 272
The Walls of the Vagina 273
The Cervix 274
Love Muscle 274
Sexual Response Cycle 274
Chapter 18: SUMMARY OF THE SEVEN STAGES OF TAOIST
ESOTERIC YOGA 277
The Small Heavenly Cycle (Microcosmic) 277
The Tongue is a Switch of the Circuit 279
The Seven Esoteric Formulas of the Seven Books of
the Tao 279
First Formula: Fusion of the Five Elements 279
Second Formula: Lesser Enlightenment of Kan and
Li 280
Third Formula: Greater Enlightenment of Kan and Li
282
Fourth Formula: Greatest Enlightenment of Kan and
Li 283
Fifth Formula: Sealing of the Five Sense Organs.. 283
Sixth Formula: Congress of Heaven and Earth
Immortality 284
Seventh Formula: Reunion of Heaven and Man. True
Immortal Man 285ABOUT THE AUTHOR — Mantak Chia
The author of this book, Mantak Chia, was born in Thailand
on April 4,1944. When he was six or seven years of age he learned to
"sit and still the mind" from Buddhist monks while on a summer
vacation. This is not to say that he was passive and quiet as a child. In fact, he excelled in track and field events during his grammar
school days in Hong Kong. It was during that time that he learned
the traditional Thai Boxing and met Master Lu, who taught him Tai
Chi Chuan. Shortly thereafter, Master Lu introduced him to
Aikido, Yoga and more Tai Chi. His knowledge of esoteric practice
did not begin, however, until he was eighteen and he had returned to
Thailand. It was at that time that a senior classmate, Cheng Sue Sue,
a student of Yi-Eng, taught him the level of Tao Esoteric practice up
to the Reunion of Man and Heaven. When he was in his twenties, Master Chia studied with Master
Meugi in Singapore, who taught him Kundalini Yoga and the Bud-
dhist Palm. With the Buddhist Palm, he was soon able to eliminate
blockages of flow of life-force in his internal organs and to drive
cold, wet or sick energy out of patients who came to see his Master,
thereby restoring them to health. The young Mantak Chia felt, how-
ever, that Kundalini Yoga produced too much heat and could be
dangerous and so he later combined it with elements of Taoist prac-
tice, which had cooling effects. Later, in his twenties, he met and studied with Master Pan
Yu, who had created a synthesis out of Taoist, Buddhist and
Ch'an teaching, and Master Cheng Yao-Lung, who had also cre-
ated a new system by combining Thai Boxing and Kung Fu. From
Master Cheng Yao-Lung, he learned the Shao-Lin secret method
of internal power as well as the Iron Shirt method called "Cleans-
ing the Marrow and Renewal of the Tendon". From Master Pan
Yu, he learned a variation of Kundalini and the "steel body", a
technique that is said to keep the body from decay. Master Pan Yu
still lives and practices in Hong Kong, where he treats patients by
transmitting his life-force to them. To better understand the
mechanism behind the healing energy, Chia also studied Western
medical science and anatomy for two years. Yet, with all of these achievements, Master Chia was the man-
ager of the Gestetner Company in Thailand, was in charge of sales
of offset machines and was well acquainted with the working of
the company's copying and printing machines. He may well be theonly Taoist master in the world with a computer in his living room. He is also married and has a son. His wife Maneewan works as a
medical technician. He is, in short, living proof that his practice is
very much down-to-earth, striving to enhance everyday life and
not requiring retreat from society to a hermit's life. The main thrust of Chia's intention is to strip away the mys-
ticism, the mumbo-jumbo, the powers vested in the Guru, the re-
liance on things-other-worldly or magical. He seeks to present, in-
stead, a fully predictable working model that might be considered
as a scientific means of dealing with energy systems. In time, he
hopes this will lead to technological developments that might serve
to simplify or speed the means whereby such progress might be
made. It is with such hopes that he beckons members of the
medical community to investigate what he has to offer. There are
already physicians and lawyers and computer programmers, who
have experienced, first hand, the benefits that Master Chia's meth-
ods provide. It is up to them and others in the scientific commun-
ity to join Master Chia in his lifetime task of bridging the gap be-
tween reason and spirit, mind and body, science and religion.Mantak Chia,Universal Tao World Headquarters
274/1 Moo 7, Luang Nua, Doi Saket
Chiang Mai, 50220, Thailand
Tel: 66 53 495 596 Fax: 66 53 495 852
Email: universaltao@universal-tao.com
Website: www.universal-tao.com for information
on courses, orders of videos, books, cassettes, posters. U.S.A. Toll Free 888 444-7426
USA Instructors: HealingTaoUSA.com/instructors
Michael Winn, for a free newsletter, Healing Tao University
information, chi training retreats, www.HealingDao.com,
or call registrar 1-888 999-0555 Email: info@HealingDao.com,
To order books/videos/tapes, 1-888 750-1773
TAOINC
TRANSFORMATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR OFFENDERS
James Cappellano P.O. 471, Revere, MA 02151
Email: Taojching@msn.com Website: www.tao-inc.org
Teaching Healing Tao to perpetrators of violence, many of
whom are drug and alchohol abusers, addresses the seed
causes of crime and brutality. This invokes a deeper
understanding of life resulting in personal transformation to
a lifestyle of non- harming. It is an ideal self help method to
empower prisoners to help themselves within the confines
of prison. Books and letters sent have an exponential effect
with prisoners sharing the books and the benefits or their
practice with each other.TAO-Inc. provides: an interactive
newsletter for prisoners and instructors, a website, pen-pal
list, volunteer instructors and free books for inmates. For a
free copy of the newsletter please include a $.34 stamp with
your name and address. YOU CAN HELP SHARE THE BENEFITS OF HEALING TAO
This program is sustained through individual donations of
cash, office supplies and stamps. $1. $.34 & $.55 stamps are
consistently needed. TAO-Inc. is non-profit and tax exempt
under section 501 (C) (3) of the IRS code.INTRODUCTION
Taoist "Dual Cultivation" and
the Quest for Sexual Love
by Michael Winn
"What a pity! A mountain peak as tiny as one square inch has been
the source of great inspiration and misery for centuries." —Anonymous Chinese Poet on man's obsession with woman's sex. Thousands of books have been written attempting to help men and
women resolve the problems arising from the endless search for
sexually fulfilling love. What could possibly be written that is new? Taoist Secrets of Love is not just another flowery philosophi-
cal treatise on the ecstasies of oriental love. Rather it is a pragmatic
handbook that distills the secret teachings on sex of four different
living Taoist masters sought out by Mantak Chia during fifteen
years of travel and study in the Far East. As he put it, "I read a ton
of books telling me how great esoteric love-making was, but none
of them explained precisely how it was done. So I decided to write
it myself." Most books on Taoist sex fail to instruct on how to transform
sperm energy once it is held in, where to store sex energy in the
body, how to best exchange it with a woman, and give cursory
treatment to the retention of semen. Chia synthesized the ancient
Taoist practices into simple but powerful methods that can be
easily learned by western men. This first volume is directed pri-
marily at men, simply because most men are sexually weaker than
women and lose more energy through sex than women. A later
volume will describe the esoteric Taoist sexual practices for
women, which includes voluntary arrest of the menstrual flow. The sexual imbalance between men and women is obvious. A
woman can sexually receive her man for as long as she pleases, and
thus the Taoists say her yin essence is nearly inexhaustible. A
man's love making is limited to the amount of energy he has to
keep his erection. His yang essence is more easily tired. A woman
is sexually stronger than a man because biologically she needs tobe. Her reproductive organs must bear the strain of physically
producing children and nurturing them. The effects on men of this
primal biological inequality are profound, setting off a chain reac-
tion that can permeate male thinking and feeling on all levels, from
marriage to work to cultural roles we choose to play and to the
spiritual models we choose for our inner growth. At heart


In this chapter of the Tao Te Ching, you’re being advised to maintain a
sense of serenity regardless of what you may see taking place around you. Moreover, you’re being told that the true master knows that the ability to
stay calm is always located within. From this perspe ctive, there’ s no need to
assign responsibility to others for how you feel. Even though you may live
in a world where blame and faultfinding are endemic, you will own your
feelings and actions. You will know that circumstances don’t determine
your state of mind, for that power rests with you. When you maintain a
peaceful inner posture, even in the midst of chaos, you change your life. The wisdom of this verse of the Tao Te Ching prompts you to know that
you have a choice. Do you want to be in a state of confusion or to have a
tranquil inner landscape? It’s up to you! Armed with this insight, the Tao
master doesn’ t allow an external event to be a disturbance. Lao-tzu tells you
that assigning blame for your lack of calmness will never bring you to the
state of being that you’re striving to attain. Self-mastery only blossoms
when you practice being aware of, and responsible for, what you’re feeling. This particular part of the Tao Te Ching is one that you’ll probably want
to immerse yourself in repeatedly. After all, what could be better than the
freedom of going through life without feeling that people and circumstances
control you without your permission? Are you depressed? Irritated? Frustrated? Exhilarated? Ecstatically in love? Whatever your current state,
if you believe that a changing economic picture or a tapestry of events
taking place around you is responsible—and you then use these external
factors to explain your inner state of mind—you’ve lost touch with your
root. Why? Because you’re allowing yourself to be “blown to and fro” by
the shifting winds of circumstance. The solution for a life of unrest is choosing stillness. The quiet of the Tao
is oblivious to any turmoil in the world of the 10,000 things. Be like the
Tao, advises Lao-tzu: “The still is the master of unrest.” You have a choice
in every moment, so you can decide to be a host to God and carry around
with you the calmness that is the Tao, or you can be a hostage to your ego,which insists that you can’t really help feeling disorderly when you’re in
circumstances that resemble pandemonium. Here’ s what Lao-tzu offers to you in this profoundly simple passage, from
the profoundly simple life he chose 2,500 years before yours:
Vow to seek a calm inner r esponse to the cir cumstances of your life. In the midst of any kind of unrest—be it an argument, a traffic jam, a
monetary crisis, or anything at all—make the immediate decision that you
will find the calm center of yourself. By not thinking of what is taking
place, and instead taking a few deep breaths in which you opt to empty your
mind of judgments, it becomes impossible to mentally “flit about like a
fool.” You have the innate ability to choose calmness in the face of
situations that drive others to madness. Y our willingness to do so, especially
when chaos and anger have been your previous choices, puts you in touch
with “the maste r of unrest.” There was a time when I thought this was
impossible. Now  I know that even in the most troublesome of times, my
reaction is to choose stillness... the way of the T ao. Don’t lose touch with your r oot. With a written declaration or picture placed strategically in your home and
workplace, remind yourself that no one can make you 26th Verse lose touch
with your root without your consent. Affirm the following often: I have the
ability to stay poised and center ed, regardless of what goes befor e me. Then
vow to put this new way of being into practice the next time a situation of
unrest crops up. Do the mental work in advance and you’ll achieve the self-
mastery that Lao-tzu refers to in this verse. More significantly, you’ll be in
harmony with the Tao, which is your ultimate calling. Do the T ao Now
Sit in a quiet place and picture the one person with whom you have some
kind of long-sta nding conflict sitting there before you. Now say out loud,
directly to him or her, “I forgive you. I surround you with love and light,
and I do the same for myself.” This will put the message of the 26th verse
of the T ao Te Ching to work for you by bringing about a sense of calm. OceanofPDF.com27th Verse
A knower of the truth
travels without leaving a trace,
speaks without causing harm,
gives without keeping an account. The door he shuts, though having no lock,
cannot be opened. The knot he ties, though using no cor d,
cannot be undone. Be wise and help all beings impartially,
abandoning none. Waste no opportunities. This is called following the light. What is a good man but a bad man’ s teacher? What is a bad man but a good man’ s job? If the teacher is not r espected
and the student not car ed for,
confusion will arise, however clever one is. This is the gr eat secr et. OceanofPDF.comLiving by
Your Inner Light
For just a moment, imagine your most valuable possessions, including a
large cache of money, on a table in your bedroom and in full view of
anyone who might come in. Now further imagine that your pile of precious
jewelry, cash, and important documents is completely safe—there’ s no need
for insurance, and no one could ever possibly steal your treasure. Is this
state of complet e trust possible? I think so, especially since it’s encouraged
in this 27th verse of the Tao Te Ching: “The door... though  having no
lock, cannot be opened.”
The “knower of the truth” lives by an inner light. This illumination shines
on the fact that stealing isn’t the way of truth, so it’s unnecessary to lock
anything up. Possessions are safe among those who live by an inner light,
which reflects the perfection of the Tao. It’s the Source you’re encouraged
to always carry with you and to consult when you feel the need for
assistance or direction. Lao-tzu advises you to give without keeping an account or expecting
something in return, for this is the nature of the Tao, and you are of the Tao. Giving is synonymous with receiving when you live by this illumination. Trust the inner light to guide you, for it is your heritage. Your origin is more
from the T ao than from parents, culture, or country. It’s also important that you live more spontaneously—you don’t need to
neatly wrap up each detail of your life. Understand this and you can travel
without being attached to a plan that covers every possible scenario. Your
inner light is more trustworthy than any guidebook, and it will point you in
the direction that’s most beneficial to you and everyone you encounter. When you deve lop a trust in the Tao, you’ll change the way you look at life. You’ll marvel at the brilliance and clarity of what you begin to see: Fear,
anxiety, stress, and unrest will simply become facets of yourself  seen in the
glow of the Tao, like candles marking  your way and helping you love
everyone as a piece of yourself.Lao-tzu advises you to “be wise and help all beings impartially,
abandoning none”—that is, you don’t need anyone else’s rules in order to
reach out to others. Giving of yourself becomes your natural response
because you’re following the inner light of the Tao. You and giving are one;
you and receiving are one. In such an arrangement, there is no one who is
not you. The most reveal ing lines of this verse remind you that a good man is but a
bad man’s teacher, and a bad man is but a good man’ s job. This is an
extremely empowering way to see life and eliminate stress and anger: If
you perceive yourself to be a “good” person, then those whom you call
“bad”—including convicted felons or enemies on the other side of the
world—are your job! Try on the view that you’re here to teach yourself and
others in some way, and that the work is to raise the collective energy of our
entire universe. Cultivate your awareness of the inner light that’s within all. Be the T ao! Virtually every translation of the Tao Te Ching I’ve examined refers to all
of us being one, and all of us needing to be there for each other. The great
secret is this: Waste no opportunity, abandon no one, respect the teachers,
and care for the student. Twenty-five hundred years later, the Tao remains
elusive to most of us because it’s so infrequently practiced. Nevertheless, it
must be instilled  within us if we’re to ever truly walk in the luminosity of
the Great W ay. Become “a knower of the truth,” as Lao-tzu advises, by forgetting the
locks, chains, maps, and plans. Travel without leaving a trace, trust in the
goodness that is the root of all,


“It	just	happens,”	I	said. “It’s	physical.”	I	couldn’t	believe	we	were	going	into
this	topic. At	least	one	of	us	looked	comfortable. Baba	said,	“Physical	attraction	just
happens,	yes. But	it	masks	something	deeper. This	is	another	mystery	of	the
soul,	and	you	should	know	about	it.”
Baba	lay	back	and	stared	up	through	the	leaves	gently	swaying	in	a	calm
breeze. Flickers	of	sunlight	played	over	his	wrinkled	face,	and	his	expression
looked	so	deep	and	far	away	that	he	could	have	been	thinking	about	some	girl
of	his	own—a	lost	love,	perhaps? “I’m	not	thinking	of	a	person,”	he	said,	picking	up	my	thoughts. “I’m
thinking	of	how	to	show	you	something. Ah!”
He	sat	up	with	a	gleam	in	his	eye. “Imagine	that	you’ve	just	met	a	beautiful
girl. The	two	of	you	are	attracted	to	each	other,	and	you	begin	to	see	her	every
day. One	day	you	notice	that	she’s	wearing	a	necklace	with	a	shiny	stone
pendant. ‘What’s	that?’	you	ask. She	doesn’t	seem	to	hear	your	question,
because	she	keeps	talking	about	something	else. “For	some	reason	that	shiny	stone	sticks	in	your	mind. The	next	time	you	see
her,	you	say,	‘Oh,	you’re	wearing	it	again.’	‘It’s	nothing,’	she	says,	and	starts
talking	about	something	else. Only	now	the	stone	looks	a	little	bigger	and
shinier. “Now	your	curiosity	is	piqued,	so	you	return	the	next	day,	and	the	stone	hasgotten	very	large	and	shiny. What	if	it’s	a	diamond? you	think. Maybe	she’s
wearing	a	diamond	that’s	so	valuable	she	doesn’t	want	to	tell	me	about	it
. “Can	you	imagine	how	this	story	will	turn	out?”	Baba	asked. “She	never	tells?”	I	said	doubtfully. “That’s	right. But	the	diamond	just	keeps	getting	bigger	and	bigger	in	your
eyes,	until	you	are	sure	it	must	be	the	most	precious	jewel	on	earth. That’s
how	attraction	grows	into	deep	love. You	have	to	make	only	one	little
change.”
Baba	tapped	me	on	the	chest. “The	diamond	is	in	there. You’ll	never	see	it
and	she	will	never	talk	about	it,	but
	when	you	are	attracted	to	a	girl—or	when
a	girl	is	attracted	to	a	boy—love	shows	you	something	precious	that	you	can’t
stop	wondering	about.”
W
HAT
	I	L
EARNED
It’s	easy	to	be	attracted	to	somebody;	it’s	even	easy	to	fall	in	love. But	Baba
wanted	me	to	go	deeper. Loving	someone	else	for	the	spirit	inside	is	like
finding	a	precious	jewel	that	only	grows	more	fascinating. The	steps	on	this
path	are	the	same	as	Baba	outlined:
You	notice	something	special	that	catches	your	eye. You	become	intrigued. The	thing	you	notice	grows	in	your	eyes. As	it	grows	it	becomes	more	and	more	special—you	begin	to	find	it
precious. So,	what	could	this	mysterious	thing	be	that	attracts	you	and	then	turns	into	a
diamond? Everyone	could	come	up	with	a	different	answer,	but	the	following
three	things	are	at	the	top	of	my	list. K
INDNESS
There	is	something	incredibly	touching	when	you	find	a	kind	person. Kindness	comes	so	naturally	to	them	that	they	don’t	notice	it,	because	theyaren’t
trying
	to	be	kind. You	know	what	it’s	like	to	force	yourself	to	“do	the
right
	thing”	when	you	don’t	want	to. I’m	sure	you’ve	done	the	right	thing	by
visiting	a	sick	patient	in	the	hospital	or	spending	time	with	an	older	relative	or
volunteering	for	a	good	cause. Kindness	doesn’t	always	come	easily,	but
when	it	does,	the	person	whose	heart	is	naturally	kind	is	able	to	fascinate	me
year	after	year. My	love	never	grows	old. Kindness	can	also	be	called
courtesy	of	the	heart. C
OMPASSION
Compassion	is	kindness	carried	a	step	further. That	makes	it	even	more	rare. Most	people	can	stop	to	give	spare	change	to	a	homeless	person,	but	few
would	ask	if	that	person	needed	medical	help	or	a	hot	meal	and	then	see	that
he	got	it. When	I	see	compassion	in	someone’s	eyes,	I	am	reminded	of	a
parable	about	some	horsemen	crossing	a	stream. They	call	for	the	ferryman,	who	shouts	across	the	stream,	“How	many	of	you
are	there?”
One	of	the	horsemen	says,	“Let	me	count.”	He	counts	and	shouts	back,
“There	are	nine	of	us.”
“Really?”	the	ferryman	calls. “I	counted	ten. Count	again.”
So	the	horseman	does,	and	again	he	shouts	that	there	are	nine. The	ferryman
takes	his	boat	across. “What’s	the	matter	with	you?”	he	says	in	exasperation. “Every	time	you	count,	you	get	nine	because	you	forget	to	count	yourself.”
The	horseman	looks	confused. “I’m	supposed	to	count	myself?”	he	says. Compassionate	people	are	exactly	like	that. They	are	so	selfless	that	they
forget	to	count	themselves. In	our	society	forgetting	to	count	yourself	can
make	you	seem	foolish	or	naive,	but	to	me	it’s	one	of	the	most	lovable
qualities	anyone	can	possess. P
EACE
This	is	another	rare	quality	to	find,	because	most	people	are	at	peace	only
when	their	surroundings	are	peaceful. It’s	not	hard	to	be	at	peace	when	you
come	from	a	happy,	contented	home	and	have	happy	and	contented	friends. But	some	people	can	be	at	peace	anywhere,	even	on	a	battlefield. The	ancient
philosopher	Socrates	served	in	the	army	as	a	young	man,	and	everyonearound	him	was	amazed	by	his	ability	to	be	in	danger	and	yet	show	complete
calm. The	same	is	true	of	the	world’s	saints	and	sages. The	reason	that
wisdom	and	peace	go	together	is	that	you	have	to	look	deep	to	get	past	all	the
reasons	for
not
	being	peaceful. These	reasons	are	everywhere. People	feel
angry	or	afraid,	they	worry	that	things	will	fall	apart	or	they	worry	that	things
have
already
	fallen	apart—the	list	never	ends. But	there	is	only	one	reason	to
be	at	peace,	and	that’s	because	your	soul	is. Peaceful	people	seem	to	show
you	their	soul,	and	that	makes	them	fascinating	without	end. I	could	add	a	lot	more	qualities	to	this	list. I’ve	been	attracted	to	people
because	they	are	courageous	or	completely	honest
	or	truly	wise	about	human
nature,	or	they	just	have	a	joyful
something
	in	their	eyes. Find	the	hidden
jewel	in	every	person	and	keep	noticing	it	every	day. I	promise	that	it	will
become	the	most	precious	diamond	on	Earth.Shopping	for	People
A
s	soon	as	we	reached	the	village,	I	ran	for	the	vendor	who	sold	sug


 needed. 89
We will see in the “Cerebral Hemodynamic Function in Brain Injury” section
how brain trauma, stroke, and neurodegenerative conditions such as vascular demen -
tia (VaD) and AD can uncouple cerebral blood flow and metabolism by involving a multifactorial list of factors that can act independently or as part of a pathologic cascade to alter blood flow to the brain. This analysis is relevant in attempting to
Prevents glutamate e xcitoxicity
Free radical sca venger
Suppresse s
tissue facto r
Blocks NMDA r eceptors
Blocks Na+,Ca+ cell in/f_l ux
Inhibit s toxic c ytokinesDimethyl sulfo xide
in CNS injuryAnti-in/f_lammato ry
Incre ases CBF
(via prostaglandins)
Reduces brain edema
Platele t deagg regato r
Vascular smooth muscle
cell rel axant
FIGURE 8.1  Reported biological activity for DMSO in central nervous system (CNS)
injury. Most of the molecular and cellular factors listed in this illustration result from physical and physiological damages to the brain, but the chronology and the degree of damage caused by many of these factors on brain tissue have not been entirely clarified.147 DMSO in Basic Neuroprotection
understand the role DMSO plays when used therapeutically to improve the outcome
following primary injuries to the brain. The most common factors influencing cerebral blood flow are cardiac output,
ICP, blood gas content, vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide, PGs, endothelins, thromboxane A
2, endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor, adenosine, and K+ and
H+ ions.34
CPP is the driving force that moves blood flow through the cerebral circulation. Cerebral blood flow varies directly with CPP, which is defined as the difference between mean arterial and ICPs, and inversely with cerebrovascular resistance. Normally, CPP can be considered equal to mean arterial pressure. Immediately after brain trauma, two compensatory mechanisms to counter low CPP from vessel stenosis or vessel obstruc -
tion (e.g., platelet aggregation) can be activated: autoregulation and oxygen extraction fraction. As CPP falls, cerebral blood flow is maintained by the vasodilation of resis-tance arterioles, which results as reflex autoregulation is activated. 90
If cerebral blood flow falls beyond the autoregulatory range, oxygen extraction
factor kicks in order to maintain oxygen levels, but up to a point.91 When CPP falls
beyond the point where neither autoregulation nor increases in oxygen extraction fraction can compensate, ischemia resulting in an insufficient delivery of oxygen to meet metabolic demands will occur with almost certain damage to the brain. Cerebrovascular resistance results mainly from the friction caused by the blood
on the vessel wall and is determined by vessel length, which does not vary signifi -
cantly in normal physiology, and from blood viscosity, which normally stays within a small physiological range. Blood viscosity, however, increases with blood loss, with ischemia, or with the inability of RBCs to deform in tight capillary lumens. 92 Blood
viscosity depends on hematocrit, erythrocyte aggregability, and plasma viscosity.93
When blood viscosity increases, cerebral blood flow decreases, and inversely,
when viscosity is decreased, cerebral blood flow is increased. This occurs because resistance arterioles regulate the amount of blood flow supplied to the brain by changing their diameters according to the viscosity and the friction of the blood passing through them, also called shear stress. Consequently, the most important aspect of resistance in regulating brain blood flow is the diameter of the vessel whose main activator is blood viscosity. There is a vasomotor duality that produces either vasodilation or vasoconstriction
of brain arterioles, and it is thought to occur from endogenous arteriolar generation of either 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a powerful vasoconstrictor derived from arachidonic acid (AA), or from conversion of AA to the vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. 94
Normal cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adult humans is about 60 mL/100 g/min
and, regionally, about 70 mL/100 g/min in gray matter, and 20 mL/100 g/min in white matter. These values normally decrease with age by an estimated rate of about 0.5% per year. 95 Between the ages of 20 and 65, normal CBF generally declines
about 15%–20%.96,97 It is generally accepted that when CBF reaches 30 mL/100
g/min following brain injury, neurologic symptoms can appear and when CBF falls to 15–20 mL/100 g/min, electrical failure or irreversible neuronal damage can occur even within minutes. Neuroimaging studies show that vascular disturbances can reduce CBF to generate ischemic neurons (<12 mL/100 g/min), penumbral neurons 148 Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in Trauma and Disease
(12–22 mL/100 g/min), or hypoperfused neurons (>22 mL/100 g/min. Penumbral
neurons are functionally impaired but, unlike ischemic neurons, lack structural damage, while hypoperfused neurons may or may not exhibit anatomic or functional changes for extended time periods. 27
Penumbral and hypoperfused neurons therefore may be salvageable following
brain trauma in the event that a safe and effective treatment can be found. Such a treatment should address most if not all of the following factors:
 1. I nhibit platelet aggregability
 2. B lock vasoconstrictors including thromboxane A2, endothelins, and 20-HETE
 3. S uppress tissue factor to prevent thrombosis
 4. B lock Na+ and Ca+ intracellular influx
 5. B lock glutamatergic activation of NMDA receptors
 6. S uppress inflammation
 7. I nhibit free radical formation
 8. R educe brain edema
 9. S tabilize cell membrane from damage
 1 0. I nhibit toxic cytokines
 1 1. I ncrease cerebral blood flow by (a) activating smooth muscle cells in brain
to increase vasodilation and (b) stimulating PG vasodilators E1 and prosta -
cyclin (I2)
These factors that are linked with injuries to the brain and spinal cord and the role DMSO plays in their activation are reviewed in the following text and summarized in Figure 8.1. PROSTAGLANDINS
Concussive brain trauma is often accompanied by platelet aggregation and platelet dysfunction in pial arteries and arterioles due to coagulation disturbances caused by the sudden trauma. 98,99
In brain trauma patients, early coagulopathy is common on hospital admission
with the coagulopathic process beginning at the time of trauma.100 As discussed
in the section “Cerebral Hemodynamic Function in Brain Injury” in this chapter, blocked or obstructed brain vessels can lead to energy delivery disturbances whose outcome is brain cell damage or death. For this reason, traumatic brain injury has been the focus of treatments using antiplatelet aggregators such as prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator and platelet deaggregant. 101
Although microcirculation is improved following prostacyclin treatment after
brain trauma,101 brain edema and cerebral blood flow do not necessarily improve. This limitation has discouraged the use of prostacyclin and other antiplatelet aggre -
gators both in basic and clinical strategies in treating brain trauma. DMSO has been consistently reported to be an effective platelet deaggregator101–103
and, unlike prostacyclin, has been shown, following severe insults to the brain, to improve brain edema, cerebral blood flow, CPP, and electroencephalographic activ -
ity, while lowering ICP and cerebrovascular reactivity. 41,47–49149 DMSO in Basic Neuroprotection
The first step in the PG synthesis is the release of the substrate fatty acid, such as
AA, from the cellular phospholipids, by the action of the enzyme phospholipase A2
(Figure 8.2). There are three ways that PGs can be elaborated. The monoenoic pathway forms
PGE1 and PGE1-alpha from dihomo-y-linolenate. The bisenoic pathway leads to the
elaboration of the endoperoxides (PGG2 and PGH2), which are the controlling agents
in subpathways producing PGI2, TXA2, and PGE2 (Figure 8.2). It can be seen from Figure 8.2 that PGI2 (prostacyclin) and, to a lesser extent, PGE2
act as potent vasodilators and platelet deaggregators. The antiplatelet aggregation
activity by PGI2 and PGE2 results from their increase of cAMP levels in platelets.104,105
The other products, especially TXA2, are potent vasoconstrictors and platelet
aggregators. There is a third trienoic pathway derived from eicosapentaenoic acid, which originates with the membrane-bound fatty acid, but little is known about the effects of its products, TXA
3 and PGI3, on the cerebral vascular bed. However, it is
of interest


 crazy. The Bible writers were witnesses to the life
of Christ, and faithfully recorded what they
heard  and saw. Correction. Most of the New Testament
writers never met or saw Jesus in their
lives. They lived many years after Jesus left
the Earth. They wouldn’t have known Jesus
of Nazareth if they walked into him on the
street. But... The Bible writers were great believers and
great historians. They took the stories
which had been passed down to them and
to the ir friends by others —elders —from
elder to elder, until finally a written record
was made. And not everything of the Bible authors was
included in the final document. Already “churches” had sprung up around
the teachings of Jesus —and, as happens
whenever an d wherever people gather in
groups around a powerful idea, there were
certain individuals within these churches,
or enclaves, who determined what parts of
the Jesus Story were going to be told —and
how. This process of selecting and  editing
continued throug hout the gathering,
writing, and publishing of the gospels,  and
the Bible. Even several centuries after the original
scriptures were committed to writing, a
High Council of the Church determined yet
one more time which doctrines and truths
were to be inclu ded in the then -official
Bible —and which would be “unhealthy” or
“premature” to reveal to the masses. And there have been other holy scriptures
as well —each placed in writing in  moments
of inspiration by otherwise ordinary men,
none of whom were any more  crazy than
you. Are you suggesting —you’re not
suggesting, are you —that these writings
might one day  become “holy scriptures”? My child, everything in life is holy. By that
measure, yes, these are holy writings. But  I will not quibble with you over words,
because I know what you mean. No, I do not suggest that this manuscript
will one day become holy scripture. At
least, not for several hundred years, or until
the language becomes outmoded. You see, the problem is that the language
here is too colloquial, too conversational,
too contemporary. People assume that if
God were to talk directly with you, God
would not sound like the fella next door. There should be some unifying, if not to say
deifying, structure to the language. Some
dignity. Some s ense of Godliness. As I said earlier, that’s part of the problem. People have a sense of God as “showing
up” in only one form. Anything which
violates that form is seen as blasphemy. As I said earlier. As you said earlier. But let’s drive to the heart of y our question.<|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>Summarize the following text section accurately and concisely. Maintain specific details and numerical information, and use anti-repetition mechanisms:

        If you conclude
from this that past, present, and future exist
at one  and the same “time,” you are  right. (Yet now is not the moment to discuss that. We can get into this in much greater detail
when we explore the whole concept of
time—which we will do later). The world is the way it is because it could
not be any other way and still exist in the
gross  realm of physicality. Earthquakes
and hurricanes, floods and tornados, and
events that you call natural disasters are
but movements of the elements from one  polarity to the other. The whole birth -death
cycle is part of this movement. These are
the rhythms  of life, and everything in gross
reality is subject to them, because life  itself
is a rhythm. It is a wave, a vibration, a
pulsation at the very heart of the All That  Is. Illness and disease are opposites of health
and wellness, and are made manifest in
your reality at your behest. You cannot be
ill without at some level causing yourself  to
be, and you can be well again in a moment
by simply deciding to be. Deep  personal
disappointments are responses which are
chosen, and worldwide  calamities are the
resul t of worldwide consciousness. Your question infers that I choose these
events, that it is My will and desire they
should occur. Yet I do not will these things
into being, I merely observe you doing  so. And I do nothing to stop them, because to
do so would be to thwart your will. That, in
turn, would deprive you of the God
experience, which is the experience you
and I have chosen together. Do not condemn, therefore, all that you
would call bad in the world. Rather, ask
yourself, what about this have you judg ed
bad, and what, if anything, you wish to do
to change it. Inquire within, rather than without, asking:
“What part of my Self do I wish to
experience now in the face of this calamity. What aspect of being do I choose to  call
forth. ” For all of life exists as a tool of your
own creation, and all of its events  merely
present themselves as opportunities for
you to decide, and be, Who You Are. This is true for every soul, and so you see
there are no victims in the universe, only
creators. The Masters who  have walked
this planet all knew this. That is why, no
matter which Master you might name, none
imagined themselves to be victimized —
though many were truly crucified. Each soul is a Master —though some do
not remember their origins or their
heritages. Yet each creates the situation
and the circumstance for its own highest
purpose and its own quickest
remembering —in each moment called
now. Judge not, then, the karmic path walked by
another. Envy not success, nor pity  failure,
for you know not what is success  or failure
in the soul’s reckoning. Call not a  thing
calamity, nor joyous event, until you decide, or witness, how it is used. For is a  death a
calamity if it saves the lives of thousands. And is a life a joyous event if it  has caused
nothing but grief. Y et even this you should
not judge, but keep always  your own
counsel, and allow others theirs. This does not mean ignore a call for help,
nor the urging of your own soul to work
toward the change of some circumstance
or condition. It does mean avoiding labe ls
and judgment while you do whatever you
do. For each circumstance is a gift, and in
each experience is hidden a treasure. There once was a soul who knew itself to
be the light. This was a new soul, and so,
anxious for experience. “I am the light,” it
said. “I am the light. ” Yet all the knowing of
it and all the saying of it could not substitute
for the experience of it. And in the realm  from which this soul emerged, there was
nothing but the light. Every soul was grand,
every soul was magnificent, and eve ry soul
shone with the brilliance of My awesome
light. And so the little soul in question was
as a candle in the sun. In the midst of the
grandest light —of which it was a part —it
could not see itself, nor experience itself  as
Who and What it Really Is. Now it came to pass that this soul yearned
and yearned to know itself. And so great
was its yearning that I one day said, “Do
you know, Little One, what you must do to
satisfy this yearning of yours. ”
“Oh, what, God. What. I’ll do anything. ”
The little soul s aid. “You must separate yourself from the rest,
of us,” I answered, “and then you must  call
upon yourself the darkness. ”
“What is the darkness, O Holy One. ” the
little soul asked. “That which you are not,” I replied, and the
soul understood. And so this th e soul did, removing itself
from the All, yea, going even unto another
realm. And in this realm the soul had the
power to call into its experience all sorts of
darkness. And this it did. Yet in the midst of all the darkness did it cry
out, “Father, Father,  why hast Thou
forsaken me. ” Even as have you in your
blackest times. Yet I have never forsaken
you, but stand by you always, ready to remind you of Who You Really Are; ready,
always ready, to call you home. Therefore, be a light unto the darkness,
and cur se it not. And forget not Who You Are in the moment
of your encirclement by that which you  are
not. But do you praise to the creation, even
as you seek to change it. And know that what you do in the time of
your greatest trial can be your greatest
triumph. For the experience you create is a
statement of Who You Are —and Who  You
Want to Be. I have told you this story —the parable of
the little soul and the sun —so that you
might better understand why the world is
the way it is —and how it can change in an  instan


 I know. I am the living
proof of how well they work. The Secr et  showed  you how to create anything you want to be,
do, o r ha ve. Not hing has changed—it is as true today as it ever
was. Th is book reveals the greatest discovery a human being
can ever make and shows yo u the way out of negativity,
problems, and what you don’ t want, to a life of permanent
happiness and bliss. It sim ply doesn’ t get any better than this. It is my greatest joy
to welcome you to The Gr eatest Secr et.C h a p t e r  1
Hidden in Plain Sight
Of t he billions of people on our planet, only a few have
discovered the truth. Those few are completely free from the
turmoil and negativity of life and live in permanent peace and
happiness. For the rest of us, whether we realize it or not,
we’ve been in se arch of this truth unceasingly every single day
of our lives. Despite the fact that this great secret has been written about
and alluded to by many great sages, prophets, and religious
leaders throughout history, the majority of us still remain
ignorant of the single greatest discovery we can ever make. Among those who have share d this discovery with us are
Buddha, Krishna, Lao Tzu,  Jesus Christ, Y ogananda,
Krishnamurti, and the Dalai Lama. While they each have dif ferent teachings that were appropriate
for their time, they all refer to the same truth—the truth about
us and the truth behind our world. “In some religions this truth is expressed less openly and
clearly than in others, but it is nevertheless the truth that lies at
the heart of every religion.”
Michael James, fr om  Happiness and the Art of Being
This gre at secret  is in plain view for every one of us to see. It’ s
closer to  us than our very breath, yet we’ve missed it! Ancienttraditions knew that to hide a s ecret it should be put in plain
sight, wh ere no one will think to  look for it. And that’ s exactly
where The Greatest Secret lies. “Thus it  is referred to in the Kashmir Shaivite tradition as ‘the
greatest secret, more hidden than the most concealed and yet
more evident than the most evident of things.’”
Rupert Spira, fr om  Being A ware of Being A ware
W e’ve missed the truth for thou sands of years because we’ve
not looked at what is right in front of us. W e’ve become easily
distracted by our problems, the drama in our lives, the
comings and goings of the ev ents in the world, and we’ve
missed the greatest discovery we can make that is right here
before u s—a discovery that can take us out of suf fering and
into lasting happiness. What secret can possibly be so life-changing? What single
discovery can ever end suf fering, or bring everlasting peace
and happiness? Quite simply, a secret that reveals who you really are. Y ou might think you know who you are, but if you think
you’re a n individual person with a name, who’ s a certain age,
from a particula r race, who has a profession, a family history,
and various life experiences, you will be stunned by the
revelation of who you r eally  are. “The only way that someone can be of help to you is by
challenging your ideas.”
Anthony de Mello, S.J., fr om  A wareness: Conversations with the Masters
W e’ve all accepted many false ideas and beliefs throughout
our live s, and those false ide as and beliefs have kept us
enslaved. W e’ve  been told that there’ s limitation and lack in
the world—that there’ s not enough money, time, resources,
love, or health: “Life is short,”  “Y ou’re only human,” “Y ou
have to work h ard and struggle to get somewhere in life,”
“W e’re running out of resource s,” “The world is in turmoil,”
“The world needs saving.” But the moment you see the truth,
those mistruths will crumble, and your happiness will arise
from the ruins.Perhaps you’re thinking, “My life is going swimmingly, and so
why would I even want to know The Greatest Secret?”
T o quote the wonderful late Anthony de Mello, S.J. :
“Because your life is a mess!”
Y ou may disagree. I certainly didn’ t think my life was a mess
either until Anthony de Mello defined exactly what he meant. Do y ou ever ge t upset? Ever get stressed? Ever worry? Ever
feel anxious, of fended, or hurt? Ever feel sad, down in the
dumps, or despondent? Are yo u ever unhappy or in a bad
mood? If you e xperience any of these emotions at any time,
then according to Anthony de Mello, your life is a mess! Y ou mi ght think it’ s normal to be plagued by negative
emotions throug hout your day, but life isn’ t supposed to be
that way. Y ou can live your life utterly free of hurt, upset,
worry, and fear, and exist in continuous  happiness. Life is showing us there’ s a way  out of suf fering through every
single challenging circumstance we experience, especially the
very chal lenging circumstances. But we don’ t see it. W e’re
lost in our probl ems, and we miss the very thing that is right in
front of us that is the way out of all problems forever! “W e se ek happiness in experience after experience,
relationship afte r relationship, therapy after therapy, workshop
after workshop—even ‘spiritual’ ones, which sound so
promising but never address the root cause of suf fering:
ignorance of our true nature.”
Mooji, fr om  White Fire, second edition
Whenever we suf fer, it’ s becau se we’ve believed something
about ourselves that isn’ t true; we’ve mistaken our own
identity. All  of humanity’ s s uf fering comes down to a case of
mistaken identity. The trut h is, you’re not a person  who has no control over what
happens to you and your life. Y ou’re not a person who has to
slave at a job you don’ t like, o nly to die at the end of it all. Y ou’re not a pe rson who has to struggle from paycheck to
paycheck. Y ou’re not a person w ho needs to prove yourself or
who needs anybody else’ s appr oval. The truth is, you are notreally a  person at all. Y ou are most certainly having the
experience  o f being a perso n, but in the bigger picture it’ s not
who you are. “It isn’ t the way it appears to be. Y ou aren’ t what you think
you are.”
Jan Frazier, fr om  The Freedom of Being
“Sometimes we’re tar geting the symptoms in life but the real
cause in life we’re missing—the understanding and
recognition of our true nature. This is the one medicine for
everything.”
Mooji
“All the unhappiness, disco ntent and misery that we
experience in our life is caus ed only by our ignorance or
confused knowl edge of who or what we really are. Therefore
if w e wa nt to be free of all forms of misery and unhappiness,
we must free ourself from our ignorance or confused
knowledge of what we really are.”
Michael James, fr om  Happiness and the Art of Being
Y our ga uge of how your life  is going is your level of
happiness. How happy are you? Are you genuinely happy all
of th e time? Do  you live within a continuous background of
happiness? Y ou’re supposed to be happy all the time. Happiness is  you. It’ s your true nature. It’ s who you really are. “The thi ng that every one of us is looking for in this world is
exactly the same thing. Every being, even the animals are
looking for it. And what is it that we’re all looking for—
happiness with no sorrow. A continuous happiness with no
taint whatsoever of sorrow.”
Lester Levenson, fr om  W ill Power audio
Every action we take, every dec ision we make, is because we
think we will b e happier from it. It’ s not a coincidence that
we’re all looking for happiness ; in our search for happiness,
we are actually looking for ourselves without realizing it! It’ s not possible to find lasting happiness through material
things. Every material thing appears and eventually
disappears, so if you vest your happiness in a material thing,your happiness  will disappear when the material thing
disappears. There’ s nothing wro ng with material things (they
are won derful, and you deserve to have whatever you want in
life), but it’ s a major breakthrough when you realize that you’ll
never find lasting happiness in them. If material things brought
us happi ness, then when we receive something that we really
wanted, the happiness would n ever leave us. But it’ s not the
case. Instead, we experience a fl eeting happiness, and


 reserved. This material may not be reproduced in any medium, print or electronic without prior written permission from the author.Page 190Healing the Gerson Way—Defeating Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases
www.thegersonway.comThe Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell, RBC) Count
Traditionally counted by hand with a hemacytometer, red blood cells (RBCs) are now
commonly counted with electronic devices, which provide faster, more accurate results. This
erythrocyte count does not provide qualitative information about the RBCs’ hemoglobin content,
but it does tell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Thus, the erythrocyte blood count offers indices for RBC size and hemoglobin content and
supports other hematologic tests in diagnosing anemia and polycythemia. Depending on age, sex, sample, and geographic location, normal RBC values in adult males
range from 4.5 to 6.2 million/microliter (4.5 to 6.2 x 1012/L) of venous blood; in adult females
from 4.2 to 5.4 million/microliter (4.2 to 5.4 x 1012/L) of venous blood; in children, 4.6 to 4.8
million/microliter of venous blood; in full-term infants, 4.4 to 5.8 million/microliter (4.4 to 5.8 x
1012/L). An elevated RBC count indicates polycythemia or dehydration; a depressed count shows
anemia, fluid overload, or recent hemorrhage. With total bed rest, RBC counts drop considerably
from decreased oxygen requirements. The Total Hemoglobin (HgB)
Laboratory Test
The total hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration in a deciliter (l00ml) of whole blood is measured
by the total hemoglobin laboratory test. The Hgb-RBC ratio (mean corpuscular hemoglobin or
MCH) and free plasma Hgb affect the RBC count. This test, a usual part of the complete blood
count, measures the severity of anemia or polycythemia, monitors therapy response, and supplies
figures for calculating MCH and mean corpuscular Hgb concentration. Based on venous blood samples, normal values for different patients are:
Age      Hemoglobin Level (g/dL)
Less than 7 days    17-22
1 week     15-20
1 month     11-15
Age      Hemoglobin Level (g/dL)
Children     11-13
Adult males    14-18
Elderly males    12.4-14.9
Adult females    12-16
Elderly females    11.7-13.8
Copyright © Charlotte Gerson, 2007. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced in any medium, print or electronic without prior written permission from the author.Page 191Healing the Gerson Way—Defeating Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases
www.thegersonway.comThe Hematocrit (Hct)
Laboratory Test
The volume of RBCs packed in a whole blood sample is measured by the hematocrit (Hct)
laboratory test. Number and size of the RBCs determine the Hct concentration, and such a readout
aids in the diagnosis of abnormal states of hydration, polycythemia, anemia, fluid imbalance,
blood loss, blood replacement, and red cell indices. According to a patient’s sex, age, laboratory
competence, and type of blood sample, the test routinely screens one’s blood in a complete blood
count. Hct reference values range from 40 percent to 54 percent (0.4 to 0.54) for men and from 37
percent to 47 percent (0.37 to 0.47) for women. Low Hct indicates anemia or hemodilution; high
Hct shows polycythemia or hemoconcentration caused by blood loss. If a hematoma develops at
the venipuncture site, ease discomfort by applying ice, followed later by warm soaks. The Erythrocyte Indices Laboratory Test
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean
corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) are the three measurements accomplished by
the erythrocyte indices laboratory test. The MCV expresses the average size of erythrocytes
and indicates whether they are undersized (microcytic), oversized (macrocytic), or normal
(normocytic). MCH gives the weight of hemoglobin in an average red cell. MCHC defines the
concentration of Hgb in 100 mL of packed red cells. The normal RBC indices are:
 MCV = 84 to 99 cubic microliters/red cell (femtoliters (fl)/red cell)
 MCH = 26 to 32 picograms (pg)/red cell
 MCHC = 30% to 36% (300 to 360 g/L)
These indices aid in diagnosing and classifying anemia. Low MCV and MCHC show
microcytic hypochromic anemias caused by iron deficiency anemia, pyridoxine-responsive
anemia, or thalassemia. High MCV indicates macrocytic anemia caused by megaloblastic
anemias coming from folic acid or vitamin BIZ deficiency, inherited disorders of DNA synthesis,
or reticulocytosis. The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Measuring the time required for erythrocytes in a whole blood sample to settle to the bottom
of a vertical tube, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a sensitive but nonspecific test that
Copyright © Charlotte Gerson, 2007. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced in any medium, print or electronic without prior written permission from the author.Page 192Healing the Gerson Way—Defeating Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases
www.thegersonway.comindicates the presence of disease when other chemical or physical signs are normal. It rises in
widespread inflammatory disorders caused by infection, autoimmune disease, or malignancy. Thus, the ESR monitors inflammatory or malignant illness and detects occult disease such as
tuberculosis (TB), tissue necrosis, or connective tissue disorders. The normal ESR ranges from
0 to 20 mm/hour. It rises in pregnancy, acute or chronic inflammation, TB, paraproteinemias,
rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and some cancers. ESR also rises in anemia. ESR drops in
polycythemia, sickle cell anemia, hyperviscosity, and low plasma protein. Note: ESR  is frequently raised during and after reactions and fevers induced by the Gerson
Therapy. The Platelet Count
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are tiny formed elements in the blood which create th’e hemostatic
plug in vascular injury. They promote coagulation by supplying phospholipids to the intrinsic
thromboplastin pathway. The platelet count is vital for monitoring chemotherapy, radiation
therapy, or severe thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia. A platelet count that falls below 50,000
brings on spontaneous bleeding; below 5,000, fatal central nervous system bleeding or massive
gastrointestinal hemorrhage is possible. The platelet count evaluates platelet production, assesses effects of cytotoxic therapy, aids
the diagnosing of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis, and confirms visual estimate of platelet
number and morphology from a stained blood film. Normal platelet counts range from 130,000 to
370,000/mm (130 to 370 x 1011/L). A decreased count comes from aplastic or hypoplastic bone marrow; infiltrative bone marrow
diseases like carcinoma, leukemia, or disseminated infection; megakaryocytic hypoplasia;
ineffective thrombopoiesis caused by folic acid or vitamin B1 deficiency; pooling of platelets in an
enlarged spleen; increased platelet destruction from drug use or immune disorders; disseminated
intravascular coagulation; Bernard-Soulier syndrome; or mechanical injury to platelets. Medications decreasing the count include acetazolamid, acetohexamide, antimony,
antineoplastics, brompheniramine maleate, carbamazepine, chloramphenicol, ethacrynic acid,
furosemide, gold salts, hydroxychloroquine, indomethacin, isoniazid, mephenytoin, mefenamic
acid, methazolamide, methimazole, methyidopa, oral diaoxide, oxyphenbetazone, penicillamine,
penicillin, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, pyrimethamine, quinidine sulfate, quinine, salicylates,
streptomycin, sulfonamides, thiazide, thiazidelike diuretics, and tricyclic antidepressants. Heparin
causes transient reversible thrombocytopenia. An increased platelet count results from such diseases as hemorrhage; infectious disorders;
malignancies; iron deficiency anemia; myelofibrosis; primary thrombocytosis; polycythemia


 vliyanii lishenija pish-
chi na pitanie " (On the progressive impact of
food ab stinence on nutrition), published in the
"Russkaya medicina" journal (Russian medi-
cine), 1888, № 5-10, 12. In 1902 it was prof. Vladimir Pashutin who
studied the physiological and patho -physiologi-
cal characteristics of w ater, dry and partial
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frfasting in ani mal studies and in a clinical con-
text. Practicing at the Medical -Military Acad-
emy of Tsarist Russia, he experimented on dif-
ferent animals for a long time and came to for-
mulate the essence of the physiological mecha-
nisms involved. Thanks to this, V. Pashutin is
considered the pioneer and founder of the the-
ory of fasting or endogenous feeding. To this
day, his experiments have not lost their signifi-
cance. The figure of Aleksey Suvorin deserves a special
mention. Descending from a powerful family of
St. Petersburg publishers, he was interested in al-
ternative methods of treatment and oriental self -
healing practices since early age; he studied trea-
ties of Indian medicine, Tibetan, Chinese and
books of Western hygienists. In 1914, under the
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frpseudonym Aleksey Poroshin, he described his
first experiments with fasting in a diary entitled
Novyj chelovek  (The New Man), published by
the homonymous publishing house that he
founded. After the revolution and the civil war that en-
sued in Russia, Suvorin migrated to Yugoslavi a,
where, despite living on the edge of poverty, he
found the enthusiasm to found a publishing
house with a Yugoslav partner. The latter, how-
ever, ended up deceiving and denouncing him,
and Suvorin was imprisoned without trial. In
prison, as a protest agai nst the unjust sentence,
he began a hunger strike that invigorated him in-
stead of annihilating him. It is said that on the
35th day of his voluntary fasting he was given the
opportunity to defend himself in court. He won
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frthe trial and continued to fast for  up to 42 days,
with surprising results, which, as the story goes,
ended up gaining the interest of the director and
staff of the penalty facility, as well as many in-
mates. After this experience, Suvorin became a very
active champion of the cause of therapeutic fast-
ing. In 1931, his works were released in Belgrade:
Ozdorovliyenye golodom i pishchej (Healing with
fasting and food),  Metoda Suvorina  (The Su-
vorin method), Lechenie golodaniyem  (Healing
through fasting). In a short time, his method be-
came very po pular in Yugoslavia and while Su-
vorin gained the esteem of tens of thousands of
patients (assisted at a distance, by postal corre-
spondence), he also made many enemies. In-
vited to Paris in 1937 to discuss a fasting clinic
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frproject, he died suddenly under cir cumstances
that remained mysterious. Russia remembered this illustrious emigrant
and promoter of fasting in relatively recent
times: his writings were only published in Mos-
cow in 1998, collected in the monograph Metod
Suvorina. Lechenie golodaniyem  (Suvorin's
method. Healing through fasting). Today, every-
one in Russia recognizes the contribution of Ale-
ksey Suvorin to the Russian history of therapeu-
tic fasting, and he remains one of the most ap-
preciated authors among experts and enthusi-
asts of the method. Belarusian M.P. Zyazulya stands out among
Suvorin's followers. He was able to heal severe
forms of tuberculosis using the method de-
scribed in Suvorin's books. In the more recent
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frtimes, one of his compatriots, Belarusian doctor
G. A. Vojtovich, created his method of fractional
fasting along the same lines. However, the great architect of the widespread
propagation of therapeutic fasting was the psy-
chiatrist Yuri Nikolayev (1905 -1998): to him we
owe the approval and the introduction of the
method (for which he coined the name Razgru-
zochno -dieticheskaja terapiya, abbreviated as
RDT – Diet -fasting therapy) to the USSR’s state
health system. The documentary Le jeûne une
nouvelle thérapie, made in 2011 by the French
director Thierry de Lestrade and the journ alist
Sylvie Gilman, translated into Russian under the
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frtitle Nauka golodaniya  (The science of fasting2),
pays tribute to the work of this courageous doc-
tor. Yuri Nikolayev was born into a family of estab-
lished vegetarians, lovers of yoga and oriental
philosophy. According to Nikolayev himself, his
parents were in close contact with Lev Tolstoy,
the most famous vegetarian in Russia, and his fa-
ther corresponded with the American writer
Upton Sinclair, a fervent supporter of the hy-
gienic cause and author of the book The fasting
cure. Besides, he was also busy translating Her-
bert Shelton's books into Russian. 2 The Italian translation by V. G. Bani ( La scienza del digiuno )
was published on YouTube in April 2017. Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frYoung Yuri’s ideas and position took shape in
this fertile soil. He started his career as a doctor,
served as a military doctor after graduation, and
was a student under the famous academic M.O. Gurevich in the psychiatric clinic of the First In-
stitute of Medicine in Moscow in 1939 - 1941. His interest in fasting was likely to have been
initially stimulated by the family environment,
was later consolidated thanks to the contribu-
tion of Prof. Bakulev, President of the Academy
of Medical Sciences of the USSR. In 1956, Prof.
Bakulev published an article titled Po povodu od-
nogo metoda lecheniya  (Regarding the treatment
method) in the journal "Meditsinskij rabotn ik"
(The medical worker). The article described a
successful experiment in the treatment of
chronic diseases with fasting, specifically some
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frcases of complete remission of gastric and duo-
denal ulcers after a 12- day water  fast. It must be said that discussion of "fasting" in the
USSR of the 50s and 60s was certainly difficult. The specter of hunger was still very much alive
in the country. The nine hundred days of the
Nazi siege of Leningrad, with thousands of
deaths from starvat ion and numerous incidents
of cannibalism, as well as the challenging post -
war years characterized by scarcity of food had
left a profoundly mark on the collective uncon-
scious of the Soviet population and the memory
of deprivation had not subsided in a lit tle over a
decade. However, Prof. Bakulev was able to di-
rect the attention of the scientific and medical
community to the possibility of applying thera-
peutic fasting, and Nikolayev was certainly
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frdeeply impressed. So much so that he too, in his
psychiatric practice, found constants worthy of
interest. He wrote:
"I noticed that some schizophrenia pa-
tients often give up eating and resist when
they are force -fed. I wondered if this renun-
ciation of food was not perhaps an instinc-
tive reaction to the sick organis m's defense. So, I tried to treat these patients with a par-
adoxical method:


 in taming and training other animalsand in perfecting plant life to prodigiousproportions. He is even " gifted " to the extent of
overcoming, harnessing, and using at will the" forces of Nature," and dispelling the mysteries. He can only do this, however, by co-operatingwith Nature in the most intelligent and faithfulmanner. To ascertain Nature's requirements of
preferences it is necessary to begin with thefirst essentials of care, the nutrition of the bodyand the management of the mind. These basicessentials are the first concern of Fletcherismand really the crux of the ScientificManagement of the Highest Efficiency. One of the most important discoveries in the
development of Fletcherism is the fact that
MUSCLES  HAVE  MEMORIES. The usefulness of this discovery rests in the
knowledge that it is possible to make themuscles connected with nutrition commit tomemory the sequences of procedure in theprocesses of nutrition which accomplish themost profitable results, and then pass on toother details of responsibility care-free andthought-free, fully confident that everythingwill go on as Nature would have it go. Without beginning this discipline of the
muscular equipment at the right point and inthe right manner, no solid structure ofEfficiency-Building can be secured. Any amountof indigestion, or unnecessary strain put uponmetabolism, interferes with the smooth workingof the organism in the same way that aninfinitesimal weight put at the tip end of thelong arm of a lever multiplies the burden ofresistance at the short end many, many fold. Therefore, the Crux of Fletcherism is found
in first training the muscular and mentalapparatus to proceed with thorough deliberationrelative to every thing taken into the body, forfrom this intake, and especially from themanner of the handling of this material alongthe line of the alimentary canal, come efficiencyor inefficiency. It is first necessary to know what you want
the muscles to habituate themselves to doing inconnection with nutrition. They must learn toknow what constitutes a true appetite, incontradistinction to indefiniteness of want ordesire. The muscles will soon learn to know thatreal hunger (body need) is not expressed by anyuncomfortable feelings below the guillotine line. Only in the head, where the senses are allbunched together for the most importantteamwork, is honest hunger sensed. We mayrightly add to the list of the senses, Appetite,and trust it with confidence to tell us what thebody can use to advantage of the foods availableat the time. That the foods are appetizing is theonly recommendation necessary to a set ofmuscles trained to treat them as Naturerequires when they enter the laboratory of themouth. Connected with the training of the, mouth-
muscle outfit, there is the one standing order. Challenge everything applying for entrance,whether by special invitation or in the way ofsurprise, by testing it for taste-acceptability atthe tip of the tongue. Then keep on tasting andtesting, with reverential appreciation of thegustatory delight there is in it, in the fullknowledge that both digestion and assimilation,which are the prime necessities of nutrition, arehealthfully stimulated by accentuatedenjoyment. It is not necessary to dwell intensively on
sensual enjoyment of the material beingautomatically handled by the methodicalmuscles. The pleasant sense sensationssurrounding taste may serve as anaccompaniment to agreeable conversation, tothe delight of beauty in any form, to flowers, tomusic, to graceful and vivacious femininity, orto any sort of charm, with added strength givento the effect on wholesome nutrition. So much for the usefulness of the mouth-
muscles, including that most wonderful ofmuscles, the tongue, in assisting in thehealthful stimulation of nutrition. Their mostimportant office is to stand guard against thecontingencies that are liable to happen whichare prejudicial to digestion. If there is worry inthe atmosphere : " Don't let anything into themouth on pain of court-martial and suffering. "Those are the " orders of the day " for thesentinel muscles of the mouth, serving at theouter entrance of the alimentary canal. In the category of  " worry " are included
anger, argument, blues, or any other of thedepressant passions, and no food or drink, otherthan water, should be admitted to the canal
while any form of depressants are beingsuffered. We must agree in the first place that itcan do no harm to wait for a clearance of themental atmosphere. Real hunger is not apainful craving for something or anything, butis a most accommodating waiter for finalcollection of all the taste dividends there aredue in a big lump sum to compensate for notgetting them by instalments. Consequently, ifthe mental atmospheric conditions are notfavourable to the best nutrition, the best way toclear them is to wait. Nothing is so forceful inmaking one modify or forget passing clouds ofpain or disappointment as growing healthyHunger. The mouth-muscles soon learn to know this
beautiful provision of Mother Nature, wherebydeferred collections by appetite are paid withcompound interest sometimes sure, if by thewaiting process the mental atmosphere iscleared of the elements of digestive lightningand thunder. How delightful it is to be assured that the
best way to secure the best nutrition is theeasiest way and that it can be quickly installed
as a habit, so that attention to the mechanics ofthe care is not necessary, leaving the wholebattery of appreciation to employ itself with thegustatory festival. CHAPTER XV
FLETCHERISM AND VEGETARIANISM
MEAT ERS AND MEAL ERS
The Danger of Excess of Protein—The Use of Meat—Meat and Uric
Acid—To Sum Up—Profitable Economy. IN the warfare against the " Demons of
Dietetic Disturbances " most of the volunteerrecruits go into the camp of the Meal ers, that is
they become vegetarians, quasi- vegeiarians,  or
partial vegetarians, and array themselvesagainst human carnivorous habits andpractices. They are comparatively few innumbers, but make up in enthusiasm what theylack in numerical strength. Some of them basetheir objection to meat-eating on physiologicalgrounds, others on sentimental susceptibility,and yet others are influenced by reasons ofeconomy. With world-wide and centuries-old evidence
before me in forming an opinion, I say withouthesitation that the weight of argument is infavour of a meatless diet most, if not all, of thetime, and that all who subsist on the first-handfruits of the soil and do not resort to
cannibalism, except in cases of emergency, areon the safer side. THE DANGER  OF EXCESS  PROTEIN. To mention the greatest danger from using
meat for nutrition first, we find it almostimpossible to eat most meats without takinginto the organism more protein (nitrogen) thanis required for repair of the broken-downtissues; and we now know that any excess ofprotein or nitrogen imposed upon the body isnot good for it. Large excess is positively deadlyin its final effects, and many, if not all of the so-called uric-acid troubles or diseases are tracedto such abuse. Not only are the kidneys worn out long before
their time, but high blood-pressure is one of thebaleful results that lead to untimely demise. Tobe sure, persons are reported to have lived tonear or quite an hundred years of age ashabitual meat ers, but their occupations or
activities have been favourable to burning upthe dregs of metabolism, and the belief isreasonable that if they had not been thus self-abusing during the first century of their life
they might have gone quite a piece into thesecond century with their matured experience,example, and wisdom, serving the world to goodadvantage. THE USE OF MEAT. That meat is an emergency expedient in the
natural nutrition of man is pretty certain. Strictly speaking, we are all of us subsisting onmeat all of the time, but it is only one degree
removed from the vegetable kingdom, when we
ingest only the first fruits of the soil, asvegetarians do, and make meat of it within us. The vegetable nutriment is transformed intoour own flesh and blood in the form of fatchiefly, and then is used to furnish whateverheat and repair material we happen to need. When second-hand, already dead anddecomposing meat is eaten and thus used forlife-giving purposes, it is really not only second-hand supply but third-hand material. Forinstance, we may subsist exclusively onvegetable or farinaceous material and get ourrepair or fuel supply from such sources only. The result is, in part, the forming of the walls of
our own stomach. These walls are meat. Shouldwe turn into cannibals, devouring each other asthe Pacific (. ) Islanders used to treatmissionaries and enemies, the stomach wallsbecome tripe and are easily digestible. Whilethey were live walls, holding in place glandssecreting powerful gastric juice, they resistedthe digestive aggression of their own juice, butthe moment they were separated from their ownliving combination, quite similar gastric juicedigested them as quickly as it does the whitemeat of a pet chicken. It is physiologicallypossible to cut out a part or the whole of ourown stomach, and then devour and digest it astripe in the small intestines. Hence it is that we are all meat ers, perforce,
but not all of us are third-degree-removedcannibals. What we call " pure vegetarians " areonly second-hand meat ers. I am indebted to the distinguished champion
ten


channel
works
and
the
procedure
goes
straight
to
the
point. In
addition
to
massages,
compresses
from
evaporated
urine
must
be
applied
to
the
heart
area. Eat
sprouted
grain
bread
or
2
to
3
tablespoons
of
sprouted
wheat
per
day. It
is
quite
possible
that
one
of
the
main
causes
of
heart
disease
is
clogged,
intoxicated
small
intestine. Urinotherapy
and
eye
diseases
The
methodology
is
simple
-
the
eyes
are
washed
with
urine,
in
more
complex
cases
compresses
are
applied
to
the
eyes
from
fresh
urine
combined
with
fasting. Baby
or
activated
urine
helps
a
lot. For
cataracts
and
other
eye
diseases,
boil
50
grams
of
honey
and
100
grams
of
urine
and
evaporate
the
mixture
to
about
half. We
drop
it
into
the
eyes
for
5
drops
severaltimes
a
day. We
start
the
dosage
with
1
drop. Example:
"A
metal
splinter
or
splinter
got
into
my
eye. Fresh
urine
was
used
for
treatment:
every
30-40
minutes
washing
and
compressing
the
eye. The
swelling
disappeared
in
7
hours. Hyperemia
of
the
mucous
membrane
of
the
eyelid
and
sclera
(white
of
the
eye)
in
12
hours. The
pus
stopped
excreting
already
in
5
hours
after
the
start
of
the
treatment. Example:
"After
a
cold
and
inflammation
of
the
cornea,
a
dark
spot
appeared. I
was
in
the
hospital
for
a
month
with
no
result. They
told
me
the
spot
would
go
away
on
its
own,
but
it
didn't. Even
dripping
urine
into
the
eye
and
nose
helped." Example:
"The
doctors
gave
me
a
diagnosis:
cataract,
or
gray
cloud
of
the
eye. I
couldn't
read,
after
five
minutes
of
reading
everything
was
pouring
out. Medicines
did
not
help. After
two
weeks
of
washing
the
eyes
with
urine,
the
sight
improved.' Example:
A
patient
with
congenital
cataracts
in
both
eyes
decided
to
use
urinotherapy
while
starving
himself
of
water
and
urine. After
nine
days
of
flushing
his
eyes
with
urine,
he
stopped
fasting
because
of
his
stomach. Vision
improved
and
the
shape
of
the
cataract
itself
changed
somewhat. Comment
and
recommendation:
In
his
book
"Living
Water",
John
Armstrong
writes
that
in
many
cases,
after
10
days
of
water
and
urine
starvation,
the
cataracts
dissolved. It
was
necessary
to
starve
for
a
maximum
of
28
days. Such
a
period
is
necessary
for
congenital
cataracts,
where
it
is
necessary
to
apply
poultices
of
urine
evaporated
together
with
honey
in
a
copper
vessel. Similarly,
glaucoma
can
be
treated
with
urine
therapy,
but
before
surgery. I
verified
for
myself
the
extraordinary
effectiveness
of
the
action
of
urine
on
the
restoration
of
sight. I've
been
wearing
glasses
since
I
was
30,
at
least
for
TV. My
eyes
often
hurt. Now,
at
55,
after
cleansing
steps
and
urine
therapy,
I
have
the
eyesight
of
a
perch. I
can
see
well
without
glasses,
but
mainly
I
can
sit
for
5-6
hours
at
the
computer
or
over
a
book
without
feeling
tired. I
recommend
to
everyone
the
neti
method
with
flushing
the
eyes
with
fresh
urine. I
recently
helped
my
sculptor
friend. Due
to
the
constant
contact
with
the
stone,
the
whites
of
his
eyes
were
bloody
and
literally
cut
up
by
small
fragments
of
sandstone. In
the
morning,
droplets
of
"stones"
hung
from
his
eyelids. He
brought
a
supposedly
miraculous
eye
cleaning
agent
from
the
US,
but
it
didn't
help
him. After
several
weeks
of
flushing
the
eyes
with
fresh
urine,
the
sclera
cleared
and
the
vision
improved
considerably. The
results
would
have
been
even
more
pronounced
if
my
friend
had
followed
certain
eating
rules
and
not
sat
so
often
at
"The
Black
Ox's"
or
"The
Fishermen's". Although
who
knows,
the
personal
mood
that
such
a
sitting
in
a
pub
brings,
sometimes
it
will
cost
a
few
cleansing
barks. The
soul
is
primordial. Urinotherapy
and
cancer
Urine
healing
is
incredibly
effective
for
various
tumors,
including
cancer. In
simple
cases,
it
is
enough
to
drink
urine
and
apply
compresses
to
the
affected
area,
or
lubricate
with
urine. In
chronic
cases,
it
is
necessary
to
combine
starvation
with
urinotherapy
and
clay
compresses
with
boiled
urine. We'll
show
you
how
it's
done
with
a
few
examples:
Example:
"I
have
a
birthmark
on
my
temple. The
skin
after
smearing
the
urine
is
softer
and
better,
but
the
mark
has
not
disappeared. So
I
started
making
poultices
with
urine
left
for
several
days. After
a
week,
the
birthmark
ruptured
and
oozed
pus. It
started
to
hurt
behind
my
ear
all
the
way
to
my
collarbone. After
further
compresses
with
evaporated
urine,
the
pus
stopped
flowing
and
the
pain
disappeared.' Comment
and
recommendation:
This
woman
must
first
go
through
the
entire
course
of
healing
steps:
cleanse
the
intestine,
liver,
blood
vessels
and
tissues,
go
to
the
steam
room
orsauna
more
often. Continue
compresses
with
evaporated
urine
on
the
mole
area. Example:
“My
wife
accidentally
tore
off
her
birthmark
on
her
back
four
years
ago. A
scar
formed
that
did
not
heal
all
these
years. No
treatment
helped. Occasionally
a
scab
would
form,
but
the
wound
would
reopen
and
be
an
unhealthy,
dark
red
to
blue
color. After
compresses
with
evaporated
urine,
the
scar
disappeared. The
skin
in
its
place
is
a
healthy,
pink
color.' Example:
"One
time
I
had
severe
breast
pain
and
induration. I
should
have
gone
to
the
hospital,
but
drinking
ur


 D a v i d  W i e b e :  Jane E. Brody, “A Breathing T echnique Of fers Help for People with Asthma,” The New
Y ork T imes, Nov. 2, 2009, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/1 1/03/health/03brod.html ; “Almost
As If I No Longer Have Asthma After Natural Solution,” Breathing Center, Apr. 2009,
https://www.breathingcenter.com/now-living-almost-as-if-i-no-longer -have-asthma. a s t h m a  a n d  o v e r a l l  h e a l t h :  Sasha Y akovleva, K. Buteyko, et al., Br eathe to Heal: Br eak Fr ee fr om
Asthma (Br eathing Normalization)  (Breathing Center, 2016), 246; “Buteyko Breathing for
Improved Athletic Performance,” Buteyko T oronto, http://www.buteykotoronto.com/buteyko-
and-fitness. S a n y a  R i c h a r d s - R o s s :  “Buteyko and Fitness,” Buteyko T oronto,
http://www.buteykotoronto.com/buteyko-and-fitness. T h e y  a l l  b r e a t h e d  b e t t e r :  Thomas Ritz et al., “Controlling Asthma by T raining of Capnometry-Assisted
Hypoventilation (CA TCH) V ersus Slow Breathing: A Randomized Controlled T rial,” Chest
146, no. 5 (Aug. 2014): 1237–47. “ v e r y  s t r a n g e  h a p p e n i n g ” :  “Asthma Patients Reduce Symptoms, Improve Lung Function with Shallow
Breaths, More Carbon Dioxide,” ScienceDaily, Nov. 4, 2014,
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/1 1/141 1041 1 1631.htm. A  h a l f - d o z e n  o t h e r  c l i n i c a l  t r i a l s :  “Ef fectiveness of a Buteyko-Based Breathing T echnique for Asthma
Patients,” ARCIM Institute—Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine,2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03098849. r e a l  d a m a g e  f r o m  o v e r b r e a t h i n g :  It’ s worth noting that overbreathing can also cause calcium levels to drop
in your blood, which can result in numbness and tingling, muscle spasms, cramps, and
twitching. W e e k s,  m o n t h s,  o r  y e a r s :  If the body is forced to constantly compensate by excreting bicarbonate, levels
of this chemical will begin to taper of f, and the pH will waver from its optimum functioning at
7.4. John G. Laf fey and Brian P. Kavanagh, “Hypocapnia,” New England Journal of Medicine
347 (July 2002): 46; G. M. W oerlee, “The Magic of Hyperventilation,” Anesthesia Problems &
Answers, http://www.anesthesiaweb.or g/hyperventilation.php. b e c o m e s  e v e n  m o r e  d i f f i c u l t :  Jacob Green and Charles R. Kleeman, “Role of Bone in Regulation of
Systemic Acid-Base Balance,” Kidney International  39, no. 1 (Jan. 1991): 9–26. s t a v e  o f f  f u r t h e r  a t t a c k s : “Magnesium Supplements May Benefit People with Asthma,” NIH National
Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Feb. 1, 2010,
https://nccih.nih.gov/research/results/spotlight/021 1 10.htm [inactive]
“ T h e  y o g i ’ s  l i f e  i s  n o t  m e a s u r e d ” :  Andrew Holecek, Pr eparing to Die: Practical Advice and Spiritual
W isdom fr om the T ibetan Buddhist T radition  (Boston: Snow Lion, 2013). Animal metrics were
taken from these studies: “Animal Heartbeats,” Every Second, https://everysecond.io/animal-
heartbeats ; “The Heart Project,” Public Science Lab, http://robdunnlab.com/projects/beats-per -
life/ ; Y ogi Cameron Alborzian,  “Breathe Less, Live Longer,” The Huffington Post, Jan. 14,
2010, https://www.huf fpost.com/entry/breathe-less-live-longer_b_422923 ; Mike McRae, “Do
W e Really Only Get a Certain Number of Heartbeats in a Lifetime? Here’ s What Science
Says,” ScienceAlert, Apr. 14, 2018, https://www.sciencealert.com/relationship-between-heart-
beat-and-life-expectancy. Chapter Seven: Chew
T w e l v e  t h o u s a n d  y e a r s  a g o :  “Malocclusion and Dental Crowding Arose 12,000 Y ears Ago with Earliest
Farmers, Study Shows,” University College Dublin News,
http://www.ucd.ie/news/2015/02FEB15/050215-Malocclusion-and-dental-crowding-arose-
12000-years-ago-with-earliest-farmers-study-shows.html ; Ron Pinhasi et al., “Incongruity
between Af finity Patterns Based on Mandibular and Lower Dental Dimensions following the
T ransition to Agriculture in the Near East, Anatolia and Europe,” PLoS One 10, no. 2  ( Feb.
2015): e01 17301.
f i r s t  w i d e s p r e a d  i n s t a n c e s  o f  c r o o k e d  t e e t h :  Jared Diamond, “The W orst Mistake in the History of the
Human Race,” Discover, May 1987, http://discovermagazine.com/1987/may/02-the-worst-
mistake-in-the-history-of-the-human-race ; Jared Diamond, The Thir d Chimpanzee: The
Evolution and Futur e of the Human Animal  (New Y ork: HarperCollins, 1992). T h e  d e a d  w e r e  d o w n s t a i r s :  Natasha Geiling, “Beneath Paris’ s City Streets, There’ s an Empire of Death
W aiting for T ourists,” Smithsonian.com, Mar. 28, 2014,
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/paris-catacombs-180950160 ; “Catacombes de Paris,”
Atlas Obscura, https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/catacombes-de-paris. l a r g e s t  g r a v e y a r d s  o n  E a r t h :  The lar gest being W adi-us-Salaam in Iraq, which contains tens of millions of
bodies. t h e  a v e r a g e  B r i t o n :  Gregori Galofré-V ilà, et al., “Heights across the Last 2000 Y ears in England,”
University of Oxford, Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History, no. 151, Jan. 2017,
32, https://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/materials/working_papers/2830/151-final.pdf. C.W., “Did
Living Standards Improve during the Industrial Revolution?,” The Economist,
https://www.economist.com/free-exchange/2013/09/13/did-living-standards-improve-during-
the-industrial-revolution. t e e t h  r e m o v e d  a l t o g e t h e r :  According to a civil servant at the National Health Service, up to the mid-
1990s it was common for women to be given vouchers to have all their teeth removed beforetheir 16th or 18th birthday in areas around the northeast of England. Letters, London Review of
Books  39, no. 14 (July 2017), https://www.lrb.co.uk/v39/n14/letters. V i c t o r i a n  d e n t i s t  o b s e r v e d :  Review of J. Sim W allace, The Physiology of Oral Hygiene and Recent
Resear ch, with Special Refer ence to Accessory Food Factors and the Incidence of Dental
Caries (London: Ballière, T ind


. Just combine pesto with
enough vegetables to serve the n umber of guests and r oast. I count on it as
a gr eat impr omptu side dish that everyone loves. Rimmed baking sheet, lightly oiled
Pr eheat oven to 375°F (190°C)
MAKES AS MANY SER VINGS AS YOU LIKE
2 or 3 small new potatoes or vegetable cubes per person
2 tbsp (25 mL) Garlic Scape Pesto per serving
(or mor e if you wish)
sea salt and pepper
On prepared baking sheet, combine vegetables and pesto. T oss well to
combine. Grind  salt and pepper  over top. Roast in preheated oven for 20
minutes or until potatoes are tender.Freezing Garlic Scapes
1. Select Equipment:  Se lect suitable-size freezer c ontainers, bags or
Mason jars ( Freezing ). 2. Blanch whole scapes or 1- to 2-inch (2.5 to 5 cm) pieces in boiling
water for 3 minutes. Lift out and plu nge into cold w ater for 3 minutes. Drain and pat dry. Or
raw-pack chopped scapes in 1- or 2-cup (250 to 500 mL) measures. Pack
into containers, leaving a 1-inch  (2.5 cm) headspace. Remove a ir, label and
seal. Freeze for up to 9 months. K o h l r a b i
NA TIVE T O NOR THERN EUROPE, KOHLRABI (BRASSICA
OLERACEA )  is a relative of cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli,
cauliflower and kale. Its name is derived from the apt German term
“cabbage (kohl)  turnip (rabi).”  While the turnip-like globe of the kohlrabi
appears to be a root, it is actually the swollen base of the p lant’ s stem,
which, l ike any stem, sprouts l eaves. Both the green, cabbage-like leaves
and the swollen globe at the bot tom of the stems are eaten. The leaves have
been trimmed of f the kohlrabi in the photograph on the left. Good Pr eserving V arieties
There are a num ber of white (pale green) and purple cultivars. Both of these
have white flesh. Any of the white varieties are excellent for canning:
Early White V ienna:  Few leaves, harvested about 55 days after planting. Elder:  A  tender and fast-maturing (38  days) white type; good for northern
climates. Expr ess For cer:  A whi te type that is heat-tolerant; often “forced” by
covering the emer ging plant and keeping it from turning g reen in the
sunlight. Purple V ienna  is a Kohlrabi variety with a mild, sweet flavour. The skin is crisp and white. I prefer
to use all the purple vegetables raw in order to retain their deep colour. Gigante:  Pro duces an extremely lar ge  bulb that stays tender and is
excellent for canning. Granlibakken:  Non-woody; sweet, mild flavour. Logo:  A white  forcing  type used in Europe for baby vegetable produ ction;
excellent for pickling. Pur chasing/Storing
1 lb  (500 g) yields about 1-3/4 to 2 cups (425 to 500 mL)
diced kohlrabi. Y ou will need 2 to 2-1/2 lb (1 to 1.25 kg) for each quart (1 L)
jar of cubed kohlrabi. Select fi rm, you ng, small globes (no more than 3 inches/8 cm i n diameter). Except f or Giga nte and Kossak, most lar ge, mature kohlrabi is woody and
may have an of f flavour. Cut of f leaves and use in salads  or braise with other greens. While kohlrabi
bulb may be sto red wrapped in plastic in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks,
it is best to preserve it as soon as possible after harvesting. Good W ith
Dill, fennel, basil, bay, thyme, savory. Cinnamon, ginger, cloves, nutmeg. Apples. Other vegetables, such as potatoes, onions, leeks, celery,
cabbage. Béchamel or cheese sauces (cooked in them au gratin). Pr eparationFor cann ing and freezing, wash, peel, slice or cut into 1/2-inch (1 cm) dice
and blanch in boiling water for 2 minutes. Immerse in cold water for 2
minutes. Drain and pat dry. Canning Kohlrabi
See detailed canning information, Preparing and Canning V egetables. 1. Pr epar e Equipment:  W ash and heat pint (2-cup/500 mL) or quart (1 L)
jars, and scald the lids, funnel, ladle and tongs ( Pressure Canner Method ). 2. For every 3 cups (750 mL) diced kohlrabi, bring 2 cups (500 mL)
water or br oth to a boil. 3. Pack diced kohlrabi into jars either hot or raw. Make a  Hot Pack:  Add diced kohlrabi to gently boiling water or broth and
boil for 2 minutes. Drain, reserving cooking liquid. Fill hot jars with hot
kohlrabi cubes, shaking the jar to pack fairly tightly. Pour hot cooking
liquid over kohlrabi cubes, leaving a 1-inch (2.5 cm) headspace. Run a thin
non-metallic ute nsil around the inside of the jar to allow air to escape. Add
hot l iquid, if nec essary, to leave a 1-inch (2.5 cm) headspace. W ipe sealing
edge of jars with a clean, damp, lint-free cloth. Position flat li ds over the
tops of jars and hand-tighten screw bands. OR
Make a Raw Pack:  F ill jars with blanched kohlrabi cubes, shaking the jar
to pack fairly ti ghtly. Cover with hot water or broth, leaving a 1-inch (2.5
cm) hea dspace. Run a thin non- metallic utensil around the inside of the jar
to allow air to escape. W ipe sealing edge of jars with a clean, damp, lint-
free clot h. Posit ion flat lids ov er the tops of jars and hand-tighten screw
bands. 4. P lace jars in  pr essur e canner. Use a P ressure Canner accordi ng to the
following chart for Dial-Gauge or follow manufacturer ’ s instructions.5. Cool, Label and Stor e:  T urn of f heat; let pressure return to zero
naturally. Once gauge shows 0 pressure, wait 2 minutes then open the vent. Unlock and remove canner lid. W ait 10 minutes then lift jars from canner
and place on a clean towel or ra ck. Do not re-tighten screw ba nds. Let the
jars cool  to room temperature. T his may take from 12 to 24 hours. Remove
and store screw bands. Check lid seals ( Pressure Canner Method ). W ipe and
label sealed jars. Store in a cool, dark place. k o h l  r e l i s h
Cabbage and kohlrabi combi ne nicely in this tasty r elish, and the
horseradish pr o vides a piquant perk. If you use your own dill seed, it will
have a lustier taste and ar oma than anything you can buy. MAKES 8 CUPS (2 L)
5 cups (1.25 L) diced kohlrabi
3 cups (750 mL) finely chopped gr een cabbage
3 cups (750 mL) apple cider vinegar
1–1/2 cups (375 L) granulated sugar
1 cup (250 mL) chopped onion
1 cup (250 mL) chopped celery
1 tbsp (15 mL) pr epar ed horseradish
1 tbsp (15 mL) pickling salt1 tbsp (15 mL) dill seed

1. In a s aucepan, cover kohlrabi  with water. Bring to a boil ove r high heat. Reduce heat and boil gently for about 10 minutes, to soften it slightly. 2. Heat four 1-pint (2-cup/500  mL) jars or 2 quart (1 L) jars in boiling
water, and scald the lids, lifter,  funnel and tongs ( Boiling W ater Method,
Step by Step ). 3. In a M aslin pan or canning kettle, combine kohlrabi, cabba ge, vinegar,
sugar, o nions, c elery, horseradi sh, salt and dill. Bring to a bo il over high
heat, stir ring co nstantly. Reduce  heat and boil gently, stirring occasionally,
for abou t 20 minutes or until v egetables are tender and liquid is reduced
somewhat. 4. Fill hot jars with hot relish, leaving a 1/2-inch (1 cm) headspace. Run a
thin non-metalli c utensil around the inside of the jar to allow a ir to