Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frAfter several years of such a nutritive regime,
you will feel that your body does not recognize a
different beginning of a meal. As a result, you
can increase the consumption of fresh vegetables
and fruits to make them c omprise 60% of your
diet. Fresh vegetables, fruits and juices made
with them are all rich in vigor. Their tissues are
rich in energy, they support the structure of
body tissues and skin elasticity.
50% of an ideal diet comprises raw fruits and
vegetables. Cellulose and pectin contained in
most plant products are called ballast sub-
stances, since they are not absorbed by the body.
These substances are necessary, they play an im-
portant role in the process of digestion: they set
the intestinal hormonal system in motion, and
the whole body through it, regulating the
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frintestinal motor function; create a favorable mi-
croflora in the gastrointestinal tract, which is
partially used by the body as a full -fledged live
protein, with protein taking up a 10% share. Pro-
tein can be in the form of meat, fish, eggs, natural
cheese, or in vegetable form, i.e., nuts and seeds.
Brewer's yeast, bread and sprouted wheat soup
are also an important part of a protein diet. They
are especially indispensable as suppliers of vita-
mins B, E and D.
The remaining products are divided into three
parts. One -third (30%) is natural starch, ob-
tained from cereals and legumes. Another third
(at least 5%) are natural sugars, which are con-
tained in dried fruits, honey, and fresh juices.
The last third (no more than 5%) consists of nat-
ural fats, such as sunflower, corn and olive oil,
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frnatural lard, butter and ghee. People who are
prone to obesity should avoid eating sugar,
bread and cereals. Alternatively, they should be
consumed in minimal quantities, and  the por-
ridge must be freshly boiled. Chewing thor-
oughly is an absolute must. When eating
quickly, a person consumes 3 -5 times more por-
ridge than necessary. This leads to obesity. If you
use a small amount, chewing it to the con-
sistency of milk, then const ipation disappears,
bowel motility improves (at the time of chewing,
motility accelerates fourfold), congestion in the
gastrointestinal tract is eliminated.
The recovery period should be two times
longer than the fast. Try eating properly at least
during this period. The daily routine during the
recovery period remains approximately the
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frsame (walks, physiotherapy procedures, occupa-
tional therapy, active rest), but for thin people
special procedures may be added, such as full -
body oil massage (especially the  lower back) and
hot baths. Overweight people should employ
sauna and body massage with boiled down
urine. By observing such a sensible fasting pro-
gram, you will be filled with life force, and fast-
ing will become an indispensable part of your
life. Day aft er day, watching the miracle of re-
newal happening in your mind and body, you
will enjoy living the new healthy life, which
makes you more perfect and healthy every day.
For a excellent cleansing and purification of the
body, you have to take mixed turpentine baths as
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frper Zalmanov’s27 recommendations at the time
of withdrawal. The total number of baths equals
10.

13.7. How to prepare Bolotov’s whey (se-
rum)
Pour cold boiled well or spring water into a
clean 3 -liter jar.

27 Aleksandr Zalmanov (1875 -1965) was a famous naturopathic
physician  and gerontologist. He  proposed  a method of capillaries
restoration with special bath tonic which includes organic  turpen-
tine. He claimed  yellow and white bath tonic or emulsion can be
used for treatment of different acute and chronic diseases, such as
diseases of nervous system, polyneuritis, multiple sclerosis, leucae-
mia, presenility, chronic prostatitis, immunopath ological dis-
eases, allergies, chronic bronchitis, chronic pneumonia, sexual dis-
function.

Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frDissolve 1 cup of sugar and 1 teaspoon  of
homemade sour cream in water. Half a cup of
celandine grass (dry or fresh, but clean, without
mold) should be placed in a gauze bag and
drowned at the bottom of the can with a sinker.
Neck cans tie a gauze in 3 layers.
Infuse kvass for two weeks at roo m tempera-
ture in a dark place. You have to keep an eye on
it - remove mold from the surface and filter the
liquid if sediment appears.
2 weeks later, 1 liter of ready -made kvass is
poured from a 3 -liter jar into a 1 -liter glass bottle
with a cap. This is a  portion for about 3 days of
intake.
Add 1 liter of water to the 3 -liter jar and add
1/3 cup of sugar.
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.fr3 days later, the brew will be ready again. You
can continue in this manner without changing
the celandine for up to 2 months, adding water
and sugar.
Take between 1 tbsp. and 0.5 cup 20 -30
minutes prior to meals 3 times a day for 2 weeks.
Then, take it once a day for a month to consoli-
date the effect.

13.8. What are the potential  complications
during withdrawal from fasting?
When you come out of a short -term dry fast,
there are usually no serious complications, but
you still need to know about them. Complica-
tions most often occur with reckless people who
are not aware of their actions. Anything you
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frundertake should be taken seriously, and the is-
sues related to personal health are twice as im-
portant. Therefore, if you decide to practice fast-
ing yourself, heed attention to it. Master the
method gradually, study the resources, others’
experience and, most importantly, watch your-
self. If, after short -term fasting, you start over-
eating and cannot control your behavior, do not
undertake long fasts in any case.
So, here are the main complications:

• Overeating in the first days after fasting.  If,
however, this happens after fasting and you
have overfilled your stomach, you must in-
duce vomiting and flush the stomach. Then
resume the withdrawal in the usual manner. If
you overeat later on, conduct a one -day fast,
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frthen continue to withdraw using proper
foods.
• Edema, urinary retention. A rather frequent
complication. It occurs due to the fact that
during fasting the body expends potassium
and the intake of salty foods in the early stages
of recovery contributes to the accumulation of
sodium, and as  a result, of water, in the cells.
Although it can be also observed even with
proper withdrawal from fasting after long pe-
riods of time and in beginners. Usually, it
manifests through rapid weight gain. The
amount of urine is reduced, and swelling of
the face and the legs may appear. If such
symptoms occur, salty foods and salt -contain-
ing foods should be excluded from the diet.
Attempt to eat nothing on this day, take 3
Copyright © Vera Giovanna Bani 2019 www.dryfasting.infoThis Ebook was purchased by Gilberto Franchi email: gilbertofranchi@hotmail.frtablespoons of sorbents diluted in one glass of
water, 4 times a day every three hours, then
take 40 g


.

Fortunately, there is an easy alternative. We can double the size of ou r salad and replace the fat with a fruit-based dressing,
such as raspberries blended with celery. A fruit-based dressing adds en ough calories to the salad to make it a substantial meal, while
keeping the total calories from fat right where we want them. This si mple dressing adds beautiful color to the salad, and most folks
tell me they love it.

Fatty Fruits—and Lots of Them
Most fruits have very little fat, usually less than ten percen t of total calories. A few “fatty fruits,” notably the avocado and the oli ve,
derive about three-quarters of their calories from fat.
Proponents of low-carbohydrate diets and many raw food programs suggest that  we eat these high-fat foods in unlimited
quantities because they are so low in carbohydrates. We are told that the  fats in these fruits have the right S/P ratio and should be
considered “good” for us.
However, when we eat a large quantity of fatty fruits, we cannot possibl y consume enough carbohydrates. If you like being
lulled into lethargy both physically and mentally by your food, then eat fa tty fruits in unlimited quantity. If you prefer feeling energized
and sharp minded, go for the sweet fruits instead. On days that you choose fat ty fruits, be sure that they represent your total fat
consumption for the day.
Worthy of special mention because of its increasing popularity in raw f ood circles is the moderately fatty durian. Running 20 to
30% fat, depending on whose numbers you use, the durian can be a wonderful addition  to the 80/10/10  diet on occasion, making a
delicious and satisfying meal, all by itself. This large, spiky, exotic pod, w hose rich, aromatic fruit is reminiscent of sweet custard, is
considered a prime delicacy in Southeast Asia.
Eaten infrequently, durian will create a slight blip on your fat r adar screen for a day or two … nothing to be concerned about.
As an occasional indulgence, you could do a lot worse.
In higher volume, I would be more concerned with lack of freshness and chem ical contamination than I would be with the fat
content of this sweet treat. Most durian available in the West is impor ted frozen from Thailand and therefore cannot be considered
fresh food. And sadly, the durian supply is notorious for its heavy treatmen t with unnecessary agrochemicals. If you want truly fresh, safe durian, travel to Southern California, F lorida, or a tropical location and find a farmer who is willing
to share his or her cultivation practices in detail.

What Raw Fooders Are Actually Eating
At the 2004 International Festival of Raw and Living Foods in Portland, Oreg on, we analyzed a typical day’s food intake for
a curious young lady from Hawaii who attended one of my lectures. She observ ed that, living in the tropics, she seemed to eat more
fruit (and thus less fat) than other raw fooders she knew. Still, she su spected that she was eating more fat than she realized.
Sure enough, when we ran the numbers, we found that on her average day, sh e consumed a total of 2,400 calories, 45% from
fat. In her “typical” day, she described eating 2 oranges, 6 bananas, 1 p apaya, and two salads. The oil, nuts, seeds, and avocado
interspersed within these meals caused her fat to total more than fou r times the maximum 10% target. Here is the breakdown:

A 75% Fat Salad Is Not Unusual!
Most folks tell me that they eat at least one “healthy” salad every da y. They eagerly want to believe that they are really not
eating that much fat. A “large” green salad, including a 12-oz. medium -sized head of romaine lettuce, 3 medium tomatoes, and 1
cucumber would contain 169 calories, 17 of which would come from fat (our calcula tions say that vegetables average about 10% of
calories from fat, and this example verifies the assertion).
A dressing that blends three tablespoons of oil (360 calories), ¼ cup of pi ne nuts (229 calories), and some cilantro, salt, and
lemon juice would supply 590 calories—555 of them from fat. Dice in a 6-oz. avocado ( 284 calories), and the resulting 1,042-
calorie meal would provide 194 calories from carbohydrates, 61 from protein, a nd 791—more than 75%—of its calories from fat!
The caloronutrient ratio would be roughly 18/6/76, the exact opposite of what we a re looking for. This much fat cannot ever make
for a balanced or nutritious meal.
Let’s suppose that this 75%-fat salad provided half of your daily calorie s, the other half coming from two smaller meals plus
several snacks. By day’s end, even if all your other meals contained zer o fat (a theoretical impossibility), you would end up with
38% fat overall. More likely, however, if you are on a raw diet, you will eat a ha ndful of nuts now and then, add a bit of oil to a
smoothie or avocado to a raw soup, have a few olives or some durian, or perhaps break open  a coconut. All of these foods add
substantial fat to your day, and there you have it—60% or even (much) more  of your calories coming from fat … every day.
Even if you eat eight or ten pieces of fruit per day with such a salad, on a 2,000 c alorie diet, such a program would probably
send your caloronutrient ratio for the day into the range of 50% + calories from fat.

Chapter 9. Stabilizing Body Weight

We have been able to determine our percentage of body fat fairly accurate ly since that fateful day over 2,000 years ago when
Archimedes ran naked through the streets of his hometown yelling “Eu reka!” having discovered while bathing a valid method of
pyknometry—the science of measuring and comparing the densities or  specific gravities of liquids or solids. However, it wasn’t until
the last few decades that this issue became important to anyone but worl d-class athletes.
Today, as monitoring our weight has become a national pastime, more and more pe ople are becoming aware of the
relationship between body fat and total body weight. Still, the misconception s and misunderstandings about body composition are
widespread.

What People Don’t Know About Body Composition
Undoubtedly, weight control and its implications are issues of huge import ance. The side effects of obesity are innumerable,
and they spill over into every realm of our private and social lives. As ou r weight progresses beyond healthy, normal levels, we
compromise our mental health, self-image, fitness, personal hygiene, job performance, relationships, and many other things. But what
constitutes our body mass, and how does understanding this aid us in achievi ng our weight goals?
Three elements comprise our total weight: water, lean tissue, and fa t. Water makes up as much as 70% of our total mass. 66
Lean tissue includes our bones, muscle, and other nonfatty mass. Fat cons titutes the rest of our weight. Lean tissue holds more water
and is denser than fat. The high water content of lean tissue easily  transmits electrical signals, a fact underlying the most common
method of measuring body-fat percentage, the bioimpedance monitor. 67
In the not-so-distant past, when virtually everyone carried a relat ively low body-fat percentage and harbored little excess
water weight, weight alone served as a fairly accurate predictor  of a person’s shape. Today, as obesity consumes more than half of
the population, weight alone is no longer an adequate indicator of what we mi ght look like.
In order to better understand the nuances of body composition and the relations hips among water, lean tissue, and fat, we
must look deeper into the science of weight loss and weight gain. Consider t he following:

We Can Gain Water Weight While Losing Fat
Loss of fat is typically accompanied by a loss of weight, but not always. It is  possible to gain muscle and/or water weight while
losing fat. We can very easily gain more in water weight than we los e in fat, yielding a net gain in weight. This is true because water
weighs much more than fat, volume for volume, so that a little gain in w ater weight can equal or exceed the amount lost in
conjunction with a considerable amount of body fat.
Even if you are steadily losing fat, the simple addition of a little extr a salt in the diet can negate any potential weight loss. The
great volume of water that the body must take on to dilute the toxins in s alt, in any form, results in a net weight gain. (See “Is eating
sea salt all right?”)

We Can Also Gain Muscle Weight While Losing Fat
It is possible, but not as common—since muscle growth tends to be fa irly slow—to exercise enough so that you gain more weight in
muscle than you lose in fat, resulting in an overall weight gain. Wh en all other factors remain equal, however, fat loss does result in
weight loss.

W e Can Be “T oo Skinny”


 about their health until forced to bysome painful condition. If you are already sick there are a number of supplementsyou can take which have the potential to shorten the duration and severity of theillness, and hopefully prevent a recurrence.
The sicker you are, the more supplements you will require; as health is
regained, the dosage and variety of substances can be reduced. In chronic illness,megadoses of many nutrients are usually beneficial. Any sick adult should begin alife extension vitamin program unless they are highly allergic to so many thingsalready that they can not tolerate many kinds of vitamins as well. In addition to the
life extension program, vitamin C should be taken by the chronically ill at a dose
from 10 to 25 grams daily, depending on the severity of the condition.
Many people want to know whether or not they should take their regular food
supplements during a fast. On a water fast most supplements in a hard tablet formwill not be broken down at all, and often can be seen floating by in the colonicviewing tube looking exactly like it did when you swallowed it. This waste can beavoided by crushing or chewing (yuck) the tablets, before swallowing.Encapsulated vitamins usually are absorbed, but if you want to make sure, openthe capsule and dump it in the back of your mouth before swallowing with water.Powdered vitamins (Life Extension Foundation sells them) are well absorbed.
On a water fast the body is much more sensitive to any substance introduced,
so as a general rule it is not a good idea to take more than one half your regulardose of food supplements. Most fasters do fine without any supplements. Manypeople get an upset stomach from supplements on an empty stomach, and thesepeople should not take any during a water fast unless they develop symptoms ofmineral deficiencies (usually a pre-existing condition) such as leg cramps andtremors, these symptoms necessitate powdered or well-chewed-up mineralsupplement. Minerals don’t taste too bad to chew, just chalky.
The same suggestions regarding dosage of supplements for a water fast are
also true for a juice fast or vegetable broth fast. On a raw food cleansing diet thefull dose of supplements should be taken with meals.
There exists an enormous body of data about vitamins; books and magazine
articles are always touting some new product or explaining the uses of an old one.If you want to know more about using ordinary vitamins you’ll find leads in thebibliography to guide your reading. However, there is one “old” vitamin and a fewnewer and relatively unknown life extending substances that are so useful andimportant to handling illness that I would like to tell you more about them.
Vitamin C  is one of the first ones ever identified. If you are one of those
people that just hate taking vitamins, and you were for some reason willing to take
only one, vitamin C would be your best choice because it helps enormously with
any infection and in invaluable in tissue healing and rebuilding collagen. If I wasgoing on a long trip and didn’t want to pack a lot of weight, my first choice wouldbe to insure three to six grams of vitamin C for daily use when I was healthy (I’dtake the optimum dose—ten grams a day—if weight were no limitation). I’d alsocarry enough extra C to really beef up my intake when dealing with anunexpected acute illness or accident.
When traveling to far away places, exposed to a whole new batch of
organisms, frequently having difficulty finding healthy foods, going through timezones, losing nights of sleep, it is easy to become enervated enough to catch alocal cold or flu. If I have brought lots of extra vitamin C with me I know that myimmune system will be able to conquer just about anything—as long as I also stopeating and can take an enema. I also like to have vitamin C as a part of my firstaid kit because if I experience a laceration, a sprain, broken bone, or a burn, Ican increase my internal intake as well as apply it liberally directly on the damagedskin surface. Vitamin C can be put directly in the eye in a dilute solution withdistilled water for infections and injuries, in the ear for ear infections, and in thenose for sinus infections. If you are using the acid form of C (ascorbic acid) and itsmarts too much, make a more dilute solution, or switch to the alkaline form of C(calcium ascorbate) which can be used as a much more concentrated solutionwithout a stinging sensation. Applied directly on the skin C in solution makes avery effective substitute for sun screen. It doesn’t filter out ultraviolet, it beefs upthe skin to better deal with the insult.
I believe vitamin C can deal with a raging infection such as pneumonia as well
or better than antibiotics. But to do that, C is going to have to be administered atthe maximum dose the body can process. This is easily discoverable by a ‘boweltolerance test’ which basically means you keep taking two or three grams of Ceach hour, (preferably in the powdered, most rapidly assimilable form) until youget a runny stool (the trots). The loose stool happens when there is so much C
entering the small intestine that it is not all absorbed, but is instead, passed through
to the large intestine. At that point cut back just enough that the stool is only alittle loose, not runny. At this dose, your blood stream will be as saturated byvitamin C as you can achieve by oral ingestion.
It can make an important difference which type of vitamin C is taken because
many people are unable to tolerate the acid form of C beyond 8 or 10 grams aday, but they can achieve a therapeutic dose without discomfort with the alkaline(buffered) vitamin C products such as calcium ascorbate, sodium ascorbate, ormagnesium-potassium ascorbates.
Vitamin C also speeds up the healing of internal tissues and damaged
connective tissue. Damaged internal tissues might include stomach ulcers (use thealkaline form of vitamin C only), bladder and kidney infections (acid form usuallybest), arthritic disorders with damage to joints and connective tissue (alkalineform usually best). Sports injuries heal up a lot faster with a therapeutic dose ofvitamin C. As medicine, vitamin C should be taken at the rate of one or twograms every two hours (depending on the severity of the condition), spaced out toavoid unnecessary losses in the urine which happens if it were taken ten grams ata time. If you regularly use the acid form of vitamin C powder, which is thecheapest, be sure to use a straw and dissolve it in water or juice so that the aciddoes not dissolve the enamel on your teeth over time.
And this is as good a point as any to mention that just like broccoli is not
broccoli, a vitamin is not necessarily a vitamin. Vitamins are made by chemicaland pharmaceutical companies. To make this confusion even more interesting, thebusiness names that appear on vitamin bottles are not the real manufacturers.Bronson’s Pharmaceuticals is a distributor and marketer, not a manufacturer. Thesame is true of every vitamin company I know of. These companies buy bulkproduct by the barrel or sack; then encapsulate, blend and roll pills, bottle andlabel, advertise and make profit. The point of all this is that some actual vitamin
manufacturers produce very high quality products and others shortcut. Vitamin
distributors must make ethical (or unethical) choices about their suppliers.
It is beyond the scope of this book to be a manual for going into the vitamin
business. However, there are big differences in how effective vitamins with thesame chemical name are and the differences hinge on who actually brewed themup.
For example, there are at least two quality levels of vitamin C on the market
right now. The pharmaceutical grade is made by Roche or BASF. Another form,it could be called “the bargain barrel brew,” is made in China. Top quality vitaminC is quite a bit more costly; as I write this, the price differential is about 40percent between the cheap stuff and the best. This can make a big difference inbottle price and profit. Most of the discount retail vitamin companies use theChinese product.
There’s more than a price difference. The vitamin C from China contains
measurable levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, iron and other toxic metals. TheFDA allows this slightly contaminated product to be sold in the US because theRecommended Daily Allowance for vitamin C is a mere 60 milligrams per day.Taken at that level, the toxic metals would, as the FDA sees it, do no harm.However, many users of vitamin C take 100 to 200 times the RDA. The cheapform of C would expose them to potentially toxic levels of heavy metal poisons.The highly refined top-quality product removes impurities to a virtuallyundetectable level.
I buy my C from Bronson who ethically gives me the quality stuff. I know for a
fact that the vitamin C sold by Prolongevity is also top quality. I’ve had clientswho bought cheaper C than Bronson’s and discovered it was not quite likeBronson’s in appearance or taste. More importantly, it did not seem to have thesame therapeutic effect.
The distributors I’ve mentioned so far, Bronson, NOW, Cooper, Prolongevity
and Vitamin Research Products are all knowledgeable about differences between
actual manufacturers and are ethical, buying and reselling only high quality
products. Other distributors I believe to be reputable include Twin Labs, Schiffand Plus. I know there are many other distributors with high ethic levels but I cannot evaluate all their product lines. And as I’ve mentioned earlier, businessescome and go rather quickly, but I hope my book will be read for decades. I doknow that


 day in the ornamental nursery. It was to be very, very light work. She was to continue on the lemon and water and a very light diet, along with lots of vegetable juices, very low carbohydrates, a little fruit for break-fast and no more throughout the day. She continued to lose 50 pounds a month until her weight dropped to 260 pounds, which was about normal for her big size. To this day sh e is still that size. This was in
1968.
The refractometer I had given her is an instrument to measure the
total carbohydrates in the urine. She kept her urinary sugar between land 2. She had to keep it there and it  was very difficult to do because
her own fats turned to sugar. But she did it and is the picture of health today. She can pick up and carry 300 to 400 pounds.
This is one case where the birth control pill caused overweight. It caused the pancreas to stop manufacturing thyroxine. The pancreas takes the glycogen from the liver and manufactures
thyroxine out of it. It goes to the thyroid gland which adds potassium to it, and the potassium then forms with the thyroxine and forms a substance similar to grandma's old-fashioned soap, which dissolves the excessive oils in our body and is a weight-control factor. It is the governor for weight. The birth cont rol pill upset the thyroxine manu-105 facturing in the pancreas and therefore it didn't manufacture enough
and the lady just kept putting on weig ht. This is one great cause of
overweight.
You can go on all the calorie-counting diets you want and if this is
the problem you will starve to death and still won't lose any weight.
There are other factors involved also, but this is a very serious one
that really upsets the weight. If the pancreas should manufacture too much thyroxine and the thyroid adds potassium to it, then you would have trouble putting on weight. If it doesn't manufacture enough you will have too much weight. Doctors give thyroid extract with the po-tassium for the thyroid gland, which is the worn-out cell of the thyroid gland. The thyroxine is the cell that is not worn-out. Which makes all the difference in the world in the results you get.
You may have a case wherein the pancreas is manufacturing the
right amount of thyroxine, but the body does not have enough potassi-um, therefore, you can be over or under weight from that problem. But probably it would be overweight. But it may be either one. The RBTI test tells us definitely whether this is the cause of overweight, or whether it is something else.
The reason the liver is not manufacturing enough glycogen is that
there are not enough calciums of the right kind present.
Therefore the liver doesn't have the material to make the amino
acids that the pancreas needs to manufacture the thyroxine to control the body weight. For people who are too skinny the thyroid manufac-tures too much thyroxine. For the overweight it doesn't manufacture enough thyroxine. This is easily remedied by the correct diet.
Overweight can be a genetic cause. You cannot do very much
about the weight if it is a genetic thing because the genes at the time of conception determine your weight throughout your life. Many peo-ple will be thin until they reach 50 years of age, or varying ages, and then it's a matter of looking like se nior citizens. Generally people with
big bones, broad shoulders, big head, and large feet have more weight than they want. But if it is a genetic  normal weight there isn't anything
you can do about it. 106 If your body is in any range outside of A of the RBTI test you can
take a diet and bring your body back to range A, and then your body
weight will drop to its genetic normal. However, it may not be the weight you desire. You will generally look in weight like some of your aunts, uncles, or grandparents, but you'll wish you didn't.
Another cause of overweight is a lack of calciums in the diet,
which can cause extreme nervousness. These people eat, eat and eat. This is not obesity, this is a nervous condition. They eat in order to overcome the nervousness. In eating they are trying to get more calci-ums and yet the body doesn't pick it up. Nature is craving food like an alcoholic craves his drink, as a person who is on pot craves dope. Hence the gaining of weight. Also, we find that by eating it helps to control temper. If these persons don't eat they become very irritable, and very difficult to live with.
Other causes of overweight: • People who eat too much fats, foods that are too rich, too much
carbohydrates, and especially those who eat them late at night (espe-cially carbohydrates) when the body already has a sufficient amount.
• Eating too much potato and bread. The starch in the potato can
be converted very easily into sugar by the liver. A very poor choice of foods can be the cause of overweight.
• Not drinking enough distilled water, to regulate the foods. • Slow digestion of food. It digests so slowly until the body chem-
istry is starving all the time. They eat all they can hold, feel stuffed.
• Skip breakfast, have a brunch. At noon they have a lunch, and in
the evening eat a big, big meal. They get up feeling miserable in the morning. They feel like something the cat has drug in, and they can't do one-tenth of the work that they  ought to be doing. They are trying
to hold a job. They are upset and irritable. The brunch does not even digest. They have their lips poked out for someone to step on, and generally someone accommodates them before the day is over. Their favorite song is that "Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen." This too can cause overweight: just plain frustration.
These are factors that need to be determined before we can pin-
point the cause and effect of overweight. 107 Weight is very easy to control.  Anyone who will keep the carbo-
hydrate sugar level between 1 and 2 of the RBTI test, eat a great varie-
ty of foods, especially vegetabl es, and cut down on meats (way down
on all kind of meats, and do away with the eating of unclean meats), I have never seen one person whose weight wouldn't drop to its genetic level. (By unclean meat I am speaking of those referred to in Leviticus 11: pork and all its products, including ham, bacon, sausage, pork chops, spare ribs, pork roast, salt bacon, cracklings-any part of a hog is unclean to man. All the shell fish, including shrimp, tuna, mackerel, catfish, oysters, lobster, clams, scallops. Any fish without fins and scales is unclean for human consumption. Then there is also the rab-bit, guinea pig, crow, buzzard, bald eagle, muskrat, and snakes.) The unclean meats digest in a period of an average of three hours, causing more energy to be released than a body can consume.
The clean meats digest in an average of 18 hours, giving the per-
son a chance to use the energy as it is made available. The same prin-ciple is putting high-test gasoline in the car that is not manufactured for it. The car will run better if regular gasoline is used.
The high-test gasoline will burn up the pistons and the valves. The
steel and the iron is not tempered for the heat of the high-test gasoline.
I am against the abuse of foods. Use temperance in all things. I am not against fried chicken, but  there are people who have it
every day. I am not against coffee, but there are people who drink 20-30 cups a day. Coffee many times can be an asset to people with ar-thritis or bladder or urinary problems, even weight problems. Coffee with chickory is good for people with low calciums and have nervous disorders. Coffee should be weak enough for you to see the bottom of the cup for it to be a diuretic.
Watermelon juice can be a very fine diuretic, providing that you
are not fat, or do not have high blood sugar. Some people can take wa-termelon juice and have high blood sugar without raising it, but some cannot.
There are conditions in which pe ople have high blood sugar and
also urinary problems. These kind of conditions require opposite diets. Even in a retreat under the very best of controlled diet, it is sometimes 108 very difficult to make a diet that will show immediate improvements
for the person to recognize the improvement. However, in a retreat the
testers and the doctors who are supe rvising can tell from one test to
another whether the person is improving or not. No one is kept in a re-treat whose body does not respond to diet. If the body chemistry does not respond in seven days they are asked to leave because it simply means that the RBTI is not effective for their body chemistry.
There is less than one percent of all people tested whose body
chemistry will not respond to these tests.
There are people who come too late to the retreat. But if we can
keep a person living for 30 days, and their body chemistry continues to improve, and they follow through on the diet after they go home, take the test as instructed, as far as we know, they all get well.
There are people who wish to go back into their old way of


 your dietary needs.
Consuming our modern refined diet makes it very difficult for us to meet the minimum standards for
nutrient intakes. For example, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Survey found that 65.1% of all adult
women and 55.4% of all adult men are below the standard of one gram of calcium intake per day.
34
Without this basic mineral, it is no wonder why tooth decay is so prevalent, affecting close to 90% of
our population.Weston Price's Tooth Decay Curing Protocol
Ultimately choosing the best diet rests in your hands. I will discuss several protocols for
remineralizing tooth decay. But first we will examine Dr. Price's highly effective nutrition protocol.
In a long term experiment with seventeen individuals who had severe tooth decay, the number of teeth
with active decay was reduced 250 times using Dr. Price’s nutritional program. In this group,
approximately half of all teeth had been affected by decay prior to the nutritional program. After the
nutritional program, only two new cavities formed in the entire group within a three-year period,
which is a recurrence rate of 0.4%.
35
 Dr. Price wrote:
This form of nutritional control of dental caries is so satisfactory that I can recommend
it with confidence as adequate to control well over 95 per cent of dental caries.
36
In twenty seven cases of severe tooth decay in children, the diet that follows was sufficient to stop
cavities in every case and turn soft cavities hard and glassy. An interesting note about this success is
that the home meals of the children were not changed. They continued to eat white bread, vegetable
fat, white flour pancakes with syrup and doughnuts fried in vegetable fat.
37
 Just one healthy meal a
day, as described for growing school children, was sufficient to prevent dental caries from forming.
About four ounces of tomato juice or orange juice and a teaspoonful of a mixture of
equal parts of a very high vitamin natural cod liver oil and an especially high vitamin
butter was given at the beginning of the meal. They then received a bowl containing
approximately a pint of a very rich vegetable and meat stew, made largely from bone
marrow and fine cuts of tender meat: the meat was usually broiled separately to retain
its juice and then chopped very fine and added to the bone marrow meat soup which
always contained finely chopped vegetables and plenty of very yellow carrots; for the
next course they had cooked fruit, with very little sweetening, and rolls made from
freshly ground whole wheat, which were spread with the high-vitamin butter. The wheat
for the rolls was ground fresh every day in a motor driven coffee mill. Each child was
also given two glasses of fresh whole milk. The menu was varied from day to day, and
fish chowder or animal organs substituted the meat stew.
38
Another quote from Dr. Price’s protocol:
The quantity of the mixture of butter oil and cod liver oil required is quite small, half a
teaspoonful three times a day with meals is sufficient to control wide-spread tooth decay
when used with a diet that is low in sugar and starches and high in foods providing the
minerals, particularly phosphorus. A teaspoonful a day divided between two or three
meals is usually adequate to prevent dental caries and maintain a high immunity; it will
also maintain freedom from colds and a high level of health in general. This
reinforcement of the fat-soluble vitamins to a menu that is low in starches and sugars,
together with the use of bread and cereal grains freshly ground to retain the full content
of the embryo or germ, and with milk for growing children and for many adults, and the
liberal use of sea foods and organs of animals, produced the result described.
39Guidelines for healing a child with severe tooth decay, rheumatic fever and arthritis:
The important change that I made in this boy's dietary program was the removal of the
white flour products and in their stead the use of freshly cracked or ground wheat and
oats used with whole milk to which was added a small amount of specially high vitamin
butter produced by cows pasturing on green wheat. Small doses of a high-vitamin,
natural cod liver oil were also added.
40
Sugars and sweets and white flour products were eliminated as far as possible. Freshly
ground cereals were used for breads and gruels. Bone marrow was included in stews.
Liver and a liberal supply of whole milk, green vegetables and fruits were provided. In
addition, he was provided with a butter that was very high in vitamins having been
produced by cows fed on a rapidly growing green grass. The best source for this is a
pasturage of wheat and rye grass.
41
Dr. Price's Protocol Summarized
2-3 times daily for a total of 1 to 1½ teaspoons of the mixture:
¼ teaspoon of fermented cod liver oil
- taken together with -
¼ teaspoon of high vitamin butter oil
Two+ cups of raw grass fed whole fat milk daily
Bone marrow frequently
Beef and fish stews
Liberal use of sea foods including the organs
Liberal use of organs of land animals especially liver
Lots of green vegetables and some cooked fruit
4 ounces of tomato juice, or orange juice (high in vitamin C) daily
Fine cuts of red meat
Freshly ground whole wheat and/or oats daily * (See note on whole grains. I no longer recommend
doing this part of the program.)
White flour productsSkim milk
Sugar and other sweeteners
*
Grains Note
: Later in this book I provide a special section on how to properly use grains. Typically
whole, freshly ground grains as described in Dr. Price’s quotes will contribute to cavities due to
grain anti-nutrients or hidden intestinal inflammation such as celiac disease. It’s not that grains
themselves are poor food choices, but that we must be extra careful in how we prepare and use them.
Simply grinding grains fresh is not enough to remove significant amounts of plant toxins like phytic
acid. Had Dr. Price known this at the time, his protocol would have been even more effective.
We will adapt Dr. Price’s seminal research with decades of other supportive studies and findings,
and then unite the sum to create potent tooth cavity healing programs. I leave you with words from Dr.
Price.
There is a nutritional basis for modern physical, mental and moral degeneration.
42Chapter 2 References
1
 Price, W. A.
Journal of the American Dental Association
, 1936: 888.
2
 Ibid., 26.
3
 Ibid.
4
 Ibid.
5
 Ibid., 35.
6
 Ibid., 39.
7
 Ibid., 27.
8
 Price, “Why Dental Caries with Modern Civilizations? V. An Interpretation of Field Studies Previously Reported,” 278.
9
 Figures have been rounded up for simplicity
10
 op. cit., p. 27.
11
 Price, “Why Dental Caries with Modern Civilizations? V. An Interpretation of Field Studies Previously Reported,” 278.
12
 Ibid., 35.
13
 op. cit., p. 38.
14
 Ibid., 45.
15
 Ibid., 44.
16
 Ibid.
17
 Ibid., 49.
18
 Ibid.
19
 Ibid.
20
 Ibid. 50.
21
 Ibid 49.
22
 Ibid., 55-57.
23
 Price, W.A.
Dental Digest
, Figure Ten.
24
 Price, W. A. Nutrition and Physical Degeneration 6th Edition. La Mesa: Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation; 2004: op. cit., p. 441.
25
 op. cit., p. 171.
26
 op. cit., p. 173.
27
 op. cit., p. 174.
28
 Ibid., 186.
29
 Fallon, S. and Enig, M. Australian Aborigines-- Living Off the Fat of the Land, Available At:
http://www.westonaprice.org/traditional_diets/australian_aborigines.html
30
 Price, W. A. Nutrition and Physical Degeneration 6th Edition. La Mesa: Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation; 2004: op. cit., p. 174.
31
 op. cit., p. 275-276.
32
 Price, W. A. Nutrition and Physical Degeneration
6th Edition
. La Mesa: Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation; 2004:415.
33
 Price, Weston A. "Field Studies among Some African Tribes on the Relation of Their Nutrition
to the Incidence of Dental Caries and Dental Arch Deformities"
Journal. A.D.A.
 23:888, May 1936.
34
 SUPPLEMENTARY DATA TABLES, USDA’s 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, Table Set 12, US
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Available at:
http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12355000/pdf/Supp.PDF
.
35
 Price, W. A.
Nutrition and Physical Degeneration 6th Edition.
La Mesa: Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation; 2004:295.
36
 Ibid., 432.
37
 Price, W. A.
Nutrition and Physical Degeneration 8th Edition.
La Mesa: Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation; 2008:391-392.
38
 Price, W. A.
Nutrition and Physical Degeneration 6th


 a power -
ful diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and cell membrane protector from freezing dam -
age, properties, he argued, that could potentially counteract cerebral edema buildup resulting from increased ICP. The research project was approved, and the first series of experiments involving traumatic brain injury in rhesus monkeys were scheduled soon after. A vivid account by Jack C. de la Torre described in a letter to a colleague what happened on the very first experiment following a single, acute intravenous dose of DMSO as the primary treatment for this devastating brain insult.
I remember it was bitterly cold in Chicago that March morning of 1971. Tucked away
on a corner of the second floor of Billings Hospital, my technician and I struggled with
a myriad of cables, wires and electronic monitors set up to detect any changes in the brain-injured animal lying on the table. I was a newly appointed Assistant Professor 139 DMSO in Basic Neuroprotection
to the Division of Neurosurgery at the University of Chicago, the lowest professorial
rank in academics. The academic trail for me would involve over 200 publications, six books and hundreds of international medical conferences where I would lecture about injuries to the brain and spinal cord. However, that March morning, only one thing was on my mind. Will the animal survive a severe brain trauma when given a new drug that had never been tested for that purpose? The odds were not good. We had already tested, as part of being one of seven Head Injury Centers in the U.S., dozens of worthless treatments reputed to benefit this usually lethal injury. And, we would keep on searching when…on that morning, “looky, looky, look at that…!!” my technician’s eyes rolled off the animal as I finished my intravenous administration of the drug. She pointed excitedly to the monitoring charts. The charts were going crazy, instead of cardiac collapse, respiratory arrest, a flat EEG and sure death, the heart rhythm stabi -
lized, breathing returned, at first in gigantic gasps, then in steady, normal, breathing pattern. The electroencephalogram, monitoring brain cell activity, returned in full force and blood flow to the brain, which had ceased in the final stages of the injury, began flowing again and reviving the almost dead brain. It was, as if the hand of God had
somehow touched the animal’s forehead. ‘I don’t believe it’, I   stammered. But it w as
true. I felt a tingling in my spine because this reawakening of a virtually dead animal had all the markings of a medical breakthrough. The drug was dimethyl sulfoxide or DMSO for short, used years earlier as a pain lotion and anti-inflammatory agent. What we would discover and publish about dimethyl sulfoxide in the next 8 years at the University of Chicago laboratories, would be pharmacological actions of a simple molecule that should have sent shock waves through the field of medical therapeutics as one of the most important drug discoveries of the century in treating devastating brain and spinal cord trauma. Instead, the discovery, the potential for saving lives and the continued research that should have uncovered other uses for dimethyl sulfoxide and similar agents was quietly laid to rest in the coffers of forgotten medicine. It was a baffling paradox that defied a reasonable explanation and to this day still remains unclear to me.
The model to simulate acute head injury in rhesus monkeys employed in some head injury centers’ research laboratories consisted of an intracranial balloon inserted extradurally via a cranial burr hole near the temporoparietal region to produce pro -
gressive brain compression and increased ICP. This injury simulated and provoked an expanding extradural hematoma, common in acceleration–deceleration injuries from motor vehicle accidents. This type of slowly evolving compression injury is also commonly seen in falls, aggression, and sports-related injuries. Once in place in the extradural space, the balloon was slowly expanded with 0.2 mL water incre -
ments until respiratory arrest was reached. One hour after each treatment, the bal -
loon was decompressed.
63 We were later to discover that no other agent tested for
head injury in our laboratories, including steroids and hypertonic agents, had the dramatic effects seen with DMSO.
In the initial experiments by de la Torre,
63 40 monkeys were divided into three
groups ( Table 8.1). Group 1 received 1 g/kg urea; Group 2, 2 g/kg of a 50% solution
of DMSO; and Group 3, physiological saline at the same volume as the experimental
treatments. All drugs were given intravenously at the rate of 8 mL/min. The results
using DMSO or urea on brain swelling secondary to an expanding extradural lesion in monkeys showed that 10 of 15 urea-treated monkeys survived (33% mortality) and 140 Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in Trauma and Disease
the examination of these animals after 24 h showed 4 survivors sustained right-side
paresis, uneven pupil size (anisocoria), and general lethargy.63
Of the DMSO-treated monkeys, 14 survived (7% mortality) and 1 survivor showed
mild right-side paresis only. In the monkeys treated with physiological saline, 9 of 10 animals died (90% mortality) within an hour after injury, a lone survivor showed severe neurological deficits and died the following day.
63 Respiration, systemic arte -
rial pressure, carotid blood flow, ICP, and electroencephalography (EEG) were sig -
nificantly modified during the endpoint of brain compression but returned to baseline in the surviving monkeys that were free of deficits upon recovery.
On the average, cortical blood flow as seen through a pial window installed in
every animal prior to injury returned to normal 23 min after treatment with DMSO and 45 min after treatment with urea. Copious volumes of urine were excreted from all monkeys within an hour after the administration of DMSO and considerably less after urea treatment.
63,64
All neurological deficits seen in the monkeys treated with either urea or DMSO
were temporary, and recovery was observed from 1 to 5 weeks after the experimen -
tal head injury.63,64 This remarkable study in nonhuman primates indicated that a
promising new agent, DMSO, was significantly more effective than urea, the clinical drug of choice at the time and used even presently for severe, closed head injury
63,64
(Table 8.1). As we will review here and in Chapter 9, further studies confirmed and
extended these observations that a safe and highly effective agent called DMSO had been found that could manage severe trauma to the brain.
As will be seen and fully discussed in Chapter 9, the results obtained with DMSO
treatment of rhesus monkeys subjected to brain compression resulting in consequen-tial brain swelling were applied to humans sustaining severe closed head injuries in several pilot clinical trials. The findings from these trials clearly indicated that lives were spared and neurological deficits minimized in many patients treated with DMSO. Thus, the experimental brain trauma induced in the experimental rhesus monkeys was a price that paid off, considering the potential of saving millions of
lives who have sustained a severe, closed head injury, using DMSO when it is finally
approved by regulatory agencies.
Handling and storing pure 100% DMSO for intravenous injections in animals
allowed some useful recommendations to be made for future work.
64 One observation TABLE 8.1
Epidural Balloon Compression
Treatment Number Survivors % Mortality
Saline (untreated) 10 0 100
Urea 15 10 33
DMSO 15 14 7
Notes:  Results of epidural balloon compression simulating epidural hematoma in rhesus monk eys.
Mortality refers to 24 h survival following trauma. Neurological deficits were seen in 4 urea- and
1 DMSO-treated animals. All other survivors recovered uneventfully over 2 weeks.141 DMSO in Basic Neuroprotection
related to the arterial catheters and needle hubs used during experiments. For exam -
ple, arterial catheters made of polycarbonate, polystyrene, styrene acrylonitrile, and
polyvinyl chloride needed to be avoided because DMSO could partly dissolve or chemically leach these products. DMSO was found safe to use with conventional or linear polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, and teflon catheter systems, and products using these plastics also included hubs in disposable needles.
64
One question that arose from these studies was the potential of DMSO to dissolve
plastics. In the United States, most intravenous bags and tubing are made of polyvinyl chloride, which are safe to use with DMSO.
The preliminary reports on DMSO published by the University of Chicago neu -
rosurgery team were sufficiently encouraging to try and extend those findings by targeting other CNS injuries, as we will review in the following text. These findings also stimulated other independent groups to examine DMSO’s potential in other types of brain injuries.
When a drug is experimentally tested against a primary drug of choice for a
clinical condition and is reported to be superior to the standard treatment, a flurry of extracurricular research studies by other investigators usually follows to verify or not the merits of the new drug. This flurry of research studies on DMSO by other investigators exploring possible brain injury treatments was soon to confirm the data reported by the University of Chicago investigators.
First, a three-part study from the University of California, San Diego, was under -
taken to test DMSO


Experientia
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Chapter 4
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reducing agent and potentiator of cyclo


atum,
p. 126) is a commonly used laxative, containing
anthraquinones that irritate the gut wall and stimulate bowel
movement. This laxative effect, however, occurs only when
large quantities of the herb are used. At lower doses other
constituents, notably tannins, which dry and tighten up
mucous membranes in the gut, have greater effect. As a
result, Chinese rhubarb works in two apparently opposite
ways depending on the dosage: as a laxative at moderate to
high doses; to treat diarrhea at a lower dose.
 This example reveals a couple of fundamental truths
about herbal medicine. Firstly, the experience of the herbal
practitioner and of the patient often provide the most
reliable guide to the medicinal effect of individual herbs.
Secondly, the value of a medicinal herb cannot be reduced
simply to a list of its active constituents.
Plants as Foods & Medicines
In general, the human body is much better suited to
treatment with herbal remedies than with isolated chemical
medicines. We have evolved side-by-side with plants over
hundreds of thousands of years, and our digestive system
and physiology as a whole are geared to digesting and
utilizing plant-based foods, which often have a medicinal
value as well as providing sustenance.
 The dividing line between “foods” and “medicines” may
not always be clear. Are lemons, papayas, onions, and oats
foods or medicines? The answer, very simply, is that they
are both. Lemon ( Citrus limon, p. 82) improves resistance
to infection; papaya ( Carica papaya, p. 183) is taken in some
parts of the world to expel worms; onion ( Allium cepa,
p. 164) relieves bronchial infections; and oats ( Avena sativa,
p. 175) support convalescence. Indeed, herbal medicine
comes into its own when the distinctions between foods
and medicines are removed. Cultivation of medicinal plants in Cameroon. Scientific research indicates that
whole-plant preparations may often be gentler and more effective remedies
than isolated plant chemicals.Ginkgo, one of the oldest known plant
species, improves the circulation of blood
to the head.
US_010-013_How_Medicinal_Plants_work.indd   11 26/02/16   4:42 pm
12
The developmen T of herbal medicineThough we might eat a bowl of oatmeal oblivious to the
medicinal benefits, it will, nonetheless, increase stamina, help the nervous system to function correctly, provide a good supply of B vitamins, and maintain regular bowel function.
A similar range of benefits is provided by many of the other gentler-acting herbs listed in the Encyclopedia.
Herbal Treatments
The strategies that herbal practitioners adopt to prevent illness or restore health in their patients are different in the many and varied herbal traditions across the planet, but
the effects that herbal medicines have within the body to improve health do not vary. There are many thousands
of medicinal plants in use throughout the world, with a tremendous range of actions and degrees of potency. Most have a specific action on particular body systems and are known to be suitable for treating certain types of ailments. See p. 13 for specific actions.
Digestion, Respiration, & Circulation
Improving the quality of the diet is often an essential starting
point in sustaining or regaining good health. The saying “Y ou are what you eat” is by and large true, though herbalists prefer to qualify it, saying “Y ou are what you absorb from what you eat.” Herbal medicines not only provide nutrients, but when needed they also strengthen and support the action of the digestive system, speeding up the rate of processing food and improving the absorption of nutrients. The body requires another kind of “nutrient” to
function—oxygen. The lungs and respiratory system can
be helped with herbs that relax the bronchial muscles and stimulate respiration. Once taken in by the body, nutrients and medicines are carried to the body’s estimated one hundred trillion cells.
The circulatory system has a remarkable ability to adapt
to an endlessly shifting pattern of demand. At rest, the flow
of blood is mainly toward the center of the body, while when active, the muscles in the limbs make huge demands. Herbal medicines work to encourage circulation in particular ways. Some, for example, encourage blood to
flow to the surface of the body; others stimulate the heart  to pump more efficiently; while others relax the muscles of the arteries, lowering blood pressure.
Clearing Toxicity & Soothing Skin
After circulation has carried nutrients to the cells, waste
matter must be removed. All too often in our polluted world, high levels of toxicity in the body are an underlying cause of  ill health, and herbalists use a wide range of cleansing herbs that improve the body’s ability to remove toxins. Perhaps
the finest example of a detoxifying herb is burdock (Arctium lappa, p. 65), which is used extensively in both Western and Chinese medicine. Once herbs such as this reduce the toxic “load,” the body is able to invest greater resources
in repairing and strengthening damaged tissue and
weakened organs. The skin also plays an important role in good health.
Antiseptic plants fight infection, while vulnerary (wound-healing) herbs such as comfrey (Symphytum officinale,  p. 138) encourage blood clotting and help speed the healing  of wounds.
Nervous, Endocrine, & Immune Systems
Good health depends on having a healthy, balanced nervous system. In order to ensure long-term good health of the nervous system, it is important to adapt well to life’s daily demands, to avoid excessive anxiety, worry, or depression, and to get sufficient rest and exercise. The latest research shows that the nervous system does not work in isolation but is complemented by the endocrine system, which controls the release of a whole symphony
of hormones, including the sex hormones, which control fertility and often affect vitality and mood. The nervous system is also intimately linked with the immune system, which controls the ability to resist infection and to recover from illness and injury.
 This incredible complex of systems—part electrical, part chemical, part mechanical—must function harmoniously if good health is to be maintained. In health, the body has a seemingly infinite capacity, via its controlling systems, to adjust and change to external pressures. This ability to adapt to the external world while the body’s internal workings remain constant is known as homeostasis. Many herbs work with  the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems to help the body adapt more effectively to stresses and strains of all kinds: physical, mental, emotional, and even spiritual. They are effective because they work in tune with the body’s processes.
 Some herbs are adaptogenic, meaning that they have an ability to help people to adapt, either by supporting the nervous system and easing nervous and emotional tension,  or by working directly with the body’s own physiological processes to maintain health. The prime example of an adaptogenic herb is ginseng (Panax ginseng, p. 118), which  is an effective remedy at times of great mental or physical stress, but in certain cases can also be taken when a relaxing effect is required, for example to relieve headaches, or to ensure a good night’s sleep.
Complex Natural Medicines
As can be seen, an herb is not a “magic bullet” with a single
action, but a complex natural medicine composed of many active constituents that work on different body systems. By combining scientific research into active constituents with clinical observation and traditional knowledge of the whole plant, we can develop a rounded picture of each herb’s range of medicinal uses.
US_010-013_How_Medicinal_Plants_work.indd   12 26/02/16   4:42 pm13 How Medicinal Plants workNervous system
Nervines,  e.g., rosemary ( Rosmarinus
officinalis, p. 128), support and strengthen
the nervous system. Relaxants,  e.g., lemon
balm ( Melissa officinalis, p. 113), relax the
nervous system. Sedatives,  e.g., mistletoe ( Viscum
album, p. 283), reduce nervous activity. Stimulants,
e.g., kola nut ( Cola acuminata, p. 192), increase
nervous activity. Tonics,  e.g., oats ( Avena  sativa,
p. 175), improve nerve function and tone, and
help to restore the nervous system as a whole.
Circulation & heart
Cardiotonics,  e.g., dan shen  (Salvia  miltiorrhiza,
p. 130), vary in action. Some slow heartbeat
rate, while others increase it. Some improve
the regularity and strength of the heart’s
contractions. Circulatory stimulants,  e.g., cayenne
(Capsicum  frutescens, p. 74), improve the
circulation of blood to the extremities.
Diaphoretics,  e.g., ju hua (Chrysanthemum  x
morifolium, p. 78), encourage blood flow to
the surface of the body, promote sweating, and
lower blood pressure. Spasmolytics,  e.g., cramp
bark ( Viburnum opulus, p. 150), relax the muscles,
helping to lower blood pressure.
Digestive organs
Antiseptics,  e.g., ginger ( Zingiber


and used to treat excess vaginal discharge and
vaginal itching. Purple loosestrife is now little used
to treat eye problems, but, as Culpeper’s
experience suggests, the herb could be worth
further investigation as a remedy for disorders
of the eyes and vision.
Research  In animal experiments, extracts of
the flowers and leaves have been shown to be
hypoglycemic—lowering blood-sugar levels. The
plant is also thought to have antibiotic activity.
Madhuca spp. (sapotaceae)
Butter Tree
Description  Deciduous tree growing to 65 ft
(20 m). Has leathery leaves, clusters of scented
white flowers, and greenish fruit.
Habitat & Cultivation  Madhuca species are
native to central and northern India. The flowers,
leaves, and seeds are gathered in summer.
Parts Used  Flowers, seed oil.
Constituents  The leaves contain an alkaloid
and a saponin; the seeds a saponin and fixed oil.
History & Folklore  Butter tree has been a
source of food and medicine in India for at least
2,000 years. Its flowers are eaten and are
fermented to make alcoholic drinks.
Medicinal Actions & Uses  The
expectorant flowers are used to treat chest
problems such as bronchitis. They are also taken
to increase breast-milk production. The leaves are
applied as a poultice to eczema. The seed oil is
laxative and is taken for constipation and to loosen
the stool of hemorrhoid sufferers.Purple loosestrife  is
used to relieve
diarrhea and
dysentery in breast-
feeding babies.Lysimachia vulgaris (primulaceae)
Y ellow Loosestrife
Description  Attractive perennial growing to
3 ft (1 m) with whorls of broadly lance-shaped
leaves and bright yellow flowers.
Habitat & Cultivation  Native to Europe,
yellow loosestrife commonly grows in damp
hedgerows and near water. It is also cultivated
as a garden plant. It is gathered when in flower
in summer.
Parts Used  Aerial parts.
Constituents  Y ellow loosestrife contains a
benzoquinone, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids,
and tannins.
History & Folklore  Pliny (23–79 ce)
recorded that lysimachia, the plant’s Latin name,
was a tribute to King Lysimachus of Sicily, who
discovered its medicinal benefits. The name
“loosestrife” refers to the plant’s reputed power
to prevent conflict, particularly between animals,
and to repel insects. The Greek physician
US_224-245_Jasmine_Harmala.indd   231 26/02/16   12:47 pm
232Magnolia officinalisOther medicinal plantsMagnolia officinalis (Magnoliaceae)
Magnolia,
Hou Po (Chinese)
Description  Deciduous tree growing to 80 ft
(25 m). Has aromatic bark, large leaves, and
fragrant creamy-white flowers.
Habitat & Cultivation  Native to China,
magnolia grows wild in mountainous regions. It  is now planted in many parts of the world as an ornamental tree. The bark is stripped in spring.Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae)
Common Mallow
Description  Biennial growing to 5 ft (1.5 m).
Has a pulpy taproot, 5-lobed scalloped leaves,  and pink to mauve flowers.
Habitat & Cultivation  Common mallow is
native to Europe and Asia. It is naturalized in the Americas and Australasia, growing in open areas and on hedges and fences. The leaves are gathered in spring, the flowers when in bloom in summer.
Parts Used  Leaves, flowers, root.
Constituents  Common mallow contains
flavonol glycosides, mucilage, and tannins. The
flowers also contain malvin (an anthocyanin).
History & Folklore  The young leaves and
shoots of this plant have been eaten since at
least the 8th century bce. The plant’s many
uses gave rise to the Spanish adage, “A
kitchen garden and mallow, sufficient
medicines for a home.”
Medicinal Actions & Uses
Though less useful than marshmallow
(Althaea officinalis, p. 165), common
mallow is an effective demulcent. The flowers
and leaves are emollient and good for sensitive areas of the skin. It is applied as a poultice to reduce swelling and draw out toxins. T aken
internally, the leaves reduce gut irritation and
have a laxative effect. When common mallow
is combined with eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus,  p. 96), it makes a good remedy for coughs and other chest ailments. As with marshmallow, the root may be given to children to ease teething.influential was the root’s shape, which often vaguely resembles the human form. The roots have been carved and used as talismans for thousands of years, especially to aid fertility in women, and as a charm against misfortune. From Roman times onward, mandrake root bark was used as an anaesthetic and analgesic, and as a treatment for insanity.
Magnolia is distinguished by its
beautiful creamy-white flowers.
Part Used  Bark.
Constituents  Magnolia bark contains alkaloids,
coumarins, flavonoids, and lignans. The lignan,
honokiol, found in the bark of several magnolia species appears to have antitumor and anti-anxiety activity. Another lignan, magnolol, has antibacterial and anti-anxiety activity.
Medicinal Actions & Uses  Magnolia bark
is aromatic, warming, and pungent. It relieves cramping pain and flatulence, and is taken for abdominal distension, indigestion, loss of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is now also used to treat anxiety, chronic stress, and lowered mood, and as a neuroprotective remedy that aids memory and mental function.
Research  Research suggests that magnolia bark
extract is antimicrobial and may have specific use  as an oral antiseptic to control bacteria and relieve bad breath (halitosis). Two Italian clinical studies found that magnolia extract helped relieve anxiety and support positive mood in menopausal women.   A 2012 Korean study concluded that magnolia may be useful in treating Alzheimer’s disease.
Related Species North American species,
notably M. grandiflora, are used in much the same way as magnolia (above), with traditional uses including for fever and rheumatism.

Caution Do not take during pregnancy. Mandrake’s narcotic properties and human-shaped root have
inspired much legend and lore.
Medicinal Actions & Uses  Mandrake
has now largely fallen out of use. The herb is
sometimes applied as a poultice or plaster for rheumatic and arthritic pains, or, as a decoction,  for ulcers and similar kinds of skin disorders.
 RCautions  Mandrake is toxic. Do not take
internally. Use externally only under professional supervision. The plant is subject to legal restrictions in some countries.
Manihot esculenta
(Euphorbiaceae)
Cassava,
Manioc
Description  Shrub growing to 61⁄2 ft (2 m).
Has fleshy roots, woody stems, large palm-shaped
leaves, and green flowers.
Habitat & Cultivation  Cassava is native to
tropical Central and South America. Possibly the most grown root crop in the world, bitter and sweet varieties are grown commercially throughout the tropics (Nigeria, Thailand, and Brazil being the foremost producers). The plant was first cultivated in Peru around 4,000 years ago. The root is unearthed 8 to 24 months after planting.
Part Used  Root.
Constituents  Cassava contains cyanogenic
glycosides (0.02–0.03% in the bitter varieties, 0.007% in the sweet) and starch.Mandragora officinarum
(Solanaceae)
Mandrake
Description  Perennial growing to 2 in (5 cm).
Has a deep branching root, a rosette of broad
floppy leaves, funnel-shaped white to purple flowers, and yellow fruit.
Habitat & Cultivation  Native to the
Mediterranean region of Europe, mandrake grows on dry riverbeds. Its leaves are picked in summer.
Part Used  Root.
Constituents  Mandrake contains 0.4% tropane
alkaloids (hyoscine and hyoscyamine).
History & Folklore  Legend held that the
mandrake, on being uprooted, emitted a scream that was so powerful it could kill the person harvesting the plant. Consequently, reported one classical authority, mandrake was pulled up by dogs that had the stems tied to their tails. The fantastic powers attributed to the plant were partly due  to the narcotic-like properties of the root. Also
US_224-245_Jasmine_Harmala.indd   232 26/02/16   12:47 pm233 Other medicinal plantsMedicago sativa
History & Folklore  Bitter cassava has large
quantities of highly toxic glycosides, and must be
care


It reveals the amazing things the body can do for itself in the way of restoration of structure and
function when it is given a fair opportunity. This dying child was not “treated” into good health;
she made her own spontaneous recovery without the dubious assistance of any therapeutic
132measure.
Richard Bright, a British physician prominent in the first half of the nineteenth century, noted that
the last illness of many men was attended by the appearance of albumen in the urine or uremic
poisoning. He
investigated the condition of the kidneys in these cases and discovered a
degenerated state that was responsible for the symptoms. Although this condition is technically
known as nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys) the disease has long been called Bright’s disease
after the man who first described it.
Actually, from a practical point of view, we are not so much concerned about the degenerative
changes that take place in the kidneys, when albumen and granular and bloody casts appear in the
urine or when there is suppression of the urine. When we are confronted with evidences of uremic
poisoning, instead of worrying about the nature of the changes in the kidneys, we need first to think
of the living habits of the patient. Faulty, excessive practices may have caused the degeneration of
kidneys and all the other organs that are involved in the deterioration.
Few chronic diseases arouse so much fear and apprehension in the patient’s mind as chronic
Bright’s disease. Yet there is no chronic disease that so quickly improves, and from which the
patient is so likely to make a full recovery as a consequence of a fast, proper feeding and general
Hygienic
 care. These simple changes, however, in the way of life must be made before the
deterioration to the kidneys has reached an irreversible stage.
The reason for the terror that a diagnosis of Bright’s disease commonly causes is based on the
fact that the cause of the disease is not removed.
Nephritis or Bright’s disease does not develop, neither in the acute nor in the chronic form, in
those of abstemious habits of living. It is a disease of high livers and continuous stuffers. Many
drugs produce inflammation of the kidneys and those who are always drugging themselves may
have to pay for their folly by evolving a serious degenerative change in the kidneys that will
shorten their life.
It is well known in professional circles that today the possession of typically healthy kidneys is
rare in adults. Great numbers of people who die of other diseases have been made liable to these
other diseases by the impaired state of their kidneys.
A fast in this condition need not always be a lengthy one. Ten days, two weeks, sometimes three
weeks, are usually enough. The condition of the kidneys quickly clears when fasting is instituted.
The albumen disappears from the urine, casts and blood clear up. The symptoms of urine poisoning
—headaches, vertigo, frequent and copious urination, bed wetting, getting up frequently at night,
suppressed urine, and scanty urine—soon cease. The urine becomes normal in color and odor and
everything points to the resumption of normal excretion.
The regeneration of the kidneys that takes place after the fast is broken will be more thorough,
more complete and more rapid if the diet is abstemious and composed of fresh fruits and leafy
vegetables with but moderate quantities of the heavier foods.
Onions, garlic, chives, shallots, leaks, mustard, radishes, cress and other foods containing
mustard oil, which irritate the kidneys, should be omitted from the diet. Grain products are also
best omitted. Flesh, meat extracts, alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, tea, coffee, cocoa and
chocolate are not to be thought of for the man whose kidneys are seriously impaired. Excessive
water drinking can serve no useful purpose. Give the kidneys a chance to repair themselves and
they will not disappoint you.
13334
Gallstones
Cholelithiasis
 is the term applied to the formation of stones in the gall bladder and bile ducts.
These are derived either partly or entirely from the constituents of the bile, the principal element
being cholesterin which precipitates in crystalline form and combines with inspissated mucus.
Although the stones can be a source of much discomfort, and in passing, may be the occasion for
excruciating pain their presence is frequently unrecognized and man may live for years and die of
some other disease without ever knowing he has them. They are found at autopsy in people who
never complained of symptoms that led to a suspicion of stones.
Some individuals have what is termed the
lithemic diathesis
, by which is meant that they have a
tendency to build concretions in the form of kidney or bladder stones or biliary calculi when their
health is markedly impaired. Stones may form, in fact, in almost any part of the body—in the
pancreas, in the muscles, in the eyelids, on the valves of the heart, even around the heart, and in the
arteries. Gallstones seem to be more likely to form in the obese than in thin subjects, perhaps
because there is a greater tendency of these obese individuals to overeat.
What is called hepatic colic is excruciating pain in the abdomen, in the region of the liver or
gall bladder occasioned by the passage of a stone. Calculi may be so small that they easily pass
through the gall duct, in which case they are expelled without the patient ever knowing that he has
any stones.
They may be too large to move into the gall duct, in which case they are not passed. Or they may
be of a size that they are passed through the duct
with great difficulty, and cause intense pain. The
pain starts suddenly at the instant the stone begins to be passed from the gall bladder into the cystic
duct. Agonizing in character, it is transmitted to various parts of the abdomen and chest, often
being felt in the right shoulder.
Or the duct may be obstructed by a stone and a few symptoms result, even jaundice being absent.
Disease of the gall bladder itself may eventually result from the presence of the stone. If the
common duct is obstructed by a stone, there is persistent jaundice, paroxysms of pain, with the
occurrence of ague-like periods of chills and fever. Often called a gall-valve condition, this may
persist for months or years.
Pain killing drugs and operations are the common modes of treating this condition, but neither of
these remove basic causes. To remove a gallstone and pronounce the patient
cured
 is tantamount to
saying that the gallstone is its own cause.
Failure to remove the cause results in the formation of more stones. Unfortunately, it is assumed
that the cause of gallstone is unknown, so that the operation leaves the patient still sick and still
manifesting many of his symptoms.
What is wrong with the person who has gallstones? He has a general state of irritation and
inflammation of his digestive tract, involving the gallbladder and the liver, with impaired
digestion. He is enervated and toxemic. His bile is not of normal constitution and this permits the
preciptation of its mineral elements. There develops a functional impairment of the liver.
This persists until there is enough alteration of the normal secretion (bile) so that the mineral
elements contained in this are not held in suspension, but are precipitated, forming gravels or
stone. Gallstones and kidney stones are basically the same. The symptoms differ as the organs in
134which the stones form differ. Organs lend individuality to symptom-complexes.
Imprudent eating and heavy eating of carbohydrate foods by the enervated and toxemic, and a
lack of exercise, are chief among the causes that produce gastrointestinal and biliary irritation
leading to stone formation. They do not develop in healthy individuals, but in those who have
broken down their health by years of wrong living. Nobody would ever have gallstones from
infancy and throughout his life if he lived right.
There can be but one way to restore health and this is to remove all causes of disease and
restore the liver to good health, after which normal bile will disintegrate the stones. The proper
care is to go to bed and relax, keep the feet warm and abstain from food until there is a distinct
demand for food—until the return of hunger.
When eating is resumed, it should be restricted to uncooked fruits and vegetables for a week or
two weeks. The patient should be carefully restricted to proper food combinations when regular
eating is resumed.
 Eating proteins and starches at the same meal is a prolific source of gastro-
intestinal irritation.
In my opinion there is no necessity to operate for gallstones. Normal nutrition is not restored by
removing an effect of impaired nutrition. The great and growing army of postoperative invalids
attest to the fact that operations on organs of the body do not restore health. Too many organs are
removed that could be saved by the simple expediency of draining them by means of the fast.
Instead of surgically draining the gall bladder, a fast will enable the body to perform an
excellent job of drainage and do it in a way to leave the gall bladder intact and unharmed. For days
and nights, often, these patients will pass bile through the bowels and by vomiting.
The patient has not been restored to health when his gallstones have been removed. The
observing individual knows that he is still sick and still manifests many of his old symptoms and
often many new ones. The purpose of correct care of the patient with gallstones is to


 the lovers of art. It is
sadly true that the periods of history benevolent enough for beauty
to reign have been few.
Many have seen in this apparen tly natural lack of beauty the
evidence that the appreciation of beauty, order and harmony is a
cultural acquisition and not a gene tic endowment. Those who have
favoured a hard, aggressive view of man have seen in the
preoccupation with beauty the evid ence of decadence. Yet there is
sufficient anthropological evidence that the more benign primitives,
living in the more benevolent environments, have a natural
appreciation of beauty, and express it in everything they touch, in
every gesture, movement and ritual. In these conditions such a
sensitivity to beauty goes hand in hand with an over-all
compassionate disposition absent among the more harassed
primitives, and among the civilized.
But the strongest indication that the beautiful is as
indispensable a human feature as brain or upright posture, is the
extraordinarily intense emotiona lism associated with it, and the
abundance of pleasure it can afford. That the appreciation of beauty
is part of the humanizing process is shown by the humanizing effect
such an appreciation has on human behaviour and predisposition in
general. As the evolutionists would say, it has survival value.
The opposite of beauty is ugliness, synonymous with the
bestial, with the mean, selfish and sordid, the disgusting and the
sickly, all hostile to the human condition. Had the earliest humans
not sensed the difference between ugliness and beauty,
humanization would have come to an end. The distinction between
beauty and ugliness runs close to the distinction between good and
evil, between order and disorder. An evolving, learning brain
requires a prolonged familial and social nature, which in turn was
only possible in an orderly and harmonious social setting.
The capacity for love is leagued with a sensitivity to beauty.
Many psychologists have observed that love is the guarantee of the
mind's stability and wholeness, and that love-failure, in hatred, violence and viciousness, is the agent of the mind's disintegration.
The appreciation of beauty, like love, can be defined as a condition
of wholeness, and a sensitivity to that quality in others and in
nature, providing the utmost degree of mental balance, of joy and a
sense of meaningful-ness in living. Whole food, fit for humans can
but be beautiful food.

3. Beauty Pursued

So important has beauty been in human evolution, that one can
expect the human being to be designed to find beauty in every
possible thing, in every possible way. Nothing would be undertaken
unless it had an aesthetic element to it. Such' a beatific condition
can still be observed among the few simple peoples left. In the
islands of the Pacific, among the native tribes of Central America,
people are bedecked with flowers, eating and love-making take
place in flowered boweries, every object is made attractive and
colourful, and the naked body variously adorned. The human body
is felt rightly to be the object of supreme beauty, which accounts for
the common nakedness.
One can learn much from the body's beauty, as the great
masters of European painting reali zed. All beauty is there incarnate.
The limbs are felt to be ideally proportioned, the smoothness of the
skin inviting touch and caress, the eyes particularly enticing. The
disappearance of body hair in the course of humanization has not
only been due to the presumably temperate conditions in which
human evolution occurred, but, of much greater importance,
represents the removal of animal associations. What is left of the
hair, around the head and, in the man, around the face, is evidently a
haloing and an adornment, with an emotional effect the very
opposite of animal. The only part of the body where the hair has not
been aesthetized, and remains animal in its appeal, is around the
genitalia. In a creature depending on social and familial harmony
for survival, a primary interest in the genitalia would have been self-
defeating. Consequently, the genitalia, and the hair associated with
them, were left uncouth and unattractive, with the obvious intention
of detracting attention from these parts. In a creature sensitized to
beauty, this would be as good a way as one could find of ensuring
that human relationships were not primarily sexual. All those
primitives who live in an essentially naked condition, help nature by
covering over the genitalia. A complete nudism, as much as
clothing, is an expression of the aesthetic impoverishment of
civilization; both are unnatural.
The female breast is a part of the body made particularly
beautiful, intended to serve as the focus of a love, erotic,
compassionate and social, echoing the ancient mammalian lineage
of mankind. Many of the great painters of the Renaissance were
alive to this appeal, picturing th e infant Jesus suckled with exposed
breast by Mary. There is something profound in this, for the
mammalian female was emotionalized  long before the male in the
selfless devotions of mother love. In an important sense, the woman
is more profoundly human than the man. But the echo of the breast
in the man is a reminder also of his mammalian kind. Threatened
male gorillas will beat their breasts like the angered elders of the
Bible. When men confronted one another in battle in a naked
condition, slaughter was minimal, compassion the rule. The human infant has been made beautiful in a particularly
tender, appealing way. It is interesting to note that the young of all
mammals share in this appeal. Ho wever ugly the adult may appear,
their young are invariably felt to be appealing, beautiful. In this
tender appeal, an important attri bute of beauty is apparent—its
denial of an opportunist, bestial sexuality. This is absolute in the
case of the infant; only the sick and the depraved feel sexually
drawn to the children. But it is also  evident, on another scale, in the
erotic appeals of the adult body, wherein caress, adoration and
tenderness can transfigure what can otherwise be an animal
encounter. It is in this sense that human sexuality becomes
transformed from the essentially reflex activities of animals into a
sexual love felt to be pure, noble and beautiful. Beauty is
incompatible with impurity, so much so that the demand for purity
is threaded in all the human sens itivities, in the very structure and
function of the brain and mind. In the visual arts, there is an
awareness of the purity of line, of form, of colour essential to the
expression of beauty. So potent is this transfiguring quality, that
even lewd and revolting subjects can become transformed, raised to
a higher level of appeal, through the materials and techniques of art.
Mere sexuality acquires an elysian quality, an eroticism steeped in
ecstasy. Hence the clash of pornography,. which is never art, and
the erotic, which can be high art. The current habit of labelling
attractive, beautiful things as'sexy' betrays a sad corruption of
perception and feeling. Unless beau ty was inherent and abundant in
nature, it is unlikely that it could ever have played a role in
humanization. Although the industrially jaded eye can become blind
to the beauty of nature, once the veil is lifted, it is everywhere
apparent still. Minerals can be ve ry beautiful, and as minerals must
have appeared at the dawn of Creation, as the first matter cooled
sufficiently, one can conclude that matter is inherently endowed
with beauty. Today, one knows that the beautiful symmetry of
crystals, their amazing geometric pur ity, is the echo of atomic order.
Since all things large or small are dependent on this order, one can
be confident that nature is basically aesthetically compatible, a
reassuring conclusion. This confidence is confirmed by the fact that
beauty is increasingly expressed as evolution progresses. The
ugliness of the early insects gave way to the beauty of the butterfly,
the gawky pterodactyl emancipated into the bird of paradise, and the
monotonous swamps of the Carbonife rous were succeeded by the
spectral orgies of flowers in the Cretaceous.
Without such a long preparation, persistently bringing out the
latent beauty in things and creatures, the eventual emergence of a
creature sensitive to beauty would have been impossible. Beauty in
human existence remains closel y dependent on beauty in the
environment, in all things featuring in human life, which explains
why an ugly age loses the meaning of beauty. Let us ponder well
upon this, for it touches upon our subject intimately. Bearing in
mind that the Creation is a whole, the evolution of beauty in
landscape, in flowers, in human beings, in art, and, as we shall see,
in such an important activity as eating, makes for a vast and
intricate ecology of the beautiful. Unless harmonious forms were in
existence before the earliest hum an appeared, in the wonderful
shapes of hills, of trees, of pebbles, of shells, it would not have been
possible for the earliest men to make the beautiful tools which accompany their remains. Unless flowers and fruits were already
there, to provide the external stimuli of colour, human