800m co mpetition during the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles a nd silver at
the 1988 Olympics in Seoul. Fu rther accomplishments included bronze in
the 800 meters at the 1983 W o rld Championships and gold in the 1,500
meters during the 1987 and 1995 Pan American Games. By  the end of
1984, he  was the National Collegiate Athletic Association champion and
Olympic champ ion; undefeated in all seven of his 800m finals; had run the
second-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-fastest 800m times in history; and easily
ranked as number one in the world for the 800 meters in 1984.
The legendary Czech athlete Emil Zátopek, described by the New Y ork
T imes  as perhaps one of the greatest distance runners ever, also incorporated
breath holding into his regular training. Zátopek was a man of small stature,
standing 5 feet 8  inches tall and  racing at 139 pounds, but he found an edge
over his  competitors by developing his own innovative training techniques,
which included interval training  and breath holding. While wal king to and
from wo rk each  day, he passed a lane lined with poplar trees. On the first
day, he held his breath until he r eached the fourth poplar. On the  second day
he h eld his brea th until he reach ed the fifth poplar, increasing the distance
of his breat h hold by one tree each day until he could hold his brea th for the
entire line of trees. On one occasion, Emil held his breath until he passed
out. Wh ile it is not necessary to practice to this extreme, it is fascinating to
note tha t one of history’ s great est runners was performing breath holding
long before it formed part of training for some present-day athletes.
The dif f iculty in  presenting accounts of active athletes is that they strive
to keep their training regimens  a secret. It doesn’ t make much sense to
disclose your innovative techniques, especially when they give you an edge
over the competition. T o date, I have worked with a number of Olympic and
professional ath letes who have incorporated the breathing exercises in thisbook int o their training. Given the tiny (but highly important) dif ference in
mar gin of performance between  one elite athlete and another, I am very
much aware of the importance  of keeping training information close to
one’ s chest.
However, sometimes hints and snatches of information can be gleaned
through the press, suggesting that breath holding is becoming more widely
practiced in the athletic commu nity. For example, a recent ar ticle on the
athletic website Eightlane.or g reported that Galen Rupp— the current
American record holder for the 10,000 meters and indoor 3,000  meters, and
silver medal winner at the 2012 London Olympics—had recently collapsed
during training. Rupp’ s headph ones had fallen of f and “he was unable to
hear his coach reminding him to breathe.” Reading between the lines, it
seems as if Rupp may well have been practicing breath holding during his
training sessions, with his coach setting his limits. Please note that it is
neither necessary nor safe to hold your breath in order to create such an
extreme air hunger. T o get the most benefit from the breath-ho ld exercises
in th is b ook, only hold your breath until you experience a mediu m to strong
ur ge for air. Pay attention to the intensity of the air hunger you create as you
perform each exercise, and rele ase your nose when you feel challenged.
Y ou should be able to recover your breathing within 2 to 3 breaths
following a breath hold.
T o the uninitiated, purposely h olding the breath may seem strange.
Oxygen is necessary for life, so why subject the body to such a limitation?
Just as physical  training is a very natural activity for mankin d, so too is
breath h olding. As a child, you might have held your breath any time you
swam to  pick up a coin or other object from the bottom of a  swimming
pool. A t other times, you may  have held competitions with siblings or
friends to see who could hold their breath for the longest, with  passing the
1-minute mark being an acceptable accomplishment.
For the past th irteen years, thousands of children have attended my
courses to help address coughing, wheezing, and symptoms of
breathlessness a nd asthma. Children as young as four are able t o practice a
number of dif ferent breath-hold exercises, each with a specific purpose. For
example, there is a breath-hold exercise to help unblock the nose, another to
help stop a wheeze or a cough, while another is designed to improve
breathing volume by holding the breath for as long as possible.While ad ults ma y at first be wary of holding their breath, children often
take to it like ducks to water. I usually work with five or six children to a
group, ranging in age from fo ur to fifteen years. Beginners are gently
introduced to the exercises by walking a distance of 10 paces while they
hold the ir breath. After 3 or 4 re petitions, the number of paces is increased
in in crements of 5 until the child  understands the exercise and ex periences a
moderate need for air. Most chi ldren master the exercise in no  time at all,
and are soon in friendly competi tion with their peers to hold their breath for
as many steps as possible.
I usually expect children to hold their breath for 30 paces during the
first session, increasing by 10 e xtra paces each week. Some c hildren will
make qu icker pr ogress and can learn to hold their breath for up  to 80 paces
in a s little as two or three weeks without losing breath control or
experiencing any stress. Even professional athletes would be impressed by
this feat. More important, at 80 paces, in my experience, the child’ s blocked
nose, cough, wheeze, or exercise-induced asthma will have completely
disappeared.
The beauty of breath holding is that while the air shortage can be
relatively extrem e, it is entirel y under our own control and for a short
duration of time only.
For premenstrual women, vegetarians, or those with a history of anemia,
it m ay b e necessary to take an iron supplement to support the production of
normal red blood cells. If, despite sustained practice of these exercises, your
BOL T score fails to increase, it may be useful to visit your doct or to have a
complete blood count. If your hemoglobin is low, speak with your doctor
about iron supplementation. In  some individuals, I have witnessed iron
supplementation making a remarkable dif ference to BOL T scores within
just a few short weeks.
The fol lowing Oxygen Adva ntage breath-hold training e xercises
provide simple ways to simul ate the beneficial ef fects of h igh-altitude
training and high-intensity train ing while allowing you to exercise in your
usual wa y. Each  exercise provides both a hypoxic (lack of oxygen) and a
hypercapnic (high carbon dioxide) response. Combining these two ef fects
produces important changes in the body, such as:
•  Lowering sensitivity to carbon dioxide•  Increasing endurance
•  Reducing discomfort and fatigue from lactic acid buildup
•  Increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
•  Improving breathing economy
•  Improving VO 2  max
By i ncorporating  these easy techniques into your routine, you w ill find
that your breath-hold ability increases quickly, and you will begin to see
results within your training and your competitive performance.
Using a Pulse Oximeter
T o get the best results from breath-hold exercises, it can be helpful to use a
handheld device  called a pulse oximeter that measures how loaded the
blood is with ox ygen. Convenient and noninvasive, using a pulse oximeter
simply i nvolves placing a probe on your fingertip to measure the oxygen
saturation (SpO 2 ) of your blood. A pulse oximeter can be purchased rather
cheaply, but my advice is to purchase a better -known brand such as
NONIN, as they tend to be more responsive. One of the main  benefits of
using a pulse oximeter is that it can be very motivating to witn ess the drop
in oxyge n satura tion as you prac tice breath holds, reinforcing the success of
the exercise. In addition, the device can help to ensure that you don’ t
overdo the exercises by lowering your SpO 2  below 80 percent.
Normal oxygen saturation at sea level varies between 95 and 99 percent
(as we have seen), while the benefits from breath holding occur when the
SpO 2  l eve l is  dropped to below 94 percent. In the beginning, you may not
notice m uch of a decrease to your oxygen saturation while performing
breath holds. However, with practice and the ability to tolerate a stronger air
shortage, the drop to oxygen sat uration will become evident in as little as a
few days.
The ef fects of breath holding de


 name of the devil that is inhabiting one’s body and then, knowing thatsecret name, performs the correct rite and ritual to cast that demon out. I don’tknow why people are made so happy knowing the name of their condition! Doesit really matter? Either the body can heal the condition or it can’t. If it can, you willrecover (especially if you give the body a little help). If the body can’t heal a
condition you will die or live a long time being miserable. No “scientific” medical
magic can do better than that.
By describing a disease in terms of its related organ weaknesses, instead of
pinning a Latin name on it, I am able to assist the body to achieve recovery in asuperior way that the physician rarely does. By discovering that the body with thelump of overly strong cells also has a weak spleen, liver and thymus gland, I cantake actions to strengthen the spleen, liver and thymus. If the body can strengthenits spleen, liver and thymus, then the overly strong cells miraculously vanish. But ofcourse what I did did not cure any disease. Any improvements that happen Iassign (correctly) to the body’s own healing power.
The way I analyze the organic integrity of the body is through a number of
related methods, including the general appearance of the body, the patient’s healthhistory, various clues such as body and breath odor, skin color and tone, andespecially, biokinesiology, the applied science of muscle testing. Biokinesiologycan be used to test the strength or weakness of specific organs and their function.A weak latissimus dorsi muscle indicates a weak pancreas, for example. Specificacupuncture points can be tested in conjunction with muscle strength to indicatethe condition of specific organs or glands. The strength of the arm’s resistance todownward pressure could be calibrated with a spring scale and precisely gauged,but experienced practitioners have no need for this bother, because they are ableto pick up subtle changes in the arms resistance that are not apparent to thetestee. Thus muscle testing becomes an art form, and becomes as effective as theperson using it is sensitive and aware.
Biokinesiology works because every organ and gland in the body is
interconnected with other parts of the body through nerve pathways and nervetransmissions, which are electrical and can be measured through muscle testing.This may seem too esoteric for the “scientific” among you, but acupuncture pointsand energy manifestations around and in the body are now accepted phenomena,their reality demonstrated by special kinds of photography. Acupuncturists, who
heal by manipulating the body’s energy field with metal needles, are now widely
accepted in the western hemisphere. Kinesiology utilizes the same acupuncturepoints (and some others too) for analytic purposes so it is sometimes called“contact reflex analysis.”
I have studied and used Kinesiology for 25 years with the majority of my
clients with very good success. There are some few people who are very difficultto test because they are either too debilitated, lack electrical conductivity, or theirstate of mind is so skeptical and negative about this type of approach that they putup an impenetrable mental barrier and/or hold their body so rigidly that I canhardly determine a response. A skilled tester can overcome the obstacle of aweak body that can barely respond, but the person who is mentally opposed anddetermined to prove you wrong should not be tested. If you proceed on someonelike this it is sure to have an unsatisfactory outcome for all concerned. For even ifI manage to accurately analyze the condition of a skeptical client, they will neverbelieve the analysis and will not follow suggestions.
The “scientific,” open-minded, “reasonable” client can be better approached
using an academic-like discussion based on published literature that demonstrateshow people with similar symptoms and complaints do very well on a particulardietary regimen and supplements. This type of person will sometimes followdietary recommendations to the last letter, because their scientific background hastrained them to be obedient.
When a client comes to me, I like to take a real good look at who is sitting in
front of me. I take my leisure to find out all about their history, their complaints,their motivation to change, their experience with natural healing, their level ofpersonal responsibility, whether or not they have to work, whether or not they cantake time out to heal, will they fast or take supplements, do they have sufficientfinances to carry a program through to a successful completion, do they havepeople closely connected to them that are strongly opposed to alternativeapproaches, can they withstand some discomfort and self-denial, do they have
toxic relationships with other people that are contributing to their condition, are
they willing to read and educate themselves in greater depth about natural healing,etc. I need to know the answers to these questions in order to help them choose aprogram which is most likely to succeed.
Even though fasting is the most effective method I know of, it is not for people
who are compelled to keep up a work schedule, nor is it for people who are veryill and do not have anyone to assist them and supervise them. Nor is it for peoplewho do not understand fasting and are afraid of it. People who have associatesthat are opposed to it, and people who do not have a strongly-functioning liver orkidneys should not casually start water fasting either. Seriously ill people that havebeen on a meat-heavy diet with lots of addicting substances need a long runwayinto a fast so as to not overwhelm their organs of elimination. Does the person infront of me have an eating disorder, or an otherwise suicidal approach to fasting,etc. Clearly fasting is not for everyone, and if I recommend it to the wrongperson, the result will be a bad reputation for a marvelous tool.
Given that many clients can not fast without a lot of preparation, the majority
of my clients start out with a gentle detox program that takes considerably moretime, but works. These gradients have been outlined under the healing programsfor the chronically ill, acutely ill, etc.
To help rebuild poorly functioning organs, I sometimes use a specialized group
of food supplements called protomorphogens. These are not readily available tothe general public and perhaps should not be casually purchasable like vitamins,because, as with many prescription drugs, supervision is usually necessary fortheir successful use. If the FDA ever succeeds at making protomorphogensunavailable to me, I could still have very good results. (At this time the Canadianauthorities do not allow importation of protomorphogens for resale, thoughindividuals can usually clear small shipments through Canada Customs if for theirown personal use.) But protomorphogens do facilitate healing and sometimespermit healing to occur at a lower gradient of handling. Without them a body
might have to fast to heal, with the aid of protomorphogens a person might be
able to get better without fasting. And if protomorphogens are used (chewedup—ugh!) while fasting, healing is accelerated.
Protomorphogens are made from freeze-dried, organically-raised animal organ
meats (usually calf or lamb) combined with very specific vitamins, herbs and otherco-factors to potentiate the effect. I view protomorphogens as containingnutritional supplementation specific for the rebuilding of the damaged organ.
Doctor Royal Lee, a medical genius who developed protomorphogens therapy
in the 50s and who spent several stints in prison in exchange for his benevolenceand concern for human well-being, also founded the company that has suppliedme with protomorphogens. After decades of official persecution and denial of theefficacy of protomorphogens by the power structure, it looks like they are aboutto finally have their day. As I write this book cutting-edge medical researchcompanies are developing therapies using concentrated animal proteins(protomorphogens) to treat arthritis, multiple sclerosis, eye inflammations andjuvenile diabetes. The researchers talk as though they are highly praiseworthy for“discovering” this approach.
Unfortunately, this development is likely to cut two ways. On one hand, it
vindicates Dr. Lee; on the other, when these drug companies find a way to patenttheir materials, they may finally succeed at forcing protomorphogens (currentlyquite inexpensive) off the non-prescription market and into the restricted andprofitable province of the MD.
I divide clients into two basic types: simple cases and complex ones. When I
was treating mental illness, occasionally I had a client who had not been sick fortoo long. I could usually make this client well quite easily. But if the person hadalready become institutionalized, had been psychotic for many years, hadreceived much prior treatment, then their case had been made much moredifficult. This sort had a poor prognosis. A very similar situation exists withphysical illnesses. Many people get sick only because they lack information about
how to keep themselves healthy and about what made them sick. Once they find
out the truth, they take my medicine without complaint and almost inevitably getbetter very rapidly. Some of these people can be quite ill when they first come tome but usually they have not been sick for very long. Their intention when cominginto my office is very positive and have no counter intentions to getting better.There are no spiritual or psychological reasons that they deserve to be sick. If thisperson had not found me, they almost certainly would have found some otherpractitioner who would have made them well. This type of person honestly feelsthey are entitled to wellness. And they are.
However, some of the sick are not sick for lack of life-style information; they
suffer from a mental/spiritual malady as well, one that inevitably preceded theirillness by many years. In fact, their physical ailments are merely reflections ofunderlying problems.


 source of these minerals.
Typically, the diet is the major source of these beneficial minerals. I am not
aware of any data adequate to support the conclusion that water with low levels
of minerals is unsafe.
The U.S. Navy has used distilled water with less than three ppm TDS aboard ship for more than
40 years. Surface ships while on shore take on water from shore sources, but it is common for
submarines to provide nothing but purified water for months at a time, all with no reported ill
effects. This was confirmed with separate sources at the David Taylor Research Center in
Annapolis, the Naval Sea Systems Command, the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and the
Navy Environmental Health Center. Finally, the Surgeon General directed the Navy to address
the subject formally in 1972. The conclusion was that drinking distilled water is not harmful.
The University of Illinois Health Sciences Library's ONLINE SERVICES department was
contracted to search the MEDLINE database for the several key word groups back to 1980.
That search produced 18 articles, but only two relevant ones, both supporting the proposition
8 that the physiologic mechanisms of homeostasis are more than adequate to permit routine
drinking of purified water.
Article 1 described experiments in which dogs were given large amounts of distilled water to
lower the blood osmotic pressure while monitoring very closely the pH and C02 of arterial blood
and the breathing rate. They found that the blood osmolality has a direct effect on breathing in
addition to the known effects on kidney function. Thus, homeostasis appears to be controlled
while intentionally consuming low TDS water.
Article 2 described experiments with rats which had had their pituitary glands removed
("hypophysectomized rats)", and which therefore should show some damage to the hormonal
control system. They found that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system worked well even
without a pituitary, suggesting an additional control system leading to the maintenance of
homeostasis.
None of the 18 articles, including these two, showed any direct information about the subject
matter of interest, but only that the homeostasis mechanism in living beings has significant
abilities to adapt to different situations and inputs.
9 DISCUSSION OF FIELD EXPERIENCES
There are no known scientific data which clearly demonstrate that the consumption of low TDS
water by humans will or will not lead to harmful effects on the human body. However, a
number of field experiences can be cited which support the premise that the consumption of such
water by humans does not cause such harmful effects. There are no known documented
experiences which show that consuming low TDS water will create any long-term health effects.
The U.S. Navy has used distilled sea water for human consumption for approximately 40 years.
TDS levels below 3 mg/L have been reported and consumption of this water for months at a
time is common on submarines. No health problems have been reported by the Navy and they
feel low TDS water is safe to drink.
The U.S. Army uses reverse osmosis units to provide drinking water for soldiers in the field.
They do not consider low TDS water to be a problem and have no minimum standard.
The U.S. EPA conducted a project in San Ysidro, New Mexico in which the TDS was dropped
from 800 mg/L to a range of 40 to 70 milligrams per liter. No health effects were observed
during the one year test.
Possibly the largest field study of human consumption of low TDS water is within the United
States where municipal systems are delivering water in this category. Millions of people
currently consume such water, and this practice has gone on for decades. Exact data are
difficult to obtain due to seasonal changes, use of blended water from multiple sources, and
changes of sources. However, the following levels have been reported:
Boston, MA
Portland, OR
Baltimore, MD
Lake Tahoe, CA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, W A.
Denver, CO
New York City, NY 64 mg/L
23 mg/L
89 mg/L
50-64 mg/L
27-154 mg/L
34-47 mg/L
39-216 mg/L
41-283 mg/L
In addition to these areas, thousands of private wells, as well as numerous small municipal
systems in the U.S., produce low TDS water. No known health effects or problems have been
reported as a result of this widespread practice.
Thousands of TDS reduction devices have been sold residentially in the United States for
decades. No reports of mineral depletion or health effects are known as a result of the
consumption of this water.
In Plains, Texas, where the drinking water was brackish at 1500-2000 mg/L TDS, a change was
made to desalinated water and the residents experienced temporary diarrhea. Because of the
high initial TDS and because of blending, the treated water exceeded 100 mg/L TDS, which is
above the definition of low TDS water established for this report.
10 In Montreal, a study compared the gastrointestinal disorders of two groups; one consumed tap
water, while the other consumed reverse osmosis water. The group consuming the tap water
had a higher incidence of GI infections. While neither of these experiences can be considered
conclusive, no evidence of mineral leaching, the topic of this report, was reported in either case.
NASA has reported no ill effects from the consumption of approximately.05 mg/LTDS water
on board space craft. It appears that the possibility that this could have been a problem was
never seriously considered by NASA.
In a field test in Boulder, Colorado with about 50 families, an experimental, zero discharge
water system provided drinking water containing about.05 ppm TDS. No ill health effects were
caused as a result of drinking this water.
In conclusion, the field experiences cited suggest that there are no long-term ill health effects,
specifically the mineral leaching from human tissue, due to the consumption of low TDS water.
11 CONCLUSION
It has been concluded that the consumption of low TDS water, naturally occurring or received
from a treatment process, does not result in harmful effects to the human body. This is based
upon the following points:
• No public health organization with authority over the drinking water quality
anywhere in the world has enacted or even proposed a minimum requirement for
total dissolved minerals in drinking water.
• The human body's own control mechanism (homeostasis) regulates the mineral
content of the body fluids and the discharge of different types of ions from the
body of normal health individuals drinking water with low or high mineral
content.
• Several types of scientific literature searches have found no harmful effects to the
human body attributable to the consumption of low TDS water.
• Review of the Soviet report has shown that the scientific methods used are
questionable and the conclusions are either vague or unsupported by the data.
• Many examples of real-world situations in which large populations have been and
continue to be provided exclusively with low TDS water without any reported
unusual or ill health effects, establishes the safety of consuming such waters by
human beings.
12 <|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>Soil and Health Library
This document is a reproduction of the book or other copyrighted material you
requested.  It was prepared on for the exclusive use of Oriana, whose email address
is orianaoriana@gmail.com.
This reproduction was made by the Soil and Health Library only for the purpose of
research and study.  Any further reproduction or distribution of this copy in any form
whatsoever constitutes a violation of copyrights.

‘You ask me what were the secret forces which sustained me during my long
fasts. Well, it was my unshakable faith in God, my simple and frugal life style,
and the Aloe whose benefits I discovered upon my arrival in South Africa at
the end of the 19th century.’

Mahatma Ghandi

In a letter to his biographer Romain Rolland

The Essential Aloe Vera

Author
Dr Peter Atherton

To Alison
A patient who changed my practice

 Dr Peter Atherton
1st Edition 1996
2nd Edition 1997

Published by Mill Enterprises, Park Farm, Gayhurst, Newport, Pagnell MK16 8LG. UK.

Global Library agents and distributors – Aloe World Limited
e-mail: aloeworldlimited@aol.com
http://aloeworldltd.com

ISBN: 0-9540896-0-X

 Contents

 Authors note 1  Introduction 2    Part 1   The History 6  The Plant and its structure 9  Where does Aloe Vera Work? 20  How does Aloe Vera Work? 34  Aloe in the Future 43  Further Reading 48  Glossary 49   Part 2   Research Bibliography 53
 AUTHORS NOTE

This handbook is designed for educational purposes only and does not endorse any particular brand or
type of Aloe Vera products.

Dr Atherton regrets that he is unable to directly enter into any correspondence regarding his opinion on
the use of Aloe Vera in particular case histories.
Acknowledgements

I would like to thank my wife, Ellen, for suffering with me during our holiday in which I transferred my
thoughts to paper and for being my sounding board.
My thanks also to good friend, Glenda Goodwin, for typing out the original manuscript. I commend her
for her patience in making the many changes and


cards on the table, and then we’ll have a conference on Saturday, which will
be just before I leave for Uranus. I will leave on schedule regardless of what
happens. If the representatives refuse the things I have to of fer, I’ll give
them to you to distribute as you wish. This is my proposal. It is intended to
help the people of Earth change their thinking so they can improve their
world and make it really work for everyone. Thinking is the basis for everysingle major and minor dif ficulty you encounter. The problems that arise in
politics, religion, education, families, business, the military, society,
medicine, and every form of human enterprise are due to self-programed
unreal thinking. At least I can try to leave you with a new format for
thinking that could ultimately put an end to the problems that have plagued
your people throughout the ages. Do you think you can arrange it?”
“Well, to be honest, I’m not sure it’ s as simple as you think it is to bypass
the hugely convoluted bureaucracy that would be involved in such an
undertaking. Y ou see, on Earth we prefer to study rather than tackle a
problem. This is particularly true at the leadership levels. But I’ll damn sure
try, and if I encounter the kind of resistance that I’m accustomed to, I can
take matters into my own hands and stand in for the world leaders myself. It
would take some research, but I could do it in the next few days, and then I
could film your responses. In either case, I love your proposal, Eykis, and
I’ll see that it gets to our people in whatever fashion I can figure out. W ill
that suf fice?” I asked, hoping she wouldn’ t be upset because of my realistic
assessment of how our world’ s leaders would respond to her of fer.
“I love it!” she said, surprising me with her willingness to allow me to
even suggest altering her proposal. “Let’ s do it your way. It will save
incalculable hours of persuasion on your part, and you’ll have the reality-
only answers in permanent form, which you can use in whatever way you
can work out. Y ou’ll have only two days to gather the questions, and you
must keep them aligned to what the various leaders would want to know,
rather than having them colored by your own perceptions based on the time
we’ve spent together. You understand, the essence of this filmed inquiry
must be thinking. W e’re not trying to destroy any institutions or pass
judgment on any of Earth’ s physical realities. Remember, they are
absolutely perfect, and remember also that, except for a few minor
differences, they duplicate my Uranus reality. What we want to focus on is
the inner world of thinking and attitudes that lead to, as you call them,
problems.”
“But what precisely is it about the inner thinking and attitudes of Earth
that I’m to focus on during our final session? I’ve only heard that we are
‘wrong’ when we think in self-destructive or neurotic ways. While I admit
that you’ve given me plenty of examples of the incorrect thinking of
neurotics, I need to know the components of our thinking in order to
simulate questions and responses of leaders in all walks of life.” I waslooking for guidelines to help me with my homework. T rue to her character,
Eykis provided me with a blueprint that would enable me to go about my
task in the most ef fective and challenging way possible.
“In addition to being ‘incorrect,’ much of your Earthly thinking is out of
focus. Consequently you have blurred thinking, which leads to the ultimate
in self-destructive thought.”
“In what areas is the out-of-focus  element most obvious? How does it
reveal itself?”
“So much of the Earthly way of thinking leads to an illusion of happiness
which remains throughout an entire lifetime. For example, most people are
satisfied with appearances and size as substitutes for quality in their
attitudes, feelings, and behavior. There is no possibility for happiness in
these appearances that people pursue so vigorously, because happiness is an
inner activity. Do you see what I mean by unfocused thinking?”
“But how does pursuing appearances rather than quality lead to being
wrong?” I asked.
“People who direct life toward appearances are focusing on how their
possessions appear to others. They give up their sense of satisfaction in
what they are doing, for future satisfaction that can never arrive. They are
obsessed with how others view their objects, or they actually look for
happiness from their objects. These are both dead ends, because happiness
is a strictly human venture that can only be experienced internally. Neither
the size of your possessions nor the praise you receive for their appearance
can provide any sense of happiness or fulfillment. Consequently those who
seek appearances of any kind with the hope of achieving happiness are just
plain wrong.”
“And you think that quality  in one’ s thinking can lead to happiness?” I
asked.
“Well, first please understand that there is no way to happiness.
Happiness is the way. And happiness is how you decide to think in each
moment of your life. When you’re thinking happiness, you are happy,
regardless of what you are doing, or what your reality is at the moment.”
“So you think you can be happy any time, regardless of the conditions of
your life at the moment?” I asked.
“Of course! Y ou can choose happiness thinking  any time, and that is
precisely what happiness is. I’m not asking people to pretend they’re happy
when they’re not. I simply think that since you on Earth can always choosehow you will think at any moment, you can refocus your thinking by
emphasizing the quality of an experience, rather than how the experience
appears to you or to others. Furthermore, you can see that the objects you
collect can never provide happiness. Not on Earth, in terms of your own
reality.”
“So you would have us teach quality thinking versus appearance
thinking?” I wondered aloud to Eykis.
“I’m only saying that appearance thinking leads to wrong thinking, which
can and does have disastrous ef fects at all levels of your culture. T raining
people in terms of quality from the time they are very young would help to
create future generations of quality rather than appearance-oriented people.”
“But how could we do that in our profit-oriented business world?” I
wondered, beginning to protest the simplicity of such thinking.
“Be sure to bring that up on Saturday,” she said, gently reminding me of
our rendezvous.
“You said there were other blurry thinking concepts that led to the
rampant ‘wrongness’ of thought we have here.”
“Yes, of course. In place of ethical  thinking, you seem to emphasize
‘rules thinking,’ and you encourage your youngsters to do the same.”
“Ethics versus rules?” I repeated.
“Yes. A rules thinker is one who does what he is told, regardless of the
situation,” she of fered bluntly.
“But we need rules,” I protested. “W ithout them all of society would
collapse. For example, it is a rule to stop at a red traf fic light. Imagine if
people ignored it.”
“Why do you stop at a red traf fic light?” she asked.
“Because it’ s against the law, and besides, I’d likely get a ticket or, even
worse, have an accident,” I shot back.
“You mean that if new laws were passed tomorrow, making it legal to go
through red traf fic lights, you would then go through them?” she
questioned.
“Eh?” was all I was able to say.
“The real reason why you don’ t go through red traf fic lights is that it is
unethical to do so. Placing your life or the lives of others in jeopardy is
plainly unethical,” she said.
“But we need to go beyond merely talking about traf fic rules.”“Red lights in traf fic was your choice for an example, not mine,” she
reminded me. “Besides, we can save this for Saturday as well. I’m sure
your governmental and educational specialists will have much to say about
the need for rules-oriented thinking.”
I jotted this down as a reminder for my research.
“Rules-oriented thinking places the responsibility for behavior on the
rule, rather than the individual. When rules, laws, and policies are held
accountable as the cause of human thinking, ethics must take a back seat.
When people base their behavior on what others tell them is correct, ethical
thinking is almost impossible and the opportunity for fulfillment and
happiness is stifled once again,” she said.
“In what ways?” I asked.
“You even have ‘happy hours’ here on Earth! Meaning, I suppose, that
other hours can’ t be. Y ou need a rule to tell you when you can be happy and
a supply of cheap booze to insure the result. Once again, happiness is an
inner experience, rules are outer experiences. Ethics, on the other hand, are
inner rules which never allow a person to behave in a way that would be
harmful  to others.”
When we first met, Eykis hadn’ t even known the word “harmful.” Now
she knew it all too well.
“So ethical-thinking training would teach people how to think for
themselves?”
“Yes, if it were based on real ethics. The need for so many rules for
almost every facet of your lives would be eliminated. Y ou have rules for
virtually everything, including when you can have a beer


 on in an oscilla
tory way until they are adsorbed at the surface. Even
tually, grains near the ball setde on its protruding
edges. The external field of the ball now stans at the
96 Molecular and electrostatic forces a b
Fig. X: 2. Development of radiating structures. (a) Radial
apposition of grains by induced dipole moments in dielectric
corpuscular elements. Latera) repeJJent forces stabilize the
radiating structures. (b) Lateral apposition of grains prD
duces stabilization by both dipole-induced attraction and
long-range forces of molecular attraction. Enhancements of
the electric field at protruding edges determine the positions
of the radiating structures.
distal part of these grains. Deposition of gr:Uns will
concentrate at the edges rather than between protru
sions. This concentration of grain at the edges results
in a growing accentuation of the edge effect (Fig.
X:2a).
D. Stabilizing effects on
radiating structures
The apposition of dipole-induced gr:Uns into radially
directed chains is stabilized by lateral repellent forces
between induced equipotential charges of the grains
(Fig. X: 2a). These repellent forces counteract the
forces of attraction. A sidewise stabilizing effect on
radiating structures may also be produced by different
degrees of sidewise dipole-induced forces of opposite
polarity. Long-range molecular attraction forces even
tually produce an additional, sidewise mechanical sta
bilization (Fig. X: 2b).
In this way linear structures are produced in the
experimental model, forming visible "field lines" or
''radiating structures ".
E. Development of "arches"
and "arcades"
The peripheral ends of the radiating linear structures
border the bulk of semolina grains by a series of small
"arches", which are convex outward (Fig. X: 3). Adja
cent arches originate on each side of the same radiating
structure. The individual arches hang together in a
row ("arcade"). Fig. X: 3. Formation of small arches. Edge enhancement of
the irregulAr surface of the central ball creates variations in
intensity of the electric field around the ball. Captured semo
lina grains form radiating structures, developing from the
edges, in turn forming supporting pillars for the small arch
es. Anraction forces among the bulk of grains contribute to
forming rhe arches. A c.ircumferential vector acts as a force
of concentration t.o diminish cross-sectional diameter of rhe
ring of grains around the ball. A radial ••ector of concentra
tion acts to expand the ring.
The presence of these structures may therefore in
part be explained as a result of variations in intensity
of the applied field, due ro rhe uneven surface of the
central ball. In part the effect also is due to the com·
petitive forces of molecular attraction among semolina
grains.
The forces of molecular attraction can be divided
into two vectors. (Consider for a moment the experi
ment as planar, the grains floating in one layer on the
liquid paraffin.) One vector (Fig. X: 3) is circular and
tries to move the grains closer to the central ball. The
other vector is radial, acting ro expand the circle. Both
vectors contribute to the formation of the arches.
A stabilizing effect for the bulk of semolina grains
probably can also be ascribed to the arches and radiat·
ing structures. The main bulk of semolina grains con
tracts as a result of their forces of internal attraction.
As grains interact they obtain a position of equilibrium
between long-range forces of attraction and short·
range forces of repulsion. This equilibrium is modified
at rhe i!mer edge Qf tile ciml!ar!y arranged m~» of
grains by the attraction forces of grains localized at the
attachments of the radiating structures.
In this view the circular arrangement of the main
bulk of semolina grains, leaving a relatively free zone
("A" zone) around the central ball, may be looked on
as a special case of a complete arch, i.e., a ring. The
small arches at the inner border of the ring can be
regarded as incomplete rings. Their appearance as
8-814586 Nordnu.lrOm arches or semicircles depends on summations of molec·
ular and electrostatic forces. Edge enhancements of
the central ball not only make the surrounding electro
static field irthomogeneous, bur also initiate the pro
duction of radiating structures.
F. Inertness and
matrix functions
Interacting molecular and electrostatic forces can read·
ily and efficiently be influenced by matrix structures.
The effect of an artificial matrix on corpuscular move
ments will be illustrated in the following experiment.
A plastic mosquito net stretched over a circular
frame was placed on a surface of liquid paralfm in a
glass jar, which in turn was placed on rop of a light
box. An aluminium ball was placed in a hole in the
centre of the net. The ball was connected by a wire to a
DC generator. The grounded periphery of the jar was
connected to the other terminal.
Horse hair in pieces O.S-1.0 mm long was cut by an
electric razor and strewn over the net and liquid sur·
face. The ball was charged to a 0. 7 kV potential
relative 10 the periphery. The jar was then subjected to
vibrations from a small electric motor. The pieces of
horse hair then oriented themselves in a pattern of
radiating Structures within the mosquito net matrix
Fig. X:4. Effect of a matrix on the development of radiating
structures in an electric field. A plastic mosquito net was
stretched over a frame and placed on a surface of liquid paraf.
fm. Pieces of horse hair, cut with a razor, were sifted over
the surface as a 0. 7 kV potential was applied between the
cenual aluminium baH and the periphery. Momen1s of iner
tia were overcome by subjecting the jar to vibrations. The
hairs then oriented themselves in a radial direction in the
squares of the matrix. Dipole induction by the applied elec·
trical field produces this result.
Molecular and electrosta tic forces 97 (Fig. X: 4). After the voltage generator was switched
off, the pattern remained.
The experiment illustrates the creation of a modified
structural pattern by positional change of small pieces
of horse hair under the influence of an applied electric
field and vibration$. The latter served the purpose of
reducing the restrictive effects of the narrow spaces of
the matrix and the moment of inertia of the small
horse hairs. In vivo, corresponding effects may be
induced by different kinds of physicochemical ener
gies, including mechanical effects by tissue matrices
and movements of tissues.
G. Energy potential of
corpuscular distribution
A "Type I" electroosm osis was suggested in Chapter
IX. Its transport energy was explained partly as a
transformation of available free energy (e.g., vibra
tional and rotational movements of the water mole
cules).
In a static system the degree of randomness of distri
bution of participating reactants represents one source
of free energy (19). In the experiments with semolina
grains this energy potential was created by sifting the
grains onto the liquid surface. Depending on how
evenly or unevenly the grains were distributed, differ
ent distributions of energy and patterns of "fmal"
equilibria were created.
As an instance of matrix interference, an aluminium
Fig. X: 5. A special case of"matrix" interference. Alumin·
ium ball glued to the bottom of a jar and partly surrounded
by liquid paraffin. Semolina grains were sifted as evenly as
possible over the whole surface. After about 10 seconds and
close to a visible cessation of movement of the grains, they
present a.. netn -like structure (S·second exposure). The fix·
ation of the ball constitutes a special case of matrix interfer·
ence by restricting free participation of the ball in the reac
tions. This restriction influences indirectly the development
of the surrounding structural pattern.
98 Molecular and electrostatic forces ball was fiXed on the bottom of a jar filled with liquid
paraffin up to the level of the middle of the ball (Fig.
X: 5). No voltage difference was applied berween the
ball and the periphery of the jar in this experiment.
Semolina grains were then sifted as evenly as possible
over the liquid surface:. Aftc:r about 10 sccond.s, the
pattern of structure obtained represents a stage "close
to equilibrium". The ring of grains around the ball has
here the appearance of a net.
One of the interacting factors, the centrally located
metal body, is immobile in this experiment. This fiX
ation constitutes a mechanical restriction on free par
ticipation of the ball and can be considered as a special
case of matrix interference. Were the ball allowed to
float on the surface, a completely different pattern of
equilibrium would be created. In


 one of the panicipating
metals of the closed circuit. Thus, redox reactions will
take place at one interface against the saliva and at one
against the injured tissue. Metal ions may dissolve
Principles and consequences of BCEC 333 a
b ~\)ct\ng saliva
cof'
Fig. XV Ill: 9. Suggested explanation of oral galvanism.
(a) So.called general corros-ion slowly di~M ives metal ions,
which spread into adjoining tiss·ues and saliva. Toxic injuries
induce ionization of tissue. Metals I and II become joined
electrically, "externally " by the saliva and "internally" by
preferential biologic pathways for current, e.g., vascular and
interstitial BCEC branches. A minimum of four redox sites is
included in the closed circuit. Differences of potential of
metal may deliver the electromotive force. (b) The driving
force of the closed circuit does not necessarilr depend on dif-
when the metal is relatively anodic. Production of
cathodic alkalinity and anodic acidity will influence
metabolic reactions. Normal and pathological metabol
ic products will undergo e.lectropho retic transports.
Direct current stimulation of nerve end-plates may
directly or indirectly produce pain. Thus, severa.l tis
sue hormones, e.g., substance P, histamine, serotonin
and prostaglandins are known to be involved in in
flammatory reactions (14, 70, %) and may be distri
buted electrophoretically by the activated closed cir
cuit.
334 Principles and consequences of BCEC ferences of potential between two filling materials. A slow
dissolving ofmeral, as in general tOrt'O$.ion, may induce roxie
changes in tissue. These changes may initiate electric con
duction between metal and vascu.lar-inte:rstitia.l channels and
deliver a fluctuating electromotive force. Tissue injuries ad·
jacent to two separate fillings are necessary for closing of the
circuit. Injury is enhanced as current flow leads 10 liberation
of tissue hormones, which spread by diffusion, migration in
the electric fie.ld, tissue convection and possibly as retro·
grade axonal transports. For funber explanation, see text.
If this proposed explanation of oral galvanism is
correct, the conclusion can then be reached that the
different causes leading to connection of BCEC
branches of the dosed circuit are the crucial targets for
therapy. One of the difficult causes to treat is then
probably the "allergic" reactions of tissue to metals in
certain individuals. These reactions may even develop
slowly, as in general corrosion at a tissue-meta l inter
face. When the injury reaction is caused by superim
posed infection, the condition should be fairly accessi
ble to successful treatment. K. BCEC systems as receptors
for moving external electro
magnetic fields
BCEC sySiems may also represeru an nnporta11t link
between the external a11d internal electric cmvirQ>cmenlS of
an orga11ism. An abundance of direct and indirect evi
dence nowadays exists about environmcnt.al influence
of electromag netic fields (5, 21, 48) on different bio
logical systems, i.e., plants (7), simple cellular organ
isms (6, 16), animals and man (48). Strong, moving
electromagnetic fields do appear in connection with
changes of weather conditions and particularly in cer
tain areas of the world. Thus, the Fohn and the Siroc
co winds in Europe are notorious for causing different
biologic effects, i.e., headache, hemicran ia, epileptic
fits, asthma, thromboembo lism and joinl pain (48).
Even the rate of traffic accidents is related statistically
to these atmospheric disturbance s (95). In experiments
with mice it has been shown (88) that 50 Hz alternat
ing fields can be lethal to the animals at sufficiently
high intensities. Thus, an exposure of 650 kV/m at
50-500Hz during 60-120 minutes gave a mortality of
70%-90%.
Associated problems are complex. Beneficial effects
of electric fields have been reported. The effect of a
II 0 V, 60 Hz "household current" on the develop
ment of mice (58) showed that mice exposed continu
ously to the field at about I k V /m over one month
gained weight more rapidly than the controls. Recent
ly collected data on the possible influences of external
man-made and natural electromagnetic fields ( 48)
strongly indicate the importance of environmental
electromagnetism in biology. This source of informa
tion summarizes the probable minimum safe distance
from the path of three-phase high-voltage transmission
lines as shown in Table XVIII: 4. Natural electromag
netic fields of different wavelength and strength are
always present in the biosphere (2). These fields, like
backgrou nd radiation, probably should be regarded as
factors partly responsib le for the way biological StrUC·
tures have developed. Nevertheless, situations defined
by excessive influence of any one of the natural com
ponents which create our environment may lead tem
porarily to noticeable disturbances (48). This general
ization appears also to hold for changes of our external
electric environment.
Normal electromagnetic frequencies cncQuntercd in
the biosphere range from ultralow frequencies (ULF
= below I Hz) over the whole spectrum of increasing
frequencies to cosmic ultraradiation ( 48). All of these
frequencies are natural and therefore likely to be of
importance in some way for biology. The U LF, ELF
(extremely low frequencies up to 300 Hz;) and VLF
25-814586 Nordinstfflm TabJe XVIII: 4. Minimum StJfe diJtances from the unur liM of
high-wlcage tran.smu.Wn lines (48)
Operating
voltage
380kV
220 kV
IOOkV
SO kV Distance from the right-of-way
Field
intensity
<SO VIm
(undoubtedly
safe)
180-2SO m
140-180 m
80-120 m
S0-70 m Field
inu:nsit'Y
<ISO VIm
(probably
safe)
100-I.W m
75-90 m
45-60 m
34-4S m Field
intens.iry
<S kVIm
(prolnbly
dangerou s)
IS-20m
(towtr height
>SOm)
6-IOm
(tower height
>30m)
(very low frequencies up to 300kHz) are the most easy
to regard as influencing biologic functions because
normal bioelectrical events often take place in these
frequency regions (10). Striking similarities can, for
example, be found between alpha and delta waves of
human EEG records and some of the natural electro
magnetic waves in our environment (l ). It is therefore
understandable why certain biologic reactions are sus
pected to be induced by strong manmade or natural
electric fields. These should then in some way induce
interferenc es with the electric events of the nervous
system. The mechanism of interference is, however,
still unknown.
From a physical point of view, the existence of
closed circuit pathways for current in a biologic medi
um provides a prerequisite for the development of
induction currents when such systems are exposed to
varying external electromagnetic fields. An acceptance
of BCEC systems leads to the necesS01)' conclusion that
these systems should act as receptors for moving external
electromagnetic fields. As indicated earlier (Table
XVlll: 3), different combinations of closed circuit
branches may create BCEC systems. Axonal transports
as part of a closed circuit mechanism, yet to be ex
plored, might constitute a primary target for induction
of current. The need for nutritional supply to nervous
tissue by vascular-interstitia l transports makes it, how
ever, also possible to explain interferences of nervous
functions by moving electromagnetjc fields, as a secon
dary effect from induction of currents in VICC
branches. Arterioles and arterial capillaries were also
found to react selectively with contractions in scattered
regions of dog mesentery exposed to electric fields
(Chapter XII). The often expressed assumption that
the pericyte apparatus of capillaries are likely to be
involved in the mechanism of capillary contractions
Principles and consequences of BCEC 335 Table XVIII: S. Ptnetrarion depth in em (auenuotion to 1/e) of Aigh-freq~W~cy ekctromagnetic '""""'in various tissues or typical
frequency wluet. Afttr Pmman (73)
Frequency ( MHz)
Tissue 100 200 400 I 000 3 000 10 000 24 000 35 000
Thin bone 22.90 20.66 18.73 11.90 9.924 0.34 0.145 0.073
Bnin 3.56 4.132


  in the world
has happened  that  their  authority  and  dominion  has  sud-
denly  ceased;  and  they  can no longer  influence  mankind  as
completely  as they  once  did so very  recently!
Think  of it, you  who  have  worked  so earnestly  and
served  so earnestly  in these  Mighty  Decrees.  Oh,  Beloved
Ones,  never  tire,  never  grow  weary;  because  if you  realize
It is the Power  of your  Presence  acting,  you  cannot  be ex-
hausted  in rendering  that  service.
I say to you:  Freedom  is at hand  for every  earnest  sin-
cere student!  Don't  let anything  suggest  otherwise  or dis-
turb your  feelings;  but  in your  great  adoration  and  atten-
tion to your  Presence,  know  you  are  then  and  there,
releasing  the Full  Power  of Life,  which  wants  so much  to DISCOURSE  XXII  325
give you  Its Freedom.  Why  do We respond  to your  Calls ?
Now  notice  this  very  carefully.  Why  do We  respond  to
your  Calls ? Not  because  of your  outer  volition;  but because
it is the Power  of your  Life  which  is calling;  and  all Foci  of
Life,  which  We  are,  and  you  are,  must  give  obedience  to
Life.  You  might  say to Me:  How  is it the Great  Cosmic
Beings  must  give  obedience  to Life ? Because  Our  Attain-
ment  of Freedom,  came  by first  giving  obedience  to Life.
Then,  when  your  Presence  of Life  calls  to Us, is there  any-
thing  in the Universe  which  could  prevent  Our  answering
your  Call?  Think  of it! Beloved  Ones,  you  are not  any
longer  at the mercy  of destructive  forces  or limiting  condi-
tions;  because  you  have  come  to know  Life  and  Its Mighty
Focus,  the Presence  of the  "Mighty  I AM,"  which  beats
every  one  of your  Hearts!  Oh,  don't  think  for one  second
your  Presence  is not there;  or that  It is not Mighty  Real.  If
your  Presence  were  not there,  you  would  not be here!  Don't
forget  it!
That  Presence  supplies  you  with  Life  as the Wondrous
Chart  shows;  and  when  you  accept  It in the  Fulness  of
your  feeling,  then  you  will  have  the answers  clearly  and
more  and  more  quickly,  to your  Calls,  as the Messengers
have  proven.  They  receive  Instantaneous  Answers  con-
stantly  to their  Calls  today,  but they  did not four  years  ago.
They  called  days  and  weeks,  many  times,  for the Victory  of
each  Call;  but they  stuck  to it, until  the answer  came;  and
that is the position  of all mankind  today.
When  you  start  to make  your  Call  stand  by it, until  the 326 THE  "I AM99  DISCOURSES
answer  comes.  Then,  you  will  see  how  more  and  more
quickly  and  powerfully,  will  your  Presence  of Life  answer
your  calls,  until  all of you  too will  have  your  answers  in-
standy.  That  is the Power  and  Presence  of Life  waiting  and
wanting  you  to have  This  Great  Freedom,  This  Great  Hap-
piness.
THINK  OF  IT,  BELOVED  ONES,  IN ALL  THE
ANXIETY  YOU  HAVE  PASSED  THRU,  IN  ALL
THE  DISTRESS,  NOT  ONE  SINGLE  PART  OF  IT
WAS  EVER  REALLY  NECESSARY!  Because  you  had
forgotten  your  Presence  of Life  and  you  gave  all power  to
the appearance  world;  you  suffered  under  those  appear-
ances,  having  mis-placed  your  attention,  having  mis-placed
your  vision.  You  accepted  more,  and  more,  and  more,  of
limitations;  giving  more  and  more  Power  to persons,  places
and conditions;  which  had  no power  to limit  or disturb  you,
except—now  notice  carefully—that  you  fed  your  Life
Stream  into  them  by the Power  of your  attention  and  vision,
your  physical  sight.
Think  of it, and  know  that  not  one  inharmonious,  de-
structive  or limiting  thing  can  touch  you  or affect  your
world;  if it cannot  get your  attention!  IT MUST  HAVE
YOUR  LIFE  STREAM  TURNED  TO  IT,  IN ORDER
TO REACH  YOU.  Many  of the students  do not yet see
that.  They  know  it intellectually,  but in their  feeling,  they
are not accepting  the fact,  that  what  their  attention  is upon,
they  are feeding  their  Life  into  it, to compel  it back  into
their  worlds. DISCOURSE  XXII  327
Please  get this,  tonight,  in preparation  for Our  Coming
Class.  You  will  hear  things  in this  Class—the  Laws  of Life,
which  you  have  never  heard.  I want  you  to be so joyous,  so
firm,  so determined  in your  application  in the use of the
Violet  Consuming  Flame,  that  you  are ready  in the FUL-
NESS  OF  YOUR  COMPREHENSION,  to grasp  every-
thing  which  is said  and  apply  it to yourself.  Don't  think
what  We  say is meant  for the other  fellow.  It is meant  for
every  one  of you  everywhere;  because  It is the Explanation
of Life.  All We give  is the Explanation  of your  Life.
All your  Beloved  Saint  Gerrffain  has  brought  forth  to
you,  is just the Explanation,  the Application  of your  Mighty
Presence,  the Law  of Life!  There  is not a thing  unusual  or
mysterious  about  it; and  Oh,  try to understand  and  feel
that.  Then,  when  you  understand  It, you  will  see how  in
your  application,  you  are Master  of any  condition  which
confronts  you.
In the experience  of the Messengers,  as conditions  arise
which  are distressing  to mankind,  when  their  bodies  come
into the environment,  those  conditions  change.  Sometimes
that is necessary,  so those  conditions  dissolve  and  disappear.
Nobody  can deny  it, because  it has been  done  many  many
times,  and  the great  numbers  of students  have  seen  it take
place.  Do not let any  one  be foolish  enough  in thought  to
refute  This  Statement;  because  it is True.  Whatever  the
Messengers  have  done,  every  one of you  can do. Their  Hap-
piness  and  Freedom  is complete.  Therefore,  when  they  call
for something,  it immediately  appears. 328 THE  "I AM99  DISCOURSES
When  you  understand  you  are the  Authority  in your
world,  and  as long  as you  hold  your  Life  Stream  free  from
feeding  into  limiting  appearances,  places  or conditions—
you will  have  the Full  Glory  of Life.  It will  pour  like  a
Great  River  into  your  activity,  to spread  Its Great—Its
Mighty  Blessing  to you.
TRY  TO  FEEL  WITH  ME  NOW  IN YOUR  AT-
TENTION  TO YOUR  GREAT  PRESENCE,  this  Mighty
Stream  of Light  and  Energy  which  is beating  your  Heart,
animating


or more sleep disorders represent “moderating factors for infertility or
response to treatment.” If this is indeed the case, treatment for sleep
disorders may increase the chance of natural conception, improve theresponse to fertility treatment, and boost the potential for successful
carriage to term.54
Again, as we discovered in Chapter Seven  on sleep disorders, correct
breathing plays a vital role in sleep quality. This is yet another  therapeutic
reason to address breathing in sleep disorders, whether it impacts fertility
directly or indirectly.
A study reported in Reuters Health  in 2018 further examined the link
between infertility and sleep disorders,55 suggesting that women who have
trouble sleeping may be more than three times as likely to experience
infertility and that women with insomnia are four times more likely to
struggle to conceive. The study  specifically examined women with sleep
disorders other than OSA. Difficulty conceiving is often caused by a
hormone imbalance called polycystic ovarian syndrome, though blocked
fallopian tubes, anatomical problems with the uterus, sexually transmitted
infections, smok ing, diet, age, and excessive alcohol consumpti on can also
play a role.
The 2018 study examined data from 16,718 women, all newly
diagnosed with sleep disorder s over a 10-year period, 2000 to 2010,
alongside a control group of 33,436 women with no sleep problems. At the
start of the study, the women ranged in age from 20 to 45. Results, before
age and other health issues were taken into account, showed that women
with sleep disorders were around 2.7 times more likely to experience
infertility. With age and other medical conditions factored in, women with
sleep problems were 3.7 times more likely to be infertile. Sleep disorders
are frequently related to chronic  health problems such as high cholesterol,
hypertension, and lung disease. Women who sleep badly are also more
susceptible to irregular menstrual cycles, depression, anxiety, and thyroid
disorders.
While the study did not examine whether a direct causal link exists
between sleep disorders and infertility, and researchers lacked data on
certain things that impact fertility, the results indicated that poor sleep may
be a factor for women strugglin g with infertility. CBT is the standard first-
line approach for treating insom nia, but breathing exercises can be effective
in addressing sleep disorders and the underlying stress that may be at theirroot. If you are trying for a baby, a gentle practice of slow breathing, sleep,
and relaxation will boost your physical and mental resilience and health.
MANAGING MENOP AUSE
At a certain point in every wom an’s life, menstruation will spontaneously
and perm anently cease, and menopause will begin. While this is a natural
event and one that all women experience, there is little scientific literature
examining this characteristic change in sex hormone levels, and most
women don’t really know what  to expect. This is not really surprising in
light of the gend er imbalance present in scientific studies, but it is an issue
that is currently receiving growi ng attention. In medical terms, it is not even
entirely clear when menopause begins—the “menopause state” is confirmed
after 12 consecu tive months without a period41. This happens at a median
age of 51 years, although an extensive 2009 study reported an increase
toward 54 years.56
Before menopause, many women experience a phase called
perimenopause. This is the body sending up flags of the coming hormonal
changes. Levels of estrogen rise before the production of sex hormones
ceases, and you might experience hot flashes, night sweats, sleep
disturbances, vaginal dryness, irregular periods, mood swings, recurrent
depression, and short-term memory loss.41 Perimenopause begins, on
average, at the age of 46 and lasts for about five years.41
One thing that is known is that while menopause is a natural
progression, smoking significantly impacts the age at which it occurs.
Women who smoke enter menopause about a year and a half earlier than
those who don’t.41 This already points to an obvious link between
menopause and overall well-being and more specifically, respiratory health.
Early menopause is a known risk factor for various illnesses, including
cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Early menopause is also directly
linked to mortality in general57. There are correlations between natural
menopause and lung health, but studies have largely failed to factor in other
things during a woman’ s life that are known to affect the function of the
lungs.57As women live longer, they will spend more years in postmen opause,
and scientists recognize that this makes it essential to understand how
hormonal shifts during this period affect the health of the lungs.57
Fortunately, the fact that proges terone levels drop after menopause means
that there is a large study population available in which reduc ed hormone
levels can be examined, and scientists are beginning to explore these
connections in more detail.
A 2009 paper found that not only were estrogen and progesterone levels
significantly lower in postmenopausal women, the pressure of blood CO2 at
rest was much higher too58. This is because the central chemoreflex drive to
breathe is lessened after the menopause. This change is related to the
decrease in sex hormone concentrations and complex blood acid-base
interactions. This finding has important implications in understanding why
sleep-disordered breathing becomes more common after menopause. It is
also useful in determining the effects of HRT on ventilatory control and on
blood pH, at rest and during exercise, in both healthy women and those who
are unwell.58
The authors of a 2020 study published strong evidence of a connection
between early menopause and reduced lung function. This was the first long
running study to confirm a relati onship between pulmonary health and early
natural menopause. Using data about lung function collected when
participants were 7 and 53 years old, researchers found that women whose
menopause occurred before they were 45 had poorer lung function than
those who experienced menopau se aged 45 or later. This is the first study to
take into account factors earlier in the lives of the women, such as
childhood asthma, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking.59
By identifying that this relationship exists, scientists have made it
possible to assess women with a higher potential risk of lung problems or
those women who might be likely to develop lung disease when
menstruation ends. Early menopause triggers a susceptibility to respiratory
disease and a vulnerability to environmental factors such as air pollution
that has not previously been recognized. It is unclear whether changing
hormone levels directly accele rate the decline in lung functi on in some
women, but a clear link between estrogen fluctuations and pulmonary
health exists.Women whose respiratory function is poor before menopause may be at
an even greater risk, especially  if they are subject to other factors, for
example, regula r exposure to toxins at home or at work. Women who have
an existing lung condition, such as COPD, and experience early menopause
may subsequently suffer a more serious and progressive version of the lung
disease.59 The study recommends that the impact of menopause on asthm a
be reevaluated. It also suggests that immune dysfunction connec ted with the
main estrogen of menopause may be significant in a chronic condition
called bronchiectasis, a disorder of the airways that mainly affects
postmenopausal women.
A high proporti on of the women in this study who experienced early
menopause had also had early menarche. It is believed that these women
may be generally at higher risk for lung dysfunction or disease.
Interestingly, women in this same group were more likely to smoke and to
use hormonal therapies. Women in the study cohort who were still
menstruating had the lowest rate of respiratory symptoms and diseases.
While this study  represents a step forward in research on the topic, more
work is needed to understand the mechanisms of menopaus e and lung
function. Howev er, it is importa nt that early menopause is understood to be
a risk factor in respiratory health.
IMPACT OF HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPIES ON THE
BREA TH
As menopause occurs, many women choose to take a HRT for either shorter
or longer periods. There has been some uncertainty about the safety of these
medications, largely because of reports from the Women’ s Health Initiative
study, which condemned the therapy as unsafe due to links with increased
risk of coronary heart disease and breast cancer.60 The uptake of HRT
declined as a result of this publicity. It was subsequently shown that the risk
of breast cancer was low and only relevant for women with a very long
exposure to a combined HRT regimen, and that for some, estrogen may
actually reduce susceptibility. More recently, these findings were again
contradicted in research published in the British Journal of Cancer, which
reported that women taking combined HRT are nearly three times more
likely to develop breast cancer than nonusers, with risk increasing withlonger HRT use. The “Breast Cancer Now Generations Study” provided a
comprehensive update about HRT use, suggesting that many previous
investigations were not so thorough and may have “underestimated the
increased risk of breast cancer by up to 60%.61 Importantly, the heightened
risk level appears to return to normal once HRT


 to rid
itself of excess poisons, waste matter, obstructions, and incompatible food. DISEASE IS
NOT SOMETHING TO BE CURED; IT IS A CURE.
Germs do not attack from without; they develop within the cells themselves when the
need for them occurs. The whole framework of vaccination is based on the
misconception that germs cause disease and must be counteracted with vaccines. But
this procedure can bring no other result than harm.
TUBERCULOSIS CAUSED BY V ACCINATION
Dr. Walter James, of Philadelphia said:"V ACCINATION DOES NOT STAY THE SPREAD OF DISEASE OR EVEN
MODIFY IT in those cases who get it after vaccination. IT DOES INTRODUCE INTO
THE SYSTEM TUBERCULOSIS, CANCER, AND LEPROSY. It does just what
inoculation did — cause the spread of disease."
Annie Riley Hale,  (researcher for Congressmen) stated:
"The Surgeon-General of the United States Army innocently recorded in the 1918-1919
report that ‘for all officers and enlisted men, Americans and native troops in all countries
where U.S. troops were serving,  tuberculosis of the lungs was the leading cause for
discharge; and among American troops at home and abroad there were 31,106 hospital
admissions for pulmonary tuberculosis with 1,114 deaths, in the period of this country’s
participation in the First World War.’" ( Medical V oodoo, p. 27)
No tubercular men were inducted into the Army. It was after the blood poisoning
vaccinations at camp that diseases of every description developed. Then the men were
invalided home by the thousands and dumped on society as physical and mental wrecks.
Many of these men had never been in battle nor had even left American soil.
Dr. E. C. Rosenow, an experimentalist at the Mayo Clinic, recorded in the Mayo
Collected Papers (V ol. II, p. 92) that he found  "the vaccine serums injected into guinea
pigs tended to localize in the lungs."
Edward Jenner inoculated his 18 months old son with swine-pox, on November 1791
and again in April, 1798 with cow-pox. The boy was never very well after that and died
of tuberculosis at the age of 21.
In Baron’s Life of Jenner,  (V ol. II, p. 304) we learn that, "On the 14th of May, 1796...
Jenner vaccinated James Phipps, a boy about eight years old, with the matter taken from
the hand of a dairymaid infected with casual cow-pox.
After waiting six weeks Jenner inoculated this boy on both arms with smallpox matter,
taken from the arm of a boy with smallpox. Several months later Phipps was again
inoculated with the  variolous matter  (smallpox pus) but no effect was produced."
The inoculation didn’t "take" so on the strength of this one experiment and its
questionable interpretation, Jenner based his claim that one vaccination would "forever
secure a person from smallpox." No time had elapsed to prove whether it would last a
lifetime or a month or at all; but without any proof or any scientific basis or evidence for
its practice, the doctors and the government adopted it and made it compulsory, no
doubt, seeing the gold mine in profits that it would yield.
James Phipps was declared immune to smallpox but be too, died of tuberculosis at the
age of 20.
In Baron’s Life of Jenner,  the author refers to Phipps condition as follows:
"While walking with a friend one day they passed young Phipps, when Jenner
exclaimed, ‘Oh, there is poor Phipps; I wish you could see him; he has been very unwelllately and I am afraid he has got tuberculosis on his lungs. He was recently inoculated
for smallpox, I believe for the 20th time, and all without effect.’"
 V ACCINATION IS OF VERY ANCIENT ORIGIN
As was previously stated,  neither Jenner, with all his fanfare and praise, nor the obscure
Jesty, was the discoverer of inoculation. It was a "carry-over" from very ancient times
when superstitious fear and guess-work dominated the healing field.
An idea of its ancient origin may be gathered from the  "Lecture Memoranda," XVII
International Congress of Medicine, London, 1913, which states:
"The practice of inoculation for the prevention of disease is one of considerable
antiquity. The period of its discovery can only be conjectured..."
"Dhanwantari, the Vedic Father of Medicine,  and the earliest known Hindu physician,
who lived about 1,500 B.C., is supposed to have been the first to practice inoculation for
smallpox. It is even stated that the ancient Hindus employed a vaccine, which they
prepared by the transmission of the smallpox virus through a cow." (History of
Inoculation and Vaccination, pp. 6, 13)
This common practice of disease transmission of both ancient and modern tunes,
undoubtedly, has a strong relationship to the plagues and epidemics that sweep those
countries where vaccination is still practiced.
If this method of disease prevention had ever been successful, smallpox would have
been eliminated from the world centuries ago, but smallpox persists in localities where
vaccination is compulsory and declines where it is abandoned in favor of sanitation and
hygienic measures.
The practice of inoculation spread like a noxious weed, from the savage tribes of the
forgotten past into the civilizations of Africa, Arabia, Tibet, India and finally into Europe
and America.
Dr. Clements in his pamphlet, " A Superstitious Custom " traces the inoculation practices
through the various modern countries previous to Jenner’s day. He writes:
"In 1673 inoculation against smallpox appeared in Denmark; and in 1778, on
recommendation of the medical fraternity, two inoculation houses were established by
the king in the capitol.
"In Italy, inoculation was secretly practiced by the Neapolitans from early times. It was
freely performed by nurses, who inoculated infants, entrusted to their care, without the
knowledge of the parents.
"In 1722, Dr. Wright, a surgeon of  Wales refers to inoculation against smallpox in the
British Isles as ‘a very ancient custom.’ (Jenner didn’t begin his vaccinations until 1796).
One William Allen, then 99 years old, said inoculation had been known and used during his entire lifetime, and he well remembered his mother stating that it had been
commonly done all her life, and that she got smallpox that way.
"The first record of inoculation in  France appears in 1712, and in 1763 a fatal epidemic
of smallpox occurred in that country that wiped out a large part of the population; it was
attributed to inoculation and for a time the Government prohibited the practice. Five
years later, on the insistence of the medical faculties, this decree was rescinded and by
the latter part of the 18th century inoculation was again commonly practiced in that
country.
"The first record of inoculation in  Ireland appears in 1723, when a medical doctor in
Dublin inoculated 25 persons. Three of these died as a result, and the custom was
abandoned for some time.
‘Inoculation appears to have been first introduced in  Germany in 1724. It soon fell into
disfavor, however, because of the many deaths in Berlin from smallpox, as a result of it.
After many years of diligent medical propagandizing, the doctors were able to get the
people to accept it again.
"In 1754, Peverani introduced inoculation for smallpox into Rome, but smallpox soon
began to spread and opposition rose to such a pitch that the practice was discontinued,
until the medical profession, after years of labor, persuaded the people to again submit to
it.
"One hundred forty-two years later, Carlo Ruta, Professor of Materia Medica at the
University of Perugia,  Italy, protested against the deadly custom in these scathing words:
"Vaccination is a monstrosity, a misbegotten offspring of error and ignorance; and, being
such, it should have no place in either hygiene or medicine....Believe not in vaccination,
it is a world-wide delusion, an unscientific practice, a fatal superstition with
consequences measured today by tears and sorrow without end.’
"In Ancient Greece and Rome, the MIGHTY NATIONS OF MIGHTY MEN, there was
no inoculation — no vaccination — and no smallpox." These nations have been known
down through history as being famous for their general habits of health, cleanliness and
stability as well as their vigor and strength. Among the Greeks and Romans smallpox
was unknown until it was carried there by the inoculators from other countries.
INOCULATION IN AMERICA
In America, inoculation for smallpox appears to have been first introduced in 1721
by Cotton Mather, a clergyman. His method was that of taking a toothpick and dipping it
into the pus from a pustule of a smallpox patient and smearing it into a scratch on the
arm of a well person. He inoculated 224 persons during the first


able and
result in indigestion.
This leads tothisinescapable conclusion which youmust ever bear inmind: proper
nutrition isdependent upon andisaffected bytheentire spectrum oftheorganism’ sac-
tivities and conditions.
5.3. Physiological Criteria Foods Must Meet
5.3.1 Food Adaptations of V arious Species
5.3.2 Range of Food Processing Capabilities
5.3.3 Food Adaptations of Humans
5.3.4 The Dietary Requirements That Determine Our Ideal Foods
Every creature innature hasbecome adapted tosecuring andnourishing itself onpar-
ticular foods. Allnatural equipment andfaculties dispose tothisspecialization. Humans
arenotexceptions tothisrule. Because wehave developed tools using ourcapabilities
andcansupply ourselves with anabundance ofanything onearth asfood does notinany
way alter our physiological adaptations and specializations.
Every creature hasbasic nutritive requirements. Our biology books detail these
rather impartially andcorrectly foranimals. Butthebooks andteachings thatconcern
human nutrition donotdeal impartially with thesubject. Oureducational establishment
isthecaptive ofourmammoth industrial complex. This means they prostitute their
teachings tocater totheneeds ofthose whose grants support them. Thus, human nutri-
tionastaught inoursociety isdictated, notbyphysiological faculties andneeds, butby
thewishes ofthose food industries thatstand togain from themiseducation thatpanders
to their products.5.3.1 Food Adaptations of Various Species
Thefood specializations ofvarious species arecategorized bygeneral designation.
Some of these categories are as follows:
•Herbivores (grass andvegetable eaters such ascattle, sheep, goats, deer,horses, rabbits,
etc.)
•Graminivores (animals that subsist on grains—birds primarily)
•Insectivores (bats, birds and creatures that subsist on insects)
•Frugivores (fruit-eating animals—primates andanthropoids, humans, orangutans, apes,
monkeys, etc.)
•Carnivores (animals thatliveontheflesh, bone, offal,etc.ofother animals—cats, dogs,
lions, tigers, wolves, buzzards, hawks, eagles, jackals, etc.)
•Omnivores (animals such asswine (pigs, hogs) thatliveoffamixed dietoffruits, veg-
etables, grains, flesh, of fal, etc.)
Asyou’re aware, thebeelives onthenectar ofblossoms andflowers andthepollen
with which itbecomes incidentally contaminated. Allthebee’sequipment befit ittoseek
outflowers, land upon orhover over them, withdraw nectar theflower hassecreted espe-
cially forthebee, andtoreturn toitshive where itshares itsharvest with other bees, the
surplus being stored ashoney.Thebeeisexcellently equipped tomeet itsneeds amply
inthismanner.Humans cannot meet their needs thisway.Neither cancattle, horses or
pigs. They’re equipped in their own special ways to meet the needs of their adaptations.
Asasidelight onthesymbiotic relationship oflife,wemight note thattheflower cre-
ated thenectar forthebeeinexchange foraservice. Theflower orblossom isastep in
theplant’ screation ofseeds. Before aseed canbeformed, fertilization must take place
andtoinsure thisfertilization thebeeisenticed bynectar.Incidental tothetaking of
nectar thebeecontaminates itself with pollen. Atthenext flower thebeecontaminates
theflower ’spistil with thispollen. This incidental fertilization istheservice theplant
induced the bee to perform with the nectar secretion. Who said plants weren’ t smart?
5.3.2 Range of Food Processing Capabilities
Humans areendowed with certain natural capacities andlimitations intheacquisi-
tion, processing andutilization offoods. Human development (which endowed uswith
ourfaculties andcapabilities) specialized andrestricted ourequipment andcapabilities
forfood gathering andprocessing tocertain foods justasinthecase ofother animals.
Thefaculties ofmost creatures aredeveloped soastomake disposition ofsurpluses or
tosurvive scarcities. Surpluses areeither stored asreserves orareexcreted. Redundan-
ciesbeyond needs andability toreadily excrete founder humans andother animals that
are so unwise as to overeat.
Inascertaining thecriteria thatafood must have tosatisfy human needs, wemust be
cognizant ofthecapacities andcapabilities oftheorganism aswell astheproperties of
the food.
5.3.3 Food Adaptations of Humans
Humans areclassified asfrugivores because they have theequipment toharvest and
efficiently process only aclass offoods called fruits. Humans arenotalone inthisclass.
Formillions ofyears humans subsisted solely,exclusively andonly onfruits. That isthe
way itwas expressed byDr.Alan Walker ofJohns Hopkins University,ananthropol-
ogist who conducted extensive research into thedietary background ofhumans. Even
though humans have eaten foods outside their dietary adaptations offandonforperhaps
hundreds ofthousands ofyears andhave eaten some cooked foods fortensofthousandsofyears, there hasbeen nophysiological change thatwould justify straying from our
natural dietary.
Our adaptations are strictly as fruit-eaters as you will see in subsequent lessons.
5.3.4 The Dietary Requirements That Determine Our Ideal Foods
Natural foods for humans must satisfy the following criteria and nutrient needs:
Foods Must Be Non-Toxic
First andforemost thefood must betoxin-free. None ofthecompounds andsub-
stances inthefood should present adigestive problem. The body must have enzymes
adapted tohandle every substance within thefood. Toxic substances arethose which the
body cannot useasfood. Substances thatthebody cannot usebutwhich itcannot pre-
vent absorption of (as in alcohol, cholesterol, drugs, etc.) are toxic.
Foods Must Be Edible in the Raw State
The food must beedible initsliving orrawstate asnature delivers itupforusas
food. Ifwecannot eatourfillofafood initsrawstate with relish andmake ameal ofit
thatmeets allormost ofournutrient needs, then itisnotanatural food forhumans and
should be shunned in favor of foods that do.
Foods Must Have Sensory Appeal
Foods ofouradaptation have great sensory appeal. They areadelight totheeye,
their aromas tantalize thesense ofsmell andtheir substance isanunqualified gustatory
delight.
Foods Must Be Digested Easily When Eaten Alone or Properly Combined
Foods ofhuman adaptation under gopractically nodigestion inthestomach andhu-
mans canabsorb thechyme andchyle oftheir natural foods with very little chemical
elaboration in the stomach and small intestine.
Foods Must Be Digested Efficiently
While ease ofdigestion necessarily also implies efficiency ofdigestion, thisentry
relates toanother aspect ofefficiency.That which iseaten represents acertain amount of
energy potential. Toderive thisenergyfrom food, thebody must expend energytoob-
tainit.Theratio ofenergyobtained relative toenergyexpenditure determines theratio
of efficiency.
Forinstance, wespend amere 30calories ofenergyintheprocess ofappropriation,
chewing, absorbing, transporting andassimilating 400calories ofwatermelon. Onthe
other hand, wemay spend 280calories inthedigesting meat toobtain 400calories. The
efficiency with which wehandle foods with monosaccharides versus theinefficiency
with which wehandle protein foods indicates most emphatically thetypes offood to
which we are naturally adapted.
Inprocessing food foruse, weexpend twokinds ofenergy.Weexpend metabolic
energy,which isthechemical andmechanical energies expended, andweexpend nerve
energy.Forinstance, weusevery little nerve energyindigesting watermelon. But, in
processing foods towhich wearenotbiologically adapted, anenormous expenditure of
nerve energyisoccasioned. Meats may cause nervous exhaustion duetothebody’ sfren-
zied activities indealing with proteins, uric acids andother toxic substances inthem.
Though wemay feelexhilarated while expending nervous energyjustaswefeel“apick-
me-up” when taking coffee(which really drains nerve energy), thestimulation occa-sioned byeating unsuitable foods such asmeat isanindication oftheinefficiency with
which the body handles it.
Foods Must Have Protein Adequacy
Ournatural foods must supply uswith ourprotein requirements ofabout 25grams
daily.Thelessprotein eaten down tothepoint ofadequacy,thebetter.Protein istaken
intothebody forreplenishing amino acid components needed foramultitude ofappli-
cations. There are three things you should keep in mind relative to protein digestion:
1.the body can recycle up to two-thirds of its proteinacious wastes to meet its needs;
2


 forthistohappen, three bodily
functions must take place:
1.More blood vessels must become available, thus creating more surface area forthe
gaseous exchange between the lungs and the blood.
2.Dilation or expansion of all blood vessels.
3.Stretching ofthelung surface responsible forgaseous exchange, thus making thewalls
thinner for gas exchanges and increasing the surface area.Themore anindividual exercises, utilizing increased respiration, themore efficient
thediffusing capacity willbecome. During restorslight activity,only asmall portion of
thelung isused, resulting inasignificant portion becoming dormant. The same holds
trueforthecirculatory system where asignificant number ofblood vessels arenotuti-
lized. This disuse willlead toadecrease intheability ofthesystem toprovide thenec-
essary oxygen for the tissues even during the slightest degree of activity.
During strenuous exercise, theaverage individual may require asmuch as20times
thenormal amount ofoxygen. Due totheincrease incardiac output, however,thetime
thatblood remains inthearea ofgasexchange isgreatly reduced. Asaresult, theoxy-
genation ofblood could sufferfortwomajor reasons: theblood remains incontact with
thelungs,forshorter periods oftime, andfargreater quantities ofoxygen areneeded
tooxygenate theblood. However,theblood isalmost always fully oxygenated when it
leaves the lungs even during the heaviest of exercise, due to two major factors:
1.Aswe’ve already mentioned, thediffusing capacity foroxygen increases about three
fold during exercise.
2.The blood stays inthelungs about three times aslong asnecessary foroxygenation.
Therefore, even with theshortened time ofexposure during exercise, theblood canstill
become fully oxygenated.
Asyou cansee, with exercise, thelungs and their structural syner gists become
stronger,more resilient andmuch more efficient. More tissues inthebody areoxygenat-
edwhile simultaneously more blood vessels andlung tissue areutilized. Thelungs are
interdependent upon alltheother systems ofthebody.Only when allthese systems are
functioning smoothly andefficiently canweachieve thehigh levels ofhealth andenjoy-
ment that life has to of fer.
17.2.3 Cardiovascular System
Perhaps thesingle most important factor thatwemust consider inrelation tothecar-
diovascular system is“cardiac output.” Cardiac output isthequantity ofblood pumped
from theheart intotheaorta each minute. Venous return isthequantity ofblood flowing
from theveins back totheheart each minute. Although blood cantemporarily increase
ordecrease incentral circulation, thetotal cardiac output must beequal tovenous return.
Theaverage cardiac output fornormal young males isabout 5.6liters/ minute. When in-
cluding alladults andfemales, thecardiac output isanaverage ofapproximately 10%
lessthan thatofthenormal male. Since cardiac output changes with body size, theout-
putiscommonly stated interms ofthecardiac index. Thecardiac index isdetermined
bycardiac output persquare meter ofbody surface area. Theaverage cardiac index for
adults is about 3.0 liters per minute per square meter.
When aperson rises form areclining toastanding position with themuscles becom-
ingtaut, asifpreparing forexercise, thecardiac output rises 1-2liters perminute. Car-
diac output usually remains almost proportional tothemetabolic body rate; thegreater
thedegree ofactivity orthemuscles andorgans, thegreater willbethecardiac output.
Therefore, thework output during exercise increases inlinear proportion tothecardiac
output. Inbouts ofvery intense exercise, thecardiac output canriseashigh as30-35
liter per minute in a well-trained athlete.
This is 5-6 times the normal value.
During heavy exercise, tissues canrequire asmuch as20times thenormal amount
ofoxygen andother nutrients hataretransported viablood. Thus, transporting enough
oxygen from thelungs tothese tissues may demand aminimal increase incardiac output
offivetosixtimes itsnormal value! Since thisisfargreater than thenormal, instimulat-
edcardiac output oftheheart, several factors which willinsure thismassive increase of
cardiac output during this heavy exercise are called into play. They are as follows:1.Before exercise begins, theautonomic nervous system isstimulated bythethought
ofexercise. This stimulation increases thepermissive level oftheheart pumping from
10-20 liters perminute, depending upon exertion caused bytheexercise. Simultaneous-
ly,extra quantities ofblood arepushed from theperiphery toward theheart byconstrict-
ingveins andincreasing systemic filling pressure. These factors may increase cardiac
output as much as 50% before exercise even begins!
2.Attheonset ofexercise, theblood vessels ofthemuscles become dilated, duetothe
signals transmitted from themotor cortex tothesympathetic nervous system. This in-
stantaneously increases thecardiac output. Theby-product ofthissympathetic activity
increases heart activity, mean systemic pressure, and arterial pressure.
3.Thedirect effectofincreased metabolism inthemuscles causes anincreased useofoxy-
genandother nutrients aswell astherelease ofvasodilating substances. Thus, local va-
sodilation and local blood flow increase tremendously.
Insummary,anintricate setting ofbackground conditions ofthecardiovascular sys-
teminsures therequired blood flow tothemuscles during heavy exercise. These condi-
tions include increased activity oftheheart muscle. Thelocal vasodilation inthemuscles
occurs asadirect consequence ofmuscular activity andfinally setsthelevel towhich
thecardiac output rises. Thus, itismainly themuscles themselves thatdetermine the
amount of increase in cardiac output, up to the limit of the heart’ s ability to respond.
Theheart, likeanyother muscle, canbestrengthened orweakened, depending upon
theamount ofactivity orexercise itunder goes. According toStarling’ sLaw,theheart is
anautomatic pump thatiscapable ofpumping farmore than thenormal value of5liters
perminute ofblood which returns from peripheral circulation. Thus, theprimary factor
thatdetermines how much blood willbepumped bytheheart istheamount ofblood that
flows into theheart from systemic circulation, which isgreatly enhanced byphysical
exercise. After acertain point, averaging about 15liters perminute, cardiac stimulation
(such asthestimulation ofexercise) isnecessary forthisincrease inthepermissive level
towhich theheart canpump. Exercise greatly increases theeffectiveness bywhich the
heart provides blood andthereby oxygen andother vital nutrients toallareas andtissues
of the body.
Injuxtaposition with thisincrease incardiac efficiency,these vital blood pathways
arecleaned outandoverall circulation isenhanced. Like anymuscle, when there isan
increase inactivity andusage, there isanincrease insizeormusculature enlar gement.
Heavy athletic training causes theheart toenlar ge,sometimes asmuch as50%. Coin-
cident with thisenlar gement isanincrease inthepermissive pumping level oftheheart
thatmay beasgreat as20liters perminute (asopposed tothemaximal normal level of
13-15 liters perminute). So,when exercise isintegrated intoeach dayofourlives, there
is an overall long-term increase of ef fectiveness of the entire cardiovascular system.
Insummary,exercise greatly increases thedemand ofblood flow tothemuscles and
tissues. Toinsure thisrequired increase ofblood flow,there must beanincrease inarte-
rialpressure andanoverall, increase intheactivity oftheheart muscle. Asadirect con-
sequence ofmuscular activity,there islocal vasodilation ofthemuscle tissue involved
thatsetsthefinal level oftheriseincardiac output. This riseisvital intheinsurance of
muscular efficiency.Theheart actslikeanyother muscle inthatitcanbestrengthened
andenlar gedwith heavy exercise orweakened byneglect. AsHygienic practitioners, it
isimportant torealize therelevance ofexercise inproviding blood, oxygen andother vi-
talnutrients, toallareas ofthebody andenhancing overall cardiovascular efficiency in
circulation. Only with maximal cardiovascular efficiency canwemaintain ourstrength,
endurance and clarity of mind.17.2.4 Other Systems
Generally speaking, during heavy exercise there isaconstriction ofblood flow to
certain organsystems thatarenotasimmediately involved inthephysiology ofexer-
cise asarethemusculoskeletal, cardiovascular andrespiratory systems. The organs of
thegastrointestinal tract andthekidneys inparticular areaffected bythedetour ofblood
flow and ener gy during exercise.
17.2.4.1 Kidneys
Severe exercise appears tohave atleast twoprincipal effects upon thekidneys: di-
minished urine flow,anddiminished renal (kidney) blood flow.When theblood volume
becomes toogreat, thecardiac output andarterial pressure increase. This hasaprofound
effect onthekidneys, causing loss