 juice can be
applied to burns to heal and soothe them.It is also beneficial in rheumatism and is
said to improve brain activity, although
there is, at present, insufficient proof.
Mustard Seeds
Mustard seed is a powerful anti-microbial
agent which can kill E. coli bacteria,
listeria and other foodborne pathogens.
Mustard seeds are a very good source of
selenium, a nutrient which has been shown
to help reduce the severity of asthma,
decrease some of the symptoms of
rheumatoid arthritis and help prevent
cancer. They also qualify as a good source
of magnesium. Like selenium, magnesiumhas been shown to help reduce the
severity of asthma, lower high blood
pressure, restore normal sleep patterns in
women having difficulty with the
symptoms of menopause, reduce the
frequency of migraines, and to prevent
heart attacks in patients suffering from
atherosclerosis or diabetic heart disease.
Mustard seeds are also a very good
source of omega-3 fatty acids, iron,
calcium, zinc, manganese, magnesium,
protein, niacin and dietary fibre. They
contain high amounts of phytonutrients
called glucosinolates. The seeds also
contain myrosinase enzymes that can break
the glucosinolates apart into other
phytonutrients called isothiocyanates. Theisothiocyanates in mustard seeds have
been repeatedly studied for their anti-
cancer effects. In animal studies and
particularly in studies involving the
gastrointestinal tract and colorectal
cancer, intake of isothiocyanates has been
shown to inhibit the growth of existing
cancer cells and protect against the
formation of such cells.
Mustard seeds may be added to hot ghee
(clarified butter used in Indian cuisine) to
lend a nutty flavour to many dishes. They
are also used as flavouring for vegetables
and lentils.
NutmegNutmeg is used to flavour confectionary as
well as many savoury and sweet dishes. It
also has some traditional medicinal uses,
including as a treatment for diarrhoea. In
high doses, it has narcotic effects.
Nutmeg provides several important
antioxidants, including eugenol which
inhibits platelet aggregation and oleanolic
acid which can lower blood lipids. It also
contains limonene which, as mentioned
previously, has preventive properties
against some cancers, and linalool which
has anti-cancer and antiviral effects.
Nutmeg is known to have anti-
inflammatory properties and can be used
to treat joint and muscle pain. The oilworks particularly well for this when it is
massaged into the affected area. It is an
integral herb in Chinese medicine in
which it is used for stomach pain and
inflammation as well as reducing joint
swelling.
Paprika
Paprika is unusually high in vitamin C.
Hungary’s Nobel Prize-winning Professor
Szent-Györgyi first discovered the vitamin
in paprika chilli peppers. The bell
(capsicum) peppers used for paprika
contain six to nine times as much vitamin
C as tomatoes by weight. High heat
degrades the vitamin content of peppers,meaning that commercially dried peppers
are not as nutritious as those dried
naturally in the sun.
As an anti-bacterial agent and stimulant,
paprika can help normalize blood
pressure, improve circulation and
increase the production of saliva and
stomach acids to aid digestion.
Saffron
Known as a golden and expensive spice,
saffron is indeed a very special and
precious spice with numerous health
benefits. It is particularly used in cooking
to add an aroma and spice to food as it hasthe quality of turning any dish into an
exotic one.
Saffron has numerous health benefits. It
has long been used for improving
digestion and appetite, and the treatment
of kidney, bladder and liver disorders as
it helps improve circulation to the
digestive organs. Also, it coats the
membranes of the stomach and colon
thereby helping to soothe gastrointestinal
colic and acidity. Saffron is found to be
extremely beneficial for providing relief
from gas and acid related problems.
It helps in treating various disorders such
as asthma, atherosclerosis, painful
menstrual periods and even depression,amongst others. The spice is considered
as a blood purifier and anti-inflammatory.
It helps in relieving inflammation of
arthritis along with providing relief from
joint pains. It is also said to be a mild
sedative which can be used for insomnia
and even to treat depression.
Cooking with saffron is popular in the
Middle East, Spain and Italy. It has a
wonderful aroma and also adds colour to
the food. Saffron contains carotenoids,
which are known to inhibit skin tumours
and improve arthritis in various
independent studies. The numerous active
constituents in saffron are also known to
bring about a positive effect on people
with neurodegenerative disorders andmemory problems. Massaging the gums
with saffron helps in reducing soreness
and inflammation of the mouth and tongue.
Saffron is usually used in its dried form
and is expensive as a spice and as a
herbal supplement. When choosing saffron
as a herbal supplement, opt for whole
saffron threads as they tend to have more
medicinal properties than the powder.
Saffron may have anti-cancer effects and it
also helps in lowering LDL (‘bad’)
cholesterol. Additionally, saffron acts as
an antispasmodic and is used in cough
suppressants. It also aids in the treatment
of whooping cough, acidity, headaches,
acne and urinary disorders among others.Research has found anti-cancerous
properties in saffron. This is primarily
due to antioxidants present in it which
provide protection against various kinds
of cancers such as leukaemia and ovarian
carcinoma, and which also provide
protection against coronary heart disease,
diabetes and hepatitis.
Sesame Seeds
Sesame seeds are a good source of
manganese and copper. They are also a
good source of calcium, magnesium, iron,
phosphorus, vitamin B1, zinc and dietary
fibre. In addition to these important
nutrients, sesame seeds contain twounique substances: sesamin and
sesamolin. Both these substances belong
to a group of phyto-oestrogens called
lignans, and have been shown to have a
cholesterol-lowering
 effect in humans, and
to prevent high blood pressure and
increase vitamin E supplies in animals.
Sesamin has also been found to protect the
liver from oxidative damage.
Tahini
Tahini may be made from hulled or un-
hulled sesame seeds. The tahini made with
un-hulled sesame seeds is richer in
vitamins and minerals but is darker and
has a stronger flavour, so it may not suitsome recipes. Because the sesame seeds
are ground into a paste, tahini is easy to
digest, and within half an hour of its
consumption it provides the body with a
balanced supply of energy, vitamins and
minerals.
Tahini, being rich in vitamins A, E and B,
biotin and choline is a nutritional
powerhouse. It is also 20 percent
complete protein making it a richer
protein source than milk, soy beans,
sunflower seeds and most nuts. Tahini has
one of the highest sources of methionine,
an essential amino acid, and also contains
lecithin, which reduces the levels of fat in
the blood and also protects against
environmental toxins such as nicotine.Tahini is also high in minerals such as
magnesium, potassium, iron and
phosphorus, and is an excellent source of
calcium. In fact, tahini is claimed to be the
best source of calcium there is and, unlike
dairy products that also supply calcium, it
is not mucous forming.
Turmeric
Turmeric comes from the root of the
Curcuma longa plant and has a tough
brown skin and a deep orange flesh.
Turmeric has long been used as a
powerful
anti-inflammatory
 in both the
Chinese and Indian systems of medicine to
treat a wide variety of conditionsincluding flatulence, jaundice, menstrual
difficulties, bloody urine, haemorrhage,
toothache, bruises, chest pain and colic.
Curcumin’s antioxidant actions, the main
phytonutrient in turmeric, enable it to
protect the colon cells from free radicals
that can damage cellular DNA, a
significant benefit particularly as cell
turnover is quite rapid in the colon,
occurring approximately every three days.
Because of their frequent replication,
mutations in the DNA of colon cells can
result in the formation of cancerous cells,
so curcumin helps prevent them from
spreading through the body and causing
more harm. A primary way in which
curcumin does this is by enhancing liverfunction. Additionally, other suggested
mechanisms by which it may protect
against cancer development include
inhibiting the synthesis of a protein thought
to be instrumental in tumour formation and
preventing the development of additional
blood supply necessary for cancer cell
growth. Turmeric or curcumin is one of
the most-researched spices regarding
cancer. But curcumin is not
well-utilized
by the body – it


 advantageous
changes for individuals looking to improve their physical performance.
Breath-hold dive rs have been fo und to show a 5 percent higher resting
hemoglobin mass than untrained divers, suggesting that long-term breath
holding has a tangible ef fect on performance. In addition, experienced
breath-hold divers demonstrate a stronger spleen contraction in  response tobreath-hold exer cises, leading to a greater release of red blood c ells into the
blood supply, improving their oxygen delivery.
In ch apter 1, I mentioned Don Gordon, who has reached new he ights in
his c ycling performance by app lying the Oxygen Advantage program. In a
recent e- mail, he  informed me t hat his hematocrit was 52 perce nt (up from
47 percent)—high enough to provide increased aerobic performance while
still remaining within the upper normal range.
As I  have note d before, it is not possible or practical for e veryone
wishing to benefit from the ef fects of hypoxic training to live at high
altitude, but fortunately benefic ial results can be obtained with less drastic
alterations to your lifestyle and training routine.
The adage “use it or lose it” can be applied to all forms of training;
form, fi tness, and endurance can only be maintained through constant
repetition and practice. The sam e is true for your breathing. First you must
learn how to breathe ef ficiently and correctly day and night, during rest and
activity. Only then should you a pply Oxygen Advantage techniques to your
training routine and sporting competition. By practicing these exercises
regularly, you will benefit from all the advantages of high-altitude training,
increase your VO 2  max, and move beyond your previous limits.
T o fully utilize the power of Oxygen Advantage reduced b reathing
exercises, it is im portant to bring a feeling of relaxation to your body as you
exercise, and encourage your breathing volume to reduce. Exercise at a
pace in which y our breathing is regular and controlled, and you experience
a feeling of air  shortage. T o generate greater intensity and bring about
positive physiological changes from hypoxic training, incorporate breath
holds into your p hysical training. Y our BOL T score will provide continuous
feedback on your breathing volume during rest and physical exercise. If
your BOL T score decreases, it means your breathing is heavie r than your
metabolic requirements. This will have negative implications for both
performance and health. Return  to the earlier exercises and concentrate on
retraining your breathing habits  until you are able to improve your BOL T
score to more than 30 seconds.
When y ou first begin these exer cises, your breath-hold time and BOL T
score may be short, but with regular training and a commitment to theprogram, both these measureme nts can be increased over a short period of
time.
A number of res earch papers have come to conclusions that support my
findings, studyin g athletes and n onathletes alike to see the ef fects of breath-
hold exercises on an individual’ s tolerance of carbon dioxide. These studies
have fou nd that breath-hold tim e can be increased as a result o f short-term
and long -term practice. For example, a study measuring the breath-hold
time of volunteers practicing breath-hold exercises with their faces
immersed in water found that th e length of breath holds increas ed by up to
an impressive 43 percent over a series of exercises. Another study found
that breath-hold  divers with 7 to 10 years of experience were a ble to hold
their breath for u p to 440 second s, compared to up to 145 seconds achieved
by inexperienced  individuals. Similarly, the duration of breath-hold time for
triathletes was found to be sign ificantly lengthe ned following a three-month
breath-hold program.
Earlier on, we investigated the ef fects of a reduced sensitivity
(ventilatory response) to carbon  dioxide, finding that it resulted in better
sports p erformance, reduced bre athlessness, and improved VO 2  max. Y our
BOL T s core allows you to measure this sensitivity and provid es a useful
method for tracking your progre ss, providing you with both a goal to strive
for ( attaining a B OL T score of 40 seconds) and positive reinfor cement that
you are making real changes to your body’ s capabilities as you watch your
score in crease. All the exercises in this book aim to increase your BOL T
score and improve your body’ s tolerance for CO 2, and you will be able to
notice im provements to your well-being and performance rig ht from the
very first time you practice.CHAPTER 8
F i n d i n g  t h e  Z o n e
C onsidered the greatest moment in twentieth-century boxing, the 1974
“Rumble in the Jungle” pitted undefeated world heavyweight champion
Geor ge Foreman against former  champion Muhammad Ali. The event was
or ganized by boxing promoter Don King and sponsored by t he King of
Zaire with the promise of a major purse to the winner.
No one thought Ali had much of  a chance of beating Foreman. After all,
Foreman was both younger an d lar ger than Ali and was considered the
strongest fighter  of his generati on—no previous opponent had lasted more
than thre e rounds with him. But Ali had more than just speed and strength
—he use d psych ology and tactics to his advantage. During the early rounds
of the fight Ali toyed with Fore man by frequently leaning on th e ropes and
covering himself up, leading Foreman to throw inef fective body punches
and tire himself  out. By the seventh round, Ali turned to taunting, goading
the wea ry Forem an with jibes l ike “They told me you could punch!” and
“That all you got, Geor ge?”
In th e ei ghth round Ali saw his m oment and took it, landing a strong left
hook and hard right. Foreman, weakened by fatigue and distraction,
stumbled to the canvas, and though he managed to get up at the count of
nine, the referee called the bout to an end. Muhammad Ali, a master in
psychology, won the title by a knockout.
V ery few people could have exp ected this outcome. Both fighters were
equally motivate d to win, but while Foreman was at that time the stronger
combatant, Ali’ s constant barrage of taunts played a significant role in
undermining Foreman’ s mental strength, causing his concentration to lapse
and allowing him to lose his tem per—the opportunity Ali need ed to strike.By pulli ng his opponent out of t he zone, Ali created an opening for himself,
overcoming all odds. And that’ s all it takes—just one distraction can
dramatically alte r the outcome o f any event. Often athletes are deprived of
success not because of lack of skill, fitness, or stamina, but by their own
thoughts.
When looking back on a disapp ointing performance, most athletes will
comment that their head “just w asn’ t in it.” T raining the mind to be in the
flow is just as vital as training th e body. As any athlete knows, one thought
is al l it takes to divert attention from the task at hand, ruinin g the shot,
penalty, race, or putt. But while in the flow, distracting thoughts do not
enter. T he shouts of opposing spectators are not heard, a mistake made
during the game is not ruminat ed on, and thoughts of past mistakes or of
future go als do not arise. There is no fear of losing. There is no expectation
of winni ng. Y ou are not anxious about actions or reactions from opponents
but ef fortlessly perform to the best of your ability. Nothing e lse matters.
Y ou are  present, using the full concentration of your mind in a state of
undivided attention.
“Going with the flow” is a concept popularized by Mihaly
Csikszentmihalyi, former head of the department of psycho logy at the
University of Chicago. Csikszentmihalyi described “flow” as the experience
of “bein g completely involved in an activity for its own sake. Self-
consciousness falls away. T ime flies. Every action, movement, and thought
follows inevitab ly from the previous one, like playing jazz. Y our whole
being is  involve d, and you’re us ing your skills to the utmost.” This mental
state is also so metimes descri bed as being in the zone or the present
moment.
Flow is a state of concentration that allows for complete imme rsion in
the situation at hand. Being in the flow means that no boundaries exist
between you and the activity in which you are involved. The player and the
game be come one. The ego—which is the fictitious story that we create
about ourselves—is left behind.  Conscious thinking ceases, and the athlete
acts spo ntaneously. Any sense of self-consciousness is set aside, allowing
full conc entration and focus to be obtained. While in the flow, instinct and
intuition take over and the right action happens automatically, without the
need for conscious thought.When in  the flow you do not t hink about how good you are,  or how
useless y ou are,


 onfresh, raw food; one week on dilute carrot juice with some green leafy vegetablesjuice too; one week on water fasting; and then she repeated the series. After sixweeks of detoxification, I gave Alice a Life Extension megavitamin formula,discovered she could not handle the acid form of vitamin C (that she had alreadybeen taking) and had her start on protomorphogens to rebuild her weakenedendocrine system, her exhausted adrenals and weak pancreas. She also begantaking pancreatic enzymes when she ate vegetable protein. She was put on amaintenance diet that eliminated foods she was allergic to; the diet primarilyconsisted of whole grains, nuts, cooked and raw vegetables, and raw fruits. Onher maintenance diet Alice had a profound resurgence of energy and rediscovereda sense of well-being she had not known for decades. She began to feel like shehad when she was a child. Her constant sinus drip was gone. She was able tostop taking synthetic thyroid hormones and instead, supported her endocrinesystem with protomorphogens.
A Rampaging Infection
At the age of 40, John, an old bohemian client of mine, came into a moderate
inheritance and went “native” in the Fiji Islands in the South Pacific. He spentabout four months hanging out with the locals. Life there was so much fun thatJohn completely forgot that his body was actually rather delicate, that many of hisorgans were weak, and that to feel good, he had to live a fairly simon-pure life.
But the jovial, accepting, devil-may-care Fijians enjoyed a constant party,
even more so because John’s money allowed the Fijians to manifest powerful,tropical, home-grown strains of recreational herbs to smoke in abundance, beerand rum and worse, the Fijians (and John) constantly used a very toxic thoughonly mildly-euphoric narcotic called kava, something Europeans usually have nogenetic resistance to. The Fijians (and John) also ate a lot of freshly-caught fishfried in grease, well-salted, and huge, brain-numbing bowls of greasy starches,foods that they call i’coi, or “real food” as opposed to things like fruit and
vegetables that aren’t real food because they don’t knock you to the floor forhours trying to digest them in a somnambulant doze.
John miraculously kept up with this party for a few months and then, while
scuba diving, got some small coral scratches on his leg. These got infected. Theinfections got worse. Soon he had several huge, suppurating, ulcerous sores onhis legs and worse, the infections became systemic and began spreading rapidly.He was running a fever and was in considerable pain. So John booked anemergency ticket home and fled to find Doctor Isabelle. When I met his plane hewas rolled out in a wheelchair, unable to walk because of painfully swollen legs.
John was violently opposed to ordinary medical treatment; he especially would
not have taken antibiotics even if he had died without them because previouscourses of antibiotics had been the precipitant of life-threatening conditions thatfirst brought John to my care. John used his last strength to get to me because heknew that had a hospital gotten its clutches on him the medical doctors wouldhave done exactly as they pleased.
I gave John a colonic, a gentle, mental spanking, and put him to bed without
any supper. He started water fasting and did colonics every day. He begangobbling vitamin C (as calcium ascorbate) a few grams every hour. I put hugepoultices on his sores made of clay and chopped lawn grass (we needed a weekor so before a tray of wheat grass would be ready). John’s sores were amazing.Every day a new one seemed to appear on a different part of the body. The oldones kept getting bigger and deeper. The largest original ones were about threeinches in diameter, smelled horribly and had almost eaten the flesh down to thebone. His pain was severe; there was no position John could assume that didn’tirritate one sore or another, and it was a good thing my house was remotebecause John frequently relieved his pain by screaming. John was never delirious,but he was always original. He did not have to scream, but enjoyed its relief andhowled quite dramatically. I wore earplugs.
After about two weeks of water fasting, John counted up the total of his sores.
There were forty three. Seven or eight of them were enormous, two or threeinches in diameter and well into the flesh, but the last ones to appear wereshallow, small and stayed small. After that point no more new ones showed upand the body began to make visible headway against the infection. Very slowlyand then more and more rapidly, the sores began to close up and heal from theedges. John’s fever began to drop. And he had less pain. I should mention thatJohn brought an extremely virulent and aggressive pathogenic organism into ourhouse to which we Americans had no resistance. Both my husband and I wereattacked where the skin had been broken. However, unlike John, in our cases,our healthy bodies immediately walled-off the organism and the small, reddenedpustules, though painful, did not grow and within a week, had been conquered byour immune systems. And after that we had an immunity.
After about three weeks of his fasting we were thoroughly tired of hearing
John’s cathartic howls, tired of nursing a sick person. We needed a break. John atthis point could walk a bit and was feeling a lot better. John had previously water
fasted for 30 days and knew the drill very well. So we stocked up the vitamin C
bottle by his bed and went to town for the weekend to stay in a motel and see amovie. As they say in the Canadian backwoods, we were bushed.
John had promised to be good. But as soon as we left he decided that since he
felt so very much better, he could break his fast. He knew how to do this andfortunately for him, (it was very much premature for John to eat) did it more orless correctly, only eating small quantities of raw fruits and vegetables. But by thetime we got back home three days later, John had relapsed. The pain was rapidlygetting much worse; the sores were growing again and a few small new onesappeared. Dr. Isabelle again took away his food and gave him another verbalspanking a little more severe than the one he’d had a few weeks earlier and puthim to bed again without his supper.
After two more weeks on water, John had gained a great deal on the sores.
They were filling in and weren’t oozing pus, looked clean and the new formingmeat looked a healthy pink instead of purple-black. But John had been veryslender to start with and by now he was getting near the end of his food reserves.He probably couldn’t have fasted on water for more than one more week withoutstarvation beginning. But this time, when he broke his fast, it was under closesupervision. I gave him dilute juice only, introduced other sustenance verycautiously and made absolutely sure that reintroducing nourishment would notpermit the organism to gain. This time it didn’t. John’s own immune system,beefed up by fasting, had conquered a virulent organism that could have easilykilled him.
Before the era of antibiotics, before immunizations to the common childhood
illnesses, people frequently died of infections as virulent as the one that attackedJohn. They usually died because they “ate to keep up their strength.” Most ofthese deaths were unnecessary, caused by ignorance and poor nursing care. Forexample, standard medical treatment for typhoid fever used to consist of spoon-fed milk—sure to kill all but the strongest constitution. Even without the assistance
of massive doses of vitamin C, if people would but fast away infections they could
cure themselves of almost all of them with little danger, without the side effects ofantibiotics or creating mutated antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
Dr. John Tilden, a hygienist who practiced in the ‘20s, before the era of
antibiotics, routinely fasted patients with infectious illnesses. Supporting the sickbody with wise nursing, he routinely healed scarlet fever, whopping cough,typhoid, typhus, pneumonia, peritonitis, Rocky Mountain fever, tuberculosis,gonorrhea, syphilis, cholera, and rheumatic fever. The one common infection hecould not cure was diphtheria involving the throat. (Tilden, Impaired Health,  V ol.
II).
Recently, medical gerontologists have discovered another reason that fasting
heals infections. One body function that deteriorates during the aging process isthe production of growth hormone so the effects of growth hormone have beenstudied. This hormone also stimulates the body to heal wounds and burns, repairbroken bones, generally replace any tissues that have been destroyed and, growthhormone stimulates the immune response. Growth hormone also maintains muscletone and its presence generally slows the aging process.
Growth hormone might make a wonderful life-extension supplement; on it a
middle-aged person might readily maintain the muscle tone of youth while slowingaging in general. Unfortunately, growth hormone cannot at this time beinexpensively synthesized and is still far too costly to be used therapeuticallyexcept to prevent dwarfism. However, any technique that encourages a body toproduce more of this hormone would be of great interest to life extensionists.
The body only produces growth hormone at certain times and only when
certain nutrients are present in the blood. Gerontologists call these nutrients“precursors.” The precursors are two


On a personal note, to exemplify Aloe Vera's effect on chronically inflamed membranes, I
discovered to my absolute joy that after taking it daily for about two weeks, my nasal catarrh,
the legacy of smoking twenty cigarettes a day between 18-41 years of age, disappeared. This, of course, made breathing easier, my sense of taste improved and my tendency to snoring was
removed.

 Aloe Vera's anti-inflammatory effects are as follows:

a) by the inactivation of Bradykinin due to a Carboxypeptidase enzyme, capable o f
hydrolising Bradykinin and Angiotensin 1 in vitro. Bradykinin acting at the site of acute
inflammation is both a vasodilator and a potent pain producing agent. This may be the
mechanism whereby pain is decreased by Aloe Vera, although this has not been properl y
demonstrated in vivo.

b) Aloe Vera contains Salicylic acid and also anthraquinones which can be broken down to
form salicylates. Salicylates are both analgesic and anti-inflammatory, inhibiting the
production of prostaglandins. The Anti-inflammatory Effect

Inflammation is the response of tissues to injury and is designed to bring cells of the
immune system to the site of damage. It is a three stage reaction:
1) increased blood supply to the region 2) increase capillary permeability
3) emigration of cells out of the blood vessels into the tissues
This activity is mediated by various systems such as complement, clotting and growth
factors, and kinins. Also active are the mediators released by Mast cells, Basophils an
d
Platelets as well as the Eicosanoids generated by many cells at inflammatory sites, followe d
by Macrophages and Lymphocytes, wherever there is an immunological challenge.
The inflammatory process is very necessary and beneficial provided it is not too much or fo r
too long. It is counter productive when it becomes chronic, causing unpleasant symptoms
for the individual leading to excessive pain and swelling.

Delighted as I am with this result, I am aware that the problem recurs if I leave off the Aloe,
for about a week, suggesting that it only suppresses the symptoms in this case, and is not a permanent cure for the problem.

My wife has noticed that after burning her hands on the AGA oven (her hobby is cooking),
the swift application of Aloe Vera not only takes the pain away almost instantly, but with
repeated applications the wounds heal much faster and without scarring. Previous burns have left her with multiple small scars on her hands and wrists but at least now she is not adding to
them. Now you can see why it's called 'the Burn Plant'.

With experience my usage of Aloe Vera in my general medical practice has slowly increased
over the two years, especially in areas where my usual treatment has failed or not been very
successful, or where there have been side effects, or where the patient has asked for
'something natural'.
In practice the skin conditions I have found responded best are:

Acne vulgaris and rosacea
Eczema, especially (atopic) eczema in young children Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Psoriasis
Chronic urticaria
Ulcers
Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
 Wound Healing and Burns

Serious research into the wound healing qualities of Aloe Vera began in the 1930's afte r
Collins and Collins reported in a 31 year old woman, a case of severe roentgen dermatitis
with desquamation over an area 4 x 8cms of the forehead and extending above the hairline. Within 24 hours after the treatment with fresh Aloe the itching and burning had subside
d
completely. Within 5 weeks of continued treatment, there was complete regeneration o f
sensation and absence of a scar. After 3 months, there was no indication of a relapse an d
upon exposure to the sun, the forehead appeared to be pigmenting normally along with the
other exposed skin surfaces.
Other experiments followed using both human and animal models where immediate an
d
delayed histopathalogical changes of the skin in Aloe-treated and non Aloe-treated wounds
could be observed. Many experiments were performed through the 1950's and 60's which
consistently demonstrated further wound healing with greatly reduced scarring.
By the 1980's key workers like Professor John Heggars and Dr Wendel Winters in the
USA working in academic plastic surgery units were putting forward hypotheses on the
mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and antithermal burn effects.
 Their conclusions were that Aloe Vera was able to block the formation Thromboxane A2
which improved tissue survival following either burn or frostbite injury. This was brought
about by a significantly increased dermal perfusion after the burn, given that Thromboxane
A2 is a vasoconstrictor. Immunohistochemical assessment of the burnt material showe
d
markedly decreased levels of Thromboxane A2 in treated groups when compared with
untreated controls.
 Robson et al in 1982 also showed Aloe Vera's ability to inhibit prostaglandin an
d
thromboxane production. They noticed an absence of thromboxane B2 up to 72 hours post
burn and a decrease in PGF2 levels up to the same time.
An important observation that I personally made came about when I conducted a small
experiment in treating a large ulcer on the shin of an elderly lady with just topical Aloe Vera;
nothing else. This is probably just about the worst place to get an ulcer as traditionally, by
whatever method is used, they can take a very long time to heal. I was excited to find an
example that had just occurred as a result of trauma - she had knocked her leg against the sharp corner of some furniture. I saw it within a few hours of the accident happening and after
cleaning the wound, persuaded my nursing staff to apply Aloe Vera twice a day under a moist
dressing.

The speed of healing was quite remarkable with no sign of infection, which is the dreaded complication. I am pleased to say that the nurses were also impressed and would like to use it
again on some of their cases which stubbornly refuse to heal. Quite remarkably this ulcer
healed with minimal scarring, a typical feature of Aloe treatment.

If a result such as this is indeed consistent, then the Aloe Vera approach could save the
National Health Service an awful lot of money.
 Other workers also report excellent results with burns and ulcers and in the USA it is
regularly used in some major burns units.

 Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins are known to effect:

i) platelet aggregation
ii) leukocyte adherence
iii) vasoconstriction
In Japan since 1976, Professor Keisuke Fujita has been studying the Bradykininase
activity in a natural Aloe - Aloe Vera Arborescens. He concluded that the anti-
inflammatory enzyme he described was a serine carboxypeptidase which hydrolyse
d
Bradykinin and Angiotensin l, a vasopressor, in vitro.
A later paper from 1993, reinforced the view that this enzyme is one of the key factors
involved in the pharmacological effectiveness of Aloe. Aloe also contains Salicylic aci
d
which is both analgesic and anti-inflammatory due to the inhibition of prostaglandin
synthesis.
Other agents which also contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect, found by the Japanese
workers, are thought to be plant hormones, Lectin like substances such as Aloctin A foun
d
by Saito et al in 1982.

One of the most satisfying aspects of general practice is that we get to know our patients and
share with them some of the intimate and often amusing events in life. For example, I once gave an elderly gentleman some Aloe for this arthritis and asked to see him two weeks later.
When he returned he looked happy and so I suggested that the Aloe must have improved his
condition. "No," he said. "it's about the same - but I whistle when I walk now and my wife
says that I haven't done that for twenty years."
 Another chap, a retired dustman, stopped me in the street to tell me how pleased he was that
I'd given his wife some Aloe to help her asthma. "It's improved it then, has it?" I asked, to
which he replied "Yeah, her asthma is great, Doc', but so's my sex life - she can't get enough
of me!"
"I'm really pleased for you," I said, trying hard not to smile as I noticed two litres of Aloe Vera gel in his shopping basket.

Aloe Vera is extremely safe and non-toxic and I think that virtually all people who react to
Aloe Vera are probably reacting to the vehicle or additives necessary to preserve it. Of course,
someone, somewhere must be allergic to Aloe Vera but, throughout the years, it has consistently been reported as very safe. Most commonly, allergic reactions are due to such
added substances as lanolin or parabens in the creams, sandalwood or propolis itself. I have


 she considered killing immoral. And if every individual used his or
her own mind and conscience to determine a personal moral position on
killing, there would be no one to do the killing, and no one to order it
either,” she said emphatically.
“But isn’ t it unrealistic to imagine that everyone would be moral under
those conditions?” I asked.
“Morality is an individual matter, not an everyone  matter. When you
teach and practice not to kill throughout your world, you will have
individuals deciding not to kill. Only then will you have morality.
Regardless of how much rhetoric you spout to the contrary, there is no right
and wrong on your planet. Y ou only have individuals applying these labels.
It should be the role of a religious moral leader to foster nonkilling
behavior, rather than comfort those in military war zones. Y our churches
should be outraged at any violation of morality and not participate in
affronts by condemning them only with lip service.”
“Well, would you have people on Earth believe in God?”
“They are free to do so as they choose. However, I would tell them to
stop asking God to do what they have the power to do themselves.”
“Why do people here ask God to do that?” I asked.
“Because people on your planet are afraid to be God. They want someone
else to do it for them. They use prayer as a means for communicating withGod, and virtually all the prayer I’ve observed is a plea for God to make the
world into something other than what it is.”
“How?” I asked.
“Listen to your prayers. ‘Please God, make my troubles go away.’
‘Please God, help my family.’ ‘Please God, help us win this football game.’
These are the pleas of people who want God to do things for them.”
“How would you alter that prayer, Eykis?”
“I would look within myself for the strength to help me alleviate
suffering in the world. I’d ask myself to push harder, to go the extra step, to
stop whining, to accept the world as it is. If I wanted to give God the credit
for giving me free will, terrific, but I’d want to remind myself precisely
what free will entails. It has nothing to do with asking God to do something
for me,” she responded.
“So you believe that we have made God into an external concept to
which we give either credit or blame,” I summarized.
“You’ve not only made God into an external concept, you’ve turned all of
religion into precisely what you have just described. Y ou even measure how
religious your people are by such unrelated behavior as their attendance at
church, recitation of scriptures that are not understood, whether they
practice birth control, the symbols they worship, and so on. I even heard a
man explaining to his friend how happy he was that he was going to attend
mass on Saturday evening rather than Sunday morning, so that he could ‘get
it over with.’ Getting religious services over with  is not a healthy signal
when you are trying to cultivate individual integrity and morality. In fact, it
is precisely the opposite of what it was originally intended to accomplish.”
“How is it the opposite?” I asked.
“What you have done with religion on your planet is to completely turn
around what started out as an opportunity to help mankind to look inward
and by so doing develop personal standards of conduct that would make the
world a better place. Religion has become a catechism of guilt, worry, fear,
anxiety. As you know, I see this as elementary incorrect thinking. Man has
used religious af filiation to act out his own wrong, self-destructive, power -
hungry thinking, and then called the conforming behavior that follows such
dogma ‘religion.’ Y our religious colleagues have almost constantly used the
name of God for immoral ends. Y ou can’ t read a newspaper anywhere on
your planet without seeing the evidence. Y ou see wars and executions in thename of God! Y ou see murder and stealing, skyjacking and terrorism, all in
the name of God!” she exclaimed.
“But those are zealots, fanatics,” I protested. “Not all religion condones
such activity.”
“It just depends on who is doing the name calling,” she reminded me. “In
your wars you have priests, ministers, mullahs, and rabbis praying to help
you kill more of the enemy. Those on one side exhort their followers to
regard all others as immoral. I’m not talking exclusively about wars, either.
When you tell young people, ‘This is what God wants you to do,’ or ‘Y ou’ll
go to hell if you don’ t attend church,’ or ‘Please God as WE think God wants
you to please her,’ then you’re still taking away that free will. Anything
which encourages people to act in blind obedience to unquestioned
authority is an invitation to fit in and behave as they are told by God’ s self-
anointed representatives. When external behavior turns into ‘good,’ you
label it religious and applaud it, and when it leads to wars, blind obedience,
stealing, or anything else, you overlook it, call it a necessary exception, or
punish it, depending upon how conveniently it fits into your externally
imposed dogma.”
“But don’ t you think you’re being too hard on religion? Certainly you
must think it serves a purpose in our world,” I said hopefully.
“Keep in mind,” she gently reminded me, “I am only capable of relating
what is, I can’ t say what you would like me to say because it would make
you and your colleagues happier. But, of course, religion can, and in some
cases does, provide a wonderful service to humanity.”
“What do you see as the benefits of religion on Earth?”
“It provides people with an arena for self-examination. It provides
stimulation for the soul and helps people examine their life choices. It helps
them see how they can improve the quality of life on Earth. Religion can be
an avenue for human expression that encourages self-development and
appreciation for the beauty of your marvelous universe,” she said without
pausing.
“But you don’ t feel that it provides this as often as it might?” I
summarized.
“I’ve seen it only rarely. For the most part, religion has been used as a
tool for furthering man’ s selfish lust for power and control over others.
Many of the most inhumane acts ever recorded on your planet were carried
out with God or religion as the rationale,” she said.“How would you use religion, as you’ve seen it on Earth, in the most
propitious manner?” I asked, recognizing that I had already spent a great
deal of time on this one area, and I still had many more hats to try on with
Eykis before this day and her visit were complete.
“Instead of forcing people to practice religion that tells them how to
think, encourage them to think for themselves. That is the most religiously
freeing experience possible on Earth. Rather than imposing rules, laws, and
dogma on your parishioners, you should be asking them to begin taking
moral responsibility for their own lives. Instead of measuring religious
behavior in terms of external symbols, I would measure it by how well each
person is able to realize his own potential for individual morality. If this
goal was ever achieved—and where else but in religious teachings are you
better equipped to take on the task?—then all of the terrible immoral
calamities you’ve brought about on your planet, such as war, crime,
starvation, and pollution, would become obsolete.
“From what I, Eykis, can see, you have that option, unlike us on Uranus.
We have a reality system that often precludes our having individual free
will. But you, you can think as you elect to, and that is a gift each of you is
misusing. All too often, in the religious institutions you so proudly erect,
you do all you can to rid your people of their individual morality, while
proclaiming quite the opposite in your religious rhetoric,” she concluded.
“So you would move religion, in all forms, from the external to the
internal side?” I asked, wanting to be certain that I had recorded her
statement properly.
“Yes, but you needn’ t take my word for it. Look to the teachings of one
of your most famous religious leaders, who spelled it out in black and white
for you.”
“To whom do you refer?”
“When the admirers of Jesus, like most disciples today of all religions,
asked, ‘Where do we find the kingdom of heaven? How do we get there?’
he replied with one sentence that communicates all I’ve said here this
morning: ‘Don’ t look outside yourself for it, the kingdom of heaven is
within. ’ That’ s the message. It isn’ t a place you arrive at as a reward for
being just like everybody else, or doing what you’re told. It is within. That
is precisely what I meant when I said earlier that people are afraid to BE
God. God must reside within each person. People should look at their own
capacity for greatness and seek out the strength to do it themselves. BEINGGod is not disrespectful in the least. It involves putting total responsibility
for morality on your own shoulders, and using the free will that is your
birthright on Earth. I am sad to say that I’ve seen very little evidence on
Earth that anyone even remotely connected to any religion understands the
simple little secret of the universe that Jesus unveiled two thousand years


ed as a specific type of adsorption which
is stronger than the electrostatic attraction of
countcrions. In this way a "slipping potential
plane" will be created of an outwardly de
creasing number of electronegative ions. The
potential gradient of the slipping phne con·
stitutes the zeta potential.
ftrm layer due to their thermal energy. This outer part
of the electric double layer is partly mixed with coun
terions, which increase outwardly in concentration un
til a zero potential region is reached where positive and
negative ions appear in balance with each other. The
counterions are, of course, also under the influence of
thermal motion. The potential difference between the
f~rm layers and the zero region constitutes the zeta
potential of Freundlich (7). The enormous importance
of this potential in biology and particularly for the
stability of colloids has been stressed particularly by
Riddick (25).
The interactions are, however, even more complex
than as thus far presented. Consider the following
example: A silver plate is placed in a I.0 M AgN03
solution. Ag• will be attracted to the silver plate,
which wiU become positively charged. NO} wiU pro
duce a negatively charged layer in the solution outside
rhe po~ir ive layer. One may therefore anticipate that
some specific adsorption or attraction forces exist between
Ag and Ag•, stronger than the electrostatic forces --
Ata•O Layer
Attached
10 Partttlt
(Stern Y,yt-r)
btcnl of (ltdnc
----~--- -POitfthll Surroundtnf
tnt Particlt
1----l~ --Plant ot Shur
-~PY-...,- --4--·-Bulk or SoMion
O.rfun laytr ---+"
ofCounttrions ~
I nctnlral•on
Pot~hvt Ions
oncentral•on
of Hetaflve Ions
between Ag~ and NO). In general, related or identi
cal kinds of matter show some kind of preference for
themselves. Thus iron "likes" iron, carbon carbon,
etc. Another example of preferentia l anract.ion is the
tendency of attraction between cations and water mole
cules, while anions do not present such tendencies. It
is very likely that such preferences play a role in the
formation of electrolytic double layers.
Fig. X: 8 iUustrates bow a colloid particle is built up
around an electronegative nucleus. The nucleus at
tracts positive counterions from the surrounding medi·
um to the extent that the particle's negative charge
becomes neutralized. The concentration forces of the
Stern layer then compete with the solution pressure
and with the electrostatic attraction forces of the sur
rounding electronegative ions. The result is an out
wardly decreasing concentration of positive and an
inwardly increasing concentration of negative ions.
These forces create the potential gradient outside the
Stern layer which represents rht zera pottniial.
The spatial distribution of these interphase phenom-
Molecular and electrostatic forces 103 ena is only a few A, but nevertheless of considerable
importance in the physiologic behaviour of cells and
membranes.
Consider the present study of transformations of
tissue around a centrally necrotizing tumour. The via
ble periphery constitutes a "tumour barrier", which is
a special case of semipermeable "membrane". It is
anticipated that its i.ntetceUu lar spaces function as a
sieve for large macromolec ules, cells, cellular frag
ments, etc. Such "corpuscular" elements, carrying
fiXed surplus charges, are available in the surroundi ng
tissues. Factors important to developing transmem
branous :potential gradients in the cell should therefore
also be important for transbarrier potential differences
of a necrotizing tumour. Structural changes such as
"A" and "B" zones, radiating structures, narrowing
and displacement of vessels, arches and arcades are
radiographically seen in vivo around lesions in an ap
pearance, strikingly similar to what has been shown
experimentally in vitro in this chapter. This remark
able similarity, however, can not be explained only as
an effect of molecular forces. Adsorption to interposi
tioned matrices of a biologic tissue will, of course,
interfere with concentration forces of movable parti
cles. We may therefore postulate that other forces also
are involved in these structural developments. A su
perimposed electric field is the only known force
which can produce long distance structural effects
through an existing tissue matrix. This possibility,
however, requires the development of elecrm pclama
tion of tis-sue within a closed electric circuit. From in vitro
studies we are now ready to turn to experiments in
vivo.
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 associates  and  mankind.  No
one can  requalify  Our  Love  humanly.  Then  Our  Divine
Love  pouring  forth,  will  do Its Perfect  Work  which  you
wish  for each  one.  This  is how  you are the director  of all you 340 THE  "I AM99  DISCOURSES
call forth;  and  it will  produce  exact  results!  If you  do not
understand  your  power  of qualification  to do things  con-
structively,  the  energy  will  act otherwise!  What  may  be
the result ?
You are in a position,  understanding  This  Law  now,  to
know  what  to do and  how  to do it. With  your  determined
application,  exact  results  will  be produced,  as exact  as math-
ematics.  The  Messengers  have  proved  this  so conclusively
to the world.  There  is not one  constructive  desire  in your
feeling  world,  which  cannot  be supplied  or granted;  if you
will do these  few  simple  things.
Think  of it, the desires  of twenty  years  of these  Mes-
sengers  have  been  fulfilled!  Because  they  have  served  man-
kind  so earnestly,  so willingly,  so obediently;  they  have
opened  the Door-way  to the Instantaneous  Answer  to their
Calls.  Beloved  Ones,  do not accept  any  longer  there  is a per-
son, place  or condition  which  can  confront  you,  limit  you;
or deprive  you  of a single  thing.  Such  opposition  cannot
exist  if you  do not accept  it in your  feeling  world.
Now  train  yourselves,  because  you  cannot  move  in the
physical  world  today,  without  looking  upon  these  things  to
some  extent.  For  instance,  you  see an accident—so-called,
and you  immediately  feel  tension  and  distress,  if you  don't
know  This  Law!  If you  do know  This  Law,  when  you  see
an accident  occur,  instead  of being  disturbed,  you  call  to
your  Presence  with  a great  calm  sincerity,  to render  Its
Service  to bless  all there.  Then,  your  Presence  projects  a
Mighty  Light  Ray  into  that  condition;  and  will  bring  Per-DISCOURSE  XXII  341
fection  out of it, which  you  could  not even  imagine.  This
is how  It acts.
Now  remember,  the old concept  has  taught  the people
that they  receive  premonitions;  they  receive  promptings  of
this, that  or the other  thing,  which  is going  to occur.  My
dear  people,  please  understand  and  see these  promptings
were  given  to prevent  the thing  occurring,  instead  of accept-
ing it to act in your  world.  This  is where  mankind  has made
such  great  mistakes!  Constantly  thru  their  feeling,  Individ-
uals have  been  receiving  promptings;  but  they  do not un-
derstand  them  or know  how  to interpret  them.  Then,  they
say: "I am due  for an accident;  I am due  for a loss."  They
accept  it and  of course  it will  take  place.  Instead  of saying,
when  they  receive  a prompting:  "Thank  you!  That  will  not
take place  in my world."  Then  it would  never  take  place;  it
could  not.  Unless  people  refuse  acceptance  to such  things
and apply  This  Law,  they  are constantly  allowing  limiting
things  to have  greater  power  over  themselves.
The Messengers  today,  at the slightest  intimation  of the
thing  say:  "You  have  no power!  Get  OUT"!  and  it gets
out! You  may  do the same  thing,  if you  will;  but the mo-
ment  you  begin  to accept  a thing  in your  feeling,  you  are
giving  it power  to act there  to disturb,  limit  or distress  you.
It is not necessary,  Dear  Ones.
Be alert,  be determined  and  the first  thing  that  confronts
you, which  would  have  heretofore  frightened  you  say:  "Oh
no, you  frightened  me once;  but  you  will  never  frighten
me again,  for you  have  no power"!  If you  would  do that 342 THE  "I AM99  DISCOURSES
you would  see such  a thing  shrivel  up and  your  courage
rise. You  would  know  definitely,  it had  no power  to
frighten,  limit,  disturb  or deprive  you  in any  way.
When  these  two  Messengers  became  aware  of this,  what
joy filled  their  Beings.  At the least  intimation  today,  of such
suggestions  about  the nation  or Individuals,  they  stand  and
say to each  appearance:  "You  have  no power.  Be thou  dis-
solved  by the Power  of the Mighty  Light  Rays"!  Therefore
a Service  is rendered,  which  you  could  not  imagine.  If I
were  to tell you  the Actual  Truth  of the Service,  they  have
rendered  the  Nation,  by their  Individual  Decrees  in this
manner,  you  would  be the most  astounded  people.  It is
being  done  constantly.
Therefore,  Beloved  Ones,  you  can do the same  thing.  The
Messengers  still  have  physical  bodies  like  yours—perhaps
the vibratory  action  is a little  more  rapid;  but they  are still
physical  bodies.  In their  great  loving,  willing  obedience,
they  have  been  cleansed  and  purified,  until  the  Power
called  forth  from  the Presence  finds  no obstruction;  and  It
rushes  forward  like  a Mighty  Avalanche  to answer  their
Calls.
So let it do for you  the same  thing.  You  must  be as firm
and determined  as they  have  been,  and  you  will  have
exactly  the same  results;  because  Life  makes  no mistakes!
Mankind  does,  but Life  never!  Therefore,  as you give  obedi-
ence  to Life,  then  Life  will  serve  you  in the Fulness  of Its
Great  Power.
Just for a few  moments,  will  you  still  yourselves ? Don't DISCOURSE  XXII  343
cross  your  feet  or hands.  Just  make  yourselves  willingly
obedient  and  open  to these  Great  Currents  of Energy,  as I
call them  forth;  to pour  thru  your  bodies,  your  feeling
world,  so This  Service  may  be rendered  completely  for you
tonight.
I speak  directly  to the "Mighty  I AM  Presence,"  of each
one.  I command  the Higher  Mental  Body  of each  one,  to
release  and  pour  forth  the  Mighty  Current  of the Unfed
Flame  thru  and  under  the feet  of each  one.  Hold  in Its
Mighty  Action,  the  Violet  Consuming  Flame  so all im-
purity  may  be washed  out of the human  body;  out of the
feeling  world  and  into  the  Mighty  Violet  Consuming
Flame,  to free  these  Beloved  Ones  tonight!  Render  This
Service  so powerfully,  Higher  Mental  Body  of each  one,
that they  may  feel  It now;  and  awaken  in the morning,
glorified  by the  Power  of the  Light  which  beats  their
Hearts.  With  Its Mighty  Courage,  Strength  and  Power
flowing  thru,  may  each  be a world  of such  Happiness,  Cour-
age, Strength,  the Full


3. Hypoxia increases insulin sensitivity.47Important:  It is never advisable to practice breath holds while in the
water. If you take part in any water sports, you should only practice these
breathing exerci ses on dry land so you can enjoy the benefits when in the
water.
Of the three techniques, slow breathing, taping, and breathholdin g, Nick
found that taping  at night had the greatest impact. He wakes every morning
energized, with good blood sugars, ready for a great day. Since beginning
with a breathing  practice, he has seen a marked improvement in his quality
of life and in his diabetes. His average blood sugar measurements are the
best they have ever been.
DIABETES CONTROL AND THE BREA TH
Functional breathing is a keystone habit that forms the foundat ion of good
health,48 and diabetes is no exception. Studies have explored the potential
of deep breathing and controll ed intermittent hypoxia (IH) as a holistic
intervention to relieve symptoms associated with both type 149,50 and type 2
diabetes.47,51,52 Trials have focused on the possible applications for
improving blood sugar, biological functioning, energy, stress, and well-
being. Controlled IH is a period ic dropping of blood oxygen saturation with
adequate recove ry between sets. Because it is controlled, it differs from the
unhealthy oxyge n decrease seen in sleep apnea. IH can be achieved with
breath holds or by using breathing equipment and altitude tents.
Research into breathing techniques would be immensely valuable for
medics, certified breathing instructors, and other holistic practitioners who
are interested in using the princ iples of IH breath training to improve the
health of their diabetic patients. Studies indicate that integrating periodic
breath holds (IH breathing training) into diabetic care plans is an excellent
step toward improving quality of life.
Important: If you have diabe tes, it is vital that you monitor your
blood sugar levels regularly during practice of any kind of breathing
exercises. Breath holding can cause blood sugar levels to drop too
quickly.
To monitor blood sugar level s, consider investing in a continuous
glucose monitoring (CGM) device—a readily available gadget that allowsyou to check your blood sugar levels in a noninvasive way. They are not
cheap, but, as the range of products on the market expands, they are
becoming more  accessible. If you have type 1 diabetes, it’s likely you
already own a CGM, but they are equally valuable for any type 2 diabetic
interested in making lifestyle choices that will improve their condition.
As Nick also discovered, good quality sleep is an essential part of
diabetes management. Many aspects of sleep-disordered breathing can be
addressed simply by making the switch to nasal breathing during sleep.
Healthy breathing while asleep  has many positive effects on the body’ s
systems that are beneficial for many conditions, including diabetes. This is
worth paying attention to since sleep deprivation is associated with insulin
resistance, and poor sleep qualit y, sleep apnea, and insomnia have all been
shown to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.53
DIABETES AND RESPIRA TORY DISEASE
Type 1 and type 2 diabetics have a higher risk for four major respiratory
diseases.54,55 A resea rch pape r published in Diabetes Resear ch and Clinical
Practice  analyze d the link between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and four
common respir atory diseases:  chronic obstructive pulmona ry disease
(COPD), chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma.54,55 The study looked
at data from 53,146 adults, all aged 20 years or more. Of the participants,
781 had type 1 diabetes, 4,277 had type 2 diabetes and 48,088 were
nondiabetic. Respiratory diseases were present in 26% of type 1 diabetics,
21% of type 2 diabetics, and 13% of nondiabetics. A number of different
examinations also showed that type 1 diabetics were 62% more likely to
suffer a respiratory disorder than nondiabetics, while type 2 diabetics were
26% more vulnerable. The most common disease was asthma, and type 1
diabetics were found to be 51% more at risk of asthma than nond iabetics. In
type 2 diabetes, the increased likelihood of asthma was 38%.54,55
Impaired immun e function is a common feature of diabetes. In type 2
diabetes, researchers have identified oxidative stress as one possible
pathway by which innate immunity is disrupted.56 In type 1 diabetes, the
immune response is, by nature of the condition, dysregulated. One theory
points to systemic inflammation as a link between diabetes and lungdysfunction.12 Exaggerated inflammatory responses in the lung may be the
result of an impaired ability to regulate inflammatory mechanisms.12 (The
connection between inflammatory responses and breathing was explored in
depth in the chapter on the vegas nerve, Chapter Four.)
Equally, even before type 2 diabetes is diagnosed, the lung may be the
primary location  for the activat ion of inflammatory processes.  This might
explain why lung function is already worse before the onset of diabetes. A
2012 study describes lower lung volumes in type 2 diabetics with
inadequate glycemic control than in those whose blood sugars were well-
regulated. Patients with poor blood glucose control also had much higher
blood levels of inflammatory markers, indicating that inflammation is
involved in the decrease in lung function and fibrosis in type 2 diabetics.12
The paper suggests that both systemic inflammation, which involves
chronic activatio n of the immune system57, and inflammation in the lungs58
may contribute to the “complex interplay between respiratory and metabolic
dysfunction.”12
In type 1 diabetics, abnormal growth during childhood (stunting)59 may
affect the proper growth and development of organs including the lungs.
While the duration of diabete s has an inverse relationship with lung
function in type 2 diabetics, there isn’t strong evidence to support the same
connection in type 1 diabetes.60 Howev er, a 2011 study did find a
significant difference in the incidence of restrictive breathing disturbances
depending on whether or not “extreme stunting” was present.
Another study states that children with type 1 diabetes have increased
airway resistanc e and that they are more likely to have abnormal lung
function later in life, with long-term problems, including decreased lung
volume, less ability to diffuse CO2, and poor diabe tes control. Researchers
concluded that progressive abnormalities in lung function might adversely
interfere with the ef fectiveness of intrabronchial insulin treatment.61
In a 2020 Swedish cohort study of more than one and a quarter million
children, of whom 9.5% had asthma and 0.3% had type 1 diabetes,
scientists found that children with asthma were more likely to develop type
1 diabetes, but the reverse was not the case. Asthma was assoc iated with a
small but significant increased risk of being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
compared with non-asthmatic children.62 In an article for MedPage Today,physician Michael Yafi suggested that, “It may seem plausible that some
factors, like early exposure to viruses, would play a role in the development
of these two diseases.”63
Yet another paper looked at changes in the thickness of the lung cell
basement membrane in patients with pulmonary diseases. The study
examined participants with diabetes, asthma, bacterial pneumonia,
pulmonary tuberculosis, idiopa thic pulmonary fibrosis, sarco idosis, and
even lung cance r and found that the basement membrane of cells was only
thicker in diabetes and asthma. What this means is that diabetes and asthma
have physiological similarities,64 and that explains why the Oxygen
Advantage breathing techniques used successfully for asthma may also be
effective for diabetics. With this understanding and given that respiratory
illnesses are so prevalent in people with diabetes, it seems essential to
include breathing exercises into diabetes treatment along with other forms
of wellness maintenance such as nutrition and exercise.
THE IMPORT ANCE OF EXERCISE
It’s no secret that people who are physically active are healthi er. Exercise
boosts the immune system, supports cardiovascular health, and is important
for weig ht control and self-esteem. Exercising your muscles more often and
pushing them to work harder improves their ability to use insulin and
absorb glucose.65 When the musc les are better able to metabolize glucose,
the insul in-producing cells don’t have to work so hard. However, exercising
with diabetes can be challenging, and it is important to consult with your
healthcare professional to receive appropriate guidance on diet and
medication before changing your exercise regime.
You may find that you get more out of your exercise time and enjoy it
more if you incorporate a mixture of resistance training and a variety of
aerobic exercise s such as cycling, swimming, and jogging. You will also
notice gradual improvements in your health if you simply reduc e periods of
inactivity throughout the day and evening.4
When it comes to sedentary lifestyle choices, too much time spent
watching TV can be particularl y damaging. Research indicate s that every
two hours spent watching TV instead of doing something more activeincreases


This disease was called "horse grease" by some people but was considered, by some
veterinarians, to be a form of syphilis of the horse. Others said it was a type
of consumption or wasting disease. For some unaccountable reason, Jenner thought this
pus would be a good addition to his discredited vaccines so he injected it into a cow and
produced a disease in the cow. With the concoction of pus from the diseased horse and
cow he made a serum. When the people learned what he had done they protested so
violently that Dr. Pearson wrote to Jenner immediately and said, "For God’s sake  take
the horse out, or you will damn the whole business."
Following that incident Jenner wrote to a friend and said, "I am on the look-out to be
able to make a fortune; and to appease the public." Then, as Dr. Hadwin related in his
famous lecture, "Jenner decided to  take the horse out. But he was still faced with the
problem of finding  genuine cowpox. This he was never able to do.. …In sheer
desperation, he fell back upon  spontaneous cowpox although he had declared previously,
it was absolutely useless in preventing smallpox. And it is this spontaneous cowpox
vaccine, this which was denounced by Edward Jenner, this which was scouted by the so-
called inventor himself as absolutely useless in protecting against smallpox; this is the
stuff that is being used today under the name of ‘pure calf lymph smallpox vaccine’  and
before which the medical profession is bowing, while professing to follow in the
footsteps of Jenner.
"There is not one medical man in 10,000 who has ever seen cowpox in a cow.. - and
very few who have seen a case of smallpox so they really know very little about it.
There are two things the medical profession should learn: The first is to know smallpox
when they see it; and the next Is, to know how to treat it when they do see it." ( The
Vaccination Delusion, by W. R. Hadwin, M.D.)
RE-V ACCINATION DESTROYS PROMISED IMMUNITY
"We will suppose" said Dr. Hadwin, "for the sake of argument, that cowpox is smallpox
(as some doctors still claim) and that when you give a person cowpox -----that is when
you vaccinate him — you give him a mild (or severe) sort of smallpox. Jenner himself,
said, ‘Cowpox does not prevent smallpox; it is smallpox.’ So that, according to that
theory, you are literally "smallpoxing" a person when you vaccinate him... Jenner said,
‘A person once vaccinated is forever after secure from smallpox’ and that, ‘ re-
vaccination would rob his discovery of half its virtues.’ But what is the medical
propaganda telling you? The doctors know that vaccination will not protect you against
another vaccination. If one cowpox inoculation will not protect you from being cow-poxed again, how on earth is it going to protect you from being smallpoxed? Why, the
very theory of re-vaccination is condemnatory of the whole creed. If it cannot protect
against a mild form in vaccination how can it protect one from a serious form of
smallpox? The most amazing thing on earth is the fact that the medical men cannot see
this." (The Vaccination Delusion — Dr. Hadwin)
JENNER FANS RESENT THE TRUTH
The Editor of "TRUTH" (London) answers a complaint in an editorial of his publication
as follows:
"In his article, ‘The Fraud of Vaccination,’ published last week in "TRUTH,
Dr. Hadwin made some remarks not altogether complimentary to Jenner, the (self
proclaimed) discoverer of vaccination. These remarks led one reader to denounce both
Dr. Hadwin and myself — Dr. Hadwin for libeling one of the greatest benefactors of
humanity (she thinks) and myself for propagating the libel. Dr. Hadwin is well able to
take care of himself. For my own part, not wishing to do any injustice to the name and
fame of the late Dr. Jenner, I asked Dr. Hadwin what he had against him and he replied
by sending me a pamphlet he had written on the subject. This I have compared with the
account of Jenner’s life given in the " Dictionary of National Biography," and the result
is so illuminating that I will now give the salient facts as briefly as possible.
"To begin with, it is clear that Jenner never possessed anything that would be recognized
today as a medical qualification. At the age of 16 he was apprenticed to a country doctor
and apothecary and at 21 he was sent for two years as a pupil to Dr. John Hunter of
London. At 23 Jenner returned to his native village and started to practice as a surgeon
and apothecary. He continued for several years as just a plain, unqualified country
doctor. At the end of this time be made his first bid for fame. In l787 he sent a paper on
"The Natural History of the Cuckoo " to the Royal Society, and as a result, with Hunter’s
influence he was elected F.R.C. Three years later he applied to St. Andrew’s University
for an M.D. degree, and as St. Andrew’s, in those days, was not squeamish about
degrees so long as the fees were forthcoming, Jenner became Doctor Jenner for the
modest sum of 15 pounds. (about $75.00 in those days)
"As for the vaccination discovery it appears to have been founded upon what Dr.
Hadwin calls a superstition among the dairymaids" (The editorial continues with the
history of vaccination as already covered in this chapter so I do not think it is necessary
to repeat it He concludes his article with this paragraph:)
‘What strikes me as remarkable about the whole affair is the ease with which Jenner got
his theory accepted... It is true that medical research in the 19th century was not what
it is today, but even then the picture of the whole of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons swallowing the theory of an unqualified country apothecary, based on one
totally unreliable experiment, seems scarcely credible…..I should imagine that he was one of those unscientific researchers who are always on the lookout for facts to fit their
theories, instead of first making of their facts"
Dr. J. W. Hodge, of New York, had extensive experience with smallpox epidemics and
vaccination epidemics also. Out of his wealth of knowledge on this subject he wrote on
all its phases. In a published article dealing with  "Some of the False Claims, Erroneous
Deductions and Self Contradictions of the of the Vaccination Dogma " he stated:
"At first it was confidently asserted that vaccination would exterminate small-pox. That
claim has been abandoned by Jenner’s most  enthusiastic followers and the claim that re-
vaccination will exterminate smallpox, was set up in its stead. The proof that the theory
and the practice espoused by Jenner have been everywhere abandoned is found in the
fact that all vaccinists now admit the necessity of re-vaccination, but do not agree on the
period that may be allowed between successive repetitions of the ‘protective’ (?) rite.
"If you ask how often it must be repeated, you will be confronted with a babel of
discordant replies You can choose any answer you please from ‘once only’ of the
original Jenner up to an indefinite repetition, ‘ until it no longer takes ’, as now prescribed
by the Chicago ‘ Vaccination Creed ’"
This "Vaccination Creed" formulated by the Chicago Health Department in 1902 stated
"True vaccination repeated until it no longer "takes" always prevents smallpox. Nothing
else does."
Regarding this fantastic assertion, Dr. Hodge has this to say:
"The above dogmatic deliverance aptly illustrates the recklessness of the disciples of
Jenner in making bold asseverations in favor of vaccination which scorn the slightest
attempt at verification."
The frequent and variegated vaccinations given to our service men give us a full-scale
picture of what " repeated vaccination until it no longer takes " will do to the body and
brain. Thousands of our healthiest men at the prime of life were rendered insane and
millions of others were infected with disease of every description including the very
ones they were "protected" against. A typical example is that of our Philippine soldiers.
According to our military records: "Every enlisting soldier is subjected to vaccination at
the time of being recruited, and revaccinated, not only on entering the U S Army, but
also as often after that as seems advisable by the Army medical authorities " Chief
Surgeon of the U. S. Philippine Army, said in his report, regarding the high incidence of
smallpox among his vaccinated men "I can say that no Army was ever more  thoroughly
looked after in the matter of vaccination than ours. AND RE-V ACCINATION MANY
TIMES REPEATED WENT AS REGULARLY AS THE DRILLS AT A REGULAR
POST." (emphasis supplied)
Yet, the records show a steady increase of smallpox among these men:In 1888 — there were 76 cases of smallpox and


iva-
tion, itbehooves humans tostay with thedietthatdeveloped them intothemagnificent
creatures thatthey were, thatsome areandallcanbe.Byconsuming fruits we’ll thrive
and, atthesame time, place ademand onthemarketplace thatwillspur thedevelopment
of orchards and even more fruit!
5.7. Negative Nutrition: Harmful Foods And Practices
5.7.1 Condiments Are Drugs
5.7.2 Cooking Is Pathogenic
5.7.3 Processed, Refined and Preserved Foods
5.7.4 Foods Not Suited to the Human Dietary
5.7.5 Dietary Follies of Health Seekers
5.7.6 Drinking Habits Are Damaging to Health
Foods have varying degrees ofbeneficence inthehuman diet. They also have vary-
ingdegrees ofpathogenicity inthediet. Our finest foods aretherawmaterials ofour
nutritive processes. Ourworst foods arevitality-sapping junk thebody must struggle to
contend with.
5.7.1 Condiments Are Drugs
Condiments aresubstances used toenhance ormodify flavors andtastes. That could
include sugar,lemon juice, salt, pepper,vinegar,onions oranything elseadded toadish
toalter itsflavor.Inusing theterm today,wemean specifically pungent substances that
are excitants, not whole foods that we’d eat liberally of for their own sake.
Ifwecutupbananas andthen mixinsome diced mango, theflavor enhancement is
really stunning. Yetwewould, notrefer tothemango asacondiment. Itisafood thatwecould make ameal offoritsown sake. Likewise, tomatoes andnuts oravocado added to
avegetable salad really give thesalad zest. Yetwedonotusually calltomatoes, nuts or
avocados condiments, forthey arewhole foods, anyofwhich wecaneasily eatalone as
a meal.
Thus condiments narrow down tothose substances thatareused exclusively andonly
tomodify flavors. Vinegar,salt, pepper,basil, MSG, mint, sage, garlic andhundreds of
other herbs and substances are used only as excitants to the taste buds.
There isonequality about allcondiments thatmake them unfit forthehuman diet:
they areallpathogenic. Asexcitants orstimulants they areinherently poisonous. The
body hasthousands ofguardian angels. Thefactthattaste buds andother cells andsens-
esofthemouth, esophagus andstomach areputintoafrenzy bycertain substances isa
warning. Accelerated functions andsenses make usmore aware offlavors inthefoods
condiments arecombined with, buttheexcitation isaguardian faculty broadcasting an
alarm. Ifyouwere trying toeatsalt, pepper orvinegar inandofitself, youwouldn’ tget
very far.They have nofood value atalland, infact, areindigestible! And that’sthekey
tothebody’ sobjection tothem. Body senses candetect thedifference between foods and
nonfoods. Foods arewelcome andthose items which thebody cannot utilize forlack of
enzymes todigest them orbecause ofanoutright anti-vital character,thebody becomes
excited orstimulated asaresponse. Unfortunately,humans have become soperverted as
to seek this excitement as an end in itself. Many, if not most, people are seeking kicks.
Anything which thebody treats asananti-vital substance; anything which itcannot
digest anduseeasily andefficiently; anything thatpresents problems bymaking chemi-
calunions with body fluids andcells thatexcite andstimulate, aretobeshunned. They
allfulfill thedefinition ofdrugs which isanother name ofpoisons. Discontinuance of
them byhabitues begets “withdrawal” symptoms justasoccurs indeprived drug addicts.
Nature seasons foods natural toourpalates with allthetaste-satisfying nutrients we
require. Flavors galore abound inthem. Artificial seasonings donotreally enhance their
taste. Only aperverted palate seeks thekicks and“thrills” thatareunnatural toourdi-
etary.
5.7.2 Cooking Is Pathogenic
Cooking creates diseases on several counts. The most salient are as follows:
1.Cooking deranges anddestroys nutrients. Totheextent thatthisoccurs, wearedenied
needed vitamins, minerals, proteins, essential fatty acids and other nutrient factors.
2.The deranged nutrients become, viacooking, unusable substances thataretoxic inthe
system. This isreadily evidenced bythedoubling andtripling oftheleukocyte count in
theblood inhalfanhour toanhour after eating ameal ofcooked foods. Any poison or
drug taken into the body occasions the same body response.
3.Thebody must expend tremendously ofitsnerve andother energiestoexpel theoffend-
ingsubstances ofcooked foods andtoclear itself oftheir contamination. Cooked food
eaters have “hangovers” and“withdrawal” symptoms justasdodrinkers ofcoffee,to-
bacco smokers or other drug addicts who forego their regular round of stimulation.
The body cannot build really healthy cells andtissues with poor quality materials.
That which must becooked tobepalatable isnotworthy ofthehuman diet. Cooking
makes itlessso!Shun cooked foods andguide your clients torawfoods. Living foods of
ouradaptation aretheroad tomagnificent health, andanything lessthan theideal results
in development, growth and functions that are less than ideal.
Thus cooked foods asarticles ofdietarepathogenic inthatthey poison usonone
count and result in deficiencies on yet another count.5.7.3 Processed, Refined and Preserved Foods
Anything used asfood thatisnotinitsoriginal natural state hasbeen tampered with.
Processing is altering or preparing foods or both.
Refining means “making finer” orreduction toapurer state. Thus white flour isre-
fined wheat. Though some chemical processes areused inmaking itwhite, essentially
theprocess ofrefining ofwheat flour ismechanically accomplished bymilling. Refin-
ingsugar istheextraction ofsugar from sugar cane orbeets and, through cooking and
chemical processes, obtaining sucrose.
Preserving involves treating foods sothey willbeusable foramuch greater length
of time than is normal in nature.
Theprocessing offoods involves anything thatalters foods (including steps thatdo
notalter them significantly ornutritionally). While theshelling andvacuum packing of
nuts isprocessing, these processes donotdetract from thevalue ofthenuts. Ontheoth-
erhand, cooking fruits andadding sugar,preservative chemicals such assalt, etc., and
then sealing them incans andjarsarevery destructive processes. Drying thesame fruits
alters thefruits sothatthey canbepreserved butdoes notalter them sosignificantly that
they’re, aliability inthehuman diet. Most processed foods inthemarketplace areun-
suitable inthehuman dietinthefirst place before anyalteration, refining orpreserving
occurs. Examples ofthisareprocessed meats, refined cereals, pasteurized andhomoge-
nized milk, etc.
Canned foods have ashelf lifeofyears andyears. Butthey arenotacceptable inthe
human dieteven ifthey were good foods prior tocanning. They might beacceptable on-
lyagainst thereality ofeating them orstarving todeath. Ifcanned foods only areeaten,
death israther quick andcertain. That happened tomany who were involved inthegreat
Alaska gold rush, tothose who were involved inthedigging ofthePanama Canal andto
others insimilar projects. This contrasts with excellent health thatresults from adietof
proper foods eaten in the raw state.
Freezing isamethod ofpreserving foods. Frozen foods arenotaswholesome as
fresh foods. Their primary drawback isthatthefreezing bursts many cells andoccasions
degeneration duetooxidation. Freezing does notaffectsome foods atall,notably foods
with lowwater content orvery oily intexture. Dates, dried fruits, nuts andseeds may
befrozen andkept fresher.Dried fruits, though notaswholesome astheir fresh coun-
terparts, arewholesome. Nuts andseeds arewell-preserved bylack ofmoisture andair
intheir own shells. Vacuum packing andanitrogen media donotharm many foods and
preserve them with food values intact.
Some foods arecoated with paraf fin,oils, waxes andother preservatives. Ifthese
substances have notpenetrated theprotective skin orcovering andcanbereadily re-
moved, they aresuitable forfood ifthey meet other dietary criteria. Removal may be
accomplished byabath inamild solution ofhydrochloric acid, vinegar,chlorox oreven
very warm water insome cases. Ifthesolution iswarm itwillbechemically more active
andmore readily unite with theoils, waxes orparaf fins. Moreover,thewarmer thesolu-
tion the more likely waxes and paraf fins are to liquify.
Processing, refining andpreserving aredone commercially togive


elength
ofthework outmust begradually worked into andthus will vary with theindividual.
The advantages of integrating a running program to your life are rich and many.
Arunning program isasimple, effective way tostimulate thecirculation andexer-
cisetheheart. Itprovides agentle, steady andprolonged demand ontheheart, more so
than does aseries ofshort, choppy,ballistic exercises. Running exercises many parts of
thebody simultaneously.Itcanbeadapted totheageandphysical fitness oftheindivid-
ualandcanbeperformed atnearly anytime orplace. Another advantage ofrunning isthatitrequires nospecial facility orequipment, therefore thecosts areminimal. Running
is a good therapy to reduce anxiety and depression.
Arunner ’sfeethittheground 1600 to1700 times during each mile. This canbe
rough treatment ifdone improperly.There aremany criticisms ofrunning asanexercise
duetothehigh rateofinjury.Arecent Runner ’sWorld poll reveals that22% ofrun-
ners suffer from knee injuries, 20% from achilles tendon injuries, 10% from shin splints
and9%from forefoot strain andfracture. Itisacurrent consensus among experts who
practice sports medicine andrunorjogthemselves thatmost oftheinjuries aredueto
overwork, faulty shoes, weakness, lack offlexibility andimproper running techniques.
According toDr.Geor geASheehan, M.D., running causes aloss offlexibility inthe
back ofthelegs. Because ofthislack offlexibility,exercises thatstretch themuscles in
theentire legs andback areanecessary component intheexercise program. Itispossi-
bletoincrease your chances ofavoiding injury bynotrunning onahard cement surface,
selecting high-quality running shoes, performing stretching exercises tocounteract the
lack offlexibility caused bythecontractile reactions ofrunning andbyimproving the
overall muscle strength of the major muscle groups involved.
Regardless ofwhat form ofaerobic exercise thatyouchose toadhere to,take the
necessary cautions toprevent injury,bepersistent with it,andthebenefits ofaerobic fit-
ness will enhance your total well-being.
Aerobics isnotatotal physical fitness program. Itmust beintegrated intoaconsis-
tentexercise program which also includes stretching andcontractile, strength building
exercise. Though these three categories ofexercise often overlap, allthree (aerobics,
stretching, contractions) are necessary for maximum health and joyful living.
17.4. Exercise And Nutrition
Some ofthefirstaccounts ofathletics andnutrition goback totheearly Olympic Games
inGreece. Itwasindicated (Harris, H.S., 1966) thatthere wasaconsiderable insistence
byGreek doctors ontheimportance ofthedietthatledtoakeen interest inthediet
oftheir athletes. Verylittle meat wasoriginally consumed inGreece. Thedietconsist-
edofwhole grains such asbarley orwheat, eaten incereal orbread form, andavari-
etyofvegetables, such asonions, carrots, cucumbers, marrows, beans andvarious green
leafy vegetables. Fruit wasabundant, especially grapes andfigs, apples, pears andnuts.
Thepomegranate wasaprize. Although theGreeks didconsume largeamounts ofgoat
milk products, adequate nutritional requirements were contained within theformer food
groups.
During the1900’ sthere developed thepopular belief thatanyform ofsustained mus-
cular exercise required anabundance ofmeat foods. Itwaspostulated thatduring exer-
cisethesubstance ofthemuscle wasconsumed, andtherefore hard work would remove a
considerable portion ofthemuscle material thatcould only bereplaced byeating animal
protein. However,astudy wasdone inZurich (Eggleton, 1948). Twoscientists climbed
oneoftheBernese Oberland peaks, oneliving onanitrogenous-free diet(free ofmeats),
while theother ateadietcontaining nitrogenous foods. They found thatwhen they were
resting quietly,theamount ofnitrogen excreted wasnotincreased bytheir physical ef-
fort, either during orfollowing theclimb. This served asthebasis forthemodern out-
look ontherelationship ofmuscular performance tonutrients, which isthatthemuscle
oxidizes thesugar andfatfortheproduction ofitsenergy,anddoes notuseupitsown
substance. Thus, itisonly when themuscles arechronically inactivated orduring star-
vation that the muscle tissue is actually used up.
Energyrequirements areobviously dependent upon theamount andquality ofthe
expended energyduring various tasks. This isalso modified byother factors. Forin-
stance, energy requirements vary widely with age. Anewborn baby requires lesstotal
energy than either a full-grown man or woman.Individuals vary toacertain extent intheir caloric requirement, andincertain dis-
eased states thisvariance iseven greater.Incolder climates, there isagreater lossofheat
tothesurrounding air,andthus more caloric intake isrequired tobalance thisoffset. Ina
warmer climate, less heat is radiated by the body and therefore less calories are needed.
Aspreviously stated, there isadifference between thecaloric requirements forcarry-
ingoutvarious types ofphysical exertion. Some items ofinterest from theoriginal data
published byMary Schwartz Rose intheUnited States arenoted below.Inahealthy hu-
man being, sleeping generally requires 65cal./hr.;standing relaxed requires 105cal./hr.;
light exercise, 170cal./hr.;walking slowly,200cal./hr.;walking moderately fast, 300
cal./hr.;severe exercise, 450cal./hr.;running slowly,570cal./hr.;anvery severe exer-
cise, 600-650 cal./hr.
Studies done justfollowing W.W.II(Eggleton, 1948) indicated thatarobust man
doing heavy industrial work canmetabolize 4000 calories offood during aworking day.
This raised thequestion ofwhether onevariety offood isbetter than another inmaking
upthecalories consumed. Eggleton says thatagood deal ofevidence from thework on
muscles andmuscle extracts indicates thatcarbohydrates arethemain fuelforexercise
although some studies show thataproportion ofthemuscle fibers doutilize some fatfor
energy.
Itisestimated thatpure carbohydrate provides 1800 cal./lb. andsodoes pure protein;
butpure fatprovides 4200 cal./lb. Thebelief ofthese heavy laborers isthatevery time
meat isconsumed, acertain amount offatisalso consumed, andthus thetotal amount
offood required toprovide thesame amount ofcalories islesswhen eating meats, than
when eating just carbohydrates and proteins.
Itisclear toseethatoursociety isobsessed with caloric intake, with total disregard
tothequality andcomposition ofthefoods which areconsumed. There ismuch contro-
versy about thecomposition ofdietforathletes. Much ofthecontroversy concerns the
amounts ofprotein, fatandcarbohydrates consumed andtheir relationship toexercise
andathletic performance. When discussing thequality ofdietwith regard tothese three
nutrient groups, wemust examine twosalient questions: (1)Whether anexcess ofoneof
these three nutrients ismore important than anyoftheothers, when pertaining toexer-
cise, and(2)Whether theconsumption ofoneortheother ofthem onthedayofexercise
or the athletic event is likely to be of much significance.
Asfarasthelatter question isconcerned, theonly substance which islikely tohave
asignificant effectwhen taken before anevent issugar.Bysugar wemean thesimple
sugar from fruits aremost readily used, andthen themore complex sugars which are
broken down from starches (carbohydrates).
Astudy wasdone ontherelationship ofbreakfast toathletic performance (Holdi &
Synn, 1946) concerning thecarbohydrate intake ofswimmers with relation toa100-yard
swim. Theresults showed thatthecompositon ofthemeal, asfarascarbohydrates were
concerned, didnoteffecteither theblood sugar level attheendoftheswim ortheper-
formance. They concluded thattheenergyreserves ofthebody were more important
than thecomposition ofthepre-swim meal. Theimplications arethatalong-term main-
tenance ofaquality diethasamuch greater effectonperformance than does theadmin-
istration of a quality meal just prior to exercise.
Another study (Karpovich, 1941) showed thattheamount ofcarbohydrate metabo-
lized inexercise isdependent upon theamount ofcarbohydrate inthediet, andthelower
thecarbohydrate inthediet, thehigher theamount offatmetabolized. Karpovich al-
soclaims thatwhen energyisderived from fats, thework performed isactually 10%
lesseconomical than when theenergyisderived from carbohydrates. There isalso lit-
tledoubt thatprotein orfat,since they need such along digestion period