 stock
3 cups water
2 tablespoons Bragg Liquid Aminos
4 stalks celery with leaves, chopped
4 carrots, chopped
1 cup parsley, chopped
1 teaspoon ground thyme, or 4 sprigs fresh
1 tablespoon white vinegar
Cracked black or ground white pepper to taste
Sauté the onion and bay leaves on high heat in a sprayed soup pot for 5
minutes, until the onion browns. Add the garlic and split peas, stirring for 3
minutes, until warm. Add the vegetable stock, water, and Bragg’ s, and bring
to a boil. Cover and cook over low heat, stirring occasionally, for 30
minutes. Add warm water as necessary to achieve desired consistency. Add
the celery, carrots, parsley, thyme, and vinegar. Continue to cook until the
peas achieve the desired consistency. Season with black or white pepper.
Mexican Lime Soup
This soup is fun to of fer guests. Serve it in lar ge bowls, and crumble healthy
chips on top of the soup before enjoying.
Serves 4 to 6
1 large onion, chopped
8 ounces mushrooms, quartered
2 bay leaves
2 cloves garlic, chopped or pressed
3 poblano chili peppers, toasted, seeded, skinned (see Roasting Peppers and
Fresh Chiles, page 139), and cut into strips
2–3 32-ounce cartons vegetable stock
2 ears of corn, husks removed and cut into 2-inch rounds
4 medium red potatoes, cut into 1-inch cubes
1 bunch cilantro, rinsed and chopped
3 limes
4 tomatoes, chopped
2 avocados, peeled and slicedCorn chips (see E2-Approved Foods)
For Soup:
Sauté the onion, mushrooms, and bay leaves on medium heat in a lar ge,
sprayed soup pot for 5 minutes, until the onion browns. Add the garlic,
chilies, and 1 cup of stock. Stir intermittently for 5 minutes, until the
peppers begin to soften. Add the remaining stock, corn, and potatoes. Cover
and cook on medium heat for 10 minutes, until the potatoes are tender.
Remove from heat and let sit covered for 5 minutes.
For Serving:
Stir the cilantro, zest of 1 lime, and the juice of 3 limes into the soup
immediately before serving. Place a handful each of tomatoes, avocados,
and healthy chips into lar ge soup bowls. Pour the hot soup directly over the
vegetables and chips and serve.
Variations:
Use 8 ounces of canned green chilies in place of fresh poblanos.
Use drained, rinsed canned hominy or corn in place of fresh corn.
For Fir e Cadets during W eek One. Add cooked chicken or fish to the
soup with the corn and potatoes and simmer for 10 minutes.
Kole’ s Creamy Cauliflower  Soup
My son, Kole, loves this wonderful soup. It was served at our friends Mark
and Monica Cravotta’ s Christmas Day potluck dinner, and Kole went to
town on it. My wife, Jill, then perfected this tasty and surprisingly rich soup
to make it a cinch to prepare.
Serves 6
4 cups chopped onions
½ teaspoon sea salt
2½ cups water, divided
3 cups diced potatoes
½ cup chopped celery
2 large carrots, diced
1 head cauliflower, cut into bite-size florets
2 cups vegetable broth
2 tablespoons cashew or peanut butter
2 tablespoons low-sodium tamariSea salt and cracked pepper to taste
This recipe is great as is—or, as I often prefer, doubled for even more
terrific soup! Heat onion, salt, and ½ cup water, then simmer on low for
approximately 20 minutes, or until the onions cook down to a nice mush.
Check to make sure the water is suf ficient, and then add ¼ cup of water, as
needed, so the onions don’ t burn on the bottom of the pot.
Add the potatoes, celery, carrots, and cauliflower along with 2 cups of
water and the vegetable broth. Simmer until all the vegetables are soft—
about 20 minutes.
Add the cashew or peanut butter and tamari. Mash with a potato masher
(or an immersion blender) until the soup is mostly smooth, with some nice
chunks. Season with cracked pepper and sea salt to taste.
Variations:
Add one bunch of freshly chopped kale, mustard greens, or collard
greens 5 to 8 minutes before serving for a nutritional power punch!
Three-Bean Chili
Matt and Steve were on vacation and Scottie wasn’ t around. Therefore, it
was just Derick and me at the station for the C shift on a warm April day,
along with two travelers (travelers are firefighters who come from other
stations to fill in during absences).
I asked them if they’d like to join us for our plant-bold dinner wagon.
“Absolutely!” they both said.
So I cooked up my three-bean chili. The travelers enjoyed the meal so
much they thought they might just eat plant-based all the time. But three
hours later, while sitting on the porch outside the station, they were hit by
some unexpected flatulence. Derick and I, whose systems are acclimated to
this healthy, cleansing food, were fine.
Keep in mind, some people will have a lag time of a few weeks before
their gastrointestinal tract settles into happiness. However, as your body
gets used to the enormous amount of roughage in the E2 Diet, you will soon
be as silent as the night, as regular as Big Ben, and feel zero stomach
distress.
Serve this chili on top of a bed of fresh greens with warm whole grain
tortillas or healthy chips. For an even heartier meal, serve over brown rice
and greens.Serves 6 to 8
1 large onion, chopped
2 cloves garlic, minced or pressed
2 bay leaves
2 green bell peppers, seeded and chopped
2 stalks celery, chopped
2 carrots, chopped
1 cup chopped mushrooms
1 jalapeño pepper, chopped
1 can kidney beans, rinsed and drained
1 can black beans, rinsed and drained
1 can chickpeas, rinsed and drained
3 cups water
2 28-ounce cans plum tomatoes, with juice, chopped
1 6-ounce can of tomato paste
1 pound firm tofu, crumbled
1 can corn or frozen equivalent
1 apple, chopped
2 tablespoons chili powder
2 teaspoons coriander
2 tablespoons Dijon mustard
1 tablespoon blackstrap molasses
½ cup chopped parsley or cilantro
Salt and pepper to taste
Sauté onion on medium-high heat in a lar ge sprayed soup pot for 5
minutes. Add garlic, bay leaves, bell peppers, celery, carrots, mushrooms,
and jalapeño, then cook on medium for 5 more minutes. Add beans, water,
tomatoes, tomato paste, tofu, corn, apple, remaining seasonings, mustard,
molasses, and parsley or cilantro. Cover and simmer on low heat for 15 to
20 minutes. Season with salt and pepper.
Variations:
Garnish with sliced avocado, chopped raw onion, minced jalapeños,
Southwest Salsa (see page 240), or E2 Sour Cream (see page 239).
Add vegetarian meat crumbles to the pot with the beans and tomatoes.Savory Lentils and Gr eens
With all the greens in this, it is hard to find a more healthy soup. And, it’ s
quick, because the lentils can be served al dente. If you prefer them soupy-
thick, cook them a little longer, stirring frequently. At Engine 2, we like the
small green French lentils, but don’ t forget to give the yellow, brown, and
orange lentils a shot as well.
Serve with warm whole grain bread or brown rice and greens.
Serves a fir ehouse of 10
2 medium onions, chopped
2 stalks celery, chopped
4 cloves garlic, chopped
3 carrots, chopped
4 tomatoes, chopped
2½ cups lentils
5 cups vegetable broth
5 cups water
Ground pepper, to taste
2 large heads of leafy greens, chopped into bite-size pieces. Use kale,
collards, spinach, Swiss chard, or a combination of as many as you wish.
In a lar ge soup pot, add onion, celery, garlic, and carrots and stir -fry over
low heat for 10 minutes, stirring frequently. Add the tomatoes and stir -fry
for 5 more minutes. Add the lentils, broth, water, and pepper, and bring to a
boil uncovered over high heat. Cover, turn the heat down, and simmer for
45 minutes. Add the greens and simmer for another 10 minutes or, for
especially green and fresh-looking greens, boil or steam the greens first,
then add them to the soup pot just before serving.
E2 Tex-Mex Favorites
Tex-Mex cuisine, which blends Texan and Mexican food, has become
quite popular throughout the country, but in Austin, it’ s probably the most
common cuisine around: tortillas, wraps, burritos, enchiladas, tacos, salsas,
and sauces.
Traditionally, all these favorites are stuf fed with dif ferent meats and
cheeses. This is where E2 breaks from Tex-Mex tradition—yet we havediscovered that Tex-Mex, with E2 modifications, can be as healthy as it is
delicious.
E2 Basics Tacos
Tacos are a snap to prepare—but


 Someone Else
Seat the person comfortably with their hand resting near you.
Choose the first knuckle  from the middle or first finger  just like
you do for yourself. Since you are touching this person, you are
putting yourself  in the circuit with the subject.
To exclude yourself, you need to add inductance  to yourself.
A coil of about 10 microhenrys, worn next to the skin, works
well and is easily made. Obtain insulated wire and wrap 24 turns
around a ball point pen (or something about that size), closely
spaced. Cut the ends and tape them down securely. Keep it in a
plastic bag, even when in your pocket. A commercial in ductance
of 4.7 microhenrys, worn touching your skin  also works well. It
can be worn on a string necklace. (Remember to remove the
necklace when testing yourself.) The inductance acts as an RF
(radio frequency ) choke, limiting the alternating cur rent that can
flow through you while testing another person.
Test your inductor  in this way. Repeat Lesson One with the
coil next to your body. No resonance, even to SALT #1, should
occur. If it does, make the coil bigger. Remove the inductor when
you are not testing others.
Lesson Eight
Purpose:  To detect aluminum  in the brain of another  person.
Materials:  same as previous lesson, you wear the inductor.BIOELECTRONICS
487Method:
1.Place the a luminum  sample on one plate and the brain
sample on the other plate.
2.Give the other person the handhold. You use the probe.
Hold their finger  steady in yours.
3.Probe the other person for r esonance. The first probe  is
with only one plate in the circuit. The second is with both
plates in the circuit. Resonance implies there is aluminum
in the person's brain.
Saliva Testing
This may become your most useful test. The saliva has in it a
bit of almost everything toxic that is in you. But it is not the first
tissue to carry the HIV  virus or a bit of a tapeworm  stage.
Nevertheless, Salmonella  in your liver, mercury  in your kidneys,
aluminum  in the brain all show up in the saliva, too. And saliva
can be sent by mail or stored in the refrigerator. It should be
frozen for long storage to prevent mold invasion. Or it may have
grain alcohol added to preserve it. This test is not as sensi tive as
having the person present in the circuit, though.
To make a saliva specimen, place a two inch square piece of
white, unfragranced paper towel (tear,  don't  cut) in a lightweight
resealable baggy. Hold the open baggy near your mouth. Don't
touch the paper towel with your fingers. Drool or  spit onto the
paper towel until half of it is damp. Zip it shut. Before testing,
add enough filtered water to dampen the whole piece of paper.
Lesson Nine
Purpose:  To search for shingles  or Herpes.
Materials:  A saliva specimen from the person being tested;
they may be thousands of miles away. Also a specimen of theTHE CURE FOR ALL DISEASES
488virus. This can be obtained from someone else's lesions—one
droplet is enough, picked up on a bit of paper towel. The whole
thing, towel and all, can be pushed into a glass bottle for pre-
serving. Water and alcohol should be added. It can also be put on
a slide, Herpes, homemade. A homeopathic preparation of the
virus does not give accurate results for this kind of testing, due to
the additional frequency imposed on it by potentizing. (However,
homeopathic preparations can be used if the potency matches the
tissue frequency where it resides. Hopefully, some way of using
homeopathic sources will soon be found.)
Method:  Place the saliva specimen in its unopened baggy on
one plate. You may wish to open it briefly, though, to add enough
filtered water to wet all the paper and add ¼ tsp. grain alcohol to
sterilize or preserve it.
Place the virus specimen on the other plate and test as usual
(like Lesson Six). A positive result means the person has active
Herpes.
The main disadvantage of saliva testing is that you do not
know which tissue has the pathogen or the toxin. You can only
conclude that it is present. Usually this is enough information to
carry out a corrective program.
Surrogate Testing
Although saliva testing is so easy, it is also possible to use an
adult as a surrogate when testing a baby or pet. The pet or baby
is held on the lap of the surrogate. A large pet may sit in front of
the person. The handhold  is held by the surrogate and pressed
firmly against the body of the baby or pet. It can be laid flat
against the arm, body or leg of a baby and held in place firmly by
the whole hand of the adult. The paper covering should be wet.
For a pet, the end is held firmly pressed against the skin, such as
between the front legs or on the belly. The other hand of the adult
is used for testing in the usual way. TheBIOELECTRONICS
489adult must wear an inductor  for surrogate testing as well as you,
tester.
An ill or bedridden person may be tested without inconven-
ience or stress. He or she rests their whole hand on the skin of
your leg, just above the knee. A wet piece of paper towel, about
4 inches by 4 inches is placed on your leg, to make better con tact.
You must use an inductor  for yourself with this method. You may
now proceed to probe  on your hand instead of the ill person's.
Lesson Ten
Purpose:  To test for cancer.
Materials:  Ortho-phospho-tyrosine. Here are four ways to
obtain some:
1.Order a pure sample from a chemical company (see
Sources ). Place a few milligrams (it need not be weighed)
in a small glass bottle, add 2 tsp. filtered water and ¼ tsp.
grain alcohol.
2.All persons with cancer have ortho-phospho-tyrosine in
their urine as well as in the cancerous tissue. It is seldom
found in other body fluids. Obtain a urine specimen  from a
friend who has active cancer. Freeze it if you can't pre pare
it immediately. Keep such specimens well marked in an
additional sealed plastic bag. Persons who have re cently
been treated clinically for cancer are much less likely to
have ortho-phospho-tyrosine in the urine.
Urine cannot be considered a chemical in the same way as
a sugar or salt solution. Urine is a tissue  and has its own
resonant frequency as do our other tissues. If combined
with another tissue on the test plates, it will not resonate  as
if a solution of pure ortho-phospho-tyrosine were used. To
use urine as an ortho-phospho-tyrosine specimen, you must:THE CURE FOR ALL DISEASES
490a)Pour a few drops of urine into your specimen bottle
b)Add about 2 tsp. of filtered water
c)Add a few drops of grain alcohol
Gently mi x, do not shake. Rinse and dry the outside of the
bottle. Label it “urine/cancer”.
3. Cancer victims also have other growth factors being pro-
duced in their bodies. These are the same as can be found
in mother's milk —for example, epidermal growth factor
and insulin -like growth factor. Obtain a sample of mother's
milk and use it to make another test substance for cancer. A
few drops is enough.
4. There is still another way to prepare an ortho-phospho-
tyrosine test sample. Common snails from a fish tank or
outdoor snails are the natural hosts for Fasciolopsis buskii
(human intestinal fluke) stages. The stages will produce
ortho-phospho-tyrosine when the snails are fed fish food
polluted with propyl alcohol. Over half the fish  food cans I
purchased had propyl alcohol pollution. Buy several
brands of fish food. Test them for propyl alcohol and ben-
zene. Obtain some snails, put them in a tank, feed them
propyl alcohol polluted fish food. (Feed a separate group
of snails benzene polluted fish food to obtain samples of
HIV.) After two days put each snail in a zipped plastic bag,
and test them  individually  against  someone  diagnosed with
cancer or their saliva. The snails that the per son te sts
positive to have ortho-phospho-tyrosine. Put these snails in
the freezer to kill them humanely, then crush them and place
in a specimen bottle with 50% grain alcohol to preserve.
The bottles can be kept sealed and at room temperature.
Similarly, your benzene snails can be tested against some-
one known to be HIV  positive. Any snails that test posi tive
can be used to prepare an HIV test specimen in the same
way. The fish food must be tested for both benzeneBIOELECTRONICS
491and propyl alcohol pollution, and separated appropriately,
or you run the risk of making specimens that have


 idea to act out their
new roles mentally. They wanted me to clarify what I meant.
“Whenever you feel yourself having a reaction of judgment, rejection, or
resistance, imagine the opposite,” I said. “Instead of seeing an adversary,
view your partne r as totally on your side. Don’ t focus on what he or she has
done to irritate you; reframe it as an act of pure love, brought into being to
teach you the perfect lesson you need to learn at just that moment. This isn’ t
a mind game or a trick: at the level of spirit your beloved acts only from
love, holding your highest good at heart.”
“Intriguing notion,” Frank said guardedly. Della bit her lip, considering
the possibility that there might really be a way out.
“Resistance is like a wall holding back the flow of love,” I said. “Love is
the wave that brings forgiveness, kindness, and trust from the level of spirit.
You can’t create these things. You can only tune in to them, which is why
you need to remake your daily battles into opportunities for spirit. Every
sliver of time opens onto the timeless. Can you allow yourself to slip
through?
“First and foremost, this is about seeing each other in a new light. I’m not
asking you to be at each other ’s beck and call, or to give up your own
needs. Needs don’t just go away. On the other hand, projectio ns of blame
should go away; there isn’t any reason, except in your perception, to make
each other feel wrong.”
“Sounds good, but what do we do?” asked Della.
“You stop feeding the monster,” I said. “This inner being who keeps
screaming, ‘What about me?’ is a kind of monster, a distorted outgrowth ofyour ego.” I had the couple shut their eyes and imagine this monster in
detail. It was ugly, covered with reptilian scales, and hard as a stone; it had
a horn on its back, which I called the bone of contention. It wore a
permanent expre ssion of contempt, and the only word it had managed to
learn was “No!” uttered in a loud, menacing voice.
“The name of this beast is resistance,” I said. “Now think of a recent
situation where you absolutely didn’ t want to go along with your spouse’ s
will. See this monster coming forward to defend you by putting up a wall of
denial, a thousa nd reasons why you are right and your partner wrong, a
ferocious displa y of withering disapproval. How do you feel when that
happens?”
“Hard. Angry. Furious,” Frank said.
“Insecure. Empty. Alone,” said Della.
I pointed out that both were layers of the same response. On the surface
the monster of resistance expre sses anger and hardness, but this is only to
protect the insecurity and loneliness lurking underneath. If you peel away
the layers, you find that resistance is actually born of fear, and fear comes
from having been deeply hurt in the past.
“Now ask your monster to unzip  its frightening costume and reveal itself
as it really is. What do you see?” I asked. Frank said nothi ng, shifting
uneasily in his chair. After a moment Della answered. “I see a little girl. She
hasn’ t got any clothes on; she looks scared.”
“Is she saying anything to you?” I asked.
“I’m not sure,” Della faltered.
“Is she holding her arms in any special way?” I prompted.
“She’ s holding them out to me. She wants to be picked up,” Della said
softly, her emotion rising.
“She wants you to love her, doesn’ t she?” I asked. Della nodded.
I turned to Frank. “What about you?”
He hesit ated before saying in a husky voice, “I basically see the same
thing, but it’ s harder for me to talk about it.”
I asked them to open their eyes. “Once you get past the fearsome exterior,
all inner  monsters are weak, frightened, and alone. You long ago rejected
this part of yourself, therefore it appears to you as a child of your own
making that wants to be back with you. Now ask yourself, why did it turn
into a monster?”“A good of fense is the best defense,” Frank said.
“Exactly. If you feel weak and frightened, the last thing you want is for
someone else to see you that way. So you put on a mask. In this case the
mask is a word— no—that disguises how very much you want to be loved
and understood. In disguised form this no is saying, ‘Love me.’ Which is
why you both resist each other so ferociously, I think. You aim your offense
against the person you really hope will love you.”
They were both very quiet by now. The exercise with the inner monster
had show n Della and Frank a lot more than they had bargained for. “I don’t
want you to make peace here and now,” I said. “This isn’t about wiping
years of grievances off the boards with one sweep. But I’d like you to think
back to the time before this all started. You are in love, excited to be with
each other. The only thing you can think about is the next time you’ll be
together. Keep yourself in that space and tell me, did you experience
resistance back then?”
They shook their heads, neither saying a word.
“Can each of you give me an example of an action that proved to you that
the other loved you?” I asked.
Della volunteered first. “We weren’ t engaged yet, and Frank had taken a
long flight home from Europe. He had bought the tickets before meeting
me, and by the time of his departure he didn’ t really want to go. But the
tickets cost a lot of money, and he left. We couldn’ t wait to get back
together, and the instant he got off the plane in New York, I was bubbling
over with things I wanted to do—go to the theater, eat at ‘our’ restaurant,
things I’d stored up for his return.
“It didn’t even occur to me that he was exhausted because he looked so
happy to see me again. So we got in a cab and went straight to a matinee I’d
really been dying to see. Halfw ay through, holding his hand in the dark, I
heard a raspy, buzzing noise—h e was snoring, totally passed out in his seat.
And I realized that he’d come out for me, not caring how exhausted he was,
not caring about anything else.”
“And what did you do?” I asked.
“The instant I could, I dragged him back to our hotel,” Della said,
smiling. “He fell on the bed with his clothes on and slept for ten hours
straight.”“What you’ve just described is surrender,” I said. “Frank set aside his
immediate needs because he wanted you to have your desire come true.”
“But Della did the same for me when she dragged me back to our hotel,”
Frank pointed out. “She had been waiting to see that show for months, and
the tickets were a lot more expensive than she could af ford.”
“How did it feel to do those things? Were you put out? Did you hold it
against the other person?” I asked. They both shook their heads. “As
insignificant as this incident might sound to an outsider,” I said, “you were
bringing a message to each other that said, ‘You are not alone.’ These are
words from spirit. As long as the impulse of love is there, you’ll want to
deliver the message. It W as there then, and I don’ t think it’ s gone away.”
“No,” Frank said. “But things change.”
“Certainly. Bein g married is very different from courtship,” I agreed.
“Yet memory has reminded you of some important things here, primarily
that giving in to someone you love isn’t a defeat. It’s a joy, bringing much
more to you than you are ever asked to give up.”
The atmosphere in the room was no longer charged. Della and Frank had
thoughtful looks in their eyes when they left. They promised to reflect on
our talk and get back to me when their calendars weren’ t so jammed.
Lawyers. But all of us sensed that the necessary breakthrough had been
made.
OceanofPDF.com5
IS ATTACHMENT REALLY LOVE?
THE PATH TO love doesn’ t end with surrend er, although in a way there is
nothing more to do. The process  of letting go is all that spirit needs in order
to enter your life. The rest is a ripening of the union between self and Self.
There is, howev er, still the enorm ous issue of how two people can surrender
to each other completely. No matter how much love you begin to feel
within, you must still reflect it to your beloved. Two spiritual people living
together don’t automatically make a spiritual relationship. Therefore we
want to ask in practical terms how love increases between two souls. The
ego is not easily defeated in its preoccupation with everything but love.
Surrender is not achieved until you surr ender completely to your beloved. T o accomplish this you
must r elinquish everything that deprives you of love and nurtur e everything that comes fr om
love.
One way


 happened.” She has an
unshakable nostalgia for the past; it is the ip side of her refusal to
open herself to the present. She says that her only wish is to return
to the way she was three years ago, before the unfort unate love
aair. That period has become xed in her mind as a rapturous
ideal:
“I felt centered and relaxed then. I was condent, and I had a
purpose. I felt integrated: I had a relationship, I had money, I had
peace of mind. I felt good about what I did and was able to feel
humble about it. I felt I was on a nice road to growth. I felt like a
part of the universe, like I really wanted to be here. People looked
up to me, and I was able to make them feel good.”
Karin has split time into then and now, the good and the bad,
with no gray in between. It is no wonder that her situati on ties her
in knots, because it cannot be resolved as she has set it up. On one
hand she has this need to make sure that the split in her life
continues (in order to preserve the myth of the perfect past she left
behind), while  on the other she longs to feel real again, which
would mean jumping back into the ow of things. For the time
being, clinging to her black-and-white view of the world feels like
the only safe course.
Don’t Tell Me I’m Not CrazyKarin is surely  real; she has just had the misfortune to nd herself
moving from one level of reality to another, like an infant who one
day realizes that crawling, which he has thoroughly mastered, is
starting to give way to the uncertain prospect of learnin g to walk.
Babies make this transition instinctively, and their parents guide
them over the rough spots with encouraging attention. But when an
adult psyche begins to test the possibility of a completely new
perspective, the transition period is fraught with diculty.
There are no guidelines for “normal” experiences of a higher Self.
The image we have of saints  suddenly pierced by a shaft of divine
light is far too simple; even the greatest spiritual attainments take
place within the limits of daily mental life, with its doubts, fears,
hopes, and denials. What people need is the same encouraging
attention that parents give to a wobbly toddler. Sadly, our society is
bereft in this area, and each of us has to row alone to the foreign
shore that is beckoning us across the waters.
But what is even more disturbing is that the growing pains of self-
awareness might get mistaken for the goal. Karin was making this
mistake, and her self-doubt echoes a culture that feels profoundly
suspicious of spiritual exper iences. I am not just referr ing to the
accusations of insanity that surround anyone who breaks out of the
normal ways of thinking, seeing, and behaving—that problem exists
in all cultures, unfortunately. The deeper worry is that our society is
so fearful of the Self that we equate it with death and dissolution.
When Freud was confronted  with the fact that every psyche has a
hidden longing for unboundedness, he coined the phrase “death
wish” or “Nirvana instinct”—the two were more or less the same in
his eyes.
Nirvana is not death, however. It is a Sanskrit word for Being, the
primary state of the Self. By and large, psychiatry still ignores this
clarication, and the fear persists that total self-awareness is a kind
of annihilation. Irvin Yalom describes the moment when he had
brought one of his neurotic patients, after much struggle, to the
stage where he began to open up to self-awareness:It is the time when one stands before the abyss and decides
how to face the pitiless existential facts of life: death,
isolation, groundlessness, and meaninglessness. Of course,
there are no solutions. One has a choice only of certain
stances: to be “resolute,” or “engaged,” or courageously
deant, or stoically accepting, or to relinquish rationa lity
and, in awe and mystery, place one’s trust in the provide nce
of the Divine.
To think that this is the long sought-for goal of therapy! It would
be kinder to believe that the patient had not yet begun. In fairness, I
should explain  that Yalom is an “existential” therapist, meaning that
his cornerston e belief is unbelief: life has no intrinsic meaning or
purpose other than the one created (through an arbitrar ily chosen
“stance”) by each person.
Many, perhaps most, psychiatrists might agree that life’s
dilemmas have no solution, only they would not preface their
opinion with the words “of course.” Outside the therapist’s oce,
lay people echo the same pessimistic world view, if not in so many
words, then in their endless search for pleasure and escape from
pain. Karin grew up with no better version of reality, so she resists
her “high awareness,” turns her back on insight, and longs to watch
TV with a beer on Saturday  night—anything but to see what she
actually sees and feel what she actually feels.
When I tried to put her experiences in a good light, Karin turned
on me. “This standing outside myself all the time isn’t natural.
People tell me that I’m functioning well, so what’s the problem? I
know I’m still functioning well, but I’m afraid. I have times when I
look at a calendar and think, ‘How can there be dates? What is
time?’ The experience is too much. Am I insane? Luckily, someone
told me that you can’t go crazy after a certain age.…”
I respo nded with the strongest assurances I had yet given her,
“You’re not crazy. At all. You’re having experiences that you can’t
handle. They’re coming too fast. But they’re all right. What’s
happening to you isn’t completely healthy, because it causes youpanic, anxiety, and so on. Yet there is an element of witnessing here.
Do you know what I’m saying?”
“Um. If you remember that obsessive-compulsive doctor,” Karin
rejoined, “he saw everyone as obsessive-compulsive except himself.
When I’m with you, I like talking to you, and I can see that you’re
used to conversing with minds far above mine, but you’re  trained to
look for this witnessing. Maybe you see my symptoms as opening up
a new avenue, but I see them as neurotic.”
I imme diately backed o, waiting for things to happen naturally
and at their own pace. But I couldn’t help feeling sad that Karin is so
conditioned to see herself as “sick” rather than normal or even
gifted. She tosses around a good deal of unattering psychological
jargon to describe herself. At one point I was going to say, “I think
you’re really on to something.” As soon as I said the words “I think
you’re,” she jumped in with “an acute schizophrenic?” Finding a
satisfactory label is very important to her.
At various times in our rst talk, which lasted less than an hour,
she also referred to herself as obsessive, neurotic, depressed,
anxious, insecu re, hyper, and crazy. Actually, her deep worry that
she might be insane is one of the surest signs that she is not. She
describes her symptoms with clarity and insight. She does not
hallucinate or have delusion al thoughts. I could even get her to
admit, grudgingly, that she sometimes feels pleasantly detached
from her symptoms and can see through them. This admission came
out when we talked about the ten doctors she had seen before me.
“Ten specialist s each gave you ten dierent diagnoses, and each one
happened to be the diagnosis that he specializes in,” I said. “So what
does that tell you?”
“That that is how they view it,” she replied evasively.
“But what does that tell you about what you have?” I insisted.
“Well, it might tell me that they have seen these symptoms
before,” she said. “Maybe my need to go to ten dierent doctors is
obsessive. I could have all ten of those things or none of them.”
“Which is it, do you think?”
“Probably a combination, if that makes any sense. Obviously I
have anxiety, I have depression—I have what they term‘derealization.’ On the other hand, sitting here now, I question
whether I have any of that.”
If Karin had not made this last comment, I would concede that the
chances of turning her interpretation around would be remote—we
are lucky that she is not totally sold out to the idea of being sick.
She is intelligent enough to pick out the weak points in even the
best doctors. “I told one therapist that when I was two I had a pet
ghost,” she said. “It was my imaginary friend. This psychi atrist said,
‘Well, no doubt that was your longing for a penis.’ Now, at two
years old, who cares if it was or it wasn’t? I felt normal three years
ago, and I feel terrible now.”
“


. Those are the moments, not just
in our personal relationships but in our professional ones as well, that can
mess up even the greatest business plans and avenues to success.
The benefits of meditation go beyond de-stressing the mind; meditation
actually expands  the mind. It gives us insight and illumination. It builds
wisdom and compassion. It goes a long way toward making us the people
we wish to be.
Below is a prayer, followed by multiple statements that provide a
meditative approach to money and career. Read each statement slowly,
picturing the images it evokes, exploring the idea or scene, and inwardly
asking for further illuminatio n. You may make it through only one
paragraph, whic h is fine. What matte rs is that we daily do whatever we can
to realign our thoughts with the Mind of God.
Do the following meditation gently and without stress. Sit quietly in a
comfortable position, close your eyes, and feel yourself in the presence of
the holy. Open with a prayer, such as the following:

Dear God,
I give this time of quiet to Y ou.
Please dissolve my thoughts of str ess and fear
And deliver me to the inner place
Wher e all is peace and love.
Amen.

Then, keeping your eyes closed, allow your mind to gently switch gears.
When you feel you’re ready, look honestly over the landscape of your
material life. With the power of your imagination, pour a holy light over
everything you see. Ask to be shown all you need to see and know, and your
spirit will guide you.
When looking at the subject of your work and finances, view them from
the perspective of your spirit. Recognize your work as your ministry, andsee ways that you could make it more so.
See what or whom you’ve allowed to go unnoticed, untended to,
unappreciated, or undervalued.
Salute spiritually those you work with now, have worked with before, or
might work with in the future.
Dedicate your work to holy purposes. See how the images change when
you do.
Humbly confess  and atone for any errors or financial irrespons ibilities in
your past. Ask forgiveness for any wrong-minded thinking, and pray for a
miracle.
Notice any places where you are defended against wealth—where you feel
it wrong or judge those who have it—and allow this wall of mistaken
thought to crumble.
Now envision yourself as a person of wealth, expanding into the energy of
abundance. See yourself gladly assuming the responsibilities that come with
it. Commit within your heart that you will use whatever wealth comes into
your life as spirit directs, as a means of blessing and never of harm.
See yourself in control of vast amounts of money, if vast amounts of
money are what  you truly desire. See this money as an exchange of energy
through which you bless the world.
For being, and having, are ultimately the same thing. Know that whatever
you can be, you can have.
See yourself transforming into someone whose internal abundance aligns
with a magnificent external abundance. Allow yourself to inhabit this space
energetically, and hold the vision for a minimum of five minutes a day.
Allow yourself to feel the subtle changes in thought, energy, feeling,
behavior, and desire that naturally result from this.
Give thanks and praise God.
Amen.
OceanofPDF.comChapter 14
Prayer
In the words of A Cours e in Miracles,  “Prayer  is the medium of miracles. It
is a means of communication of the created with the Creator.”
Prayer is a conscious request that our thoughts be shifted by a power
greater than our own. This shift from ego thinking to spirit thinking is the
miracle.
A serious prayer life is a mental orientation—an attunement to God
throughout the day. Prayer directs the mind to hear the voice for God over
the voice of the ego, to notice the illumined thoughts and ideas that emer ge
naturally from the deeper regions of our consciousness.
With prayer, we’re asking what we can learn, what insight God would
have us receive, what wisdom He would place within us. The universe is
like a house wired for electricity, but too often we’re like unplu gged lamps.
Prayer is the way we plug in to the divine, aligning our thinki ng with the
love that infuses all things.

The universe is like a house wir ed for  electricity, but too
often we’r e like unplugged lamps. Prayer  is the way we
plug in to the divine, aligning our  thinking with the love
that infuses all things.

Prayer expands our consciousne ss, thus expanding the set of possibilities
that we experience. As we saw in an earlier chapter, when our attitude is
negative, few opportunities arise. This is not because opportu nities don’texist, but because our negative attitude and energy blind us to them. You
might be sitting at lunch one day next to a woman who could provide you
with a wonderfu l work opportunity, but because you’re going on and on
about how rough things are and how tough it’s been for you, it doesn’ t
occur to her to engage you in a conversation about profession ally moving
forward with her. For one thing, you’ve showed her how effective you are
—or aren’ t—at  handling problems in your life. Your energy deflected
whatever miracle might have occurred.
If you had awakened that day affirming, “This is the day that the Lord has
made”—a day of infinite possibilities because God is a God of infinite
possibility, a day when the universe is reaching out its arms to provide you
with every opportunity for joy—you would have been wired differently at
lunch. That woman would have been blown away.
Your energy, your attitude, your positivity, your words, your ability to
listen to others and truly dwell in the present—all those things make you a
person others want to be with, want to work with, want to share ideas with.
That ener gy is the spiritual basis of wealth creation.
I once knew an actress who was looking for work. She was constantly
invited to parties, yet consistentl y turned down the invitations, saying, “You
don’t get work by going to parties.” Boy, how wrong she was! You never
know whom you’re going to meet where, or what form an opportunity is
going to take. The miracle-worker doesn’ t just show up for auditions; the
miracle-worker shows up for life. And life reciprocates.

PRAYER RIGHTS THE universe around you because it rights your mind:

Dear God,
I surr ender to Y ou my work and my desir e for work.
I surr ender to Y ou my fear, I surr ender to Y ou my money, and I surr ender
to You my debts.
I surr ender to Y ou my sense of failur e and I surr ender to Y ou my shame.
I surr ender to Y ou my dr eams and my visions and my hopes.
Amen.
 That which we place in the hands of God is turned into right-minded
thinking. The altar to God is within our mind, and that which is placed on
the altar is then altered.
There is no magic formula for how to pray; no one is monitorin g whether
or not you “get it right.” Simply pray from your heart, with sentiments such
as “Dear God, lift all these things into Your hands.” Asking that something
be “lifted up to divine right order” means asking that it be lifted to the
highest thought forms possible. A lower thought form is something like,
“I’m a failure; I’m no good; I’ll never succeed.” A higher thought form is
more like, “I’m a child of God. I know that I have made mistakes, but I
atone for my errors. I’m willin g in all ways to be the person God would
have me be. I’m willing to be shown where I need to improve,  and I know
that God has a plan for me. I place myself in service to humanity, and I ask
God to use me to help heal the world.”
When we medit ate and pray, we align our mind with God’ s power. Our
nervous system  takes on a mantle of peace; our anxious thoughts are
replaced by peaceful ones. Our dull thinking becomes radiant and brilliant.
And this corrective does not apply just to money or employment; it applies
to everything.
Every single moment, every single holy instant, the universe is ready to
begin again. The only time that God’ s time intersects with linear time is in
the present mom ent; miracles happen not in the past or future, but now.
Every single moment, God is pouring forth His love for you, with endless
opportunities for renewal and rebirth. Every single moment, God is saying,
“Here is the glory of the univers e. Do you want it? Show up for it, because
it’s yours.”
So we say unto all eternity, moment after moment after moment:

Our Father, Who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name.

God, who dwells in the realm of Truth, may your Word be all-powerful in
my mind.

Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.
 May the world I live in here on earth reflect the reality of love. May I
think Your thoughts, and make manifest Your thoughts.

Give us this day our daily br ead; and for give us our


 Journal of
Medicine
. 342: 1392–98.Index
A
acid to placid,
1
agave nectar,
1
alkaline PH,
1
allicin,
1
almonds,
1
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA),
1
angiogenesis,
1
aniseed,
1
anti-oxidants,
1
,
2
apples,
1
apoptosis,
1
arthritis,
1
asparagus,
1atherosclerosis, 1
aubergines,
1
avocado,
1
Avocado Stuffed with Seafood,
1
Avocado with Peanut and Romaine Lettuce,
1
Fruited Rice Salad on Avocado Halves,
1
Grapefruit and Avocado Salad,
1B
bananas,
1
,
2
,
3
basil,
1
bay leaves,
1
beans,
1
Bean Cakes,
1
black-eyed,
1
kidney,
1
mung,
1
pinto,
1
Spicy Rice and Beans,
1
berries,
1
blueberries,
1
cranberries,
1
raspberries,
1
strawberries,
1
,
2
beta-carotene,
1
,
2
,
3
beta-cryptoxathin,
1
black peppercorns,
1
bok choy,
1
boron,
1
,
2
broccoli,
1bromelain, 1
Brussels sprouts,
1
bulghur,
1
butternut squash,
1C
cabbage,
1
cardamom,
1
carrots,
1
capsaicin,
1
catechin,
1
cauliflower,
1
celery,
1
chicken
Chicken Fruit Salad,
1
Chicken Kadai,
1
Chicken Soba Soup with Spinach,
1
Chicken in Spicy Tomato and Herb Sauce,
1
Chicken Tagine with Honey and Apricots,
1
Cream Soup,
1
Melon Soup,
1
Peri-Peri Chicken and Prawn Mango Salad,
1
Shorba,
1
Thai Chicken Fruit Salad,
1
chickpeas,
1
chilli,
1
chilone,
1chives, 1
cholesterol,
1
chromium,
1
cinnamon,
1
citrus,
1
clementines,
1
cloves,
1
coconut,
1
coriander,
1
,
2
corn,
1
courgettes,
1
couscous
Couscous with Dates, Raisins and Almonds,
1
Saffron, Courgettes, Peppers and Herb
Couscous,
1
Summer Couscous,
1
cucumber,
1
cumin,
1
,
2
curry leaves,
1D
dark chocolate,
1
,
2
Dates, Raisin and Almond Couscous,
1
desserts,
1
Baked Bananas,
1
Coconut Candy,
1
Creamy Dark Chocolate and Almond Mousse,
1
Fruit Salad,
1
Green Tea Poached Pears,
1
Mango and Banana Sundae,
1
Pear in Red Wine,
1
Spiced Dried Fruit Compote,
1
Spiced Oranges,
1
Watermelon with Fennel Seeds,
1
disgenin,
1
dips
Red Pepper Dip,
1
Salsa Dip,
1
Yellow Split Pea Dip,
1
dressings
see
 salad dressingsE
ellagic acid,
1
epigallocatechin gallatte (EGCG),
1F
fennel seeds,
1
fenugreek,
1
ferulic acid,
1
,
2
fibre,
1
fish,
1
Baked Curried Fish,
1
Bengali Fish,
1
Fish with Herbs in Tomato Sauce,
1
Fish Soup,
1
Fish Soup with Orzo,
1
Halibut with Mediterranean Salsa,
1
Spiced Salmon on Lentils,
1
Spicy Mackerel,
1
Spicy Salmon Fillets in Tomato and Garlic
Sauce,
1
Thai Tuna Fruit Salad,
1
Wasabi Salmon Burgers,
1
flavonoids,
1
,
2
,
3
folate,
1
,
2
,
3
folic acid,
1
,
2
flaxseed,
1free radicals, 1, 2
fructans,
1G
garam masala,
1
garlic,
1
ginger,
1
gingerol,
1
glutamine,
1
glucosinolates,
1
glycemic index (GI),
1
goji berries,
1
grapefruits,
1
green peas,
1
green tea,
1H
hazelnuts,
1
HDL cholesterol,
1
,
2
homocysteine,
1
,
2
,
3I
isoflavones,
1
,
2
isothiocyanates,
1
,
2
indoles,
1
,
2
Indonesian Rice Salad,
1J
juices
Green Gunge,
1
Green Mamba,
1
Heart Smart,
1
It’s Good for You,
1
Mooty for Mucous,
1
Super C for Energy,
1
Sweet Flush,
1
The Lion Sleeps Tonight,
1K
kale,
1
kiwi,
1L
lamb
Lamb with Potatoes,
1
Mediterranean Rice and Beans,
1
lauric acid,
1
LDL cholesterol,
1
,
2
lecithin,
1
leeks,
1
lemons,
1
lentils,
1
Curried Lentils with Sweet Potatoes and
Spinach,
1
Lentil and Courgette Soup,
1
Spiced Salmon on Lentils,
1
lignans,
1
,
2
limes,
1
limonene,
1
lipoprotein,
1
lutein,
1
lycopene,
1
,
2M
magnesium,
1
,
2
manganese,
1
manuka honey,
1
Mediterranean diet,
1
mint,
1
miso,
1
monounsaturated fat,
1
mushrooms,
1
mustard seeds,
1N
nutmeg,
1O
oranges,
1
Spiced Oranges,
1
olives,
1
oleic acid,
1
,
2
omega-3 acids,
1
oleuropein,
1
onions,
1
oncogene,
1
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1
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1
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1
grapeseed,
1
olive,
1
palm,
1
sesame,
1P
paprika,
1
pears,
1
Green Tea Poached Pears,
1
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1
pectin,
1
peppers,
1
phosphorus,
1
phtalides,
1
phytochemicals,
1
pineapple,
1
polyacetylene,
1
polyphenols,
1
polyunsaturated fat,
1
pomegranate,
1
potassium,
1
,
2
,
3
proanthocyanidins,
1
processed foods,
1Q
quinoa,
1R
raisins,
1
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1
red wine,
1
resveratrol,
1
rice
Asian Twisted Rice Salad,
1
Fruited Rice Salad on Avocado Halves,
1
Ginger Fried Rice,
1
Indonesian Rice Salad,
1
Mediterranean Rice and Beans,
1
Peanut Sauce with King Prawns and Fragrant
Rice,
1
Portuguese Rice and Sausage,
1S
saffron,
1
salad dressings,
1
Asian Dressing,
1
Greek Dressing,
1
Healthy Dressing,
1
Indian Style Dressing,
1
Lemon Mint Dressing,
1
Sicilian Dressing,
1
salads
African Fruit Salad,
1
Apple and Spinach Salad,
1
Arabic Salad,
1
Asian Twisted Rice Salad,
1
Cucumber Salad,
1
Fruited Rice Salad on Avocado Halves,
1
Grapefruit and Avocado Salad,


 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR)
W e have  seen clearly how the e f fects of breathing light can im prove blood
flow and oxygenation, and may even be able to help prevent heart attacks in
those w ho breathe excess volumes of air. Overbreathing can cause
numerous health  concerns, but there is a more disturbing risk  associated
with this condition that could literally make the dif ference betw een life and
death.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed during cardiac arrest
to help preserve  normal brain fu nction until further measures can be taken
to re store blood circulation and breathing. W e know that hyperventilationcauses reduced blood flow and reduced oxygenation of the heart, but
studies h ave also revealed that e xcessive ventilation during CPR is actually
detrimental to survival.
Researchers inv estigated instanc es where CPR resulted in deat h due to
excessive venti lation applied by well-trained but overzeal ous rescue
personnel. Despite adequate training, these professionals hyperventilated
their patients while attempting resuscitation through higher than necessary
breathing rates. It is thought that the high airway pressure resulting from
administering more air into the patient than necessary had a detrimental—
and ultim ately f atal—ef fect on patients’ blood flow. One study concluded
with the following warning: “Additional education of CPR providers is
ur gently needed  to reduce these  newly identified and deadly co nsequences
of hyperventilation during CPR.”
Reviewing the findings above,  it is shocking to think that the very
procedure designed to help save lives might in fact be having the opposite
ef fect. I t is even more shocking when we consider that the relationship
between breathing volume and blood flow to the heart was first documented
over a century a go. Thankfully, since 2007 there has been a m onumental
change in CPR procedures involving manual ventilation. Increasingly, the
emphasis during CPR is now on  chest compressions to maintain circulation,
rather than manual ventilation.
Over the  years, I have witnessed many young athletes at all l evels of
fitness b reathing too intensely for their given level of exerc ise. In this
chapter, I have attempted to j oin the dots between excessive breathing
volume, reduced oxygenation of the heart, and resultant ECG abnormalities,
heart att acks, and chronic heart disease. It is only logical to su rmise that a
poorly o xygenated heart is less able to cope with the demands of intense
physical exercise. Y et every month I see reports of children, teenagers, and
young a dults w ho were in the prime of life dying from undetected heart
conditions. Upo n hearing the ne ws I often wonder: Could this tragedy have
been av oided if the victim had been encouraged to breathe normally and
through the nose? The breathing volume of athletes and nonathl etes alike is
crying o ut for attention, and greater awareness would be wort h all of the
ef fort, if even just one young life were saved.CHAPTER 12
E l i m i n a t e  E x e r c i s e - I n d u c e d  A s t h m a
I n childhood, treatments for fort y-three-year -old Julian’ s asthma included
cough medicine, trips to the coast for the benefits of sea air, and inhaling
steam from a boiling kettle. On some nights, Julian remembers his
wheezing being so bad that he st ayed up most of the night with his head out
the w indow in an ef fort to breathe. Any individual who experien ced asthma
as a  child durin g the 1970s and  1980s can probably testify to the lengths
that similarly worried parents took to try to help their children to breathe.
By the late 198 0s Julian had been prescribed various relievers and
preventative me dications, in addition to regular trips to the hospital for
nebulizer treat ment. This never -ending cycle of medication and
hospitalizations continued for many years, and although Julian tried to keep
fit, he often found he was unab le to breathe, particularly during the small
hours of the night.
Fast-forward to 2006, and Julian was taking higher doses of asthma
medication while his fitness level gradually reduced, a totally u nproductive
cycle th at was beginning to s eriously af fect his health and well-being.
Julian’ s story is typical of any individual with moderate to severe asthma;
although physic al exercise can be very beneficial, many persons with
asthma simply tend to avoid it for fear of having an attack.
In early 2007, Julian attended one of my Dublin courses at which we
focused on breathing through the nose, breathing light, and practicing
breath h olds while walking. Julian took his last dose of reliever medication
the day after the course.
W ithin s ix mon ths, Julian’ s asthma had drastically improved,  and by
Christmas 2007,  he had his last dose of preventative medication. His fitnessalso improved and he was able to swim a mile per day, five times a week. In
2008, J ulian’ s GP agreed to reclassify his medical record as “asthma
resolved.”
Over the next three years, Julian’ s exercise plan evolved to include eight
hours of  high-in tensity indoor cycling, circuits, and stretching  classes per
week, as well as  the techniques of nasal and reduced-volume breathing he
learned from my course.
These changes, along with adj ustments to his eating habits, allowed
Julian to  improv e his performance and enjoy more ener gy and stamina at a
higher level of activity. At the age of forty in 2012, Julian ran five half-
marathons and covered over 750 training miles. He achieved a personal best
of 1 :46 i n his third half-maratho n; two weeks later he complete d the Berlin
full mar athon in 3:57. Following the Berlin Marathon, he ran  the Dublin
City Ma rathon in 4 hours. In six months, Julian had knocked over 8 minutes
of f his first half-marathon time.
In si x ye ars, Jul ian progressed from a chance encounter with one of my
books to attending my breathing  course, improving his fitness, completely
eliminating prescription medicine for his asthma, and running h alf and full
marathons in very respectable times!
The word asthma  derives from Greek and means “to pant.” While
asthma has been around for a very long time, it af fects more p eople today
than ever before. Exercise-indu ced asthma af fects an estimated 4 to 20
percent of the g eneral populati on and 11 to 50 percent of cer tain athlete
populations. Interestingly, one study showed that while 55 percent of
football athletes  and 50 perce nt of basketball players displayed airway
narrowing conducive to asthm a, athletes from the sport of water polo
showed significantly fewer asth ma symptoms. Later on in this section we
will investigate why this might be.
So, what causes asthma? The  most common theories include the
hygiene hypothesis, which rests on the premise that too much cleanliness
means children are not exposed to enough germs, resulting in diminished
immune capabilities later on in life. A second commonly cited explanation
is an increase in  pollution, but while this may well be a trigger, it is not
necessarily the cause. For instan ce, the west of Ireland, where I live, has a
high asthma rate but very good air quality.Might there be another factor that plays a significant role in causing
asthma—that of  habitually breathing too much? If this were true, then
surely reducing breathing volume could result in a reversal of th e condition.
By look ing at the causes and symptoms of asthma, and the p hysiological
changes resulting from the condition, we can begin to determi ne just how
important breathing exercises can be in treating asthma.
Since asthma is a condition cha racterized by dif ficulty in breathing, a
logical approac h would be to  attempt to find the root cause by first
addressing poor breathing habi ts. T ackling asthma from this angle is not
new and  was employed by the ancient Greek physician Ga len and the
sixteenth-century doctor Paracelsus, who recommended breath holding and
breathing exercises for the treatment of coughing and narrowed airways.
The prevalence of asthma increa ses relative to wealth. Increased wealth
leads to a chan ge in living standards: Food becomes more processed,
competitive stress increases, houses become more airtight, we perform less
physical exercise, and the majority of our jobs are sedentary.  Fifty years
ago, our living and working situations were quite dif ferent, and asthma rates
were sig nificantly lower. During  that time, we ate more natural foods, had
less competitive  stress, our ho uses were drafty, and most occupations
involved physical labor. B ack then, our lifestyle was conducive to a more
normal breathing volume, and, as a result, asthma was far less common.
As we have se en, normal breathing volume for a healthy adult is
generally agreed  to be 4 to 6 liters of air per minute, but adults with asthma
demonstrate a resting breathing volume of 10 to


Small, hungry children st ood with their faces against the glass to
watch us eat.‖ Their sympathies immediately outweighed their own hunger. Nita and her father took
what remained of their food and, ―gave it to the children.‖
The Cunnard Lines ship for which they had purchased the ir expensive tickets had left before the
Revicis were able to arrive. Dr. Revici and his family were, of course, furious and upset with the terrible
turn of events. Unknown to them at the time, missing the ship turned out to be another example of their
good luck. They learned later that the ship was sunk by a Nazi U -boat.
Fortunately, the tickets were honored by another ship departing a few days later. The
Portuguese -flagged Quanza then left for Casablanca, Morocco on the northern coast of Africa to pick
up some Spanish military leaders and government cabinet members of the defeated Spanish
Republic, who were fleeing from Francisco Franco‘s newly triumphant fascistic dictatorship. Despite
much screaming and crying by the would -be boarders, the ship‘s capta in strictly refused to allow
anyone to board unless that person had a proper visa, thereby separating husbands from wives and
parents from children.
That night, with the ship still moored in the harbor, small boats filled with those who were denied entry
earlier in the day approached the ship. The Spaniards on board threw ladders over the side of the ship
to the ones below. By daybreak the ship was filled to overflowing with those family members who had
been denied earlier passage.
The Portuguese captain  of the ship was greeted with a choice: take them all, or he would be put off
the ship. Realizing that his captors had among them Spanish Admirals who could easily take his place
behind the ship‘s wheel, the captain relented.
From the vantage point of th eir upper deck accommodations, the Revicis had an excellent view of the
entire Casablancan harbor. The waterway was heavily populated with German ships and U -Boats. Dr.
Revici once again took advantage of the situation and quietly took a series of pictures  of the entire
harbor with his camera.
Designed for perhaps 200 passengers, the crowded Portuguese ship now carried more than twice
that number. Since the fascist government of Germany had supplied Franco‘s army in its overthrow
of the Spanish Republican  government, the wary passengers suspected that the German  40
 war ships and U -boats might begin to look for their ship as well. To protect themselves as they followed
a zigzag pattern across the Atlan tic, no lights were allowed on the ship at night. Although the ship‘s
radio was kept on, they would not respond to any calls out of fear they might reveal their position to the
Germans. During the transoceanic journey numerous calls regarding the whereabou ts of their ship
were left unanswered. As a result of the various precautions taken, the five -day journey took more than
three weeks to complete.
Because of the severe overcrowding and the extended length of the trip, food and water were parceled.
Despite  the hardships, Dr. Revici reports that many of the passengers, glad to be alive, became ―like
brothers.‖ Mantzi struck up close friendships with the chief surgeon of the Spanish Republican army
along with other leading European physicians and scientists w ho were aboard. Although Dr. Revici no
longer recalls discussing his research with the other passengers, it seems unlikely that he would have
missed the opportunity.
As best as Nita can recall, the first long -awaited stop brought them to Havana, which was  then under
the protection of the British. After the British soldiers examined their passports, Dr. Revici handed over
the snapshots he had taken earlier of the German ships occupying the Casablancan harbor. The
Revicis didn‘t speak English, nor did the so ldiers speak French. The soldiers acted disinterested, but
two hours later the previous disinterest had been transformed into an invitation for him and his family
to live in London — so pleased were the Britons with the marine reconnaissance photographs. A fter all
the close calls and horrible events the Revicis had experienced in Europe, they were not nearly as
excited by the offer as their prospective hosts were, so they declined.
The Revicis did take the opportunity while the ship was docked in Havana to  wire the Merrys, who
were by then located in the U.S., and who had tried unsuccessfully to contact the Quanza ship while it
was at sea.
Besides having become the closest of friends with the Revici family, Gaston firmly believed in Revici‘s
talents and w anted to help him in whatever way possible. The DuPont Corporation had offered Merry a
position to act as the chief business representative for the entire South American operation for the
DuPont paint company. But once Merry knew Dr. Revici had successfull y escaped and would be
relocating in Mexico City, he turned down the offer and indicated that he wished to work near Dr. Revici.
DuPont complied with Gaston‘s wish and placed him in charge of their Central American operations.
Despite the fact that the pos ition was considered to be less prestigious than the South American
assignment, Gaston gladly accepted.
Not only did Gaston and Nenette move to Mexico City, they took an apartment adjoining the Revici
family. The two families knocked out the common wall between the two living quarters to create a
huge two -family apartment. Because the Revicis had little or no money at that time, and Nenette‘s
family was quite well -to-do, it is quite likely that t he Merrys might have also taken care of the Revici
family‘s monetary needs at first.   41
 Soon after, with the help of E. Stoopen, M.D., a physician of both French and Mexican heritage, Gaston
and Revi ci located a vacant hotel which they were able, with the assistance of Nenette‘s family money,
to convert into a hospital. Nita would later describe Dr. Stoopen as, ―probably the most darling man I‘ve
ever met in my life.‖ Dr. Stoopen then joined Dr. Revic i‘s research effort. Working alongside each other,
the two physicians would also co -author several scientific studies.
With the help of the Merrys‘ money, the Instituto de Biologia Aplicada (IBA) was opened. Several of the
highly qualified physicians whom  Revici had met on the ship in their joint escape from Nazi -controlled
Europe signed on almost immediately. ―In two weeks we had a quality staff that would normally take ten
years to bring together,‖ Revici told me in an early interview. The chief of surge ry for the Spanish
Republican Army was one of those who would join Revici.
With the excellent staff and an animal laboratory, as well as an inpatient hospital, Revici was able to
make important strides in the treatment of cancer and other conditions.
It was impossible to keep the positive results Revici achieved in cancer treatment a secret. Although
Revici made no attempt to publicize his work except through the foreign medical literature, by 1943
word of his work spread to the U.S. The first major figur e to contact him from there was a
Wilmington, Delaware banker named Thomas E. Brittingham, Jr., whose father was one of the
founders of the McArdle Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research at the University of Wisconsin.
Wilmington is also the corporate hea dquarters for DuPont, so it‘s quite likely that Gaston Merry or
one of his associates had spread the word there, which then reached Brittingham. Through
Brittingham, a number of top cancer physicians from across the U.S. would find their way to Revici‘s
facility.
Although Dr. Revici had not promoted his research to the lay public in any way, patients also began to
trickle in from various cancer centers in the U.S., particularly from those centers from where the visiting
doctors had originated. The source of patients indicates that the visiting American doctors themselves
probably spread the word among their own patients back home.
After three years of impressive successes with some of his cancer patients, the first attack on Revici‘s
method appeared in t he Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in 1945. A disparaging
letter, signed by some of the same doctors who had previously been impressed by Revici‘s work, was
printed with a headline warning other physicians to avoid sending patients to Re vici. Many more
attacks were to come later. More will be said about the work done at the IBA in Mexico and the
reactions of the U.S. medical establishment in Part IV of this book.
Before discussing those events it would be useful for the reader to have a  working understanding in
layman‘s terms of some of the many discoveries Revici has made. Those discoveries will be
discussed in Part II.   42
 Despite the initial salvo against Dr. Revici which appeare d in JAMA, the following year Revici was
invited to continue his research at the University of Chicago (UC) by Medical Department Chairman
George Dick at the behest of Gustave Freeman, M.D., who had been a professor at UC prior to the war.
Dr. Revici accep ted the invitation. Unfortunately, within a week or two of Revici‘s arrival, Dr. Dick retired.
Other parties at the university were not


Siegers, C.P.; von Hertzberg-Lettim, E.; Otte, M.; Schneider, B. Anthranoid laxative abuse - a risk for
colorectal cancer? Gut. 1993 Aug. 34(8) 1099-1101.

Westendorf; Marquardt; Poginsky; Dominiak; Schmidt. Genotoxicity of naturally occurring Hydroxyanthraquinones. Evaluation of mutagenicity and cell-transforming activity. Mutat. Res. 1990 Jan.
240(1). 1-12.

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F E B R U A R Y 1 9 9 9
A New Germ Theory
The dictates of evolution virtually demand that the causes of some of humanity's
chronic and most baffling "noninfectious" illnesses will turn out to be pathogens --
that is the radical view of a prominent evolutionary biologist
by Judith Hooper
ALATE-SEPTEMBER heat wave enveloped Amherst College, and young people milled about
in shorts or sleeveless summer frocks, or read books on the grass. Inside the red-brickbuildings framing the leafy quadrangle students listened to lectures on Ellison and Emerson,
on Paul Verlaine and the Holy Roman Empire. Few suspected that strains of the organism thatcauses cholera were growing nearby, in the Life Sciences Building. If they had known, they wouldprobably not have grasped the implications. But these particular strains of cholera make Paul Ewaldsmile; they are strong evidence that he is on the right track. Knowing the rules of evolutionarybiology, he believes, can change the course of infectious disease.
In a hallway of the Life Sciences Building an anonymous student has scrawled above a display of
glossy photographs and vitae of the faculty, "We are the water; you are but the sponge." This is thehome of Amherst's biology department, where Paul Ewald is a professor. He is also the author ofthe seminal book Evolution of Infectious Disease and of a long list of influential papers. Sandy-haired,
trim, and handsome in an all-American way, he looks considerably younger than his forty-fiveyears. Conspicuously outdoorsy for an academic, he would not seem out of place in an L. L. Beancatalogue, with a golden retriever by his side. Ewald rides his bike to the campus every day indecent weather -- and in weather one might not consider decent -- from the nearby hill village ofShutesbury, where he lives with his wife, Chris, and two teenage children in a restored eighteenth-century house.
As far as Ewald is concerned, Darwin's legacy is the most interesting thing on the planet. The
appeal of evolutionary theory is that it is a grand unifying principle, linking all organisms, fromprotozoa to Presidents, and yet its essence is simple and transparent. "Darwin only had a couple ofbasic tenets," Ewald observed recently in his office. "You have heritable variation, and you've gotdifferences in survival and reproduction among the variants. That's the beauty of it. It has to be true-- it's like arithmetic. And if there is life on other planets, natural selection has to be the fundamentalorganizing principle there, too."
These Darwinian laws have led Ewald to a new theory: that diseases we have long ascribed to
genetic or environmental factors -- including some forms of heart disease, cancer, and mental illness-- are in many cases actually caused by infections. Before we take up this theory, we need to spend amoment with Ewald's earlier work.
Ewald began in typical evolutionary terrain, studying hummingbirds and
other creatures visible to the naked eye. It was on a 1977 field trip to study aspecies called Harris's sparrow in Kansas that a bad case of diarrhea laid himup for a few days and changed the course of his career. The more hemeditated on how Darwinian principles might apply to the organismsresponsible for his distress -- asking himself, for instance, what impacttreating the diarrhea would have on the vast populations of bacteria evolvingwithin his intestine -- the more obsessed he became. Was his diarrhea astrategy used by the pathogen to spread itself, he wondered, or was it adefense employed by the host -- his body -- to flush out the invader? If he
curbed the diarrhea with medication, would he be benefiting the invader or
the host? Ewald's paper outlining his speculations about diarrhea was published in 1980, in theJournal of Theoretical Biology. By then Ewald was on his way to becoming the Darwin of the
microworld.
"Ironically," he says, "natural selection was first recognized as operating in large organisms, and
ignored in the very organisms in which it is especially powerful -- the microorganisms that causedisease. The time scale is so much shorter and the selective pressures so much more intense. You canget evolutionary change in disease organisms in months or weeks. In something like zebras you'dhave to wait many centuries to see it."
For decades medical science was dominated by the doctrine of "commensalism" -- the notion that
the pathogen-host relationship inevitably evolves toward peaceful coexistence, and the pathogenitself toward mildness, because it is in the germ's interest to keep its host alive. This soundsplausible, but it happens to be wrong. The Darwinian struggle of people and germs is notnecessarily so benign. Evolutionary change in germs can go either way, as parasitologists andpopulation geneticists have realized -- toward mildness or toward virulence. It was Ewald's insightto realize what we might do about it.
Manipulating the Enemy
SAY you're a disease organism -- a rhinovirus, perhaps, the cause of one of the many varieties ofthe common cold; or the mycobacterium that causes tuberculosis; or perhaps the pathogen thatimmobilized Ewald with diarrhea. Your best bet is to multiply inside your host as fast as you
can. However, if you produce too many copies of yourself, you'll risk killing or immobilizing yourhost before you can spread. If you're the average airborne respiratory virus, it's best if your host iswell enough to go to work and sneeze on people in the subway.
Now imagine that host mobility is unnecessary for transmission. If you're a germ that can travel
from person to person by way of a "vector," or carrier, such as a mosquito or a tsetse fly, you can
Paul Ewald
afford to become very harmful. This is why, Ewald argues, insect-borne diseases such as yellow
fever, malaria, and sleeping sickness get so ugly. Cholera uses another kind of vector fortransmission: it is generally waterborne, traveling easily by way of fecal matter shed into the watersupply. And it, too, is very ugly.
"Here's the [safety] hood where we handle the cholera," Jill Saunders explained as we toured the
basement lab in Amherst's Life Sciences Building where cholera strains are stored in industrialrefrigerators after their arrival from hospitals in Peru, Chile, and Guatemala. "We always weargloves." A medical-school-bound senior from the Boston suburbs, Saunders is one of Ewald's honorstudents. As she guided me around, pointing out centrifuges, -80 degree freezers, and doors withBIOHAZARD warnings, we passed a closet-sized room as hot and steamy as the tropical zoneswhere hemorrhagic fevers thrive. She said, "This is the incubation room, where we grow thecholera."
Cholera invaded Peru in 1991 and quickly spread throughout South and Central America, in the
process providing a ready-made experiment for Ewald. On the day of my tour Saunders hadpresented to the assembled biology department her honors project, "Geographical Variations in theVirulence of Vibrio cholerae in Latin America." The data compressed in her tables and bar graphs
were evidence for Ewald's central thesis: it is possible to influence a disease organism's evolution toyour advantage. Saunders used a standard assay, called ELISA, to measure the amount of toxinproduced by different strains of cholera, thus inferring the virulence of V. cholerae variants from
several Latin American regions. Then she and Ewald looked at figures for water quality -- whatpercentage of the population had potable water, for example -- and looked for correlations. Ifvirulent strains correlated with a contaminated water supply, and if, conversely, mild strains tookover where the water was clean, the implication would be that V. cholerae becomes increasingly mild
when it cannot use water as a vector. When the pathogen is denied easy access to new hosts throughfecal matter in the water system, its transmission depends on infected people moving into contactwith healthy ones. In this scenario the less-toxic variants would prevail, because these strains do notincapacitate or kill the host before they can be spread to others. If this turned out to be true, itwould constitute the kind of evidence that Ewald expected to find


 worth the
investment. Y ou may not think you are getting much for the amount you spend, but these oils are powerful,
and only a few small drops will do quite a bit.
The scent you breathe when you peel an orange or a smell a rose is the essence of the plant. When that
essence is removed, it becomes essential oil. Essential oils are highly aromatic substances found within certain
plants specialized cells or glands. Some plants have them, and some do not. They are highly concentrated
substances and only need to be used sparingly to get their therapeutic benefits. There are various extraction
methods in which essential oils are obtained depending on the plant, but all ultimately allow us to take the
wonderful aroma and benefit of the plant with us.
I hope to write at least a basic guide sometime in the near future on the use of essential oils that goes a little
more in depth on the use of these incredible substances. 14Copyright 2014 everydayroots.comEssential Oil Safety
Essential oils are incredibly potent plant extracts. It takes about 50 rose flowers to create a single drop of
rose oil! Because of this, I always recommend dilution before using them topically. Essential oils must be
diluted in a carrier oil, such as olive or grapeseed oil, and cannot be diluted in water-water and oil does not
mix.  Essential oils are attracted to lipids (fats) and if not mixed with carrier oil will sink straight into your skin,
and possibly cause irritation.
If you are uncertain about how you will react to an essential oil, you can conduct a patch test. Make a 2%
dilution of your essential oil in carrier oil (10-12 drops in 2 TBLS of carrier oil) and rub a 1 inch patch on the
inside of your arm just below the crook of your elbow. Let it sit for 24 hours. If you start to experience any
sort of irritation, rinse with water immediately, and apply some plain carrier oil to the spot. Note that pregnant
women, children, and the elderly should not go above a 1% dilution (5-6 drops in 2 TBLS of carrier oil.) The
exception to this (for children) is the earache blend, which is at a 5% dilution. Essential oils should never be
used directly on children under age 5.
Never keep undiluted essential oils in plastic containers, as they will eventually erode it. If you are using
plastic for diluted oils, try to use PET plastic, which is less prone to damage than regular plastic. There are
glass spray bottles-they are more environmentally friendly too!
Cleaning Sense
Ph., or the measure of how acidic or alkaline something is, plays a huge role in cleaning. It is measured on a
scale of 1-14, with anything under 7 being considered acidic, and anything above being considered alkaline.
Two common ingredients we use in cleaning are vinegar and baking soda; however they should not usually be
combined. Vinegar is an acid, baking soda is a base, and when mixed together they react and neutralize each
other. What is left over is mostly water. There are some exceptions when they are combined, such as drain
cleaning, where the bubbling and fizzing action is desired, in which case I do mix the two. Otherwise, you are
essentially rendering both useless. It’s hard to swallow when so many recipes call for them together (I made
the mistake many times in earlier days!) but I promise you will find more success if you leave them separate.
Now when you combine baking soda and soap, which is also alkaline, you get an AWESOME cleaner. And if
you have any little soap scum build up? Just use that acidic vinegar to rinse it all away.
Again, just because these products are more natural than most found in stores, doesn’t mean they don’t have
the ability to stain or discolor. Always test a small patch of the surface you plan on cleaning to make sure there
aren’t any problems.15Copyright 2014 everydayroots.comThe Double Boiler
Countless recipes here call for the use of a double boiler. If you don’t have one (I actually don’t) you can easily
make your own by placing a heat proof over a pot of water filled slightly less than halfway with water OR you
can use a glass measuring cup, such as a Pyrex, place in a pot of water. I find the latter useful when it comes
to pouring any sort of balm or salve into a small container.
That Sounds Scary
There are several recipes that have names that sound intimidating, unnatural, and downright obscure. Below
I’ve listed the ones that intimidated me before I knew what they were and explained a little bit about them-
remember, you can always choose to opt out of their use if you feel uneasy.
Citric Acid:  Citric acid is used in the bath fizzies, or bath bombs, recipe. It is what makes citrus fruits taste
sour-lemons, limes, grapefruits, oranges, etc. all have a high concentration of citric acid. Here it is simply
isolated from the fruit via a fermentation and filtering process. It is used as flavoring and as a preservative in
food, pharmaceuticals, and beverages. In the bath bombs, it is what gives them their characteristic fizziness.
While it is only a weak acid, and considered quite safe to use, it can cause eye and lung irritation if you
mishandle it. I suggest not leaning directly over it (which I did the first time I opened a bag), wearing goggles if
you like, and you should be fine.
Vegetable Glycerin:  Glycerin, or glycerol, is the backbone of lipids (fats) that can be separated into its isolated
viscous form and used for a wide range of reasons. Primarily it is used to provide lubrication, restore luster to
hair, attract moisture, and soften skin. Vegetable glycerin is used here in a remedy recipe for dry hair, as well
as dish soap, toothpaste, and laundry detergent. Regular glycerin I am not a fan of-it is based off of animal or
petroleum products, and is generally just kind of gross. Vegetable glycerin is extracted only from vegetable
fats, usually palm/coconut oil, and can be found in the health store. It more pleasant (and natural!) than its
“regular” cousin. It does not become rancid, rank, or ferment, and does not have the same side effects as
petroleum or animal product based glycerin can. Food grade glycerin means it is safe to ingest-this is used in
the toothpaste recipe.
Castile Soap : Castile soap, both liquid and in bar form, is called for in recipes ranging from floor cleaner to
shampoo. It is true soap, whereas most “soaps” sold under the name are harsh enough to be detergents, and
contain no true soap at all. Castile soap originated in the Castile region of Spain centuries ago, and is a mild,
olive-oil based soap (versus an animal fat based soap) that is more environmentally friendly and gentler on
our bodies.
Epsom Salt:  Like castile soap, Epsom salt was named for the geographical location it originated from-in this
case, a saline spring by the town of Epsom in Surrey, England. It is rich in magnesium and other minerals,
and is generally obtained directly from natural sources. It is used for numerous recipes throughout the book,
forming the body of bathing salts and scrubs, and relieving muscle aches and tension.
Castor Oil:  Castor oil is a vegetable oil derived from the castor plant. It is recognized as a generally safe
product to use from treating constipation to split ends. The castor seed that is derived from contains a toxic
protein called ricin; however, during the heating that takes place in the extraction process, this protein is
denatured and inactivated. Because it can help with inflammation, it is used in a remedy for carpal tunnel. It is
also used as a remedy for common warts.
Borax:  I think a whole other book on borax could be written, so great is the debate and confusion surrounding
it, but I’ll do my best to sum it up here. Borax, also known as sodium borate, is used in cleaning and laundry
detergent recipes. It is a basic mineral that is mined from the ground, and while it is wholly natural, there is
still quite a bit of contention around whether or not it’s safe for use. To put one thing straight, borax is not the
same as boric acid. Boric acid is used in pesticides and insecticides and is derived from borax by a refining
process that renders it a whole different beast.
Borax is considered, by industry standards, generally safe to use (with the exception of it being forbidden
as a food additive.) Speaking from experience, I have never had a problem with it, and keep it labeled and
securely away from kids and pets. It is up to you whether or not you are comfortable using it. It must be
ingested for its toxicity to be expressed, however too much can cause mild skin irritation because of its
high alkalinity. I find it staple for laundry detergent and some carpet cleaners as well. As long as it is kept in
moderation, I will say that I find borax ok to use in certain recipes. 16Copyright 2014 everydayroots.comThe Golden Rule: Everything in Moder


anes which develop endogenously. It is important to
point out, however, that mechanisms of adsorption of
material to the surfaces of tissue matrices must be
involved in these processes.
E. Capillaries and VICC
1. Biologic transfer of electrons
Long distance transport of material in biological sys
tems is currently regarded as a function of mechanical
transport mechanisms and diffusion. Long distance transport of electric energy can be induced over cables
by an electric sou.rce witb electrodes inserted into
living tissue or an electrolyte. The electrode surfaces
and adjacent electrolyte then serve as conversion sites
between electronic and ionic electric charges. How
does this picture correspond to tbe possibilities of a
BCEC system without obvious electrode surfaces?
First, there is no disagreement about the fact tbat
short distance electron transfer takes place between
molecules in biology as an expression of redox reac
tions. But the processes themselves are remarkable
because most organic molecules behave as dielectrics.
Bockris and Dratic (5) discussed the possibility of
electronic charge transfer by rotation of such mole
cules, but rejected tbe possibility. Instead tbey re
ferred to the fact that large protein and enzyme mole
cules are semiconductors, as pointed out by Szent
Gyorgyi (71). The high activation energy in semicon
duction seemed, however, to make this mechanism
unlikely until it was found that the protein cytochrome
oxidase could give kinetic evidence of semiconduction
(10, II, 12). The activation energy of semiconduction
of this enzyme molecule was also found by Straub (69)
to be approximate ly equal to the activation energy of
tbe enzymatic reaction catalyzed by the molecule. It
bas also been shown by Trukhan (75) that electron
conduction within molecules may be considerably
higher than conduction across interfaces between par
ticles. This effect is explained as electronic tunneling
or a microwave Hall effect on mobility of electrons
(54).
As pointed out by Bockris and Orotic (5), a signifi
cant mobility of electrons can be understood in the
case of many enzymes having conjugated double bonds
I I I I
(-<:=C-<:=C -). The resonance effect of excited
electrons then produces huge orbitals along the chain.
In protein molecules without long conjugated dou
ble bonds but with cross-linked polypeptide bonds,
0 H
II I -e-N-
gives the following form of the chain
HHOHHOHHOHHO
I I II I I II I I II I I II -N-c-c-N-c-c-N-c-c-N-c-c-
1 I I I
R, R2 R3 R.
The orderly repetition of the peptide bond should then
be able to produce an electronic conduction band, as
in ordinary semiconducto r crystals.
Anotber possibility is that the close connectio n be
tween tbe electron-donat ing NH and electron-accept·
ing CO groups may permit electron tunneling through
the peptide chain ( 11 ). Different other models have also been suggested ( 4,
23) which indicate the existence of different electron
transport systems in biologic material involving intra
and intermolecular transfer of charges. Rosenberg
(54), for example, has shown that wet crystalline hae
moglobin is an electron conductor.
The reason for referring to the works above should
be evident: the function of a BCEC, such as tbe VICC,
will require an electrode-electrolyte analogue allowing
regional transfer of electrons. Only in this way can tbe
ionic conduction, transport and recombinations of a
BCEC be activated and lead to purposeful biologic
structuring and function.
Experimental studies of electron exchange systems
between molecules represent one important approach
to tbese problems. Another approach may be to look
for possible re~ction sites in organized living systems.
We are here particularly interested in the VICC.
Where should redox-steps most likely be located in
tbis circuit? The answer would probably be; some
where in the capillary wall, as tbis serves as an inter
mediate partition for the exchange of material between
blood and tissue.
2. The capillary wall
Gases, water, ions, and compounds of low molecular
weight pass over the capillary membranes by diffu
sion, filtration and osmosis, according to prevailing
opinions (24, 25). In tbese transports, transmural hy·
drostatic pressure differences, colloid osmotic pres
sures and concentration differences across the mem
branes play important roles. The endothelial cells
themselves are permeable for lipophilic substances
such as gases, but not for hydrophilic substances (53).
The latter pass through the capillary walls through
interepithelial spaces (82), called stomata, pores or
leaky junctions. Anotber type of transport is called
micropinocytos is or cytopempsis (29), in which small
vesicles transport material tbrough the endothelial
cells (47). Morphologi c studies and studies with radio
active tracers have led 10 the hypothesis that the vesicles
may to some extent transport proteins and colloidal
particles across the endothelium (7, 47). The function
of the vesicles is, on the whole, not very well under
stood. Their function must also be distinguished from
tbat of transport through the channels of the "leaky
junctions" (82). Before we discuss an additional possi
ble mechanism, electTogenic closed circuit transpon
over the capillary membrane, a short survey of the
morphology of capillaries is necessary.
A lengthwise section of a capillary is illustrated
schematica lly in Fig. XII: 21 a. It contains six layers
(13). On tbe outside is the basement membrane. Be
tween tbe basement membrane and the periphety of an
endothelial cell is the so-called exoendothe lial space.
Biologically closed electric circuits 135 a
Leaky junction Mobile portion Plasmatic
----J,~~---_-_-...;;lin;;.:.;.m:;.o:;;:;b ;.;i 1-r:e..:l.-a....-e-~r.....-:z:.;o :;.n;,;e-. __
0 Terminal
b
Fig. Xll: 21. A capillary wall: schematic presentation, (a)
lengthwise, and (b)crosswisc sections. Six layers are recog·
nized: basement membrane:, exoendothclial space, endotheli ·
al cells (EC}, endothelia l fibrin film, immobile and mobile
layers of the plasmatic zone. Adhesion lines (AL} between
adjoining endothelial cells form leaky junctions for water,
electrolytes and large molecules and probably also for blood
cells in diapedetic transport. Additional mechanisms of
The endothelial cell has an endothelial fibrin film,
which bordrers the lumen of the vessel. Next to the
fibrin film is the plasmatic zone containing a layer of
more or less immobile plasma and finally a mobile
plasmatic portion (50).
In the walls of capillaires the endothelial cells make
contact only at specific adhesion lines (82). According
to this view, the nonadherent parts of adjacent epithe
lial walls form "leaky junctions". Such junctions (sto
mata), seen in a plane through the adhesion lines are
shown in Fi.g. XII: 21 b. Tortuous distensible channels
or clefts are formed in this way. Peroxidase, with a
136 Biologically closed electric circuits EC
trans-port include diffusion, filtration and pinocyto-
sis (via vesicles) through the endothelial cell. The pericyte
(see Fig. XU: 22) makes contact with some of the endothelial
cells by ramificatio ns of primary· and secondary (tertninal}
processes. The endothelial cells measure in thickness about
I pm. The thickness of the basement membrane is about 600
A, which in actuality is much less than as depicted in the
f~gure.
molecular diameter of 20 A, has been found to pass
through these channels, of a presumed cylindrical dia
meter of 90 A (82). Even under normal conditions,
white blood cells pass by diapedesis through stomata
without rupturing their walls (35). Diapedesis takes
place by means of pseudopods. Part of the leukocyte
moves as an extension through a stoma, which widens.
The content of the blood cell then "flows" successively
through the stoma into the surrounding tissue. Trans
capillary transport of red blood cells also takes place
by diapedesis, mainly during venous stasis (35).
An interesting component of capillaries is the peri-a
Fig. X/I: 22. (a) The peri
cyte (after K. W. Zimmer
mann, 1923) is a ceJllocated
at scanered sites adjacent
to capillary walls. (b)


Relati.,•e polarity in tissue-metal corrolion
Ill
Removal of gas 220.
Repcllins haemoglobin l.8li
Repulsive fo:rces 26
Resj•ti.,tity
alternating current U6.
of tissue and body fluids W
pulsed dir«t cu.rrent U8
Resistivity and capacitance in biologic cis-
sues 282
Resonance c:!ffccc of excited de<:trons 115
Respiratory arrest JJl2
Respiratory comfort and safety 223
Respin.tory!insufficiency ru
Restricting factors
inertness of matter 22
matrix functions 21
Resuhs of treatment
by direct current 302
by electrocoagulation 2lh.
Reticular structuring of cytoplasm ill Reticulum of nc::urofibrils ill
Reticulum srructures 2.36.
Reuaction produced by elecuoosmotic de
hydration 265
"Retraction oedema'' 22&
Retraction of the skin,~« skin n::traetion
Rcttaction pocket It 35-38. ~ 22.&::.ll2
Retrieval of energy of ergonars l1l
Reversjble oxygenation 1.56.
Rhythmic potentials in the Ji.,·er 62
Ring·like slrllcturts ill
Ring-structu res W
Riw of producing mctaS!a$C$ 2&3
"Rods·" 2!1
Roll sheet table ill
Rotex biopsy cannula ill, 286::::22.1
s
Safety circuits 22.5:
Salt bridg< carrien ~
Scirrllouscanccn 211.212.228.326
Sclerosing adcnosi> lll
Screw-cannula·e lecuode ill
Screw needle for sampling of cellular mate·
rial 205,286-291
Second messenger ill
Seconcb..ry electrode reactions of vesicles
U2
Secondary induction of biological proc
essco Zl!li
Secondary ioniudon at electrode-equiv-
alent sites ill
Secondary processes Ill
Sqme:ntal apillary contractio ns ill
Segmental mode of ceo tractions 1!1
Sclcctivt migrations lil
Sc:.lc:ctivc rept.llent forcr on cells 1.82
Selective uanspons ijJI. 1.6!1
Sc.lf-driving electric cell 1M
Self-driving system ~ 32.2
of a BCEC 1.62
Semipermeable:: membrane:: 200
"Semjpenncable'' sieYe U3
Sequential reactions 118.285.321. 123
Seques:tration of destroyed tumour tissue
307,314
Serotonin m lli
Shaggy margins 212
Shielding for magnetic fields ill
Short~sta nce sekctivt-transporu ~
~~~
Shon·nnge forces ll
Shrew ill
ShrinkJ3e of tissue 12j
Shutters U
Signs
of corona structures!b ~ lYL
43. 41.!9$.,202 20}=21$
of malignancy 2Qj
Silicoois.U
Simulated healing 286
Sirocco winds ill
Sites
of blecdinss ill
of changt> of density of current lZ1
of least resistance 1.2:5:
Sites for m:lox steps of the VICC W
Size and gcomeU')' of ei<CU'Odes lll
Skeletal metastases 218
Skin retraction m 228-232. ill
Skin thickening ZlU., Zll.ll8:2ll. ~
ill
"SUpping plane" 200
Slow pressure phase in electroosmosi s 86
Small arches, see arcades Small cell carcinoma 1.6
Solubilicy of hydroxides of metals 113
"Space of life" 8l!
Spatial distribution of current 282
Spicula(', spiculations 2U
Spirochada paUida 2Q2
Spontanrous electrophoresis over a BCEC
ill
Spontaneous genention of electric charge
69.328
Spontaneous healing of canccn 222
Spontaneous interruption of cunc::nt ill
Spontaneous ionizations over mdox sys·
terns 120.
Spontaneous necrosis 198 211 228
Spontaneous reactions
in degradation 2. f>2.!.!!. 1.29.
toward a state of equilibrium 320.
Spontaneous l't'gression of maJigna.nt tu·
moun 176. 271
Spontaneously developed pathological
\'CS1cl llli
Squamous cell carcinoma ~ ~!L ~ 10.
circular displacement of vessels 15
poorl)' differentiated ll
well differentiated ZL. 28
Stabilizing factors ofmauices 26
Staining of the: calcium ion ll2
Stainless steel razor blade UlO.
Standard reduction potentials 1.5!
State of equilibrium 1.22.
Steels in active states ll2.
Stellate fibrous extensions or stnnds ill
StertOradiographs 218.
Stcn:otaxic instrument 13. 20S. 278
Stereotaxic needle biopsy ~ Z2!. 26.1
Stc:ric arrangcmt-nl of charges 266
Stimulation of BCEC mechanisms ll6
Stomata ill
Straightness of radiating structures ill
Striae: 212
Structural adaptations in biology ~ ~
ll8
Strucrural diffc::rcntialion ~ ll.8
Structural interface$ l2l
Structuring of water 8.1
Subcutis, short circuiting of S.3
Substance P 190.334
Sunbunt changes, see corona structures
Superimposed forces of BCEC systems
lll...lll!
Supponing matrices li2.. 2!U
Supporting medium 1M...l&2
Surface-charge of chemical groups 1.&8
Surface-charge of ves~l walls 126.
Surface friction 1.82
SurgicaJ implants ll2
Surgical remo\'al of solitary mct!ast.asis ill
Suf\'ival time of monocytc:s 26.3
Switching of short-distance to long-distance
transpons ~ ill
Synaptic stimulation ill
Systemic circulation U2
T
Target for electroma.gnc:ti c induction of
currt'.nt ill
Targets for precipitation of calcium ~
ill
Temperature measurements in t-lectrOOS·
molis 82
Testicular teratocarcinoma 226
Then.pcutic acc-umulation of panu1ocytes
w
Then.pcutic poss.ibilitcs 2D2
Index 357 Thermal motion till
Thermodynamics l11
Thc:rmoelectric detector needle 112
Thickened ceiJ membranes 2.36.
Threonine ill
Thrombi u sites for redox reactions ill
Thromboembolism ill
Thrombosi s ~~
around carcinomas 116
around the anode 1.80.
in the anodic field 6
of capillaries 2l5, 294
Tissue circulation, influence of ru
Tissue cultures 220
Tissue c:ntropy U8.
Tissue matrix
influence of 2!S
of cell membrar.es W
Tissue potentials, rate of losses 2
Tissues with rcJatn·ely insulating proper·
ties 124-128.331
Topography
of a polari:Qng tody 200
of radiating suuctures ill
''T o1al activity" Z2
Toxic effects
of di.ssolved metal lli
on cells Ul!
Toxic injuries l.3:t
Traffic accidents ill
Transcapillary gradients lJ6
Transcapillary openings ill
Tran:~fcrcncc nurn.bcn of ions l2l
Transfer of charge in water electrolysis
~
Transformation of fat "ceUs" ill
Transformations of red blood cells 181
Transition in an intermediate zone ill
Transmcmbra nous difference of physico.
chemical potential W
Transmemb ranous ionic transpons ill
Transmission of heat 28.1
Transmitter precunor ill
Transminer subsnmccs carried by vesie:l~
145.~~111
Transport energy in electrOOSmosis &2
Tran..';port in intnvascular branchc:s 32.l
Transpon media ~
Trantpon o{ dic1ecuic5 22:::2.1, 93-104.
14<1, 149,171, 179
Transport of elecuic energy 111
Transport of prouins W
Transportofwate:r 8.1:2.1