ime at this level. distribution of the respective ener gy
Cultural Correlations
fields and with high social prestige,
levels among the world's populationThe ener gy fields below 200 are most
In the mid-300s we find upper accomplishment and corresponding
would resemble the shape of a pagoda
common in extremely primitive
management, artisans and educators, with
social trappings. Both Einstein and Freud
roof, in that 85% of the race is below the
conditions where people eke out bare
an informed awareness of public events
calibrate at 499. But while the 400s are
critical level of 200, while the overall
subsistence. Clothing is sparse, illiteracy
and a world view that extends beyond the
the level of universities and doctorates,
average level of human consciousness
is the rule, infant mortality is high,
tribe, neighborhood, or city to the nation
they are also the source of the limited and
today is approximately 204.1 The power
disease and malnutrition are wide-spread,
at lar ge and its welfare. Social dialogue
limiting Newtonian vision of the universeof the relatively few individuals near the
and there is a vacuum of social power. becomes a meaningful matter of interest. and of the Cartesian split between mind
top counterbalances the weakness of the
Skills are rudimentary and center around
Survival has been assured by the and body (Newton and Descartes also
masses toward the bottom to achieve this
fuel and food gathering and shelter
acquisition of skills and information
calibrate at 499). overall average. As mentioned, only
preparation, and there is total dependence
adequate to function as a civilized
Just as the level 200 demarcates a critical
0.4% of the world's population calibrates
on the vagaries of the immediate
society. There is social mobility and
change of consciousness, 500 is a point at
at an ener gy field of 500 or over; a level
environment. This is the stone-age
flexibility and resources which enable awhich awareness makes another giant
of consciousness calibrating at 600 or
cultural level, little more than animal
limited amount of travel and other
leap. Although survival of the individual
over is reached by only one in ten
existence. stimulating recreation. is still important, the motivation of love
million. Populations characterized by the low
The 400s are the level of the awakening
begins to color all activities, and
At first glance these figures may seem
200s are typified by unskilled labor,
of the intellect, the locus of true literacy,
creativity comes into full expression,
improbable, but if we examine world
rudimentary trade, the building of simple
higher education, the professional class,
accompanied by commitment, dedication
conditions, we will quickly be remindedartifacts such as dug-out canoes and
executives and scientists. The home,
and expressions of charisma. Here
that the populations of whole temporary housing. Mobility begins to
devoid of reading material at the lower
excellence is common in every field of
subcontinents live at a bare subsis- (78)
express itself in the nomadic lifestyle,
levels, here exhibits magazines, human endeavor, from sport to scientific
tence level. Famine and disease are
and in populations that average a
periodicals and full bookcases. There is
investigation. Altruism becomes a
commonplace, frequently accompanied
somewhat higher consciousness,
an interest in educational broadcast
motivating factor, along with dedication
channels and a more sophisticated
37
38
to principles. Leadership is accepted
The majority of people utilize their lifeeventually making charity towards others
on alcohol or a drug despite serious
rather than sought. From this level
experiences to elaborate arid express the
one's primary focus, higher levels can
consequences, a condition exceeding the
emer ges great music, art and architecture
variations of their native ener gy field; it
certainly be attained--at least in theory; in
capacity of the addicted person to
and the capacity to uplift others by one's
is the rare individual who manages to
practice, great will is required. discontinue use of the substance unaided,
mere presence. move beyond it, although many may
Thus, though it is not ordinary to move
because the will itself has been rendered
In the upper 500s are found inspirational
make considerable internal improvement. out of one ener gy field into another
inef fective. But what is the essentialleaders who set an example for the rest of
The reason for this is more easily
during one's lifetime, the opportunity still
nature of addiction, and to what is the
society and, in their respective fields,
understandable when we see that what
exists. It remains for motivation to
addict really addicted? create new paradigms with far -reaching
defines one's level is motivation. activate that potential; without the The common belief is that it is the
implications for all of mankind. Although
Motivation proceeds from meaning, and
exercise of choice no progression will
addictive substance itself to which the
well aware themselves that they still have
meaning, in turn, is an expression of
occur. It is well to re-emphasize that the
victim has become addicted, because of
defects and limitations, people on this
context. Thus, achievement is bounded
progression of the calibrated powerthat substance's power to create a high
level are often seen by the general public
by context, which, when correspondingly
levels is logarithmic; thus, individual
state of euphoria. But if we re-examine
as out of the ordinary and may be
aligned with motivation, determines the
choice can have a mighty ef fect. The
the nature of addiction through the
recognized with emblems of distinction. individual's relative power. dif ference in power level, for instance,
methodology outlined herein, a dif ferent
Many in the mid-500s begin to have
The average advance of a mere five
between 361.0 and 361. 1 is very
formulation of the process emer ges. spiritual experiences of profound import
points in a lifetime is, of course, a
significant and capable of transforming
Alcohol or drugs do not in themselvesand become immersed in spiritual statistical figure, produced by, among
both one's life and one's ef fect on the
have the power to create a "high" at all;
pursuit. Some astonish their friends and
other things, the unfortunate fact that
world at lar ge. they calibrate at only 100 (the level of
(81) families by sudden breakthroughs into
people's cumulative life choices not
vegetables), The so-called "high" that the
new subjective contexts of reality. uncommonly result in a net lowering
of 6. NEW HORIZONS IN RESEARCH
drug or alcohol user experiences can
Consciousness at this level can be
their level of consciousness. As will be
OUR CONCERN THUS F AR has been
calibrate from 350 up to 600. The actual
described as vision and may focus on
enumerated in detail later (see Chapter
primarily to elucidate the structure of the
ef fect of drugs is merely to suppress the
uplifting society as a whale. From this
XXIII, p. 234), the influence of a veryanatomy of consciousness, with some
lower ener gy fields, thereby allowing the
level a few make the great leap to the
few individuals of advanced (82)
reference to the mechanisms of force and
user to experience exclusively the higher
region which calibrates at 600. At this
consciousness counterbalances whole
power. But ours is in no sense a purely
ones. It is as though a filter screened out
point an individual's life may become
populations at the lower levels. But,
theoretical subject. The unique nature of
all the lower tones coming from an
legendary. The signature of the 600s is
conversely, the extreme negativity of a
the research method described herein
orchestra, so that all that could be heard
compassion, pervading all motivation
few perverse individuals can sway entire
allows exploration of hitherto were the high notes. The suppr ession of
and activity.cultures and produce a global drag on the
inaccessible areas of potential the low notes does not cr eate the high
general level of consciousness, as history
knowledge. It is as applicable to the most
ones, it mer ely r eveals them. Progression of Consciousness
illustrates too well. Kinesiological testing
prosaic practical questions as to the most
W ithin the levels of consciousness, the
Although the levels we have described
indicates that a mere 2.6% of the human
advanced theoretical explorations. Let us
higher frequencies are extremely
span great variation, it is not common for
population, identifiable by an abnormal
investigate a few general examples. powerful, and few people routinely
individuals to move from one level to
kinesiological polarity (testing strong to
experience these as pure states because
another during their lifetimes. The ener gy
negative attractors and weak to positiveSocial Problems
they are masked by lower ener gy fields
field which is calibrated for an individual
attractors), account for 72% of society's
Drug and alcohol addiction is a crucial
of anxiety, fear, anger, resentment, etc. at birth only


 of it. A thorough understanding of
business, with honesty and indu stry, removes all worries
and saves nerve - energy. Worry does not build efficiency;
neither is inefficiency removed by worrying. Worry, lack of
control over the emotions, improper eating, stimulants, all
build disease. Nothing is so conducive to poise  as a thorough
understanding of one’s personal habits and occupation. Bluff and bluster may put the idea of efficiency “across” to
the people for a time; but, as surely as chickens come home
to roost, the truth will out. Worry, even though presenting a
smooth exterior, will break through; the worker will break
down —disease will claim him for its own. Housewives
who carry a burden of worry become enervated and lose
health. The cause of their worry is lack of control of eating, lack of control of the emotions, lack of care of the body,
and lack of efficiency. Instead of resolutely going to work
to remove all the defects, they are downed by them. An
uncontrollable temper must be downed, or it will down the
one who gives way to it. Gossip is not an admirable qua lity,
and, unless overcome, it will in time drive friends away. Envy and jealousy are cancers that eat the soul out of those
who indulge them. What is left to love when the soul is
gone. When anyone, from indolence and health -destroying
habits, allows  himself to gravitate below the standard
expected of him by his friends, he must not be surprised
when they run away from him. Who are the old people who are left alone. Those who
have lived selfish lives —who have demanded
entertainment when they shou ld have been entertaining
themselves. Happiness and entertainment must come from
within —from a love of service, work, books. If this
fountain of youth and pleasure is not found before old age
creeps over us, we shall find ourselves alone. Even in the
midst  of a throng we shall be alone, forever alone. What
could be more pathetic. Self-Indulgence. —Self-indulgence is contrary to ethics and brings its condemnation. What about the ethics of
gluttons —what about their religion. Excess in everything
follows o n the heels of abnormal selfish indulgence. Coming under this head are self -pity and a desire for cure. Extravagant habits, even if there is an inexhaustible supply,
builds a self -destructive morale, on the heels of which, like
a nemesis, runs the trail to  premature death. The causes are
called heart disease, apoplexy, paralysis, kidney disease,
suicide, etc. ; but what is in a name. Names are all
misleading; for the cause —first, last, and all the time —is a
selfish body and mind —destructive self -indulgence. A study of nature reveals the fact that man must live for
service; not giving alms, but helping others to help
themselves. Self -indulgence in the use of stimulants, even in
moderation, is a constant drain on the nervous system; and
a time comes w hen the last cigar, the last cup of coffee, the
last hearty meal, snaps the vital cord; and the contingency
is always unexpected and a surprise. Overwork is said to enervate; but this is an excuse behind
which are hidden many bad habits that kill, rat her than the
work. Work without pleasure in the work is enervating and
disease -building; an unsatisfied mind —a desire to engage in some other work before efficiency has been attained in
the work engaged in; more desire for pay than to do good
work. A work is never well done until it takes on the
individuality of the worker. We should work with the
creative instinct. Our work should be created in the image
of its creator —love of the creator —of the work’ not the
emoluments. Dissatisfaction and overwork ed emotions are enervating. Worry, fear, grief, anger, passion, temper, overjoy,
depression, dissatisfaction, self -pity, pride, egotism, envy,
jealousy, gossip, lying, dishonesty, failing to meet
obligations and appointments, taking advantage of
misunderst andings, abusing the credulity of friends,
abusing the confidence of those who confide in us —all
enervate and in time build incurable disease. Grief. —Grief is enervating. Those who are very
enervated and toxemic will be prostrated by grief, and,
unless put to bed and kept warm and quiet, and without
food, may die. Food eaten under such circumstances will
not digest, but acts as a poison. Some people are made
invalids for life by a great grief. Shock. —Shock, mental or physical, may enervate so
greatly as to kill by heart failure, or be followed by permanent nervousness. Wrong eating or overeating may
prevent a return to health. The shell -shock that many
soldiers suffered during the World War was converted into
permanent invalidism by tobacco and oth er enervating
habits. Certainly overeating prevents a return to health. Anger. —Anger is very enervating. A daily shock of anger
will build profound enervation. A temper that flies at the
slightest provocation ruins digestion and builds
nervousness. Un less controlled, epilepsy may evolve, and
cancer may end life. The chronic grouch is liable to build
ulcer or cancer of the stomach. Those who cannot control
their temper often build rheumatic arthritis, hard arteries,
gall-stone, and early old age. Egotism. —Because of self -love, selfishness, misanthropy,
and distrust, the egotist sees unfriendliness in all the acts of
others —every hand is against him. This causes enervation
and Toxemia, which lead on to many nervous
derangements, and even insanity. A misanthrope loves self
above everything and everybody. The moment the nearest
and dearest friend is suspected, the friend’s head comes off
figuratively. The egotist hates all who fail to feed his
vanity. Hate and anger are always on tap, but draped with a
mocking smile when finesse or stratagem demands. Friendship, honor, honesty, and veracity must go when self-interest is being impinged upon or neglected. Men of
this type have no gratitude. They demand everything, and
give nothing without an ulterior motiv e. Where egotism is
mild, it may not go beyond a disagreeable, overbearing
selfishness. Selfishness. —A selfish nature always looks after self first. A common type of selfishness is interpreted as love of
children. But when a son or daughter marries ag ainst the
father’s wish, disinheritance follows.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>
Q: What is the primary cause of enervation and disease, according to the author?,
A: Overindulgence in food and wrong habits.
Q: What is the author's stance on giving food to someone who is sick?,
A: The author advises against giving food to the sick, as it can worsen their condition.
Q: What is the author's view on the role of doctors in curing disease?,
A: The author believes that doctors often do not address the root cause of the disease and instead focus on treating symptoms.
Q: What is the author's advice for maintaining good health?,
A: The author emphasizes the importance of self-control, self-awareness, and moderation in all aspects of life.
Q: What is the author's approach to overcoming disease and enervation?,
A: The author suggests that people should identify and eliminate the root causes of enervation and toxemia, rather than relying on medical treatment or medication.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>YOUR BODY’S MANY CRIES FOR WATER
F. Batmanghelidj, M.D.DISCLAIMER
The information and recommendations on water intake presented in this book are based on training, personal
experience, very extensive research, and other publications of the author on the topic of water metabolism of the
body. The author of this book does not dispense medical advice or prescribe the use or the discontinuance of any
medication as a form of treatment with out the advice of an attending physician, either directly o r indirectly. The intent
of the author, based on the most recent knowledge of micro-anatomy and molecular physiology, is only to offer
information on the importance of water to well-being, and to help inform the public of the damaging effects of
chronic dehydration to the body—from childhood to old age. This book is not intended as a replacement for sound
medical advice from a physician. On the contrary, sharing of the information contained in this book with the
attending physician is highly desirable. Application of the information and recommendations described herein are
undertaken at the individual's own risk. The adoption of the information should be in strict co mpliance with the
instructions given herein. Very sick persons with past history of major diseases and under professional supervision,
particularly those with severe renal disease, should not make use of the information contained herein without the
supervision of their attending physician. All the recommendations and procedures herein contained are made without guarantee on the part of the author or
the


 raised. Shake up and down rapidly 36 times, at about tw o quakes per sec
ond. Relax the unoccupied lef t leg and right arm while shaking. Then switch arms and legs, and shake another 36 times. Recapture tire Sprin,(! 181 ANCIENT SECRE TS FOR MODERN LOVERS
K.ITTEN STRETCH
This is a longevity exercise that benefits the central nervous sys
tem and the chi meridians. Stand with your feet slightly apart and your arms stretching
out horizontally to left and right. Relax and exhale, while moving
your arms slowly toward each other and slantingly downward un
til they are parallel and pointing forward at a 45-degree angle
to the floor. Inhale and move your arms back to their original
position. Do this 8 times. Next kneel down, lean forward, and
support your upper body on your palms, with your arms stretch
ing down vertically. Bend your elbows so that your head almost
touches the floor while your buttocks are raised high. Move your
head forward while inhaling, as if trying to lick the floor with
your tongue-don't actually do it! Move your head backward, ex
haling. Stretch forward and backwar d a total of 64 times. Then
stand up and repeat the arm movement 8 times. Although it looks relaxed and smooth, the kitten stretch could
be quite strenuous, especially when you first practice it. Do not
strain for the required number of stretches, but stop whenever
you feel tired. After a number of days, increase the stretches grad
ually until you can do 64 without strain. SALIVA FOUNTAIN
This is a drinking exercise-you will be drinking your own saliva. Close your lips but not your teeth. Use the tip of your tongue
to explore and sweep everywhere inside your closed mouth
palate and floor, gums, between gun1 and cheek. The tongue
sweep stin1ulates the saliva glands. Sweep tor 3 minutes, or until a
large quantity of saliva has been collected. Then swallow it in
three gulps. The exercise n1ay be practiced between partners. As a
love gan1e it will be described in chapter 1 5. Alone, you nuy do this fron1 tin1e to tin1e during the day. It
not only aids digestion and alleviates bad breath, but irrigates
your systen1 as well. Saliva is still not fully understood; what an
cient Taoists called the elixir of tht· Red Lotus Peak has been
found by n1odern scientists to contain various enzyn1es and anti
septics and a sex honnone. TEETH CHATTER
This practice strengthens the teeth and gums, and gives some of
the benefits of the Saliva Fountain. Close your mouth and chatter your teeth resounding ly 36
times. Next hold the forehead with one hand and the jaw with the
other. With firm but gentle force of your hands, move the jaw to
the left and right of the forehead 36 times. After a while this
should produce a mouthful of saliva. Swish the saliva inside your
closed mouth; then swallow it in three gulps. It must be noted that all these sexually oriented exercises
like all Chinese exercises for health purposes -are gentle, slow,
and aimed at long-term results. The traditional Chinese concept
of health and fitness is different from the Western version. Instead
of pumping iron, lifting weights, or jogging to exhaustion to
"shape up" the body and strengthen external muscles, the Chi
nese prefer to work on their internal organs. They believe that
healthy, strong vital ogans mean smooth, tr ouble-free circula
tion, respiration, digestion, excretion, and procreation. Only
professional acrobats and kung fu devotees punish their bodies
with strenuous, "no pain, no gain" exercises. But even they must
strengthen themselves internally before they feel safe to build
themselv es up externally. Judging by modern standards of physiology and sexology,
these erotic exercises and therapy appear to benefit sexual muscles,
sexual nerves, and even hormonal secretion. The Taoist belief in
energizing sexual chi through meditative deep breathing, whether
it can be proved in the laboratory or not, may be an added benefit. Recapture the Spring 14
The Alch emy of Desire
Enhanc ing Love-Play
SOPH ISTIC ATED LOVE RS OFTEN ENJOY a refinement of sexuality,
which depends largely on what may be called the alchemy of de
sire. The ancients intended for this alchemy to achieve the ul
timate harmony of Yin and Yang, in which the dual elements
endlessly energize each other with sexual chi. Like the alchemist s
who experimented with a wide variety of substances in the cruci
ble, ingenious lovers are ever creative in their love-play. But n1ere
creativity and experimentation are only part of the picture: love
requires senti1nent, passion, and affection; and play the ability to
tantalize, seduce, and frolic whin1sically. Ancient sexologists such as the Elemen tal Maid, the Arcane
Maid, and the Mystic Master of the Grotto all advised fun and
frolic before intercourse, so as to energize the partners for a re
warding sexual union. For people today, with a stressful lifestyle
and accon1panying sexual problcn1s, rnodern sexologists increas
ingly recognize that love-play is essential to satist:Ktory se xual in
tercourse. The "sensate f(.1cus" exercises devised by Masters and
Johnson to treat sexual dysfunctions betwt·en partners now arc
rcconlnll'IH.kd by tnost conternporary sexologists. BRIDGING THE SEXUAL GAP
The lovt·-pby suggested by ancient and n1odern st•xologists has
several t'sscntial functions. t)ne is to bridge what 1nay be callt·d the sex gap. While n1en and won1en arc very n1uch alike in having
basic sexual urges, they arc quite different, physiologic ally and
psychologically, in their sexual responses. If we ignore this and
other ditlerences, we n1ay pay a terrible price in bed. For exan1plc, nll'n arc at their biological sexual peak between
the ages of sixteen and twenty. hut won1cn peak between twenty
and thirty. Sexual arousal patterns arc also different between the
sexes. Although there arc always exceptional individuals, and ex
ceptional tin1cs for the san1c individual. the general patterns for
men and for won1cn arc consistent: Other factors being equal, a
n1an normally is aroused easily. and can get an erection in a few
seconds. But as a rult� it takes longer for a woman to be aroused. She needs a longer and wider variety of stimulation, both physi
cal and en1otional. Alfred Kinsey found that of the husbands he surveyed, three
out of four ejaculated within two minutes during coitus; a more
recent American study reveals a longer time of ten minutes. This
is definitely an improvement but is still no blessing for many
won1en who in active intercourse require more time to reach or
gasm. In other words: The average man comes on strong, but soon
falls off the cliff The average woman climbs slowly to her peak
and, once she is there, wafts down slowly or goes from peak
to peak. Men often have considered themselv es the stronger sex be
cause of their physical prowess and apparently greater muscular
ity, their love of combat, and their highly visible phallus. Because
of hormonal and other differences, however, won1en are more re
sistant to pain and disease; they live longer than men; they are the
survivors in life. The ancient Taoists, prizing resilience over
rigidity, inaction over action, and insisting that the weak can con
quer the strong, considered women the stronger sex not only in
life but also in bed. As far as sexual activity is concerned, there are at least two ap
proaches to bridging the dismal and often neglected gap between
the sexes: The languid female sexual response may be accelerated
with love-play, or the hair-trigger male response may be decele
rated with orgasmic brinkmanship. Better than either approach,
of course, is a combination of both. According to ancient Chinese sexologists and some recent re
searchers, erotic love-play and prudent coitus promote healthy The Alchemy C'f Dtsirt ANCIENT SECR ETS FO R MODERN LOVE RS
186 longevity. Scientists today believe that if a person is relaxed and
happy, and engages in or even thinks about sex, his body sends
nerve signals to the brain and produces a host of body chemicals
neuropeptides and hormones -that can alleviate illness, improve
health, and even prolong life. SEx AND THE SENSES
When love-play is practiced as foreplay to coitus, it helps pace the
partners for a satisfactory union; it can be enjoyed also as an end in
itself Love-play runs, or should run, the gamut of our senses:
sight, touch, smell, taste, hearing. Just as


 out e ven that wasn’t going to be
enough. The investigation was coming out of the U.S.
Attorney’s Office in Charleston, South Carolina, so it was
suggested that the senior executives also line up
attorneys licensed to practice there. So now we were
talking about hiring thirty to forty attorneys, plus two
firms fo r the company. If I hadn’t been stunned by the
raid, I was certainly going to be stunned by what it meant
to defend yourself against it. I couldn’t relate to suddenly being thrust into this
situation. I knew absolutely nothing about criminal
matters; I had never even thought about the subject. This
made m e very naive about the  inherent danger I could be
facing. If I had been left on my own, I probably would
have figured that since I didn’t do anything, I should just
go i n and talk  to the gover nment. Fortunately, I was
surrounded by  savvy businesspeople who knew that you
don’t do  anyth ing until you c onsult an attorney and find
out what’s going on. I certa inly learned the wisdom of
that advice as events unfolded. Over the next few weeks, WebMD’s board hired
Williams and Connolly to represent the company. This
firm wa s not the largest in Washington, but it had thereputation of being one of the best for this sort of case. I
asked Jim Mercer, since he w as the attorney I respected
the most, to h elp me select m y attorney. I was a novice
and he was an  expert. I really appreciated all the help
and support I got from him. Jim steered me to an
attorney at Williams and Connolly who gave me a list of
highly r espected criminal lawyers whom he had worked
with in the pa st. It seemed like such a big decision. I
wouldn’t have any idea how to interview a top-notch
criminal attorney. I followed Jim’s advice and started to
set up preliminary meetings with some of the attorneys—
but in my heart, I knew I was going to leave this decision
up to the flow of life. As i t turned ou t, events unfolded such that I met with
only one attorney, Randy Turk. Randy was a senior
partner with Baker Botts, one  of the country’s oldest and
most re spected law firms. His résumé read like a Who’s
Who in the white-collar criminal defense world. It ran
from su ccessfully defending Hughes Aircraft Company
against a $400 million claim by the U.S. government
regarding repair of the Hubble space telescope, to being
one of the key  lawyers on th e defense team for Michael
K. D eaver, Reagan White Hou se deputy chief of staff, at a
trial of allegations of perjury and obstruction of justice. The list went on and on. Of all the info rmation I could gather about Randy, it
was something  the attorney at Williams and Connolly
said tha t influenced me the most. He had heard that I
had a ponytail and lived in the woods. He told me that of
all t he top def ense attorney s he knew, Randy was the
most avant-garde. The attorney felt that based on what
he had heard about me, Randy and I would get along
great. I met Randy for the first time in New York. He flew in
for the WebMD shareholder meeting to meet with me
and Jim Mercer, who was hel ping me select my attorney. I was immediately comfortable with Randy. He had beendefending peo ple against government charges for more
than thirty years. He practiced in Washington and was
obviously very successful. Ra ndy seemed to be intrigued
by the case an d my unique background. He had learned
what he could from his contact at Williams and Connolly,
and Jim and I proceeded to tell him what we knew. WebMD had gotten a much b etter idea of the focus of
the government’s investigation by the time Randy and I
met. As we had  suspected, Bobby Davids was behind all
of this. After the company had successfully subpoenaed
his hidden bank accounts in early 2003, Bobby knew he
was caught. It was just a matter of time before we
realized that he had stolen a lmost six million dollars in
kickbacks and embezzlement schemes. He was going to
prison for a ve ry long time. But Bobby was a con man,
and app arently a very good o ne. He had certainly conned
us for years while managing to carry out his fraud
undetected. In March 2003, Bobby Davids embarked on
the con  of his life—how to avoid punishment for what he
had done. He walked into th e U.S. Attorney’s Office in
Charleston, So uth Carolina, near where he lived, and
presented himself as a whistle-blower. He told the
federal authorities that he was an executive who had
been involved in massive accounting fraud at a public
company. He admitted that a s part of this fraud he had
taken kickbacks for himself and a few others, but he was
prepared to turn in the entire upper management team if
the government was prepared to cut him a deal. For the next si x months leading up to the raid, while
WebMD attor neys were openly investigating all that
Davids and his group had done, Bobby Davids was
secretly hand-f eeding the government an intricate web of
lies. Davids was, in fact, a CPA in charge of the entire
dealer acquisition program. As such, he had detailed
knowledge of every acquisition and every supporting
document. Davids was com pletely free to create the
entire frame of reference for the government about thecompany and its executives. With the skill of a Picasso,
he was painting a masterpie ce on the blank canvas of
people’s minds. All he had to do was be sure he told the
story in  a way that would later be supportable by the
documents they would find. He knew there was not
going to be any hard evide nce found to support his
“world accordi ng to Bobby.” But if he says that he was
told to do a dea l in a certain way, and he could later show
that, indeed, the deal was done that way—that would
support his story. The prob lem is that it would not
support the “he was told” part. But if he tells the
government in vestigators what they’re going to find, and
they keep finding it, that wou ld lend credence to the rest
of his story. Eventually, he would earn their confidence. If know ledge is power, then Bobby Davids had all the
power. In that early interaction with  the government, he
was the one with all the knowledge. Randy explained that this was not an unusual
situation. The government fo rms a view and then tries to
find evidence to support that  view. That is what the FBI
was currently doing with the mass of documents taken
during the raid. Randy said t he problem with that many
documents is that you can always find a way to make
them sa y what  you want. On  that ominous note, Randy
agreed to defend me to the best of his ability, and we
shook h ands. I  could never h ave known the odyssey we
were about to embark on t ogether. Nor could I have
known how close our friendship would become. All I
knew at  the time was that the same flow of life’s events
that had led me into this mess had just led me to my lead
attorney. Following this flow was my great experiment,
and there was no turning back now.5 2. U n i t e d  S t a t e s  o f  A m e r i c a  v. M i c h a e l  A. S i n g e r
F our months had passed since the raid, and we still knew
very litt le about what was go ing on. I continued to feel
confident that as the government investigators worked
their wa y throu gh the documents and interviewed people
in the compan y, they would realize that Bobby and his
group w ere the  only ones who  had done anything wrong. The hea dlines had stopped, and everything was relatively
back to  normal in our daily lives. Randy came down to
Alachua once or twice, as did a few members of his team. Since we didn’t know what case the government was
trying to build, and they ha d taken all the documents
from 1997 through 2003, there was not much legal work
we coul d be doing. The only thing the executives could
do w as start getting our attor neys up to speed regarding
our business and personal histories. Randy selected a South Carolina attorney for me, John
Simmons, and shortly thereafter John came down to see
me. I was very impressed with him. John had been the
U.S. attorney for South Carolina in the past and was now
in priva te practice. As we spe nt the day together, and he
saw what I had  built over the years with the business and
the Tem ple, he grew more and more dismayed at what
was going on. H e told me he knew the prosecutor leading
the investigation, and she was a fine, intelligent woman. Like ev eryone else


is	kind	of	work	and
persona	that	makes	this	world	a	better	place. Similarly,	Drs. Caldwell	Esselstyn,	Jr.,	and	John	McDougall	(and	Ann	and
Mary,	respectively)	generously	agreed	to	participate	in	this	book. Their
dedication	and	courage	are	inspiring. All	of	this	was	possible,	of	course,	because	of	the	exceptional	start	given
to	me	by	my	parents,	Tom	and	Betty	Campbell,	to	whom	this	book	is
dedicated. Their	love	and	dedication	created	for	me	and	my	siblings	more
opportunities	than	they	ever	dreamed	of	having. I	must	also	credit	my	colleagues	who	have	worked	to	discredit	my	ideas
and,	not	infrequently,	me	personally. They	inspire	in	a	different	way. They
compel	me	to	ask	why	there	is	so	much	unnecessary	hostility	to	ideas	that
should	be	part	of	the	scientific	debate. In	searching	for	answers,	I	have	gained
a	wiser,	more	unique	perspective	that	I	could	not	have	considered	otherwise. Lastly,	I	must	thank	you,	the	taxpaying	American	public. You	funded	my
work	for	more	than	four	decades,	and	I	hope	that	in	telling	you	the	lessons
I’ve	learned,	I	can	begin	to	repay	my	debt	to	you. —T	Colin	Campbell,	Ph.D. In	addition	to	all	those	listed	previously,	I	acknowledge	my	parents. My
involvement	in	this	book	was,	and	still	is,	a	gift	from	them	I	shall	cherish	for
the	rest	of	my	life. Words	cannot	describe	my	good	fortune	in	having	parents
who	are	such	wonderful	teachers,	supporters	and	motivators. Many	lifetimes	of	work	from	many	different	people	went	into	creating	the
ideas	and	information	in	this	book. I	am	humbled	and	thankful	to	play	a	rolein	making	these	ideas	known	and	inspired,	in	turn,	to	dedicate	my	own	career
to	those	of	you	searching	for	better	health. —Thomas	M.	Campbell,	II,	MDContents
Copyright
Introduction
Part	I:	The	China	Study

1. Problems	We	Face,	Solutions	We	Need

2. A	House	of	Proteins

3. Turning	Off	Cancer

4. Lessons	from	China
Part	II:	Diseases	of	Affluence

5. Broken	Hearts

6. Obesity

7. Diabetes

8. Common	Cancers:	Breast,	Prostate,	Large	Bowel	(Colon	and	Rectal)

9. Autoimmune	Diseases	183
10. Wide-Ranging	Effects:	Bone,	Kidney,	Eye	and	Brain	Diseases
Part	III:	The	Good	Nutrition	Guide
11. Eating	Right:	Eight	Principles	of	Food	and	Health
12. How	to	Eat
Part	IV:	Why	Haven’t	You	Heard	This	Before? 13. Science—The	Dark	Side
14. Scientific	Reductionism15. The	“Science”	of	Industry
16. Government:	Is	It	for	the	People? 17. Big	Medicine:	Whose	Health	Are	They	Protecting? 18. Repeating	Histories
Appendix	A.	Q&A:	Protein	Effect	in	Experimental	Rat	Studies
Appendix	B. Experimental	Design	of	the	China	Study
Appendix	C.	The	“Vitamin”	D	Connection
ReferencesPreface
T.	C
OLIN
	C
AMPBELL
,	at	his	core,	is	still	a	farm	boy	from	northern	Virginia. When	we	spend	time	together	we	inevitably	share	our	stories	from	the	farm. Whether	it	is	spreading	cow	manure,	driving	tractors	or	herding	cattle,	both	of
us	share	a	rich	history	in	farming. But	from	these	backgrounds,	both	he	and	I	went	on	to	other	careers. It	is
for	his	other	career	accomplishments	that	I	came	to	admire	Colin. He	was
involved	in	the	discovery	of	a	chemical	later	called	dioxin,	and	he	went	on	to
direct	one	of	the	most	important	diet	and	health	studies	ever	conducted,	the
China	Study. In	between,	he	authored	hundreds	of	scientific	papers,	sat	on
numerous	government	expert	panels	and	helped	shape	national	and
international	diet	and	health	organizations,	like	the	American	Institute	for
Cancer	Research/World	Cancer	Research	Fund. As	a	scientist,	he	has	played
an	instrumental	role	in	how	our	country	views	diet	and	health. And	yet,	as	I	have	gotten	to	know	Colin	on	a	personal	level,	I	have	come
to	respect	him	for	reasons	other	than	just	his	list	of	professional
accomplishments. I	have	come	to	respect	him	for	his	courage	and	integrity. Colin	seriously	questions	the	status	quo,	and	even	though	the	scientific
evidence	is	on	his	side,	going	against	the	grain	is	never	easy. I	know	this	well
because	I	have	been	a	co-defendant	with	Oprah	Winfrey	when	a	group	of
cattlemen	decided	to	sue	her	after	she	stated	her	intention	not	to	eat	beef. I
have	been	in	Washington,	D.C.,	lobbying	for	better	agricultural	practices	and
fighting	to	change	the	way	we	raise	and	grow	food	in	this	country. I	have
taken	on	some	of	the	most	influential,	well-funded	groups	in	the	country	and	I
know	that	it’s	not	easy. Because	of	our	parallel	paths,	I	feel	connected	to	Colin’s	story. We	started
on	the	farm,	learning	independence,	honesty	and	integrity	in	small
communities,	and	went	on	to	become	established	in	mainstream	careers. Although	we	both	had	success	(I	still	remember	the	first	seven-figure	check	I
wrote	for	my	massive	cattle	operation	in	Montana),	we	came	to	realize	that
the	system	we	lived	in	could	use	some	improvements. Challenging	the	systemthat	provided	us	with	such	rewards	has	demanded	an	iron	will	and	steadfast
integrity. Colin	has	both,	and	this	book	is	a	brilliant	capstone	to	a	long	and
dignified	career. We	would	do	well	to	learn	from	Colin,	who	has	reached	the
top	of	his	profession	and	then	had	the	courage	to	reach	even	higher	by
demanding	change. Whether	you	have	interest	in	your	personal	health	or	in	the	wretched	state
of	health	in	the	United	States,	this	book	will	richly	reward	you. Read	it
carefully,	absorb	its	information	and	apply	it	to	your	life. —Howard	Lyman,	author	of
Mad	CowboyForeword
I
F	YOU	ARE	LIKE	MOST
	A
MERICANS	TODAY
,	you	are	surrounded	by	fast	food
chain	restaurants. You	are	barraged	by	ads	for	junk	foods. You	see	other	ads,
for	weight-loss	programs,	that	say	you	can	eat	whatever	you	want,	not
exercise	and	still	lose	weight. It’s	easier	to	find	a	Snickers	bar,	a	Big	Mac	or	a
Coke	than	it	is	to	find	an	apple. And	your	kids	eat	at	a	school	cafeteria	whose
idea	of	a	vegetable	is	the	ketchup	on	the	burgers. You	go	to	your	doctor	for	health	tips. In	the	waiting	room,	you	find	a
glossy	243-page	magazine	titled
Family	Doctor:	Your	Essential	Guide	to
Health	and	Well-being. Published	by	the	American	Academy	of	Family
Physicians	and	sent	free	to	the	offices	of	all	50,000	family	doctors	in	the
United	States	in	2004,	it’s	full	of	glossy	full-page	color	ads	for	M


our	NAS	report	on	the	agriculture	and
food	industries. Olson,	Jukes,	Harper	and	their	like-minded	colleagues	on	the
now	defunct	Public	Nutrition	Information	Committee	weighed	in	as	experts. Their	report	was	quickly	published,	then
placed	in	the	hands	of	all	535	U.S.
congressional	members. It	was	clear	that	the	CAST	was	deeply	concerned
about	the	possible	impact	that	our	report	might	have	on	the	public. The	CAST	wasn’t	the	only	group	that	stepped	up	to	criticize	the	report. In
addition,	there	were	the	American	Meat	Institute,	National	Broiler	Council,
National	Cattlemen’s	Association,	National	Livestock	and	Meat	Board,
National	Meat	Association,	National	Milk	Producers	Federation,	National
Pork	Producers	Council,	National	Turkey	Federation	and	United	Egg
Producers. 3
	I	wouldn’t	presume	to	know	how	much	cancer	research	the
National	Turkey	Federation	conducts,	but	I’m	guessing	that	their	criticism	of
our	report	was	not	born	out	of	their	desire	for	truth	in	science. It	was	ironic	that	I	had	learned	some	of	my	most	valuable	lessons	growing
up	on	a	dairy	farm,	and	yet	the	work	I	was	doing	was	portrayed	as	being	at
odds	with	agricultural	interests. Of	course,	these	mammoth	corporate	interests
were	far	removed	from	the	farmers	I	knew	growing	up—the	hardworking,
honest	families	that	maintained	small	farms,	just	big	enough	to	get	by
comfortably. I	often	have	wondered	whether	these	Washington	agricultural
interests	truly	represent	America’s	great	farming	tradition,	or	whether	theyonly	represent	agricultural	conglomerates	with	operations	worth	tens	of
millions	of	dollars. Alf	Harper,	who	had	written	a	strong	letter	of	support	for	my	first	faculty
position	after	leaving	MIT,	wrote	me	a	stern	personal	letter	in	which	he
declared	that	I	had	“fallen	on	[my]	own	petard.”	A	petard	is	a	type	of	bomb	or
firecracker. Apparently,	my	involvement	in	the	Public	Nutrition	Information
Committee	and	the	NAS
Diet,	Nutrition	and	Cancer
	report	was	finally	too
much	for	even	him	to	bear. Times	were	hot,	to	be	sure. Congressional	hearings,	in	which	I	testified,
were	held	on	the	NAS	report	itself;
People
	magazine	featured	me	in	a
prominent	article,	and	an	endless	series	of	news	media	reports	continued	over
the	next	year.AMERICAN	INSTITUTE	FOR	CANCER
RESEARCH
It	seemed	that	for	the	first	time	in	our	history,	the	government	was	seriously
thinking	about	what	we	eat	as	a	means	of	controlling	cancer. This	was	fertile
territory	for	doing	something	new,	and	something	new	did	indeed	fall	into	my
lap. I	was	invited	to	assist	a	new	organization	called	the	American	Institute
for	Cancer	Research	(AICR)	in	Falls	Church,	Virginia. The	founders	of	this
organization	were	fund-raisers	and	had
learned	that	it	was	possible	to	raise,
through	mailing	campaigns,	large	sums	of	money	for	cancer	research. It
seemed	that	many	people	were	interested	in	learning	something	new	about
cancer	beyond	the	usual	model	of	surgery,	radiation	and	cytotoxic	drugs. This	budding	organization	was	well	aware	of	our	1982	NAS	report
4
	that
focused	on	diet	and	cancer,	and	so	invited	me	to	join	them	as	their	senior
science	advisor. I	encouraged	them	to	focus	on	diet	because	the	nutrition
connection	with	cancer	was	becoming	an	important	area	of	research,	yet	was
receiving	very	little,	if	any,	support	from	the	major	funding	agencies. I
especially	encouraged	them	to	emphasize	whole	foods	as	a	source	of
nutrition,	not	nutrient	supplements,	partly	because	this	was	the	message	of	the
NAS	report. As	I	began	to	work	with	the	AICR,	two	challenges	simultaneously	arose. First,	the	AICR	needed	to	get	established	as	a	credible	organization	to
promote	the	message	and	to	support	research. Second,	the	NAS
recommendations	needed	to	be	publicized. Therefore,	I	thought	it	made	sense
for	the	AICR	to	help	publicize	the	NAS	recommendations. Dr.	Sushma
Palmer,	executive	director	of	the	NAS	project,
4
	and	Harvard	professor	Mark
Hegsted,	who	was	the	key	advisor	to	the	McGovern	Committee,	agreed	to
join	me	in	endorsing	this	AICR	project. Simultaneously,	the	AICR	president,
Marilyn	Gentry,	suggested	that	the	AICR	could	publish	the	NAS	report	and
send	free	copies	to	50,000	physicians	in	the	U.S. These	projects,	which
seemed	to	me	to	be	logical,	useful	and	socially	responsible,	were	also	highly
successful. The	associations	we	were	making	and	the	exposure	we	were
generating	were	aimed	at	increasing	the	public’s	health. As	I	was	quick	to
find	out,	however,	creating	an	organization	focused	on	diet	as	a	central	link	in
cancer	causation	was	seen	as	a	threat	to	a	great	many	people. It	was	clear	that
the	AICR’s	projects	were	beginning	to	hit	the	mark	because	of	the	hostile
feedback	coming	from	the	food,	medical	and	drug	industries. It	seemed	that
every	effort	was	being	made	to	discredit	them. I	was	surprised	that	government	interference	was	particularly	harsh.National	and	state	attorney	general	offices	questioned	the	AICR’s	status	and
its	fund-raising	procedures. The	U.S.	Post	Office	joined	in	the	fray,
questioning	whether	the	AICR	could	use	the	mail	to	spread	“junk”
information. We	all	had	our	suspicions	as	to	who	were	encouraging	these
government	offices	to	quash	the	dissemination	of	this	diet	and	cancer
information. Collectively,	these	public	agencies	were	making	life	very
difficult. Why	were	they	attacking	a	nonprofit	organization	promoting
cancer
research? It	all	came	down	to	the	fact	that	the	AICR,	like	the	NAS,	was
pushing	an	agenda	that	connected	diet	and	cancer. The	American	Cancer	Society	became	an	especially	vigorous	detractor. In
its	eyes,	the	AICR	had	two	strikes	against	it:	it	might	compete	for	the	same
funding	donors,	and	it	was	trying	to	shift	the	cancer	discussion	toward	diet. The	American	Cancer	Society	had	not	yet	acknowledged	that	diet	and
nutrition	were	connected	to	cancer. (It	wasn’t	until	many	years	later	in	the
early	1990s	that	it	developed	dietary	recommendations	to	control	cancer	when
the	idea	was	receiving	considerable	currency	with	the	public.) It	was	very
much	a	medically-based	organization	invested	in	the	conventional	use	of
drugs,	radiation	and	surgery. A	short	while	before,	the	American	Cancer
Society	had	contacted	our	NAS	committee	about	the	possibility	of	our	joining
them	to	produce	dietary	recommendations	to	prevent	cancer. As	a	committee,
we	declined,	although	a	couple	of	the	people	on	our	committee	did	offer	their
individual	services. The	American	Cancer	Society	seemed	to	sense	a	big	story
on	the	horizon	and	didn’t	like	the	idea	that	another	organization,	the


 is affected by
the physical state of food. Hoppert, Webber, and Canniff
have noted that white rats may be kept on a diet fully adequate in minerals and vitamins and yet suffer from dental
caries if the foods eaten are sufficiently soft to be impacted
around the teeth. Wallace has noted that soft sugars, sweets,
and other carbohydrate foods tend to increase susceptibility to
tooth deca
y in humans, whereas cris p "fibrillar" foods such as raw fruits and vegetable salads tend to prevent decay by
removing harmful bacteria, preventing tartar formation,
inducing mastication, and also promoting the flow of saliva
and oral mucus which is important in oral health. Whereas foods may be softened in various ways, and cellulose may be
removed through different procedures, the most common
contemporary method of promoting such food changes is
through the process of cooking. Not only the teeth but also the gums are affected by
changes in the physical properties of foods. The presence of
sufficient raw cellulose or other food materials in the diet which afford the gums exercise is helpful to the development
of healthy gums. In experiments with more than 200 ferrets,
King and Glover found that animals given rib bone, with the
attached muscle, tendon, and periosteum, which required
much gnawing and chewing with consequent prophylactic action on the gums, were free from gum disease and tartar
deposits at all times. Ferrets gi ven the same foods separately
suffered from gum lesions and tartar deposits, for the animals
no longer had to gnaw the bone to obtain the tendon and
periosteum. Those ferrets which were fed entirely upon soft foods, including powdered bone-meal, all suffered from
severe gingival disease and gum lesions, with heavy incrustations of tartar. Burwasser and Hill conducted similar experiments, using
dogs for their work. Two groups of the animals were fed diets
identical chemically but different physically. The control
animals, given hard foods, maintained normal gingivae during the fourteen months the experiment lasted. Those
given soft foods in the form of a mash all developed marked
pathological changes in the gingivae, similar to those
observed in ferrets. As a result of these experiments with animals, an attempt
was made by J. P King to test the effects of hard foodstuffs
on the parodontal tissues of humans. A number of
institutional and other subjec ts suffering from severely
diseased gingivae were given raw sugar cane to gnaw upon
each day, thus exposing the gums to the friction of the hard food. In all cases where calculus deposits were relatively
slight, there was rapid cessation of bleeding and marked
improvement in the color, texture, and contour of the gum
surface. When heavy accretions of tartar were present,
improvement was noticeable, though limited. In all cases the gum area that was improved was limited entirely to that part
which came in contact with the friction of the sugar cane, the

 inaccessible gum tissue remaining unaffected throughout the
duration of the experiment. At a later period a group of subjects with gum disease were
given the same quantity of sugar cane each day, but this was
softened through a canning process. The results in this case
were almost entirely negative and little or no improvement was noticeable in any case. One group of the subjects was
treated by scaling to remove the tartar deposits, but this
showed no favorable response and only accelerated the rate of
calculus deposition. With or without such dental aid, the
subjects receiving the soft, heated sugar cane failed to
respond to treatment. D
IGESTIBILITY OF RAW FOOD
   The change in physical structure brought about by heat may
be partly responsible for change s in digestibility between raw
and cooked foods. Cooking may impair or improve
digestibility. For milk, most vegetables, and many other foods
there is usually impairment. At the New York State
Agricultural Station, tests were conducted with cooked and uncooked clover, hay, and corn meal, indicating that the
relative digestibility of the albuminoids was more or less
diminished by cooking. Thirteen separate series of experiments have been conducted at agricultural stations in this country on the supposed value of cooking or steaming foods for pigs. In ten of these trials, there was not only no
gain in digestibility; there was a definite loss, and in some
cases the loss was very considerable. The tests showed that a
pig may require up to fifty per cent more food to produce a
pound of gain in weight when food is cooked than when it is raw. Ragner Berg has reported sim ilar results in experiments,
and he points out that a mixture of soy bean, wheat, wheaten
bran, sunflower seeds, hemp seeds, and rye meal, which is quite adequate for animals in its crude state, becomes
conspicuously inadequate when it is mixed with water, formed into cakes, and baked. I
MPORTANCE OF CELLULOSE
   While digestibility is important, it should not be assumed
that all foods should be one hundred per cent digestible. Many plant foods contain much cellulose, which is not
readily digested. Yet, the presence of this cellulose in the diet is very important. Well-cooked foods, which lack raw
cellulose, fail to stimulate peristaltic action to the degree
necessar
y to promote ra pid and effective bowel action. The y remain in the intestinal tract much longer than raw foods, and
putrefaction and fermentation are often well advanced before
elimination is made. Usually th e feces have a rich bacterial
flora and an offensive odor as evidence of the putrefaction
that has taken place. The effects of the excessive fermentation and putrefaction
of foods within the body are believed to be an important
cause of disease. A number of distinguished scientists have
held that prolonged putrefaction produces toxins which are
absorbed by the bloodstream. Elie Metchnikoff, of the
Pasteur Institute in Paris, made what is perhaps the most thorough study of longevity and senility ever undertaken, and
he maintained that such putrefaction is a definite source of
poisoning to the body and is the primary cause of the severe
symptoms of senility. He associated the richness of the
bacterial flora in the feces with the length of life and claimed that with both animals and humans the average longevity was
greatest when the bacterial flora was very slight or entirely absent. In this connection it may be pointed out that intestinal
putrefaction is rapidly diminished in the presence of
uncooked foods. The cellulose of raw plants is of vital
importance in maintaining normal peristaltic action in the intestinal tract and thus preventing stagnation in the
movement of foods. On an exclusive raw diet, the movement
of foods is so rapid that putrefaction is very slight; the
resulting feces in such cases are almost free from offensive
odor and contain only a fraction as many bacteria as would otherwise be present. If the viewpoint of Metchnikoff and
others is correct, this would have a very important effect upon
human life and be conducive both to a higher immunity to
disease and a greater duration of life. The physical changes which cooking produces in foods are
clearly marked. They involve primarily the destruction of
cellulose material of plants. Such destruction may result from
different methods of food-processing, of which cooking is
only one. The effects of this change in the physical state of
foods appear to have a definite reaction upon the health of the animal organism, and are particularly detrimental to the
parodontal structures. They have a pronounced effect upon
digestion, assimilation, and the movement of foods through
the intestinal tract. As a cause of disease they rank of possible
importance, and existing evidence would indicate they may be associated to some degree with senility and longevity. 4
RAW FOOD IN EXPERIMENTAL
STUDY
THE THEORETICAL BASIS  for the results of using raw and
cooked foods has been considered from the standpoint of
biochemistry and physiology. It has indicated the manner in
which cooking alters food. It would appear at first glance that
these alterations would lower the value of the food and render
it much less nutritious and valuable to animal life. For confirmation or refutation of this logical assumption, we must
turn to applied science in the fields of nutrition and biology. Here many studies of animals which have used both cooked
and uncooked diets under controll ed experimental conditions
have been made, and they provide rather conclusive evidence on the entire subject. G
ENERAL EXPERIMENTAL DATA
   Among the first scientists to study cooking in its application
to animal nutrition were Weill and Mouriquant of France. In
1912, as they were conducting their celebrated experiments
with pigeons to determine the effects of refined flour, they
added a less known series of experiments, also with pigeons,
to determine the effects of cooking. A number of pigeons were fed whole raw grains; the others were given the same
kind of grain, entirely whole, without any kind of refining,
only this grain was thoroughly cooked. The pigeons given the raw grain showed great activity and vigor. They gave every
indication of being perfectly nourished. Those given the
cooked grains developed beriberi and all died paralyzed
within ninety days. Other pigeons were then given two-thirds
cooked grain and one-third raw grain, which was sufficient to
give complete freedom from beriberi symptoms. While Director of Nutrition Research under


 of Western countries. Their research
indicates that the increase in disease rates in Westerners were caused by changes occurring in the food makeup that reaches t he
large bowel. In former t imes, ingested food was much coarser, contained more bulk and indigestible fiber. The processing of foods
today makes them mushy, soft, fiberless and bulkless. These researchers claim that this situation is having a detrimental eff ect
upon the American and  British health. In England, Africa and India experiments were conducted to compare eating habits, foods
and bowel waste products. These studies indicated that people living under primitive conditions on diets high in indigestible  fiber
passed from 2 -1/2 to 4-1/2 times as much feces as those in the Western countries, and these people were found to be relatively free
of most of the diseases studied. Those studies concluded that diverticulosis appears to be directly related to a high carbohydrate diet such a s one containing white
flour and sugar. The long retention of feces is also claimed to be a source of heart disorders, as the removal of fiber from the diet
raises serum cholesterol levels and predisposes the body to coronary disease. The accusation is mad e that the removal of fiber from
the diet is also responsible for tumors and cancer due to biochemical changes associated with poor bowel elimination. Constip ation
is often referred to by those who have studied the situation as the “modern plague.” Indeed,  it is the greatest present -day danger to
health. Intestinal toxemia and the resulting autointoxication is a direct result of intestinal constipation. Constipation con tributes
toward the lowering of body resistance, predisposing it to many acute illnesses and the creation of a great many degenerative and
chronic processes. It cripples and kills more people in our country than most any other single morbid condition having to do with
deficient function of life. For a lack of the colon to attend to its normal,  regular and efficient function almost every human ailment
has been attributed. What disturbs proper intestinal function? It involves a major factor in life - abnormal nutrition. Nutrition is of paramount
importance to the general welfare of the body. Un less the individual educates himself in the art of conscious living, acquires
rational habits and lives up to them consistently, nothing but physical and mental catastrophies can be the result. Intestinal constipation causes cellular constipation. It also increases the workload of the other excretory organs - kidney, skin,
liver, lungs and lymph. The functioning of these organs becomes depleted and overworked.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>Summarize the following text section accurately and concisely. Maintain specific details and numerical information, and use anti-repetition mechanisms:

        Metabolic Solutions Report
Terry Chamberlin, B. Sc., C. N. C., Bioanalyst                Nova Scotia, Canada                  msibio@yahoo. com               902-584-3810

TISSUE CLEANSING THROUGH BOWEL MANAGEMENT

By BERNARD JENSEN D.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>
Q: Who is the author of this book?,
A: Bernard Jensen, D.C.
Q: What is the primary cause of many diseases and illnesses, according to the author?,
A: Autointoxication
Q: What is the main factor that contributes to the development of chronic diseases?,
A: Poor nutrition and lack of fiber in the diet
Q: What is the author's stance on the use of laxatives?,
A: The author is against the use of laxatives, as they can cause dependence and lead to further health problems.
Q: What is the author's opinion on the importance of proper nutrition for overall health?,
A: The author emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition, stating that it is a major factor in the development of many diseases and that a diet high in fiber and whole, natural foods is essential for overall well-being.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>The cellular metabolism becomes
sluggish, repair and growth are delayed and the ability to elimina te waste materials is lowered. The cells, instead of being alive and
active, become dead and inactive. This process results in a decline in tissue and organ functional ability. Dr. Alexis Carrell, at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, took sm all pieces of heart tissue from a chicken embyro to
produce one of the most remarkable experiments in medical history. He attempted to demonstrate that under suitable conditions,
the living cell could live a very long time, perhaps indefinitely. The heart tissue was immersed in a nutrient solution from which it
obtained its food. Likewise, waste material was secreted by the heart tissue into this same solution. Everyday the solution w as
changed, taking away waste substances and providing fresh nutrients. It  is amazing to report that this chicken heart tissue lived for
29 years in this fashion. It died one day when the assistant forgot to change the metabolized polluted fluid! In other words,
autointoxication claimed this great masterpiece of experimental sci entific investigation. Said Carrell of this experience, “The cell is
immortal. It is merely the fluid in which it floats which degenerates. Renew this fluid at intervals, give the cell something  upon
which to feed and, so far as we know, the pulsation of l ife may go on forever.”

The primary causes of constipation can be summarized as follows: faulty nutrition, ignoring the call to eliminate, lack of ph ysical
activity, emotional and mental distress, extrinsic poisons and medications and lack of adequate amo unts of water. Faulty nutrition,
as we have already seen, is a major underlying factor in constipation. Processed, devitalized foods low in fiber or bulk are not
suitable substances to promote health and well -being. Ignoring the call to eliminate feces or urine contribute greatly to cellular
congestion, autointoxication and eliminative organ distress. The lack of physical exercise makes weak and flaccid muscle tone
incapable of holding up under the demands of poor diets and extra eliminative duty. Emotional  and mental strain and tension
produce unfavorable conditions in the digestive and eliminative organs, causing them to become tense and underactive. These a lso
cause chemical imbalances and abnormal secretions to occur, generally upsetting the whole organi sm. Extrinsic poisons, such as
tobacco, coffee, alcohol, chocolate and sugar, have unfavorable effects upon digestion and elimination by upsetting gastric
secretions and nerve responses. Medications have a very upsetting effect upon these life -giving funct ions. They cause many
afflictions in the bowel. Antibiotics, such as penicillin and sulfa, can completely eliminate the favorable intestinal flora,  leaving the
opportunity for reinfestation by harmful bacteria and virus. Laxatives are irritating to the bow el and are dangerous if used
frequently. Most people also do not drink enough water; they are chronically dehydrated. This causes all body tissues and fluids to becom e
thicker and more viscid. The mucous lining in the colon changes in consistency, failin g to provide a slick lubrication for the
movement of feces. Poor living habits contribute a great deal to poor bowel function. Not following a good program denies the
body regularity and consistency. It never knows what’s coming next and can’t depend upon a regular routine. It is always on the
defensive. This situation results in a depletion of vital nerve force and undermines the body’s ability to set periods of res t and
activity. Today, there are more than 45,000 laxative and cathartic remedies being manu factured and used by Americans alone. Even when used sparingly and in an emergency, these substances should be used with great caution, if at all. The mechanism of
elimination is very delicate and easily upset. Once disturbed, it will often require weeks, maybe months, before it becomes
regular again. These substances, in order to evacuate the colon, are essentially poisons and irritants. They contribute nothi ng to
restore normal or natural processes of defecation. The poisoned colon tries to evacuate the offending substance as quickly as
possible, and pushes everything out including the compacted feces. Oftentimes, these harsh poisonous substances are absorbed
through the lymph and blood vessels and find their way to all parts of the body. This situation c ontributes to addiction and
overuse of these substances. Dependency upon laxative compounds will in time, permanently destroy the normal ability of the
bowel to eliminate naturally on its own accord. Laxatives tire out the bowel muscle by keeping it consta ntly working. Without rest,
it will soon fail and produce some of the conditions I will discuss in the next chapter. The only stimulation that the body s hould
have is through exercise. Any time we artificially stimulate the bowel, there is an opposite effe ct that manifests in which there is a
lack of tone in the muscle producing a weakness in that muscle structure. It is becoming increasingly clear that bowel troubl es
have a reflex effect upon specific organs in the body. For example, Sir Arbuthnot Lane, who was a surgeon for the King of England, spent many years specializing in bowel problems. He was an expert at removing sections of the bowel and stitching it back together. He taught this work to other doctors and g ained
an international reputation for h is efficiency. During the years of this work, he began to notice a peculiar phenomenon. During the
course of recovery from colonic surgery, some of his patients experienced remarkable cures of diseases that had no apparent
connection with his surgery. For instance, a young boy who had arthritis for many years was in a wheel chair at the time


become stressed. The balance between enjoyment and structural tension
is lost, and the latter has won. When there is stress, it is usually a sign
that the ego has returned, and you are cutting yourself of f form the
creative power of the universe. Instead, there is only the force and strain
of egoic wanting, and
so you have to struggle and work hard to make it. Stress always
diminishes both the quality and ef fectiveness of what you do under its
influence. There is also a strong link between stress and negative
emotions, such as anxiety and anger. It is toxic to the body and is now
becoming recognized as one of the main causes of the so. called
degenerative diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Unlike stress, enthusiasm has a high ener gy frequency and so resonates
with the creative power of the universe. This is why Ralph W aldo
Emerson said that, Nothing great has ever been achieved without
enthusiasm. The word enthusiasm comes from ancient Greek en and
theos meaning God. And the related word enthousiazein means to be
possessed by a god. W ith enthusiasm you will find that you don't have to
do it all by yourself. In fact, there is nothing of significance that you can
do by yourself. Sustained enthusiasm brings into existence a wave of
creative ener gy, and all you have to do then is ride the wave. Enthusiasm brings an enormous empowerment into what you do, so that
all those who have not accessed that power would look upon your
achievements in awe and may equate them with who you are. Y ou,
however, know the truth that Jesus pointed to when he said, I can of my
own self do nothing. Unlike egoic wanting, which creates opposition
indirect proportion to the intensity of its wanting, enthusiasm never
opposes. It is non. confrontational. Its activity does not create winners
and losers. It is based on inclusion, not exclusion, of others. It does not
need to use and manipulate people, because it is the power of creation
itself and so does not need to take ener gy from some secondary source. The ego's wanting always tries to take form something or someone;
enthusiasm gives out of its own abundance. When enthusiasm encounters
obstacles in the form of adverse situations or uncooperative people, it
never attacks but walks around them or by yielding or embracing turns
the opposing ener gy into a helpful one, the foe into a friend. Enthusiasm and the ego cannot coexist. one implies the absence of the
other. Enthusiasm knows where it is going, but at the same time, it is
deeply at one with the present moment, the source of its aliveness, its
joy, and its power. Enthusiasm wants nothing because it lacks nothing. It
is at one with life and no matter how dynamic the enthusiasm. inspired
activities are, you don't lose yourself in them. And there remains always
a still but
intensely alive space at the center of the wheel, a core of peace in the
midst of activity that is both the source of all and untouched by it all. Through enthusiasm you enter into full alignment with the outgoing
creative principle of the universe, but without identifying with its
creation, that is to say, without ego. where there is no identification, thereis no attachment one of the great sources of suf fering. Once a wave of
creative ener gy has passed, structural tension diminishes again and joy in
what you are doing remains. Nobody can live in enthusiasm all the time. A new wave of creative ener gy may come later and lead to renewed
enthusiasm. When the return movement toward the dissolution of form sets in,
enthusiasm no longer serves you. Enthusiasm belongs to the outgoing
cycle of life. It is only through surrender that you can align yourself with
the return movement the journey home. T o sum up: Enjoyment of what you are doing, combined with a goal or
vision that you work toward, becomes enthusiasm. Even though you
have a goal, what you are doing in the present moment needs to remain
the focal point of your attention; otherwise, you will fall out of alignment
with universal purpose. Make sure your vision or goal is not an inflated
image of yourself and therefore a concealed form of ego, such as
wanting to become a movie star, a famous writer, or a wealthy
entrepreneur. Also make sure your goal is not focused on having this or
that, such as a mansion by the sea, your own company, or ten million
dollars in the bank. An enlar ged image of yourself or a vision of yourself
having this or that are all static goals and therefore don't empower you. Instead, make sure your goals are dynamic, that is to say, point toward an
activity that you are engaged in and through which you are connected to
other human beings as well as to the whole. Instead of seeing yourself as
a famous actor and writer and so on, see yourself inspiring countless
people with your work and enriching their lives. Feel how that activity
enriches or deepens not only your life but that of countless others. Feel
yourself being an opening through which ener gy flows form the
unmanifested Source of all life through you for the benefit of all. All this implies hat your goal or vision is then already a reality within
you, on the level of mind and of feeling. Enthusiasm is the power that
transfers the mental blueprint into the physical dimension. That is the
creative use of mind, and that is why here is no wanting involve. Y ou
cannot
manifest what you want; you can only manifest what you already have. Y ou may get what you want through hard work and stress, but that is not
the way of the new earth. Jesus gave the key to the creative use of mindand to the conscious manifestation of form when he said, 'Whatever you
ask in prayer, believe that you have received it, and it will be yours. A New Earth
T H E  F R E Q U E N C Y  H O L D E R S
The outward movement into form does not express itself with equal
intensity in all people. Some feel a strong ur ge to build, create, become
involved, achieve, make an impact upon the world. If they are
unconscious, their ego will, of course, take over and use the ener gy of
the outgoing cycle for its own purposes. This, however, also greatly
reduces the flow of creative ener gy available to them and increasingly
they need to rely on ef forting to get what they want. If they are
conscious, those people in whom the outward movement is strong will be
highly creative. Others, after the natural expansion that comes with
growing up has run its course, lead an outwardly unremarkable,
seemingly more passive and relatively uneventful existence. They are more inward looking by nature, and for them the outward
movement into form is minimal. They would rather return home than go
out. They have no desire to get strongly involved in or change the world. If they have any ambitions, they usually don't go beyond finding
something to do that gives them a degree of independence. Some of them
find it hard to fit into this world. Some are lucky enough to find a
protective niche where they can lead a relatively sheltered life, a job that
provides them with a regular income or a small business of their own. Some may feel drawn toward living in a spiritual community or
monastery. Others may become dropouts and live on the mar gins of
society they feel they have little in common with. Some turn to drugs
because hey find living in this world too painful. Others eventually
become healers or spiritual teachers, that is to say, teachers of Being. In past ages, they would probably have been called contemplatives. There is no place for them, it seems, in our contemporary civilization. On the arising new earth, however, their role is just as vital as that of the
creators, the doers, the reformers. Their function is to anchor the
frequency of the new consciousness on his planet. I call them the
frequency. holders. They are here to generate consciousness through the activities of daily
life, through their interactions with others as well as through just being. In this way, they endow the seemingly insignificant with profound
meaning. Their task is to bring spacious stillness into this world by being
absolutely Present in whatever they do. There is consciousness and
therefore quality in what they do, even the simplest task. Their purpose is
to do everything in a sacred manner. As each human being is an integral
part of the collective human consciousness, they af fect the world much
more deeply than is visible on the surface of their lives. A New Earth
T H E  N E W  E A R T H  I S  N O  U T O P I A
Is the notion of a new earth not just another utopian vision. Not at all. All utopian visions have this in common: the mental projection of a
future time when all will be well, we will be saved, there will be peace
and harmony and the end of our problems. There have been many such
utopian visions. Some ended in disappointment, others in disaster. At the core of all utopian visions lies one of the main structural
dysfunctions of the old consciousness: looking to the future for salvation. The only existence the future actually has is as a thought form in your
mind, so when you


 in solution and
thus protect the tissues as much as possible from irritation. By
being held in the subcutaneous tissues the salt is kept from cir-
culation and hence from damaging the more vital parts of the
body. We thus find the development of edema - a water-logging
of the tissues -which serves a physiological need and acts as a
defense mechanism. The primary cause of edema in such cases
I is the excessive amount of salt in the body, and it tends to dis- 1
I appear as soon as the use of salt is discontinued. Many physicians
1 now use a saltless diet for all cases of edema, and when the ail-
I ment is caused in the first place by salt, recovery is the usual rule. The relation of salt to insomnia and nervous ailments has been
studied by Dr. Mickail M. Miller at the U.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>
Q: Who wrote the book "Dangers in Modern Foods"?,
A: Arnold DeVries
Q: What is the author's main argument in the book "Dangers in Modern Foods"?,
A: The author argues that the refining and processing of foods, as well as the addition of chemicals and additives, can be harmful to human health.
Q: What is the main issue with the use of salt in the human diet?,
A: The text does not specifically state the main issue with the use of salt, but it does mention that excessive salt consumption can lead to health problems such as hypertension, kidney damage, and digestive issues.
Q: What is the author's stance on the use of refined grains and sugar?,
A: The author is strongly against the use of refined grains and sugar, stating that they are unnatural and can lead to a range of health problems.
Q: What is the author's recommendation for a healthy diet?,
A: The author recommends a diet that consists of whole, unprocessed foods, and avoiding the use of refined grains and sugar.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>The so-called
"caponettes" and "hormonized fryers" should always be avoided
when purchasing poultry. In addition to the hormonization of meat, there are other
dangerous practices employed by the meat industry. Some forms
of meat are treated with injurious chemicals, both for purposes
of preservation and color. Inspection methods are not adequate
for full consumer protection. Most meat is "well hung" and thus DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
aged until putrefaction has already set in and certain nutritive
qualities are lost. Certain meats are smoked, pickled, soaked in
smoke solutions, and injected with brine, fat, and gelatin. Some
of these processes are done to disguise stringly meat from mal-
nourished animals and all tend to render the meat less suitable
for consumption. Many tinned meats contain the poisonous
drug, sodium nitrate. Due in part to present methods of feeding
hogs, some pork is infested with trichina and the quality of the
meat is rarely as good as that of other animals. Local health
department inspectors in various cities have occasionally found
sulphite powder on some meats, which is used to give a nice red
color to old meat. Some meats sold in restaurants have even been
"embalmed" with formaldehyde in order to assure preservation
over a long period of time. It is difficult, if not impossible, to purchase any meat on the
regular commercial market with complete assurance that it is
completely fresh and free from synthetic hormones and all chem-
ical additives. But, if there is not complete safety, there is
relative safety. The most dangerous meats are those which are
tinned and processed into sausage. The safest meats are fresh
beef, lamb, and sea fish. However, unless you know the direct
source of your beef cuts, you will have to take your chances on
the hormone problem. This is not a completely happy solution,
but it is the best that can be suggested under current circum-
stances. VI. Fish Liver Oil
A N ANIMAL FOOD WHICH HAS RECEIVED
widespread use among children is cod liver oil. Adults frequently
I take other forms of fish liver oil (usually from the shark liver)
as a supplementary source of vitamins A and D in the diet. Though fish liver oils are a rich source of the vitamins, and
though certain animals, in particular dogs and cats, appear to
take the oils without harmful reactions, there are serious doubts
regarding the value of such foods in the diet of other animals and
human beings. Dr. Weston Price has found that large doses of
fish liver oil give some patients "definite symptoms of depression:'
and has further observed paralysis and structural damage to
hearts and kidneys of animals when overdoses were given. Agduhr,
using the oils on rabbits, and Malnlberg using chickens, both
found damage to the heart as one of the effects. P. Hendricksen
concluded from his experiments that the oils produced degenera-
tion throughout the body. Herlitz, Jundell, and Wahlgre con-
ducted experiments which showed degeneration of the heart
muscle when normal doses of cod liver oil were given. Dr. Osman
treated cases of ketosis in children with cod liver oil and found
that the patients became worse under care. Dr. Paul Gyorgy,
professor of clinical pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania,
has reported that "certain cod liver oil constituents called unsat-
urated fatty acids are known to exert a toxic effect on the liver or
on the heart muscle when the oil is taken in large or prolonged
doses:'
i One may well conclude from all these facts that the fat-soluble DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
vitamins are best obtained from sources other than fish liver oils
of any kind. This does not present a nutritional problem, for the
vitamin D found in cod liver oil and other fish liver oil has been
found to be much less efficient than that of milk and butterfat
in human nutrition. In San Diego, California and Portland,
Oregon, studies were made of several hundred children to deter-
mine the relationship of vitamin D intake from cod liver oil and
sunlight to rickets. Ninety-five per cent of the children in Port-
land and seventy-three per cent of those in San Diego manifested
four or more signs of rickets, and eighty-two per cent of these
children were receiving cod liver oil regularly. So it is apparent
that we cannot rely upon fish liver oils to give perfect bone devel-
opment. However, we can rely upon whole foods in their natural
state, together with sufficient exposure to sunlight over the entire
body, to do so. Raw dairy products, together with raw egg yolk
and whole raw liver, are the best food sources of the fat-soluble
vitamins, and any one of these will give more assurance of good
bone development than will fish liver oil. VII. Milk
M ILK IS FREQUENTLY DESCRIBED AS OUR
finest beverage. It is considered a near-perfect food which is
practically immune to criticis~x. Yet, in modern life milk is often
far from perfect. The value of milk depends largely upon the
feeding habits of the cow, the health of the cow, cleanliness of
milk handling, and the methods of processing. Unfortunately
many cows on modern farms are poorly fed, with insufficient
green feed during much of the year. They receive toxic doses of
antibiotic drugs both in their food and as injections, and many
are afflicted with various diseases. The milk itself is handled and
transported with frequent disregard to cleanliness. Finally, to
compensate for all these measures, the milk is pasteurized to
make it safe and mixed with synthetic vitamin D to make it
nutritious. But the solution is not equal to the original problem. Much
of our milk supply, aside from being perfect, is hardly fit for
human consumption. So much residual penicillin has been found
in some milk that the cheese industry has found the milk useless
as a starter culture. Such milk also has an antagonistic effect upon
developing yogurt. Individuals sensitive to penicillin cannot
always drink the milk without experiencing allergic reactions. The milk may be low in mineral and vitamin content, and its
nutritive value is further impaired to a marked degree through
the process of pasteurization. After the milk is processed with
synthetic vitamin D, it gives toxic reactions in animal feeding
tests. The finished product is no longer a natural food and pro- DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
duces some of the same ill-effects as do the other processed foods
of civilization. It may be noted that all of these objections are to the methods
of producing, handling, and processing milk, and not to milk
itself. Further, the objections are confined largely to the ordinary
commercial methods of milk production. Certified raw milk is
produced under superior standards which provide a much better
grade of milk. There are presently 26 certified dairy farms in the
United States, which retain their license for certification only
by producing and handling milk according to the strictest feed-
ing, milking, and milk handling rules and regulations. Such
regulations are set, supervised, and enforced by local medical milk
commissions. Certified raw milk must test 500 or less bacteria
count per cubic centimeter, whereas most health department
regulations permit a maximum of 30,000 to 50,000 bacteria per
cubic centimeter in ordinary pasteurized milk. So it can be seen


 grades with the cog system, at the town
of St. Nicholas, and climbed the mountain trail to an isolated settlement on the east bank of the
Mattervisp River, called Grachen, a five-hour journey. The settlement is on a shelf high above the
east side of the river where it is exposed to southern sunshine and enjoys a unique isolation
because of its physical inaccessibility. An examination made of the children in this community
showed that only 2.3 teeth out of every hundred had been attacked by tooth decay. The hardihood of the people was splendidly illustrated by a woman of 62 years who carried an
enormous load of rye on her back at an altitude of about 5,000 feet. We met her later and talked
to her, and found that she was extraordinarily well developed and well preserved. She showed us
her grandchildren who had fine physiques and facial developments.7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 24/250    The rye is so precious that while being carried the heads are protected by wrapping them in
canvas so that not a kernel will be lost. The rye is thrashed by hand and ground in stone mills
which were formerly hand-turned like the one shown in Fig. 2. Recently water turbines have been
installed. Water power is abundant and the grinding is done for the people of the mountain side in
these water-driven mills. Only wholerye flour is available. Each household takes turns in using the
community bake-oven, which is shown in Fig. 2. A month's supply of whole-rye bread is baked at
one time for a given family. FIG. 2. For centuries the natives ground their rye in this type of hand
mill. This community bake-oven for whole rye bread is passing. Here again the cows were away in the midsummer, pasturing up near the glaciers. Grachen has
an altitude of about 5,000 feet. The church at Grachen was built several hundred years ago. We
were shown an embossed certificate of honor and privilege extended to a group of about 120
people who had originally built the edifice. We were given valued assistance by the local priest,
and were provided with facilities in his spacious and well-kept rooms for making our studies of the
children. From Grachen we returned to St. Nicholas and proceeded from there by train down the valley
and up another steep ascent, requiring several hours, to the hamlet of Visperterminen, on the east
side of the mountain above the Visp River, and below the junction of the Mattervisp and
Saaservisp. This community is made up of about 1,600 people living on a sheltered shelf high
above the river valley. The view from this position is indescribably beautiful. It is a little below the
timber line of this and the surrounding mountains. Majestic snow-clad peaks and precipitous
mountains dot the horizon and shade off into winding gorges which mark the course of wandering
streams several thousand feet below our vantage point. It is a place to stop and ponder. The gradations in climate range in the summer from a tropical temperature in protected nooks
during the daytime to sub-zero weather with raging blizzards at night on the high mountains. It is a
place where human stamina can be tempered to meet all the vicissitudes of life. The village consists of a group of characteristically designed Swiss chalets clustered on the
mountain side. The church stands out as a beacon visible from mountains in all directions. Visperterminen is unique in many respects. Notwithstanding its relative proximity to civilization--it
is only a few hours' journey to the thoroughfare of the Rhone Valley--it has enjoyed isolation and
opportunity for maintaining its characteristic primitive social and civil life. We were greeted here by
the president of the village who graciously opened the school house and sent messengers to have
the children of the community promptly come to the school building in order that we might make
such studies as we desired. This study included a physical examination of the teeth and of the
general development of the children, particularly of the faces and dental arches, the making of
photographic records, the obtaining of samples of saliva, as in other places, and also the making of
a detailed study of the nutrition. In addition, we obtained samples of foods for chemical analysis. The people of Visperterminen have the unique distinction of owning land in the lower part of the
mountain on which they maintain vineyards to supply wine for this country. They have the highest
vineyards of Europe. They are grown on banks that are often so steep that one wonders how the7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 25/250tillers of the soil or the gatherers of the fruit can maintain their hold on the precarious and shifting
footing. Each terrace has a trench near its lower retaining wall to catch the soil that is washed
down, and this soil must be carried back in baskets to the upper boundary of the plot. This is all
done by human labor. The vineyards afforded them the additional nutrition of wine and of fruit
minerals and vitamins which the two groups we studied at Loetschental and Grachen did not have. This additional nutrition was of importance because of the opportunity for obtaining through it
vitamin C. It is of particular interest in the study of the incidence of tooth decay in Visperterminen
that these additional factors had not created a higher immunity to tooth decay, nor a better
condition of health in gingival tissues than previously found. In each one hundred teeth examined
5.2 were found to have been attacked at some time by tooth decay. Here again the nutrition
consisted of rye, used almost exclusively as the cereal; of dairy products; of meat about once a
week; and also some potatoes. Limited green foods were eaten during the summer. The general
custom is to have a sheep dressed and distributed to a group of families, thus providing each family
with a ration of meat for one day a week, usually Sunday. The bones and scraps are utilized for
making soups to be served during the week. The children have goat's milk in the summer when the
cows are away in the higher pastures near the snow line. Certain members of the families go to the
higher pastures with the cows to make cheese for the coming winter's use. The problem of identifying goats or cattle for establishing individual ownership is a considerable
one where the stock of all are pastured in common herds. It was interesting to us to observe how
this problem was met. The president of the village has what is called a "tessel" which is a string of
manikins in imitation of goats or cattle made of wood and leather. Every stock owner must provide
a manikin to be left in the safekeeping of the president of the village with whom it is registered. It
carries on it the individual markings that this member of the colony agrees to put on every member
of his animal stock. The marking may be a hole punched in the left ear or a slit in the right ear, or
any combination of such markings as is desired. Thereafter all animals carrying that mark are the
property of the person who registered it; similarly, any animals that have not this individual symbol
of identification cannot be claimed by him. As one stands in profound admiration before the stalwart physical development and high moral
character of these sturdy mountaineers, he is impressed by the superior types of manhood,
womanhood, and childhood that Nature has been able to produce from a suitable diet and a
suitable environment. Surely, here is evidence enough to answer the question whether cereals
should be avoided because they produce acids in the system which if formed will be the cause of
tooth decay and many other ills including the acidity of the blood or saliva. Surely, the ultimate
control will be found in Nature's laboratory where man has not yet been able to meddle sufficiently
with Nature's nutritional program to blight humanity with abnormal and synthetic nutrition. When
one has watched for days the childlife in those high Alpine preserves of superior manhood; when
one has contrasted these people with the pinched and sallow, and even deformed, faces and
distorted bodies that are produced by our modern civilization and its diets; and when one has
contrasted the unsurpassed beauty of the faces of these children developed on Nature's primitive
foods with the varied assortment of modern civilization's children with their defective facial
development, he finds himself filled with an earnest desire to see that this betterment is made
available for modern civilization. Again and again we had the experience of examining a young man or young woman and finding
that at some period of his life tooth decay had been rampant and had suddenly ceased; but, during
the stress, some teeth had been lost. When we asked such people whether they had gone out of
the mountain and at what age, they generally replied that at eighteen or twenty years of age they
had gone to this or that city and had stayed a year or two. They stated that they had never had a
decayed tooth before they went or after they returned, but that they had lost some teeth in the
short period away from home. At this point of our studies Dr. Roos found it necessary to leave, but Dr. Gysi accompanied us
to the Anniviers Valley, which is also on the south side of the Rhone. The river of the valley, the
Navizenze, drains from the high Swiss and Italian boundary