anxiety does not cripple endeavor as it
getting one's way is no longer
may, like the frustrated infant, go intoterrorism and zealotry, the ghastly history
would at lower stages of evolution. experienced as defeating, frightening or
rage. Anger leads easily to hatred, which
of the Middle East and Central Europe,
Obstacles which defeat people whose
frustrating. has an erosive ef fect on all areas of a
are all the price of Pride, which all of
consciousness is below 200 act as
At the Neutral level a person can say,
person's life. society pays. stimulants to those who have evolved
"W ell, if I don't get this job, then I'll get
The downside of Pride is arrogance and
into the first level of true power. another. " This is the beginning of inner
Ener gy Level 175: Pride
denial. These characteristics block
People at this level put back into the
confidence; sensing one's power, one isPride, which calibrates at 175, has
growth; in Pride, recovery from
world as much ener gy as they take; at
not easily intimidated. One is not driven
enough ener gy to run the United States
addictions is impossible, because
lower levels populations as well as
to prove anything. The expectation that
Marine Corps. It is the level aspired to by
emotional problems or character defects
individuals drain ener gy from society
life, with its ups and downs, will be
the majority of our kind today. People
are denied. The whole problem of denial
without reciprocating. Because
basically okay if one can roll with the
feel positive as they reach this level, in
is one of Pride. Thus Pride is a very
accomplishment results in positive punches is a 250-level attitude. contrast to the lower ener gy fields. This
sizable block to the acquisition of realfeedback, self-reward and esteem People at Neutrality have a sense of
well-rise in self esteem is a balm to all the
power, which displaces Pride with true
become progressively self reinforcing. being; the mark of this level is confident
pain experienced at lower levels of
stature and prestige. This is where productivity begins. capability to live in the world. This is the
consciousness. Pride looks good and
The collective level of consciousness of
level of safety. People at the Neutral
knows it; it struts its stuf f in the parade of
Ener gy Level 200: Courage
mankind remained at 190 for many
level are easy to get along with, safe to
life. At the 200 level power first appears. centuries and, curiously, only jumped to
be around and associate with, because
Pride is at a far enough remove from
When we test subjects at all the ener gyits current level of 204 within the last
they are not interested in conflict,
Shame, Guilt or Fear that to rise, for
levels below 200, we find, as can be
decade. competition or guilt. They are
instance, out of the despair of the ghetto
readily verified, that all go weak. comfortable and basically undisturbed
to the pride of being a Marine is an
Everyone goes strong in response to the
Ener gy Level 250: Neutrality
emotionally. This attitude is non-
enormous jump. Pride as such (66)
life-supportive fields above 200. This is
Ener gy becomes very positive as we get
judgmental and does not lead to any need
generally has a good reputation and is
the critical line that distinguishes the
to the level which we have termed
to control other people's behaviors. socially encouraged; yet, as we see frompositive and negative influences of life. Neutral because it is epitomized by
Correspondingly, because Neutral folk
the chart of the levels of consciousness, it
At the level of Courage an attainment of
release from the positionality which
value freedom, they are hard to control. is suf ficiently negative to remain below
true power occurs; therefore, it is also the
typifies lower levels. Below 250
the critical level of 200. This is why
level of empowerment. This is the zone
Ener gy Level 310: W illingness
consciousness tends to see dichotomies
Pride feels good only in contrast to the
of exploration, accomplishment, fortitude
and take on rigid positions, an This very positive level of ener gy may be
lower levels. and determination. At the lower levels
impediment in a world which is complex
seen as the gateway to the higher levels. The problem, as we all know, is thatthe world is seen as hopeless, sad,
and multifactoral rather than black and
Whereas jobs, for instance, are done
"Pride goeth before a fall. " Pride is
frightening, or frustrating; but at the level
white. adequately at the Neutral level, at the
defensive and vulnerable because it is
level of W illingness work is done well
31
32
major changes in the structure of society. dependent a upon external conditions,
of Courage, life is seen to be exciting,
T aking such positions creates
But Anger expresses itself most often as
without which it can suddenly revert to a
challenging and stimulating.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>
Q: What is the level of consciousness that is characterized by the capacity to resolve discrepancies in a non-judgmental and non-attached manner?,
A: Ener gy Level 350: Joy
Q: According to the text, what is the approximate percentage of the world's population that reaches the level of 200 or above?,
A: 0.4% of the world's population
Q: What is the primary focus of the level of 540?,
A: Joy
Q: What is the name given to the level of consciousness that is associated with the high 500s?,
A: Ener gy Level 600: Peace
Q: According to the text, what is the approximate percentage of the world's population that is below 200?,
A: 85%
Q: What is the primary focus of the level of 600?,
A: The level of 600 is characterized by the capacity to lift others and expand the sense of self<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>spiritual experiences of profound import
points in a lifetime is, of course, a
significant and capable of transforming
Alcohol or drugs do not in themselves
and become immersed in spiritual statistical figure, produced by, among
both one's life and one's ef fect on the
have the power to create a "high" at all;
pursuit. Some astonish their friends and
other things, the unfortunate fact that
world at lar ge.they calibrate at only 100 (the level of
(81) families by sudden breakthroughs into
people's cumulative life choices not
vegetables), The so-called "high" that the
new subjective contexts of reality. uncommonly result in a net lowering
of 6. NEW HORIZONS IN RESEARCH
drug or alcohol user experiences can
Consciousness at this level can be
their level of consciousness. As will be
OUR CONCERN THUS F AR has been
calibrate from 350 up to 600. The actual
described as vision and may focus on
enumerated in detail later (see Chapter
primarily to elucidate the structure of the
ef fect of drugs is merely to suppress the
uplifting society as a whale. From this
XXIII, p. 234), the influence of a very
anatomy of consciousness, with some
lower ener gy fields, thereby allowing the
level a few make the great leap to the
few individuals of advanced (82)
reference to the mechanisms of force anduser to experience exclusively the higher
region which calibrates at 600. At this
consciousness counterbalances whole
power. But ours is in no sense a purely
ones. It is as though a filter screened out
point an individual's life may become
populations at the lower levels. But,
theoretical subject. The unique nature of
all the lower tones coming from an
legendary. The signature of the 600s is
conversely, the extreme negativity of a
the research method described herein
orchestra, so that all that could be heard
compassion, pervading all motivation
few perverse individuals can sway entire
allows exploration of hitherto were the high notes. The suppr ession of
and activity. cultures and produce a global drag on the
inaccessible areas of potential the low notes does not cr eate the high
general level of consciousness, as history
knowledge. It is as applicable to the most
ones, it mer ely r eveals them. Progression of Consciousnessillustrates too well. Kinesiological testing
prosaic practical questions as to the most
W ithin the levels of consciousness, the
Although the levels we have described
indicates that a mere 2.6% of the human
advanced theoretical explorations. Let us
higher frequencies are extremely
span great variation, it is not common for
population, identifiable by an abnormal
investigate a few general examples. powerful, and few people routinely
individuals to move from one level to
kinesiological polarity (testing strong to
experience these as pure states because
another during their lifetimes. The ener gy
negative attractors and weak to positive
Social Problems
they are masked


 them by Dr. Groft. Naturally, at that moment, Dr. Jacobs did not have the time to
conduct a serious discussion. It was agreed that he take a look at what I had sent the Office and for us to meet at a
time soon. At our meeting in his office, I asked him if he had looked at what I had previously sent to their Office. He
began to make the excuse that he was sh ort of time, and at the same time, they were changing office location and
he had not had the opportunity to see what I had sent. I told him if he were not awar e of the content of the materials
I had sent, this meeting was a waste  of his time and mine and we should defer our discussion until he had read the
information I had provided. I got up to leave. I had to cut through his "pr ima donna" stance. He told me he wou ld take a look at what I had sent, but since we were both intelligent professionals, there was not
much that could not be clarified in one hour's discussion. He invited me to sit down and explain my views. I did. Before I left, he asked me for another set of supportive materials. I had them in my case and gave them to him. Among the materials supplied was a copy of the first edition of this book. I explained to him that this information is
becoming public knowledge. I invited him for the sake of socie ty and advancement of medical science to begin the
study of its topic through his Office. I did not hear from Dr. Jaco bs or see him until the next Alternative Medicine Conference. Nothing about chronic
dehydration was on the agenda. Even when Col. Robert Sanders, who is very well versed with the topic, made a
five-minute philosophic presentation on dehydration, no steps were taken to put the issue before the Advisory
Board. It became clear that the Office of Alternative Medicine had its own agenda, and serving the public was not on
its list of priorities. Accor ding to Rita Mae Brown, "The definition of insanity is d oing the same tiling over and over again and expecting
the results to be different." One would assume that accor ding to this definition, I am one of the insane ones. I often
think myself to be a simpleton. I question myself: Why do I spend time and personal resources to bring about a
science-based transformation of medicine in, of all places, America? In the next breath I console myself by th inking I
am privy to vital health and wellness information that has to reach the innocent and trusting people who become
sick and do not know they are only thirsty for water. With this thought I go the next str etch of my weary way. In the meantime, Dr. Bernadine Healy left the NIH. Sh e is a medical doctor. The NTH i s a "science" institution. Obviously there must have been a conflict of purpose; she had to leave. Nobel Laureate Harold Varmus took over. Once again, on the 23rd of November 1993,1 wrote to him. I started my le tter, "Welco me to the position th at you
can now make a greater contribution to advancemen t of medical science and our society. Today's Washington Post
article on you prompted me to write this letter and bring a breakthrough of significance in med ical science to your
attention. 'It is chronic dehydration that is the root cause of most major diseases.' I have in the past tried to get the
NIH to take a serious look at this sim ple 'paradigm shift' and make  the future practice of med icine patient-friendly!" I
sent him one of my books and som e supportive materials. To tins date, February 1995, I have not heard from this
gentleman, not even a letter of thank you. Obviously, the only way to take the message of "dehydration" to the public was t o write. That I did. After sending
letters to various journals and newspapers and not hearing from them, I decided, in 1989 to create
our own journal at the Foundation for the Simple in Medicine. We called it Scienc e in Me dicine Simpl ified. A special
issue and a regular issue of the journal were published in a period of one year and freely distributed to some
research centers and medical libraries at some universities. We also applied to the National Library of Medicine for the journals to be indexed in the Index Medicus computer
system so that their content could be accessed by other researchers. We appealed to them to afford us an equal
opportunity to present our "paradigm shift" researched views in medicine. They got back to us and said two volumes
of a publication was n ot enough, but once another volume was put out and we were sure there was g oing to be
continuity, they wou ld consider indexing the journals. The third volume of the journal was i n the works at this sta ge and, whe n it was published in 1991, we sent our
application and two volumes of each publication to the NLM. Journals are evaluated two to three times a year for
their possible inclusion in the Index Medicus. The committee consists o f mainly NIH scientists. W hen they met at
the end of the year and reviewed our new information in medicine, we were refused. They did not wan t to give us an
equal opportunity for our views to be heard. The NIH "thinkers" did not wish our new thoughts to enter the scientific
arena and eventually reach the public. We were deftly cen sored. This is when I decided to write the first edition of
this book and go public. About six months after the NLM re fusal, my book was o ut and being reviewed. I now had a simple language
explanation of where mainstream medicine had gone wrong. This was the book I sent, in addition to the scientific
publications, to Drs. Healy, Groft and Jacobs at the NIH. I wanted them to know I did not need them for my v iews to
reach the public. I had realized that the NIH was self-ser vingly satisfied with the insanity of conducting and repeating
the same types of research without finding a cure for any of the degenerative diseases of the human body. In April of 1993, there was a n International Bio-Oxid ative Medical Conference in Reston, Virginia. I was invited to
speak following the President of the Association. This is one of the conferences co nvened by the practitioners of
Alternative Medicine. I was introduced to one of the NIH Scie ntific Se cretariats, Dr. Edmund Sargent Copeland, whowas i nvited to review the conference. Afte r my ta lk on the role of histamine as the main water regulator of the body,
he very graciously discussed  how I could succeed in getting my views evaluated. I sent him most of my p ublished
materials. We met at their Westbard Avenue office. He did his best to get me invited by th e program manager of
their lectures to speak before their members. Th e invitation never came. It is obvious m y thoughts are a threat to the continuation of some of the NIH approaches to medical research. Naturally, m y views will not be allowed to echo within the NIH wal ls. They wan t me automaton-like to present my
findings in a way th at is acceptable to them only. That is how they have it their own way. I have tried to give you detailed information about my e fforts to get the people who are entrusted with the
responsibility of looking after the nation's health interests to  work on your behalf. As y ou see, they chose their own
advantageous way of business as usual. It is now dear that the institutions that use your tax dollars and a major
portion of your hard-earned income do not care one iota for your health and well-being. It is now obvious that those
who purport to be solution seekers are promoters of your problem. From here on, you, the readers of the
information in this book, have to become a part of the force behind the transformation of the health care system in
America. Obviously, funding for the evaluation of water as a natural medicine seems not to be readily available. Furthermore,
even if funds were to be made available, research of the topic seems not attractive enough to the universities and
nationally recognized research centers. An d yet, to show others, patient response to treatment with water as a
natural medicine in diseases produced by chronic dehydration is necessary. It is necessary to convince the
clinicians within the health care system to change their present approach to treatment. Students in medical schools
are not taught anything about the many roles of water in the human body. The way I see it, we will need many "simple and direct" observations, like those whose letters are published in this
book, to report their findings before the mainstream medical practitioners would abandon their method of treatment. Their present method is only suited to promotion of chemical products. "Double-blind randomized trials" are only
suited to the evaluation of one chemical product to another, less-known substance. This particular methodology is
not suited to the clinical evaluation of "deficiency disorders," in this case the effects o f water on the variety of
dehydration-produced diseases. Physiological states of each individual's body determines the initial symptoms and complications of dehydration. That is why these symptom-producing dehydration states have traditionally been labeled as many different disease
conditions. When you are into the book, you will understand what I am sayin g. You  will also read some letters
whose writers had more than one of the early


. Fulfilling sex does not depend entirely on specific techniques
or even successful performance of the Art of the Bedcham ber. Sexual happiness between partners in a monogamous relation
ship depends on a host of other factors-physical, psychological,
emotional, even financial. The art of lovemaking can enhance
pleasure and thrill in a happy relationship, but it cannot create
them in an unhappy one. Above all, personal alchemy between
lovers is a unique mind-body interaction, unprecedented in expe
rience and unpredictable in result. Many couples, especially those long married, tend to stay in a
well-worn lovemaking rut. They become captives of routines,
from initial love-play, if there is any, to orgasm. Lov emaking, es
pecially love-play, becomes exciting when it is in1provised occa
sionally. Improvising enables each partner to adapt to whatever Tht Alchrmy of Desire ANCIENT SECRE TS FOR MODERN LOVE RS
190 responses are observed in the other, and concentrate on whatever
best excites the latter. People exhibit a wide variety of reactions to
erotic stimulation, whether it be external stimulation of the body
or internal stimulation of the mind-or both. Some moan, some
whisper, some talk a blue streak, some ululate like banshees. Oth
ers, instead of vocalizing their reactions, express them in body
language, from epileptic thrashing to apparent rigor mortis. A
sensitive lover can gauge a partner's reactions to love-play. The various reactions, or symptoms of arousal, range from
physiological, reflecting the sensory input experienced by the
body, to cerebral, reflecting thoughts and emotions exciting the
mind. Men often react readily to physical stimulation, while
most women are put in an erotic mood more easily by psychologi
cal stimulation of thoughts and emotions. The relative power of
physical and psychological stimuli, however, varies among indi
viduals and over time within the same individual. Love-play starts, or should start, long before a kiss or an em
brace. It may begin with a subtle innuendo, an erotic code word, a
brazen sexual invitation. Or the body may speak with a glance, a
smile, a toss of hair or heave of bosom. Or the opening signals
may begin amid an erotic ambience of low lights, sensual music,
the scent of flowers or natural perfume of the body. Familiar part
ners, especially long-married spouses, often telescope or even skip
love-play, but an occasional return to romance could banish bed
room blahs and lend a piquant touch to lovemaking. The physical phase of love-play should be approached with
caution. Since love-play and coitus are the most intimate acts
shared by two individuals, personal hygiene is of paramount im
portance. As n1en arc more genital-oriented than wotncn, a n1an tnight
tend to go directly to his partner's genitals at the start of love-play. This may dan1pcn the ardor of a sensitive wotnan. Since any sud
den sexua l act could be either elixir or poison to a sensitive part
ncr, especially a tcnule, one should respect all the dos and don'ts,
and watch tor the various traffic signs-"slow," "yield," "stop,"
"soft shoulder," "curve ahead," "slippery when wet." If one wants
to venture into uncharted territory, a good tactic is to zip in tenta
tively and zip out inunediatcly, to test the partner's reaction. If the
reaction is clearly negative, change course. If the resistance seems
halfhea rted or a ntcrt' ritual, ust' the Taoist tactics of two steps for-ward, one step back. With this strategy in love-play, one may dis
cover untold delights that both partners secretly yearn for but are
reluctant to admit verbally. Anytime and anywhere could be good for love-play. Although
some lovers, out of either inventiveness or desperation, are at
tracted to unconventional, even dangerous, locales, most prefer
a more romantic environment-a secluded, moonlit beach, or a
cozy, dimly lit living room, with the flowing cadences of a piano
in the background, or a candlelit bedroom, perhaps with the bed
strewn with rose or jasmine petals. LovE-PLAY HAs A PRELUDE
The prelude to love-play may be deliberately programmed or en
tirely spontaneous. A nervous laugh, significant glance, double
entendre, or similar gesture or comment from either partner could
touch off a train of delightful events-whether a brief exchange
of sensual affections or lengthy lovemaking in the form of re
peated, passionate coitus. The signals may be romantic. By stroking the partner's palm
very lightly with a finger or sucking a fingertip, one can ignite an
all-night conflagration. Occasional butterfly kisses-quick, light,
flirtatious -here and there on the partner's arm, face, and neck tit
illate. Nibbling an earlobe is one way to excite a partner. After all,
some of the acupoints on the ear arc love points. The natural fra
grance of a clean woman is intoxicating to some men, especially
during an erotic encounter. Olfactory sensitivity is a major element in Chinese erotic po
etry, as seen in the celebrated poem "Ten Fragrances," mentioned
earlier. It is also important in the West. The French, for instance,
usc the term cassolette (perfume pan) to describe the fragrance from
a woman's body-lips, hair, skin, armpits, vulva-as well as her
ling erie. This natural feminine fragrance is best enjoyed with the
sniff-ki�s. or so-caHed Chinese kiss, done by putting one's nose
next to the selected area of the partner's body and sniffing away
soulfully. The ( :hinc�c usc: the nasal kiss mainly as an affectil 1nat c
gesture with little childr en and as a flirtatious act bct wt·cn sexes. Lip- kissin g is strictly an erotic bed room act in ( :hina. If partners arc dining privatl·ly, pl·rhap� with candklight and The Alchemy of Desir e ANCIE NT SECR ETS FO R MODERN LOV ERS
soft nn1sic, feeding one another rnay be stimulatin g. The feeding
can progress from spooning food into one another's mouth, to
n1outh-to-n1outh transfer of soft food. Ideal erotic foods for this
purpose include peaches, jelly, raw oysters, and dams. Mouth-to
rnouth feeding of wine is an age-old sensual act that tantalizes
nuny lovers. Some people delight in pouring a little champagne
into the navel of the partner, and drinking from-as well as lick
ing and kissing-the fleshy cup. The chilled, fizzing champagne
stimulates the partner onto whose navel it is poured. Warm rice
wine, such as Chinese Shaoshing or Japanese sake, is a good alter
native. One of the great preliminaries to sex is dancing-touch danc
ing. Many torn1s of dancing, in fact, are evolved from stylized,
sytnbolic representations of the sexual act. Touch dancing may
permit one to sense a lot physically about one's partner through
rhythm, moven1ent, and body contact-even with the clothes on. A discerning individual can appraise intuitively the sexual style of
the dancing partner. Dancing in private while half dressed or un
dressed is a spicy prelude to love-play. Signals of this prelude arc often playful. Sporadic, fleeting
gestures carried out in a seemingly accidental or absentm inded
manner have a built-in safety cushion in case of resistance, yet
they may be very tantalizing to a receptive target. Some signals
arc especially effective, whether one is dealing with a sexually in
hibited partner or a fan1iliar but hitherto platonic friend. One is
the "dead hand," by which a person "absentn1indedly" and lightly
places a hand on another's upper ann, shoulder, waist, or thigh. If
the reaction is negative, the hand is pron1ptly withdrawn; if there
is no negative reaction, it renlJins ther e \Vithout any 1noven1ent,
as if dead ; if the reaction is positive, the dead hand con1es to lite
and becornes progr essiv ely friskier. Another pbyful ploy is a pinch, appl ied on sorne finn, fleshy
part of the body such as the shoulder if ont' is shy, or the thig h or
but tocks if one is bolder. The surprise srna ck, adtnini ster ed in the
t<. )rm of a sing le resounding slap on the recipient' s rear, is a great
ice-brt·aker at an oppo rtune nlotnt·nt, tor instanc e when the pt'r
son targeted is picking son1cth ing up front tht· floor. Tickling. popubr with teen


  myse lf in to the federal authorities at an
arraignment o n December 28 in Charleston, South
Carolina. The summons read:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA V. MICHAEL
A. SINGER5 3. P r e p a r i n g  a  D e f e n s e
I  thought I pretty much understood what I was up
against until I saw the indict ment. In all honesty, it was
about the furthest thing from  the truth that I had ever
seen in my life. I knew that Bobby had implicated us by
telling the government that we were aware of everything
he h ad done w rong. In the eyes of the law, that would
have made us co-conspirato rs. But the indictment did
not eve n include Bobby Davids’s name. It listed all the
things he claimed to have done improperly and stated
that the  execu tives did these things—or more precisely,
“caused them to happen.” We were all facing conspiracy
charges that could result in up to fifteen years in prison. I was floored when I first read the indictment. Randy
was not. It was  just about what he had expected based on
his thirty years of experience. The indictment
represented th e governmen t’s story in the strongest
possible language to justify the charges. Truth, on the
other hand, could hopefully e merge from the fires of the
trial. So far there had been absolutely no pushback
against Bobby’s view of the world. We had, in fact, not
yet begun to fight. I met Randy and my South Carolina attorney, John
Simmons, in Charleston for the arraignment. All ten of
the indicted Medical Manager executives were there,
along with more than twenty of our attorneys. Joining
me were John Kang, John Sessions, Rick Karl, David
Ward, two regional vice presidents, the chief financial
officer, an accounting comptroller, and the attorney who
had worked on the dealer acquisition program. It wasquite a circus. Before the cour t proceedings, we a ll h ad to
get boo ked and fingerprinted by the FBI. Needless to say,
that was a first-time experience for all of us. When we were finally brought together outside the
courtroom, it was the first time many of us had seen each
other for years. We had built a successful company
together and there was still real friendship and
camaraderie be tween us. The attorneys preferred that we
not speak to o ne another, but that just wasn’t going to
happen. The scene turned into a reunion with warm
handshakes an d hugs. Each of us knew in our hearts that
we had not done the things we were being accused of. Perhaps the sense of a common enemy brought us even
closer together. All I know is that by the time the
prosecutor showed up, it looked more like a social
gathering than an arraignment. I r eally  wanted  to meet the prosecutor. I didn’t hold
anything against her. In fact, I felt a strange kinship with
her because we both had be en duped by the same con
artist—Bobby Davids. The difference being that I knew it
and she didn’t. Against Ran dy’s better judgment, but
with his permission, I introduced myself to her. She
shook m y hand, but it was very clear that she didn’t like
me very  much. It was the first time we had ever met, but
she had  already built a Mickey Singer inside her head
who I’m sure I’d rather not meet. The pr oceedings progressed smoothly except that
instead of one defendant a nd his attorney standing
before the judge, we had to  squeeze in ten defendants
and twenty attorneys. The c ourtroom was quite small,
and the  public seating area was completely filled with the
remainder of our legal team s. The room was so packed
that the  jury box was being used to hold ten to twelve
inmates in orange jumpsuits who were waiting their turn
to se e th e judge. I was standin g right next to the jury box,
and these inmates reminded me of my group back in
prison. I allowed myself to think that the way things weregoing—that could be me someday. I knew if I was going
to be at peace throughout thi s ordeal, I would have to be
comfortable with that though t. I just let go and relaxed
into the moment. I was standing in a South Carolina
courtroom being arraigned, but I was overcome with love
for those inmates sitting next to me. Randy had to nudge
me to stand up straight and pay attention to the
proceedings. A ll I knew was that I was on the journey of
my life and just look where it had taken me. The judge released us on our own recognizance
without the need to post ba il. Though we were free to
leave, I lingered in that co urtroom for a while and
wondered what it had in sto re for me. These were very
unique moments in one’s life—best not to miss them. I sp ent time with some of the executives afterward. I
hadn’t seen Rick Karl for many years, but that hadn’t
affected our close friendship. He told me he had been
nominated for a federal judgeship in Florida. Indications
were that he would have received the appointment, but
he had to pull his name the  moment he heard he had
been indicted. Likewise, John Kang was preparing to
step do wn as chairman and CEO of the public company
he and his brother had started. Everyone was putting
their best face forward, but this situation was altering
people’s lives. Aside from these executives and their families, the
front-page pub licity from the indictment had affected
some o ther p eople very dear to me. I had already
received a call from the warden at Union Correctional
Institution saying that until this situation was resolved,
he h ad no choi ce but to revoke my authorization to meet
with my Saturday morning group. After thirty years of
committing myself to perhaps the most important thing I
had don e in my life, my priso n work was over. A wave of
darkness was falling over everything that had been the
source of so much light. It was all completely out of my
control. I was determined to sit peacefully deep insideand see  if it could pass by without affecting my inner
state. It was li ke the early da ys when I had first started
my experiment of letting go in the face of perceived
danger. The big difference no w was that this danger was
way bey ond an ything I could have ever imagined. It was
the perfect storm. Meanwhile, it had been over two years since the raid. The government was require d by law to disclose all the
materials investigators had seized. Yet by the time of the
arraignment, we still had no documents with which to
prepare a defense. That evening, the entire joint defense
group g ot toge ther at a hote l. I really enjoyed watching
all the attorneys interact. Randy ha d taken the lead in
putting togeth er a joint defe nse agreement that would
allow us to share materials. But in the end, each attorney
was responsible for their own client’s best interest. Surrounded by a roomful of criminal defense attorneys, I
realized that I was in an amazing situation. I was about
to embark on a very perso nal tour of the American
justice system. I knew I had never even thought of doing
the things I was accused of. But how was this going to
turn out? Would our great system of justice work? A month later we began to receive the first wave of
disclosure materials. We gained access to the 1.2 million
e-mail messag es taken during the raid as well as the
notes fr om some of the FBI interviews. It would be five
more m onths before we had a ny access to the millions of
pages o f paper documents that had been seized, not to
mention the hundreds of thousands of computer files
that had been copied during the raid. The government
had almost three years to rev iew all this material; it was
going to take the defense years to work through it. Once the disclosure materials began arriving, Randy
and the Baker Botts team k ept giving me tasks to do:
review these tens of thous ands of e-mail messages;
review all six years of notes from the executive meetings;
review all my written responses to years of nightly take-home work. I would periodic ally go up to D.C. to work
with th e team on specific items. There were always four
or five attorne ys from Baker Botts working on the case
on m y behalf. All the other executives’ attorneys also had
dedicated teams, though not always as large. The further
we g ot i nto the  material, the m ore obvious it became—no
one except Bobby and his group had done anything
wrong. There were no e-ma il messages or documents
that sho wed an y executive instructing, or even implying,
that accountin g should be done improperly. We had
thirty to forty o f our attorneys buried in these documents
solely to find anything tha t could tie us to Bobby’s
misdeeds. No one found any hard evidence against any
of the defendants. Unfortunately, since we had worked
with Bobby Davids on a regular basis, there would


ases	ignores	more	powerful	solutions	that	can	be	employed	today. Obsessively	controlling	your	intake	of	any	one	nutrient,	such	as
carbohydrates,	fat,	cholesterol	or	omega-3	fats,	will	not	result	in	long-
term	health. Vitamins	and	nutrient	supplements	do	not	give	you	long-term	protection
against	disease. Drugs	and	surgery	don’t	cure	the	diseases	that	kill	most	Americans. Your	doctor	probably	does	not	know	what	you	need	to	do	to	be	the
healthiest	you	can	be. I	propose	to	do	nothing	less	than	redefine	what	we	think	of	as	good
nutrition. The	provocative	results	of	my	four	decades	of	biomedical	research,
including	the	findings	from	a	twenty-seven-year	laboratory	program	(funded
by	the	most	reputable	funding	agencies)	prove	that	eating	right	can	save	your
life. I	will	not	ask	you	to	believe	conclusions	based	on	my	personal
observations,	as	some	popular	authors	do. There	are	over	750	references	in
this	book,	and	the	vast	majority	of	them	are	primary	sources	of	information,
including	hundreds	of	scientific	publications	from	other	researchers
that	point
the	way	to	less	cancer,	less	heart	disease,	fewer	strokes,	less	obesity,	less
diabetes,	less	autoimmune	disease,	less	osteoporosis,	less	Alzheimer’s,	less
kidney	stones	and	less	blindness. Some	of	the	findings,	published	in	the	most	reputable	scientific	journals,
show	that:
Dietary	change	can	enable	diabetic	patients	to	go	off	their	medication. Heart	disease	can	be	reversed	with	diet	alone. Breast	cancer	is	related	to	levels	of	female	hormones	in	the	blood,	which
are	determined	by	the	food	we	eat.Consuming	dairy	foods	can	increase	the	risk	of	prostate	cancer. Antioxidants,	found	in	fruits	and	vegetables,	are	linked	to	better	mental
performance	in	old	age. Kidney	stones	can	be	prevented	by	a	healthy	diet. Type	1	diabetes,	one	of	the	most	devastating	diseases	that	can	befall	a
child,	is	convincingly	linked	to	infant	feeding	practices. These	findings	demonstrate	that	a	good	diet	is	the	most	powerful	weapon
we	have	against	disease	and	sickness. An	understanding	of	this	scientific
evidence	is	not	only	important	for	improving	health;	it	also	has	profound
implications	for	our	entire	society. We
must
	know	why	misinformation
dominates	our	society	and	why	we	are	grossly	mistaken	in	how	we	investigate
diet	and	disease,	how	we	promote	health	and	how	we	treat	illness. By	any	number	of	measures,	America’s	health	is	failing. We	spend	far
more,	per	capita,	on	health	care	than	any	other	society	in	the	world,	and	yet
two	thirds	of	Americans	are	overweight,	and	over	15	million	Americans	have
diabetes,	a	number	that	has	been	rising	rapidly. We	fall	prey	to	heart	disease
as	often	as	we	did	thirty	years	ago,	and	the	War	on	Cancer,	launched	in	the
1970s,	has	been	a	miserable	failure. Half	of	Americans	have	a	health	problem
that	requires	taking	a	prescription	drug	every	week,	and	over	100	million
Americans	have	high	cholesterol. To	make	matters	worse,	we	are	leading	our	youth	down	a	path	of	disease
earlier	and	earlier	in	their	lives. One	third	of	the	young	people	in	this	country
are	overweight	or	at	risk	of	becoming	overweight. Increasingly,	they	are
falling	prey	to	a	form	of	diabetes	that	used	to	be	seen	only	in	adults,	and	these
young	people	now	take	more	prescription	drugs	than	ever	before. These	issues	all	come	down	to	three	things:	breakfast,	lunch	and	dinner. More	than	forty	years	ago,	at	the	beginning	of	my	career,	I	would	have
never	guessed	that	food	is	so	closely	related	to	health	problems. For	years	I
never	gave	much	thought	to	which	foods	were	best	to	eat. I	just	ate	what
everyone	else	did:	what	I	was	told	was	good	food. We	all	eat	what	is	tasty	or
what	is	convenient	or	what	our	parents	taught	us	to	prefer. Most	of	us	live
within	cultural	boundaries	that	define	our	food	preferences	and	habits. So	it	was	with	me. I	was	raised	on	a	dairy	farm	where	milk	was	central	to
our	existence. We	were	told	in	school	that	cow’s	milk	made	strong,	healthy
bones	and	teeth. It	was	Nature’s	most	perfect	food. On	our	farm,	we	produced
most	of	our	own	food	in	the	garden	or	in	the	livestock	pastures. I	was	the	first	in	my	family	to	go	to	college. I	studied	pre-veterinary
medicine	at	Penn	State	and	then	attended	veterinary	school	at	the	University
of	Georgia	for	a	year	when	Cornell	University	beckoned	with	scholarshipmoney	for	me	to	do	graduate	research	in	“animal	nutrition.”	I	transferred,	in
part,	because	they	were	going	to	pay	me	to	go	to	school	instead	of	me	paying
them. There	I	did	a	master’s	degree. I	was	the	last	graduate	student	of
Professor	Clive	McCay	a	Cornell	professor	famed	for	extending	the	lives	of
rats	by	feeding	them	much	less	food	than	they	would	otherwise	eat. My	Ph.D.
research	at	Cornell	was	devoted	to	finding	better	ways	to	make	cows	and
sheep	grow	faster. I	was	attempting	to	improve	on	our	ability	to	produce
animal	protein,	the	cornerstone	of	what	I	was	told	was	“good	nutrition.”
I	was	on	a	trail	to	promote	better	health	by	advocating	the	consumption	of
more	meat,	milk	and	eggs. It	was	an	obvious	sequel	to	my	own	life	on	the
farm	and	I	was	happy	to	believe	that	the	American	diet	was	the	best	in	the
world. Through	these	formative	years,	I	encountered	a	recurring	theme:	we
were	supposedly	eating	the	right	foods,	especially	plenty	of	high-quality
animal	protein. Much	of	my	early	career	was	spent	working	with	two	of	the	most	toxic
chemicals	ever	discovered,	dioxin	and	aflatoxin. I	initially	worked	at	MIT,
where	I	was	assigned	a	chicken	feed	puzzle. Millions	of	chicks	a	year	were
dying	from	an	unknown	toxic	chemical	in	their	feed,	and	I	had	the
responsibility	of	isolating	and	determining	the	structure	of	this	chemical. After	two	and	one-half	years,	I	helped	discover	dioxin,	arguably	the	most
toxic	chemical	ever	found. This	chemical	has	since	received	widespread
attention,	especially	because	it	was	part	of	the	herbicide	2,4,5-T,	or	Agent
Orange,	then	being	used	to	defoliate	forests	in	the	Vietnam	War. After	leaving	MIT	and	taking	a	faculty	position	at	Virginia	Tech,	I	began
coordinating	technical	assistance	for	a	nationwide	project	in	the	Philippines
working	with	malnourished	children. Part	of	the	project	became	an
investigation	of	the	unusually	high	prevalence	of	liver	cancer,	usually	an	adult
disease,	in	Filipino	children. It	was	thought	that	high	con


	Biotechnologies	and	previously
Procter	and	Gamble	and	the	Dannon	Institute—all	food	and	drug	outfits—
represented	a	strange	marriage	between	industry	and	my	society. 8
	Do	you
believe	that	these	“friends”	of	the	society	are	interested	in	pursuing	scientific
investigation,	no	matter	what	the	conclusions	may	be?CONSEQUENCES	FOR	THE	PUBLIC
Ultimately,	the	lessons	I	learned	in	my	career	had	little	to	do	with	specific
names	or	specific	institutions. These	lessons	have	more	to	do	with	what	goes
on	behind	the	scenes	of	any	large	institution. What	happens	behind	the	scenes
during	national	policy	discussions,	whether	it	happens	in	scientific	societies,
the	government	or	in	industry	boardrooms,	is	supremely	important	for	our
health	as	a	nation. The	personal	experiences	I	have	talked	about	in	this
chapter—only	a	sample	of	such	experiences—have	consequences	far	greater
than	personal	aggravation	and	damage	to	my	career. These	experiences
illustrate	the	dark	side	of	science,	the	side	that	harms	not	just	individual
researchers	who	get	in	the	way,	but	all	of	society. It	does	this	by
systematically	attempting	to	conceal,	defeat	and	destroy	viewpoints	that
oppose	the	status	quo. There	are	some	people	in	very	influential	government	and	university
positions	who	operate	under	the	guise	of	being	scientific	“experts,”	whose
real	jobs	are	to	stifle	open	and	honest	scientific	debate. Perhaps	they	receive
significant	personal	compensation	for	attending	to	the	interests	of	powerful
food	and	drug	companies,	or	perhaps	they	merely	have	an	honest	personal
bias	toward	a	company-friendly	viewpoint. Personal	bias	is	stronger	than	you
may	think. I	know	scientists	with	family	members	who	died	from	cancer	and
it	angers	them	to	entertain	the	possibility	that	personal	choices,	like	diet,
could	have	played	a	role	in	the	death	of	their	loved	ones. Likewise,	there	are
scientists	for	whom	the	high-fat,	high	animal-based	food	diet	they	eat	every
day	is	simply	what	they	learned	was	healthy	at	a	young	age;	they	love	the
habit,	and	they	don’t	want	to	change. The	vast	majority	of	scientists	are	honorable,	intelligent	and	dedicated	to
the	search	for	the	common	good	rather	than	personal	gain. However,	there	are
a	few	scientists	who	are	willing	to	sell	their	souls	to	the	highest	bidder. They
may	not	be	many	in	number,	but	their	influence	can	be
vast. They	can	corrupt
the	good	name	of	institutions	of	which	they	are	a	part	and,	most	importantly,
they	can	create	vast	confusion	among	the	public,	which	often	cannot	know
who	is	who. You	might	turn	on	the	TV	one	day	to	see	an	expert	praising
McDonald’s	hamburgers,	and	then	read	a	magazine	the	same	day	that	you
should	eat	less	high-fat	red	meat	to	protect	yourself	against	cancer. Who	is	to
be	believed? Institutions	also	are	part	of	the	dark	side	of	science. Committees	like	the
Public	Nutrition	Information	Committee	and	the	American	Council	on
Science	and	Health	generate	lopsided	panels	and	committees	and	institutions
that	are	far	more	interested	in	promoting	their	point	of	view	than	debatingscientific	research	with	an	open	mind. If	a	Public	Nutrition	Information
Committee	report	says	that	low-fat	diets	are	fraudulent	scams,	and	a	National
Academy	of	Sciences	report	says	the	opposite,	which	one	is	right? In	addition,	this	closed-mindedness	in	science	spreads	across	entire
systems. The	American	Cancer	Society	was	not	the	only	health	institution	that
worked	to	make	life	difficult	for	the	AICR. The	National	Cancer	Institute
public	information	office,	Harvard	Medical	School	and	a	few	other
universities	with	medical	schools	were	highly	skeptical	of	the	AICR	and,	in
some	cases,	outright	hostile. The	hostility	of	medical	schools	first	surprised
me,	but	when	the	American	Cancer	Society,	a	very	traditional	medical
institution,	also	joined	the	fray,	it	became	obvious	that	there	really	was	a
“Medical	Establishment.”	The	behemoth	did	not	take	kindly	to	the	idea	of	a
serious	connection	between	diet	and	cancer	or,	for	that	matter,	virtually	any
other	disease. Big	Medicine	in	America	is	in	the	business	of	treating	disease
with	drugs	and	surgery	after	symptoms	appear. This	means	that	you	might
have	turned	on	the	TV	to	see	that	the	American	Cancer	Society	gives	almost
no	credence	to	the	idea	that	diet	is	linked	to	cancer,	and	then	opened	the	paper
to	see	that	the	American	Institute	for	Cancer	Research	says	what	you	eat
impacts	your	risk	of	getting	cancer. Who	do	you	trust? Only	someone	familiar	with	the	inside	of	the	system	can	distinguish
between	sincere	positions	based	in	science	and	insincere,	self-serving
positions. I	was	on	the	inside	of	the	system	for	many	years,	working	at	the
very	top	levels,	and	saw	enough	to	be	able	to	say	that	science	is	not	always
the	honest	search	for	truth	that	so	many	believe	it	to	be. It	far	too	often
involves	money,	power,	ego	and	protection	of	personal	interests	above	the
common	good. Very	few,	if	any,	illegal	acts	need	to
occur. It	doesn’t	involve
large	payoffs	being	delivered	to	secret	bank	accounts	or	to	private
investigators	in	smoky	hotel	lobbies. It’s	not	a	Hollywood	story;	it’s	just	day-
to-day	government,	science	and	industry	in	the	United	States.14
Scientific	Reductionism
W
HEN	OUR
	N
ATIONAL
	A
CADEMY	OF
	S
CIENCES
	(NAS)	Diet,	Nutrition	and
Cancer	Committee	was	deciding	how	to	summarize	the	research	on	diet	and
cancer,	we	included	chapters	on	individual	nutrients	and	nutrient	groups. This
was	the	way	research	had	been	done,	one	nutrient	at	a	time. For	example,	the
chapter	on	vitamins	included	information	on	the	relationships	between	cancer
and	vitamins	A,	C,	E	and	some	B	vitamins. However,	in	the	report	summary,
we	recommended	getting	these	nutrients	from	foods,	not	pills	or	supplements. We	explicitly	stated	that	“These	recommendations	apply	only	to	foods	as
sources	of	nutrients—not	to	dietary	supplements	of	individual	nutrients.”
1
The	report	quickly	found	its	way	to	the	corporate	world,	which	saw	a
major	money-making	opportunity. They	ignored	our	cautionary	message
distinguishing	foods	from	pills	and	began	advertising	vitamin	pills	as
products	that	could	prevent	cancer,	arrogantly	citing	our	report	as
justification. This	was	a	great	opening	to	a	vast	new	market—commercial
vitamin	supplements. General	Nutrition,	Inc.,	the	company	with	thousands	of	General	Nutrition
Centers,	started	selling	a	product	called	“Healthy	Greens,”	a	multivitamin
supplement	of	vitamins	A,	C	and	E,	beta-carotene,	selenium	and	a	miniscule
half-gram	of	dehydrated	vegetables. Then	they	advertised	their	product	by
making	the	following	claims
2
:
[The
Diet,	Nutrition	and	Cancer
	report]	recommended	we	increase


and other artificial winter foods during gestation, labor was
often difficult and attended by death of the young. Present farm practices involve feeding animals mainly or
entirely upon raw foods. The dietary balance is established on
the basis of flesh, milk, and egg production rather than health,
and an excess of grains is often given to the exclusion of
other important dietary essentials. The inclusion of purified
nutrients with commercial feeds, the lack of fresh, green foods for some animals, together with extensive vaccination
and other medical procedures, tend to produce adverse
reactions in animal health in many instances. As a rule,
however, the liberal use of raw foods tends to offset, to some
degree, these factors, and farm animals as a whole are less affected by disease than are humans. According to Furnas, in
reference to domestic breeds, "it takes at least a dozen
average animals to have as much ill-health as a single
human." The animals usuall
y live several times as lon g as the period of growth. If they were as  ill as man, we would need
more than 150,000 veterinarians in the United States to take
care of them. HEALTH IN WILD NATURE
   Within all branches of the wild animal kingdom, the
exclusive use of raw foods is the norm of existence. Accordingly, a study of wild animal life might be expected to reveal the effects of a raw food diet. While many of the features of wild animal health are doubtless directly attributable to nutritive habits, this is not true in all cases. There are often adverse factors in nature which are largely or
entirely absent in civilization. Thus, while the wild animal is receiving excellent nutrition when food is available, it is
starving when food is not available. When the animal is
thirsty, it must drink from sewage-polluted water if no other
source of water exists. If the animal lives in an area which has
been subjected to treatment with insecticide sprays, much of its food supply may be poisoned. If ticks carrying tulmaria
and other transmissible diseases are active, no means of
defense are available. When injury from predators or
accidents occurs, no special care of the animal is possible. When heavy snow and severe cold strike, there is no
protection against excessive exposure. In consideration of all of these facts, it would be far too
much to expect to find a condition of perfect health existing
throughout wild nature. The wonder is not that wild animals
are subject to some disease; the wonder is that they are able
to survive at all. The fact that they do survive and also
maintain a high level of physical excellence in many respects is important to us. Certainly much of the good health that
does exist in wild nature may be attributed to the use of raw
foods, and if good nutrition during times of food availability did not exist, it is doubtful that the animal could be carried
through many periods of intense stress, exposure, and food
scarcity. The use of raw food in nature gives health and vigor
to all biological life. If only cooked foods were available, it is
certain that life could not exist on its present scale, and the
extinction of many species would be probable. I
NFECTIONS
   Biologists have often reported the existence of infectious
diseases in wild animals. It cannot be said that such diseases
are especially common, but they do occur. The reasons
behind the e pizootics which occasionall y spread throu gh animals of a particular area are not as yet fully understood. It
is known that most wild animals carry ticks which can
produce disease. When a particular species has multiplied
beyond the normal carrying capacity of the land, and sufficient food is no longer available, the ticks multiply in
number and their hosts may succumb to disease. Careful
studies of wild animal life have shown that cyclic reductions
in the numbers of certain species occur after a peak in
numbers has been reached, which exceeds the toleration point of range capacity. The causes of disease under such
conditions are not ascribed to malnutrition, although they can
be due in part to undernutrition, due to insufficient quantity of
food. Parasites are abundant in wild nature, but they seldom
seriously affect their host and their presence is of little
importance. In nature a live-and-let-live compromise—a mutual modus vivendi— has been established between
parasites and animals, and the presence of thousands of
parasites does not necessarily produce disease or cause death. Most wild grouse, for instance, harbor thousands of minute
threadworms, but this has no noticeable ill-effects upon the health and vigor of the bird. It is only when the normal
conditions of animal life are altered, usually by human
interference, that parasites will gain the upper hand and
enfeeble their hosts. Continuous bad weather, a lack of food,
or close inbreeding within a stock may also tend to lower animal vigor and allow parasites to multiply enormously and
bring about fatal results. Fortunately, such conditions are not
sufficiently frequent or severe to produce a significant
amount of disease in wild animal life. W
ILD ANIMAL DENTITION
   The real superiority of wild animal health—and this may be
attributed very largely to the use of uncooked food—is shown
by the almost complete absence of dental decay, and the very
low rate of parodontal disease, in all animals living under
natural conditions. The most complete study of wild animal
dentition ever undertaken was that of the British scientist, Sir Frank Colyer. A total of 18,365 wild animal skulls were
examined, covering all major groups of mammals. The
percentage of skulls showing traces of decay was less than
one-fifth of one per cent in all groups except the primates,
and in the latter the percentage was only 1.4 per cent. There was also remarkable freedom from infection in teeth which
had been injured in battle or accident. Even in the case of
severe injury, when teeth had been split through the pulp,
healin
g usuall y took place without su ppuration. Parodontal disease, involving localized bone destruction in the tissues
surrounding the teeth, was enti rely absent in some animal
groups and extremely rare in others. Hypoplasia, a condition
involving pitting of the teeth, was seldom noted in wild animal skulls, and was of a mild type in the few discovered
cases. Likewise, abnormal positions of teeth were noted in
wild animals, but only in a small percentage of cases and
involving slight irregularities of the dental arch. Colyer also studied the skulls of large numbers of captive
animals, and he found the presence of much dental decay,
parodontal disease, hypoplasia, and variation in tooth position in many of the specimens. The great contrast between the
near-perfect condition of wild animal dentition and the many
defects of captive animal dentition was always apparent. Parodontal disease was the most severe affection of the
captive animals. Colyer stated that "The disease is caused by an alteration in the character of the diet of the animal, either
of a physical or chemical nature—in other words, by a
departure from natural diet and conditions." Other dental
defects in captive animals were also attributed to the feeding
of artificial foodstuffs which would not be consumed in wild nature. Colyer's important research is strong evidence for the
value of raw foods in maintaining excellent dentition with high immunity to all forms of oral pathology. Superior wild animal health is also manifested in other
ways. Sexual pathology is considered extremely rare in
nature. Degenerative diseases doubtless exist, but they are not
common. Dr. Herbert Fox, the famous veterinarian of the Philadelphia Zoological Garden, has made the most extensive
of all studies on the health of wild animals. He reports finding
less disease in recently captured wild animals than in those which are reared under zoological conditions. Concerning
neoplasms, Dr. Fox states that "there is an impression of their
extreme scarcity among wild animals." Dr. Fox found
arthritis in wild specimens but only in an extremely small
percentage of cases. Parasites were common, but they did not appear to lower animal vigor or act as an important cause of
disease. S
ENILITY
   As many wild animals are victims of predation, accidents,
deep snows, sub-zero cold, etc., it cannot be said that their
average duration of life is especially long. Yet some wild
creatures doubtless do reach the natural termination of their
existence, and this is accomplished with fewer signs of aging than are seen in civilized man. The biolo
gist, Sir J. Arthur Thompson, has often referred to the healthfulness of nature as
being manifested by the absence of senility and the rarity of
more than mild senescence. He states that man has "a
monopoly of senility" and in wild nature "there may be indications of senescence or normal aging, but there is no
senility." It is difficult to tell the age of some mature animals
without examining the teeth for wear. After maturity is
reached, the aging process is very slow, and all animals look
very much alike. A decrepit animal is so rare that few naturalists, hunters, or trappers ever see one. As Thompson so
well points out: "Nature has much more to teach man than he
has yet learned, and it would be well, indeed, if man could
come closer to wild nature's standard of positive health and prolonged youthful-ness." H
EALTH


 the mind of emotional autointoxication and constipation. Diverticular disease of the colon is occurring at an  ever-
increasing rate. It is a serious  bowel disturbance leading to many difficulties and must be avoided. When the diet is lacking in bulk
or fiber, the colonic muscle must work extremely hard to force feces through the organ. Where there is weakness in muscle fib ers a
hernia occurs, producin g a small pouch or sac -like protrudence in the tissue. It looks like a blister on the side of a tire where the air
is forcing its way to the surface through a weak spot in the tire wall. These sacs, or diverticula, are blind in one end. The refore
feces acc umulate within them and hold morbid matter in which a variety of very unfavorable organisms can begin to breed. They become sources of infection, inflammation and degenerative conditions. They are also the host for the production of
powerful toxins, adding  to an already over -burdened and toxic body. I have seen X -rays of the colon in which there were 142 of
these little sacs on one bowel. When these diverticula become inflamed and irritated, we have a case of diverticulitis. Shoul d any
one of these festerin g sacs produce a rupture, then we have a grave situation in which life is threatened by the release of these very
poisonous substances into the abdominal cavity of the body where infection can spread quite rapidly. Mucosal dysfunction occurs when the inte stinal mucus lining becomes stagnant and putrefactive. It begins to develop many
unfavorable conditions. No longer does it serve the function of facilitating elimination of fecal material. Instead it degene rates in
several ways. It can become abcessed, in which case irritations, abrasions, ulcerations and bleeding can occur. Food passage
can be very painful. Mucus can dehydrate and accumulate due to increased viscid consistency. This causes layer upon layer to be
built up until extreme constipation occurs. This old material becomes a source of infection and toxic absorption, holding many
otherwise excreted products. It also greatly inhibits the absorption of nutrients and water, adding to nutritional crisis. A spastic
bowel is often associated with colitis. The point I want to stress is that when bowel muscle or any muscle is overworked, tense and
not given an opportunity to rest, it will go into a spasm. Muscle spasm is a chronic tightening of the fibers due to hyperact ivity in
the nerve impulses controlling  muscle action. The symptoms frequently manifest as constipation, alternating with diarrhea. Mental
and emotional stresses are high on the list of contributing factors, coupled with chronic toxemia and poor diet. A stricture of the bowel usually occurs af ter an inflammatory disease such as colitis has damaged the tissue. It is a chronic
narrowing of the passageway that often results in a backup of feces that are unable to pass through. The feces accumulate in front
of the stricture, causing ballooning, whi le the segment just past the stricture collapses. Ulceration of the bowel occurs due to
irritations, abrasions, infections and toxic concentrations settling in or on muscle tissue. This results in open sores, blee ding and
much pain as is common in hemorrho ids, etc. The sigmoid and rectum are the sites for most of these troubles. Again,
autointoxication and constipation are the root causes. THE FOLLOWING DRAWINGS ILLUSTRATE THE VARIOUS ABNORMAL SHAPES OF THE BOWEL IN COMPARISON
TO A NORMAL BOWEL. There should be no doubt about the relation between health of the intestinal tract and health in the rest of the body. Intest inal
management probably is the most important thing a person can learn in a health -building routine. Some of the most important
functions of life take place in the intestines. Through it worn out cells are eliminated and new cell structures have their be ginning. At the Battle Creek Sanitarium I heard Dr. John Harvey Kellogg say he knew of many cases in which operations were prevent ed
by cleansing and revitalizing the bowel. He maintained that 90% of the diseases of civilization are due to improper functioni ng of
the colon. Sir Arbuthnot Lane (M.D.) of London has shown the relation between bowel stasis and disease. He left no doubt a s to
how seriously he regarded the effects of intestinal intoxication when he said, “The lower end of the intestine is of the size  that
requires emptying every six hours, but by habit we retain its contents twenty -four hours. The result is ulcers and cance r.”
Besides these world -renowned exponents of intestinal sanitation, other authorities have given recognition to the belief that
cleanliness of the colon is necessary to good health. It is believed that disorders such as appendicitis, infected tonsils, l iver and
gall-bladder infections, dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels, sinusitis, arthritis and rheumatism, etc., no doubt have thei r
origin in a sluggish colon. There is also an increasing number of morbid conditions in the various parts of the colon, involving the
flexures, the rectum and the anus. Consider the amount of surgery and various therapies of hemorrhoids, fistulas, prostate
disturbances and malignancies. While I attended the National College in Chicago  many years ago, autopsies were performed on 300 persons. According to the
history of these persons, 285 had claimed they were not constipated and had normal movements, and only 15 had admitted they
were constipated. The autopsies showed the opposite to be  the case, however, and only 15 were found not to have been
constipated, while 285 were found to have been constipated. Some of the histories of these 285 persons stated they had had as
many as 5 or 6 bowel movements daily, yet autopsies revealed that in s ome of them the bowels were 12 inches in diameter. The
bowel walls were encrusted with material (in one case peanuts) which had been lodged there for a very long time. Thus we see that
the average patient coming to a doctor’s office does not know whether o r not he is constipated. Some of my patients believe that if
they have three bowel movements a day they have diarrhea, and that a couple of movements a week is normal. An example of the
latter was a lady patient I had who assured me that she had normal mov ements; that her bowels moved regularly, every Tuesday
and Friday morning. Most people have not been properly educated in their childhood to realize the importance of adequate dail y
elimination and to heed nature’s call to evacuate the rectum. This indiffe rence to the natural urge to evacuate the bowels may be
the beginning of constipation. Doctor John Harvey Kellogg, who gave us so much of his philosophy and practical experience, lived to the age of 91. Since he did
more work in connection with intestinal  sanitation than anyone in this country, his advice should be worth listening to. It was his
opinion that we should eliminate the residue of each meal 15 to 18 hours after eating it. Babies, savages, birds and animals
evacuate a short time after each meal. Observe from the following statistics published by the Register General of England that no
group has contributed more to the death rate from intestinal diseases than doctors. “Comparative Mortality from Diseases of the Digestive System.”
Physicians, sur geons 50
Inn-keepers 45
Barristers, solicitors 44
Seamen 43
Clergymen, priests, ministers 34
Butchers 30
Car men, carriers 28
Farmers 25
Gardeners 22
Railway guards, porters 20
Agricultural labourers 19
Average among all workers 28

As shown by the above s tatistics, the death rate of doctors is 31 points higher than that of agricultural laborers, and 22 points
higher than that of the average death rate of all workers who die of diseases of the digestive system. Is there a way that th ese
troubles can be avoi ded? Yes there is. Early detection will help in many cases, but the real remedy is found in changing the diet
and ways of living. In the meantime, there is only one way that we can do this and that is by making sure that everyone has a n X-
ray to see if the se conditions actually exist. We believe that practically everyone has bowel troubles in the civilized world today
due in part to the way we are eating. We can’t usually sense these things because the nerve supply to the bowel is so poor th at we
don’t know  we have a serious problem until we have pain. Any time there is pain in the bowel, it is a serious condition. Whenever
there is gas, and it cannot be taken care of through the ordinary food routine or through ordinary treatments, then we know i t is
very s erious indeed. I believe that long before any of these symptoms appear in the body there are preconditions in the bowel and
we should be able to see how to take care of these things before symptoms appear. If a person is going to check up on the pre sence
of diverticula, possibly the best way is through the barium enema X -ray. This is one of the finest ways of doing it. There should
always be two X -rays; one when the bowel is


 we come to the first of the psychological dramas that you and I
may use in a practical sense, let me state the two outstanding names of
the Bible: the one you and I translate as GOD or JEHOVAH, and the one
we call his son, which we has as JESUS. More Free Books Law of Attraction HavenThe ancients spelled these names by using little symbols. The ancient
tongue, called the Hebraic language, was not a tongue that you exploded
with the breath. It was a mystical language never uttered by man. Those
who understood it, understood it as mathematicians understand symbols
of higher mathematics. It is not something people used to convey thought
as I now use the English language. They said that God's name was spelled, JOD HE VAU HE. I shall take
these symbols and in our normal, down to earth language, explain them
in this manner. The first letter, JOD in the name of GOD is a hand or a seed, not just a
hand, but the hand of the director. If there is one organ of man that dis -
criminates and sets him apart from the entire world of creation it is his
hand. What we call a hand in the anthropoid ape is not a hand. It is used
only for the purpose of conveying food to the mouth, or to swing branch
to branch. Man's hand fashions, it molds. You cannot really express your -
self without the hand. This is the builder's hand, the hand of the director;
it directs and molds, and builds within your world. The ancient story-tellers called the first letter JOD, the hand, or the abso -
lute seed out of which the whole of creation will come. To the second letter, HE, they gave the symbol of a window. A window is
an eye – the window is to the house what the eye is to the body. The third letter, VAU, they called a nail. A nail is used for the purpose of
binding things together. The conjunction “and” in the Hebraic tongue is
simply the third letter, or VAU. If I want to say'man and woman', I put
the VAU in the middle, it binds them together. The fourth and last letter, HE, is another window or eye. In this modern, down to earth language of ours, you can forget eyes and
windows and hands and look at it in this manner. You are seated here
now. This first letter, JOD, is your I Amness, your awareness. You are
aware of being aware – that is the first letter. Out of this awareness all
states of awareness come. The second letter, HE, called an eye, is your imagination, your ability to
perceive. You imagine or perceive something which seems to be other
than Self. As though you were lost in reverie and contemplated mental
states in a detached manner, making the thinker and his thoughts sepa -
rate entities. The third letter, VAU, is your ability to feel that you are that which you de -
sire to be. As you feel you are it, you become aware of being it. To walk
More Free Books Law of Attraction Havenas though you were what you want to be is to take your desire out of the
imaginary world and put the VAU upon it. You have completed the drama
of creation. I am aware of something. Then I become aware of actually
being that of which I was aware. The fourth and last letter in the name of God is another HE, another eye,
meaning the visible objective world which constantly bears witness of that
which I am conscious of being. You do nothing about the objective world;
it always molds itself in harmony with that which you are conscious of be -
ing. You are told this is the name by which all things are made, and without it
there is nothing made that is made. The name is simply what you have
now as you are seated here. You are conscious of being, aren't you? Cer -
tainly you are. You are also conscious of something that is other than
yourself: the room, the furniture, the people. You may become selective now. Maybe you do not want to be other than
what you are, or to own what you see. But you have the capacity to feel
what it would be like were you now other than what you are. As you as -
sume that you are that which you want to be, you have completed the
name of God or the JOD HE VAU HE. The final result, the objectification of
your assumption, is not your concern. It will come into view automatically
as you assume the consciousness of being it. Now let us turn to the Son's name, for he gives the Son dominion over
the world. You are that Son, you are the great Joshua, or Jesus, of the
Bible. You know the name Joshua or Jehoshua we have Anglicized as Je -
sus. The Son's name is almost like the Father's name. The first three letters of
the Father's name are the first three letters of the Son's name, JOD HE
VAU, then you add a SHIN and an AYIN, making the Son's name read,
JOD HE VAU SHIN AYIN. You have heard what the first three are: JOD HE VAU. JOD means that
you are aware; He means that you are aware of something; and VAU
means that you became aware of being that of which you were aware. You have dominion because you have the ability to conceive and to be -
come that which you conceive. That is the power of creation. But why is a SHIN put in the name of the Son? Because of the infinite
mercy of our Father. Mind you, the Father and the Son are one. But when
the Father becomes conscious of being man he puts within the condition
called man that which he did not give unto himself. He puts a SHIN for
this purpose; a SHIN is symbolized as a tooth. More Free Books Law of Attraction HavenA tooth is that which consumes, that which devours. I must have within
me the power to consume that which I now dislike. I, in my ignorance,
brought to birth certain things I know dislike and would like to leave be -
hind me. Were there not within me the flames that would consume it, I
would be condemned forever to live in a world of all my mistakes. But
there is a SHIN, or flame, within the name of the Son, which allows that
Son to become detached from states HE formerly expressed within the
world. Man is incapable of seeing other than the contents of his own con -
sciousness. If I now become detached in consciousness from this room by turning my
attention away from it, then, I am no longer conscious of it. There is
something in me that devours it within me. It can only live within my ob -
jective world if I keep it alive within my consciousness. It is the SHIN, or a tooth, in the Son's name that gives him absolute do -
minion. Why could it not have been in the Father's name? For this simple
reason: nothing can cease to be in the Father. Even the unlovely things
cannot cease to be. If I once give it expression, forever and ever it re -
mains locked within the dimensionally greater Self which is the Father. But
I would not like to keep alive within my world all of my mistakes. So I, in
my infinite mercy gave to myself, when I became man, the power to be -
come detached from these things that I, in my ignorance, brought to birth
in my world. These are the two names which give you dominion. You have dominion if,
as you walk the earth, you know that your consciousness if God, the one
and only reality. You become aware of something you would like to ex -
press or possess. You have the ability to feel that you are and possess
that which but a moment before was imaginary. The final result, the em -
bodying of your assumption, is completely outside of the offices of a
three-dimensional mind. It comes to birth in a way that no man knows. If these two names are clear in your mind's eye, you will see that they are
your eternal names. As you sit here, you are this JOD HE VAU HE, you are
the JOD HE VAU SHIN AYIN. The stories of the Bible concern themselves exclusively with the power of
imagination. They are really dramatizations of the technique of prayer, for
prayer is the secret of changing the future. The Bible reveals the key by
which man enters a dimensionally larger world for the purpose of chang -
ing the conditions of the lesser world in which he lives. A prayer granted implies that something is done in consequence of the
prayer, which otherwise would not have been done. Therefore, man is the
spring of action, the directing mind, and the one who grants the prayer. More Free Books Law of Attraction HavenThe stories of the Bible contain a powerful challenge to the thinking ca -
pacity of man. The underlying truth – that they are psychological dramas
and not historical facts – demands reiteration, inasmuch as it is the only
justification for the stories. With a little imagination we may easily trace
the psychological sense in all the stories of the Bible. “And God said, Let us make man in our image, and after our likeness; and
let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the


 practice, and by the
end of 1957, more than 15,000 communities with a total popu-
lation exceeding 32,000,000 had already accepted fluoridation. It has long been known that many of the chemicals added to
water have toxic effects when used in adequate amounts. Some
are fatal poisons when used in their pure, undiluted state. When
used in great dilution, as in drinking water, there are no severe
reactions of immediate poisoning, though there may be cumula-
tive effects of poisoning over a period of time. Medical journals
record many cases of allergies, asthma, hives, and other adverse
reactions which were traced to the use of chlorinated water. DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS DRINKING WATER
Fluoridation is the most dangerous of all methods of treating
water. Sodium fluoride is one of the most poisonous of all chemi-
cal compounds. It is widely employed as the active ingredient in
commercial rat poisons and moth control preparations. When
given in small traces to rats and mice, it slows the animals7 mental
reactions to a considerable degree. When cattle are exposed to
fluoride fumes from industrial plants they suffer from fluorisis, or
fluoride poisoning. The bones of the cattle become enlarged and
more fragile, and the normal bone tissue is replaced by softer
material. With humans, a mild form of fluorisis occurs in those locali-
ties where the drinking water contains more than two parts per
million of fluorine. The teeth of the people who drink this water
become stained and mottled, the color ranging from a light yel-
low to a dark brown. In addition, they occasionally become trans-
lucent and, in some cases, pitted. Some of the teeth age more
rapidly than normal, as is indicated by the narrowing of root
canals and enlargement of the roots. 1n severe cases of fluorine
poisoning, the entire body may be affected, with retarded ossifi-
cation and the transparency and softening of certain bones, de-
pressed appetite, diuresis, anorexia, estrual disturbances, and loss
of weight. Sodium fluoride is added to the water supply of cities in
amounts of one part per million. This trace amount is sufficient
to cause a limited reduction in dental decay, and the ill-effects
are so mild as to be scarcely noticed during the first years of
fluoridation. But this does not mean that no damage occurs on
a long-range basis. Slight mottling of the teeth, together with
increases in some diseases, have already been reported in a number
of cases. It has also been noted that, whereas fluoridation increases
resistance to dental decay, the teeth are lost more rapidly than
normal. Gingivitis appears to become more pronounced. In
short, the fluoridation of water may do considerable harm in
exchange for very slight benefit. If additional fluorine is needed, this is best obtained from
natural foods. The toxic tolerance point of fluorine in food is many times as high - possibly hundreds of times as high - as
that of the pure sodium fluoride added to drinking water. Wheat
has been examined which contained 400 parts per million of
I fluorine. Buckwheat grown on treated soils in Arizona contained
I as much as 9,900 parts per million of fluorine. And such foods
have been satisfactorily used in animal and human nutrition. It
is thus obvious that fluorine is best secured from natural food
sources; attempting to obtain this chemical from our water
supply is both relatively ineffective and dangerous. The best water for human consumption is tested well water
and spring water. This may be substituted for highly chemical-
ized water. Bottled spring water is readily available in some com-
munities at moderate cost, and it is a safe and sensible solution
to the water problem in large urban centers. Distilled water may
also be used, but it is less palatable than spring water and can-
not be given first preference. With pure spring water, you will
find advantages in flavor as well as health. I CONFECTIONS
some three billion pounds of candy.-Basic ingredients in the
candy included over a billion pounds of refined sugar, over seven
hundred million pounds of refined corn syrup and corn starch,
and over four hundred million pounds of chocolate. Additional
ingredients included chemical preservatives, anti-oxidants, stabi-
lizers, thickeners, buffers, acids, and synthetic coloring and flavor-
ing extracts. Wholesome ingredients, such as fruits, nuts, and
dairy products, were used in very small amounts. All ingredients
were thoroughly heat-processed during manufacture of the candy. Glucose is a common form of refined sugar found in candy. It possesses little sweetness and is used chiefly as a "filler" to
increase the weight and body of the candy. Glucose is absorbed
more rapidly by the blood than any other form of sugar; four
ounces of glucose, for instance, will be found in the blood within
fifteen minutes after it is consumed. This rapid absorption is
actually a serious disadvantage, for it overworks the pancreas,
which must rapidly secrete large quantities of insulin to handle
the "shock" dosage of sugar. In experimental animals, glucose
tends to cause diabetes and it may do likewise in man. The
presence of this sugar in candy renders the food much less suitable
for human use. The Food'and Drug Administration has no standards for candy
ingredients, and the individual manufacturers are free to treat,
their products with chemical additives as they see fit. Titanium
dioxide is put into some candy to give it a white pigment. This
chemical is also used to make artificial leather, linoleum, lacquer,
rubber plastics, shoe cream, and the white pigment in paint. Acetaldehyde, a flammable liquid known to be irritating to mu- cous membranes and to cause death in large doses, is used to
flavor some candies. Esters, used industrially to make paints and
varnishes, are additional flavoring agents. Ethers, normally used
in making matches, dyes, and photographic films, are also used
to flavor candy. They are believed to be a cause of some respira-
tory ailments and are considered harmful to the kidneys. To keep
candy from getting brittle, manufacturers use a group of chemi-
cals known as humecants. These include mannitol, otherwise
used in the manufacture of dry electrolytic condensers; propylene
glycol, otherwise used as a disinfectant, and sorbitol, otherwise
used in anti-freeze mixtures. Candy may be preserved with either
of two well known poisons, sodium benzoate or sulphur dioxide. Sodium benzoate is used in very small amounts, as large doses
can be fatal. Sulphur dioxide is an industrial disinfectant which
has deleterious effects upon kidney function and metabolism
when used in food. Maraschino cherries, widely used in choco-
late covered candies, are prepared by bleaching out all of the
original color of the fruit with a solution of sulphur dioxide and
brine. Then they are artificially colored with a new red color. Artificial flavor is also added and the cherries are preserved for
marketing in a solution of alcohol. The basic purpose behind modern confectionery is to create
an inexpensive product that will keep indefinitely. Artificial in-
gredients are much less expensive than natural ingredients and
they are scarcely perishable at all. So the modern confectioner
wants to make his product as artificial as humanly possible. Yet,
completely natural confections can be made, and for those who
are willing to pay for real food instead of artificial "fillers~' they
represent an acceptable method of satisfying the normal desire
for sweets. Unfumigated dates, unsulphured sun-dried fruits,
nuts, sunflower seeds, honey, cream, butter, fruit juices, and
other natural ingredients may be employed in dozens of combi-
nations in the preparation of vitamin-rich uncooked candy. If
you cannot obtain such candy through natural food outlets, you
can make it in your home. The candy should be kept under
refrigeration if long preservation is necessary. XVI. Ice Cream
I CE CREAM WAS ORIGINALLY SOLD AS A
confection and formed a very small part of the American food
supply. It was made primarily from cream, milk, eggs, sugar, and
fresh fruit. But in the modern era these circumstances have
changed. Ice cream has become a staple food of our civilization,
and we are urged to depend upon it as an important source of
calcium and other dietary essentials. Ice cream has even been
described as a health food for children. We are told that all
ingredients now used in ice cream are "pure" and that all equip-
ment used in manufacturing the product is modern and spot-
lessly clean. Until 1958, there were no federal laws regulating the ingre-
dients of ice cream or the labeling of ingredients within the ice
cream package. The ingredients in ice cream were left entirely
to dairy associations and state legislatures. Most states passed
requirements on the butterfat content of ice cream, but beyond
that, manufacturers were given a free hand to produce their
product as they saw fit. Accordingly, most commercial ice cream
could be more aptly described as imitation ice cream than real
ice cream. Butterfat requirements were set


localities: the children have not the splendidly developed features, and the people give no evidence
of the great physical reserve that is present in the smaller communities. Through the kindness of Dr. William Barry, a local dentist, and through that of the
superintendent of the public schools, we were invited to use one of the school buildings for our
studies of the children. The summer classes were dismissed with instructions that the children be
retained so that we could have them for study. Several factors were immediately apparent. The
teeth were shining and clean, giving eloquent testimony of the thoroughness of the instructions in the
use of the modern dentifrices for efficient oral prophylaxis. The gums looked better and the teeth
more beautiful for having the debris and deposits removed. Surely this superb climate, this
magnificent setting, combined with the best of the findings of modern prophylactic science, should
provide a 100-per-cent immunity to tooth decay. But in a study of the children from eight to fifteen
years of age, 29.8 per cent of the teeth had already been attacked by dental caries. Our study of
each case included careful examining of the mouth; photographing of the face and teeth; obtaining
of samples of saliva for chemical analysis; and a study of the program of nutrition followed by the
given case. In most cases, the diet was strikingly modern, and the only children found who did not
have tooth decay proved to be children who were eating the natural foods, whole rye bread and
plenty of milk. In Chapter 15, a detailed discussion of the chemical differences in the food constituents is
presented for both the districts subject to immunity, and for those subject to susceptibility. I was told by a former resident of this upper Engadin country that in one of the isolated valleys
only a few decades ago the children were still carrying their luncheons to school in the form of
roasted rye carried dry in their pockets. Their ancestors had eaten cereal in this dry form for
centuries. St. Moritz is a typical Alpine community with a physical setting lar to that in the Cantons of Bern
and Wallis (Valais). It is, however, provided with modern nutrition consisting of an abundance of
white-flour products, marmalades, jams, canned vegetables, confections, and fruits--all of which
are transported to the district. Only a limited supply of vegetables is grown locally. We studied
some children here whose parents retained their primitive methods of food selection, and without
exception those who were immune to dental caries were eating a distinctly different food from
those with high susceptibility to dental caries. Few countries of the world have had officials so untiring in their efforts to study and tabulate the
incidence of dental caries in various geographic localities as has Switzerland. In the section lying to7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 29/250the north and east, and near Lake Constance, there is a considerable district where it is reported
that 100 per cent of the people are suffering from dental caries. In almost all the other parts of
Switzerland in which the population is large 95 to 98 per cent of the people suffer from dental
caries. Of the two remaining districts, in one there is from 90 to 95 per cent and in the other from
85 to 90 per cent individual susceptibility to dental caries. Since in the district in the vicinity of
Lake Constance the incidence of dental caries is so high that it is recorded as 100 per cent, it
seemed especially desirable to make a similar critical study there and to obtain samples of saliva
and detailed information regarding the food, and to make detailed physical examinations of
growing children in this community, and through the great kindness of Dr. Hans Eggenberger,
Director of Public Health for this general district, we were given an opportunity to do so. Arrangements were made by Dr. Eggenberger so that typical groups of children, some in
institutions, could be studied. He is located at Herisau in the Canton of St. Gall. We found work
well organized for building up the health of these children in so far as outdoor treatment, fresh air,
and sunshine were concerned. As dental caries is a major problem, and probably nutritional, it is
treated by sunshine. The boys' group and girls' group are both given suitable athletic sports under
skillfully trained directors. These groups are located in different parts of the city. Their recreation
grounds are open lawns adjoining wooded knolls which give the children protection and isolation in
which to play in their sunsuits and build vigorous appetites, and thus to prepare for their institutional
foods which were largely from a modern menu. Critical dental examinations were made and an
analysis of the data obtained revealed that one-fourth of all teeth of these growing boys and girls
had already been attacked by dental caries, and that only 4 per cent of the children had escaped
from the ravages of tooth decay, which disease many of them had in an aggravated form. In the Herisau group 25.5 per cent of the 2,065 teeth examined had been attacked by dental
caries and many teeth were abscessed. The upper photographs in Fig. 4 are of two girls with
typically rampant tooth decay. The one to the left is sixteen years of age and several of her
permanent teeth are decayed to the gum line. Her appearance is seriously marred, as is also that of
the girl to the right. Another change that is seen in passing from the isolated groups with their more nearly normal
facial developments, to the groups of the lower valleys, is the marked irregularity of the teeth with
narrowing of the arches and other facial features. In the lower half of Fig. 4 may be seen two such
cases. While in the isolated groups not a single case of a typical mouth breather was found, many
were seen among the children of the lower-plains group. The children studied were from ten to
sixteen years of age.7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 30/250Fig. 4. In the modernized districts of Switzerland tooth decay is
rampant. The girl, upper left, is sixteen and the one to the right is
younger. They use white bread and sweets liberally. The two children
below have very badly formed dental arches with crowding of the
teeth. this deformity is not due to heredity. Many individuals in the modernized districts bore on their faces scars which indicated that the
abscess of an infected tooth had broken through to the external surface where it had developed a
fistula with resultant scar tissue, thus producing permanent deformity. Bad as these conditions were, we were told that they were better than the average for the
community. The ravages of dental caries had been strikingly evident as we came in contact with the
local and traveling public. As we had at St. Moritz, we found an occasional child with much better
teeth than the average. Usually the answer was not far to seek. For example, in one of the St.
Moritz groups, in a class of sixteen boys, there were 158 cavities, or an average of 9.8 cavities per
person (fillings are counted as cavities). In the cases of three other children in the same group,
there were only three cavities, and one case was without dental caries. Two of these three had
been eating dark bread or entire-grain bread, and one was eating dark bread and oatmeal
porridge. All three drank milk liberally. When looking here for the source of dairy products one is impressed by the absence of cows at
pasture in the plains of Switzerland, areas in which a large percentage of the entire population
resides. True, one frequently sees large laiteries or creameries, but the cows are not in sight. On
asking the explanation for this, I found that a larger quantity of milk could be obtained from the
cows if they were kept in the stables during the period of high production. Indeed, this was a
necessity in most of these communities since there were so few fences, and during the time of the
growth of the crops, including the stock feed for the winter's use, it was necessary that the cows
be kept enclosed. About the only time that cows were allowed out on pasture was in the fall after
the crops had been harvested and while the stubble was being plowed. Among the children in St. Moritz and Herisau, those groups with the lower number of cavities
per person were using milk more or less liberally. Of the total number of children examined in both
places only 11 per cent were using milk in their diets, whereas 100 per cent of the children in the
other districts that provided immunity were using milk. Nearly every child in St. Moritz was eating
white bread. In Herisau, all but one of the children examined were eating white bread in whole or7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 31/250in principal part. Since so many cattle were stall-fed in the thickly populated part of Switzerland, and since so
low a proportion of the children used milk even sparingly, I was concerned to know what use was
made of the milk. Numerous road signs announcing the brand of sweetened milk chocolate made
in the several districts suggested one use.