 movements like the Feldenkrais Method, Body-Mind
Centering, the Anat Baniel Method, qi gong, and tai chi. When we slow
down enough to feel our bodies with acceptance, we can begin to heal.
However, we often disregard the body’ s needs, or downright abuse it. And
yet our body is our partner in life, inevitably intertwined with who we are.If your body was in charge and you were the silent partner, would you
want it to treat you the way you treat it, feel, think, and talk about it? For
those of us who have experienced chronic pain, lived with a long-term
illness, or have otherwise been challenged by “life in a body,” as a friend
puts it, we often  have some intensity thinking about our bodies. If you are
feeling some intensity as you read this right now, how about tapping on
those feelings?
Exercise: Intensity about My Body: Global T apping
Step 1. Write “Tapping on the Physical” as your topic in your EFT journal.
Ask yourself if there’ s somethin g about your body that you don’t like. Is it
about the way you look or about a certain part of your body that’s “giving
your trouble”? Is it about weight issues? Is it about illness or pain? Are you
feeling sad about how you treat your body? Are you
angry/resentful/disappointed at your body for letting you down? Are you
frustrated becau se you can’t seem to get your body to do what you want it
to do? Are you scared because you can’t get better right away? Are you
worried about anything that might happen in the future? If nothing comes
up to tap on, you can skip this exercise or tap surrogate for somebody else
who is sick or having difficulty with his or her body. Remembe r, surrogate
means that you tap “as if” you were someone else. Choose one issue from
the list you have created. This will be your tapping tar get.
Step 2. On the 1 to 10 scale, rate your intensity. For an example, we will
start with a global phrase such as: “I am frustrated with my body because
it’s not doing what I want it to do.” Select your own tapping target based on
what you wrote in step 1. Or you can follow along with the example. Let’s
say that I’m at a 7 on the intensity scale regarding frustration with my body
because it won’ t do what I want it do to.
Step 3. Start the EFT setup part of the basic recipe.  Karate chop while
tuned into the intensity: “Even though I am frustrated with my bodybecause it’s not doing what I want it to do, (or insert your own setup
phrase), I deeply and completely love, honor, forgive, and accept myself.”
Alternative positive af firmations I have used in the past include:
Even though I’m frustrated with my body because it won’ t do what I
want it to do, I would like to feel okay about it.
Even though I’m frustrated with my body because it won’ t do what I
want it to do, I wonder if there will ever come a day when I can think of
my body and its situation with neutrality.
You would use these affirmations if they feel right or true to you.
Otherwise, just use the basic affirmation: “deeply and completely accept
myself.”
Step 4. Perform the EFT sequence using the same reminder phrase
throughout, starting with the top of the head through under the arm. Here’ s
our example: “ frustrated with my body because  it won’ t do what I want it to
do.” You might tap through several sequences as you hold the feeling in
mind until you sense a shift in intensity.
Step 5. What is the intensity surrounding your tapping target now? If it
has gone down  to zero, has something else come to mind that is more
specific about your tapping target? For example, with “frustrated with my
body,” maybe the person, Chris, is frustrated because his knees have been
bothering him for about six months now and they haven’ t gotten any better.
The problem with his body is preventing him from playing basketball,
running, and biking, the main ways he used to socialize, relax, and exercise.
He can choose to tackle the next aspect, such as “no matter what I do, they
don’t get better,” or “I really miss being active,” and so on.
A key question for physical ailments is: What was going on in your life
just before or after the issue you’re experiencing now? When Chris asks
that question, he remembers it’s about the time his “difficult” and elderly
father who lives across the country got very sick. Chris was conflicted
about staying with him and takin g time off work to care for and love him orsteering clear and doing what he’s done most of his adult life—staying
away and feeling guilty. He aims EFT at “the conflict,” a few specific and
troubling events  during the time, and how he wanted it to be different but
couldn’ t change  how he felt about his dad. As he taps on these issues and
some key early “Dad-bad” memories, his knees lighten up, he begins
exercising again, and his feelings about his father completely transform to
love and for giveness.
What’ s underneath your intensity about your body issue? Ask yourself
questions again: What is your body “preventing” you from doing? When is
the first time you felt this way about your body? What have you tried that
didn’ t work? What was happe ning in your life around the time things
changed or you became aware of the unhappiness with your body? Any of
these questions will likely elicit some specific events relating to your
emotion surrounding your body. And remmeber, just tracking symptoms
also brings relief.
Step 6. Did a specific event come to mind? By answ ering the previous
questions, you likely have a few specific events in mind relating to
“frustrated with my body,” or whatever tapping phrase you chose to work
on, so choose one. Is the event under two or three minutes in length? Give it
a title as if it were a scene in a movie, then tap on the event using Gold
Standard EFT, tapping all aspects down to zero until that one event no
longer bothers you. Now, drop your awareness into your body and ask
yourself how your body feels right now.
As we continue, you can choose  to tap and read, by continuously tapping
on one or more of the tapping points or tapping on the finger points (see the
figure in Appendix A  to locate them if you’re not sure.)
The Body and Love
We take our physicality for granted and don’t typically consid er what an
exquisite instrument our body really is. We conveniently manage to forget
that we need our body to live. For many of us, it’s only when we suffer a
problem with our body such as a scratchy throat, serious illness, acuteinjury, or chronic pain, or when difficult emotions or stress tighten our
muscles, that we begin to pay more attention, and that attention is mostly
negative. We want to get better right now! We get mad at our bodies:
“Hurry up and heal already!” “My body has let me down.” We talk about
our bad leg, problem shoulder, or how we must get rid of the pain right
away. Is it any wonder that addiction to painkillers is on the rise? Emotional
pain is also something we tend to avoid. One in ten Americans now take an
antidepressant, and one in four women in their forties and fifties are on
antidepressants.20
But what if some types of emotional and physical pain are stemming
from the same energy disruption—remember the zzzt! that happens when
we experience an event as traumatic that leads to negative emotions? Big
feelings are beneath our conscious mind but alive and well in our
subconscious, the larger part of the mind. And those big feelings take a toll
on our bodies. What if, for example, the pain is emotional that has been
stored in the body and is now physically manifesting as well? What if we
asked ourselves, regarding a sore throat, for example, questions like these:
“What is it that I can’t seem to express that hurts my throat,” or “What is
that lump in my throat saying, ” or “What are these emotions  that are so
painful in my throat?”
When we deman d healing and dislike our bodies, it’s like erecti ng a dam
in the exact place where you want healing to flow like water. We are
slowing down the healing proce ss and blocking our path back to health and
well-being.
By now you know that our bodies are repositories for our emotions.
Along with our external experience, what we think, say, believe, and feel,
affect our physical well-being. Our body chemistry is continually shifting
and adjusting according to what we are thinking, feeling, saying, believing,
and experiencing. When we feel good, we are emotionally conn ected and in
a state of healing; this is the case even when we’re sick, injure d, and even
when we are dying.It comes as no surprise that “presence,” both emotional and physical, is
good for us. Presence increases the level of an enzyme


 a l l y  a r e  o n e.

T h e  C h r i s t

T h e  c o n v e r s i o n  t o  C h r i s t  n e e d  n o t  e n t a i l  a  c o n v e r s i o n  t o  t h e
C h r i s t i a n  r e l i g i o n.  T h e  w o r d  i s  a  s y m b o l  f o r  t h e  C h i l d  o f
G o d  w i t h i n  u s,  o u r  t r u e  i d e n t i t y  a n d  a  s p a c e  o f
r e m e m b r a n c e  o f  a l l  t h a t  i s  d i v i n e.  T o  b e  H i s  d i s c i p l e  i s  t o
t a k e  o n  t h e  m a n t l e  o f  H i s  m i n i s t r y  b y  r e f u s i n g  t o
a c k n o w l e d g e  t h e  u l t i m a t e  r e a l i t y  o f  a n y  w a l l s  t h a t  d i v i d e  u s.
I n  o u r  o n e n e s s  w i t h  o t h e r s  l i e s  o u r  o n e n e s s  w i t h  G o d,  a n d
r e m o v i n g  t h o s e  w a l l s  i s  H i s  w o r k  i n  u s  a n d  i n  t h e  w o r l d.
G o d ’ s  o n e  b e g o t t e n  s o n  i s  w h o  w e  a r e.
S o  i t  i s  t h a t  w e  s e e k  t o  s e e  w i t h  t h e  e y e s  o f  G o d ’ s  s o n,  i n
w h i c h  o n l y  o u r  u n i t y  w i t h  o t h e r s  i s  s e e n ;  t o  h e a r  w i t h  t h e
e a r s  o f  G o d ’ s  s o n,  w h e r e  o n l y  l o v e  a n d  c a l l s  f o r  l o v e  a r e
h e a r d ;  t o  w a l k  w i t h  H i m,  t o  w h e r e v e r  w e  c a n  b e  o f  s e r v i c e ;
a n d  t o  s p e a k  f o r  H i m  o f  o u r  l o v e  f o r  e v e r y o n e.
T r y  t h i n k i n g  o f  a  s i t u a t i o n  i n  y o u r  l i f e  w h e r e  t h i n g s
a r e n ’ t  g o i n g  a s  y o u  w i s h.  N o w  c l o s e  y o u r  e y e s  a n d  t a k e  a
d e e p  b r e a t h,  a n d  a l l o w  y o u r s e l f  t o  s e e  y o u r s e l f  a s  y o u  d w e l l
w i t h i n  t h a t  e x p e r i e n c e.  S e e  h o w  y o u  l o o k,  y o u r
m a n n e r i s m s,  a n d  y o u r  n o r m a l  b e h a v i o r.  S e e  h o w  o t h e r sr e l a t e  t o  y o u.  F e e l  a l l  y o u r  f e e l i n g s  a s  t h e y  a r i s e,  e v e n  i f
t h e y  a r e  p a i n f u l  o r  a n x i o u s.
N o w  s e e  J e s u s,  a s  t h e  e m b o d i m e n t  o f  C h r i s t,  c o m e  u p
b e h i n d  y o u  a n d  p u t  H i s  a r m s  a r o u n d  y o u.  H e  h a s  b e e n
g i v e n  b y  G o d  t h e  p o w e r  t o  m a k e  y o u  w h o l e.  A l l o w  h i m  t o
p e r m e a t e  y o u r  b e i n g  a n d  t o  h e a l  e v e r y  b r o k e n  p a r t  o f  y o u.
A l l o w  H i m  t o  s t a n d  i n  t h e  b r e a c h  f o r  y o u,  b e t w e e n  t h e  y o u
n o w  m a n i f e s t  a n d  y o u r  d i v i n e  p o t e n t i a l.  H e  i s  t h a t  p o t e n t i a l,
a n d  H e  h a s  b e e n  g i v e n  b y  G o d  t h e  p o w e r  t o  h e l p  a n y o n e
w h o  a s k s  f o r  H i s  h e l p  t o  a c t u a l i z e  i t  w i t h i n  t h e m s e l v e s.
H e  i s  a s  c l e a r  i n  t h e  H o l y  I n s t a n t  a s  w e  a l l o w  h i m  t o  b e. *
E i t h e r  H e ’ s  m e t a p h o r i c a l l y  t h e r e,  o r  H e ’ s  l i t e r a l l y  t h e r e.
W h i c h  i t  w i l l  b e  i n  y o u r  e x p e r i e n c e  i s  c o m p l e t e l y  u p  t o  y o u.
T h e  c h a n g e s  t h a t  s p i r i t  a c c o m p l i s h e s  w i t h i n  u s  c a n n o t  b e
e x p l a i n e d  t o  t h e  e g o  m i n d,  b u t  l o o k i n g  t o  t h e  e g o  f o r  e i t h e r
a p p r o v a l  o r  v e r i f i c a t i o n  i s  r i d i c u l o u s.  W e  t h i n k  t h a t  w i t h o u t
t h e  e g o  a l l  w o u l d  b e  c h a o s,  b u t  i n  t r u t h,  w i t h o u t  t h e  e g o  a l l
w o u l d  b e  l o v e. *  A t  s o m e  p o i n t,


  h a v e  c o m e  a t  l a s t  t o  l i v e  i n  t h e  c o m f o r t  o f  o u r  o w n  s k i n.
W e  r e a l i z e  t h e  h u g e  c a l l i n g  o f  h i s t o r y  a t  t h i s  t i m e.  W e
h a v e  b e e n  c a l l e d  t o  a  c o l l e c t i v e  g e n i u s,  a n d  e a c h  o f  u s  i s
b e i n g  p r e p a r e d  t o  p l a y  o u r  p a r t.  O u r  w o r l d  n e e d s  s p i r i t u a l
g i a n t s,  a n d  i t  t a k e s  n o t  e g o  b u t  h u m i l i t y  t o  s i g n  u p  f o r  t h e
e f f o r t.  M a n y  o f  o u r  p r o b l e m s  a r o s e  b e c a u s e  w e  c h o s e  t o
p l a y  s m a l l,  t h i n k i n g  t h e r e  w e  w o u l d  f i n d  s a f e t y.  B u t  w e
w e r e  b o r n  w i t h  w i n g s,  a n d  w e  a r e  m e a n t  t o  s p r e a d  t h e m.
A n y t h i n g  l e s s  w i l l  h u r t  u s,  w i l l  d e n y  l o v e  t o  o u r s e l v e s  a n do t h e r s,  a n d  w i l l  m e a n  t h a t  w e  e n d  o u r  l i v e s  n o t  h a v i n g
f l o w n  t h e  f l i g h t  o f  s p i r i t u a l  g l o r y.
L e t  u s  f l y.

D e a r  G o d,
I f  l e f t  t o  m y  o w n  d e v i c e s,
m y  p e r c e p t i o n s  w i l l  b e  s k e w e d.
I  s u r r e n d e r  t o  Y o u  e v e r y t h i n g  I  t h i n k  a n d  f e e l.
P l e a s e  t a k e  m y  p a s t,  a n d  p l a n  m y  f u t u r e.
S e n d  Y o u r  S p i r i t  t o  r e d e e m  m y  m i n d,
t h a t  I  m i g h t  b e  s e t  f r e e.
M a y  I  b e  Y o u r  v e s s e l
A n d  s e r v e  t h e  w o r l d.
M a y  I  b e c o m e  w h o  Y o u  w o u l d  h a v e  m e  b e,
t h a t  I  m i g h t  d o  w h a t  Y o u  w o u l d  h a v e  m e  d o.
A n d  I  w i l l,  d e a r  G o d.
A m e n.
 N o w  i m a g i n e  y o u r s e l f  a s  y o u  w o u l d  l i k e  t o  b e.  C l o s e
y o u r  e y e s  a n d  s e e  y o u r s e l f  a s  e l e g a n t,  d i g n i f i e d,  a n d  c a l m.
S e e  y o u r s e l f  a s  s m a r t,  i n s i g h t f u l,  h u m b l e,  a n d  k i n d.  I m a g i n e
a l l  y o u r  w e a k n e s s e s  r e p l a c e d  b y  s t r e n g t h.  A n d  d o  n o t  s t o p.
R e m a i n  i n  s t i l l n e s s  w i t h  y o u r  e y e s  c l o s e d  f o r  a s  l o n g  a s  y o u
c a n,  f o r  y o u  a r e  c o n c e i v i n g  n e w  l i f e.  A s k  t h e  S p i r i t  o f  G o d
t o  c o m e  i n t o  y o u  a n d  g i v e  y o u  b i r t h  i n t o  t h e  f u l l n e s s  o f  y o u r
p o s s i b l e  s e l f.  W h a t e v e r  t h e  p o r t a l  t h r o u g h  w h i c h  y o u  e n t e r
t h e  h o u s e  o f  G o d,  k n o w  t h a t  H i s  h o u s e  i s  w h e r e  y o u  a r e
t r u l y  a t  h o m e.  I t  i s  w h e r e  y o u  w i l l  f i n d  w h o  y o u  a r e,  r e c e i v e
r e p a i r  o f  y o u r  s o u l,  h e a l  f r o m  t h e  w o r l d,  a n d  b e g i n  a g a i n.Y o u  w i l l  g o  b a c k  i n t o  t h e  d a r k n e s s  o f  t h e  w o r l d  a n d  b r i n g  t o
i t  y o u r  l i g h t.  Y o u  w i l l  h a v e  e x p e r i e n c e d  a  m i r a c l e,  a n d
t h r o u g h  y o u  o t h e r s  w i l l  e x p e r i e n c e  m i r a c l e s  t o o.
G o d  s o  l o v e s  y o u,  a n d  l o v e s  t h e  w o r l d,  t h a t  H e  i s
s e n d i n g  i t  t h e  p e r s o n  H e  h a s  c r e a t e d  y o u  t o  b e.
R e m e m b e r  t h a t  i n  a n y  s i t u a t i o n,  o n l y  w h a t  y o u  a r e  n o t
g i v i n g  c a n  b e  l a c k i n g.  B r i n g  t h e  l o v e  o f  G o d,  a n d  y o u  w i l l
b l e s s  a l l  t h i n g s.  H e  w i l l  b e  a t  y o u r  l e f t,  a n d  H e


 potentially ill or unable to carry on
than were plucked. Time has proven this generally
unknown fact true; for before the war was over ninety -five
per cent of the A merican army had received hospital
attention for sickness, other than injury, from one to five
times. And the boys who did not get over to France died by
the thousands from the “flu.”

    What does this mean? It means that life as it is lived
causes the  people generally to be enervated. And when
nerve -energy drops below normal, the elimination of toxin
—a natural product of metabolism is checked, and it is
retained in the blood, bringing on Toxemia —the first, last,
and only efficient  cause of all so -called diseases.

   It should be obvious to discerning, minds that the amount
of toxin in the blood must vary with each individual, and
that the degree of resistance also must vary with each
individual. An amount would cause a toxemic crisis in one
would ap parently have no effect on another. An enervating
cause —the usual immunization —that would scarcely
produce a reaction at one time in a given subject might
send the same subject to a hospital at another time, or even
be fatal instanter. Active anaphylaxis i s the alibi or apology
of the pro -vaccinators; but it does not change the fact that
vaccines are poisons, even if they are “pure,” regardless of
the iterated and reiterated protests that they are innocent
and harmless.

   The amount of harm done the army  by vaccination and
re-vaccination will never be known. No words can describe
the harm that immunizing with vaccines and serums has
done and is doing, except wholesale vandalism.
    The average doctor cannot think, and the others do not
dare to think exc ept conventionally out loud. I do not know
where to place the men of the medical profession who are
capable of thinking, but who refuse to allow reason to
guide them in their thinking in the matter of so -called
immunization. Can class -consciousness or clas s-bigotry
explain? Surely knavishness is unfit. It has been said of me,
because of my stand against the germ theory and
vaccination, that I have “peculiar views;” by some, that I
am “an ignoramus.” If I am, it is strange that fundamentally
I find my though ts and beliefs running parallel with one of
the greatest thinkers of the nineteenth century — the famous
English philosopher, Herbert Spencer. I was browsing in
my library a few days ago, and picked up “Facts and
Comments.” I turned to “Vaccination,” and in  it found
more worthwhile, constructive thought, in a short essay of
less than three pages, than can be found in all medical
literature on the same subject. I have decided to quote the
whole essay, and I shall be pleased if others get the mental
kick out o f it that I have enjoyed:

   “When once you interfere with the order of
nature, there is no knowing where the results will
end,” was the remark made in my presence by a
distinguished biologist. There immediately escaped
from him an expression of vexation at his lack of  reticence; for he saw the various uses I might make
of the admission.

   Jenner and his disciples have assumed that when
the vaccine virus has passed through a patient’s
system he is safe, or comparatively safe, against
smallpox, and that  there the matter ends. I will not
here say anything for or against this assumption.*

   *Except, indeed, by quoting the statement of a well -
known man, Mr. Kegan Paul, the publisher, respecting his
own experience. In his “Memoirs” (pp. 260 -61) he says,
respecting his smallpox when adult: “I had had smallpox
when a child, in spite of vaccination, and had been
vaccinated but a short time before. I am the third of my
own immediate family who have had smallpox twice, and
with whom vaccination has always taken. ”

   I merely propose to show that there the matter
does not end. The interference with the order of
nature has various sequences other than that
counted upon. Some have been made known.

   A Parliamentary Return issued in 1880 (No. 392)
shows that, com paring the quinquennial periods
1847 -1851 and 1874 -1878, there was in the latter a
diminution in the deaths from all causes of infants
under one year old of 6,600 per million births per
annum; while the mortality caused by eight specified diseases, either directly communicable or
exacerbated by the effects of vaccination, increased
from 20,524 to 41,353 per million births per
annum —more than double. It is clear that far more
were killed by these other diseases than were saved
from smallpox.*

   *This was i n the days of arm -to-arm vaccination, when
medical men were certain that other diseases (syphilis, for
instance) could not be communicated through the vaccine
virus. Anyone who looks into the Transactions of the
Epidemiological Society of some thirty years  ago will kind
that they were suddenly convinced to the contrary by a
dreadful case of wholesale syphilization. In these days of
calf-lymph vaccination, such dangers are excluded; not that
of bovine tuberculosis, however. But I name the fact as
showing wha t amount of faith is to be placed in medical
opinion.

   To the communication of diseases thus
demonstrated must be added accompanying effects.
It is held that the immunity produced by
vaccination implies some change in the components
of the body —a necess ary assumption. But now, if
the substances composing the body, solid or liquid
or both, have been so modified as to leave them no
longer liable to smallpox, is the modification
otherwise inoperative? Will anyone dare to say that it produces no further effe ct than that of shielding
the patient from a particular disease? You cannot
change the constitution in relation to one invading
agent and leave it unchanged in regard to all other
invading agents. What must the change be? There
are cases of unhealthy perso ns in whom a serious
disease, as typhoid fever, is followed by improved
health. But these are not normal cases; if they
were, a healthy person would become more healthy
by having a succession of diseases. (Toxemia
explains this phenomena. —Ed.)  Hence, as a
constitution modified by vaccination is not made
more able to resist perturbing influences in general,
it must be made less able. Heat and cold and wet
and atmospheric changes tend ever to disturb the
balance, as do also various foods, excessive
exertion, mental strain. We have no means of
measuring alterations in resisting power. and hence
they commonly pass unremarked. There are,
however, evidences of a general relative debility.
Measles is a severer disease than it used to be, and
deaths from it are very  numerous. Influenza yields
proof. Sixty years ago, when at long intervals an
epidemic occurred, it seized but few, w as not
severe, and left no serious sequelae; now it is
permanently established, affects multitudes in
extreme forms, and often leaves dama ged
constitutions. The disease is the same, but there is
less ability to withstand it.

    There are other significant facts. It is a familiar
biological truth that the organs of sense and the
teeth arise out of the dermal layer of the embryo.
Hence abno rmalities affect all of them; blue -eyed
cats are deaf, and hairless dogs have imperfect
teeth. (“Origin of Species,” Chap. 1.) The like
holds of constitutional abnormalities caused by
disease. Syphilis in its earlier stages is a skin
disease. When it is in herited, the effects are
malformation of teeth, and in later years iritis
(inflammation of the iris.) Kindred relations hold
with other skin diseases; instance the fact that
scarlet fever is often accompanied by loosening of
the teeth, and the fact that wi th measles often go
disorders —sometimes temporary, sometimes
permanent —of both eyes and ears. May it not be
thus with another skin disease —that which
vaccination gives? If so, we have an explanation of
the frightful degeneracy of teeth among young
people i n recent times; and we need not wonder at
the prevalence of weak and defective eyes among
them. Be these suggestions true or not, one thing is
certain: The assumption that vaccination changes
the constitution in relation to smallpox, and does
not otherwise  change it, is sheer folly.

   “When once you interfere with the order of nature, there
is no knowing where the results will end.”

    Interfering with the order of nature is a vast subject —one
without end; but nature “comes smiling through,” except
when overwhelmed. Health —good health —is a greater
force than


kmat 1slrip and Multiple Os
COITAl. l)YNAMICS
Inexplicably. ntost contentporary sexology books ignore or deal
cursorily with ntovcntt'nt, angle. speed, and rhythnt in sexual in
tercourse. To learn the art of coital dynamics, one has to consult
the ancient Taoists. The Mystic Master of the (;rotto's Nine Man
ners of ntoving the jade stalk and Six Styles of penetration (sec
chapter R) arc poet ic descri ptions of the motions of sexual union.
In today's bcdroont, we can take a few hints front the Mystic Mas
ter's flowery advic e and work out sonte pragntatic techniques.
Varied ntotions in sexual intercourse result in varied forms,
degrees, and locations of stintulation. In addition to the stimula
tion of the usual erogenous zones involved in love-play, partners
enjoy having their own genital areas stimulated by their mates'
sexual organs. In sexual union, the partners who know where
and how-to stintulate give the greatest pleasure to their mat es
and then1selves.
Nature has endowed men and women differently, so delec
table sex depends mostly on the coital dynamics of the male in
certain intercourse positions, and mostly on those of the female in
others. By experimenting with and controlling the various fac
tors influenci ng coital motion, a couple can personalize their own
pattern of coital dynamics.
Male Dynamics
Men need to understand female anatomy, not just their own,
to get the most out of their movement during intercourse. In a
woman, the clitoral area is extremely sensitive, the vaginal rim
only mildly so. The front vaginal wall in most women is acutely
sensitive to friction and deep pressure, while the back wall is much
less so. At the depth of the vagina is the cervix, whose stimulation
during coitus results in ecstatic sensations in women.
One brilliant bedroom skill from ancient China is variation in
male thrusting patterns. Many men believe that the best way to
excite a woman is by thrusting deeply, with a regular pumping
rhythm. Occasionally this may be so, just before orgasm for ex
ample. But regular, deep thrusting may bring on male climax too
quickly. Even if the man has enough self-control, the regularity
sometimes has a nu1nbing effect on the wontan. Deep thrusts arc
227 highly stin1ulating to the woman, especially if the tip of the jade
stalk touches the flower heart.
On the other hand, shallower thrusts, with the stalk entering
only two or three inches into the moon grotto-to what the an
cients called "wheat bud" and "scented mouse"-may excite a
woman just as n1uch, though differently. The ridge of the stalk
can stimulate the magic spot in the front wall of the grotto. "Nine
shallow, one deep" and "eight slow, two fast" arc more than just
numbers games; in actual coitus such thrusting patterns can excite
more than one sensitive zone in the woman.
It is therefore effective to give a series of regular, shallow thrusts
first, then follow with a sudden deep thrust, or a series of slow
thrusts followed by a quick one. The psychosexual thrill for the
woman is all the greater with the element of surprise; a man can
give his partner intense pleasure by varying the depth and tempo
of his thrusts. Other variations: Advance slowly, while exhaling;
then withdraw quickly, while inhaling. Or start by knocking on
the sides of the labia; first thrust only a little; continue thrusting,
progressively deeper each time.
Whichever technique you choose, alter the depth, speed, and
rhythm of your thrusts to fit your own brinkmanship capability
and your partner's sensitivity. Verses from a sexology classic give
an idea of how coital thrusts can vary:
Nine shallow, one deep,
Th re e right, three left;
Shake and sway like atl eel,
Advance and crawl/ike a leech.
A few favorite sexual positions practiced in ancient China
show what a good male lover can do for his partner. In son1c face
to-face positions, tor cxantple thc aforententioned deflowering
position oftcn uscd on wcdding nights, the angle docs not pcrtnit
dccp pcnetration. llut if the nun dips his stalk downward, he can
stinutlate thc wornan's upper grott0 entrance and indirectly the
clitoral zone.
In Wild Horscs Ll·aping. the cdcbrated teet-on-should ers
position frt·quently uscd in ancicnt Chinese bedchantbers, the ini
tiativc lies cntircly with the ntan. The wotnan is in a helpless posi
tion, bent sharply at the hips, with her canal ahnost vertical; she Orgasmic Brinkmanshi p and Multiple 0�
cannot move or even exercise her sexual muscles, and the man
cannot stimulate her clitoral area with his jade stalk. But if it
approaches at a different angle, so that its underside presses against
the back rim of the grotto, the glans can massage strongly the
front wall of her grotto, where it is most sensitive. Also, by
changing the angle of his stalk, the man can penetrate deeply
enough to reach the woman's flower heart or stimulate her clitoral
area with the front of his stalk. The ease in stimulating either the
front vaginal wall or the clitoral area with shallow thrusts or the
flower heart with deep thrusts-th ree of the most sensitive genital
zones in a woman-by varying the stalk angle only slightly ex
plains the popularity of this position with the ancient er oticists.
Even more popular was Donkeys of Spring and its variations.
In most of these rear-entry positions, the man can stimulate the
woman's three most sensitive zones (clitoris, front grotto wall,
and flower heart) by varying the thrusting angle selectively. The
woman can exercise her vaginal muscles, if she has learned the
exquisite Butterfly Quiver technique (described below). The free-
Stim ulations in feet-on-shou lders posi tions
/)l't'pt·�tthru�t
stimul atin� the.flowt •r hea rt /
A-fan Otl tiptoc-
''ittwlc.llitlg thf' ditor 11l n:l!i"" At,m (rtJu(hi".l! sl�l!lrtly
stimu l,lfi11.1! tlrt' C spM. lm th<'
f;·o,t ll'•l/1 t!( t/rt' "hltlrl.I!Ylltltl.'\ N < I f N l S f < · R f r S I < ) N M c I I) I U N I < I V I N \
Stim ulations in rear- entr y positions
Deepest thrust
stimul ating the flower heart
230 dom of movement t(>r the man is phenomenal with I )on keys of
Spr ing. Her e the woman kne els on the edge of a bed or chair, rest
ing on her hands or head, while the man stand� beh ind her; the
kneel ing surf ace should be at about the height of the rnan\ knee�.
The partners' genitals an: thus at the same level, and the man can
change his angle at each thrust to give the woman various �ensa
tions.
If the man makes shallow thrusts from a slightly stooping
position, the underside of his jade stalk rubs against the vagina)
rim nearest the clitoris and stimulates this area. If he makes shal
low thrusts while on tiptoe, his glans can massage the sensitive
front wall of the woman's grotto. If he thrusts deeper, he can jostle
the Rower heart with the tip of his stalk. If he turns his body
slightly left or right he can vary the phallic angle, or even make
corkscrew movements. This may bring the woman to a deep,
shattering orgasm.
Femal e Dyn amics
A woman's role in sexual union is not-or should not be-passi ve
at all. Even in most man-above positions she can make move-
Shallow thrust, man on tiptoe
stimul atitJg the G spot Shallow thrust, man
crouching slightl y
stim ulating the clitor al
regwn 0�\!asmic Brinkmanship and Multiple 0�
rnents contrapuntal, reciprocal to her partner's. She can create
varying sensations during the union, whether hy drununing her
heels on the n1an's back or raising one leg to "shake the hoof."
She can, if she wants to, gain control of the coital dynatnics in
a number of situations. A wonun is virtually in cornmand of the
n1ovements when she is atop the n1an, nan1cly, in riding positions


 ever-present awareness, or the fact
of simply being aware, before it is qualified by experience, we will feel that
we are always the same ageless self. We will feel that we are always here and
now, and that all experience flows through us without changing, ageing or
harming us in any way.

I feel life’s experiences are always changing me.

We experience  numerous changes, but we, awareness, are changeless. We do
not move through life’s experiences; life’s experiences move through us.
96who is it that suffers?
But I feel my life is a great journey.

The journey takes place in you; you do not take the journey. The time and
space that seem to exist for the character in a dream do not exist for the
dreamer when she wakes up. The entire dream is a movement of the
dreamer’s mind, but the dreamer’s mind never goes anywhere. Our entire
life is a movement of awareness, but awareness itself never goes anywhere.
Awareness is eternally present now – not now, a moment in time, but the
ever-present now, eternity. Awareness is always in the placeless place of itself,
not a place in space but the dimensionless presence of its own being.

Some people seem to get more youthful and radiant as they get older.

Yes! In fact, many people feel that in spite of the passing years they are not
really growing older. They increasingly have the feeling of being always the
same person. Where does this feeling come from? It can only come from
that which is always the same in us. What is that?
     Knowing, being aware or awareness itself is the only element of experience
that always remains the same. The feeling that we never get older or that we
have always been the same person is an intuition of this truth. In fact, it is
more than an intuition; it is the taste of our eternity, the taste of our ever-
present, ageless, changeless, untarnished self.
     The more deeply this is understood and felt, the more brightly the innate
qualities of our essential, aware being shine through the character of the per -
son, infusing the mind and body with its radiance and peace, and shedding
its warmth upon those with whom we come in contact. In old age, as the
mind and body of such a person fade, they become increasingly transparent
to their being, which in turn progressively shines through all aspects of their
experience. It is a blessing simply to be with such people.

But I am regularly in pain.

There may be intense sensations, but do not allow the intensity of a sensation
to persuade you that you are a body, let alone an ageing one!

But I am unwell more and more often.
97you are the happiness you seek
Does awareness ever say, ‘I am sick’? Does the body ever say, ‘I am sick’?
No! It is the mind that claims, ‘I am sick’. But even that claim is just a
thought. Can a thought be sick? Can a sensation or a perception be sick?
No! Sickness is, in the ultimate analysis, a concept. And this understanding
is the ultimate healing: not a cure that will heal us in the future, but a cure
that leads us directly to that in ourself which is already and inherently free
of sickness and death, irrespective of the condition of the mind and body.
     I do not mean to imply that it is not legitimate or appropriate to take
relative steps to heal illness, but such steps should not eclipse the background
of stillness and well-being against which all experience takes place. Ulti -
mately, to be healthy means to be whole, unbroken, undivided and, there -
fore, without conflict or dissatisfaction. Don’t try to become that; see that
what you essentially are is always and already that. Make this understanding
your lived and felt experience.

98chapter thirteen
Our Innate Happiness
Thus the master travels all day without leaving home.
However splendid the views, she stays serenely in herself.
lao tzu

happiness is always the same

I understand clearly that peace and happiness is the nature of myself, but I have
to admit that my happiness is very much dependent on my circumstances.
When they coincide with my desires, I’m happy. When they don’t, I suffer. So I feel
caught between my genuine understanding and my undeniable experience.

Everyone has experienced periods of happiness in their life, and in most cases
each occasion was preceded by a particular object, substance, activity, cir -
cumstance or person. When we were five years old, our happiness seemed to
be caused by a trip to the seaside or the ice cream that our mother gave us.
At age ten it was winning a competition or becoming friends with a particu -
lar person. In our teenage years, the happiness seemed to be caused by falling
in love, a trip abroad or winning a game at school. Later on, in our twenties,
it may have been our first job, a new home, getting married, starting a family,
and so on.
     In this way, a clear connection between happiness and the acquisition of
a particular object or substance, or the experience of a particular activity,
circumstance or relationship, was established early on in our lives. From this
connection we concluded that happiness must be caused by objective
experience, even if we didn’t formulate it to ourself in these terms. This con -
viction would subsequently initiate and justify an endless and ultimately
frustrating search for happiness in objective experience.
     If we look more closely, we discover that the premise of this conclusion
is far from true. T o begin with, we notice that in every instance of happiness,  you are the happiness you seek
the experience of happiness itself is always the same. The experience of hap -
piness when, as a child, we won a competition at school, was exactly the
same as the experience of happiness that we felt as a teenager upon falling in
love, or as a young adult on getting our first job, or indeed at any time
in our life when we felt happiness.
     Happiness does not come in different flavours, although it may seem to
be caused by different circumstances. Happiness itself is always the same ex-
perience, irrespective of its apparent cause. This observation alone should
arouse our suspicion as to the causal connection between objective experience
and happiness.
    Our suspicion is confirmed when we notice that whoever or whatever
may seem to make us happy one day may leave us indifferent the next,
or may even, in time, make us miserable. The discarded toy that only
a few days earlier gave the child such delight is quickly forgotten, or the
intimate relationship that was once a source of such joy is now the cause
of sorrow.
     If happiness were really caused by an object, substance, activity, circum -
stance or relationship, then as long as one of these were present, happiness
would be experienced. Conversely, the same must be true of suffering. If the
same object, situation or person can make us happy one day and miserable
the next, then none of these can itself be a cause of suffering.

If happiness were caused directly by objective experience, then certain ex -
periences would make everybody happy. However, this is not our experience.
If health were a source of happiness and sickness a source of unhappiness,
all healthy people would be happy and all sick people would be unhappy.
If wealth were a source of happiness, all rich people would be happy and the
impoverished would be miserable. This is obviously not the case.
     If one person is a gardener in California and it rains in August, she will
be delighted. If another is a lawn tennis player in Oxford and it rains in
August, he will be miserable. The rain itself is neither pleasant nor unpleas -
ant. It has no inherent power to make us either happy or miserable. It is
our inner disposition that confers on the rain the ability to cause happiness
or suffering.
     Furthermore, the same event can make one person happy and another
person miserable at the same time. In a tennis match between Roger Federer
100our innate happiness
and Rafael Nadal, everyone is watching the same game, but if Federer
wins, half the spectators will be happy and half will be unhappy, and vice
versa.
     If the same event can simultaneously be the cause of happiness in some
people and unhappiness in others, then the joy and suffering experienced
cannot have anything to do with the event itself. It has everything to do with
the attitude we bring to bear on the event, an attitude which does not arise
in response to the current event itself but comes from our own past con -
ditioning. From this we may draw a simple conclusion: nothing objective
has any inherent power to cause either happiness or suffering.

Then why is it that our external circumstances seem to have the capacity to make
us happy or miserable?

The fact that the fulfilment of a desire seems to bring about happiness does
indeed suggest that objects, substances, activities, circumstances and rela -
tionships are its cause. However, the acquisition of any of these does not
cause the happiness that we experience. Rather, it brings to an end the state
of desire, the activity of seeking and resisting, that defines the ego or sep -
arate self.
     In the absence of seeking and resisting, that is, in the absence of any im -
pulse to escape the now, we find


,	in	London)	and	elsewhere.	For	over
twenty	years	now,	the	AICR	has	run	a	program	that	funds	research	and
education	projects	on	the	link	between	diet	and	cancer.	I	initially	organized
and	chaired	that	grant	program,	and	then	continued	as	the	AICR’s	senior
science	advisor	for	several	years,	in	a	few	different	stints,	after	its	initial
founding.
One	more	unfortunate	affair,	however,	bears	mention.	I	was	informed	by
my	nutrition	society’s	Board	of	Directors	that	two	society	members	(Bob
Olson	and	Alf	Harper)	had	proposed	to	have	me	expelled	from	the	society,
supposedly	because	of	my	association	with	the	AICR.	It	would	have	been	the
first	expulsion	in	the	history	of	the	society.	I	had	to	go	to	Washington	to	be
“interviewed”	by	the	president	of	the	society	and	the	director	of	nutrition	at
the	FDA.	Most	of	their	questions	concerned	the	AICR.
The	whole	ordeal	proved	stranger	than	fiction.	Expel	a	prominent	society
member—shortly	after	I	was	nominated	to	be	the	organization’s	president—
for	being	involved	with	a	cancer	research	organization?	Later,	I	found	myself
reflecting	on	the	whole	ordeal	with	a	colleague	who	knew	the	inner	workings
of	our	society,	Professor	Sam	Tove	of	North	Carolina	State	University.	He,	of
course,	knew	all	about	the	investigation,	as	well	as	other	shenanigans.	In	our
discussion,	I	told	him	about	AICR	being	a	worthy	organization	with	good
intentions.	His	response	has	resonated	with	me	ever	since.	“It’s	not	about
AICR,”	he	said.	“It’s	about	what	you	did	on	the	National	Academy	of
Sciences	report	on	diet,	nutrition	and	cancer.”
When	the	NAS’s	report	concluded	in	June	1982	that	a	lower	intake	of	fat
and	a	higher	intake	of	fruits,	vegetables	and	whole	grain	products	would	make
for	a	healthier	diet,	I	had	betrayed,	in	the	eyes	of	some,	the	nutrition	research
community.	Supposedly,	as	one	of	the	two	diet	and	cancer	experimental
researchers	on	the	panel,	it	was	my	job	to	protect	the	reputation	of	the
American	diet	as	it	was.	After	my	failure	to	do	so,	my	subsequent
involvement	with	the	AICR	and	its	promotion	of	the	NAS	report	only	made
matters	worse.
Luckily,	reason	prevailed	in	this	whole	farcical	encounter.	A	board
meeting	was	held	to	vote	on	whether	I	should	be	expelled	from	my	society,
and	I	handily	survived	the	vote	(6-0,	with	two	abstentions).It	was	hard	not	to	take	all	of	this	personally,	but	there’s	a	larger	point	here,
and	it’s	not	personal.	In	the	world	of	nutrition	and	health,	scientists	are	not
free	to	pursue	their	research	wherever	it	leads.	Coming	to	the	“wrong”
conclusions,	even	through	first-rate	science,	can	damage	your	career.	Trying
to	disseminate	these	“wrong”	conclusions	to	the	public,	for	the	sake	of	public
health,	can	destroy	your	career.	Mine	was	not	destroyed—I	was	lucky,	and
some	good	people	stood	up	for	me.	But	it	could	have	gone	much	worse.
After	all	of	these	numerous	ordeals,	I	have	a	better	understanding	of
why
my	society	did	the	things	it	did.	The	awards	funded	by	Mead	Johnson
Nutritionals,	Lederle	Laboratories,	BioServe	Biotechnologies	and	previously
Procter	and	Gamble	and	the	Dannon	Institute—all	food	and	drug	outfits—
represented	a	strange	marriage	between	industry	and	my	society.
8
	Do	you
believe	that	these	“friends”	of	the	society	are	interested	in	pursuing	scientific
investigation,	no	matter	what	the	conclusions	may	be?CONSEQUENCES	FOR	THE	PUBLIC
Ultimately,	the	lessons	I	learned	in	my	career	had	little	to	do	with	specific
names	or	specific	institutions.	These	lessons	have	more	to	do	with	what	goes
on	behind	the	scenes	of	any	large	institution.	What	happens	behind	the	scenes
during	national	policy	discussions,	whether	it	happens	in	scientific	societies,
the	government	or	in	industry	boardrooms,	is	supremely	important	for	our
health	as	a	nation.	The	personal	experiences	I	have	talked	about	in	this
chapter—only	a	sample	of	such	experiences—have	consequences	far	greater
than	personal	aggravation	and	damage	to	my	career.	These	experiences
illustrate	the	dark	side	of	science,	the	side	that	harms	not	just	individual
researchers	who	get	in	the	way,	but	all	of	society.	It	does	this	by
systematically	attempting	to	conceal,	defeat	and	destroy	viewpoints	that
oppose	the	status	quo.
There	are	some	people	in	very	influential	government	and	university
positions	who	operate	under	the	guise	of	being	scientific	“experts,”	whose
real	jobs	are	to	stifle	open	and	honest	scientific	debate.	Perhaps	they	receive
significant	personal	compensation	for	attending	to	the	interests	of	powerful
food	and	drug	companies,	or	perhaps	they	merely	have	an	honest	personal
bias	toward	a	company-friendly	viewpoint.	Personal	bias	is	stronger	than	you
may	think.	I	know	scientists	with	family	members	who	died	from	cancer	and
it	angers	them	to	entertain	the	possibility	that	personal	choices,	like	diet,
could	have	played	a	role	in	the	death	of	their	loved	ones.	Likewise,	there	are
scientists	for	whom	the	high-fat,	high	animal-based	food	diet	they	eat	every
day	is	simply	what	they	learned	was	healthy	at	a	young	age;	they	love	the
habit,	and	they	don’t	want	to	change.
The	vast	majority	of	scientists	are	honorable,	intelligent	and	dedicated	to
the	search	for	the	common	good	rather	than	personal	gain.	However,	there	are
a	few	scientists	who	are	willing	to	sell	their	souls	to	the	highest	bidder.	They
may	not	be	many	in	number,	but	their	influence	can	be
vast.	They	can	corrupt
the	good	name	of	institutions	of	which	they	are	a	part	and,	most	importantly,
they	can	create	vast	confusion	among	the	public,	which	often	cannot	know
who	is	who.	You	might	turn	on	the	TV	one	day	to	see	an	expert	praising
McDonald’s	hamburgers,	and	then	read	a	magazine	the	same	day	that	you
should	eat	less	high-fat	red	meat	to	protect	yourself	against	cancer.	Who	is	to
be	believed?
Institutions	also	are	part	of	the	dark	side	of	science.	Committees	like	the
Public	Nutrition	Information	Committee	and	the	American	Council	on
Science	and	Health	generate	lopsided	panels	and	committees	and	institutions
that	are	far	more	interested	in	promoting	their	point	of	view	than	debatingscientific	research	with	an	open	mind.	If	a	Public	Nutrition	Information
Committee	report	says	that	low-fat	diets	are	fraudulent	scams,	and	a	National
Academy	of	Sciences	report	says	the	opposite,	which	one	is	right?
In	addition,	this	closed-mindedness	in	science	spreads	across	entire
systems.	The	American	Cancer	Society	was	not	the	only	health	institution	that
worked	to	make	life	difficult	for	the	AICR.	The	N


1.
WILSON, G. S. and COWELL, M. E, Comparison of the
Nutritive Value of Raw and Pasteurized Milk for Mice. J.
Soc. Chem. Indust. 52, 403T-406T, 1933. WOOD, C. B., An Experiment in Pasteurization. Herald of
Health, 55,4, 170.
WRENCH, G. T, The Wheel of Health. London, C. W. Daniel
Co., 1938.
 <|eot_id|><|begin_of_text|>T r a n s c e n d i n g
 t h e  L e v e l s  o f  C o n s c i o u s n e s s.

T h e  S t a i r w a y  t o  E n l i g h t e n m e n t.

D a v i d  R.  H a w k i n s,  M. D.,  P h. D.
Also by David R. Hawkins.

Reality, Spirituality, and Modern Man.
 Discovery of the Pr esence of God: Devotional Nonduality.
 T ruth vs. Falsehood: How to T ell the Differ ence.
 I: Reality and Subjectivity.
 The Eye of the I: Fr om Which Nothing Is Hidden.
 Power vs. For ce: The Hidden Determinants of Human Behavior.
 Dialogues on Consciousness and Spirituality.
 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis and
 Calibration of the Levels of Human Consciousness.
 Orthomolecular Psychiatry. (with Linus Pauling).T r a n s c e n d i n g
 t h e  L e v e l s  o f  C o n s c i o u s n e s s.

T h e  S t a i r w a y  t o  E n l i g h t e n m e n t.  Copyright © 2006 by David R. Hawkins

Grateful ac knowledgment is made for per mission to reprint the following previously published
material:
 “Moral Relativism,” an article that originally appeared in The P hiladelphia T rumpet, June, 2005
Copyright © 2005. Used by permission.

The material in this book may not be reproduced or transmitted in whole or in part in any
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Softbound ISBN-13: 978-097150074-7
 Hardbound ISBN-13: 978-097150075-4
 Softbound LCCN: 2005935369
 Hardbound LCCN: 2005935370 Straight and narr ow is the path...
W aste no time.
Gloria in Excelsis Deo! DEDICA TION.

This work is dedicated to
 the liberation of the human spirit
 from the bondage of adversity
 and limitation that besets mankind
 from both within and without.T ABLE OF CONTENTS.

Dedication.
Foreword.
Preface.
Introduction.
Map of the Scale of Consciousness.

Section One: Calibration Levels Below 200: The Ego.
 Overview. The Evolution of Consciousness.
 Chapter 1. Shame: Despair.
 Chapter 2. Guilt and V indictive Hate.
 Chapter 3. Apathy.
 Chapter 4. Grief.
 Chapter 5. Fear.
 Chapter 6. Desire.
 Chapter 7. Anger.
 Chapter 8. Pride.

Section T wo. Calibration Levels 200-499: Linear Mind.
 Overview. Brain Function and Physiology of T ruth.
 Chapter 9. Courage.
 Chapter 10. Neutrality.
 Chapter 1 1. W illingness.
 Chapter 12. Acceptance.
 Chapter 13. Reason.

Section Thr ee. Calibration Levels 500-599: Spiritual Reality.
 Overview. T ranscending Linear Duality.
 Chapter 14. Love.
 Chapter 15. Unconditional Love, Joy, and Ecstasy.
 Section Four. Calibration Levels 600-1,000:
 The Illumined, Enlightened States.
 Overview. T ranscendence.
 Chapter 16. Peace, Bliss, and Illumination.
 Chapter 17. Self-Realization.
 Chapter 18. Full Enlightenment.

Section Five. T ranscendence.
 Overview. Spiritual T ransformation.
 Chapter 19. Limitations and Distractions.
 Chapter 20. Passing Through The Gates.
 Chapter 21. T ranscending The Mind.
 Chapter 22. Becoming The Prayer.

Appendices.
 Appendix A. Map of the Scale of Consciousness.
 Appendix B. How to Calibrate the Levels of Consciousness.
 Appendix C. References.

About the Author.FOREWORD.

The pur pose of prior works was to explore and explain a new  research
technique based  on consciousness and its application to all areas of life,
including subjective spiritual experiences and realizations. The
development of a pragmatic clinical science of truth emer ged that could
be u sed as a compass to guide man’ s endless quest for t ruth. As
described in previous studies, b y virtue of its very structure, the human
mind is incapab le of discerning truth from falsehood, a fact of which
mankind is painfully aware. The price of this ignorance and limitation
has been  enormous. Not only individuals but also whole civ ilizations
have gone through staggering amounts of agony, suf fering, and death.
The levels of consciousness will be examined specifically for th e sake of
the spiri tual student, devotee, and integrous person interested  in self-
improvement for its own sake. By analyzing the various obstacles and
levels to be transcended, certain principles that support spiritual
evolution are self-revealing.
This wo rk is therefore a practic al manual rather than a comprehensive
analysis, which has been presented in prior books (e.g., Sect ion 1 of
T ruth vs. Falsehood, 200 5). Although it alludes to prior work, the basic
principles will again be covered. Material is also provided for the
frustrated seeker who has ‘read everything, been everywhere’, attended
all kinds  of workshops, and yet seems to be ‘stuck’. (“My mind is like a
sponge: It has absorbed all the information, but I’m still in the same
place!”)
Because the lower levels of c onsciousness are the most painful and
dif ficult to endure, it seemed best to start up the ladder of consciousness
from the  very bottom levels, which are the most agonizing. Just because
they are  the most painful does not mean they are the most di f ficult to
transcend. On the contrary, the very pain of such lower levels ur ges one
forward to seek relief.
In transc ending the levels of con sciousness, the importance of the human
‘will’ is emphasized because it is the most critical of all functions in
spiritual work. Relatively little  attention has been paid to the will inproportion to its extreme importance, for the will is the invitation to
Divine intervention.PREF ACE.

The bas ic research on the natur e and levels of consciousness has been
described in previous works. The first was published in the form of a
dissertation ( Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis and Calibration of
the Levels of Human Consciousness, 1995.) Next came Power vs. For ce
(also 1995), which included  explanations and elaboratio ns. The
following two books were devoted to spiritual truth and enligh tenment:
The Eye of the I (2001), and I: Reality and Subjectivity (2003).
While the last two books were devoted to personal enlightenment, T ruth
vs. Falsehood (2005) investiga ted the distribution and evolution of levels
of c onsciousnes s in public life and society, as well as in the individual.
The thrust of th at study was to denote a roadway to peace and  integrity
and hop efully lessen the likelihood of war by providing an accessible,
pragmatic, clinical science of truth.
This book returns to focusing  on the individual and stud ying the
experiential subjective blocks to the advancement of consciousness that
leads to  progressive spiritual awareness and on to higher levels of
consciousness p reparatory to advanced states such as Enlig htenment
itself. The material is drawn from multiple sources, including fifty years
of psychiatric practice; psychoanalysis; twenty-five years of research
into the nature of consciousness; and transformative,


 must have been familiar to St. Paul, who used the
expression the peace of God which passeth all understanding. It is indeed
a peace that doesn't seem to make sense, and the people who experienced
it asked themselves: In the face of this, how can it be that I feel such
peace?
The answer is simple, once you realize what the ego is and how it works.
When forms that you had identified with, that gave you your sense of
self, collapse or are taken away, it can lead to a collapse of the ego, since
ego is identification with form. When there is nothing to identify with
anymore, who are you? When forms around you die or death approaches,
your sense of Beingness, of I Am, is freed from its entanglement with
form: Spirit is released from its imprisonment in matter. Y ou realize your
essential identity as formless, as an all?pervasive Presence, of Being
prior to all forms, all identifications. Y ou realize your true identity as
consciousness itself, rather than what consciousness had identified with.
That's the peace of God. The ultimate truth of who you are is not in I am
this or I am that, but I Am.
Not everybody who experiences great loss also experiences this
awakening, this disidentification from form. Some immediately create a
strong mental image or thought form in which they see themselves as avictim, whether it be of circumstances, other people, an unjust fate, or
God. This thought form and the emotions it creates, such as anger,
resentment, self?pity, and so on, they strongly identify with, and it
immediately takes the place of all the other identifications that have
collapsed through the loss. In other words, the ego quickly finds a new
form. The fact that this new form is a deeply unhappy one doesn't
concern the ego too much, as long as it has an identity, good or bad. In
fact, this new ego will be more contracted, more rigid and impenetrable
than the old one.
Whenever tragic loss occurs, you either resist or you yield. Some people
become bitter or deeply resentful; others become compassionate, wise,
and loving. Y ielding means inner acceptance of what is. Y ou are open to
life. Resistance is an inner contraction, a hardening of the shell of the
ego. Y ou are closed. Whatever action you take in a state of inner
resistance (which we could also call negativity) will create more outer
resistance, and the universe will not be on your side; life will not be
helpful. If the shutters are closed, the sunlight cannot come in. When you
yield internally, when you surrender, a new dimension of consciousness
opens up. If action is possible or necessary, your action will be in
alignment with the whole and supported by creative intelligence, the
unconditioned consciousness which in a state of inner openness you
become one with. Circumstances and people then become helpful,
cooperative. Coincidences happen. If no action is possible, you rest in
the peace and inner stillness that come with surrender. Y ou rest in God.C H A P T E R  T H R E E  T H E  C O R E  O F  E G O
Most people are so completely identified with the voice in the head the
incessant stream of involuntary and compulsive thinking and the
emotions that accompany it that we may describe them as being
possessed by their mind. As long as you are completely unaware of this
you take the thinker to be who you are. This is the egoic mind. W e call it
egoic because there is a sense of self, of I (ego), in every thought every
memory, every interpretation, opinion, viewpoint, reaction, emotion.
This is unconsciousness, spiritually speaking. Y our thinking, the content
of your mind, is of course conditioned by the past: your upbringing,
culture, family background, and so on. The central core of all your mind
activity consists of certain repetitive and persistent thoughts, emotions,
and reactive patterns that you identify with most strongly. This entity is
the ego itself.
In most cases, when you say I, it is the ego speaking, not you, as we have
seen. It consists of thought and emotion, of a bundle of memories you
identify with as me and my story, of habitual roles you play without
knowing it, of collective identifications such as nationality, religion,
race, social class, or political allegiance. It also contains personal
identifications, not only with possessions, but also with opinions,
external appearance, long? standing resentments, or concepts of yourself
as better than or not as good as others, as a success or failure.
The content of the ego varies from person to person, bu in every ego the
same structure operates. In other words: Egos only dif fer on the surface.
Deep down they are all the same. In what way are they the same? They
live on identification and separation. When you live through the mind?
made self comprised of thought and emotion that is the ego, the basis for
your identity is precarious because thought and emotion are by their very
nature ephemeral, fleeting. So every ego is continuously struggling for
survival, trying to protect and enlar ge itself. T o uphold the I?thought, it
needs the opposite thought of the other. The conceptual I cannot survive
without the conceptual other. The others are most other when I see them
as my enemies. At one end of this scale of this unconscious egoic pattern
lies the egoic compulsive habit of faultfinding and complaining about
others. Jesus referred to it when he said, Why to do you see the speck
that is in yourbrother's eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye? At the
other end of the scale, there is physical violence between individuals and
warfare between nations. In the Bible, Jesus' question remains
unanswered, but the answer is, of course: Because when I criticize or
condemn another, it makes me feel bigger, superior.A New Earth
C O M P L A I N I N G  A N D  R E S E N T M E N T
Complaining is one of the ego's favorite strategies for strengthening
itself. Every complaint is a little story the mind makes up that you
completely believe in. Whether you complain aloud or only in thought
makes no dif ference. Some egos that perhaps don't have much else to
identify with easily survive on complaining alone. When you are in the
grip of such and ego, complaining, especially about other people, is
habitual and, of course, unconscious, which means you don't know what
you are doing. Applying negative mental labels to people, either to their
face or more commonly when you speak about them to others or even
just think about them, is often part of this pattern. Name?calling is the
crudest form of such labeling and of the ego's need to be right and
triumph over others: jerk, bastard, bitch? all definitive pronouncements
that you can't ar gue with. On the next level down on the scale of
unconsciousness, you have shouting and screaming, and not much below
that, physical violence.
Resentment is the emotion that goes with complaining and the mental
labeling of people and adds even more ener gy to the ego. Resentment
means to feel bitter, indignant, aggrieved, or of fended. Y ou resent other
people's greed, their dishonesty, their lack of integrity, what they are
doing what they did in the past, what they said what they failed to do,
what they should for shouldn't have done. The ego loves it. Instead of
overlooking unconsciousness in others, you make it in to their identity.
Who is doing that? The unconsciousness in you, the ego. Sometimes the
fault that you perceive in another isn't even there. It is a total
misinterpretation, a projection by a mind conditioned to see enemies and
to make itself right or superior. At other times, the fault may be theirs,
but by focusing on it, sometimes to the exclusion of everything else, you
amplify it. And what you react to in another, you strengthen in yourself.
Non?reaction to the ego in others is one of the most ef fective ways not
only of going beyond ego in yourself but also of dissolving the collective
human ego. But you can only be in a state of nonreaction if you canrecognize someone's behavior as coming from the ego, as being an
expression of the collective human dysfunction. When you realize it's not
personal, there is no longer a compulsion to react as if it were. By not
reacting to the ego, you will often be able to bring out the sanity in
others, which is the unconditioned consciousness as opposed to the
conditioned. At times you may have to take practical steps to protect
yourself from deeply unconscious people. This you can do without
making them into enemies. Y our greatest protection, however, is being
conscious. Somebody becomes an enemy if you personalize the
unconsciousness that is the ego. Non reaction is not weakness but
strength. Another word for nonreaction is for giveness. T o for give is to
overlook, or rather to look through. Y ou look through the ego to the
sanity that is in every human being as his or her essence.
The ego loves to complain and feel resentful not only ab


 very small amounts, as large doses
can be fatal. Sulphur dioxide is an industrial disinfectant which
has deleterious effects upon kidney function and metabolism
when used in food. Maraschino cherries, widely used in choco-
late covered candies, are prepared by bleaching out all of the
original color of the fruit with a solution of sulphur dioxide and
brine. Then they are artificially colored with a new red color.
Artificial flavor is also added and the cherries are preserved for
marketing in a solution of alcohol.
The basic purpose behind modern confectionery is to create
an inexpensive product that will keep indefinitely. Artificial in-
gredients are much less expensive than natural ingredients and
they are scarcely perishable at all. So the modern confectioner
wants to make his product as artificial as humanly possible. Yet,
completely natural confections can be made, and for those who
are willing to pay for real food instead of artificial "fillers~' they
represent an acceptable method of satisfying the normal desire
for sweets. Unfumigated dates, unsulphured sun-dried fruits,
nuts, sunflower seeds, honey, cream, butter, fruit juices, and
other natural ingredients may be employed in dozens of combi-
nations in the preparation of vitamin-rich uncooked candy. If
you cannot obtain such candy through natural food outlets, you
can make it in your home. The candy should be kept under
refrigeration if long preservation is necessary. XVI. Ice Cream
I CE CREAM WAS ORIGINALLY SOLD AS A
confection and formed a very small part of the American food
supply. It was made primarily from cream, milk, eggs, sugar, and
fresh fruit. But in the modern era these circumstances have
changed. Ice cream has become a staple food of our civilization,
and we are urged to depend upon it as an important source of
calcium and other dietary essentials. Ice cream has even been
described as a health food for children. We are told that all
ingredients now used in ice cream are "pure" and that all equip-
ment used in manufacturing the product is modern and spot-
lessly clean.
Until 1958, there were no federal laws regulating the ingre-
dients of ice cream or the labeling of ingredients within the ice
cream package. The ingredients in ice cream were left entirely
to dairy associations and state legislatures. Most states passed
requirements on the butterfat content of ice cream, but beyond
that, manufacturers were given a free hand to produce their
product as they saw fit. Accordingly, most commercial ice cream
could be more aptly described as imitation ice cream than real
ice cream. Butterfat requirements were set at eight to fourteen
per cent, depending upon states, so, except for frankly advertised
ice cream substitutes, all ice cream could be depended upon to
contain some cream, which was always pasteurized and homogen-
ized. Refined sugar was the primary ingredient and often ex-
ceeded the cream in quantity. The chemical anti-freeze ingredi- ICE CREAM
ent, diethyl glucol, was used in place of eggs as an emulsifier in
much ice cream. Other ingredients included artificial flavoring
extracts, artificial coloring extracts, pure starch, gum arabic,
canned milk, and powdered milk. In some cases slaughter house
wastes and tallow were also added. Carboxymethyl was often
employed as a stabilizer in ice cream, and the anti-oxidant, di-
hydroguaiaretic acid, was commonly used to prevent spoilage.
The new requirements for ice cream, set by the Food and Drug
Administration in 1958, provide for a limited improvement in
ice cream quality. Some of the chemical additives, including cer-
tain acid emulsifiers that break down the barrier between fat
and water, are now forbidden. Such stabilizers as gelatin, locust-
bean, gum sodium alginate, guar-seed gum, and extract of Irish
peat moss may continue in use. Artificial flavors and colors are
still permitted for ice cream, although real fruit flavors are re-
quired for sherbets and water ices. All ice cream must now include
at least lo per cent milk fat and 20 per cent milk solids. The
ice cream must weigh a minimum of four and a half pounds per
gallon, to hold down the quantity of air that is whipped into the
product. A minimum of one and six-tenths pounds of solid
substance per gallon is now required to assure a better balance
between water and cream.
These are improvements, it is true, but they do not assure a
healthful product. There is still not a single completely whole-
some ingredient in ordinary commercial ice cream. All of the
cream remains pasteurized; refined sugar is still the primary ingre-
dient, and artificial flavors and colors remain in use. It is true -
all ingredients are "pure:' but this very purity can be a serious
disadvantage. T11e "pure" white sugar used, for instance, is cer-
tainly less desirable than natural sweetening agents which still
contain such "impurities" as minerals and vitamins.
These statements do not constitute a criticism of real ice
cream, made from raw cream and milk, eggs, honey, and fresh
fruit or juice for flavoring. You can have ice cream and you can
have good health, providing you obtain the genuine product DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS
rather than the adulterated mixture of commerce. For the pres-
ent, this brings ice cream making back to the home. With a
standard hand-operated ice cream freezer, or the extra convenient
electric freezer, you can make a real health food, suitable for
child and adult alike, which will surpass commercial ice cream
in flavor as well as nutritional value. XVII. The Practical Application
A BSTINENCE FROM THE DANGEROUS
highly-processed foods of civilization is a foremost requirement
on the road to good health. But it is not the only requirement.
We may live upon unrefined foods, free from all chemical addi-
tives, but if these are grown upon depleted soils and largely
devitalized through extensive heat-processing, health may still
be impaired to some degree. There is a fundamental need for
unsprayed foods grown upon fertile soils in good nutrition. There
is an equally important need for the heat-labile nutrients which
can be obtained only through adequate intake of raw foods. For a
balanced healthy life, we also need pure air, regular exercise,
exposure to sunlight, sufficient rest, mental tranquility, and all
of the other normal hygienic requirements of life. Here we have
covered an important part of the nutritional phase of healthful
living, which, while not offering a complete answer to all health
problems, does provide us with one of the most important keys
for physical improvement in modern life.
The concluding picture of good nutrition is an optimistic one.
When the dangerous foods of civilization are omitted from the
diet, not only will human health improve, but there will be
much greater pleasure from eating. The alteration, treatment, and
processing of food has proved very costly, not only in terms of
human health, but perhaps equally so with respect to our enjoy-
ment of foods. Unusual as it may seem, popular opinion has
decreed that a food must be either healthful or palatable; we DANGERS IN MODERN FOODS THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION
have assumed that foods are nutritious in proportion to their
lack of flavor and harmful in proportion to their delicious flavors.
Actually, this is far from the case, as any brief consideration will
indicate.
What are some of the choices in food now before us? Fresh
fruits from the tree and bush, or the canned products of com-
merce; succulent, tender greens in their raw state, or soggy
vegetables from the boiling pan; the fragrant and delicious forms
of honey, or white sugar; raw, crisp, brown nuts fresh from their
shells, or fumigated nut-meats and salt and oil-soaked nut prepa-
rations; the crisp meat of the mature coconut and the fine
custard of the jelly coconut, or colored oil and sugared shreds;
real whole grain products, or tasteless starch; sun-dried fruit-
honey-nut confections, or artificially flavored and colored
mixtures of refined ingredients; delicious natural cheeses, or
processed cheeses; fresh meat cuts from healthy animals, or
hormonized meats and tinned and processed meats; pure vege-
table broth powder, or common salt; delicate herbal seasonings,
or irritating condiments; fresh raw milk, or pasteurized, con-
densed, evaporated, boiled, and dried milk; fresh fruit and vege-
table juices, or soft drinks, delicious herbal teas, or caffeine-
containing beverages; pure spring water, or chemically treated
water.
It is apparent that healthful eating does not involve a single
sacrifice in terms of our enjoyment of foods. On the contrary, a
return to natural foodstuffs will allow the development of a true
Epicuran art which may greatly increase the pleasure of eating.
Man today is sacrificing the fully-developed and complete flavors
of real foods and is living instead largely upon products which
are either tasteless or rendered edible with artificial flavoring. The
fact that he is still able to enjoy his food at all


 We
should be living to be 130, 140 years old routinely.

If you have a carbohydrate that is not a fiber it is going to be turned into a sugar, whether it be glucose or not. It may be  fructose
..., fructose is worse for you then glucose, so if you just go by blood sugar.... it doesn't mean that you are not raising your
blood fructose.

..... Glucose combines with anything else really, it's a very sticky molecule.....Just take sugar on  your fingers. It's very sticky. It
sticks specifically to proteins...... the term for glycation in the food industry is carmelization. They use it all the time, that is how
you make caramel. So the way we age is that we turn rancid and we caramelize. It' s very true. And that is what gets most of us.
If that doesn't get us, then the genetic causes of aging will, because every cell in your body has genetic programs to commit
suicide.
"What is a potato? A potato is a big lump of sugar. That's all it is."

Let's get to diet. Diet really becomes pretty simple. Carbohydrates we started talking about. You've got fiber and non -fiber and
that's real clear -cut. Fiber is good, non -fiber is bad. Fibrous carbs, like vegetables and broccoli, those are great.

What is a potato? A potato is a big lump of sugar. That's all it is. You chew a potato, what are you swallowing? Glucose. You
may not remember, but you learned that in eighth grade, but the medical profession still hasn't learned that..... What is a slice
of brea d? A slice of sugar. Does it have anything else good about it? Virtually no..... And there are fifty -some essential nutrients
to the human body.
"What is the minimum daily requirement for carbohydrates? ZERO. "

.......... What is the minimum daily requirement for carbohydrates? ZERO.
What is the food pyramid based on? A totally irrelevant nutrient.

..... Those are the two essential reasons that we need to eat. We need the building blocks and we need fuel, not the least of
which is to have energy to  obtain those building blocks and then to have energy to fuel those chemical reactions to use those
building blocks.

So what are the building blocks that are needed, proteins and fatty acids. Not much in the way of carbohydrates. You can get all
the carbo hydrates you need from proteins and fats. So the building blocks are covered by proteins and fats.
"Glucose was meant to be fuel used in an emergency situation, such as running from a saber tooth tiger."

.... What about fuel? That's the other reason we ea t. There are two kinds of fuel that your body can use with minor exceptions,
sugar and fat. We mentioned earlier that the body is going to store excess energy as fat. Why does the body store it as fat?
Because that is the body's desired fuel. That is the f uel the body wants to burn and that will sustain you and allow you to live.
The body can store only a little bit of sugar..... In an active day you would die if you had to rely one -hundred percent on sugar.

Why doesn't your body store more sugar if it is  so needed? Sugar was never meant to be your primary energy source..... Sugar
is meant to be your body's turbo charger...... The brain can actually exist without a whole lot of sugar, contrary to popula r belief.
Glucose was meant to be fuel used if you h ad to, in an emergency situation, expend and extreme amount of energy, such as
running from a saber tooth tiger.
"Vegetables are great, I want you to eat vegetables.... but there is no essential need. "
 copyright © Dr. Stanley S. Bass   (718) 648 -1500    www.drbass.com  82

..... Vegetables are great, I want you to eat vegetables. The practical aspect of it is that you are going to get carbs, but there is
no essential need..... Fruit is a mixed blessing...... But most foods fall in the middle somewhere. Things like strawberries, you
are going to get something bad with strawberries, you are going to get a lot of sugar with strawberries, but you are also goi ng to
get a food that is also the second or third highest in antioxidant potential of any food known, the first being garlic the second
either being strawberries or blueberries. So, there is something good to be had from it. So I will let some patients put some
strawberries in let's say a protein smoothie in the morning. But if they are a hard core diabetic, strawberries are out.
"Eating is the biggest stress we put on our body and that is why in caloric restriction experiments you can
extend life."

..... Most food is a double edged sword..... Eating is the biggest stress we put on our body and that is why in caloric restriction
experiments you can extend life as long as you maintain nutrition. This is the only proven way of actually reducing the rate of
aging, not just the mortality rate, but the actual rate of aging, because eating is a big stress.

.... Your primary fuel should be coming from fat...... So you want to increase the ability of the cells in the body to burn fat. You
want to make that glucose burner into a fat burner. You want to make a gasoline burning car into a diesel b urning car.
"You want everybody, athletes especially, to be able to burn fat efficiently. So when they train, they are on
a very low carbohydrate diet."

..... With athletes, let's think about that. What is the effect of carbohydrate loading before an even t. What happens if you eat a
bowl of pasta before you have to run a marathon. What does that bowl of pasta do? It raises your insulin. What is the
instruction of insulin to your body?

To store energy and not burn it. I see a fair amount of athletes and this is what I tell them, you want everybody, athletes
especially, to be able to burn fat efficiently. So when they train, they are on a very low carbohydrate diet. The night befor e their
event, they can stock up on sugar and load their glycogen if they wo uld like.
"Your primary energy source ideally would come mostly from mono -unsaturated fat."

.... In general, over 50% of the calories should come from fat, but not from saturated fat...... Saturated fat is a hard fat. We can
get the fats from foods to come mostly from nuts. Nuts are a great food because it is mostly mono -unsaturated. Your primary
energy source ideally would come mostly from mono -unsaturated fat. It's a good compromise. It is not an essential fat, but it is
a more fluid fat. Your body ca n utilize it very well as an energy source.
"Animal proteins are fine and are good for you, but not the ones that are fed grains."

..... Animal proteins are fine and are good for you, but not the ones that are fed grains. Grain -fed animals are going to ma ke
saturated fat out of the grains. Saturated fat in nature occurs to a very tiny degree. Not in the wild there is very little s aturated fat
out there. If you talk about the Paleolithic diet, we didn't eat a saturated fat diet. Saturated fat diets are new to mankind. We
manufactured a saturated fat diet by feeding animals grains. You can consider saturated fat to be second generation
carbohydrates. We eat the saturated fats that other animals produce from carbohydrates.
"I would go 20% of calories from carb s, 25 to 30% of calories from protein, and 60 -65% from fat."

...... I would go 20% of calories from carbs. Depending on the size of the person, 25 to 30% of calories from protein, and 60 -
65% from fat. You can get non -grain fed beef.

Insulin is not the o nly cause of disease. There are other considerations such as iron. We know that high iron levels are bad for
you. If a person's ferritin is high, red meat is out for a while, till we get their iron down. SO there are other things invo lved about
if we are going to allow a person to eat red meat or not.

There is a great deal of difference between a non -grain fed cow and a grain fed cow. Non -grain fed will have only 10% or less
saturated fat. Grain fed can have over 50%.
"There is a big difference. A non -grain fed cow will actually be high in Omega 3 oils."

There is a big difference. A non -grain fed cow will actually be high in Omega 3 oils. Plants have a pretty high percentage of
Omega 3, and if you accumulate it by eating it all day, every day for most of your life, your fat gets a pretty high proportion of
Omega 3. I would try for 50% oleic fat, and the others would depend on the individual, but about 25% of the other two.

 copyright © Dr. Stanley S. Bass   (718) 648 -1500    www.drbass.com                                               83

..... I like sardines if they will eat them. Sardines are a very


. We all do the same
thing in our various forms of activity. But it is often difficult to
know if our original idea was a good one.
1£ the picture is purchased, if the book becomes a best-seller
and if the music is played all over the country, the creators of
these things can assume-within limits-that their original flight
of imagination was worthwhile. But such confirmation is not
always available and, if it is not, that does not necessarily prove
that the flight of imagination was worthless because many im
portant ideas have lain dormant or unrecognized for many years.
There is nothing mysterious, then, about the way in which
scientists attempt to discover natural laws. We all use the same
method but scientists enjoy an advantage over non-scientists : it
is usually easier for them to check their hunches by experiments.
For both scientists and non-scientists, problem-solving must al
ways be a developing, growing process, subject to change as
knowledge and understanding increase. To say, therefore, that
something has been proven is often questionable, except in a few
cases, such as the law of gravity, which we can say have been
proven beyond question. To increase the number of things which
can be regarded as proven is, of course, the ultimate desire of all
students of the Universe, but that desire is not often achieved.
To some this may seem a pessimistic approach, depriving man
of his essential dignity. This is, of course, far from the truth be
cause the complexity of the Universe and its component parts is
so great that the mind of any individual can only analyse a few
of the complexities and interpret them in the light of such in
formation as may be available. A modest approach to an under
standing of the Universe does not impair human dignity-it
enhances it. Moreover, it is the only approach likely to succeed
because Nature seems reluctant to reveal her secrets to the in
tellectually arrogant.
These, then, are the methods and the approach which have
been adopted in the present adventure in science. CHAP TER TWO
The Course and the Compass
1
In the previous chapter we outlined some of the results of this
adventure in science. But it should be emphasized that when we
set out we knew what we hoped to find but had no certainty of
finding it.
For science is a trip across unchart ed seas to a goal which lies
beyond the horizon. We do not know the ultimate goal. All we
can hope for is that there is some goal which we ourselves can
reach or, if we cannot find it, that we can get near enough to it
to learn some more about it and to pave the way for others to
follow us.
Though he already knows some of the things we found, the
reader may be interested to know how we found them, as an
illustration of the scientific method, just as many are interested
to read an account of some expedition, of which they already
know the result.
However uncertain the ultimate goal, we could not, of course,
set sail at random. Like all explorers we had to have some idea
of what we were looking for, even though we realized that we
might not find it or might come upon something we never
thought of, like an early explorer who thought he was on the
way to China and found what today is Montreal.
As explained in the last chapter we had to assemble all the
facts we could, to seek some connection between them and then
to formulate a hunch or hypothesis which we hoped to prove by
our voyage of discovery.
Before we could set out, however, we had to look for the best
navigational instruments we could find to keep us on our pro
jected course.
26 THE CO URSE AND THE COMPASS
2
Since the time of Galvani there have been innumerable studies
of living organisms, all of which make it abundant ly clear that
all living organisms possess electrical properties. In our own day
and generation, brain waves, heart waves, concomitants of ner
vous impulses, of muscle contraction and of glandular activity
have filled the literature with a great deal of exceedingly import
ant information. The meaning of all these phenomena has been
worked out almost entirely on an empirical basis. Relations of
electrical phenomena with many biological functions in health
and in disease have been observed.
There has been no general underlying theory, however, of
the nature and the meaning of the recorded electrical changes,
except in so far as they can be explained by their consequences.
The reason for this is fairly obvious: Modern emphasis on en
tities, on fluid forms, atomicity and discontinuity, has dominated
biological thought.
Galileo had no sooner developed his physical and mechanical
theory of the inorganic universe, than Harvey proceeded to apply
physical and mechanical conceptions to living creatures in the
discovery of the circulation of the blood. Levoisier revealed the
chemical character of respiration in metabolism in living things
at the same time that he placed chemistry upon a secure founda
tion with the discovery of the principle of the conservation of
mass. Gradually, with Liebig and a vast army of physiological
chemists, the chemical nature of living creatures became more
and more evident.
It is to be noted that this is a distinctly modern emphasis.
Chemistry rests upon a discontinuous, atomic conception of
nature. Atomism, in its traditional interpretation, involved an
emphasis on entities, rather than upon structure, and on con
stituent elements, rather than on the whole. This attitude of
mind has gone all through biology even where no thought has
been given to the chemical nature of the processes or factors con
sidered. Practically a century ago, Schleiden and Schwann dis-
27 THE COURS E AND THE COMP ASS
covered the cellular nature of plants and animals. Here, sup
posedly, was the ultimate biological atom. More recently, em
phasis has shifted from the cell to the gene, and from that to the
highly complex protein molecule capable of replication. But even
so, the emphasis is still on entities.
It is to be noted that this entire development involved the
carrying over into biology of a philosophical standpoint which
was discovered and clearly formulated first in physics and
chemistry. There can be no doubt of its success or its validity.
There is nothing to date to indicate that biologists should hesitate
to follow the lead which the mature and exact science of physics
gives them. But, if they are faithfully to follow this lead, it is
clear that a slight change of emphasis should corne into biological
theory. For in physics the former emphasis on entities rather than
on organization, upon discontinuity, rather than upon contin
uity, upon local systems, rather than upon their status in the
total field of nature as a whole, has been found to need a radical
and thoroughgoing supplementation.
The word supplementation is to be emphasized, for modern
standpoints have not rejected the former emphasis; it is merely
being amended. The amendment is so thoroughgoing, however,
as to amount to the placing of the Greek upon an equal footing
with the modern standpoint. Moreover, the concepts modified are
so primary, so important and so general and universal in their
application that every branch of human activity-and even the
very meaning and significance of any fact we observe or of any
experiment we perform-are affected. The elemental and essen
tial fact as it appears in physics can be stated very briefly.
Atomic physics has had to be supplemented with field physics.
The point to be noted is that the particle both conditions and is
conditioned by its field. Stated in more general terms, this means
that continuity, as well as discontinuity, is ultimate, that Nature
is both one and many. In short, any local system in part, con
stitutes-and, in part, is constituted in its behaviour by
Nature as a whole and the physical field in which it is embedded.
This rediscovery of the continuous field-or the one, as causal
factor conditioning the behaviour of the constituent particles or
the many-is a return to the Greek standpoint. But the partic les
28 THE COURSE AND THE COMP ASS
also determine the character of the field. This is the modern view
point. The reciprocal causal relationship between field and par
ticle amounts to the union of both viewpoints. This is the fact
that anyone with an eye to first principles can see standing out
amid all the complexi ties of the confusions of current discoveries
in physics.*
But this mere designation of the fact is not enough. We do not
possess science until our findings are formulated in terms of clear,
consisten t principles. The modern conception of Nature as a dis
continuous collection of moving particles makes all order in
Nature a temporary effect, renders Nature as a whole a mere
aggregate and provides no meaning for the continuity as a prim
ary factor or for the field as a causal factor. The Greek conception
as formulated in mathema tics and astronomy by Plato and
Eudoxius, or in biology by Aristotle, does justice to continuity,
unity and organization-and also to the field character of
natural phenomena-but at the cost of interpreting Nature as a
single substance or system.
It is clear, therefore, that before the doctrine of reciprocal inter
action between particle and field can be made significant a new
theory of the first principles of science must be developed. More
over, this