enervation. Children Pampered and Spoiled. —This brings on the bad
and enervating habits of irritability, wilfulness,  overeating,
improper eating, and temper. Many of the older children
use tobacco, coffee, and an excessive amount of sweets and
pastry. Self -abuse begins early in many, and is the cause of
stomach symptoms. Adolescence comes with excessive
dancing, loss of  sleep, smoking, drinking, lasciviousness,
venereal disease, and the fear springing from the
contemplation of the consequences. Irritable children are
hard to do anything for. The reason they are irritable is
because they are pampered and not made to mind. It is a crime not to control children. They should be
compelled to obey. But do not wait until they are sick. A
cranky irritability will help bring on disease and keep a
child sick. Fear. —Fear is the greatest of all causes of enervation. Childre n are subject to many fears. They are educated to
fear the dark, the bogy -man, and punishment. Parents often
keep children in a state of fear by irritably cuffing them for
the slightest excuse. There are many parents who do their
“scrapping” before their c hildren. It is a dreadfully
common thing to do. Outlawry begins at home and at the breast of the mother. A child that cannot respect its parents will not respect the
laws of the state or nation. No parent is respected who is
not obeyed at once and wit hout capitulation. Unconditional
surrender is the discipline necessary for character -building. But children will not obey laws that parents disregard. In domestic infelicity are born disease and crime, and no
amount of doctoring by doctors of medicine, law, and
theology can cure; for none of them removes the cause. Those who die of chronic disease have no self -control. There is much fear and anxiety in a child’s life. No child
can thrive living in a state of fear in home, school, or
church. Discip line taught by respected parents brings love
and not fear. Longevity has increased since hell -fire and brimstone
have ceased to be taught and to build fear. A morality kept
intact by fear is not health -imparting, and is not a morality
at all. Remove t he fear, and mob license succeeds it. Fear
and love are antidotal. Man has been taught to fear God,
and at the same time love Him. Where the fear is real, the
love is fictitious. Love being the basis on which ethics is
built, a love founded on fear builds humbug ethics; and this  is the foundation of all the conventional lies of our
civilization. Fear in all lines concerning children, from their
conception to their birth, and on through school life, social
life, and marriage, leads to enervation. The d earth of worth -
while knowledge of how to feed and otherwise care for
children keeps up an unnecessary worry with parents
concerning their health. How to teach the young to avoid
breaking their health and handicapping their minds by
excesses in play, eating, drinking, in controlling temper and
emotions, and in self -pollution is a knowledge sadly
lacking in nearly all homes. Disease follows these excesses
in the young. There is not a habit so self -destructive and so
generally practiced as venereal excitement;  and there is no
habit receiving so little attention from parents. Ataxia is supposed to be caused by syphilis, but in fact, it
is caused by cerebro -spinal enervation, brought on from
sensuality in all forms —particularly venereal. Subjects of
this dis ease usually begin onanism early in life. Parents
should teach children to avoid destroying habits. I have had
locomotor -ataxia cases confess to me that they began their
self-pollution as early as eight years of age. Ten to fifteen
are the years when activ e pollution begins. Unless a
physician is very tactful, youths will not confess. I will say that very few boys have been untruthful to me. This
practice is not quite so common with the opposite sex. The physical abuse in this line is not nearly so ene rvating
as allowing the mind to dwell on sex -subjects. Lascivious
dreaming debauches the victim as much as excessive
venery. Early pollution, followed by excessive venery,
often communizes a mind that would shine in the forum
and in intellectual pursuits. There is a difference, however,
in garrulity and garrulous parroting, and giving a feast of
reason. Bright intellects at twenty and twenty -five often
degenerate into mediocrity at forty -five because of brain -
enervation due to venereal excess. Add to sex - abuse,
tobacco, coffee, tea, alcohol, and excessive or wrong
eating, and no wonder man at sixty is fit for little else than
chloroforming, if nature has not already administered
euthanasia. ADULTS

   Adults, too, have much fear in their lives. The b read-and-
butter problem gives anxiety; but when enough has been
accumulated, so that fear along this line is unnecessary,
fear is felt that something may happen that will put them  back in the breadline. Why? There is no confidence in
business ethics —there is no God in business. Business Worries. —Business worries are a source of
enervation. Business —any business —is not the cause of
worry. A work well done is a delight, and anything that
delights is character -building. A work slovenly carried on
dissati sfies; but the worrier never looks within to find the
cause. This life brings enervation in time, and disease as a
sequel; then more worries looking for a cure. Business is
what a man makes of it. A thorough understanding of
business, with honesty and indu stry, removes all worries
and saves nerve - energy. Worry does not build efficiency;
neither is inefficiency removed by worrying. Worry, lack of
control over the emotions, improper eating, stimulants, all
build disease. Nothing is so conducive to poise  as a thorough
understanding of one’s personal habits and occupation. Bluff and bluster may put the idea of efficiency “across” to
the people for a time; but, as surely as chickens come home
to roost, the truth will out. Worry, even though presenting a
smooth exterior, will break through; the worker will break
down —disease will claim him for its own. Housewives
who carry a burden of worry become enervated and lose
health. The cause of their worry is lack of control of eating, lack of control of the emotions, lack of care of the body,
and lack of efficiency. Instead of resolutely going to work
to remove all the defects, they are downed by them. An
uncontrollable temper must be downed, or it will down the
one who gives way to it. Gossip is not an admirable qua lity,
and, unless overcome, it will in time drive friends away. Envy and jealousy are cancers that eat the soul out of those
who indulge them. What is left to love when the soul is
gone? When anyone, from indolence and health -destroying
habits, allows  himself to gravitate below the standard
expected of him by his friends, he must not be surprised
when they run away from him. Who are the old people who are left alone? Those who
have lived selfish lives —who have demanded
entertainment when they shou ld have been entertaining
themselves. Happiness and entertainment must come from
within —from a love of service, work, books. If this
fountain of youth and pleasure is not found before old age
creeps over us, we shall find ourselves alone. Even in the
midst  of a throng we shall be alone, forever alone. What
could be more pathetic? Self-Indulgence. —Self-indulgence is contrary to ethics and brings its condemnation. What about the ethics of
gluttons —what about their religion? Excess in everything
follows o n the heels of abnormal selfish indulgence. Coming under this head are self -pity and a desire for cure. Extravagant habits, even if there is an inexhaustible supply,
builds a self -destructive morale, on the heels of which, like
a nemesis, runs the trail to  premature death. The causes are
called heart disease, apoplexy, paralysis, kidney disease,
suicide, etc. ; but what is in a name? Names are all
misleading; for the cause —first, last, and all the time —is a
selfish body and mind —destructive self -indulgence. A study of nature reveals the fact that man must live for
service; not giving alms, but helping others to help
themselves. Self -indulgence in the use of stimulants, even in
moderation, is a constant drain on the nervous system; and
a time comes w hen the last cigar, the last cup of coffee, the
last hearty meal, snaps the vital cord; and the contingency
is always unexpected and a surprise. Overwork


ccit ic vulnerable acupoint with a tinge r whik· di
recting thl· chi front his tdtl-tictl to his tingcr. These paralysis and St·xr4a l Vitality from the Sea of Chi
death points arc carefully catalogue d in kung fu n1anuals. It is be
lieved that sorne rnartial arts n1astcrs in China can still practice
ticu-hsueh. MIND OVER Bonv. Can a person really direct his o\vn rnind to control son1c of his
bodily functions. Curiously. quite a tcw mystical-sounding an
cient n1ind-body practices arc being contirmed in the modern
laboratory, either directly or indirectly. A few examples arc en
lightening. In recent centuries, Western scientists have sharply separated
the body from the mind. During much of this century, the physi
cian took care of the body, and the psychologist took care of the
mind. Each kept to his own territory, and neither realized that
what was happening in his own realm could strongly affect what
was happening in the other. Physicians have traditionally consid
ered the human body like a machine, functioning mechanical ly,
with the main causes of disease as bacteria, viruses, and other out
side agents. This paradigm is changing. For some decades physicians have
known that a few diseases are psychosomatic (affected by the
mind), but their scope was thought to be limited. Recent re
search, however, indicates that at least ninety percent of diseases
are affected by the patient's mind. The most exciting development in contemporary health sci
ences is the growing recognition of mind-body interaction. Since
the 1 96os, American scientists have become increasingly inter
ested in a phenomenon called biofeedback. Monitoring it in
volves hooking a person to an array of electronic devices that
record brain waves and physiological condition, then feed the in
formation back to him. The electrical potential of the human brain varies according
to different mental states, as is shown clearly by electroenceph
alography. Scientists have found four principal types of brain
waves: alpha (during deep relaxation), beta (during awake and
alert states), theta (while dreaming), and delta (in deep sleep, or
while under anesthesia). Biofeedback instruments enable a per
son to keep himself in profound relaxation, when his brain emits
149 mainly alpha waves. He can watch the mon itoring instru me nts
and, with a little practice, keep himsd f on alpha waves for long
stretches of time. It has been found that while in the alph a state one can con
sciously control the autonomic nervous systen1, wh ich regul ates
the normally automatic functioning of internal organs. Th is 1neans
that with the help of biofeedback, a person can learn to control or
at least influence his normally involuntary functions such as
heartbeat, blood pressure, and skin teinperature. Patients on bio
feedback programs have been able to "think" their way out of the
syn1ptoms of many ailments, including migraine headaches, ir
regular heartbeat, and high blood pressure. Biofeedback re
searchers believe that people who have mastered the alpha state
can keep in good physical health with little medicine. The findings on biofeedback, gathered from laboratories all
over the United States and elsewhere, fly in the face of orthodox
physiology, which claims that we cannot control our autonomic
nervous system voluntarily. The evidence to the contrary was
quite a discovery, but was it really. For many centuries Chinese
Taoists, Chinese and Japanese Zen Buddhists, Tibetan lamas, and
Indian yogis have been exer cising extraordinary mental control
over their bodies through transcendental meditation, without
using any instruments. As a matter of fact, the techniques of biofeedback were in
vented after a Japanese scientist, intrigued by the remarkable
mental state of Zen meditators, monitored their brain waves. As
has been pointed out, Zen Buddhism originated in China, with
its meditative practice inspired by Taoism. For thousands of years
Chinese Taoists and Zen Buddhists have been using meditation as
a mind-body means to improve their health and longevity. The firm link between the mind and the body has been estab
lished further by contemporary scientists. In the 1980s a new
science was born: psychoneuroimmunology, which studies the
interplay an1ong the mind, the nervous system, and the immune
system. Among its findings are that the mind and body are in
constant dialogue. The n1any billions of neurons (nerve cells) of
the human brain arc endlessly whispering and shouting to each
other, and to cells elsewher e in the body. Our emotions can cause
the brain to produce any of the fifty known neuropeptides, or
brain chemicals. Sexual Vitality from the Sea ofChi
Numerous laboratory experiments have shown that when a
person becomes depressed or elated, angry or loving, when he is
stressed or relaxed, when he meditates or prays, his brain releases
specific neuropeptides into the bloodstream. These signal to
defense forces in his immune system, such as scavenger macro
phages and defensive "killer cells," and may strengthen or weaken
his immune system. Spontaneous remissions from a fatal disease
may be the work of the mind through neuropeptides. A person's
health may be subtly, or even powerfully, affected. The ancient
Chinese believed firmly that the body-mind approach could
bring good health and longevity. Modern scientists are proving what Eastern mystics always
believed: The mind is a powerful thing. For many centuries the
ancient Chinese have advocated the use of the mind to control,
discipline, and nurture the body for various purposes. In tradi
tional China the mind-body approach was popular and highly re
spected. Physicians emphasized mental hygiene and moderation
in lifestyle as a means to good health. Philosophers preached the
tranquility of the heart and the cultivation of the mind. Taoists
and Zen Buddhists used meditation and deep breathing to elevate
their consciousness and enrich their life-force. Martial arts mas
ters have performed incredible ph ysical feats through intense men
tal concentration. These feats, according to the ancient Chinese,
were manifestations of all-important chi. ExPERIMENTS ON CHI
Dir ect evidence of chi was collected in the late 1970s by Chi nese
scien tists in Hong Kong. Researchers conducted experiments on
two groups of people engaged in the conscious manipulation of
life-force. The first group includ ed Chinese physicians who treated
pati ents with men ta] con centr ation of thei r chi, without touc hing
their patients. The secon d group con sisted of kung fu masters
who em ployed their chi to perf orm pow erful feats of intern al
strength. The fir�t grc,up was made up of eight teams, each consisting
of a physician and a patient. I )uring the physi cians' treatments,
for every one of thl· teams, the tem per atu re of the tip of the physi
cian \ nose lowered a dc:g rcc or two, wluk that of the patient was THE ART OF TH E BEDCHAMBER
raised correspondingly. This temperature shift suggested an ex
change of energy between physician and patient, and hinted at a
flow of some form of energy from physician to patient. The find
ings were confirmed and measured by infrared instruments. The same instruments, when employed to detect energy from
the martial arts experts, failed to measure any change in the case of
a practitioner of chi-kung. Instead, scientists detected that one acu
point between his eyebrows was sending out an electrical charge
measured at I X Io-14 coulomb. Such an electrical charge has
never been detected in ordinary people. Another martial artist
was found to give off a magnetic force measured at I o to I 5
gausses, several hundred times that of the highest known emana
tion from a norn1al person. The researchers were puzzled that the energy generated by the
test groups appeared sometimes as heat and other times as elec
tromagnetic waves. These detectable but unexplained phenom
ena brought the scientists engaging in the research to coin the
term "human body field"; this force field of the human body has
yet to be explained by modern science. Whether one calls it ema
nation, bioplasma, or life-force, it seems that the ancient Taoist
concept of chi is not all hot air. CHI AND SEXUALITY
Almost all the classics and manuals of the ancient Art of the Bed
chamber directly advocate or subtly suggest the role of chi in
sexual activities, the erotic and health value of certain bodily se
cretions, the benefits of physical contact and sitnple proxin1ity
between opp osite sexes. Although son1e of these concepts were
cloaked in ancient super stition and the explanations couched in
metaphysic a l tt. ·rnls, the basic appr oach scen1s quite valid to the
n1odern obst. ·rver. In t:Kt, during the past few decades, medical
scit. 'ntists and sexologists have, through expcrin1ents and tests,
k·nt indirect


 out e ven that wasn’t going to be
enough. The investigation was coming out of the U.S.
Attorney’s Office in Charleston, South Carolina, so it was
suggested that the senior executives also line up
attorneys licensed to practice there. So now we were
talking about hiring thirty to forty attorneys, plus two
firms fo r the company. If I hadn’t been stunned by the
raid, I was certainly going to be stunned by what it meant
to defend yourself against it. I couldn’t relate to suddenly being thrust into this
situation. I knew absolutely nothing about criminal
matters; I had never even thought about the subject. This
made m e very naive about the  inherent danger I could be
facing. If I had been left on my own, I probably would
have figured that since I didn’t do anything, I should just
go i n and talk  to the gover nment. Fortunately, I was
surrounded by  savvy businesspeople who knew that you
don’t do  anyth ing until you c onsult an attorney and find
out what’s going on. I certa inly learned the wisdom of
that advice as events unfolded. Over the next few weeks, WebMD’s board hired
Williams and Connolly to represent the company. This
firm wa s not the largest in Washington, but it had thereputation of being one of the best for this sort of case. I
asked Jim Mercer, since he w as the attorney I respected
the most, to h elp me select m y attorney. I was a novice
and he was an  expert. I really appreciated all the help
and support I got from him. Jim steered me to an
attorney at Williams and Connolly who gave me a list of
highly r espected criminal lawyers whom he had worked
with in the pa st. It seemed like such a big decision. I
wouldn’t have any idea how to interview a top-notch
criminal attorney. I followed Jim’s advice and started to
set up preliminary meetings with some of the attorneys—
but in my heart, I knew I was going to leave this decision
up to the flow of life. As i t turned ou t, events unfolded such that I met with
only one attorney, Randy Turk. Randy was a senior
partner with Baker Botts, one  of the country’s oldest and
most re spected law firms. His résumé read like a Who’s
Who in the white-collar criminal defense world. It ran
from su ccessfully defending Hughes Aircraft Company
against a $400 million claim by the U.S. government
regarding repair of the Hubble space telescope, to being
one of the key  lawyers on th e defense team for Michael
K. D eaver, Reagan White Hou se deputy chief of staff, at a
trial of allegations of perjury and obstruction of justice. The list went on and on. Of all the info rmation I could gather about Randy, it
was something  the attorney at Williams and Connolly
said tha t influenced me the most. He had heard that I
had a ponytail and lived in the woods. He told me that of
all t he top def ense attorney s he knew, Randy was the
most avant-garde. The attorney felt that based on what
he had heard about me, Randy and I would get along
great. I met Randy for the first time in New York. He flew in
for the WebMD shareholder meeting to meet with me
and Jim Mercer, who was hel ping me select my attorney. I was immediately comfortable with Randy. He had beendefending peo ple against government charges for more
than thirty years. He practiced in Washington and was
obviously very successful. Ra ndy seemed to be intrigued
by the case an d my unique background. He had learned
what he could from his contact at Williams and Connolly,
and Jim and I proceeded to tell him what we knew. WebMD had gotten a much b etter idea of the focus of
the government’s investigation by the time Randy and I
met. As we had  suspected, Bobby Davids was behind all
of this. After the company had successfully subpoenaed
his hidden bank accounts in early 2003, Bobby knew he
was caught. It was just a matter of time before we
realized that he had stolen a lmost six million dollars in
kickbacks and embezzlement schemes. He was going to
prison for a ve ry long time. But Bobby was a con man,
and app arently a very good o ne. He had certainly conned
us for years while managing to carry out his fraud
undetected. In March 2003, Bobby Davids embarked on
the con  of his life—how to avoid punishment for what he
had done. He walked into th e U.S. Attorney’s Office in
Charleston, So uth Carolina, near where he lived, and
presented himself as a whistle-blower. He told the
federal authorities that he was an executive who had
been involved in massive accounting fraud at a public
company. He admitted that a s part of this fraud he had
taken kickbacks for himself and a few others, but he was
prepared to turn in the entire upper management team if
the government was prepared to cut him a deal. For the next si x months leading up to the raid, while
WebMD attor neys were openly investigating all that
Davids and his group had done, Bobby Davids was
secretly hand-f eeding the government an intricate web of
lies. Davids was, in fact, a CPA in charge of the entire
dealer acquisition program. As such, he had detailed
knowledge of every acquisition and every supporting
document. Davids was com pletely free to create the
entire frame of reference for the government about thecompany and its executives. With the skill of a Picasso,
he was painting a masterpie ce on the blank canvas of
people’s minds. All he had to do was be sure he told the
story in  a way that would later be supportable by the
documents they would find. He knew there was not
going to be any hard evide nce found to support his
“world accordi ng to Bobby.” But if he says that he was
told to do a dea l in a certain way, and he could later show
that, indeed, the deal was done that way—that would
support his story. The prob lem is that it would not
support the “he was told” part. But if he tells the
government in vestigators what they’re going to find, and
they keep finding it, that wou ld lend credence to the rest
of his story. Eventually, he would earn their confidence. If know ledge is power, then Bobby Davids had all the
power. In that early interaction with  the government, he
was the one with all the knowledge. Randy explained that this was not an unusual
situation. The government fo rms a view and then tries to
find evidence to support that  view. That is what the FBI
was currently doing with the mass of documents taken
during the raid. Randy said t he problem with that many
documents is that you can always find a way to make
them sa y what  you want. On  that ominous note, Randy
agreed to defend me to the best of his ability, and we
shook h ands. I  could never h ave known the odyssey we
were about to embark on t ogether. Nor could I have
known how close our friendship would become. All I
knew at  the time was that the same flow of life’s events
that had led me into this mess had just led me to my lead
attorney. Following this flow was my great experiment,
and there was no turning back now.5 2. U n i t e d  S t a t e s  o f  A m e r i c a  v. M i c h a e l  A. S i n g e r
F our months had passed since the raid, and we still knew
very litt le about what was go ing on. I continued to feel
confident that as the government investigators worked
their wa y throu gh the documents and interviewed people
in the compan y, they would realize that Bobby and his
group w ere the  only ones who  had done anything wrong. The hea dlines had stopped, and everything was relatively
back to  normal in our daily lives. Randy came down to
Alachua once or twice, as did a few members of his team. Since we didn’t know what case the government was
trying to build, and they ha d taken all the documents
from 1997 through 2003, there was not much legal work
we coul d be doing. The only thing the executives could
do w as start getting our attor neys up to speed regarding
our business and personal histories. Randy selected a South Carolina attorney for me, John
Simmons, and shortly thereafter John came down to see
me. I was very impressed with him. John had been the
U.S. attorney for South Carolina in the past and was now
in priva te practice. As we spe nt the day together, and he
saw what I had  built over the years with the business and
the Tem ple, he grew more and more dismayed at what
was going on. H e told me he knew the prosecutor leading
the investigation, and she was a fine, intelligent woman. Like ev eryone else


	why	health
eludes	some	and	embraces	others,	and	I	now	know	that	food	primarily
determines	the	outcome. This	information	could	not	come	at	a	better	time. Our	health	care	system	costs	too	much,	it	excludes	far	too	many	people	and	it
does	not	promote	health	and	prevent	disease. Volumes	have	been	written	on
how	the	problem	might	be	solved,	but	progress	has	been	painfully	slow.SICKNESS,	ANYONE? If	you	are	male	in	this	country,	the	American	Cancer	Society	says	that	you
have	a	47%	chance	of	getting	cancer. If	you	are	female,	you	fare	a	little	better,
but	you	still	have	a	whopping	38%	lifetime	chance	of	getting	cancer. 1
	The
rates	at	which	we	die	from	cancer	are	among	the	highest	in	the	world,	and	it
has	been	getting	worse	(
Chart	1.1
). Despite	thirty	years	of	the	massively
funded	War	on	Cancer,	we	have	made	little	progress. Contrary	to	what	many	believe,	cancer	is	not	a	natural	event. Adopting
a
healthy	diet	and	lifestyle	can	prevent	the	majority	of	cancers	in	the	United
States. Old	age	can	and	should	be	graceful	and	peaceful. CHART	1.1:	CANCER	DEATH	RATES	(PER	100,000	PEOPLE)
1
But	cancer	is	only	part	of	a	larger	picture	of	disease	and	death	in	America. Looking	elsewhere,	we	see	that	there	is	an	overall	pattern	of	poor	health. For
example,	we	are	rapidly	becoming	the	heaviest	people	on	earth. Overweight
Americans	now	significantly	outnumber	those	who	maintain	a	healthy	weight. As	shown	in
Chart	1.2
,	our	rates	of	obesity	have	been	skyrocketing	over	the
past	several	decades. 2
According	to	the	National	Center	for	Health	Statistics,	almost	a	third	of
the	adults	twenty	years	of	age	and	over	in	this	country	are	obese! 3
	One	is
considered	obese	if	he	or	she	is	carrying	more	than	a	third	of	a
person	above
and	beyond	a	healthy	weight. Similarly	frightening	trends	have	been
occurring	in	children	as	young	as	two	years	of	age. 3CHART	1.2:	PERCENT	OBESE	POPULATION
2
CHART	1.3:	WHAT	IS	OBESE	(BOTH	SEXES)? Height
Weight	in	Excess	of	(lbs)
5′0″
153
5′2″
164
5′4″
174
5′6″
185
5′8″
197
5′10″
209
6′0″
221
6′2″
233
But	cancer	and	obesity	are	not	the	only	epidemics	casting	a	large	shadow
over	American	health. Diabetes	has	also	increased	in	unprecedented
proportions. One	out	of	thirteen	Americans	now	has	diabetes,	and	that	ratio
continues	to	rise. If	we	don’t	heed	the	importance	of	diet,	millions	of
additional	Americans	will	unknowingly	develop	diabetes	and	suffer	its
consequences,	including	blindness,	limb	amputation,	cardiovascular	disease,
kidney	disease	and	premature	death. Despite	this,	fast	food	restaurants	that
serve	nutritionally	defunct	foods	are	now	fixtures	in	almost	every	town. We
eat	out	more	than	ever
4
	and	speed	has	taken	precedence	over	quality. As	we
spend	more	time	watching	TV,	playing	video	games	and	using	the	computer,
we	are	less	physically	active. Both	diabetes	and	obesity	are	merely	symptoms	of	poor	health	in	general.They	rarely	exist	in	isolation	of	other	diseases	and	often	forecast	deeper,	more
serious	health	problems,	such	as	heart	disease,	cancer	and	stroke. Two	of	the
most	frightening	statistics	show	that	diabetes	among	people	in	their	thirties
has	increased	70%	in	less	than	ten	years	and	the	percentage	of	obese	people
has	nearly	doubled	in	the	past	thirty	years. Such	an	incredibly	fast	increase	in
these	“signal”	diseases	in	America’s	young	to	middle-age	population	forecasts
a	health	care	catastrophe	in	the	coming	decades. It	may	become	an	unbearable
burden	on	a	health	system	that	is	already	strained	in	countless	ways. DIABETES	STATISTICS
Percent	Increase	in	Incidence	from	1990	to	1998
5
:
Age	30-39	(70%)	•	Age	40-49	(40%)	•	Age	50-59	(31	%)
Percent	of	Diabetics	Who	Aren’t	Aware	of	their	Illness
5
:
	34%
Diabetes	Outcomes
6
:
	Heart	Disease	and	Stroke;	Blindness;	Kidney	Disease;
Nervous	System	Disorders;	Dental	Disease;	Limb	Amputation
Annual	Economic	Cost	of	Diabetes
7
:
	$98	Billion
But	the	most	pervasive	killer	in	our	culture	is	not	obesity,	diabetes	or
cancer. It	is	heart	disease. Heart	disease	will	kill	one	out	of	every	three
Americans. According	to	the	American	Heart	Association,	over	60	million
Americans	currently	suffer	from	some	form	of	cardiovascular	disease,
including	high	blood	pressure,	stroke	and	heart	disease. 8
	Like	me,	you
undoubtedly	have	known	someone	who	died	of	heart	disease. But	since	my
own	father	died	from	a	heart	attack	over	thirty	years	ago,	a	great	amount	of
knowledge	has	been	uncovered	in	understanding	this	disease. The	most
dramatic	recent	finding	is	that	heart	disease	can	be	prevented	and	even
reversed	by	a	healthy	diet. 9,	10
	People	who	cannot	perform	the	most	basic
physical	activity	because	of	severe	angina	can	find	a	new	life	simply	by
changing	their	diets. By	embracing	this	revolutionary	information,	we	could
collectively	defeat	the	most	dangerous	disease	in	this	country.OOPS…WE	DIDN’T	MEAN	TO	HAVE	THAT
HAPPEN! As	increasing	numbers	of	Americans	fall	victim	to	chronic	diseases,	we	hope
that	our	hospitals	and	doctors	will	do	all	that	they	can	to	help	us. Unfortunately,	both	the	newspapers	and	the	courts	are	filled	with	stories	and
cases	that	tell	us	that	inadequate	care	has	become	the	norm. One	of	the	most	well	regarded	voices	representing	the	medical	community,
the
Journal	of	the	American	Medical	Association
	(JAMA),	included	a	recent
article	by	Barbara	Starfield,	M.D.,	stating	that	physician	error,	medication
error	and	adverse	events	from	drugs	or	surgery	kill	225,400	people	per	year
(
Chart	1.5
). 11
	That	makes	our	health	care	system	the	third	leading	cause	of
death	in	the	United	States,	behind	only	cancer	and	heart	disease	(
Chart	1.4
). 12
CHART	1.4:	LEADING	CAUSES	OF	DEATH
12
Cause	of	Death
Deaths
Diseases	of	the	Heart
710,760
Cancer	(Malignant	Neoplasms)
553,091
Medical	Care
11
225,400
Stroke	(Cerebrovascular	Diseases)
167,661
Chronic	Lower	Respiratory	Diseases
122,009
Accidents
97,900
Diabetes	Mellitus
69,301
Influenza	and	Pneumonia
65,313
Alzheimer’s	Disease
49,558
CHART	1.5:	DEATH	B


	Biotechnologies	and	previously
Procter	and	Gamble	and	the	Dannon	Institute—all	food	and	drug	outfits—
represented	a	strange	marriage	between	industry	and	my	society. 8
	Do	you
believe	that	these	“friends”	of	the	society	are	interested	in	pursuing	scientific
investigation,	no	matter	what	the	conclusions	may	be?CONSEQUENCES	FOR	THE	PUBLIC
Ultimately,	the	lessons	I	learned	in	my	career	had	little	to	do	with	specific
names	or	specific	institutions. These	lessons	have	more	to	do	with	what	goes
on	behind	the	scenes	of	any	large	institution. What	happens	behind	the	scenes
during	national	policy	discussions,	whether	it	happens	in	scientific	societies,
the	government	or	in	industry	boardrooms,	is	supremely	important	for	our
health	as	a	nation. The	personal	experiences	I	have	talked	about	in	this
chapter—only	a	sample	of	such	experiences—have	consequences	far	greater
than	personal	aggravation	and	damage	to	my	career. These	experiences
illustrate	the	dark	side	of	science,	the	side	that	harms	not	just	individual
researchers	who	get	in	the	way,	but	all	of	society. It	does	this	by
systematically	attempting	to	conceal,	defeat	and	destroy	viewpoints	that
oppose	the	status	quo. There	are	some	people	in	very	influential	government	and	university
positions	who	operate	under	the	guise	of	being	scientific	“experts,”	whose
real	jobs	are	to	stifle	open	and	honest	scientific	debate. Perhaps	they	receive
significant	personal	compensation	for	attending	to	the	interests	of	powerful
food	and	drug	companies,	or	perhaps	they	merely	have	an	honest	personal
bias	toward	a	company-friendly	viewpoint. Personal	bias	is	stronger	than	you
may	think. I	know	scientists	with	family	members	who	died	from	cancer	and
it	angers	them	to	entertain	the	possibility	that	personal	choices,	like	diet,
could	have	played	a	role	in	the	death	of	their	loved	ones. Likewise,	there	are
scientists	for	whom	the	high-fat,	high	animal-based	food	diet	they	eat	every
day	is	simply	what	they	learned	was	healthy	at	a	young	age;	they	love	the
habit,	and	they	don’t	want	to	change. The	vast	majority	of	scientists	are	honorable,	intelligent	and	dedicated	to
the	search	for	the	common	good	rather	than	personal	gain. However,	there	are
a	few	scientists	who	are	willing	to	sell	their	souls	to	the	highest	bidder. They
may	not	be	many	in	number,	but	their	influence	can	be
vast. They	can	corrupt
the	good	name	of	institutions	of	which	they	are	a	part	and,	most	importantly,
they	can	create	vast	confusion	among	the	public,	which	often	cannot	know
who	is	who. You	might	turn	on	the	TV	one	day	to	see	an	expert	praising
McDonald’s	hamburgers,	and	then	read	a	magazine	the	same	day	that	you
should	eat	less	high-fat	red	meat	to	protect	yourself	against	cancer. Who	is	to
be	believed? Institutions	also	are	part	of	the	dark	side	of	science. Committees	like	the
Public	Nutrition	Information	Committee	and	the	American	Council	on
Science	and	Health	generate	lopsided	panels	and	committees	and	institutions
that	are	far	more	interested	in	promoting	their	point	of	view	than	debatingscientific	research	with	an	open	mind. If	a	Public	Nutrition	Information
Committee	report	says	that	low-fat	diets	are	fraudulent	scams,	and	a	National
Academy	of	Sciences	report	says	the	opposite,	which	one	is	right? In	addition,	this	closed-mindedness	in	science	spreads	across	entire
systems. The	American	Cancer	Society	was	not	the	only	health	institution	that
worked	to	make	life	difficult	for	the	AICR. The	National	Cancer	Institute
public	information	office,	Harvard	Medical	School	and	a	few	other
universities	with	medical	schools	were	highly	skeptical	of	the	AICR	and,	in
some	cases,	outright	hostile. The	hostility	of	medical	schools	first	surprised
me,	but	when	the	American	Cancer	Society,	a	very	traditional	medical
institution,	also	joined	the	fray,	it	became	obvious	that	there	really	was	a
“Medical	Establishment.”	The	behemoth	did	not	take	kindly	to	the	idea	of	a
serious	connection	between	diet	and	cancer	or,	for	that	matter,	virtually	any
other	disease. Big	Medicine	in	America	is	in	the	business	of	treating	disease
with	drugs	and	surgery	after	symptoms	appear. This	means	that	you	might
have	turned	on	the	TV	to	see	that	the	American	Cancer	Society	gives	almost
no	credence	to	the	idea	that	diet	is	linked	to	cancer,	and	then	opened	the	paper
to	see	that	the	American	Institute	for	Cancer	Research	says	what	you	eat
impacts	your	risk	of	getting	cancer. Who	do	you	trust? Only	someone	familiar	with	the	inside	of	the	system	can	distinguish
between	sincere	positions	based	in	science	and	insincere,	self-serving
positions. I	was	on	the	inside	of	the	system	for	many	years,	working	at	the
very	top	levels,	and	saw	enough	to	be	able	to	say	that	science	is	not	always
the	honest	search	for	truth	that	so	many	believe	it	to	be. It	far	too	often
involves	money,	power,	ego	and	protection	of	personal	interests	above	the
common	good. Very	few,	if	any,	illegal	acts	need	to
occur. It	doesn’t	involve
large	payoffs	being	delivered	to	secret	bank	accounts	or	to	private
investigators	in	smoky	hotel	lobbies. It’s	not	a	Hollywood	story;	it’s	just	day-
to-day	government,	science	and	industry	in	the	United	States.14
Scientific	Reductionism
W
HEN	OUR
	N
ATIONAL
	A
CADEMY	OF
	S
CIENCES
	(NAS)	Diet,	Nutrition	and
Cancer	Committee	was	deciding	how	to	summarize	the	research	on	diet	and
cancer,	we	included	chapters	on	individual	nutrients	and	nutrient	groups. This
was	the	way	research	had	been	done,	one	nutrient	at	a	time. For	example,	the
chapter	on	vitamins	included	information	on	the	relationships	between	cancer
and	vitamins	A,	C,	E	and	some	B	vitamins. However,	in	the	report	summary,
we	recommended	getting	these	nutrients	from	foods,	not	pills	or	supplements. We	explicitly	stated	that	“These	recommendations	apply	only	to	foods	as
sources	of	nutrients—not	to	dietary	supplements	of	individual	nutrients.”
1
The	report	quickly	found	its	way	to	the	corporate	world,	which	saw	a
major	money-making	opportunity. They	ignored	our	cautionary	message
distinguishing	foods	from	pills	and	began	advertising	vitamin	pills	as
products	that	could	prevent	cancer,	arrogantly	citing	our	report	as
justification. This	was	a	great	opening	to	a	vast	new	market—commercial
vitamin	supplements. General	Nutrition,	Inc.,	the	company	with	thousands	of	General	Nutrition
Centers,	started	selling	a	product	called	“Healthy	Greens,”	a	multivitamin
supplement	of	vitamins	A,	C	and	E,	beta-carotene,	selenium	and	a	miniscule
half-gram	of	dehydrated	vegetables. Then	they	advertised	their	product	by
making	the	following	claims
2
:
[The
Diet,	Nutrition	and	Cancer
	report]	recommended	we	increase


 duplicated by Dr. William
Shive and his colleagues at the University of Texas. Dr. Shive
found that raw cabbage juice—as well as the juices of some other vegetables—tends to prevent ulcers and to cure them. He studied 100 cases in which the ulcerous condition was so
severe that the use of the bland diet and anti-ulcer drugs had
failed. But the drinking of one quart of fresh, raw cabbage
juice per day by these patients brought about marked
beneficial results. The use of raw cabbage juice in amounts
less than one quart per day promotes less rapid recovery than
does the full quota but it is of definite value, and even a glass
of juice per day tends to reduce or eliminate the pain in some
cases. The raw cabbage juice is also an important aid to normal elimination and it improves the general health of the
ulcer patient as well as promoting recovery of his primary affliction. The "scraped apple" diet is an old German folk remedy for
both diarrhea and constipation. Modern scientists have
employed raw apple in the treatment of these same conditions
with very good effects. T. L. Birnberg treated diarrhea in children with raw, grated apple and obtained completely
successful results in 88 per cent of all cases. He noted relief
from abdominal pain achieved almost immediately, normal stools achieved in 24 hours, reduction of fever within 48
hours, and disappearance of mucus in 60 hours. The
beneficial effects of raw apple in these cases are attributed to
the presence of "hydrophilic colloids" in the food which absorb excessive water and furnish bulk to control peristalsis. Of particular interest is the therapeutic value of raw honey. This food has long been known as a "folk medicine" for hay fever and asthma, and recent experimental studies conducted
at the William Beaumond General Hospital in El Paso, Texas
have shown that raw honey containing the pollen of the
offending grasses or weeds builds up a natural resistance to
these agents in the body, thereby offering relief to the hay fever victims. Studies made by P. E. Weesen of the
Frauenfelder Sanitarium of Europe showed that patients given
raw honey exceeded all others both in strength and healthy
appearance. Dr. Paula Emrich tested 100 children, and found
that those given raw honey achieved a 12 per cent increase in hemoglobin content of their blood over the others. Dr.
Rolleder
gave a smaller quantit y of raw hone y to 58 children of an Austrian orphanage and noted a hemoglobin increase of
8½ per cent. Dr. Schacht of Wiesbaden claimed to have cured
many supposedly hopeless cases of gastric and intestinal
ulcers with raw honey, and the celebrated Father Sebastian Kneipp remarked that "smaller ulcers in the stomach are
quickly contracted, broken and healed by it." Surprisingly,
raw honey has even been given to treat diabetes. Dr. A. Y.
Davidov of Russia noted that it tended to prevent acetonemia,
and in spite of its high sugar content, its use was associated with the actual reduction of sugar in the urine. The American
physicians, Dr. L. R. Emerick of Eaton, Ohio, and the late Dr.
R. J. Goss of Middlebury, Vermont, have treated hundreds of
diabetic patients with raw honey, achieving remarkable
success and vast improvement in the weight, strength, and
appearance of many patients. The value of raw liver in treating pernicious anemia is now
well known. As early as 1926 Drs. Murphy and Minot were
curing severe cases of this disease with raw liver, and they
claimed there was some unidentified factor in the food which
stimulated the growth of red corpuscles. At first this was
called the "red blood vitamin." It is now known that there are two such factors, folic acid and vitamin B
12, both of which
are destroyed by heat. Thus, whereas well-cooked liver is
practically useless in these cases, raw liver brings about
consistent and rapid recovery. For perhaps the same reason
raw liver, given to weak and undersized children, has been reported to increase vigor and strength and improve the rate
of growth. Other raw meat products are also of unquestioned
therapeutic importance. When tuberculosis was still a
common disease in this country, frail and consumptive people would be seen going to slaughterhouses to obtain draughts of
fresh blood, which were believed to be of great value in such
cases. In countries where tuberculosis remains prevalent, this
practice is still followed, with reportedly good results. On a
clinical basis the celebrated French physiologist, Prof. Charles Richet, was among the first to use raw beef juice in
the treatment of tuberculosis, and he reported excellent results
in this practice. More recently other European physicians are
following this same method, and they apply the term,
"zomotherapy" to designate treatment of disease with raw meat or raw meat-juice. They claim success with
zomotherapy in treating many conditions, including anemia,
neurasthenia, debility, convalescence, and latent, incipient, or
active tuberculosis. Few raw foods have been as highly recommended as
sunflower seeds
, squash seeds, pumpkin seeds, and watermelon seeds in the treatment of disease. Several years
ago, J. I. Rodale noticed that sunflower seeds, when used in
their raw state, effected a remarkable cure for some cases of
bleeding gums. After his report on this subject was published, new evidence accumulated which indicated that raw
sunflower seeds were also useful in treating gum sores,
dermatitis, rheumatism, rheumatic fever, arthritis, and kidney
disease. The teeth were said to improve under the sunflower
seed treatment, as was the condition of the eyes. Raw squash and pumpkin seeds have been recommended as worm
expellents. An infusion made by soaking dried watermelon
seeds in water was an old Indian folk treatment for kidney
and bladder infections, and many in modern life have also
testified as to the efficiency of this treatment. The watermelon seeds may also be eaten in their fresh state with
good results. While much of the evidence in favor of these
uncooked seed foods is in the form of testimonials rather than
clinical data, it is too extensive to be ignored. Whether we
consider the seeds as effective "folk medicine" or just good
food, they are doubtless of much value in modern nutrition. Raw foods have even been used to improve the intelligence
quotients and mental attitudes of backward children. In
Germany, Dr. Lottner reported an experiment in which 33
children, having low intelligent quotients and attending a
school for backward children, were given a raw breakfast
each morning. This was in the form of "muesli" an uncooked porridge made from oat flakes, milk, fruits, nuts, and honey. The children given the raw breakfasts rapidly improved over
all the others. They did better work in dictation, arithmetic, letter-cancelling, and drawing completion tests. They were
also less restless, did not become tired as rapidly as before,
and showed better concentration in accomplishing their daily
work. C
LINICAL APPLICATION OF THE RAW FOOD DIET
   If the simple addition of certain raw foods to a normal diet
produces such startling changes in human health, it may be
expected that a diet composed entirely, or nearly so, of raw foods would be much more beneficial and achieve more rapid
and far-reaching results. This has been shown to be true at the
Pottenger Sanitarium in California, where a large variety of
raw foods has been employed for therapuetic purposes. Dr. Pottenger writes that "the highest grade of raw milk,
raw meat, raw vegetables, and fruit products obtainable" are
used in the clinical work. He points out that "we have been able to im
prove the physiolo gic res ponse of children who have previously been developing in a deficient manner"
similar to the experimental animals which were fed upon
heat-processed foods. Even defective facial growth has been
improved, and Pottenger states that "when additional growth stimulation is applied to certain deficient children at the right
time, before they have attained facial growth, material
changes in the contour of the face can be brought about
without the application of surgical appliances." In Europe a diet composed primarily of raw foods was
employed in the treatment of dis ease as early as the latter part
of the nineteenth century. At that time the "Jungborn" a health resort located in the Hartz mountain region between
Isenburg and Hartzburg of Germany, was opened. The
director of this institution was Adolph Just, a philosopher and
naturalist, who concluded from his observations of wild and
domestic animal life that only raw foods were capable of building the health, strength, and vigor that are normal in
nature. At his resort, Mr. Just provided sun and air baths,
special water baths, and earth compresses as treatment in
addition to raw foods. The diet consisted in the main of fruits, berries, nuts, and milk in the uncooked state. In 1896, Mr. Just issued a number of case history records
illustrating the results of his raw food and natural treatment therapy. Among the diseases reported cured or benefited were
inflammatory rheumatism, consumption of the spinal cord,
tuberculosis of the bones, dropsy, incipient dropsy, fistula of
the rectum, cancer, nervous sp asms, deaf


 be had and old age and death can be deferred only as long as body wastes are kept at a minimum an d
fresh, vital material of the first order is supplied for growth and repair of the body. Colonic cleanliness is of tremendous
importance to general health. When the colon be -comes polluted with stagnating waste and its tissue becomes damaged by
abrasions and infective ulcerations, the end products of poor digestion, lowered metabolism and putrefactive fermentation waste
find easy entrance into the blood, lymph and other body fluids. Beside the morbid conditions already mentioned, one must
consider the comm on and in -creasing prevalence of diseases of the colon, sigmoid flexure, rectum and anus; diverticulitis, colitis,
hemorrhoids, fistulae, fissures and malignancies. These diseases are so serious and are becoming so prevalent that they have
created an army of rectal surgeons, colonic irrigators, etc. COLONIC EXPERIENCE
The benefits of colonic therapy were introduced to me by Dr. George E. Crowie of Los Angeles, California. He believes that th e
colon is the most important organ of the human body. The sanitar y and active conditions of the colon predispose the body to good
health. It was years ago that I went to New York and took up special work with a colonic specialist who had written a book
showing that he had put the colon tube completely up the descending colon across the transverse colon, down the ascending colon
and had it touching the appendix. I saw this in X -rays and felt as though I would like to study with this man in some of the colonic
work he was giving. He had me do a good deal of this colonic wo rk over a period of a month in his office and I noticed that people
who ate certain kinds of food always had a certain kind of a bowel movement. Those who had the natural fiber foods in the bow el
always had a well -formed stool and it seemed to pass along f airly well. However, there were very few well or healthy people who
came in for these colonics. These people were living on “civilized” foods. One of the things we noticed most was that those p eople
who had a lot of bread were the ones who really had the p oorest colon conditions. They were the ones who, when X -rayed, had the
most diverticula. We came to the conclusion that anyone taking bread or any of the refined floured products must use a fiber as
found from vegetables along with it. To this day, we have  followed that program because we saw so many great changes in the
elimination of toxic material by colonics when people used vegetable fillings and plenty of them along with their sandwiches. Today, I believe that no one should eat sandwiches or have any refined carbohydrates of any kind unless they have plenty of fiber
material to move it along. Now in many cases I think if we took the natural cereals and natural materials in the very beginni ng, we
wouldn’t develop many of these colon troubles. Of course,  we can’t tell the average person this, they have to find it out the hard
way. Normal, healthy tissue cannot exist where diverticula exist. We have come to the conclusion that all breadstuffs made of refi ned
flours should be kept out of the body - that means all bread, cakes, pies and Pastry. We teach people to use the four cereals t hat are
so neglected in the diet; millet, rye, yellow cornmeal and brown rice. They must be whole and natural as God gave them to us so
that we might have enough roughage to keep our bowel in good tone. Diverticulosis has increased tremendously and I belie ve that
it is one of the greatest problems for the gastro -intestinal specialist to take care of today. The following clipping is from the Daily News Service, 1981:
CANCER RISK FOR WOMEN
A new study by University of San Francisco medical researchers has re vived a turn -of-the-century idea that toxic substances
produced in the bowel can have damaging health effects. The study’s findings also support recent suggestions of a link betwee n a
diet high in fat and low in fiber and an increased risk of developing br east cancer. The study of 1,481 non -nursing women showed
that those who are severely constipated tend to have abnormal cells in the fluid extracted from their breasts. Such cells hav e been
found in women with breast cancer and, the researchers suggested, m ay indicate that the women face an increased risk of
developing cancer. The cellular abnormalities occurred five times as often in women who moved their bowels fewer than three
times a week than in women who did so more than once a day. Chronic constipatio n is often the result of a diet high in protein,
fat and refined carbohydrates (sugars and refined flour) but low in such fibrous foods as whole grains, fruits and vegetables. In past
years, we have taken care of many chronic cases; we have seen remission through natural means, and it has been through cleansing
of the bowel to which I attribute my success in these cases. We do not take care of any cancer cases, nor do we treat or coun sel
cancer patients. We do, however, advise these people to be under the c are of a medical doctor. The medical doctors are equipped to
take care of these extreme cases; and there are many who are now looking at the wholistic view in caring for the colon. CHAPTER 4
CONSTIPATION
This is a subject that everyone talks about, usuall y experiences, and spends a good deal of money trying to overcome or avoid. Last year, laxative sales were conservatively placed at $350 million. Now that’s a lot of constipation! What’s going on here? Over
70 million Americans suffer from bowel problems. The number 2 cause of death in the United States is cancer. Of these, 100,000
give up their lives every year due to cancer of the colon. Here is a quote from the American Cancer Society, “Evidence in rec ent
years suggests that most bowel cancer is caused b y environmental agents. Some scientists believe that a diet high in beef and/or
low in fiber is the cause.” Colon problems such as colitis, ileitis and diverticulitis affect a conservative number of two mi llion
people. The medical profession reports that “ Despite decades of research in these diseases, their cause and cure for the most part is
still unknown.” Colostomy is a surgical procedure whereby the intestine is severed from the colon due to that organ’s functio nal
breakdown. The colostomized individual  is then faced with the lifetime elimination of feces through an opening in their side into
an attached pouch. There are 100,000 people who undergo this radical approach each year. Needless to say, bowel difficulties such
as autointoxication and constipati on are a growing concern to almost everyone. Out of these two conditions, which are actually
symptoms of an -other problem, come a plethora of evils that are ruinous in their consequences. Constipation is a clogging up of
the large intestine. It occurs in s everal ways. One of these is by a natural building up of the irritated mucus membrane and bowel
wall to such an extent that feces can hardly pass through. One autopsy revealed a colon to be 9 inches in diameter with a pas sage
through it no larger than a pe ncil! The rest was caked up layer upon layer of encrusted fecal material. This accumulation can have
the consistency of truck tire rubber. It’s that hard and black. Another autopsy revealed a stagnant colon to weigh in at an i ncredible
40 pounds! Imagine c arrying around all that morbid accumulated waste. When the bowel is that dirty, it can harbor an amazing variety of very harmful bacteria and parasites. It’s interesting to no te that
worms outrank cancer as man’s deadliest enemy on a world -wide basis! It is estimated that 200 million people are infected by
these intestinal parasites. These worms range in size from microscopic single -celled animals to 20 -ft-long tapeworms! These
parasites kill more people annually than does cancer. One in four people in the  world today is infected by roundworms. The U.S. is
not immune to these parasites, as the number of cases has increased in the past few years. The need for bowel sanitation and
cleanliness has been sadly neglected for some time now. Bowel movements every t wo to three days are considered normal and
acceptable. We of the wholistic, nature -cure professions, know better. Our experiences prove beyond a doubt that poor bowel
condition is the source for many, many disorders in the body. Recently medical researcher s in African countries have had a first -
hand opportunity to verify these beliefs. Both British and South African medical scientists strongly insist that what is usually referred to as “regularity” may be a m atter of
life and death. Insufficient numbers of  bowel movements and too little fiber and bulk in the feces may often explain the existence
of gall bladder disorders, heart problems, varicose veins, appendicitis, clotting in deep veins, hiatal hernia, diverticulosi s, arthritis
and cancer of the colon. T his complete turn -around in medical orientation comes from top -notch surgeons and biochemists. In less
than a century, there has occurred an incredible increase in certain diseases which these researchers have attempted to expla in by
comparing Africans liv ing under tribal conditions and people living under the conditions


 diminishing others. It is, of course, only the
beginning of the ego's many misperceptions. However, as your awareness increases and the ego is no longer running
your life, you don't have to wait for your world to shrink or collapse
trough old age or personal tragedy in order for you to awaken to your
inner purpose. As the new consciousness is beginning to emer ge on the planet an
increasing number of people no longer need to be shaken to have an
awakening. They embrace the awakening process voluntarily even while
still engaged in the outward cycle of growth and expansion. When that
cycle is no longer usurped by the ego, the spiritual dimension will come
into this world through the outward movement thought, speech, action,
creation as powerfully as through the return movement stillness, Being,
and dissolution of form. Until now, human intelligence, which is no more than a minute aspect of
universal intelligence, has been distorted and misused by the ego. I call
that intelligence n the service of madness. Splitting the atom requires
great intelligence. Using that intelligence for building and stockpiling
atom bombs is insane or at best extremely unintelligent. Stupidity is
relatively harmless, but intelligent stupidity is highly dangerous. Thisintelligent stupidity, for which one could find countless obvious
examples, is threatening our survival as a species. W ithout he impairment of egoic dysfunction, our intelligence comes into
full alignment with the outgoing cycle of universal intelligence and its
impulse to create. W e become conscious participants in the creation of
form. It is not we who create, but universal intelligence that creates
through us. W e don't identify with what we create and so don't lose
ourselves in what we do. W e are learning that the act of creation may
involve ener gy of the highest intensity, but that is not hard work or
stressful. W e need to understand the dif ference between stress and
intensity, as we shall see. Struggle or stress is a sign that he ego has
returned, as are negative reactions when we encounter obstacles. The force behind the ego's wanting creates enemies, that is to say,
reaction in the form of an opposing force equal in intensity. The stronger
the ego, the stronger the sense of separateness between people. The only
actions
that do not cause opposing reactions are those that are aimed at the good
of all. They are inclusive, not exclusive. They join; they don't separate. They are not for my country but for all of humanity, not for my religion
but the emer gence of consciousness in all human beings, not for my
species but for all sentient beings and all of nature. W e are also learning that action, although necessary, is only a secondary
factor in manifesting our external reality. The primary factor in creation
is consciousness. No matter how active we are, how much ef fort we
make, our state of consciousness creates our world, and if there is no
change on that inner level, no amount of action will make any dif ference. W e would only re?create modified versions of the same world again and
again, a world that is an external reflection of the ego.A New Earth
C O N S C I O U S N E S S
Consciousness is already conscious. It is the unmanifested, the eternal. the universe, however, is only gradually becoming conscious. Consciousness itself is timeless and therefore does not evolve. It was
never born and does not die. When consciousness becomes the
manifested universe, it appears to be subject to time and to under go an
evolutionary process. No human mind is capable of comprehending fully
the reason for this process. But we can glimpse it within ourselves and
become a conscious participant in it. Consciousness is the intelligence, the or ganizing principle behind the
arising of form. Consciousness has been preparing forms for millions of
years so that it can express itself through them in the manifested. Although the unmanifested realm of pure consciousness could be
considered another dimension, it is not separate from this dimension of
form. Form and formlessness interpenetrate. the unmanifested flows into
this dimension as awareness, inner space, presence. How does it do that? Through the human form that becomes conscious and thus fulfills its
destiny. The human form was created for this higher purpose, and
millions of other forms prepared the ground for it. Consciousness incarnates into the manifested dimension, that is to say, it
becomes form. When it does so, it enters a dreamlike state. Intelligence
dreams, but consciousness becomes unconscious of itself. It loses itself
in form, becomes identified with form. This could be describe as the
descent of
the divine into matter. At that stage in the evolution of the universe, the
entire outgoing movement takes place in that dreamlike state. Glimpses
of awakening come only at the moment of the dissolution of an
individual form, that is to say, death. And then begins the next
incarnation, the next identification with form, the next individual dream
that is part of the collective dream. When the lion tears apart the body of
the zebra, the consciousness that incarnated into the zebra?form detachesitself from the dissolving form and for a brief moment awakens to its
essential immortal nature as consciousness; and then immediately falls
back into sleep and reincarnates into another form. When the lion
becomes old and cannot hunt anymore, as it draws its last breath, there is
again the briefest of glimpses of an awakening, followed by another
dream of form. On our planet, the human ego represents the final stage of universal
sleep, the identification of consciousness with form. It was a necessary
stage in the evolution of consciousness. The human brain is a highly dif ferentiated form through which
consciousness enters this dimension. It contains approximately one
hundred billion nerve cells (called neurons), about the same number as
there are stars in our galaxy, which could be seen as a macrocosmic
brain. The brain does not create consciousness, but consciousness
created the brain, the most complex physical form on earth, for its
expression. When the brain gets damaged, it does not mean you lose
consciousness. It means consciousness can no longer use that form to
enter this dimension. Y ou cannot lose consciousness because it is, in
essence, who you are. Y ou can only lose something that you have, but
you cannot lose something that you are.A New Earth
A W A K E N E D  D O I N G
A wakened doing is the outer aspect of the next stage in the evolution of
consciousness on our planet. The closer we get to the end of our present
evolutionary stage, the more dysfunctional the ego becomes, in the same
way that a caterpillar becomes dysfunctional just before it transforms
into a butterfly. But the new consciousness is arising even as the old
dissolves. W e are in the midst of a momentous event in the evolution of human
consciousness, but they won't be talking about it in the news tonight. On
our planet, and perhaps simultaneously in many parts of our galaxy and
beyond,
consciousness is awakening from the dream of form. This does not mean
all forms (the world) are going to dissolve, although quite a few almost
certainly will. It means consciousness can now begin to create form
without losing itself in it. It can remain conscious of itself, even while it
creates and experiences form. Why should it continue to create and
experience form? For the enjoyment of it. How does consciousness do
that? Through awakened humans who have learned the meaning of
awakened doing. A wakened doing is the alignment of your outer purpose? what you do
with your inner purpose awakening and staying awake. Through
awakened doing, you become one with the outgoing purpose of the
universe. Consciousness flows through you into this world. It flows into
your thoughts and inspires them. It flows into what you do and guides
and empowers it. Not what you do, but how you do what you do determines whether you
are fulfilling your destiny. And how you do what you do is determined
by your state of consciousness. A reversal of your priorities comes about when the main purpose for
doing what you do becomes the doing itself, or rather, the current ofconsciousness that flows into what you do. That current of consciousness
is what determines quality. Another way of putting it: In any situation
and in whatever you do, your state of consciousness is the primary
factor; the situation and what you do is secondary. Future success is
dependent upon and inseparable from the consciousness out of which the
actions emanate. That can be either the reactive force of the ego or the
alert attention of awakened consciousness. All truly successful action
comes out of that field of alert attention, rather than from ego and
conditioned, unconscious thinking.A New Earth
T H E  T H R E E  M O D A L I T I E S  O F  A W A K E N E D
D O I N G
There are three ways in which consciousness can flow into what you do
and thus through you into this world, three modalities in which you can
align your life with the creative power of the universe. Modality means
the underlying ener gy?frequency that flows into what you do and
connects your actions with the awakened consciousness hat is emer ging
into this world. What you do will be dysfunctional and of the ego unless
it


 white flour products. Some whole wheat
bread is made from whole wheat flour which is bleached with
about four times the quantity of chemical bleaching agents as
are used for ordinary white flour. This renders the bread unfit
for human consumption, just as it renders it unfit for infestation
by vermin. When bread containing bleached whole wheat flour
is fed to experimental animals, the animals actually die more
rapidly than when given ordinary white bread. But the situation is not without hope. While the general
milling and baking industry of this country follows the line of
campletely refined and bleached grains products, every individual
miller has not done so. There still do exist sources of genuine
whole grain flour, and natural food outlets still sell some bakery
products made entirely from wholesome ingredients. Whole
brown rice, whole wheat and rye kernels, and other whole grains
are available. Flour may be freshly ground in the home with the
aid of small hand-operated or motor-driven flour mills. Whole
grains may also be allowed to sprout and used effectively in their
uncooked state. Whole grain products may thus be prepared in
the home with little loss of time and important gains in the
quality of the dietary. In view of the fact that nearly one-third of the American diet
is composed of products made from refined grain, the cumula-
tive effects of these foods on the state of health must be one of
great consequence. Unfortunately such effects are now on the
detrimental side rather than helpful. By using only whole grain
flour and whole grain products, and consuming as much of the DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
food as possible in its uncooked state, together with liberal t
amounts of raw sprouted grain, the effects of grain will be turned I
in the opposite direction. The body will be given adequate nour-
ishment and a much greater immunity to disease may be expected. The food which now constitutes a virtual staff of death may then
be looked upon as the real staff of life. IV Refined Swgar
s UGAR IS A CHEMICAL COMPOUND
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. As the source of the elements
and methods of sugar synthesis differ, the various forms of sugar
are classified: dextrose, found in fruits and honey; fructose or
levulose, also found in fruits and honey; lactose, found in milk;
sucrose, found in maple sap and sugar cane, and glucose, formed
by the action of sulphuric acid on starch. The value of sugar in human nutrition is based entirely upon
its calorie content, and thus the food constituent is useful to
supply energy and fuel to the body. As found in nature it is com-
bined with a wide variety of minerals, vitamins, and other nutri-
tional factors. Foods rich in sugar are hence of great importance. The sugar itself supplies an important physiological need, and
its combination with other important vitalizing factors provides
the body with an important source of nutriment. In the earliest of times the chief sources of sugar were honey
and ripe fruit. Sugar cane grew in Asia and was perhaps a food
of the natives. In the thirteenth century sugar cane was intro-
duced into Europe and became the chief source of sugar to the
people of that continent. By the eighteenth century the sugar
cane industry commenced to develop in America, and in the
following century sugar was extracted from sugar beets in both
Europe and America. By this time advanced mechanical methods
had been developed to separate the sugar from the remainder of
the plant. The end-product then was brown sugar, which still
possessed some flavor and a very small percentage of the minerals DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
and vitamins originally present in the plant. This material was
made on the sugar cane plantation and then shipped directly to
the retail outlets and consumers. Toward the close of the nineteenth century came the devel-
opment of the modern refinery. This carried the sugar cane
through the ultimate and complete state of refinement, after
which the remaining product was of a pure-white color and over
99 per cent pure carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The last traces
of minerals and vitamins had now been removed. This final phase of sugar refining completely revolutionized
the industry and was accomplished in a single year through a
clever advertising ruse. The advertising was done by the refiner,
not the plantation, and the purpose was to insure that all sugar
produced was shipped to the modern refinery prior to the con-
sumer, and thus provide the refiner with a profit on all sugar
produced. In 1898 many important newspapers and magazines
in America carried advertisements displaying the picture, magni-
fied zoo times, of a dreadful looking creature described in appear-
ance as a cross between a lizard and a louse. This was said to be
the "disgusting insect7' (producing "disgusting diseases") which
was found in brown sugar. Needless to say, the resulting horror
that spread among housewives was sufficient to all but wipe out
the sale of brown sugar throughout the nation. The total process of refining sugar is a long and complicated
procedure. The beets are sliced, then treated with very hot water
until all the sugar is extracted in the form of diffusion juice. Lime
is then added, and carbonic acid derived from a lime kiln is blown
through it until the lime is converted into a carbonate which
carries away the mineral elements and other "impurities" of the
juice. The juice is passed through the filter press, then evaporated,
and finally bleached with bone-black to give it a pure white color. Cane sugar goes through an even more elaborate process. After
the juice is extracted it is mixed with lime and often subjected to
the fumes of burning sulphur. Salts of tin or bluing are used in
washing the sugar in a centrifugal, and the various forms of acid
phosphates are frequently employed in clarifying the cane juices. [ 26 I REFINED SUGAR
Bone-black is again used for bleaching, and evaporation follows. The remaining solids are white sugar, which is later granulated. The finished product is more than 99 per cent sugar. It is an
unbalanced food, completely devoid of all minerals, vitamins,
and other accessory nutrients normally found in natural foods. One of the single disadvantages of white sugar lies
in its damaging effects upon the teeth. When sugar ferments in
the mouth, certain acids arise which are an ideal medium for the
lactobacillus micro-organism, which is known to be destructive
to tooth enamel. When the sugar is combined with other food
factors, as are found in natural foods, the bacterial tendency to
destroy enamel appears to be lessened or eliminated altogether. The harmful bacteria need free sugar in which to live. This is
ideally supplied in refined form, but not in natural form. There
are no pure sugars found in nature. Our natural high-sugar foods
normally contain an assortment of enzymes, vitamins, and other
activators and nutritive factors which tend to prevent the pres-
ence of free sugar in the mouth fluids. Thus people who use
considerable quantities of raw sugar cane and other natural car-
bohydrate foods may have excellent teeth, whereas those using
the refined product often suffer from dental decay in its worst
forms. This is born out by important experiments. At the University
of Michigan School of Dentistry, Dr. Philip Jay placed fifty
children on a diet rich in candy and other high-sugar foods. The
control group included 120 children who used a diet low in
refined sugar content. Within five months clinical evidence
of dental caries appeared in 44 per cent of the first group, com-
pared to the presence of caries in only 13 per cent when the
experiment started. The lactobacillus count increased an average
of 80 per cent in the children and then rapidly dropped when
the experiment was over and less sugar consumed. In the control
group, the lactobacillus count increased only 28 per cent. Dr. Herman Becks, professor of dental medicine at the Uni-
versity of California, conducted two separate five-year studies on
the relationship of refined sugar in the diet to dental decay. DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
Altogether, 1,542 individuals were observed for a full year after
they eliminated all products containing refined sugar from their
diet. Some of the subjects suffered severely from dental decay
prior to the dietary restriction, but improvement was rapid and
consistent in almost all cases. In the first study, from 1938 to
1943, 62 per cent of the subjects developed no caries for the year
after the dietary change; in the later studies, from 1943 to 1948,
even greater improvement was noted, and fully 81 per cent
remained caries-free during the year-long observation period. A
marked drop in the lactobacillus count was registered within
two to three weeks after the dietary restrictions went into effect. In 1934, Doehne, Bunting, and Morrel studied a group of 169
orphanage children, from seven to sixteen years of age who had
lived for several years on a low-sugar institutional diet. Although
many of the children had open cavities formed prior to their
coming to the institution, there was a remarkably low incidence
of active dental caries. Seventy to eighty per cent of the children
had no new caries over a period of several


roductive Number of the Lyme Disease Vector Ixodes Scapularis.”
Environmental Health Perspectives  122, no. 6 (2014): 631–638. Ohsumi, Yoshinori. Nobel Prize banquet speech. Stockholm, December 10,
2016. Available at https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2016/ohsumi/
speech. O’Rourke, Meghan. Sun in Days: Poems. New York: W. W. Norton, 2017. Patanjali. Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. Calcutta: Susil Gupta, 1952. Phillips, Steven, and Dana Parish. Chronic: The Hidden Cause of the Autoimmune
Pandemic and How to Get Healthy Again. New York: Houghton Mifflin Har -
court, 2020. Pollan, Michael. In Defense of Food: An Eater’s Manifesto. New York: Penguin
Press, 2008. ———. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York:
Penguin Press, 2006.ST ARVING TO HEAL IN SIBERIA | 37
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Pormann, Peter E. The Cambridge Companion to Hippocrates. Cambridge: Cam -
bridge University Press, 2018. Romm, Joseph. Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2015. Rumi. The Analects of Rumi. Edited by Ak ṣapāda. N.p. : independently pub -
lished, 2019. ———. The Essential Rumi. T ranslated by Coleman Barks. New York: Harper
Collins, 2004. ———. The Rumi Collection. Edited by Kabir Helminski. London: Shambhala,
2012. ———. A Year with Rumi. Edited by Coleman Barks. New York: Harper Col -
lins, 2006. Shelton, Herbert. Fasting Can Save Your Life. Tampa: American Natural Hygiene
Society, 1978. ———. The Science and Fine Arts of Fasting. Mansfield Centre, CT: Martino,
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Responses for Successful Brain Ageing.” Nature  492, no. 7427 (2012): 209–216. Tan, Amy. The Opposite of Fate: A Book of Musings. New York: G. P. Putnam’s
Sons, 2003. The Upanishads. T ranslated by Eknath Easwaran. T omales, CA: Blue Mountain
Center of Meditation, 2007.
van der Kolk, Bessel. The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the
Healing of Trauma. New York: Penguin Books, 2014. Versini, Mathilde, Pierre-Yves Jeandel, Eric Rosenthal, and Yehuda Shoenfeld. “Obesity in Autoimmune Diseases: Not a Passive Bystander.” Autoimmunity
Reviews  13, no. 9 (2014): 981–1000. Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. New York: Penguin Books, 2005.ST ARVING TO HEAL IN SIBERIA | 38
Copyrighted Material
William, Anthony. “T ruth about Fasting.” Medical Medium Blog, February 28,
2019. https://www.medicalmedium.com/blog/truth-about-fasting. Wim Hof Method. “Cold Therapy.” Accessed February 15, 2022. https://www. wimhofmethod.com/cold-therapy. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Philosophical Investigations. T ranslated by G. E. M. Ans -
combe. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. Woolf, Virginia. On Being Ill. Middletown, CT: Paris Press, 2012. Wu, Suzanne. “Fasting T riggers Stem Cell Regeneration of Damaged, Old
Immune System.” USC News, June 5, 2014. https://news.usc.edu/63669/
fasting-triggers-stem-cell-regeneration-of-damaged-old-immune-system.Copyrighted MaterialABOUT THE AUTHOR
MICHELLE SLA TER  is a scholar of comparative literature and pres -
ident of the educational nonprofit Mayapple Center for the Arts and
Humanities in Connecticut. She holds a Ph.D. in French literature
from Johns Hopkins University. Her long battle with and recovery from late-stage neurological Lyme
disease served as the genesis for this book. Debilitated by the disease to
the extent that she was no longer able to teach at her university or per -
form simple tasks she used to take for granted, Slater spent several years
pursuing every known treatment, from aggressive allopathic methods to
holistic remedies. When all failed to deliver recovery, she discovered Dr.
Sergey Filonov’s dry-fasting program and spent two months in Siberia
under his care. She recovered completely from Lyme disease, regaining
her memory and returning to researching, writing books, hiking, and
running. Since 2017, she has not experienced a single symptom.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>Summarize the following text section accurately and concisely. Maintain specific details and numerical information, and use anti-repetition mechanisms:

        MY RADICAL RECOVERY FROM LA TE-ST AGE
L YME DISEASE  AND HOW IT COULD HELP OTHERS
STARVING TO
HEAL
IN SIBERIA
MICHELLE B. SLATER, PH. D. BOOK GROUP PRESSGREENLEAFThis book is intended as a reference volume only, not as a medical manual. The information
given here is designed to help you make informed decisions about your health. It is not
intended as a substitute for any treatment that may have been prescribed by your doctor. If
you suspect that you have a medical problem, you should seek competent medical help. Y ou
should not begin a new health regimen without first consulting a medical professional. Published by Greenleaf Book Group Press
Austin, T exas
www. gbgpress. com
Copyright © 2022 Michelle B. Slater
All rights reserved. Thank you for purchasing an authorized edition of this book and for complying with
copyright law. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without written permission from the copyright holder. Distributed by Greenleaf Book Group
For ordering information or special discounts for bulk purchases, please contact Greenleaf
Book Group at PO Box 91869, Austin, TX  78709, 512. 891. 6100. Design and composition by Greenleaf Book Group
Cover design by Greenleaf Book Group
Cover Image: ©Shutterstock/Vitalii Matokha
Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to
reproduce copyrighted material:
Counterpoint Press and W endell Berry: Excerpt from “The Reassurer” from New Collected
Poems. Copyright © 1994 by W endell Berry. Reprinted with the permission of The
Permissions Company, LLC on behalf of Counterpoint Press, counterpointpress. com. Danna Faulds: From “ Allow, ” in Go In and In: Poems from the Heart of Y oga by Danna
Faulds. Copyright © 2002 by Danna Faulds. All rights reserved. Liveright/W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. : From “i thank Y ou God for most this
amazing, ” in Complete Poems, 1904–1962  by E. E. Cummings. Copyright © 1997 by
E.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>
Q: What is the purpose of the book?,
A: The book is intended as a reference volume to help readers make informed decisions about their health, but it is not a substitute for medical treatment.
Q: Who is the author of the book?,
A: The author is Michelle B. Slater, Ph.D.
Q: What is the author's educational background?,
A: The author holds a Ph.D. in French literature from Johns Hopkins University.
Q: What is the author's experience with Lyme disease?,
A: The author spent several years trying various treatments for Lyme disease, including allopathic and holistic methods, but did not recover until she discovered Dr. Sergey Filonov's dry-fasting program and spent two months in Siberia under his care.
Q: What is the purpose of the "Miche's Garlic Broth" recipe?,
A: The recipe is a nourishing soup for the body, and it is not intended to be used as a substitute for medical treatment.
Q: What is the author's current state after recovering from Lyme disease?,
A: The author has not experienced a single symptom since 2017 and has been able to return to her normal activities, including researching, writing, hiking, and running.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>7/29/13 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200251h.html#toc 1/250
Project
Gutenberg
Australia
a treasure-
trove of
literature
treasure found
hidden with no
evidence of
ownership

Title: Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
Author: Weston A. Price
* A Project Gutenberg of Australia eBook *
eBook No.


 were any significant
electro-metrics of the embryo. Potential measurements were
made, therefore, in the embryo from a point in the cephalic
region, and another in the caudal region. These were studied over
periods of time and showed characteristic changes with the
growth and differentiating of the embryo itself. It soon became clear that there is an electro-metric correlate of
the longitudinal axis of the salamander nervous system. There
is also a bilateral symmetry between the right side and the left
side of the axis, as might be expected from everything else we
know about the developing organism. To run down this problem a little further, measurements were
made of the unfertilized egg of a salamander, using the animal
62 THE UBIQUITOUS FIELD
pole as a reference point, and a moving electrode around the
equator of the egg in the four quadrants of the development. It is
well known, of course, that the salamander egg at this stage is a
sphere, showing little or no differentiation grossly except the
difference between the animal and vegital pole. But there is no
differentiation, so far as can be observed, in the quadrants of
the sphere. Measurements were made, therefore, in the unfertil
ized egg between the north, or animal pole, and four points on
the equator. It was found from these measurements that there was one point
on the equator which showed a marked increase in the voltage
drop between the reference electrode and the point. The latter
was marked with a spot of Nile blue sulphate so that it could be
followed through the subsequent period of development. It was
found-as our theory had suggested-that the point on the
equator which marked the greatest voltage drop from the animal
pole marked the head end of the developing salamander. A longitudinal axis of the developing nervous system was then
established in the unfertilized egg. This maintained itself
throughout the succeeding growth period and, surprisingly
enough, there was no significant change in the electro-metrics of
the unfertilized egg after fert ilization. This is astonishing, because fertilization is supposed to be a
critical point in development. But apparently-in the sala
mander, at least-the electric field properties of the egg are
established quite independently not only of the fact of fertiliza
tion but also of the plane of ingress of the sperm head into the
egg. This suggests, at once, that the design of the living embryo
is an electro-metric correlate which can be recorded objectively
during the process of growth and development and turns out to
be one of the constant factors during this whole process of
developme nt. One of the strange things about developmrnt that has always
been known is the extraordinary constancy in which the direc
tion of development moves. As a distinguished friend of mine
once said, 'The growth and developm ent of an embryo would
seem to be the result of the fact that some kind of a factor sits
on the embryo during its �ntire development and gives direction
63 THE UBIQUI TOUS FIELD
to it.' From the evidence at hand, up to date, it would seem
fairly obvious that the one constant factor in growth and develop
ment-which include not only the increase in the numbers of
cells, but also their differentia tion-is the field of the organism. All these measurement s were made using silver-silver chloride
electrodes immersed in micropipettes and connected to the high
input impedance of a suitable amplifier with a galvanometer or
a recording galvanometer in the output. At the suggestion of
one of my early colleagues, Dr. Leslie F. Nims, now at Brook
haven Laboratories, on Long Island, it was noticed that as the
micropipette electrodes were pulled away from the surface of the
embryo, a voltage gradient could still be recorded. In fact, drop
off of voltage gradient carried on as far as one or one and a half
millimetres from the embryo. This is truly extraordinary, for it makes it clear that the field
properties of the embryo radiate through the medium of the
liquid environment in which the embryo lives. Now this could occur only if the source of these potential
gradients was the result of field activity. As a matter of fact, if
one stops to think about it, if one puts a battery of any kind in a
conducting medium, the battery very soon is exhausted, since
the external medium acts as a low resistance shunt across the
positive and negative poles of the battery. But in the embryo,
although we have the same kind of voltage gradient as is present
in the battery-at least so far as the measurable characteristics
are concerned-nevertheless the field properties of the embryo
do not short out in the liquid. These experiment s led to a further analysis of the field proper
ties. It was suggested that if an embryo were rotated mechanic
ally underneath two micropipette electrodes, there should be a
constant rise and fall in voltage gradient as the head and tail axis
of the embryo passed underneath the micropipette electrode. This experiment was set up with a mechanic ally revolving stage
on which was placed a half-grown salamander embryo and the
recorded output of the high input impedance amplifier trans
mitted to a G-E photoelectric recording galvanometer. The result was extraordinary, for there was a sine wave out
put from the revolving embryo, the frequenc y of which, of
64 THE UBIQUITOUS FIELD
course, was a function of the speed with which the embryo
revolved. Moreover, it was clear that the field axis was a constant
to the whole procedure and resulted in a very interesting sine
wave output from the embryo itself. This meant, too, that the
micropipette electrodes were recording voltage gradients well
away from the embryo itself. As a control, an inert glass rod was revolved under the same
experimental conditions and produced a straight line on the
recording galvanometer. To make a further check, a 'robot' was
made of a piece of copper rod with a blob of solder at one end. Such a rod, under normal conditions, prod uces a voltage gradient,
because of the bi-metallic components. This also was revolved in
the same way as the embryo and produced the same kind of sine
wave, the only difference being that, in time, the bi-metallic
chemical voltage gradient decreased. Similar experiments were made with a full-grown salamander
floated in a circular dish of salt solution in which, at opposite
ends of a diameter, were immersed the electrodes, connected to a
recording galvanometer. The dish was then slowly rotated and, since the salamander
possessed a field with a positive and negative pole, it acted like
the armature of an electrical generator. In consequence, as it
rotated between the electrodes, it set up a tiny alternating
cnrrent of very low frequency, which was recorded as a true sine
wave. One day, perhaps, some enterprising experimenter will float a
man or a woman in a rotating swimming-pool to demonstrate
that there really is such a thing as a 'human dynamo'! But the
author's laboratory offered neither space nor facilities for such
an experiment. 3
The experiments described above made it clear that, using proper
electro-m etric techniques, recorded voltage gradients without
current drain from the system measured are a valid expression
of the basic, primary electro-dynamic field. Since the experiments
65 THE UBI QU ITOUS FIELD
also indicated that direct contact with the living organism was
not necessary to measure a volt-age gradient, a rigorously-con
trolled experiment was set up, using the sciatic nerve of a frog,
with the help of another colieague, Dr. Alexander Mauro, now
at the Rockefeller Institute in New York. This experiment was
designed to explore the field properties of a small part of a living
system. The beaut ifully-precise formulation by Lorente de N6 of fields
in an infinite-volume conductor accompanying the neural im
pulse, travelling along the sciatic nerve of the frog, demanded
that a search be made for experimental evidence of the existence
of a quasi-elec trostatic field in the air surrounding a nerve
trunk. A preliminary report of such a study is here presented. The
existence of an electro-static field has been demonstrated. How
ever, an analysis of the nature of this field is far from complete
and much further study will be required. By an ingenious technique developed by Dr. Mauro, the re
sults of the activity of the sciatic nerve of the frog were studied,
using a thousand-megohm input-impedance preamplifier, fol
lowed by suitable amplifiers with an output to a cathode-ray tube. It was possible to study the transmission of a single stimulus
throughout the substance of the segment of the nerve under
study, not only when the electrcdes were in direct contact, but
also when they were at a measurable distance outside the nerve. The evidence resulting from these experiments gives further
enlightenment as to the nature of the field irrliving systems. It is
becoming increasingly clear that these fields are in fact quasi
electro-static fields. Originally, the term 'electro-dyn amic field'
was used to describe, in the most general way, the nature of the
fields in living organisms, but it is now possible to give a more