ib le that this lower state of
alertness is also inheritable by a child. It is possible that dehydration in a rapidly growing child might also indicate its
presence by the pain felt in the joints as well as it can be felt in heartburn. The mode of sig nal production that would
denote thirst might naturally be the sam e in the young, as wel l as in older people. It is therefore recommended that
juvenile arthritis should also be treated with an increase in daily water intake. As you  can see, Dr. Laurence Malone, whose letter is published below, is an experienced medical doctor and an
educator. His o bservations on the effect of water in rheumatoid joint pains in himself shows that our other
colleagues in the medical profession
should begin to notice the medicinal values of water in disease prevention. Postscript
The book is already in its printers' hands. A few re cently introduced commercial brands of water, with seemingly
scientific e xplanations about the specific way they are "manufactured," have prompted me to use the only available
space on this page to clarify the following points. The corrective physiologic effects o f ordinary "tap" water in some of the conditions explained in this book are being
attributed to specially prepared brands of "structured water" that are presented for sale. As I already explained,
water has many properties. It has special characteristics in the membranes and inside the cells of the body. However, if we simulate those characteristics outside the body, it does not mean that water will pass into the cells of
the body with the same characteristics. In fact, the cell membrane filters and separates water from its so lid content
and frees it from other dissolved materials to manufacture free and useful activator before its passage inside the
cell. It has developed the system that the water molecules have to be in "single file" before they can go through the
membrane. Water diffuses into the cell at the rate of 10 cen timeter per seco nd. The dissolved substances stay
behind, and their entrance into the cell is regulated by material-specific, sophisticated transport systems. This is how
the body survives. It creates its own "uniformity of presentation" with constantly changing environmental factors. Please do not be impressed by titles and jargons. Begin to think before you accept seemingly scientific sta tements
that are designed to sell you a productLOW BACK PAIN
It should be appreciated that the spinal joints—in tervertebral joints and their disc structures—a re dependent on
different hydraulic properties of water stored in the disc core, as wel l as in the end plate cartilage covering the flat
surfaces of the spinal vertebrae. In spinal vertebral joints, water is not only a lubricant for the contact surface s, it is
held in the disc core within the intervertebral space and supports the compression weight of the upper part of the
body. Fully 75 percent of the weight of the upper part of the body is supported by the water volume that is stored in
the disc core; 25 percent is su pported by the fibrous materials around the disc (see Figure 8). Th e principle in the
design of all joints is for  water to act as a lubricating agent, as well as bearing the force produced by weight, or
tension produced by m uscle action on the joint. It is the same type of force. In most of these joints, the establishment of an intermittent vacuum promotes a silent water circulation into the joint,
only to be squeezed out by the pressure borne as a result of joint activity. To prevent back pain, one needs to drink
sufficient water and do a series of special exercises to create an intermittent vacuum to draw water into the disc
space. These exercise s will also reduce the spasm in the back muscles that in a vast majority of people— 80
percent of all back pains—is the main cause of lower back pain. One also needs to adopt correct postures. The
subject of back pain and its relationship to water is so important to understand that I have dealt with it in a special
book, How to Deal With Back Pai n and Rheumatoi d Joint Pain,  and a complementary video, How To Deal With
Back Pain. If you get back pain and, in particular, sciatic pain, you will benefit by reading th e book and/or seeing the vi deo. In
majority of cases, sciatic pain can be totally relieved within half an hour, when the special movements that produce
an intermittent vacuum in the disc spaces—sho wn in the book and the video—are performed. Bad posture—keeping the head bent for long periods of time when writing, working at a low b ench, "freeze position"
working at the computer for many hours, bad pillow, or too many pillows—can  be contributory factors in the
production of neck pain or even the displacement of the intervertebral discs in the neck. Neck movement is
essential for the establishment of adequate fluid circulation within the disc spaces in the neck. The weight of the
head forces water out of the discs over a period of time. To bring back the same water, the force of vacuum has to
be created within the same disc space. This can only be done if the head and neck are moved adequately
backward. A simple process in  less severe case s of neck pain from disc displacement would be slowly and repeatedly bending
the head and neck backward, as much as they will bend. Keeping the neck extended for 30 seconds at a time. This
prolonged extension will enhance the force of vacuum and bring water into the disc spaces. At the same time,
because of their front attachment to the spinal ligament, all of the discs will be retracted back into their normal
spaces between the vertebrae and away f rom the nerve roots in the neck
Another simple procedure to correct this problem is lying on one's back on the very edge of the bed with the head
hanging back and down. This posture permits the weight of the head to stretch the non-weight-bearing neck and
bend it backward. A few moments in this position being totally relaxed will ease the tension in the neck This is a
good posture to generate a type of vacuum in the disc spaces in the neck After gently bending the head backwar d
so that you can see the floor, raise the head until you see the wall nearer your feet. This procedure may be effective
in creating an intermittent vacuum in the vertebral spaces between any two vertebrae. The vacuum draws water into
the disc spaces and spreads it to all parts in the neck joi nts and lubricates their movements. This water is needed to
be absorbed by th e disc core until it re-expands to its natural size, jacking up and separating
one vertebra from the other. You could now b end the head from one side to the other. Try to look at the wall and
floor of the room, first one side and then the other side. People who  begin to suffer from neck "arthritis," o r disc
displacement in the neck, may wish to test this simple procedure to improve the mobility of their neck joints. ANGINAL  PAIN
For more information read the section on cholesterol. In brief and to address the dehydration-produced pains of the
body together, anginal pain means water shortage in the body: The common factor to all of the various conditions
labeled as different diseases o f the heart and the lungs is an established dehydration. Take a look at Mr. Sam
Liguori's and Loretta Johnson's letters, published by their kind permission (among the testimonials in the section on
cholesterol, pages 92-93). Mr. Liguori's anginal pain disappeared when he started to increase his water intake. He
also has suff ered from hiatus hernia. That too has started to clear up. Given time, it will clear up completely. Also
take a look at Loretta Johnson's letter. You will see that even at the young-at-heart age of 90, her anginal pain can
be treated with water to the extent that she does not need any medication for her heart pains. HEADACHES
In my personal experience, migraine headaches seem to be brought about by dehydration; excess bed covers that
will not permit the body to  regulate its temperature during sleep; alcoholic beverages (hangover) initiating a process
of cellular dehydration, particularly in the brain; dietary or allergic triggers for histamine release; excess
environmental heat without water intake. Basically, m igraine seems to be an indicator of critical body temperature
regulation at times of "heat stress." Dehydration plays a major role in the precipitation of migraine headaches. The most prudent way of dealing with migraine is its prevention by th e regular intake of water. Once migraine
breaks the pain barriers, a cascade of chemical reactions will stop the body from further activity. At this time, one
may be forced to take pain-relieving medications with copious water. Sufficient cold or iced water may by itself be
able to cool the body (also the brain) from inside and promote closing of the vascul ar system everywhere. Excess
dilation of the peripheral vessels might well be the basic cau se of migraine headache. Mrs. Mav is Butler, a touring Australian Adventist m issionary in Silang in the Philippines, has an interesting history. She has for years suff ered from migraine headaches. She would at times be so incapacitated as to become bed-
ridden. She came across this book when she was in Silang and started to increase her wat er intake. She wrote to
me that she has so  improved that she now wants to shout it from the house tops. Read her letter. Hers is another of
those human stories that


 cool. Strangely, the more she is aroused, the more self-control
you may develop in lovemaking. Try to discourage your partner
from making any abrupt, impatient movements at this time. Practice alone can help you sense accurately how close you are
to the brink, and when you should slow down or stop before re
suming coitus. If you sense yourself too close, apply the emer
gency brake: Press your middle and index fingers firmly on the
hui-yin acupoint on your perineum for 4 or 5 seconds, while breath
ing deeply; repeat if necessary. If done in time, this should pre
vent any ejaculation; the pressure can be applied while the jade
stalk is still inserted or after it is withdrawn. Only a virtuoso in
orgasmic brinkmanship can dispense with such measures as press
ing the hui-yin acupoint or the Tantric-inspired squeezing of the
frenulum or base of the stalk (recommended by Masters and
Johnson). When you first begin to practice your self-control during in
tercourse, inform your partner. Otherwise, your huffing and
puffing and other intense efforts n1ight be n1istakcn as signs of
apoplexy or heart attack. Your partner n1ay bccon1e frantic or apo
plectic herself; she n1ay try to help with 1nouth-to-n1outh resusci
tation, which is delightful, or she 1nay call for help, which could
be embarrassing. I)uring the early stages of brinkn1anship, sym
pathetic cooperation fron1 your partner is helpful to you both. O�'!tHmi c Hrinkr nmrsl ril' mrd Multi plt' o:�
Son1c advice tor won1cn is in order here. Your partner's per
tornlancc during the initial stages of hrinknunship tnay he frus
trating; patienn.· is your hl'St n·action. If you arc Sl'Xually gn·edy,
unsytnpathctic, or contl'tnptuous toward your partner's fum
bling. you nuy shatter his self-control. That will k·ad to prenu
turc t:jaculation or, \Vorse, tl'tnporary in1potence. Keep in n1ind
that once he has practiced sutliciently, your partner will have tu
tored his autonotnic nervous systen1 to withstand n1uch of your
passionate writhings and wrigglings. Soon he will be bringing
you to new orgastnic heights. As ml·ntioncd earlier, even though for n1ost n1cn they take
place sinntltancously. n1ale orgasn1 and ejaculation arc not the
same. The ancient technique of orgastnic brinktnanship enables a
n1an to separate his orgasn1 fron1 his ejaculation. He can keep
himself so ncar the brink that he experiences a series of smaller,
diffuse orgasms-quite similar to those women have-without
t:iaculation. And multiple orgasms without emission n1ean that
he can have sex much more often than if he ejaculated every time,
and that in a single session he can prolong pleasure, in himself and
his partner, until either or both reach an explosive orgasm. More ambitious couples who have discovered what a magic
wand the nonemitting phallus is can practice advanced lovemak
ing. Sophisticated lovemaking depends partly on the choice of
positions, and even more so on the coital dynamics. CoiTAL Posi TIONS
The earliest known systematically listed configurations for sexual
intercourse-the Arcane Maid's Nine Positions and the Mystic
Master of the Grotto's Thirty-subsequently made their way
from China to India and Japan in the East, and then to the West. Today one can count more than a hundred positions, a tally star
tling to tnost Westerners. These positions range from the mun
dane to the exotic, from the sensible to the ridiculous, and they
often have been overemphasized. Many "exotic" positions arc
merely variations of basic ones, with slight changes in the place
ment of lin1bs or in the slope of bodies. Quite a few positions are
more interesting in concept than in sensation. Others arc exclu
sively for acrobats and contortion ists. Because they arc titillating
.219 and lend themselves to graphic description, sexual positions are a
rich source for artists and writers in sexology, pornography, and
erotica. Unsophisticated lovers consider attention to coital posi
tion the pinnacle of sexual sophistication. In reality, love-play and
coital dynamics are far more significant. Yet finding the right position is important, especially in cases
of difference in size or in other circumstances of possible incom
patibility. Some positions affect considerably the depth and angle
of penetration, ease of movement. and thus the resulting sensa
tions. Most positions may be grouped into the following catego
ries: face to face, side by side, riding, sitting, rear entry, standing,
and whimsical. (See chapter 8 for the positions suggested by the
Arcane Maid and the Mystic Master; some are referred to below
for com paris on.) Face to Face
In the basic face-to-face position, the so-called missionary posi
tion, the woman lies on her back with her legs slightly parted, and
the man lies on top of her, supporting himself partly with his
hands. (The same position is used for the Arcane Maid's Somer
saulting Dragons and the Mystic Master's Swifts Sharing a Heart.) The advantages here are that the man and woman can kiss and em
brace, converse and make eye contact, and watch one another's ex
pressions. The disadvantages are that penetration is shallow, and
genital pressure and stin1ulation only moderate. Things can be made n1ore interesting, however, if the won1an's
pelvic angle and the placcrnent of her legs arc tnodified. A sntall
cushion or pillow under her lumbar region changes the angle of
her n1oon grotto passage, and thereby pennits easier and slightly
deeper penetration. Sirnilar results obtain if she reclines with her
sacrurn on thl' edge o f the bed, her thighs spread, and her legs
sloping down to the floor. If her partner leans forward between
her thighs, his jade stalk can indirl'Ctly stirnulate her clitoris. At
this angle his glans touches thl · back wall of thl· grotto, which is
not rich in nerVl'S. This position docs not pennit very deep pcn
l'tration. Thl· ancil·nt Chinese used it often on wedding nights, as
i� rninirnized the pain of virgin brides. Deeper penl'tration and greater stirnulation result if the woman
lil·s on her back, spreads her thighs wide and bends her knees, as 0�\!t�.ouic Brirr kma mlrip and Attu ltiple o:�
she would for a gynecolo gical examination (compare Kingfishers
Uniting). A different sensation is achieved if she raises her bent
knees to touch her bosom (as in Wrestling Apes or Mounting Tor
toises), or touches one knee to her bosom while extending one leg
(as in Dragons Twisting). The woman's wrapping her legs around her partner's waist or
hips (compare Silkworms Entangling) permits deeper penetra
tion but limits movement. In this position, novel stimulation can
be created if either or both partners contract their pubococcygeus
muscles. The woman can vary her position further: she can raise her
legs vertically into the air, hold her feet with her hands, or rest
them on her partner's arms (as in Roc Soaring over Dark Sea), or
place one leg on his shoulder and stick the other leg high into the
air (as in Horse Shaking Its Hoof). The Mystic Master's Wild
Horses Leaping, in which the woman puts her feet on the man's
shoulders, is an extremely popular variant in China. The position
tightens even a roomy grotto. When penetration is shallow and if
the angle is right, the sensitive grotto front wall, where the G spot J-. (·t't-orl-.s ll(llll d crs
'.,. -
221 is situated, can be stimulated effectively. When penetration is at
its deepest, the glans of the jade stalk can stimulate the flower
heart and give extraordinary pleasure to the woman. This posi
tion is good for couples aiming at conception. The man must ex
ercise care not to injure his partner in the heat of passion. A man
with a long organ should not try it. Side by Side
The lateral positions are for languid or lazy couples. In one ver
sion, the woman lies half on her side and half on her back, and
draws up the leg on whic h she lies; the man faces her (compar e
Fish Eye-to-Eye). Penetration is shallow


 Norton signed his ruling regarding
the retrial motion, Jefferson,  Mason, and Madison must
have breathed a sigh of relief. After two hundred years of
interpretations of what they  had intended—the system
had worked. Truth and Justic e would have the final word
after all. It ha d b een mo re than seven years since Bobby Davids
had walked into the U.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>
Q: Who did the author recommend as a senior partner to handle his case?,
A: Randy, a senior partner from a premier firm.
Q: What was Randy's health condition, and how did it affect the trial?,
A: Randy had a tumor and was undergoing treatment, which made it difficult for him to work on the case.
Q: Who took over the case after Judge Blatt stepped down?,
A: Judge Norton, the chief district judge.
Q: What was the outcome of the trial, and how did the author feel about it?,
A: The government dropped all charges against the author, and he felt a deep sense of appreciation and awe at the outcome, but not joy or relief.
Q: What did the author realize about the legal system after his experience?,
A: He realized that the legal system is imperfect and that it's up to the judge to ensure justice, as seen in Judge Norton's ruling.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>Anxiety	free:	stop	worrying	and	quieten	your	mind

Published	by:	ButeykoDVD.com
Loughwell,	Moycullen,	Co	Galway
Web:
www.ButeykoDVD.com
Email:
info@ButeykoDVD.com

©	Patrick	McKeown	2010
Cover	design	by	Aurora	Pérez	Machío
Illustrations	by	Timm	from	www.TimmJoyStudios.org.uk

All	rights	reserved. No	part	of	this	publication	may	be	copied,	reproduced	or	transmitted	in	any
form	or	by	any	means	without	permission	in	writing	from	the	publishers. This
book	is	sold	subject	to	the	condition	that	it	shall	not,	by	way	of	trade	or
otherwise,	be	lent,	resold	or	otherwise	circulated	without	the	publishers’	prior
consent	in	any	form	of	binding	or	cover	other	than	that	in	which	it	is
published	and	without	similar	condition,	including	this	condition,	being
imposed	on	the	publisher. The	information	contained	in	this	book	is	not	intended	to	serve	as	a
replacement	for	professional	medical	advice. Any	use	of	the	information	in
this	book	is	at	the	reader’s	discretion. The	author	and	the	publisher
specifically	disclaim	any	and	all	liability	arising	directly	or	indirectly	from	the
use	of	application	of	any	information	contained	in	this	book. Consult	a	health
care	professional	regarding	your	specific	situation.Contents

Prologue

Chapter	1	–	What	determines	your	happiness? Control	your	mind	or	allow	your	mind	to	control	you
Quietening	the	mind

Chapter	2	–	The	Buteyko	Method
Normal	Breathing	Volume
Chronic	over	breathing
What	increases	breathing	volume? How	to	recognize	habitual	over	breathing
Carbon	dioxide
Over	breathing	causes	depression,	stress	and	anxiety
What	is	the	fat	file	syndrome? Stress,	anxiety	and	anger	causes	over	breathing
How	many	of	the	following	symptoms	of	hyperventilation	do	you	have? Chapter	3	–	Applying	Buteyko	Breathing
How	to	interpret	breathing	exercises
Measure	Breathing	Volume	–	Your	Control	Pause
Three	steps	to	increasing	your	CP
Compare	our	lifestyles
Note	of	Caution
Cleansing	reactions
How	to	stop	panic	attacks,	anxiety	and	stress	with	Many	Small	Breath	Holds
Nasal	Breathing	for	good	health
Correcting	breathing	volume	(easy	approach)
Correcting	breathing	volume	(a	more	detailed	approach)
The	diaphragm
Relaxation	of	respiratory	muscles
A	formal	routine	for	correcting	your	breathing	(easy	and	detailed	approaches)
Informal	routine	for	correcting	your	breathing	volume	(easy	and	detailed
approach)
Bringing	reduced	breathing	into	your	way	of	life

Chapter	4	–	Physical	exercise	to	still	the	mind
The	importance	of	exercise
Nasal	breathingFeel	the	need	for	air	and	do	enough	exercise	to	create	a	sweat
Feel	relaxed	throughout
How	to	determine	if	you	are	breathing	correctly	during	physical	exercise
People	who	exercise	are	more	relaxed
Breath	Hold	During	Exercise
Maintain	control	of	your	breathing	throughout

Chapter	5	–	Further	stilling	the	mind
Connect	with	the	inner	body
Are	you	connected	to	the	wonders	of	life? Going	for	a	walk	but	missing	out	on	everything
Taking	ownership	of	the	mind
Simple	things	that	life	has	to	offer

Chapter	6	–	How	to	have	a	great	night’s	sleep
Sleeping
Closing	your	mouth	at	night

Chapter	7	–	Know	thyself
How	your	thoughts	determine	your	reality
Who	is	the	real	you? You	are	not	your	mind
Watch	your	thoughts
Is	the	mind	the	absolute	truth? Chapter	8	–	Individual	madness
Are	you	always	seeking	the	future? Is	this	his	life? What	is	your	life	story? Stop	complaining

Chapter	9	–	Society	madness
Prozac	me
Spiritualize	me
Educate	me

Chapter	10	–	Can	you	afford	not	to	have	a	still	mind? Creativity
A	still	or	noisy	mind	in	the	workplace
Concentration
Chapter	11	–	You	know	all	of	this! Accept	it	as	if	you	had	chosen	it	so
Shut	the	door	to	the	past	and	move	on! Stop	stirring	the	problem
The	bullying	child
Your	enemies
Positive	thinking	is	limited	at	best
Happiness	cannot	be	bought
Are	you	generating	peace	or	misery	within	yourself? Chapter	12	–	Going	forward
Choose	life	or	choose	thought
Old	tensions	dissolve
We	all	need	help	from	life
Let	go	of	the	wheel	of	life

Chapter	14	–	The	result
No	more	anger? Take	responsibility	for	your	own	life

Chapter	15	–	What	to	do
Gentle	approach:	Not	well,	elderly	or	have	a	CP	of	less	than	10	seconds
Teenager	approach
An	adult	with	a	very	busy	lifestyle
My	Direct	Experience
Appendix	one—A	history	of	Buteyko	in	North	America
Appendix	two—Websites	to	visit
Appendix	three—References
Appendix	four—Acknowledgements
Diary	of	progressPrologue

This	book	is	for	any	person	who	wishes	to	have	clearer	functioning	of	his	or
her	mind	and	not	to	be	bogged	down	with	useless	thinking. Within	three
weeks	the	result	will	be	more	control	over	thoughts,	better	concentration,
more	energy,	more	joy,	happiness	and	appreciation	for	life. This	is	a	simple
and	straightforward	self-help	book	approached	from	two	different	and	yet
related	perspectives. The	first	is	about	correcting	breathing	volume	using	a	physician	developed
programmed	known	as	the	Buteyko	Breathing	Method. Chronic	over
breathing	is	a	habit	present	with	any	person	who	experiences	stress,	anxiety,
panic	attacks	and	depression. It	causes	both	a	constriction	of	blood	vessels
and	reduced	delivery	of	oxygen	to	tissues	and	organs,	most	notably	the	brain. The	Buteyko	Method	is	a	simple	approach	that	significantly	improves
oxygenation	of	the	brain,	resulting	in	far	less	brain	cell	excitability. The	second	aspect	deals	with	recognizing	the	activity	of	the	mind,	the	nature
of	thought	and	how	to	step	out	of	thought. This	too	is	essential	to
understanding	your	mind	and	taking	control. The	mind	is	regarded	as	the	most	important	capability	of	the	human	species. Yet,	most	people	have	little	control


	consumption	of	protein	with	the	highest	“quality.”	As	any
marketer	will	tell	you,	a	product	that	is	defined	as	being	high	quality	instantly
earns	the	trust	of	consumers. For	well	over	100	years,	we	have	been	captive	to
this	misleading	language	and	have	oftentimes	made	the	unfortunate	leap	to
thinking	that	more	quality	equals	more	health. The	basis	for	this	concept	of	protein	quality	was	not	well	known	among
the	public,	but	its	impact	was—and	still	is—highly	significant. People,	for
example,	who	choose	to	consume	a	plant-based	diet	will	often	ask,	even
today,	“Where	do	I	get	my	protein?”	as	if	plants	don’t	have	protein. Even	if	it
is	known	that	plants	have	protein,	there	is	still	the	concern	about	its	perceived
poor	quality. This	has	led	people	to	believe	that	they	must	meticulously
combine	proteins	from	different	plant	sources	during	each	meal	so	that	they
can	mutually	compensate	for	each	other’s	amino	acid	deficits. However,	this
is	overstating	the	case. We	now	know	that	through	enormously	complex
metabolic	systems,	the	human	body	can	derive	all	the	essential	amino	acids
from	the	natural	variety	of	plant	proteins	that	we	encounter	every	day. It
doesn’t	require	eating	higher	quantities	of	plant	protein	or	meticulouslyplanning	every	meal. Unfortunately,	the	enduring	concept	of	protein	quality
has	greatly	obscured	this	information.THE	PROTEIN	GAP
The	most	important	issue	in	nutrition	and	agriculture	during	my	early	career
was	figuring	out	ways	to	increase	the	consumption	of	protein,	making	sure	it
was	of	the	highest	possible	quality. My	colleagues	and	I	all	believed	in	this
common	goal. From	my	early	years	on	the	farm	to	my	graduate	education,	I
accepted	this	virtual	reverence	for	protein. As	a	youngster,	I	remember	that
the	most	expensive	part	of	farm	animal	feed	was	the	protein	supplements	that
we	fed	to	our	cows	and	pigs. Then,	at	graduate	school,	I	spent	three	years
(1958-1961)	doing	my	Ph.D.	research	trying	to	improve	the	supply	of	high-
quality	protein	by	growing	cows	and	sheep	more	efficiently	so	we	could	eat
more	of	them. 2,	3
I	went	all	the	way	through	my	graduate	studies	with	a	profound	belief	that
promoting	high-quality	protein,	as	in	animal-based	foods,	was	a	very
important	task. My	graduate	research,	although	cited	a	few	times	over	the
next	decade	or	so,	was	only	a	small	part	of	much	larger	efforts	by	other
research	groups	to	address	a	protein	situation	worldwide. During	the	1960s
and	1970s,	I	was	to	hear	over	and	over	again	about	a	so-called	“protein	gap”
in	the	developing	world. 4
The	protein	gap	stipulated	that	world	hunger	and	malnutrition	among
children	in	the	third	world	was	a	result	of	not	having	enough	protein	to
consume,	especially	high-quality	(i.e. animal)	protein. 1,	4,	5
	According	to	this
view,	those	in	the	third	world	were	especially	deficient	in	“high-quality”
protein,	or	animal	protein. Projects	were	springing	up	all	over	the	place	to
address	this	“protein	gap”	problem. A	prominent	MIT	professor	and	his
younger	colleague	concluded	in	1976	that	“an	adequate	supply	of	protein	is	a
central	aspect	of	the	world	food	problem“
5
	and	further	that	“unless…
desirably	[supplemented]	by	modest	amounts	of	milk,	eggs,	meat	or	fish,	the
predominantly	cereal	diets	[of	poor	nations]	are…	deficient	in	protein	for
growing	children	….”	To	address	this	dire	problem:
MIT	was	developing	a	protein-rich	food	supplement	called	INCA-
PARINA. Purdue	University	was	breeding	corn	to	contain	more	lysine,	the
“deficient”	amino	acid	in	corn	protein. The	U.S.	government	was	subsidizing	the	production	of	dried	milk
powder	to	provide	high-quality	protein	for	the	world’s	poor. Cornell	University	was	providing	a	wealth	of	talent	to	the	Philippines	to
help	develop	both	a	high-protein	rice	variety	and	a	livestock	industry. Auburn	University	and	MIT	were	grinding	up	fish	to	produce	“fishprotein	concentrate”	to	feed	the	world’s	poor. The	United	Nations,	the	U.S.	Government	Food	for	Peace	Program,	major
universities	and	countless	other	organizations	and	universities	were	taking	up
the	battle	cry	to	eradicate	world	hunger	with	high-quality	protein. I	knew
most	of	the	projects	firsthand,	as	well	as	the	individuals	who	organized	and
directed	them. The	Food	and	Agriculture	Organization	(FAO)	of	the	United	Nations
exerts	considerable	influence	in	developing	countries	through	their	agriculture
development	programs. Two	of	its	staffers
6
	declared	in	1970
that	“…by	and
large,	the	lack	of	protein	is	without	question	the	most	serious	qualitative
deficiency	in	the	nutrition	of	developing	countries. The	great	mass	of	the
population	of	these	countries	subsists	mainly	on	foods	derived	from	plants
frequently	deficient	in	protein,	which	results	in	poor	health	and	low
productivity	per	man.”	M.	Autret,	a	very	influential	man	from	the	FAO,	added
that	“owing	to	the	low-animal	protein	content	of	the	diet	and	lack	of	diversity
of	supplies	[in	developing	countries],	protein	quality	is	unsatisfactory.”
4
	He
reported	on	a	very	strong	association	between	consumption	of	animal-based
foods	and	annual	income. Autret	strongly	advocated	increasing	the	production
and	consumption	of	animal	protein	in	order	to	meet	the	growing	“protein	gap”
in	the	world. He	also	advocated	that	“all	resources	of	science	and	technology
must	be	mobilized	to	create	new	protein-rich	foods	or	to	derive	the	utmost
benefits	from	hitherto	insufficiently	utilized	resources	to	feed	mankind.”
4
Bruce	Stillings	at	the	University	of	Maryland	and	the	U.S.	Department	of
Commerce,	another	proponent	of	consuming	animal-based	diets,	admitted	in
1973	that	“although	there	is	no	requirement	for	animal	protein	in	the	diet
per
se,
	the	quantity	of	dietary	protein	from	animal	sources	is	usually	accepted	as
being	indicative	of	the	overall	protein	quality	of	the	diet.”
1
	He	went	on	to	say
that	the	“…	supply	of	adequate	quantities	of	animal	products	is	generally
recognized	as	being	an	ideal	way	to	improve	world	protein	nutrition.”
Of	course,	it’s	quite	correct	that	a	supply	of	protein	can	be	an	important
way	of	improving	nutrition	in	the	third	world,	particularly	if	populations	are
getting	all	of	their	calories	from	one	plant	source. But	it’s	not	the	only	way,
and,	as	we	shall	see,	it	isn’t	necessarily	the	way	most	consistent	with	long-
term	health.FEEDING	THE	CHILDREN
So	this	was	the	climate	at	that	time,	and	I	was	a	part	of	it	as	much	as	anyone
else. I	left	MIT	to	take	a	faculty	position	at	Virginia	Tech	in	1965. Professor
Charlie


food	is	substituted	for	another,	then	the	adverse	health	effects	of	both	foods,
when	compared	to	plant-based	food,	are	easily	missed. To	make	matters
worse,	these	studies	often	focus	on	the	consumption	of	just	one	nutrient,	such
as	fat. Because	of	these	very	serious	flaws,	these	studies	have	been	a	virtual
disaster	for	discovering	the	really	significant	effects	of	diet	on	these	diseases.CHART	14.6:	PERCENT	CORRELATIONS	OF	TOTAL	FAT	AND
ANIMAL	PROTEIN	CONSUMPTION
THE	$100(+)	MILLION	RESULTS
So	now	that	you	know	how	I	interpret	the	Nurses’	Health	Study	and	its	flaws,
we	should	take	a	look	at	its	conclusions. After	more	than	$100	million	and
decades	of	work,	there	is	no	shortage	of	results. So	what	are	they? The	logical
place	to	start	is,	of	course,	the	question	of	whether	fat	intake	really	is	linked	to
breast	cancer. Here	are	some	of	the	findings,	cited	verbatim:
“these	data	provide	evidence	against	both	an	adverse	influence	of	fat
intake	and	a	protective	effect	of	fiber	consumption	by	middle-aged
women	on	breast	cancer	incidence	over	eight	years”
23
Translation:	The
	Nurses’
Health	Study	did	not	detect	a	relationship
between	dietary	fat	and	fiber	and	breast	cancer	risk. “we	found	no	evidence	that	lower	intake	of	total	fat	or	specific	major
types	of	fat	was	associated	with	decreased	risk	of	breast	cancer”
10
Translation:	The	Nurses’	Health	Study	did	not	detect	a	relationship
between	reducing	fat,	whether	it	be	total	fat	or	certain	kinds	of	fat,	and
breast	cancer	risk. “existing	data,	however,	provide	little	support	for	the	hypothesis	that
reduction	in	dietary	fat	composition,	even	to	20%	of	energy	during
adulthood,	will	lead	to	a	substantial	reduction	in	breast	cancer	in	Western
cultures”
24
Translation:	The	Nurses’	Health	Study	did	not	detect	a	breast	cancer
association	with	fat	even	when	women	reduced	their	fat	consumption	all
the	way	down	to	20%	of	calories. “relative	risks	for	…	monounsaturated	and	polyunsaturated	fat	…	were
close	to	unity”
25
Translation:	The
	Nurses’
Health	Study	did	not	detect	a	relationship
between	these	“good”	fats	and	breast	cancer	risk. “we	found	no	significant	associations	between	intake	of	meat	and	dairy
products	and	risk	of	breast	cancer”
26
Translation:	The	Nurses’	Heath	Study	did	not	detect	a	relationship
between	meat	and	dairy	consumption	and	breast	cancer	risk.“our	findings	do	not	support	a	link	between	physical	activity,	in	late
adolescence	or	in	the	recent	past,	and	breast	cancer	risk	among	young
adult	women”
27
Translation:	The	Nurses’	Health	Study	did	not	detect	a	relationship
between	exercise	and	breast	cancer	risk. “these	data	are	suggestive	of	only	a	weak	positive	association	with
substitution	of	saturated	fat	for	carbohydrate	consumption;	none	of	the
other	types	of	fat	examined	was	significantly	associated	with	breast
cancer	risk	relative	to	an	equivalent	reduction	in	carbohydrate
consumption”
28
Translation:	The	Nurses’	Health	Study	detected	little	or	no	effect	on
breast	cancer	when	women	substituted	fat	for	carbohydrates. “selenium	intake	later	in	life	is	not	likely	to	be	an	important	factor	in	the
etiology	of	breast	cancer”
29
Translation:	The	Nurses’	Health	Study	did	not	detect	a	protective	effect
of	selenium	on	breast	cancer	risk. “these	results	suggest	that	fruit	and	vegetable	consumption	during
adulthood	is	not	significantly	associated	with	reduced	breast	cancer
risk”
30
Translation:	The	Nurses’	Health	Study	did	not	detect	a	relationship
between	fruits	and	vegetables	and	breast	cancer	risk. So	there	it	is,	readers. Breast	cancer	risk	does	not	rise	with	increased
intakes	of	fat,	meat,	dairy	or	saturated	fat. Breast	cancer	is	not	prevented
by
increased	intakes	of	fruits	and	vegetables,	or	reduced	by	exercise	(either
during	the	teenage	years	or	during	adulthood),	dietary	fiber,	monounsaturated
fats	or	polyunsaturated	fats. Also,	the	mineral	selenium,	long	considered	to	be
protective	of	certain	cancers,	has	no	effect	on	breast	cancer. In	other	words,
we	might	as	well	conclude	that	diet	is	completely	unrelated	to	breast	cancer. I	can	understand	the	frustration	of	Professor	Meir	Stampfer,	one	of	the
leading	researchers	in	this	group,	when	he	was	quoted	as	saying,	“This	has
been	our	greatest	failure	and	disappointment—that	we	have	not	learned	more
about	what	people	can	do	to	lower	their	risk.”
6
	He	was	making	his	comment
in	response	to	an	opinion	that	“the	single	biggest	challenge	for	the	future	[is]
sorting	out	the	mess	of	contradictory	findings	and	lack	of	information	onbreast	cancer.”
6
	I	applaud	Professor	Stampfer	for	his	candor,	but	it’s
unfortunate	that	so	much	money	has	been	spent	to	learn	so	little. Perhaps	the
most	rewarding	finding,	ironically,	was	the	demonstration	that	tinkering	with
one	nutrient	at	a	time,	while	maintaining	the	same	overall	dietary	patterns,
does	not	lead	to	better	health	or	to	better	health	information. Yet	Harvard	researchers	have	been	steadily	cranking	out	their	findings,
despite	these	challenges. From	their	slew	of	studies,	here	are	some	findings
that	I	would	consider	as	very	troubling	contradictions	when	comparing
disease	risks	for	men	versus	women:
Men	who	consume	alcohol	three	or	four	times	a	week	have	a	lower	heart
attack	risk. 31
Men	with	Type	2	diabetes	who	consume	a	moderate	amount	of	alcohol
have	a	lower	risk	of	coronary	heart	disease. 32
And	yet…
Alcohol	consumption	increases	breast	cancer	incidence	by	41%	for
women	consuming	30–60	g/day	of	alcohol	compared	to	non-drinking
women. 33
Apparently	alcohol	is	good	for	heart	disease	and	bad	for	breast	cancer. The
husband	can	have	a	drink	with	dinner	but	should	never	share	it	with	his	wife. Is	this	a	difference	between	men	and	women,	or	is	this	a	difference	in
response	between	heart	disease	and	cancer? Do	you	feel	more	informed	or
more	confused? Then	there	are	those	wonderful	omega-3	fatty	acids. Some	types	of	fish
contain	relatively	large	amounts	of	these	fats	and	have	been	getting
their	share
of	positive	press	these	days. If	you’ve	heard	anything	about	omega-3	fatty
acids,	it’s	that	you	need	more	of	them	to	be	healthy. Again,	more	Harvard
findings:
“…	contrary	to	the	predominant	hypothesis,	we	found	an	increased	risk
of	breast	cancer	associated	with	omega-3	fat	from	fish”	(This	increased
risk	was	statistically	significant	and	was	associated	with	an	increase	of
only	0.1%	of	the	total	dietary	energy.) 10
“our	findings	suggest	that	eating	fish	once	per	month	or	more	can	reduce
the	r


 and longevity while living
on raw foods in their natural habitat is of special importance
to us. According to the naturalist, Barnes, the gorillas live in
nature a "life free from molestation, famine, or disease, also
judging by the worn teeth of one animal I secured, live in my
opinion, to much greater age than man. " On the authority of
the primitive Dyaks of Borneo, who are in the best position to
know, the orangutan lives in nature fully 40 to 50 years
longer than man, and it is not seen to suffer from disease
during this period. Chimpanzees, gibbons, and baboons have a shorter life span, though they live far longer in the wild
state than they do in captivity, and they are quite free from
the symptoms of senility. Indeed, explorers and hunters in Africa almost never report seeing a senile primate. The
gorilla has been seen to lose a part of pigmentation of hair in
advanced years—the hair on the back and shoulders assumes
a silver shade—though this is indication of normal senescence rather than the pathology of senility. W
HY ANIMALS ARE HEALTHY
   Philosophers of the past have referred to the health and
vigor of the wild and savage life, but, like Rousseau, they mistakingly drew the assumption that all factors of nature are
responsible for the superb animal health. It has been thought
that, to duplicate the health of the wild animal, we must
duplicate in every respect its living habits. This necessarily
  leads to a "back to nature" philosophy, opposing civilization
as such, which modern man does not accept. Animal health in nature is due to a number of different
factors. Pure air, adequate exercise, and rest, sufficient
exposure to sunlight, consumption of unsprayed foods from
fertile soils—all these are compatible with a high level of vigor and strength in animal life. They are insufficient in
themselves, however, to sustain animal health. Only when
combined with fully adequate nutrition, including the
consumption of raw foods, are they associated with freedom from pathology. Some have attributed the deterioration of modern man to
the fear and nervous tension in civilization. In wild nature these are thought to be absent, allowing the animals to live
thereby in good health. Actually, there is more reason for fear
and nervous tension on the part of the wild animal than there
is with either domestic animal s or civilized man. Carnivora,
accidents, and food scarcity represent enemies to which the captive or domestic animal need give little thought. Wild
nature is a constant battle for survival, a fact apparent to
every biologist, and this precludes any possible psychological
advantage which wild animal life would have over civilized
man. It compensates at least in part for the restraints placed
upon animal life in captivity and under domestication. The health and vigor in wild nature is, judging from the
evidence at hand, due in the main to the consumption of
completely natural foods. The exclusive raw food diet is the
norm of all wildlife. When man's interference does not place
into existence compensatory factors, it is associated with a
relatively high level of physical excellence. When an animal is placed in captivity or domestication, with the continued use
of raw foods, it continues to maintain this physical excellence
in spite of limited compensatory factors as may be present. If the animal is given heat-processed foods, it fails to maintain
its normal forms of immunity, and often fails to survive, even
though all other factors—exercise, rest, sunshine, pure air,
freedom, etc. —are most favorable. It is apparent that food exerts an important biological
influence upon animal life in general. Captive animals,
domestic animals, and farm animals fail to maintain a high immunity to disease, and their life span is materially
shortened, when cooked foods are consumed in large
amounts. Given raw foods, the respective animals live in
good health, retain strength and vitality throughout life, and
attain a normal life span. Wild animals, living exclusively u
pon raw foods, thus exem plify the o ptimum physical condition of the animal world. Their comparative freedom
from dental decay, parodontal disease, and sexual pathology,
as well as other degenerative processes, and even senility, is
the biological norm of all life in a state of nature. The existence of this fact is perh aps the most important reality
which nutrition and medicine have come to face. 6
RAW FOOD IN HUMAN
EXPERIENCE
RECOGNIZING the important chemical and physical changes
which heat produces in foods, as well as the close relationship existing between animal health and nutrition, the question
arises: Can the results of animal experience be successfully
applied to humans. Upon this question hinges the basic importance of the entire matter of food cookery. If the
application is not possible, all of the experiments and
observations that have been made on this entire subject will
seem of little importance to us. If it is possible, food will be
seen to be the most important single factor in determining the state of human health. It will offer hope to the human race
and optimism to a philosophy of medicine which up to now
has been groping in the dark in a desperate effort to control
human disease and physical degeneration. Nutritionists and biologists believe that the greater part of
animal experience in the use of foods can be applied to
humans. They point out that man is governed by the same basic biological and physiological laws that exist throughout
the animal kingdom. Man is listed as the animal species,
Homo sapiens, and as such he is a part of the animal
kingdom. Whether or not he is placed on a different mental or
spiritual level than other forms of animal life, no scientist
would attempt to place him on a different physical level. When experimental animals are given a diet similar to that
of various human racial groups, their physical condition and
rate of disease often corresponds almost exactly with that of
humans using the same foods. This was best demonstrated by Sir Robert McCarrison in India. This scientist placed groups
of white rats on diets which corresponded to those of racial
groups in India and other parts of the world. He found that
rats given the diets of the relatively healthy people of India—
Hunzas, Sikhs, and Pathans—attained the same good health the people attained. Those fed the diets of the less healthy
races failed to maintain their physical vigor and suffered from
disease at the same rate the respective people did. For
instance the rats fed a cooked and refined diet similar to that
used in the Indian province of Madrasi developed ulcers in 10 per cent of all cases, which corresponds exactly with the
percenta ge of ulcers amon g the inhabitants of the province. For those given the cooked foods of the Travancorian area the
percentage of ulcers was 25 per cent, just as it is among the
Travancorian people. Fifty per cent of the rats on the Sind
diet developed stones in the bladder, and half of the people in
the Sind province suffer from the same ailment. Such striking similarity in the reaction of man and other
animals to various foods applies in the main to the forms of
processing the food undergoes, not to the specific kind of
food itself. All animals, including man, do not react exactly
the same way to a strictly carnivorous, insectivorous,
omnivorous, herbivorous, or frugivorous diet. Each animal has certain dietary limitations, determined by physiology and
anatomical structure, which must be met. Members of the cat
family, for instance, would not get along on a diet of grass
with the same efficiency as the hoofed mammals; nor could
the latter animals secure adequate nutrition by using animal flesh exclusively. However, with each animal group,
including the higher primates, adhering to its normal dietary
customs, but having the same percentage of foods cooked and
refined, there is remarkable resemblance in the kind of
disease developed, its intensity, and the general physical
development as a whole. This does not mean that every animal experiment can be
applied, in all particulars, to man. A general application is
almost always possible, but not a complete application of
each specific point. As an animal lives in part upon cooked
foods for many generations, it develops an increased
tolerance for their deficiencies and may eventually achieve a higher survival rate than did the first generation. Man, living
largely upon cooked foods for hundreds of generations, does
not always experience the violent reactions common to the wild animal or experimental animal that is given cooked
foods for the first time. He finds that reproduction and
survival are rendered more difficult, though not impossible. He finds the bone and dental development to be impaired,
though not to the extreme degree that is observed in the cat. If only the less destructive methods of cooking are employed,
and much of the diet remains raw, he even finds that a
relatively high immunity to some diseases is obtained, as may
be seen by the experience of various primitive racial groups. Yet optimum health is not reached, and the difference is only one of degree; the ill-effects require more time to develop in
man and their total intensity is lessened in some cases. Applying the general animal experience with raw food to
man, we may expect, therefore, to observe a great increase in
the average duration of life and a notable improvement in the
state of health


 making sure that everyone has a n X-
ray to see if the se conditions actually exist. We believe that practically everyone has bowel troubles in the civilized world today
due in part to the way we are eating. We can’t usually sense these things because the nerve supply to the bowel is so poor th at we
don’t know  we have a serious problem until we have pain. Any time there is pain in the bowel, it is a serious condition. Whenever
there is gas, and it cannot be taken care of through the ordinary food routine or through ordinary treatments, then we know i t is
very s erious indeed. I believe that long before any of these symptoms appear in the body there are preconditions in the bowel and
we should be able to see how to take care of these things before symptoms appear. If a person is going to check up on the pre sence
of diverticula, possibly the best way is through the barium enema X -ray. This is one of the finest ways of doing it. There should
always be two X -rays; one when the bowel is full of the barium meal and one taken after it is emptied. Years ago, I was very
astounded when I took a picture of the bowel. We could see that there was some of the barium meal in a little pouch or
diverticulum. A week later, another X -ray was taken of the same patient for a gall bladder scan. Upon examination of the negative
we were a ble to see the barium meal still settled in various diverticula throughout the colon. If barium meal can stay there for a
week, what happens when food stays there. There is no food that should stay in the colon constantly and over a period of a we ek’s
time. We find through the work in iridology that most diverticula have settled in the sigmoid colon. We feel that this is the logic al place
due to the fact that the patient hasn’t answered nature’s call in the past. Bowel accumulations from not only one, two but from ten
even fifteen meals have backed up because many people are that much behind in getting rid of the toxic wastes that develop fr om
the food they eat. We find that many patients are having only one bowel movement a week; some two bowel movements a  week. I
had a patient who had a bowel movement every eighteen days and was still consuming three meals a day. The driest part of any
stool is always in the sigmoid colon. Because of this condition, the sigmoid colon has to withstand the greatest amount of  pressure
in trying to get rid of this dry stool. With the toilet designed the way it is, it becomes even a greater strain on the sigmo id than on
any other part of the intestinal tract. It is here that we find the driest material working the greatest hards hip on the mucosa of the
bowel wall itself. Further we find that the kinds of foods that man is eating today are excessive in meats and the putrefacti ve
materials —the heavy additives cause greater irritation. In addition, there are the spices, especially b lack pepper, which are
considered quite an irritant to the colon and to the liver. Many of the coal tar additives develop into drug accumulations as a result of ingesting into our bodies the various nostrums that
are so readily taken from the drugstore without prescription. We find that the sigmoid colon is the greatest place in the bowel for
these things to settle. Further, we do not bring children up to realize that bowel movements are the most important thing to take
care of in the body. We get busy; we let things slide - we put things aside; we “cannot take care of it now. ” The refining of
carbohydrates has removed the lecithin, oils and vitamin E from these foods. These act as a lubrication when present. The
lubrication is not sufficient in refined f oods to keep the feces moving for proper elimination. I believe that diverticulosis is a
civilized disease. It is a disease that has come about by our wrong living habits. It isn’t a matter of not having enough fib er one or
two days, it is a matter of not having it over a period of many years that can produce this diverticulitis. We find that fast living -
not chewing our foods properly; going to the quick -snack shops and eating foods that lack bran (the hull or outside coating), and
taking the skins from p otatoes, apples, pears, peaches and vegetables deprives the bowel of adequate bulk and fiber. We are
eliminating the fiber that we would naturally have to eat and which could well be the basis of giving the bowel wall all the exercise
that would be necessa ry to keep it from forming a diverticulum. People have gone from the smooth diet of pancakes, pasta and many of the other soft foods that we have today to those of extr eme
roughage and have caused many disturbances. We believe that by taking our time and slowly changing over from the soft diet to a
more rough diet, we can eventually diminish and remove the effects of the diverticula that have been built over many years of
wrong eating habits. FLATULENCE OR BOWEL GASES
Certain chemical processes in the col on produce various gases as by -products of normal bowel function. Some are odorless like
carbon dioxide, while others are very odorous such as hydrogen sulfide. Bowel gases are of no consequence in a healthy colon. This isn’t true in a diseased colon, howe ver. Excessive gas is an indication of bowel disturbances and can be very serious in its
consequences. For example, when there is a bowel stricture or obstruction due to constipation, the gaseous products may becom e
trapped, not being able to exit the anus. Extreme pressure may develop, causing pain, swelling and other symptoms to appear. Gas production does not always come from a normal metabolic process. In fact most gaseous wastes are the result of abnormal
conditions in the bowel. They are the produ cts of inferior processes at work in the body. Specifically, they are the result of
putrefactive fermentations. When undigested proteins find their way into the colon, they provide nourishment for unfavorable
bacterial growths. These undesirable bacteria a nd virus are responsible for the breaking down of organic compounds by way of a
putrefactive process. This process is undesirable specifically due to the fact that these organisms produce toxic, poisonous,  disease -
producing (morbid) by -products as a result  of their metabolic functions. The waste materials they produce are injurious to body
tissues. These organisms were not intended to inhabit the human body. Those that are beneficial and indeed necessary for good
health cannot live in an environment which i s dirty, toxic and constipated. When there are pockets, diverticula and ballooning in
the bowel, there is non -moving waste accumulating in the colon. These conditions are ripe for putrefactive fermentation to occur
and result in considerable flatulence, di scomfort and seepage of toxins into the body. A healthy colon produces little to no
flatulence. Taking care of gases in the bowel has been one of the most difficult problems to handle from a nutritional standp oint. When we start changing the diet and go in to the natural fibered foods that nature has given us, and leave off any man -handling, we
find that we have more of a gas condition. It is like the stirring up of a dirty basement and as we brush it clean, there is a lot of dust
that has formed. The one unusual thing I observed in taking care of people with a lot of gas is that they could go to town and eat the worst diet
possible and they would be free of gas. You could put them on coffee and donuts and nothing but that for 2 or 3 days and they
report no  gas whatsoever. And. when we put them on a natural fiber diet. as prescribed in our diet advice, then we have gas to
contend with. However, they began to say they were passing off the gas easier - their stools became softer; they did not have to
force the  bowel movement; they did not have to cause pressure: the feces moved easier through the bowel and they no longer were
having problems with constipation. However, the gas still persisted, but it seemed to get less and less and, over a period of  three
month s, we found that it came down to a minimal amount. Once a bowel has diverticula, it will never become totally free of gas. There are very few people who can say they have no ga s
|whatsoever. To get the gas out completely is almost an impossibility in this  day and age because we cannot live the way of life
necessary to accomplish that task, but I do think it can come down to a minimum and will cause no disturbance – no distress. THE EFFECT OF GRAVITY ON THE BOWEL
An important thing to realize is that we ha ve pressure, both mechanical and chemical, to take care of as far as the bowel is
concerned. On the chemical side, we have the effects of the acidophilus bacteria, acids and putrefactions. On the mechanical side. we have peristaltic action and the ever -present downward pull of gravity. Gravity, we must realize, brings on more problems than
most people can possibly imagine. Do you remember the historic landings of American astronauts on the moon. Were you
watching television when it showed them on the moon’s  surface, easily jumping 10 -12 feet high. When they walked, you could
see them bounce


 letters of
the Father's name are the first three letters of the Son's name, JOD HE
VAU, then you add a SHIN and an AYIN, making the Son's name read,
JOD HE VAU SHIN AYIN. You have heard what the first three are: JOD HE VAU. JOD means that
you are aware; He means that you are aware of something; and VAU
means that you became aware of being that of which you were aware. You have dominion because you have the ability to conceive and to be -
come that which you conceive. That is the power of creation. But why is a SHIN put in the name of the Son. Because of the infinite
mercy of our Father. Mind you, the Father and the Son are one. But when
the Father becomes conscious of being man he puts within the condition
called man that which he did not give unto himself. He puts a SHIN for
this purpose; a SHIN is symbolized as a tooth. More Free Books Law of Attraction HavenA tooth is that which consumes, that which devours. I must have within
me the power to consume that which I now dislike. I, in my ignorance,
brought to birth certain things I know dislike and would like to leave be -
hind me. Were there not within me the flames that would consume it, I
would be condemned forever to live in a world of all my mistakes. But
there is a SHIN, or flame, within the name of the Son, which allows that
Son to become detached from states HE formerly expressed within the
world. Man is incapable of seeing other than the contents of his own con -
sciousness. If I now become detached in consciousness from this room by turning my
attention away from it, then, I am no longer conscious of it. There is
something in me that devours it within me. It can only live within my ob -
jective world if I keep it alive within my consciousness. It is the SHIN, or a tooth, in the Son's name that gives him absolute do -
minion. Why could it not have been in the Father's name. For this simple
reason: nothing can cease to be in the Father. Even the unlovely things
cannot cease to be. If I once give it expression, forever and ever it re -
mains locked within the dimensionally greater Self which is the Father. But
I would not like to keep alive within my world all of my mistakes. So I, in
my infinite mercy gave to myself, when I became man, the power to be -
come detached from these things that I, in my ignorance, brought to birth
in my world. These are the two names which give you dominion. You have dominion if,
as you walk the earth, you know that your consciousness if God, the one
and only reality. You become aware of something you would like to ex -
press or possess. You have the ability to feel that you are and possess
that which but a moment before was imaginary. The final result, the em -
bodying of your assumption, is completely outside of the offices of a
three-dimensional mind. It comes to birth in a way that no man knows. If these two names are clear in your mind's eye, you will see that they are
your eternal names. As you sit here, you are this JOD HE VAU HE, you are
the JOD HE VAU SHIN AYIN. The stories of the Bible concern themselves exclusively with the power of
imagination. They are really dramatizations of the technique of prayer, for
prayer is the secret of changing the future. The Bible reveals the key by
which man enters a dimensionally larger world for the purpose of chang -
ing the conditions of the lesser world in which he lives. A prayer granted implies that something is done in consequence of the
prayer, which otherwise would not have been done. Therefore, man is the
spring of action, the directing mind, and the one who grants the prayer. More Free Books Law of Attraction HavenThe stories of the Bible contain a powerful challenge to the thinking ca -
pacity of man. The underlying truth – that they are psychological dramas
and not historical facts – demands reiteration, inasmuch as it is the only
justification for the stories. With a little imagination we may easily trace
the psychological sense in all the stories of the Bible. “And God said, Let us make man in our image, and after our likeness; and
let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the
air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping
thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his own im -
age, in the image of God created he him. ” (Gen 1:26, 27). Here in the first chapter of the Bible the ancient teachers laid the founda -
tion that God and man are one, and that man has dominion over all the
earth. If God and man are one, then God can never be so far off as even
to be near, for nearness implies separation. The question arises: What is God. God is man's consciousness, his aware -
ness, his I Amness. The drama of life is a psychological one in which we
bring circumstances to pass by our attitudes rather than by our acts. The
cornerstone on which all things are based is mans concept of himself. He
acts as he does, and has the experiences that he does, because of his
concept of himself is what it is, and for no other reason. Had he a differ -
ent concept of himself, he would act differently and have different experi -
ences. Man, by assuming the feeling of his wish fulfilled, alters his future in har -
mony with his assumption, for, assumptions though false, if sustained, will
harden into fact. The undisciplined mind finds it difficult to assume a state which is denied
by the senses. But the ancient teachers discovered that sleep, or a state
akin to sleep, aided man in making his assumption. Therefore, they dra -
matized the first creative act of man as one in which man was in a pro -
found sleep. This not only sets the pattern for all future creative acts, but
shows us that man has but one substance that is truly his to use in creat -
ing his world and that is himself. “And the Lord God (man) caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam and he
slept; and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;
and the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman. ”
(Gen 2:21, 22). Before God fashions this woman for man he brings unto Adam the beasts
of the field, and the fowls of the air and has Adam name them. “Whatso -
ever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. ”
More Free Books Law of Attraction Havenif you will take a concordance or a Bible dictionary and look up the word
thigh as used in this story you will see that it has nothing to do with the
thigh. It is defined as the soft parts that are creative in a man, that hang
upon the thigh of a man. The ancient story-tellers used this phallic frame to reveal a great psycho -
logical truth. An angel is a messenger of God. You are God, as you have
just discovered, for your consciousness is God, and you have an idea, a
message. You are wrestling with an idea, for you do not know that you
are already that which you contemplate, neither do you believe you could
become it. You would like to, but you do not believe you could. Who wrestles with the angel. Jacob. And the word Jacob, by definition,
means the supplanter. You would like to transform yourself and become
that which reason and your senses deny. As you wrestle with your ideal,
trying to feel that you are it, this is what happens. When you actually feel
that you are it, something goes out of you. You may use the words, “Who
has touched me, for I perceive virtue has gone out of me. ”
You become for a moment, after a successful meditation, incapable in the
act, as though it were a physical creative act. You are just as impotent af -
ter you have prayed successfully as you are after the physical creative
act. When satisfaction is yours, you no longer hunger for it. If the hunger
persists you did not explode the idea within you, you did not actually suc -
ceed in becoming conscious of being that which you wanted to be. There
was still that thirst when you came out of the deep. If I can feel that I am that which but a few seconds ago I knew I was not,
but desired to be, then I am no longer hungry to be it. I am no longer
thirsty because I feel satisfied in that state. Then something shrinks with -
in me, not physically but in my feeling, in my consciousness, for that is
the creativeness of man. He so shrinks in desire, he loses the desire to
continue in this meditation. He does not halt physically, he simply has no
desire to continue the meditative act. “When you pray believe that you have received, and you shall receive. ”
When the physical creative act is completed, the sinew which is upon the
hollow of man's thigh shrinks, and man finds himself impotent or is halt -
ed. In like manner when a man pr


 you are think-
ing. When you recall memories from your past, you are think-
ing. When you are considering something in your future, you are
thinking. When you are driving, you are thinking. When you arc
getting ready in the morning, you are thinking. For many of us,
the only time we are not thinking is when we are asleep; however,
the forces of attraction are still operating on our last thoughts as
we fall asleep. Make your last thoughts before going to sleep good
thoughts. MICHAEL BERNARD BECKWITH
Creation is always happening. Every time an individual has
a thought, or a prolonged chronic way of thinking, they're in
the creation process. Something is going to manifest out of
those thoughts. What you are thinking now is creating your future life. You create
your life with your thoughts. Because you are always thinking, you The Secret Revealed 17
are always creating. What you think about the most or focus on the
most is what will appear as your life. Like all the laws of nature, there is utter perfection in this law. You cre-
ate your life. Whatever you sow, you reap! Your thoughts are seeds,
and the harvest you reap will depend on the seeds you plant. If you are complaining, the law of attraction will powerfully bring
into your life more situations for you to complain about. If you are
listening to someone else complain and focusing on that sympa-
thizing with them, agreeing with them, in that moment, you are
attracting more situations to yourself to complain about. The law is simply reflecting and giving back to you exactly what
you are focusing on with your thoughts. With this powerful knowl-
edge, you can completely change every circumstance and event in
your entire life, by changing the way you think. I had a student named Robert, who was taking an
online course I have, part of which entails email access
to me. Robert was gay. He outlined all of the grim realities of his
life in his emails to me. In his job, his coworkers ganged up
on him. It was constantly stressful because of how nasty BILL HARRIS
TEACHER AND FOUNDER OF
CENTERPOINTE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 18 The Secret
they were with him. When he walked down the street, he was
accosted by homophobic people who wanted to abuse him in
some way. He wanted to become a stand-up comedian, and
when he did a stand-up comedy job, everybody heckled him
about being gay. His whole life was one of unhappiness and
misery, and it all focused around being attacked because he
was gay. I began to teach him that he was focusing on what he did not
want. I directed him back to his email that he sent me and
said, "Read it again. Look at all the things you do not want
that you're telling me about. I can tell you're very passionate
about this and when you focus on something with a lot of
passion, it makes it happen even faster!" Then he started taking this thing about focusing on what
you want to heart, and he began really trying it. What
happened within the next six to eight weeks was an absolute
miracle. All the people in his office who had been harassing
him either transferred to another department, quit working
at the company, or started completely leaving him alone. He
began to love his job. When he walked down the street, nobody
harassed him anymore. They just weren't there. When he did
his stand-up comedy routines he started getting standing
ovations, and nobody was heckling him! His whole life changed because he changed from focusing on
what he did not want, what he was afraid of, what he wanted
to avoid, to focusing on what he did want. The Secret Revealed 19
Robert's life changed because he changed his thoughts. He emitted
a different frequency out into the Universe. The Universe must de-
liver the pictures of the new frequency no matter how impossible
the situation might seem. Robert's new thoughts became his new
frequency, and the pictures of his entire life changed. Your life is in your hands. No matter where you are now, no mat-
ter what has happened in your life, you can begin to consciously
choose your thoughts, and you can change your life. There is no
such thing as a hopeless situation. Every single circumstance of
your life can change! MICHAEL BERNARD BECKWITH
You attract to you the predominant thoughts that you're
holding in your awareness, whether those thoughts are
conscious or unconscious. That's the rub. Whether you have been aware of your thoughts in the past or not,
now you are becoming aware. Right now, with the knowledge of
The Secret, you are waking up from a deep sleep and becoming
aware! Aware of the knowledge, aware of the law, aware of the
power you have through your thoughts. 20 The Secret
DR JOHN DEMARTINI
If you look very carefully when it comes to The Secret, and the
power of our mind and the power of our intention in our daily
lives, it's all around us. All we have to do is open our eyes and
look. LISA NICHOLS
You can see the law of attraction everywhere. You draw
everything to yourself. The people, the job, the circumstances, the
health, the wealth, the debt, the joy, the car that you drive, the
community that you're in. And you've drawn them all to you,
like a magnet. What you think about you bring about Your whole
life is a manifestation of the thoughts that go on in your head. This is a Universe of inclusion, not exclusion. Nothing is excluded
from the law of attraction. Your life is a mirror of the dominant
thoughts you think. All living things on this planet operate through
the law of attraction. The difference with humans is that they have
a mind that can discern. They can use their free will to choose their
thoughts. They have the power to intentionally think and create
their entire life with their mind. DR. FRED ALAN WOLF
QUANTUM PHYSICIST, LECTURER,
AND AWARD-WINNING AUTHOR
I'm not talking to you from the point of view of
wishful thinking or imaginary craziness. I'm
talking to you from a deeper, basic understanding. The Secret Revealed 21
Quantum physics really begins to point to this discovery. It
says that you can't have a Universe without mind entering
into it, and that the mind is actually shaping the very thing
that is being perceived. If you think about the analogy of being the most powerful trans-
mission tower in the Universe, you will see the perfect correlation
with Dr. Wolf's words. Your mind thinks thoughts and the pictures
are broadcast back as your life experience. You not only create your
life with your thoughts, but your thoughts add powerfully to the
creation of the world, If you thought that you were insignificant
and had no power in this world, think again. Your mind is actually
shaping the world around you. The amazing work and discoveries of the quantum physicists
over the last eighty years has brought us to a greater understand-
ing of the unfathomable power of the human mind to create. Their work parallels the words of the world's great minds, in-
cluding Carnegie, Emerson, Shakespeare, Bacon, Krishnamurti,
and Buddha. BOB PROCTOR
If you don't understand the law that doesn't mean you should
reject it. You may not understand electricity, and yet you
enjoy the benefits of it. I don't know how it works. But I do
knew this: You can cook a man's dinner with electricity, and
you can also cook the man! 22 The Secret
MICHAEL BERNARD BECKWITH
Oftentimes when people begin to understand the Great Secret,
they become frightened of all the negative thoughts that they
have. They need to be aware that it has been scientifically
proven that an affirmative thought is hundreds of times more
powerful than a negative thought. That eliminates a degree of
worry right there. It really does take many negative thoughts and persistent negative
thinking to bring something negative into your life. However, if
you persist in thinking negative thoughts over a period of time,
they will appear in your life. If you worry about having negative
thoughts, you will attract more worrying about your negative
thoughts, and multiply them at the same time. Decide right now
that you are going to think only good thoughts. At the same time,
proclaim to the Universe that all your good thoughts are powerful,
and that any negative thoughts are weak. LISA NICHOLS
Thank God that there's a time delay, that all of your
thoughts don't come true instantly. We'd be in trouble if
they did. The element of time delay serves you. It allows
you to reassess, to think about what you want, and to make
a new choice. All of your power to create your life is available right now, because
right now is when you are thinking. If you have had some thoughts
that will not be beneficial when they manifest, then right now you
can change your thinking. You can erase your previous thoughts by The Secret Revealed 23
One way to master your mind is to learn to quiet your mind. With-
out exception, every teacher in this book uses meditation as a daily
practice. It wasn't until I discovered The Secret that I realized how
powerful meditation can be


 have produced uniformly broad dental arches and
typical Eskimo facial patterns. Even the first generation forsaking that diet and using the modern
diet, presents large numbers of individuals with marked changes in facial and dental arch form. In
Fig. 12 will be seen four Eskimo girls who are of the first generation following the adoption of7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 48/250modernized foods by their parents. All have deformed dental arches. It is important to note the
pattern of the settling inward of the lateral incisors and the crowding outward of the cuspids. This
facial design is currently assigned to a mixing of racial bloods. These girls are pure-blooded
Eskimos whose parents have normally formed dental arches. FIG. 12. While dental arch deformities or crowded teeth are
practically unknown among many of the primitive groups of
Eskimos, they occur frequently in the first generation of
children born after the parents have adopted the white man's
foods. Note the narrow nostrils and changed facial form of
these children. This is not due to thumb sucking. We are particularly concerned with the foods used by these primitive Eskimos. They almost
always have their homes on or near deep water. Their skill in handling their kayaks is most
remarkable. During the salmon running season they store large quantities of dried salmon. They
spear many of these fish from their kayaks; even young boys are very skillful. They land salmon so
large that they can hardly lift them. They are expert in spearing seals from these light crafts. Seal oil
provides a very important part of their nutrition. As each piece of fish is broken off, it is dipped in
seal oil. I obtained some seal oil from them and brought it to my laboratory for analyzing for its
vitamin content. It proved to be one of the richest foods in vitamin A that I have found. The fish are hung on racks in the wind for drying. Fish eggs are also spread out to dry, as shown
in Fig. 13. These foods constitute a very important part of the nutrition of the small children after
they are weaned. Naturally, the drifting sands of the bleak Bering Straits lodge upon and cling to
the moist surfaces of the fish that are hung up to dry. This constitutes the principal cause for the
excessive wear of the Eskimos' teeth in both men and women. FIG. 13. The eggs of the salmon are dried and stored as an
important item of nutrition for both children and adults. They
are also used to increase the fertility of the women. From a
7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 49/250are also used to increase the fertility of the women. From a
chemical standpoint they are one of the most nutritious
foods I have found anywhere. The food of these Eskimos in their native state includes caribou, ground nuts which are gathered
by mice and stored in caches, kelp which is gathered in season and stored for winter use, berries
including cranberries which are preserved by freezing, blossoms of flowers preserved in seal oil,
sorrel grass preserved in seal oil, and quantities of frozen fish. Another important food factor
consists of the organs of the large animals of the sea, including certain layers of the skin of one of
the species of whale, which has been found to be very high in vitamin C.
    Since contact with our modern civilization, the Eskimo population for Alaska is very rapidly
declining. One authority has quoted the reduction of 50 per cent in population in seventy-five
years. An important observation has been made relative to the rapid shortening of the average life by
Dr. V. E. Levine and Professor C. W. Bauer, of Creighton University, Nebraska, who reported:
    Cordova, Alaska, Oct. 26, 1934--Due to susceptibility to tuberculosis and other diseases the
average life span of the Eskimo of Alaska is only 20 years and their race is doomed to extinction
within a few generations unless modern medical science comes to their aid. Unless a very radical change is made in the interference with the native supply of game and sea
foods, the Eskimo population seems destined to have a rapid decline and an early extinction. Their
primitive fish foods have been largely curtailed by the encroachment on their salmon streams made
by modern canneries. It is of interest to discuss in connection with the Alaskan Eskimo two white boys (one is shown
in Fig. 14), who were sons of a mining engineer. They had been born and raised in a mining camp
in Alaska, where their foods had been almost entirely shipped in. I travelled with the mother of
these two boys who was bringing them to the United States for operations on their noses, because
they were mouth-breathers. It is important to observe the marked underdevelopment of both the
middle third and lower third of the face of the boy shown in Fig. 14. The nutrition of the family
during their development and growth had been largely provided in package form shipped in from
the United States. Their disfiguration is typical of that of large numbers that are developing in our
highly modernized communities, and is similar, in general, to the deformities which develop in the
primitive races after they adopt the modernized nutrition. FIG. 14. This white boy was born and raised in Alaska on
imported foods. His facial deformity includes a lack of
development of the air passages, so that he breathes
through his mouth. Lack of bone development creates the
crowded condition of the teeth. Note his narrow nostrils. Notwithstanding the very inhospitable part of the world in which they reside, with nine or ten
months of winter and only two or three of summer, and in spite of the absence for long periods of
plant foods and dairy products and eggs, the Eskimos were able to provide their bodies with all
the mineral and vitamin requirements from sea foods, stored greens and berries and plants from the
sea.7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 50/250

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 6
PRIMITIVE AND MODERNIZED NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS
NATURE seems to have made one of her large scale demonstrations in the Americas of the
power of adaptation of a single racial stock to the scale of climates ranging from torrid jungles of
the tropics to the Arctics. The various members of the American Indian race seem clearly to have
come from a common origin. The route by which they reached America from Asia as suggested by
anthropologists was by way of the Bering Strait. Within a decade a Russian engineer has crossed
from Asia to America on the pack ice of the Bering sea, a distance of ninety miles. If this is
possible now, how much more likely is it that it has been possible in earlier periods of the world's
history, as, for example, during or following the last ice age, or at the time of an earlier ice age. The
American Indian, therefore, provides a very remarkable opportunity to study both the capacity for
adaptability to different environments and the variations that different environments can produce in
a single racial stock. That the Indian of today is not in general a counterpart of the native resident
at the time of the discovery of America by Columbus is clearly demonstrated both by the skeletal
material and by the early records. Our problem involved the location and study of groups of the original stock, if such were to be
found, who were living in accordance with the tradition of their race and as little affected as might
be possible by the influence of the white man. At first thought it might seem impossible that such
groups can exist, but as a matter of fact there are still great areas of the American continent
inhabited by the original stock living in areas still unexplored. In order to find Indians as little
changed as possible by reason of their contact with the white man, particularly with the white man's
foods, I went to northern Canada to the region inside the Rocky Mountain range to study the
Indians of Northern British Columbia and the Yukon territory. Since an aeroplane could not be
used, owing to the lack of a base of supplies for fuel for the return trip; and since the MacKenzie
water route was impracticable (an expedition could not go up the waterways through Canada on
the MacKenzie River and its branches and return the same season), the route selected was that
which enters that territory from Alaska on the large waterway of the Stikine River. This river has
cut its channel through the Coast and Cascade Ranges of mountains and has its origin in the high
western watershed of the Rockies. It was particularly desirable to reach a group of Indians who
could not obtain the animal life of the sea, not even the running salmon. These fish do not enter the
waterways draining to the Arctic. We used a high-powered river transport specially designed for
going up rapids on the Stikine River to the end of navigation at Telegraph Creek. At this point
large quantities of modern foods are stored during the short open navigation season of the summer
to be exchanged for furs during the long winter. A Hudson Bay Post has been established at this
point. Here a truck was chartered which took us over a trail across the Rocky Mountain Divide to
the headwaters of the rivers flowing north to the Arctic. At this outpost two guides were engaged
and a high powered scow char


. Then, mobilization of chemical properties might
be expected to re-establish the original level of the potential
difference. Through studies of both DC and AC phenomena in the living
system, it should be possible, therefore, to obtain straightforward
records of fundamental biological activity. Since in a complex
animal organization this is exceedingly difficult, not much pro
gress has been made. In plants, which presumably are much
simpler, the problem can be attacked more readily. For this
reason, therefore, the studies of the electrical response associated
with a stimulus to the sensitive plant, Mimosa, were made. The most striking thing about the results is the very great
similarity between the electrical response of the stimulus reaction
in Mimosa to the electrical records of propagated electrical re
sponse of the action current in vertebrate neurones. The magni
tude of the response is, of course, very much greater, and the
time scale in seconds rather than in milliseconds. Several seconds after a stimulus, whether a burn, a cutting or
crushing, or a shock from a 90 volt B battery, a wave of increas
ing negativity appears under the hot or peripheral electrode. This
peak arises to sixty or seventy millivolts and then subsides to
the original voltage gradient and, though not always, often
crosses it. This record is very similar to that of the spike in
the neural action current. This spike lasts, however, from two to
73 THE UBIQUI TOUS FIELD
three seconds to five or six seconds. In younger, more active
plants, the duration of the spike is apparently shorter than in
the older ones. Following the spike, there is a positive after-po ten
tial followed by an upward swing of the potential difference
which establishes a new level of negativity, lasting from a few
minutes to several hours. The whole wave form of this stimulus response is strikingly
like the wave form of a single axone response in the vertebrate
nervous system. Although the polarities differ, in all prob
ability this is caused by a difference in the geometry of the
electrode placement. Attempts were made to relate this to the
anatomy of Mimosa, as it is well known in animals that the rate
of conductivity of a nervous impulse is a function of the diameter
of the axone. In Mimosa there are continuous fluid-containing
channels which, conceivably, might be likened to a nerve process. These channels, however, are buried heneath the surface since
they are covered by many layers of cells. The electrodes, of course,
are in contact with the surface cells, not with the conduct ing
channels. The whole system, however, is obviously conductive of
electricity and it may he that the records obtained are derived
from the longitudinal channels. In Mimosa, the longitudinal channels vary in size, have thick
walls, and are arranged in quadrants. They arc centrally situated
and covered by many layers of cells. In the rachis, the channels
are more deeply placed peripherally and tend to scatter towards
the circumference as the stem is approached. There does not seem
to be any marked change in the size of the canals. In the stern
the number of conductive systems increases markedly with
a concom itant enlargement. Also, they lie nearer the surface and
there are fewer layers of cells covering them. The difference in
size of the channels may bear some significant relation to the
electrical records if it should appear that the conducting canals
are involved in the propagation of the stimulus. The study here reported suggests that with Mimosa-as in the
nervous system of animals-the rate of conduction of impulse is
a function of the diameter of the channel. But this particular
aspect of the problem needs to be investigated further. If the recorded standing -potential represents the measure of a
74 THE UBIQUITOUS FIELD
reservoir of electrical energy available for activity, then a stimu
lus such as that applied in Mimosa brings about a sudden with
drawal from that storehouse. The fact that a certain potential
gradient with the periphery positive to the central region is
necessary for the reaction, implies that unless the amount of
electrical energy stored is at a designated level, the reaction can
not go forward. If, however, the level is high enough, the
stimulus unlocks the storehouse and a wave of activity is propa
gated with a characteristic electrical correlate. It will be recalled
that these experiments with Mimosa led a distinguished East
Indian zoologist and philosopher to hold that such plants as
Mimosa and, by inference, all other plants, possess a soul, ex
emplified in particular by the reaction of the system to an ex
ternal stimulus. The interesting thing about all these results to date makes it
dear that the electrical properties of a living system are directly
to be correlated with the genetic constitution of a living system,
on the one hand, and on the other hand are modified by changes
in the physical or chemical. The alteration, however, is not in
pattern but in the magnitude of the typical response. This does
not mean that there is a profound change in the electrical field,
but only that the electrical field can be modified by an appro
priate stimulus. 7
We had started our voyage of discovery by examining the most
complex electro-dyn amic fields-those of the human organism. We had also found fields in simpler forms of life-animals, eggs,
seeds and plants. So it seemed desirable to extend our hunt for
fields to the simplest living organization, protoplasm. This was important, not only to make sure that everything
that is alive possesses a field but also because protoplasm is the
basic, formative material of animal forms. Wha tever may trigger,
too, the nervous system, a basic requirement is the energy made
available by the incredibly-complex chemical flux of protoplasm. The more, then, that we can discover about the elementary
75 THE UBIQUITOUS FIELD
properties of protoplasm, the better we will be able to under
stand how the nervous system functions. Again, at the suggestion of Professor Sinnott, an examination
was made of the electrical properties of a very simple protoplas
mic system, that of the slime mould, Physarum polycephal um. This is a common mould which grows readily in the lahoratory
and exhibits characteristic patterns of growth and of fruiting. Also, its protoplasm is in constant movement, oscillating from
one end of the system to the other. This streaming of protoplasm,
of course, is well known to botanists, and offers many oppor
tunities for investigatio n. The mould is a syncytium of proto
plasm with no cell boundaries but many included nuclei. Since
the material grows readily in quite adequate quantities, it makes
an ideal elementary protoplasmic system for a further study of
the electro-m etric properties. There were three primary objectives of this study: The first
was to determine whether or not, in the living plasmodium, in
constant movement, there exists an electrical correlate of this
movement. Secondly, after the results of the Mimosa experiment,
it was interesting to examine the possibility of an electro-m etric
response in the protoplasm to a variety of external stimuli, both
chemical and physical. Finally, a third possibility was to examine
the changes which might be found in the plasmodium when an
external field was applied to it. There is plenty of evidence in the
literature to show that changes in the electrical environment of
protoplasm do produce observable effects on the protoplasm itself. Using silver-silver chloride electrodes, a high input impedance
amplifier and a recording galvanometer, many records were taken
of the changing potential in a strand, or vein, of the plasmodium
during the movement of the protoplasmic system itself. In the
laboratory, using moving picture records and electro-metrics, the
pulsating character of the growth of the slime mould was studied. Under the microscope, it is simple to demonstrate that every
sixty or ninety seconds the protoplasm in the veins reverses the
direction of flow. The electrical pickup from the vein, comhined
with the moving picture, reveals that in the majority of instances
polar rev"rsal of the voltage occurs before there is a directional
change of the plasmic flow, but also there are many instances
76 THE UBI QUITOUS FIELD
where the change in both phenomena seem to occur simul
taneously. This, undoubtedly, needs further study. It is highly important, of course, to determine whether or not
the change in potential is the result of the protoplasmic flow or
the reverse of this. There is no evidence in the litera ture as to the
nature of the forces which bring about this change in proto
plasmic flow. Undoubtedly, this is involved in the growth of the
whole system and is concerned, apparently, in part, with the
search of the plasmodium for energy sources or food. The rate at which the protoplasm moves undoubtedly is a
function, to some extent, of temperatures in the environment. Although there are no exact records of these relationships, the
fact remains that lowering the temperature does tend to slow up
the flow of protoplasm. Certain conditions make it possible, more
over, to seek any electrical changes at times when the protoplasm
is