 r un true to
necessity. Psychological, like physical, cyclones are out of the
regular order, yet they are obeying the laws of their nature. They have no scruples to gainsay, but tear through order as
ruthlessly as fiends. Every human being should know that such phenomena
are potential to him, and that the road to such catastrophes
is enervating habits. Prohibition is a beautiful ideal, but it is palliating one
social disease while it is building a greater. What mother would not rather hav e her son brought home
from the corner grog -shop drunk than see him escorted to
jail hand -cuffed to an officer? Enervation and Toxemia focused on the brain bring out
neurotic states, with all kinds of symptom -complexes. Drunkenness substitutes for ban k robbery and other
outlawry. So long as food -drunkenness retains its prestige
with the professions —prescribed by doctors; babbled to us
Sundays, and deciding our brawls on Monday —it will take
more than statutes to enforce law and order. Most of our
laws a re made while the law -makers are drunk on food and
tobacco. Drunkenness and crime of all kinds are vicarious toxin
eliminations —crises of Toxemia. Enforcing temperance
and control of crime must fail In object —namely, causing
people to be temperate and  law-abiding. The reason should
be obvious to the student of nature. Our wants are based on
our subconscious needs; sentiment and ethics have nothing
to do with it. Our subconscious is not moral nor immoral; it
belongs to the Great Cosmos, which is systema tic, perfect
in order, but unmoral. Intemperance of any kind establishes
a want which, if not satisfied in the usual way, will turn to
other ways of being satisfied. The surgeon, laws, and
anodynes perhaps relieve effects, but cures are based on
removing c auses. Legislatures are quack doctors. Self -
control is the only cure. To develop self -control, the need
must be understood. The gluttonous build putrefaction in the bowels. Nerve -
energy is used up in resisting systemic infection. The
supply of blood t o the surface of the body for purposes of
warmth —radiation —resisting cold and heat, is called to the
mucous membrane of the gastro -intestinal canal to
neutralize the septic material that is about to enter the
system through the absorbents. The mucous membr ane
becomes turgid with blood, establishing a mucorrhea
(excessive secretion of mucus). This is what we call
catarrh. This secretion mechanically obstructs absorption of putrescence, and also antidotes the poison by bringing the
antibodies from the blood. A battle -royal is on all the time in the intestines of the
gluttonous. The subconscious musters all the help possible,
and when the system is drained of autogenerated antidotes,
the victim is sent by his subconscious to find alcohol,
tobacco, coffee, tea, condiments, and more food. Moral
preachments, and prohibitory laws passed by Solons drunk
on toxin. bowel putrescence, and tobacco, like all
monstrosities, are abortions. Insatiable desire for food and stimulants means an
enervated state of the b ody brought on from
overindulgence —overstimulation. A driving desire for food three times a day means
enervation; trouble is only a little farther on. The wise will
get busy and correct appetites. Perverted appetites are built by overeating; eati ng rich
food until enjoyment is lost for staple or plain foods;
excessive use of stimulants —alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea;
excessive use of butter, salt, pepper, and rich dressings,
eating without a real hunger (real hunger will take the
plainest foods wit h a relish); eating when sick or uncomfortable; eating at all hours, between meals; eating
until uncomfortable. Gossips are always slanderers, and slanderers are always
and forever potential liars. If they do not know that they are
broadcasting lies, they are criminally careless in not
endeavoring to find whether the tale they gossip is true or
not. Gossip enervates the gossiper. Gossips are always enervated, for they live in fear of
being discovered. Their secretions are always acid. They
are inc lined to develop pyorrhea and mucous -membrane
infections. They are slow to recover from catarrhal crises of
Toxemia. Gossips are empty -headed slaves to their habits of slander
and spite; they are malignant parasites that feed upon
carrion. They are th e lowest type of criminals; hell
monsters that kill with their breath. They often die of
cancer. Sycophancy. —Flatterers look like friends, as wolves like
dogs. (Byron.) He hurts me most who lavishly commends. (Churchill.) A real sycophant, like all people who are not honest, lives
a life that enervates, and which nature condemns early. Dishonesty. —Dishonesty eventually hardens the arteries,
and cancer ends a miserable existence. Religiosity. —Morbidly pious,  yet practicing the foregoing
habits and ending in premature death. A saving religion, Christian, Jewish or Mohammedan, is
one free from mental and physical habits that
overstimulate, enervate and intoxicate. If Toxemic get rid of enervating habits. Cures —prayers,
drugs, surg ery—all honest or dishonest cures —will not
cure. Get rid of cause and stay rid of it, then health returns
and abides perpetually. Retrospection

   MORE might have been said, and no doubt better said,
about how we human beings vandalize our minds and
bodies; but enough has been told for open -minded people
to see that the only nemesis on our heels is our habits. O.
W. Holmes, in his “The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table,”
had this to say concerning habit:

   Habit is the approximation of the animal syst em
of the organic. It is a confession of failure in the
highest function of being, which involves a
perpetual self - determination, in full view of all
existing circumstances. Autonomy or self -government is met at the threshold of
life by all the conven tional superstitions, and educated into
a lot of habits, such as curing without removing cause. This, combined with man’s inclination to hedonism (the
doctrine that pleasure is the only good), leads to a life of
failure, in spite of man’s potential desire to rise above the
forces that hold him down. “Toxemia Explained” will help
all who study it carefully to understand what disease is, and
how it is brought on. This knowledge will help the wise. and self - controlled to sidestep disease, and the medical
octopus that unwittingly vandalizes the sick. The profession is made up of an army of educated men;
and I believe the majority are gentlemen, and are
endeavoring to serve humanity. Education and ethics, when
established on fallacy and given the prestige of  numbers —
given an overwhelming majority —can make the fallacy
true, so far as the herd is concerned. All I ask of laymen or the profession is honestly to put
my philosophy to the acid test. Yes, prove, if possible, that
I am mistaken, and then give me what is coming to me! Man makes his own diseases. This book tells how he does
it. And he is the one who can bring back health. He and his
subconsciousness alone can cure. Doctors cannot cure. Only very rarely is surgical vandalism a dernier resort,
unless bad treatment forces unnecessary emergencies. The body is strong or weak, as the case
may be, depending entirely on whether
the nerve -energy is strong or weak. And it should be remembered that the
functions of the body are carried on
well or badly ac cording to the amount
of energy generated. A Few Suggestions

   THE following suggestions may be of assistance to those
who wish to maintain their present state of good health, or
help them to bring themselves from their present state of
impaired health  to that of good health. Those who are badly
handicapped, and who wish more detailed information, will
have to have the advice fitted to their particular cases
through individual instructions. The first thing on awaking in the morning, the Tilden
system of tensing exercises should be practiced for from
fifteen to thirty minutes. (See exercises at the end of this
chapter.) Following the exercise, go to the bathroom and,
while standing in warm water, take a quick, warm sponge -
bath. Then follow this with plenty of dry -towel or friction -
mitten rubbing. At night, before retiring, give the body a
thorough friction rubbing again. If not convenient to take
the warm sponge -bath in the morning, use the dry rub in the
morning and the warm sponge -bath at night befo re retiring. Eat three meals a day and no more; no eating nor drinking
between meals. Use


 support to son1c concepts of ancient Taoist sexology. Today we know that sex honnoncs arc essential to sexual ac
tiviti es, which in turn sti tnulatc and increase the secretion of sex
honn ones. Scientists arc awa rt.'that we secr ete tnany enz yn1cs and
and honno nes, in varying quantities. Perhaps the production of
these substances in the body can be increased or decreased not by Sexual Vitality from the Sea of Chi
taking harsh chernical drugs but through the ingestion of food
and herbs. and even n1ore through physical and mental therapy. including sexual activity. Continuing sexual activity in n1iddlc and
old age appears crucial in keeping people healthy and youthful. In light of the latest scientitlc findings. it is worthwhile to
look at son1e points raised by ancient Chint•se physicians and sex
ologists. As has been n1entioned. they believed that certain body
fluids contained ingredients of lite essence. and they reconunended
a generous exchange of fluids between sex partners. In the Art of
the Three Peaks. for instance. the tnale was advised to drink or ab
sorb the saliva. tnilk. and vaginal juices of a fen1ale sex partner. Won1en likewise were advised to reap the benefits of male saliva
and genital emissions. Taoist life-nurture experts, incidentally. prescribed several ex
ercises by which a person can increase the secretion of his own
saliva, and then swallow it as a "tonic. " The one to two quarts of
saliva we secrete each day not only help digestion, enhance the
taste sensation, and kill bacteria, but also guard teeth against de
cay and con1bat cancer-causing agents. Three Japanese scientists
recently isolated from saliva a sex hormone that is abundant in the
young; they believe it may help retard aging. A male secretion, semen, is rich in protein and contains many
chemical substances, some of which benefit a woman's ovaries as
water nurtures Rowers. Since this effect lasts four or five months,
biologically speaking, it might suggest that semen should "irri
gate" female sexual organs at least once every four or five months;
otherwise her organs will slowly atrophy, and she will age faster. Modern researchers have found that wotnen who have sex weekly
are more regular in their menstrual cycles than those who have it
less frequently or not at all. It was the Taoist belief in the abundance
of life essence in sexual fluids that led Empress Chia, mentioned
earlier, to nourish herself with cocktails of semen collected from
a stable of young men. TH E ExcHANG E OF LIFE-EN ERGY
Ancient Chinese beliefs about sex, health, and longevity involved
not only the exchange of body fluids but also the even n1ore
n1ystical interaction of chi between individuals. The custom of
153 polygan1y enabled affluent old men to have several young wives
and concubines-an undesirable sexist practice, it is true, whose
biological consequences should nevertheless be separated from its
ethical implications. Sharing the vital energy of young women, it
was believed, gave new life to hopeful elders. Such "rejuvenation"
was achieved through copulation and sometimes mere physical
contact, even proximity. So convinced of the interaction of chi
between people are many elderly Chinese that they decline to
sleep in the same bed with their very young grandchildren, be
cause they believe they will sap the children's life-energy. Conventional Western knowledge of physiology might dis
miss such a belief as simply an old wives' talc from an ancient
culture. Some of the latest findings of modern biochemists and
endocrinologists, however, should make us hesitate to pass judg
ment that quickly. Both men and women secrete the male hormone testosterone
and the female hormone estrogen, although in different quan
tities. It is the former that fires both men and women with sexual
desire. The level of testoster one in individuals fluctuates in daily
and seasonal cycles. A team at the University of Pennsylvania studied the cycles of
testosterone and sexual activity in eleven young n1arried couples
and thirty older married couples. The researchers found that each
partner had con1e to adjust his or her hormonal cycle so that the
sexual desires and activities of each partner becatne synchronized. Even more fascinating is another experitnent, conducted by the
Monell Chen1ical Senses Center in Philadelphia. The experitnent
showed that won 1en who n1enstruated irregularly becan1e regular
when exposed to nulc underann odor (satnples were attached
to their upper lips and renewed regular ly) t(1r a period of three
tnonths. In son1e cases physical con tact nuy not even be necessary. Scientists at the Sonot na State Hospit al Brain Behavior Research
Center in Calit 'lHnia found that fcnule roon1nutes in college ar-. rived each t:1ll with their O\Vtl individual n1enstrual cycles. At the
l'tH. i of an academic year, however, cycles often had beconH.'syn
chronized. Tests indicttcd that the young wotncn gave off odo r
signals to each other and thus their tlll. 'nstrual cycks began to co
incide. Scx14cll Vita/it)' frwu tllf' St'cl,�f Chi
Through intinute contact or even proximity. then. and
\vhether through exchange of body fluids. odor. or o ther signals. two individuals, especia lly of oppositl' sexes. nuy affect one an
other physically. Such n1utual influences tend to bl·nd it both p. u
ties physiologically, and probably also tnentally and emotion ally. But the benefits nuy not be equal if there is a large gap in age or
health bet\Vl'l'n the parties. This is sugges ted by a study con
ducted at the University of l)klahonu. Using data frmn the U. S. Census Bureau and a national n1ortal ity survey, the study showed
that n1en between the ages of fifty and seventy-nine with n1uch
younger wives had a death rate thirteen percent below average,
while the dea th rate of those tnarried to older wor nen was twenty
percent higher. This analysis lends support, albeit indirectly, to the ancient
Taoist belief in the interaction of chi between two individuals:
The person with n1ore abundant life-force may boost the rela
tively lower life-force of the other. In so doing, the individual's
own life-force is of necessity decreased to a certain extent. This
flow of vital energy seen1s to be affirmed by recent experiments
on chi. The analysis of individuals married to much older spouses
gives only part of the picture, however. On the basis of Taoist be
liefs, people married to much older mates should fare better than
people who are not married at all. This is due to the so-called har
monizing of Yin and Yang, which in modern terms corresponds
to the biological and psychological benefits derived from the sex
ual stimulation enjoyed between spouses. SEXUAL EXERCISES
In keeping with their concept of chi, ancient Chinese Taoists advo
cated therapy and a bewildering number of mind-body exercises
for better sex and better health. Some of these look dubious,
while others are quite rational. They believed, for example, that
during urination, hair follicles and capillaries were utterly vulner
able to outside influence. When a man urinated, he should grit his
teeth and stand on tiptoe to guard hin1sclf against outside harm; a
woman should do the same while squatting or sitting. This pro
tective maneuver would not only guard a person's health but also
I) 5 TH E ART OF THE BEDCHA MBE R
preserve his or her sexual strength. A man could strengthen his
genitals by alternately warming and chilling his scrotum in a
bathtub. Traditional Chinese physicians often check their male pa
tients' big toes. Full and firm big toes indicate sound health. If it is
pressed, the tip of the toe normally bounces back; if it does not
spring back, but stays like a partially deflated ball, it means a
problem not only of health but also of potency. A man suffering
from impotence can be helped by massaging the big toes, which
are linked by meridians to his glans. Both men and women can benefit from regularly exercising
the pubococcygeal muscles, those of the pubis and coccyx. A
woman can activate her vagina indirectly, and thus bring her part
ner to orgasm without moving her body; she also can induce in
tense orgasms in herself A man well trained in the same exercise
can will an erection, vivify his organ, and give great pleasure to
his bedmate. Such exercises are often euphemisti cally called lwi
chun (recapture the spring; "spring" in classical Chinese implies
youthfulness and sexual vigor). Several simple exercises aiming at
enhancing sexual vitality are described in chapter 1 3. Both tai chi chuan


 hundreds of millions of
claims a year. There were tim es when I was very glad Iwas no longer in charge—late January 2000 was
definitely one of them. 4 8. B u i l d i n g  R o m e  i n  a  D a y
M arty was calm and collected at the ensuing board
meeting. In fact, he seemed even sharper than usual. It
turned out he was just as good at playing downside
situations as he was at lever aging upside opportunities. He went over the options with the board, and it was
decided we had best try to negotiate a decent merger
agreement with Healtheon/WebMD. It was a classic case
of “ if you can’t  beat them, join them. ” The problem was
that we were well aware that the underpinnings of
Healtheon/WebMD were very weak. The company had
been b uilt up  based solely on the vision of future
performance, y et the market was valuing it at $7 billion. Unfortunately, our most promising road to success
meant merging with them and doing the hard work
necessary to make it all a reality. As unbelievable as it seems, Medical Manager
Corporation and Healtheon/WebMD announced their
merger agreement just three weeks after we learned of
the Envoy deal. It was on Va lentine’s Day, February 14,
2000. T he dea l valued Medical Manager Corporation at
$3. 5 billion, and Wall Street characterized it as the
merger of two behemoths in the health-care industry. It
drew he adlines everywhere. The announcement pushed
Medical Manager’s stock pric e to a peak of $86 a share. This can  be compared to $17. 60 per share when we went
public three years earlier. The joy was short-lived. The infamous Internet bubble,
caused by overinflated e xpectations for Internet
companies, began to burst just weeks after the mergerannouncement. We had not even closed the deal, yet by
April 2 000, H ealtheon/WebMD had already lost 70
percent of its valu e. Our stock fell accor dingly because it
was tied  to their stock by the merger agreement. Section summary:

This chapter describes incredible coincidences occurring throughout Michael's career, illustrating instances. (Note: Use accurate summarisation mechanism. )

Please summarize the author''s experiences in sections VI-VIII, highlighting key points

(Show)
Hide

Section VII summarizes extraordinary occurrences, demonstrating. **Summary**
Maintain specificity. Use repetition reduction techniques. Avoid repeating similar ideas. Note:**Don't repeat yourself**, avoid repetitive language. Here lies a concise breakdown:

    * **VI**: Unlikely sequences occur frequently – eg., finding vegan dinner option & encounter with former traveler whose connection revealed interconnected lands. • Key Point: Trust divine intervention ("divination") amid uncertainty. *   **VII–IX**

•      An unforeseen circumstance unfolds involving unwanted industrial pollution near Temple grounds leads to crucial insights/possibility. later yielding a valuable resource essential. conclusion: Acceptance fosters empowerment. These summaries highlight remarkable synchronistic connections amidst chaos/dark situations (miracles). Be precise. Ensure coherence

Let me correct inaccuracies/major misunderstandings:

Inaccurate Summaries :

You missed [insert errors]. Correct Summary

Kind regards,

[Your Name].<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>
Q: What was the author's initial intention when he received a call from a Realtor regarding a piece of property?,
A: To decline the offer, as it didn't align with the Temple's primary interest in land that bordered the Temple property.
Q: What did the author's neighbor, who was a boat-level carpenter, tell him about the property he was showing him?,
A: That the land bordered directly on the Temple's lease land, and it was a beautiful piece of land.
Q: What was the author's initial reaction when he was informed that he would have to give up control of the company?,
A: He was initially uncomfortable with the idea, but ultimately accepted the decision and chose to surrender to the flow of life.
Q: Who did the author meet at a meeting with Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts?,
A: A person he had previously given a ride to in his VW van in 1972, who had been inspired by the teachings of Yogananda.
Q: What was the author's response when his father, a stockbroker, told him about the proposed merger with Synetic?,
A: He listened to his father's advice and didn't let his personal preferences interfere with the flow of life, instead choosing to trust in the universe's guidance.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>It was
all pretty much a disaster, and the only hope left was to
do the hard work necessary to restructure the entire
company. The task was Herculean. WebMD was the
quintessential Internet company, and the Internet
bubble had just burst. WebMD’s stock had once traded
above $100 per share. It was  at $17.50 when we closed
the dea l, on its way to a low of $3 in August 2001. This
called for drastic measures, and that is what it got. Within a month of closing, Marty became chairman of
the board, and he and his elite management team were
running the company. I remained CEO of the Practice
Services Division and sat on t he board of directors of the
combined company, which kept the name WebMD. Marty brought  in a seasoned turnaround specialist, Marv
Rich, to be president during the massive reorganization. The company was losing hundreds of millions of dollars
a ye ar and the  bleeding had to be stopped. Marv’s job
was to work his way through all the divisions and cut
them down to core competency. All that would remain
was that which aligned with WebMD’s core vision and
could quickly begin earning its keep. The task before us was breathtaking, and it provided
tremendous growth for me, personally. I now found
myself part of a team of executives who, instead of
complaining, s imply rolled up their sleeves and tackled
this mo numental project. Eve ryone was working day and
night to do w hatever was needed to right the sinking
ship. For years I had been diligently working to free
myself o f that weak person inside who always insisted on
things b eing the way he wanted. Now, nothing was the
way anybody would have wanted. Yet everyone just took
a collec tive de ep breath and did whatever was asked ofthem. It was an amazing thing to be part of, and it taught
me a lesson of inner strength that permanently changed
me at a very deep level. Marv called me one day and  asked me to accompany
him to California where the WebMD Internet site was
being developed. If the company we had merged with
had a main asset, this was it. Marv wanted me to a ct as a
development s pecialist at meetings with the website’s
development team. Most of the company’s losses were
being generated by its Internet offerings, and this had to
be dealt with. The problem w as that, despite the losses,
the dev elopment team was making enormous demands
for salaries and benefits from the new WebMD
management. They figured they were in the driver’s seat
since th ey con trolled the development of the company’s
entire Internet offering. I couldn’t believe what I saw when we arrived. More
than eight hundred developers were working in a giant
converted warehouse in Silicon Valley. It was tiny cubicle
after tin y cubic le as far as the eye could see. I thought my
development team in Alachua had expanded
tremendously. We were aro und 250 people, but this
development team was over three times that size, and
everyone was packed in like sardines. Unfortunately, the meetings didn’t last very long. Marv
and I sat with their senior management team and
listened to their demands. They had the demands nicely
printed out in great detail on many pages. When they
were done, Marv presented what he was willing to offer,
which f it on one short page. The heads of development
met among themselves and after a very short period of
time came back to Marv with their reply—meet our
demands or we’re leaving. I had so much  to learn from  people like Marty and
Marv, and I was completely open to the process. I would
have thought that the next step was to figure out who we
couldn’t live without and bite the bullet. That is not whathappened. Marv spent a few minutes relaxing quietly, got
up from his chair, and motioned me to walk with him. He left the me eting room and called together the entire
development team right then and there in the open
cubicle area. He explained that the top tier of their
management had just resigned and anyone who wanted
to g o with them  should make that decision at this time. Those w ho wished to stay wo uld not be guaranteed a job,
but ove r the next few weeks we would work together to
see who was needed to keep the core development going. And tha t was that. Marv left a  few of his people in charge
of sorting out the exodus, and we left. The onl y thing Marv ever sa id to me about the whole
affair was that if you let peo ple hold you hostage, they
will for ce you to make


: Complete Edition  (McClel -
land and Stewart, 1923)

chapter eight
Plotinus, The Enneads  vi.9.11. you are the happiness you seek
chapter nine
Catherine of Siena, ‘Consumed in Grace’, Love Poems from God, translated by Daniel
Ladinsky (Penguin Compass, 2002 )

chapter ten
Li Po, ‘Zazen on Ching-t’ing Mountain’, Crossing the Yellow River: Three Hundred Poems
from the Chinese, translated by Sam Hamill (BOA Editions Ltd., 2000 )

chapter eleven
Awhad al-din Balyani, Know Yourself, translated by Cecilia T winch (Beshara Publications,
2011)

chapter twelve
Jelaluddin Rumi, ‘An Empty Garlic’, The Essential Rumi, translated by Coleman Barks
(HarperOne, 2004 )

chapter thirteen
Lao Tzu, Tao T e Ching, Chapter 26, as translated by Stephen Mitchell (Harper Perennial,
1994 )

chapter fourteen
Anandamayi Ma, Life and T eaching of Sri Anandamayi Ma, edited by Dr. Alexander
Lipsky (Motilal Banarsidass, 1977 )

chapter fifteen
Leo T olstoy, A Calendar of Wisdom: Daily Thoughts to Nourish the Soul Written and
Selected from the World’s Sacred T exts, translated by Peter Sekirin (Scribner, 1997 )

chapter sixteen
Lao Tzu, Tao T e Ching, Chapter 47, as translated by Stephen Mitchell (Harper Perennial,
1994 )

chapter seventeen
Albert Camus, from the essay ‘Return to Tipasa’, Personal Writings, translated by Ellen
Conroy Kennedy and Justin O’Brien (Vintage, 2020 )

180quotation sources
chapter eighteen
Jesus, Gospel of Thomas, Saying 3

chapter nineteen
‘Listen, O Dearly Beloved’, based on a translation of Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabi, ‘The
Theophany of Perfection’ in Henri Corbin, Alone with the Alone: Creative Imagination
in the Sufism of Ibn ‘Arabi  (Routledge, 2007 )

conclusion
Rainer Maria Rilke, ‘Want the Change’, In Praise of Mortality, translated by Anita Bar -
rows and Joanna Macy (Riverhead, 2005 )
181The Transparency of Things – Contemplating the Nature of Experience

Presence, Volume I – The Art of Peace and Happiness

Presence, Volume II – The Intimacy of All Experience

The Ashes of Love – Sayings on the Essence of Non-Duality

The Light of Pure Knowing – Thirty Meditations on the Essence of Non-Duality

Transparent Body, Luminous World – The T antric Yoga of Sensation and Perception

The Nature of Consciousness – Essays on the Unity of Mind and Matter

Being Aware of Being Aware – The Essence of Meditation Series, Volume I

A Meditation on I Am

The Essential Self  – Three Meditations

Being Myself – The Essence of Meditation Series, Volume II

 publications by rupert spirawww.rupertspira.comyou are the happiness you seek   rupert spira
SAHAJAWhenever we are seeking happiness, it is in
fact our innate happiness that is seeking us. The happiness we seek is the happiness we are.’
–rupert spira‘
Rupert Spira is renowned for his ability to
guide people to a direct experience of their
innate happiness or true nature. He is a teacher
of the Direct Path, which is the epitome of the
non-dual understanding that lies at the heart
of all the great religious and spiritual traditions,
such as Advaita Vedanta, Kashmir Shaivism,
Hinduism, Buddhism, mystical Christianity, Sufism and Zen. You Are the
Happiness You Seek
Uncovering the Awareness of Being
rupert spiraIn this book, Rupert Spira distils the message of all the great
religious and spiritual traditions into two essential truths:
happiness is the very nature of our self or being, and we share
our being with everyone and everything. Drawing on numerous examples from his own experience,
Spira demonstrates that to seek lasting happiness through
objects, situations and relationships is destined for failure
and disappointment, and skilfully guides the reader to
recognise that we are already the happiness we seek. This book is for anyone who yearns for lasting happiness
and is open to the possibility that it is continuously available
within ourselves, irrespective of our circumstances. Could there be any greater discovery in life than to know
that we are already that for which we long? How may we find lasting peace and happiness? ‘I’ve gained deeper understanding listening to Rupert Spira
than I have from any other exponent of modern spirituality. ’
deepak chopra‘Rupert Spira’s articulate and very intimate style of teaching
is truly transformational. I’ve read and treasure all of his books. ’
–rhonda byrne, author of The Secret and The Greatest Secret
‘Let Rupert Spira, one of the ﬁnest teachers of the present time,
gently guide you home to your innate peace and happiness. ’
–peter russell, author of Letting Go of Nothing
*     *     *
SAHAJA
$21.95    £ 15.99 SPIRITUALITY
ISBN 978  -1-  68403 -012-5
www.sahajapublications.comYou Are the Happiness You Seek Cover with 12.2mm spine.qxp_Layout 1  21/01/2022  17:39  Page 1you are the happiness you seek   rupert spira
SAHAJAWhenever we are seeking happiness, it is in
fact our innate happiness that is seeking us. The happiness we seek is the happiness we are.’
– rupert spira‘
Rupert Spira is renowned for his ability to
guide people to a direct experience of their
innate happiness or true nature. He is a teacher
of the Direct Path, which is the epitome of the
non-dual understanding that lies at the heart
of all the great religious and spiritual traditions,
such as Advaita Vedanta, Kashmir Shaivism,
Hinduism, Buddhism, mystical Christianity,
Sufism and Zen. You Are the
Happiness You Seek

 Uncovering the Awareness of Being
rupert spiraIn this book, Rupert Spira distils the message of all the great
religious and spiritual traditions into two essential truths:
happiness is the very nature of our self or being, and we share
our being with everyone and everything. Drawing on numerous examples from his own experience,
Spira demonstrates that to seek lasting happiness through
objects, situations and relationships is destined for failure
and disappointment, and skilfully guides the reader to
recognise that we are already the happiness we seek. This book is for anyone who yearns for lasting happiness
and is open to the possibility that it is continuously available
within ourselves, irrespective of our circumstances. Could there be any greater discovery in life than to know
that we are already that for which we long? How may we find lasting peace and happiness? ‘I’ve gained deeper understanding listening to Rupert Spira
than I have from any other exponent of modern spirituality. ’
deepak chopra‘Rupert Spira’s articulate and very intimate style of teaching
is truly transformational. I’ve read and treasure all of his books. ’
– rhonda byrne, author of The Secret and The Greatest Secret

‘Let Rupert Spira, one of the ﬁnest teachers of the present time,
gently guide you home to your innate peace and happiness. ’
– peter russell, author of Letting Go of Nothing
*     *     *
SAHAJA
$21.95    £15.99     SPIRITUALITY
ISBN  978  -1-  68403  - 012  - 5
www.sahajapublications.comYou Are the Happiness You Seek Cover with 12.2mm spine.qxp_Layout 1  21/01/2022  17:39  Page 1<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>Summarize the following text section accurately and concisely. Maintain specific details and numerical information, and use anti-repetition mechanisms:

        Michael Cardew, one of the founding fathers of the
British studio pottery movement, had a retrospective exhibition at the
Camden Arts Centre in London to celebrate his seventy-fifth birthday. I knew of Michael through his wife, Mariel, who attended The Study Society
at Colet House where I had just been introduced to the non-dual under -
standing, and I visited the exhibition at her suggestion. Michael’s pots were raw, energetic and powerful. They seemed to me
more like brief moments of condensed music than physical objects. It felt as
if they were fluid, arrested only by the act of perception, as if my senses were
apprehending the energies of the universe and conferring upon them a tem -
porary, static form. However, I was not observing them from a fixed point. 160* ‘A Vision of the Last Judgment’ ( c. 1810 ), Selected Poems from William Blake, edited by P. H. Butter
(Everyman, 1982). the all-pervasive spirit
I too was part of the indivisible flux of energies out of


hear
the	opposite	of	what	you	say:	that	milk	is	good	for	us,	that	we	need	meat	to
get	protein	and	that	cancer	and	heart	disease	are	all	in	the	genes?”	These	are
legitimate	questions,	and	the	answers	are	a	crucial	part	of	this	story. In	order
to	get	to	these	answers,	however,	I	believe	that	it	is	essential	for	us	to	know
how	information	is	created	and	how	it	reaches	the	public	consciousness. As	you	will	come	to	see,	much	is	governed	by	the	Golden	Rule:	he	who
has	the	gold	makes	the	rules. There	are	powerful,	influential	and	enormously
wealthy	industries	that	stand	to	lose	a	vast	amount	of	money	if	Americans
start	shifting	to	a	plant-based	diet. Their	financial	health	depends	on
controlling	what	the	public	knows	about	nutrition	and	health. Like	any	good
business	enterprise,	these	industries	do	everything	in	their	power	to	protect
their	profits	and	their	shareholders. You	might	be	inclined	to	think	that	industry	pays	scientists	under	the	table
to	“cook	the	data,”	bribes	government	officials	or	conducts	illegal	activities. Many	people	love	a	sensational	story. But	the	powerful	interests	that	maintain
the	status	quo	do	not	usually	conduct	illegal
business. As	far	as	I	know,	they
do	not	pay	scientists	to	“cook	the	data.”	They	do	not	bribe	elected	officials	or
make	sordid	underhanded	deals. The	situation	is	much	worse. The	entire	system—government,	science,	medicine,	industry	and	media—
promotes	profits	over	health,	technology	over	food	and	confusion	over	clarity. Most,	but	not	all,	of	the	confusion	about	nutrition	is	created	in	legal,	fully
disclosed	ways	and	is	disseminated	by	unsuspecting,	well-intentioned	people,
whether	they	are	researchers,	politicians	or	journalists. The	most	damagingaspect	of	the	system	is	not	sensational,	nor	is	it	likely	to	create	much	of	a	stir
upon	its	discovery. It	is	a	silent	enemy	that	few	people	see	and	understand. My	experiences	within	the	scientific	community	illustrate	how	the	entire
system	generates	confusing	information	and	why	you	haven’t	heard	the
message	of	this	book	before. In	the	following	chapters,	I	have	divided	the
“system”	of	problems	into	the	entities	of	science,	government,	industry	and
medicine,	but,	as	you	will	come	to	see,	there	are	instances	where	it	is	nearly
impossible	to	distinguish	science	from	industry,	government	from	science	or
government	from	industry.13
Science—The	Dark	Side
W
HEN
	I
WAS	LIVING	IN	A	MOUNTAIN	VALLEY
	outside	of	Blacksburg,	Virginia,	my
family	enjoyed	visiting	a	retired	farmer	down	the	road,	Mr.	Kinsey	who
always	had	a	funny	story	to	tell. We	used	to	look	forward	to	evenings
listening	to	his	stories	on	his	front	porch. One	of	my	favorites	was	the	great
potato	bug	scam. He	told	us	of	his	farm	days	before	pesticides,	and	recounted	that	when	a
potato	crop	became	infested	with	potato	bugs,	the	bugs	had	to	be	removed
and	killed,	one	by	one,	by	hand. One	day,	Mr.	Kinsey	noticed	an
advertisement	in	a	farm	magazine	for	a	great	potato	bug	killer,	on	sale	for	five
dollars. Although	five	dollars	was	no	small	sum	of	money	in	those	days,	Mr.
Kinsey	figured	the	bugs	were	enough	of	a	hassle	to	warrant	the	investment. A
short	while	later,	when	he	received	the	great	potato	bug	killer,	he	opened	the
package	and	found	two	blocks	of	wood	and	a	short	list	of	three	instructions:
Pick	up	one	block	of	wood. Place	the	potato	bug	on	the	flat	face	of	the	wood. Pick	up	the	second	block	of	wood	and	press	firmly	onto	the	potato	bug. Scams,	tricks	and	outright	deception	for	personal	gain	are	as	old	as	history
itself,	and	perhaps	no	discipline	in	our	society	has	suffered	more	from	this
affliction	than	the	discipline	of	health. Very	few	experiences	are	as	personal
and	as	powerful	as	those	of	people	who	have	lost	their	health	prematurely. Understandably,	they	are	willing	to	believe	and	try	just	about	anything	that
might	help. They	are	a	highly	vulnerable	group	of	consumers. In	the	mid-1970s,	along	came	a	prime	example	of	a	health	scam,	at	least
according	to	the	medical	establishment. It	concerned	an	alternative	cancertreatment	called	Laetrile,	a	natural	compound	made	largely	from	apricot	pits. If	you	had	cancer	and	had	been	unsuccessfully	treated	by	your	regular	doctors
here	in	the	United	States,	you	may	have	considered	heading	to	Tijuana,
Mexico. Washington	Post	Magazine
	documented	the	story	of	Sylvia	Dutton,	a
fifty-three-year-old	woman	from	Florida,	who	had	done	just	that	as	a	last
attempt	to	thwart	a	cancer	that	had	already	spread	from	her	ovaries	to	her
lymph	system. 1
	Friends	and	fellow	churchgoers	had	told	her	and	her	husband
about	the	Laetrile	treatment	and	its	ability	to	cure	advanced	cancer. In	the
magazine	article,
1
	Sylvia’s	husband	said,	“There	are	at	least	a	dozen	people	in
this	area	who	were	told	they	were	going	to	be	dead	from	cancer	who	used
Laetrile	and	now	they’re	out	playing	tennis.”
The	catch,	however,	was	that	Laetrile	was	a	highly	contentious	treatment. Some	people	in	the	medical	establishment	argued	that	animal	studies	had
repeatedly	shown	Laetrile	to	have	no	effect	on	tumors. 1
	Because	of	this,	the
U.S.	Food	and	Drug	Administration	had	decided	to	suppress	the	use	of
Laetrile,	which	gave	rise	to	the	popular	clinics	south	of	the	border. One
famous	hospital	in	Tijuana	treated	“as	many	as	20,000	American	patients	a
year.”
1
	One	of	those	patients	was	Sylvia	Dutton,	for	whom	Laetrile
unfortunately	did	not	work. But	Laetrile	was	only	one	of	many	alternative	health	products. By	the	end
of	the	1970s,	Americans	were	spending	$1	billion	a	year	on	various
supplements	and	potions	that	promised	magical	benefits. 2
	These	included
pangamic	acid,	which	was	touted	as	a	previously	undiscovered	vitamin	with
virtually	unlimited	powers,	various	bee	concoctions	and	other	supplement
products	including	garlic	and	zinc. 2
At	the	same	time	in	the	scientific	community,	more	and	more	health
information,	specifically	nutrition	information,	was	being	generated	at	a
furious	pace. In	1976,	Senator	George	McGovern	had	convened	a	committee
that	drafted	dietary	goals	recommending	decreased	consumption	of	fatty
animal	foods	and	increased	consumption	of	fruits	and	vegetables	because	of
their	effects	on	heart	disease. The	first	draft	of	this	report,	linking	heart
disease	and	food,	caused	such	an	uproar	that	a	major	revision	was	required
before	it	was


low temperatures, providing the cooking temperature is maintained for sufficient time. When white rats were fed a 15
to 21 per cent ration of cottonseed oil heated at only 95
degrees C. over a long period, the animals rapidly lost weight,
developed diarrhea, and were affected with enlarged liver,
kidneys, and adrenals. All animals died within three weeks. In another set of experiments, a group of white rats was fed
liberally upon heated, hydrogenated fats, and the control
group was given a similar amount of unprocessed fats. All rats were then given butter-yellow, a known cancer-
producing substance. Every rat on the hydrogenated fat diet
developed tumors or cancer, whereas not one receiving the
uncooked fats was so affected. Dr. Lane has reported
experiments in which 54 rats were given rations of brown lard heated to 350 degrees C. for thirty minutes. Thirty-seven
per cent of these animals developed papillomas tumors of the
forestomach and malignant tumors of the glandular stomach. Of rats given a similar ration of unheated lard, only 5.7 per
cent of the animals developed tumors. Even this small percentage might be attributed to the fact that the so-called
unheated lard had been heat-processed to some degree during
manufacture. And last but not least are the celebrated
experiments of the late Dr. Angel Roffo of Argentina. Dr.
Roffo found that all fats heated to "browning" temperatures
increased the tendency of experimental animals to develop
cancer. The most damaging of fats were found to be those fried at high temperatures. THE POTTENGER EXPERIMENTS
   Perhaps the most important of all the animal experiments
with raw and cooked foods are those of Dr. Francis Pottenger, Jr., one of the world's great physicians and food scientists. These were conducted at the long established Pottenger
Sanitarium in Monrovia, California, and covered a ten-year period. Both white rats and cats were employed. Rats given
heated milk suffered from many kinds of deterioration, and
the change in trabeculation of the bones was particularly
noticeable. With the cats the experiments were reported in
great detail and covered a large number of animals. A total of 900 cats were studied, and complete records were kept of
nearly 600 of them. Through generation after generation the
animals were studied, and Dr. Pottenger has issued the
detailed results of the experiments as they apply to growth, reproduction, and all phases of the animals' health. In these tests the animals were fed upon meat-scraps
(including the muscle, bone, and viscera), milk, and cod liver oil. The animals were divided into various groups, depending
upon the condition, whether heated or unheated, in which
their foods were given. Some of the cats were fed entirely
upon raw meat and raw milk; others were given two-thirds
cooked meat and one-third raw milk. In some cases raw meat and pasteurized milk were used. A number of cats were also
fed sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk, or raw
metabolized vitamin D milk with raw meat. Cod liver oil was
used by all animal groups. The cats fed entirely upon raw meat and raw milk remained
in excellent health in all cases. Physical development was
virtually perfect and the cats reproduced in homogeneity from one generation to the next, maintaining large skulls and
thoraxes, broad faces with prominent malar and orbital
arches, broad and well-formed dental arches, adequate nasal cavities, and large and long bodies. The cats were quite free
from vermin, infections, and pa rasites. The membranes were
firm and of good pink color. All evidence of degeneration
was absent. Abortion occurred very seldom; the size of the
average litter was five, and all of the mother cats nursed their young in a normal manner. The cats possessed excellent
equilibrium. Organic development was complete and normal
physical and mental function was the general rule. Death
resulted only from old age or injuries sustained in fighting. None of the cats died from disease. Cats which were fed the cooke d-meat scraps were defective
in many respects. They were smaller in build and the bones were smaller in diameter. In some cases the bones would grow out of proportion, with the hind legs being much longer
than the forelegs. The animals did not reproduce in
homogeneity, each kitten being of a different skeletal pattern. There were variations of facial structure similar to those of human beings. Configuration of the skulls was different in
each individual cat. Often there would be marked failure in
the development of the upper lip and in some cases a
mandibular protrusion. Dental conditions would usually remain fairly good in the
first generation, though gingiv itis occasionally developed. Second generation animals usually had much smaller primary teeth than normal and there was irregular spacing of teeth. Bleeding of gums would increase considerably. Some teeth
would be lost. In the third generation loss of most of the teeth
through decalcification and pyorrhea would be common. Dental development was generally so irregular that the
development of the whole face was interfered with. There was severe impairment of bone composition in all
cases. The calcium content would fall from the normal 12 to
18 per cent of bone weight in healthy animals to 8 to 12 per
cent in the first generation, 3½  to 7 per cent in the second
generation, and finally 1½  to 3 per cent in the third
generation. The phosphorus content also became progressively less, and by the third generation the bones
would be very porous and similar to rubber. This resulted in bowlegs, distorted spines, and other deformities. Reproductive efficiency was greatly lowered. Abortion ran
from 25 per cent in the first generation to as high as 70 per
cent in the second generation. Deliveries were very difficult
and many cats died in labor. Often the mother was unable to lactate. The mortality rate of the kittens was very high, many
of them being even too frail to nurse. In a number of cases the
mother would steadily decline in health following birth of the kittens and die about three months later. Others had
increasing difficulty with subsequent pregnancies and some
failed to become pregnant. In the males there was disturbance
of genital development and descent of the testes. Sterility was
so common that raw-food males had to be used for all
breeding purposes. Development of the secondary sexual characteristics was
incomplete. The degree of masculinity and femininity was
lessened and cats of both sexes tended to become more
neutral in appearance. For instance, X-ray pictures showed
that skulls of third generation cooked-fed animals had neutral
profiles for both sexes, as contrasted to the difference in raw-fed animals. At the same time sex interest was ver
y slack ; in many cases it was perverted, with some cats developing into
true homosexuals. Most of the cats fed cooked meat were very irritable and
would occasionally viciously bite the keeper. Intestinal
parasites and vermin were very common. Skin lesions and
allergies became worse from one generation to the next. Pneumonia and empyema were the most common causes of
death in the adult stock; a great number died from diarrhea
followed by pneumonia. No cats survived the sixth month of
life in the third generation. Among the diseased conditions
that were found upon autopsy were: osteomyelitis, cardiac lesions, hyperopia, thyroid disease, hepatitis, nephritis,
paralysis, meningitis, cystitis, arthritis, rickets, enlarged
colon, bronchitis, fatty infiltration of the muscles, rachitic
rosary of the ribs, and enlarged bladder. Cats fed upon a combination of two-thirds pasteurized milk
and one-third raw meat presented much of the same
deterioration as the other animals. Reproductive efficiency was lowered; skeletal structur es were severely impaired;
dental irregularity and gingivitis were common, and all
kittens showed some form of deficiency in development. Cats
fed evaporated milk were damaged even more, and sweetened
condensed milk produced the most marked deficiencies of all. Even the raw metabolized vitamin D milk (from cattle fed
irradiated yeast) proved harmful. The males showed osseous
disturbances following its use, and the adult males died
within 10 months, with the young males failing to live beyond even the second month. In some instances cats which had been fed either cooked
meat or one of the forms of heated or vitamin D milk would be placed upon a completely raw diet, which would be
continued in subsequent generations. Improvement in
resistance to disease was noticed in the first and second generations in the "regenerating" animals, though there were
still allergic manifestations, and reproduction was erratic. In
the third generation there was considerable further
improvement, and by the fourth generation some of the
animals returned to completely normal skeletal and tissue
form. From these experiments, as well as all others which have
been reported, results of feeding raw and cooked foods under
laboratory conditions become readily apparent. It follows
that, almost without exception, experimental animals thrive
well upon an exclusive diet of raw foods. With general
uniformity they immediately suffer from various forms of deterioration—
physical, sexual, and mental—when given various forms of cooked foods. It has indeed been shown that
members of certain animal species fail to reach maturity and
reproduce if sufficient cooked foods are included in their diet. The degree of


 his body. The effects
of that enema made a powerful impression on me. This is just one experience I’ve had and I could tell about hundreds more. Grandmother used enemas to take care of the bowel for the same reason that people in early cultures used herbs. They didn’t have
any scientific reason for using herbs, but experience showed they worked. They used herb tea for the kidneys because it worke d. In
Mexico, they use Manzanita tea; in the Causasus, they use Camomile tea. Over the years, the specific uses of herbs have becom e
more or less catalogued so we know what effects they have upon specific organs in the body. Enemas also work. However, I don’ t
think our work in this area is complete. One of the first things doctors often say is that you can’t reabsorb toxic material from the bowel; and I once believed that too. I
graduated from college with those ideas, but I found in practice that when we take care of the bowel condition from an enema
standpoint, there is a certain amount of water retained in the bowel and immediately after, there is an excess amount of wate r going
through the kidneys. The person urinates a good deal. I began to wonder, was it p ossible that the water went through the bowel to
the kidneys without taking some of the waste material along with it? Years ago, we used to take urinalyses of people, and ind ican
was one of the things we always tested for. Indican revealed the toxic materi al absorbed from some parts of the body, usually from
the bowel, and eliminated through the kidneys. Today, indican is not checked in urinalysis. In fact, the bowel isn’t consider ed
important enough to take care of. I have seen books in our universities th at claim one bowel movement every five days may be
considered normal. However, normal in today’s world does not necessarily mean healthy. DETOXIFICATION: THE PATH TO IMPROVED HEALTH
Detoxification is often neglected, overlooked or underestimated in the healing arts, despite the fact that all health profess ionals
realize that a sick body is a toxic body. Toxic acids are normal products of cell catabolism, and we also assimilate varying  amounts
of toxic material from the air we breathe, the food we eat and other environmental sources. When these can be eliminated from  the
body, there is no problem. But when toxins are being assimilated or created in the body faster than they can be gotte n rid of, or
when one or more of the eliminative systems are underactive, trouble lies ahead. I am convinced that toxic accumulations in t he
body create the necessary preconditions for disease to develop. DEVELOPING A TOXIC COLON
I believe that when the bowel is underactive, toxic wastes are more likely to be absorbed through the bowel wall and into the
bloodstream from which they become deposited in the tissues. If any eliminative system is underactive, more wastes are retain ed
in the body. As toxins acc umulate in the tissues, increasing degrees of cell destruction take place. The digestion becomes poor and
partially digested material adds to the problem because the body cannot make good tissue out of half -digested nutrients. Proper
function is slowed in all body tissues in which toxins have settled. When anyone has reached the degenerative disease stage, it is a
sign that toxic settlements have taken the body over. This is the time when we have to consider detoxification - the cleansing of
body tissues. O ur bodies can be overwhelmed by toxic accumulations as a consequence of fatigue, poor circulation and improper
diet. When we detoxify the body, we must also take care of those things so we aren’t simply spinning our wheels. I want to
emphasize that an unde ractive body burdened with toxic wastes does not have the capability of Growing off those toxins. As a
body becomes increasingly toxic, proper oxidation cannot take place in the tissues. Without oxygenation, we lack energy and a
tired body continues the do wnward spiral. It can’t throw off toxins. Sick people are always tired people. WORKING TOWARD A HEALTHY BOWEL
Perhaps because of the bowel’s central position of importance among the eliminative organs, some health professionals of the past
became “bowel m inded.” We have discovered that it is much better to be “whole body” minded and to start out with a complete
tissue detoxification. A healthy bowel requires sufficient water, good nerve tone, good muscle tone, adequate circulation and  the
right biochemical  nutrients in the right amounts. These, however, are not sufficient to bring health to a dirty, toxic -laden bowel. Cleansing must come first, then tissue rebuilding can take place. This is not an easy task and I don’t believe anyone can do a good
job in le ss than a year’s time. This estimate is based on the time it has taken to see healing lines coming into dark, chronic bowel
areas of the irides after a patient has gone through a cleansing and rejuvenation program. Our bodies expel a certain amount of
toxic materials every day. Medical lab tests have been developed to check whether toxin levels in the blood, urine, feces or mucu s
are normal. Furthermore, there are tests for the skin, hair and saliva to tell what toxins are being eliminated. By means of these
tests, chemical imbalance may be recognized. THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER ELIMINATION
Of all the processes essential to good health, we find that proper elimination is certainly one of the most important, and wh en we
consider systems of the body, it is appa rent that good bowel management is necessary. I must admit that I did not realize the
importance of good bowel care until years of experience in the science of iridology proved to me, beyond the shadow of a doub t,
that the condition of the bowel tissue is often the key to the state of health or disease of the individual. I am convinced and truly
believe that our problems begin more in the bowel than any other part of the body. The body depends on a clean bowel. The
cleanliness of any tissue, i.e., kidney, s tomach, brain, depends upon what is found in the bowel. ORGANIC VERSUS FUNCTIONAL
There are two conditions in people that I always take care of right away. It is difficult to separate these conditions and ye t they
represent two ways of treatment. People a re dealing with both physical and mental imbalances and I get to the root of their
problem by finding out what they believe in, what is at the bottom of their troubles. If you believe a lie, then you live a lie. If you believe in happiness, desire happines s and know how to go about attaining
happiness, then chances are you are happy. However, the person who holds a vision of himself as diseased, distressed, blue,
trapped or unable to get well, has to be re -educated. They have created their own world and tra pped themselves in it. Many are
victims of percentage diagnoses - ”Your chances of getting well are only 30%,” and we have to erase this from their mind. We
have an organic condition and a functional condition. When we deal with an organic condition we hav e to change the tissue, we
have to change damaged cell structure, create a new chemical balance, promote better circulation; we have to remove obstructi ons,
pressure and other gravitational effects. These things are strictly physical and we find that the m ind alone cannot overcome them
very well. I believe that the mind has a tremendous effect on the physical body but that we must feed each aspect its own kin d of
food. In the organic or physical aspect, we use diet, corrective exercise and tissue cleansing. We feed the mind or functional aspect
of our being with education; teaching people to grow out of their problems, to change their attitude and consciousness. They must
learn to walk the higher path in thoughts, words and deeds. I have changed people’s cel l structure many times, actually showing
them the results with blood tests, but they still hang onto their old attitudes. They want to get well but don’t believe they  can. This
confused state is transferred to every cell in the body. This is why I question  people about their mental attitude; we have to see
where we are before we know where to go. CHAPTER 2
A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BOWEL
In order to better familiarize the reader with the scope of this book, the following discu ssion is provided. Proper bowel
management does not require one to be a bowel expert. It is helpful, however, to understand the basics of bowel anatomy and
physiology in order to more fully comprehend the message I have to share with you concerning good bo wel management. The bowel responds ideally to the laws of right living as outlined in this book. One must be aware of these laws and persever e to
follow them. The rewards in health and freedom from disease are more than worth the effort. THE SMALL INTESTI NE
When food has passed through the stomach by way of the mouth and esophagus, it enters the long, coiled tube called the small
intestine. Here is where about 90% of the absorption into the bloodstream of all food constituents takes place. By the time i t
reaches the small intestine, food from the mouth has been reduced by the action of chewing and digestive juices into a liquid
known as “chyme.” Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the mouth with saliva. Further digestion takes place


 to arrive at
your goal more than you want to be doing what you are doing, you
become stressed. The balance between enjoyment and structural tension
is lost, and the latter has won. When there is stress, it is usually a sign
that the ego has returned, and you are cutting yourself of f form the
creative power of the universe. Instead, there is only the force and strain
of egoic wanting, and
so you have to struggle and work hard to make it. Stress always
diminishes both the quality and ef fectiveness of what you do under its
influence. There is also a strong link between stress and negative
emotions, such as anxiety and anger. It is toxic to the body and is now
becoming recognized as one of the main causes of the so?called
degenerative diseases such as cancer and heart disease.Unlike stress, enthusiasm has a high ener gy frequency and so resonates
with the creative power of the universe. This is why Ralph W aldo
Emerson said that, Nothing great has ever been achieved without
enthusiasm. The word enthusiasm comes from ancient Greek en and
theos meaning God. And the related word enthousiazein means to be
possessed by a god. W ith enthusiasm you will find that you don't have to
do it all by yourself. In fact, there is nothing of significance that you can
do by yourself. Sustained enthusiasm brings into existence a wave of
creative ener gy, and all you have to do then is ride the wave. Enthusiasm brings an enormous empowerment into what you do, so that
all those who have not accessed that power would look upon your
achievements in awe and may equate them with who you are. Y ou,
however, know the truth that Jesus pointed to when he said, I can of my
own self do nothing. Unlike egoic wanting, which creates opposition
indirect proportion to the intensity of its wanting, enthusiasm never
opposes. It is non?confrontational. Its activity does not create winners
and losers. It is based on inclusion, not exclusion, of others. It does not
need to use and manipulate people, because it is the power of creation
itself and so does not need to take ener gy from some secondary source. The ego's wanting always tries to take form something or someone;
enthusiasm gives out of its own abundance. When enthusiasm encounters
obstacles in the form of adverse situations or uncooperative people, it
never attacks but walks around them or by yielding or embracing turns
the opposing ener gy into a helpful one, the foe into a friend. Enthusiasm and the ego cannot coexist. one implies the absence of the
other. Enthusiasm knows where it is going, but at the same time, it is
deeply at one with the present moment, the source of its aliveness, its
joy, and its power. Enthusiasm wants nothing because it lacks nothing. It
is at one with life and no matter how dynamic the enthusiasm?inspired
activities are, you don't lose yourself in them. And there remains always
a still but
intensely alive space at the center of the wheel, a core of peace in the
midst of activity that is both the source of all and untouched by it all. Through enthusiasm you enter into full alignment with the outgoing
creative principle of the universe, but without identifying with its
creation, that is to say, without ego. where there is no identification, thereis no attachment one of the great sources of suf fering. Once a wave of
creative ener gy has passed, structural tension diminishes again and joy in
what you are doing remains. Nobody can live in enthusiasm all the time. A new wave of creative ener gy may come later and lead to renewed
enthusiasm. When the return movement toward the dissolution of form sets in,
enthusiasm no longer serves you. Enthusiasm belongs to the outgoing
cycle of life. It is only through surrender that you can align yourself with
the return movement the journey home. T o sum up: Enjoyment of what you are doing, combined with a goal or
vision that you work toward, becomes enthusiasm. Even though you
have a goal, what you are doing in the present moment needs to remain
the focal point of your attention; otherwise, you will fall out of alignment
with universal purpose. Make sure your vision or goal is not an inflated
image of yourself and therefore a concealed form of ego, such as
wanting to become a movie star, a famous writer, or a wealthy
entrepreneur. Also make sure your goal is not focused on having this or
that, such as a mansion by the sea, your own company, or ten million
dollars in the bank. An enlar ged image of yourself or a vision of yourself
having this or that are all static goals and therefore don't empower you. Instead, make sure your goals are dynamic, that is to say, point toward an
activity that you are engaged in and through which you are connected to
other human beings as well as to the whole. Instead of seeing yourself as
a famous actor and writer and so on, see yourself inspiring countless
people with your work and enriching their lives. Feel how that activity
enriches or deepens not only your life but that of countless others. Feel
yourself being an opening through which ener gy flows form the
unmanifested Source of all life through you for the benefit of all. All this implies hat your goal or vision is then already a reality within
you, on the level of mind and of feeling. Enthusiasm is the power that
transfers the mental blueprint into the physical dimension. That is the
creative use of mind, and that is why here is no wanting involve. Y ou
cannot
manifest what you want; you can only manifest what you already have. Y ou may get what you want through hard work and stress, but that is not
the way of the new earth. Jesus gave the key to the creative use of mindand to the conscious manifestation of form when he said, 'Whatever you
ask in prayer, believe that you have received it, and it will be yours.A New Earth
T H E  F R E Q U E N C Y  H O L D E R S
The outward movement into form does not express itself with equal
intensity in all people. Some feel a strong ur ge to build, create, become
involved, achieve, make an impact upon the world. If they are
unconscious, their ego will, of course, take over and use the ener gy of
the outgoing cycle for its own purposes. This, however, also greatly
reduces the flow of creative ener gy available to them and increasingly
they need to rely on ef forting to get what they want. If they are
conscious, those people in whom the outward movement is strong will be
highly creative. Others, after the natural expansion that comes with
growing up has run its course, lead an outwardly unremarkable,
seemingly more passive and relatively uneventful existence. They are more inward looking by nature, and for them the outward
movement into form is minimal. They would rather return home than go
out. They have no desire to get strongly involved in or change the world. If they have any ambitions, they usually don't go beyond finding
something to do that gives them a degree of independence. Some of them
find it hard to fit into this world. Some are lucky enough to find a
protective niche where they can lead a relatively sheltered life, a job that
provides them with a regular income or a small business of their own. Some may feel drawn toward living in a spiritual community or
monastery. Others may become dropouts and live on the mar gins of
society they feel they have little in common with. Some turn to drugs
because hey find living in this world too painful. Others eventually
become healers or spiritual teachers, that is to say, teachers of Being. In past ages, they would probably have been called contemplatives. There is no place for them, it seems, in our contemporary civilization. On the arising new earth, however, their role is just as vital as that of the
creators, the doers, the reformers. Their function is to anchor the
frequency of the new consciousness on his planet. I call them the
frequency?holders.They are here to generate consciousness through the activities of daily
life, through their interactions with others as well as through just being. In this way, they endow the seemingly insignificant with profound
meaning. Their task is to bring spacious stillness into this world by being
absolutely Present in whatever they do. There is consciousness and
therefore quality in what they do, even the simplest task. Their purpose is
to do everything in a sacred manner. As each human being is an integral
part of the collective human consciousness, they af fect the world much
more deeply than is visible on the surface of their lives.A New Earth
T H E  N E W  E A R T H  I S  N O  U T O P I A
Is the notion of a new earth not just another utopian vision? Not at all. All utopian visions have this in common: the mental projection of a
future time when all will be well, we will be saved, there will be peace
and harmony and the end of our problems. There have been many such
utopian visions. Some ended in disappointment, others in disaster. At the core of all utopian visions lies one of the main structural
dysfunctions of the old consciousness: looking to the future for salvation. The


 white flour products. Some whole wheat
bread is made from whole wheat flour which is bleached with
about four times the quantity of chemical bleaching agents as
are used for ordinary white flour. This renders the bread unfit
for human consumption, just as it renders it unfit for infestation
by vermin. When bread containing bleached whole wheat flour
is fed to experimental animals, the animals actually die more
rapidly than when given ordinary white bread. But the situation is not without hope. While the general
milling and baking industry of this country follows the line of
campletely refined and bleached grains products, every individual
miller has not done so. There still do exist sources of genuine
whole grain flour, and natural food outlets still sell some bakery
products made entirely from wholesome ingredients. Whole
brown rice, whole wheat and rye kernels, and other whole grains
are available. Flour may be freshly ground in the home with the
aid of small hand-operated or motor-driven flour mills. Whole
grains may also be allowed to sprout and used effectively in their
uncooked state. Whole grain products may thus be prepared in
the home with little loss of time and important gains in the
quality of the dietary. In view of the fact that nearly one-third of the American diet
is composed of products made from refined grain, the cumula-
tive effects of these foods on the state of health must be one of
great consequence. Unfortunately such effects are now on the
detrimental side rather than helpful. By using only whole grain
flour and whole grain products, and consuming as much of the DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
food as possible in its uncooked state, together with liberal t
amounts of raw sprouted grain, the effects of grain will be turned I
in the opposite direction. The body will be given adequate nour-
ishment and a much greater immunity to disease may be expected. The food which now constitutes a virtual staff of death may then
be looked upon as the real staff of life. IV Refined Swgar
s UGAR IS A CHEMICAL COMPOUND
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. As the source of the elements
and methods of sugar synthesis differ, the various forms of sugar
are classified: dextrose, found in fruits and honey; fructose or
levulose, also found in fruits and honey; lactose, found in milk;
sucrose, found in maple sap and sugar cane, and glucose, formed
by the action of sulphuric acid on starch. The value of sugar in human nutrition is based entirely upon
its calorie content, and thus the food constituent is useful to
supply energy and fuel to the body. As found in nature it is com-
bined with a wide variety of minerals, vitamins, and other nutri-
tional factors. Foods rich in sugar are hence of great importance. The sugar itself supplies an important physiological need, and
its combination with other important vitalizing factors provides
the body with an important source of nutriment. In the earliest of times the chief sources of sugar were honey
and ripe fruit. Sugar cane grew in Asia and was perhaps a food
of the natives. In the thirteenth century sugar cane was intro-
duced into Europe and became the chief source of sugar to the
people of that continent. By the eighteenth century the sugar
cane industry commenced to develop in America, and in the
following century sugar was extracted from sugar beets in both
Europe and America. By this time advanced mechanical methods
had been developed to separate the sugar from the remainder of
the plant. The end-product then was brown sugar, which still
possessed some flavor and a very small percentage of the minerals DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
and vitamins originally present in the plant. This material was
made on the sugar cane plantation and then shipped directly to
the retail outlets and consumers. Toward the close of the nineteenth century came the devel-
opment of the modern refinery. This carried the sugar cane
through the ultimate and complete state of refinement, after
which the remaining product was of a pure-white color and over
99 per cent pure carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The last traces
of minerals and vitamins had now been removed. This final phase of sugar refining completely revolutionized
the industry and was accomplished in a single year through a
clever advertising ruse. The advertising was done by the refiner,
not the plantation, and the purpose was to insure that all sugar
produced was shipped to the modern refinery prior to the con-
sumer, and thus provide the refiner with a profit on all sugar
produced. In 1898 many important newspapers and magazines
in America carried advertisements displaying the picture, magni-
fied zoo times, of a dreadful looking creature described in appear-
ance as a cross between a lizard and a louse. This was said to be
the "disgusting insect7' (producing "disgusting diseases") which
was found in brown sugar. Needless to say, the resulting horror
that spread among housewives was sufficient to all but wipe out
the sale of brown sugar throughout the nation. The total process of refining sugar is a long and complicated
procedure. The beets are sliced, then treated with very hot water
until all the sugar is extracted in the form of diffusion juice. Lime
is then added, and carbonic acid derived from a lime kiln is blown
through it until the lime is converted into a carbonate which
carries away the mineral elements and other "impurities" of the
juice. The juice is passed through the filter press, then evaporated,
and finally bleached with bone-black to give it a pure white color. Cane sugar goes through an even more elaborate process. After
the juice is extracted it is mixed with lime and often subjected to
the fumes of burning sulphur. Salts of tin or bluing are used in
washing the sugar in a centrifugal, and the various forms of acid
phosphates are frequently employed in clarifying the cane juices. [ 26 I REFINED SUGAR
Bone-black is again used for bleaching, and evaporation follows. The remaining solids are white sugar, which is later granulated. The finished product is more than 99 per cent sugar. It is an
unbalanced food, completely devoid of all minerals, vitamins,
and other accessory nutrients normally found in natural foods. One of the single disadvantages of white sugar lies
in its damaging effects upon the teeth. When sugar ferments in
the mouth, certain acids arise which are an ideal medium for the
lactobacillus micro-organism, which is known to be destructive
to tooth enamel. When the sugar is combined with other food
factors, as are found in natural foods, the bacterial tendency to
destroy enamel appears to be lessened or eliminated altogether. The harmful bacteria need free sugar in which to live. This is
ideally supplied in refined form, but not in natural form. There
are no pure sugars found in nature. Our natural high-sugar foods
normally contain an assortment of enzymes, vitamins, and other
activators and nutritive factors which tend to prevent the pres-
ence of free sugar in the mouth fluids. Thus people who use
considerable quantities of raw sugar cane and other natural car-
bohydrate foods may have excellent teeth, whereas those using
the refined product often suffer from dental decay in its worst
forms. This is born out by important experiments. At the University
of Michigan School of Dentistry, Dr. Philip Jay placed fifty
children on a diet rich in candy and other high-sugar foods. The
control group included 120 children who used a diet low in
refined sugar content. Within five months clinical evidence
of dental caries appeared in 44 per cent of the first group, com-
pared to the presence of caries in only 13 per cent when the
experiment started. The lactobacillus count increased an average
of 80 per cent in the children and then rapidly dropped when
the experiment was over and less sugar consumed. In the control
group, the lactobacillus count increased only 28 per cent. Dr. Herman Becks, professor of dental medicine at the Uni-
versity of California, conducted two separate five-year studies on
the relationship of refined sugar in the diet to dental decay. DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
Altogether, 1,542 individuals were observed for a full year after
they eliminated all products containing refined sugar from their
diet. Some of the subjects suffered severely from dental decay
prior to the dietary restriction, but improvement was rapid and
consistent in almost all cases. In the first study, from 1938 to
1943, 62 per cent of the subjects developed no caries for the year
after the dietary change; in the later studies, from 1943 to 1948,
even greater improvement was noted, and fully 81 per cent
remained caries-free during the year-long observation period. A
marked drop in the lactobacillus count was registered within
two to three weeks after the dietary restrictions went into effect. In 1934, Doehne, Bunting, and Morrel studied a group of 169
orphanage children, from seven to sixteen years of age who had
lived for several years on a low-sugar institutional diet. Although
many of the children had open cavities formed prior to their
coming to the institution, there was a remarkably low incidence
of active dental caries. Seventy to eighty per cent of the children
had no new caries over a period of several


mentality type, and 300 per 1000 of backward or retarded persons, persons of distinctly inferior
intelligence. In other words, nearly one-third of the whole population of that state is of a type to
require some supervision." The problem of lowered mentality and its place in our modern conception of bodily diseases has
not been placed on a physical basis as have the better understood degenerative processes, with
their direct relationship to a diseased organ, but has generally been assigned to a realm entirely
outside the domain of disease or injury of a special organ or tissue. Edward Lee Thorndike, (8) of
Columbia University, says that "thinking is as biological as digestion." This implies that a
disturbance in the capacity to think is directly related to a defect in the brain. Another of the distinguished students of mental capacity, J. B. Miner, (9)  states:
   If morality and intellect are finally demonstrated to be correlated throughout the whole range
of individual differences, it is probably the most profoundly significant fact with which society
has to deal. The origin of backwardness in a child seems to have been assigned very largely to some
experience in that child's life which becomes a conditioning factor and which thereafter strongly
influences his behavior. The problem of the relation of physical defects to delinquency in its various
phases, including major crime, constitutes one of the most alarming aspects of our modern
problems in social degeneration. Chassell (10) has made an exhaustive study of the reports from
workers in different fields in several countries and summarizes her finding as follows: "The
correlation between delinquency and mental inferiority as found in the case of feeble-minded
groups is clearly positive, and tends to be marked in degree. "7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 16/250   Burt, (11) who had made an extensive study, over an extended period, of the problems of the
backward child and the delinquent child in London, states in his summary and conclusion with
regard to the origin of backwardness in the child:
    Both at London and at Birmingham between 60 and 70 per cent belong to the (innately) "dull"
category.... In the majority the outstanding cause is a general inferiority of intellectual
capacity, presumably inborn and frequently hereditary. In discussing the relationship between general physical weakness and the mentally backward, he
writes:
    Old and time-honoured as it must seem to the schoolmaster, the problem of the backward
child has never been attacked by systematic research until quite recently. We know little about
causes, and still less about treatment.... Thirdly, though the vast majority of backward
children--80 per cent in an area like London--prove to be suffering from minor bodily ailments or
from continued ill-health, nevertheless general physical weakness is rarely the main factor. Among the many surveys made in the study of the forces that are responsible for producing
delinquency and criminality, practically all the workers in this field have testified to the obscure
nature of those forces. Burt (12) says that, "it is almost as though crime were some contagious
disease, to which the constitutionally susceptible were suddenly exposed at puberty, or to which
puberty left them peculiarly prone." He emphasizes a relationship between delinquency and
physical deficiency:
    Most repeated offenders are far from robust; they are frail, sickly, and infirm. Indeed, so
regularly is chronic moral disorder associated with chronic physical disorder that many have
contended that crime is a disease, or at least a symptom of disease, needing the doctor more
than the magistrate, physic rather than the whip........ The frequency among juvenile delinquents of bodily weakness and ill health has been
remarked by almost every recent writer. In my own series of cases nearly 70 per cent were
suffering from such defects; and nearly 50 per cent were in urgent need of medical treatment.... Of all the psychological causes of crime, the commonest and the gravest is usually alleged to be
defective mind. The most eminent authorities, employing the most elaborate methods of
scientific analysis, have been led to enunciate some such belief. In England, for example, Dr.
Goring has affirmed that "the one vital mental constitutional factor in the etiology of crime is
defective intelligence." In Chicago, Dr. Healy has likewise maintained that among the personal
characteristics of the offender "mental deficiency forms the largest single cause of
delinquency." And most American investigators would agree. The assertion of the obscurity of the fundamental causative factors of delinquency constitutes
one of the most striking aspects of the extensive literature that has been accumulated through the
reporting of intensive studies made by workers in many countries. Thrasher, (13)  in discussing the nature and origin of gangs, expresses this very clearly:
    Gangs are gangs, wherever they are found. They represent a specific type or variety of
society, and one thing that is particularly interesting about them is the fact that they are, in
respect to their organization, so elementary, and in respect to their origin, so spontaneous. Formal society is always more or less conscious of the end for which it exists, and the
organization through which this end is achieved is always more or less a product of design. But
gangs grow like weeds, without consciousness of their aims, and without administrative
machinery to achieve them. They are, in fact, so spontaneous in their origin, and so little
conscious of the purposes for which they exist, that one is tempted to think of them as
predetermined, foreordained, and "instinctive," and so, quite independent of the environment in
which they ordinarily are found. No doubt, many cities have been provided, as has Cleveland, with a special school for
delinquent boys. The institution there has been given the appropriate title, the "Thomas A. Edison
School." It usually has an enrollment of 800 to 900 boys. Dr. Watson, (14) who has been of
outstanding service in the organization of this work, makes an important comment on the origin of
the student population there:7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 17/250   The Thomas A. Edison student population consists of a group of truant and behavior boys,
most of them in those earlier stages of mal-adjustment which we have termed predelinquency.... In general, they are the products of unhappy experiences in school, home and community. They are sensitive recorders of the total complex of social forces which operate in and combine
to constitute what we term their community environment. It will be seen from these quotations that great emphasis has been placed upon the influence of
the environment in determining factors of delinquency. Hooton, the distinguished physical anthropologist of Harvard, has made important observations
regarding our modern physical degeneration. As an approach to this larger problem of man's
progressive degeneration, he has proposed the organization and establishment of an Institute of
Clinical Anthropology, (15)  the purpose of which he has indicated:
... for finding out what man is like biologically when he does not need a doctor, in order to
further ascertain what he should be like after the doctor has finished with him. I am entirely
serious when I suggest that it is a very myopic medical science which works backward from the
morgue rather than forward from the cradle. Very important contributions have been made to the forces that are at work in the development
of delinquents through an examination of the families in which affected individuals have appeared. Sullenger, (16)  in discussing this phase, states:
    Abbott and Breckinridge found in their Chicago studies that a much higher percentage of
delinquent boys than girls were from large families. However, Healy and Bronner found in their
studies in Chicago and Boston that the large family is conducive to delinquency among children
in that the larger the family the greater percentage of cases with more than one delinquent. They
were unable to detect whether or not this fact was due to parental neglect, poverty, bad
environmental conditions, or the influence of one child on another. In each of the series in both
cities the number of delinquents in families of different sizes showed general similarity. As the investigations outlined in this study are reviewed, many problems not anticipated by the
writer when these investigations were undertaken will be presented. These new problems were
not, at first, generally thought of as related directly or indirectly to our modern racial degeneration,
but have been found recently to be so related. Since it will be seen that the size and shape of the head and sinuses, including the oral cavity and
throat, are directly influenced by forces that are at work in our modern civilization, we shall
consider the speaking and singing voice. In traveling among several of the primitive races, one is
frequently impressed with the range and resonance of many of the voices--in fact, by almost every
voice. We are quite familiar with the high premium that is placed on singing voices of exceptional
quality in our modern social order. This is illustrated by the following comment: (17)
   Tip-top Italian-style tenors have always been a scarce commodity, and for the past two
decades they have been growing scarcer and scarcer. Opera impresarios count on the fingers of
one hand the lust-high-voice Latins.... Since the death of Enrico Caruso (1921)


our.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>Summarize the following text section accurately and concisely. Maintain specific details and numerical information, and use anti-repetition mechanisms:

        For the range of chloride ion concentration found
in solutions that are in physiological equilibrium, the silver
chloride electrode is much more reproducible than the earlier
much-used zinc electrode and can be used in the same solution
that makes electrical contact with the living system, thereby
avoiding liquid junction potentials. Silver chloride electrodes have
been used by physical chemists in many exact electromotive
force determinations and have been found to be stable and repro
ducible to within ten microvolts or better, when directly com
pared in the same solution. The original electrodes were designated as Type Two by
Harned and consisted of silver obtained by heating silver oxide,
supported on a platinum wire, and silver chloride formed by
subsequent electrolysis in a hydrochloric acid solution. These
were complicated to make, cumbersome and difficult to apply
practically in the field. Moreover, the original requirem ent that
we should be able to measure voltage gradients down to a sensi
tivity of roughly ten microvolts, proved to be unimportant. In
the beginning, however-since it was not clear from the liter
ature just what magnitudes of the standing potential in living
systems might be expected-it was necessary to aim at maximum
sensitivity. Subsequently, however, many hundreds of thou
sands of determinations have made it abundant ly clear that in
most living systems, except perhaps the very small unicellular
systems, the voltages developed are of the order of millivolts. The current technique used to make electrodes to bridge the
gap between protoplasm and amplifier was devised with the aid
of a physical chemist, Dr. Leslie E. Nims, formerly of Yale and
now of Brookhaven. Fine silver wire or rod of any suitable dimen
sion is either chlorided by electrolysis in He} or KCI solution or,
following the recommendation of Shedlowsky, is dipped into
molten silver chloride which can be obtained at most manufactur
ing chemists. Usually, it is necessary to make many electrodes
and to pair them up so that between any two electrodes there is a
minimum of self-potential. 40 THE CO URSE AND THE COM PASS
In the early experiments the electrodes were placed in a physio
logical salt solution in reasonable ionic balance with the salt
content of living systems and connected the living protoplasm to
the electrode chamber by a salt bridge. For precision work, this is
probably the method of choice, but since the magnitudes are in
the order of millivolts, the whole procedure can be simplified very
considerably by using an inert salt paste. For this purpose, the Parke-Davis 'Unibase', developed as a
foundation for most of the skin creams, can be utilized if, to it,
is added sodium chloride. The concentration of sodium chloride in
the 'Unibase' paste does not seem to be greatly important for
ionic balance between the paste and the protoplasm can be
reached in a reasonable time. As a matter of interest, electrodes
imbedded in a 'Unibase' salt paste and placed in chambers in con
tact with the cambium of trees have been used for more than
two decades, with considerable success. Most of these electrode
placements will remain adequate over long periods of time--
weeks and months-but they can be replaced so readily that it
is not difficult to continue long-time studies using this technique. Since the type of measurement being made sets the conditions for
the type and dimensions of the electrodes, and since the areas to
be measured in a living system are limited only by the surface
area of the organism, specific directions for making electrodes and
electrode chambers can be omitted. With properly designed electrodes, measurements can be made
all over the surface of any living organism from slime mould,
through experimental animals, to and including man, with more
than adequate reproducibility. The ingenuity of the investiga tor
is the only limit on either the type of electrode to be used or the
placement of the electrode. In general, the electrode that is con
nected to the ground lead of the amplifier is usually put some
where on the Hving system at some distance from the area which
is being under investigation. The so-called 'hot' electrode, then, is
placed as dose as common-sense dictates to the area under in
Vestigation. What is recorded, therefore, is not specifically a value
or a magnitude that is in itself important, but the relationship
between any two values measured by the instrument. This makes
41 THE COUR S E AND THE COMPAS S
it clear that we are dealing with relatednesses, rather than abso
lute magnitude. It has been known since the time of Willard Gibbs that it is
impossible to assign a given magnitude to a potential of any
part of the material included between the two electrodes, or to
any phase boundary involved between the two electrodes. One
can only say as mentioned above, that we are dealing primarily
with a difference, a relatedness between the two points under
consideration reached by the two electrodes. Most specific phase
boundaries can be identified as the source of the voltage gradient. There are innumerable such phase boundaries in any living
system, each of which is an adequate source of a voltage gradient. All that we can record is the difference between the potential at
one point and that of another point in the living system. Since we are dealing with relatednesses, the whole point of
the technique described here is the change in this relatedness with
time. Moreover, since all living systems are individually unique,
differing from all other organisms of the same type, each indi
vidual system being measured has to serve as its own control. This
points again to the importance of change in the relatedness with
the passage of time. This does not hold that the potential differ
ences observed are without significance but simply that we are
unable with our present techniques to assign a value to a poten
tial difference at any point. Needless to say, one of the standard questions raised by all
this procedure is the source of the potential differences which
establish the field in the living system. It is perfectly clear from
all that we know about physical chemistry of solutions, even the
complex ones of living systems, that the measured electro-motive
force is derivable from inherent phase boundaries* to be found
whenever two or more states of matter exist side by side. It must be emphasized, however, that the methods of measure
ment used in our laboratories over the past thirty years,
must be followed rigidly and explicitly. After all, one is balanc
ing electron flow in one vacuum tube against an electron flow in
another, in a bridge arrangement. This means that one is dealing
* The term 'phase boundary' designat es the line of contact between
two dissimilar material substances. 42 THE COURSE AND THE COM PASS
with measuring devices akin to balancing a mercury drop on the
point of a needle. In our laboratory, this technique has worked,
but it has been clear that unless it is followed certainly and care
fully, variations will be found which are inexplicable and which
upset the validity of the measurements. 6
With our 'navigational instruments'-a high impedance am
plifier and silver-silver chloride electrodes working through salt
bridge in contact with living systems-we have been able to de
velop a technique which gives reliable results. With this it soon
became clear that every living system possesses an electrical field
of great complexi ty. This can be measured with considerable cer
tainty and accuracy and shown to have correlations with growth
and development, degeneration and regeneration, and the orienta
tion of component parts in the whole system. Perhaps more inter
esting that anyone thing, this field exhibits remarkable stability
through the growth and developm ent of an egg. It was a basic requirement of this field theory that it be
assumed to he a primary characteristic of Nature, in general, and
of living systems, in particular. It possesses many, if not all, of
the properties necessary to control movement and position of all
charged particles within this system. It has those necessary
vector or directional properties which are of vital necessity for
any understanding of how growth and developm ent can occur
under careful, rigid control. The electrical phenomena associated with the field must be
considered to be a primary attribute of Nature, a cause of the
arrangement of all the component parts in Nature, not only
living but also non-living systems. In other words, the working
hypothesis of the studies to be reported here is that the Field is
basic with the necessary power and directional properties to de
termine the processes inherent in the growth and developmen t of
any living system. The field is primary and from it stem all the myriads of con-
43 THE COURS E AND THE COMPAS S
sequences which are to be seen in Nature. The specific data which
so strongly support this assumption, at least insofar as our present
knowledge goes, will be presented in detail in the following pages. 44 CH AP TER THREE
The Female Field
1
We were ready to set sail. We had developed the navigational
instruments and techniques to guide us over uncharted seas to
wards a hypothetical goal. But these seas we hoped to explore-the electro-dyn amic