and ask council officers any questions they may have about the project.
"After the public exhibition, the aim is for the full planning application to be submitted next month, and if approved the waste transfer station is expected to open in 2018."
The proposed design of the facility will be available to view from 15:00 to 20:00 in the Blue Room at Langlee Community Centre on 29 September.

Summary: Plans for a waste transfer station to replace a landfill site in the Borders are to go on public display.
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Article: Writing to the Sunday Times, the group say that if the meals were scrapped, the move could harm children's health.
The coalition government introduced the meals a year ago for all pupils in the first three years of school in England.
But there has been speculation the policy could face cuts under the Conservative administration.
Such a move would be "short-term thinking indeed", argues the letter, although there has been no word that the meals are under threat in the cuts of between 25% and 40% demanded by Chancellor George Osborne from every government department from unprotected budgets for his spending review.
The free school meals budget has cost around Â£600m each year - but the meals could be vulnerable as they are not part of the per-pupil schools budget, which is protected.
The letter, signed by 40 leading health professionals, applauds the government for its "continued support" of universal infant free school meals and the School Food Plan which stipulates nutritional standards for meals served in local authority-run schools.
"With one in three children currently leaving primary school overweight or obese, ensuring a healthy, nutritionally balanced school lunch has never been so important," it says.
The signatories, who include Prof Lord Darzi of Denham, director of the Institute of Global Health Innovation, and Prof Sheila the Baroness Hollins, who chairs the British Medical Association's science board, describe childhood obesity as "one of our greatest public health challenges".
They list health risks faced by overweight and obese children, including insulin resistance, hypertension, early signs of heart disease, asthma and poor mental health.
The letter argues free meals could pay for themselves many times over by improving diets and reducing NHS costs.
Only 1% of packed lunches meet the nutritional standards which apply to school food, it adds.
"There is evidence that children who eat a healthy school lunch consume more vegetables and fewer sugary drinks and crisps.
"It would be short-term...

Summary: Free school meals for infant pupils must be protected and not sacrificed in any budget cuts, say top doctors and nutritionists in a letter to a paper.
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Article: In a study on mice, Hsp90 inhibitors were found to strip cancer cells of defences against hormone treatments.
This makes the drugs particularly promising for treating drug-resistant cancers, the research team said.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK.
About one in eight men will get prostate cancer at some point in their lives. It mainly affects men over the age of 50.
The cancer can sometimes be treated successfully with hormone treatments, which target androgen receptors linked to the growth of male hormones called androgens.
But some prostate cancers don't work that way. Instead they create an abnormal form of androgen receptor which is not linked to the growth of hormones and therefore does not respond to standard hormone treatment.
This is the most common form of resistance in prostate cancer which leads to aggressive, difficult-to-treat cancers.
The latest research, published in the journal Cancer Research, found that a new class of drugs reduced production of both receptors.
Professor Paul Workman, study author and chief executive of the Institute of Cancer Research, said it was an exciting discovery.
"We call Hsp90 inhibitors 'network drugs' because they tackle several of the signals that are hijacked in cancer all at once, across a network rather than just a single signalling pathway.
"These drugs can hit cancer harder than those targeting only one protein, and look promising for preventing or overcoming drug resistance."
Prof Workman said the next step was to test the Hsp90 inhibitors in clinical trials on patients with aggressive, drug-resistant prostate cancer.
Prof Johann de Bono, a professor of experimental cancer medicine at the Institute of Cancer Research, said: "These drugs are already in clinical trials for several types of cancer, and I am excited that our work suggests they could also benefit men with prostate cancer who have otherwise run out of treatment options."

Summary:


The poorest and most vulnerable people in the UK would be hit hardest by the economic consequences of leaving the EU, David Cameron has warned.

Article: A Fifa report found Australia's bidding consultants appeared to have "violated the bidding and ethics rules".
It also accused Australian officials of attempting to conceal "certain key relationships" in the bidding process.
The report also criticised the English Football Association but cleared Russia and Qatar of corruption allegations.
But since being released on Thursday, Fifa's report has been heavily criticised - most notably by Michael Garcia, the lawyer who investigated those claims of wrongdoing.
Fifa launched its inquiry into the bidding process for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups after a number of corruption allegations were made after voting took place in 2010.
Russia won the right to host the 2018 tournament, beating England and joint bids by the Netherlands and Belgium, and Spain and Portugal.
Qatar was awarded the 2022 event, edging out Australia, Japan, South Korea and the United States.
The Australian government spent about A$46m (Â£26m; $40m) for the country's 2022 World Cup bid but received only one vote.
The Fifa report claimed Australia's bidding team tried to curry favour with members of Fifa's Executive Committee by directing government funds from development projects in Africa towards initiatives in members' home nations.
It also said there were "certain indications of potentially problematic conduct of specific individuals in the light of relevant Fifa ethics rules".
It found there were several incidents involving the Australia 2022 bid that displayed "potentially problematic connections between financial and other support for 'football development' and the bidding process".
However, it concluded that the connections identified were "all in all, not suited to compromise the integrity" of the bidding process "as a whole".
Football Federation Australia (FFA) said it would seek advice from the Fifa Ethics Committee before making any further comment.
"FFA notes that the Australian bid team co-operated fully with the inquiry and provided transparency on the conduct of the bid," the FFA said in...

Summary: Australia's conduct in its 2022 bid to stage the football World Cup has been criticised for attempts to divert government money to influence votes.
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Article: The Surrey Mirror said it had received a letter from Surrey County Football Association advising it not to print scores of under-7 to under-11 matches.
Surrey FA chief exec Caroline McRoyall said: "Youngsters are not interested in results long after the game."
Editor Deanne Blaylock said the paper would continue to publish the scores.
The Surrey County FA said the guidance followed changes brought in by the FA Youth Review designed to make youth football more child centred and less results orientated.
The Surrey FA has also told clubs and leagues not to publish results on their websites or on social media.
Ms McRoyall said: "It's about not publishing results, it doesn't mean that they can't put some sort of report into the paper."
She added: "The game will be competitive when they play it... but after that they want to move on to the next thing," she said.
Research by the FA found thousands of  misconduct offences committed by adults at youth football matches including offensive remarks to referees and physical fights between parents or opposing club managers.
Somerset-based Woodspring JFL wrote to parents and clubs to ask them to stop verbally abusing referees - some of the officials were as young as 14.
Gary Lineker has attacked "maniacal parents on the touchline spouting nonsense at their children".
The FA's Respect Guide advises parents to focus on children's developing skills rather than on winning matches. And it says losing can be as valuable as winning.
The Surrey Mirror said it had asked youth football managers and parents whether they wanted to see their children's names and achievements in the paper.
Out of dozens of comments received, on social media and via email and letter, only one was in favour of the Surrey FA's demand.
"We have asked the Football Association for more information on what the penalties would be for breaking the directive and what exactly we are not allowed to publish," said Ms Blaylock.
"Until we receive a response, the Surrey Mirror will continue to publish match reports sent...

Summary: A newspaper has been urged not to publish final scores from youth football matches because it is detrimental to the players.
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Article: The coastguard at Exmouth beach cordoned off the 15ft (4.6m) by 15ft hole on Thursday afternoon.
The hole, which was "bubbling" with water, has since been filled in by the incoming tide.
East Devon District Council said it was trying to find out what caused the hole and a cordon remains at Orcombe Point.
When the coastguard team arrived they said the surrounding sand was soft and fresh holes were appearing.
Kite surf instructor James Dart said: "I looked over and there were big plumes of water coming out of the beach it was all bubbling up much like a geyser, it was probably going about a foot above the beach - it was quite tremendous sight.
"I got closer and saw plant matter coming up a few snails coming out too. It was something to spice things up in the rain."
It is thought there could have been a chamber underneath the hole, about 10ft (3m) to 15ft (4.6m) deep.
Council officials said engineers would "continue to monitor the situation over the weekend and between tides".
They added: "The beach is very popular with dog walkers and bathers who are being advised to avoid the cordoned off area.
"Heavy rain yesterday may be the cause of the hole - a natural phenomenon - to have opened up, but is still a bit of a mystery."

Summary: A large mystery hole which spurted "big plumes of water" and sent plants and snails shooting into the air has appeared on a beach.
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Article: One study indicates that some Samsung TVs nearly halve their power consumption when a standardised test is carried out.
Another accuses a different unnamed manufacturer of adjusting the brightness of its sets when they "recognise" the test film involved.
Samsung has denied any wrongdoing.
It acknowledged that it used software that altered its televisions' performance during tests, but said this was the effect of a general energy efficiency feature that came into effect during normal use and had nothing to do with the testing process.
However, one environmental campaign group has likened the accusations to the Volkswagen diesel scandal, in which the German car firm admitted to programming its cars to deliberately cheat emissions tests.
Televisions' energy efficiency ratings are based on the power they use while screening a 10-minute video, which contains a mix of fast and slow-moving content shown at different brightness levels.
Manufacturers run the test themselves and then file the results. Some of these are then double-checked by various countries' energy regulatory bodies.
The study involving Samsung was carried out by ComplianTV, a consortium that represents various non-governmental organisations including the UK's Energy Saving Trust (EST). News of the study was first reported by the Guardian newspaper.
ComplianTV's researchers found that the power demands of one of the South Korean firm's LCD TVs dropped from 70 watts to about 39 watts within a minute of the test video starting.
"That's not normal, it's an anomaly," explained Richard Kay, an EST spokesman.
But he added:  "We don't have any evidence to back up the accusation that Samsung has a technology to recognise when it is tested."
Samsung said it "firmly rejected" suggestions that it had designed its TV settings to deliberately produce misleading power performance results.
But it acknowledged that "motion lighting" - a feature introduced in 2011 that controls TV screens' backlights - was causing the discrepancy.
"It is a standard out-of-the-box...

Summary: The European Commission says it is "following up" two reports that raise concerns that software used in TVs may be skewing their energy rating scores.
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Article: Last week, Coursera, a rival Silicon Valley-based platform, announced 12 more universities were joining.
UC Berkeley will add two courses to the edX online offering this autumn.
The edX partnership is also promising to add further universities from "around the world".
Edinburgh University emerged last week as the first UK university to join in this current race to establish online university platforms.
The Scottish university joined the Coursera project, which has partners including Stanford and Princeton.
This year has seen major US universities pushing ahead with rival plans to make courses available for free on the internet.
It has been hailed as a first step towards a major shift in higher education - with implications for the current constraints on time, capacity and funding.
It raises the prospect of giving prestigious institutions a global reach and access to students around the world.
The edX project followed from a MIT prototype, called MITx, that launched with a single electronics course, entirely taught and assessed online.
The addition of UC Berkeley maintains the position of elite institutions offering a small number of courses customised for online delivery.
The two courses from UC Berkeley, free to users, will be in software and artificial intelligence.
MIT will offer courses in chemistry and computer science and Harvard will run courses in health statistics and computer science.
The promise to announce further international partners will raise speculation about whether any more leading universities in the UK are set to join.
There have been earlier pioneers in this online education field, but in recent months this has gathered momentum - and with such big university brands it is becoming much more mainstream.
Among the factors helping to push this growth have been advances in the technology, such as tablet computers and video on broadband, the expanding global demand for higher education and deepening financial pressures.
Online university courses have the potential to reach large numbers of...

Summary: The emerging format war between online universities has accelerated, with the University of California, Berkeley signing up to Harvard and MIT's edX partnership.
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Article: Leaving the union would see prices rise and threaten jobs, the prime minister said, in a move seen as an attempt to reach out to Labour voters.
Writing in the Daily Mirror, he said leaving would be "a national error".
Meanwhile, more than 300 business figures and entrepreneurs have signed a letter in support of Brexit.
The referendum takes place on 23 June, when voters in the UK will be asked whether they want the country to remain in, or leave, the European Union.
With less than six weeks to go before polling day, Mr Cameron continued to make his case for staying in the EU.
He said being in the union helped working people and British manufacturing.
"I've been in this job for six years now. Whatever you think of me, I know how Britain gets things done in the world," he wrote in the Labour-supporting Daily Mirror.
"I've seen how free trade within Europe benefits working people. I've seen how manufacturing is boosted by trade deals the EU has done with the rest of the world.
"I've seen how shared intelligence keeps families safe. It's my deep, considered, steadfast belief that leaving Europe would be a national error, a big mistake."
He said three million people's livelihoods were directly linked to trade with Europe, with "countless more" linked indirectly.
Mr Cameron's comments comes as 320 business figures have signed a letter backing Vote Leave.
The letter, published in the Daily Telegraph, said being a member of the EU undermines British competitiveness and Brexit would "create more jobs".
Signatories include Peter Goldstein, a founder of Superdrug, Steve Dowdle, a former vice-president of Sony, and David Sismey, a managing director of Goldman Sachs.
Tim Martin, chairman of pub chain JD Wetherspoon, Adrian McAlpine, from construction firm Sir Robert McAlpine, and Jon Moulton, chairman of Better Capital LLP, also signed the letter.
They say British business would be free to "grow faster, expand into new markets and create more jobs" from outside the EU.
"Year-on-year the EU buys less from Britain because...

Summary:


Collins English Dictionary has chosen binge-watch as its 2015 Word of the Year.

Article: A supermoon occurs when the Moon is in the closest part of its orbit to Earth, meaning it appears larger in the sky.
The eclipse - which made the Moon appear red - has been visible in North America, South America, West Africa and Western Europe.
This phenomenon was last observed in 1982 and will not be back before 2033.
But the definition of a supermoon is debated among astronomers.
Skywatchers in the western half of North America, the rest of Europe and Africa, the Middle East and South Asia saw a partial eclipse.
From the UK, observers watched the Moon pass through the Earth's shadow in the early hours of Monday morning. In North and South America the eclipse was seen on Sunday evening.
In a total lunar eclipse, the Earth, Sun and Moon are almost exactly in line and the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun.
As the full Moon moves into our planet's shadow, it dims dramatically but usually remains visible, lit by sunlight that passes through the Earth's atmosphere.
As this light travels through our planet's gaseous envelope, the green to violet portions get filtered out more than the red portion, with the result that light reaching the lunar surface is predominantly red in colour.
Observers on Earth may see a Moon that is brick-coloured, rusty, blood red or sometimes dark grey, depending on terrestrial conditions.
Dr Robert Massey, deputy executive director of the UK's Royal Astronomical Society, told BBC News that the eclipse is an "incredibly beautiful event".
A supermoon occurs when a full or new moon coincides with a Moon that is nearing its minimum distance (perigee) to Earth.
The Moon takes an elliptical orbit around Earth, which means that its average distance changes from as far as 405,000km (its apogee) to as close as 363,000km at the perigee.
The coincidence between a supermoon and an eclipse means that Earth's lone companion is expected to look 7-8% bigger. But Dr Massey added: "The definition of 'supermoon' is slightly problematic.
"Is a supermoon taking place at the perigee, the...

Summary: People around the world have observed a rare celestial event, as a lunar eclipse coincided with a so-called "supermoon".
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Article: All young people in Scotland need parental permission to withdraw from religious activities like assemblies.
The Humanist Society of Scotland (HSS) was seeking a judicial review of that policy for older pupils.
The Scottish government is now to consider revising guidance to head teachers.
Religious observance must take place in Scottish schools at least six times a year.
In England and Wales, sixth form pupils - normally aged between 16 and 18 - have the right to make their own decision about opting out.
The HHS called for older pupils in Scotland to be given the same right.
It came after a report by the UN committee on the rights of the child highlighted the fact that children in Scotland were not able to legally withdraw from religious observance.
It recommended that laws requiring compulsory attendance at religious worship were scrapped.
At that time, the Scottish government ruled out a review of the policy.
This prompted the HSS to take a legal challenge to the Court of Session, arguing that the government may have acted unlawfully by refusing to ensure their guidance remains in line with international humans rights law.
Now the Court of Session has granted a motion to halt that judicial review action for three months.
This was put forward by Scottish ministers with the consent of the HSS.
The three-month period will be used to carry out a consultation which will consider a revision of the guidance on religious observance in schools.
A Scottish government spokesman said: "We believe religious observance in schools should support the values of a diverse, outward-looking Scotland, which encourages young people to develop their own beliefs and values, and understand and respect the beliefs and values of others.
"Listening to the views of young people themselves on all aspects of education is very important, as we have clearly recognised through our approach in the Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 and the current Education Governance Review.
"We welcome the opportunity to work with key interests...

Summary: A consultation is to be held on whether older pupils should be allowed to opt themselves out of religious observance in schools, the BBC has learned.
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Article: The bird is among a growing number of migratory species that have changed their behaviour due to human influences, says an international team.
Until recently, all white storks in Europe migrated south for the winter, but now more are flying shorter distances to snack on food on dumps.
The white stork breeds from Europe to north-west Africa and western Asia.
White storks in Europe have traditionally flown south to spend the winter in Africa but in recent decades an increasing number have stayed closer to home, drawn to the food discarded at landfill sites.
A team lead by Dr Andrea Flack of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany used GPS devices to study the migratory habits of 70 young storks from eight different countries during their first migration.
The research, published in Science Advances,  tracked birds hatched in Armenia, Greece, Poland, Russia, Spain, Germany, Tunisia and Uzbekistan.
The study found that storks from Russia, Poland and Greece followed the traditional migratory route of flying south as far as South Africa.
However, birds from Spain, Tunisia and Germany lingered north of the Sahara; birds from Armenia flew only a short distance; and, surprisingly, birds from Uzbekistan stayed in their home country.
The scientists say that most of the birds that stayed north of the Sahara survived by feeding on rubbish dumps, enabling them to obtain food without the added energy expenditure of long-distance flight.
Meanwhile, the birds staying in Uzbekistan probably obtained food from fish farms, suppressing their usual migratory habit of flying to Afghanistan or Pakistan for the winter.
Dr Flack said the white stork appeared to have changed its behaviour to live closer to humans where food is in good supply.
"There is some sort of human impact that causes these birds to change their migration strategy," she told BBC News.
"Those that stay north of the Sahara seem to have advantages from feeding on these landfill sites in Morocco.
"For a white stork it's a good place; they find a lot of food...

Summary: Storks feeding on rubbish dumps instead of migrating are more likely to survive the winter, research shows.
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Article: Intelligent Environments has launched a platform which can link the Pavlok wristband, which delivers a 255 volt shock, to a bank account.
If the funds in the account go below an agreed limit, the band kicks in.
It can also work with smart meter Nest to turn down the heating and save energy bills if funds are low.
No bank has yet announced that it will be offering the Interact IoT (Internet of Things) platform to customers but Intelligent Environments lists several British banks as clients for its existing online banking platforms.
Chief executive David Webber told the BBC the idea was about consumer choice.
"This is about reacting to changes in your financial well-being," he said.
"Willpower is great if you've got it - not everybody has."
He dismissed the idea that the concept is too controlling.
"If you get home and decide you can afford for it to be warmer you can turn it back up again," he said of the smart meter's automated "economy mode" for home heating.
The Pavlok wristband "shock" function can also be deactivated, Mr Webber added.
He admitted that it had "frivolity" but said it proved the concept.
Mr Webber said he believes the Internet of Things - the idea of connected devices communicating with each other as well as with their owners - will be a landcape-changing industry.
"I think the Internet of Things will be as transformational as tablets and smartphones were a number of years ago," he said.
"I think the interconnectedness of devices is going to transform the way we think and manage whether it's our cars or the things in our home.
"Perhaps you could use this sort of platform where, if you're running short of money your car slips into economy mode, rather than sport mode," added Mr Webber, who insisted that the platform was secure.
However Prof Alan Woodward, a cybersecurity expert from Surrey University, said the more connections which are made between devices, the greater the risk of a security weakness.
"Having a convoluted interaction between systems is almost inevitably going to lead to...

Summary: One British firm is seeking to put the buzz back into budgeting by giving bank customers an electric shock if they overspend.
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Article: Victims were fooled by emails asking them to divert payments into criminals' accounts, leaving the genuine recipient unpaid.
The number of cases of the scam - also known as "mandate" or "invoice" fraud - is up 71% on the previous year.
Losses in the UK totalled £126m, according to police figures compiled for Radio 4's You & Yours.
Police said people need to be suspicious of any persistent emails that suggest a change of bank account details.
Georgia Morandi, from Carmarthenshire, lost £2,514 to this sort of scam after having a wood burning stove installed. She received messages - apparently from her stove fitter's email account - asking for the money she owed him to be paid into a different bank account.
"The timing of it was perfect because, of course, it was a bill that I inevitably had to pay," she said.
But the messages she had received were not really from her stove fitter. It is thought his email account had been compromised and somebody posed as him online.
"It was a massive shock because I could instantly see that it would be an issue trying to get the money back," said Ms Morandi.
"I went into a bit of a panic wondering how it was going to end. I couldn't afford to pay for the stove twice; the stove fitter couldn't afford to be out of pocket. It was very difficult to know who is responsible for that stolen money."
In the end, Ms Morandi's bank refunded the money she had sent to criminals. But they called it a goodwill gesture and not everyone caught out in this way will get their money back.
The police recorded 5,480 similar cases in 2015, compared with 3,206 in 2014.
Of those affected, 36% of them said it had a severe or significant impact on them, meaning it affected their health or their ability to make ends meet.
The scam tends to happen in two main ways. The first is where a company's IT system is infected with malware allowing criminals to spy on emails and then contact customers. The second is where a criminal pretends to be someone senior in a company and emails a junior member of staff...

Summary: More than 5,000 people were conned into sending planned payments to fraudsters' bank accounts last year.
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Article: Meaning "to watch a large number of television programmes (especially all the shows from one series) in succession", it reflects a marked change in viewing habits, due to subscription services like Netflix.
Lexicographers noticed that its usage was up 200% on 2014.
Other entries include dadbod, ghosting and clean eating.
Helen Newstead, Head of Language Content at Collins, said: "The rise in usage of 'binge-watch' is clearly linked to the biggest sea change in our viewing habits since the advent of the video recorder nearly 40 years ago.
"It's not uncommon for viewers to binge-watch a whole season of programmes such as House of Cards or Breaking Bad in just a couple of evenings - something that, in the past, would have taken months - then discuss their binge-watching on social media."
Those partaking in binge-watching run the risk of dadbod, one of ten in the word of the year list.
Referring to an untoned and slightly plump male physique, dadbod is not without its admirers, with actors like Seth Rogen and Leonardo DiCaprio fitting the purported brief.
"Once again, the list of Collins' Words of the Year offers a fascinating snapshot of the ever-changing English language," said Newstead.
Those words that remain popular could be included in the next print edition of the Collins English Dictionary, due in 2018.

Summary: