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psv_manual | 0 | 1 | 98 | 14 | Issue Date February 2017
Section B Page i
Public Service
Vehicle (PSV)
Inspection Manual
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About this Manual
Purpose
This manual explains to everyone engaged in the practical work of vehicle
examination and maintenance:
• The application of specific relevant requirements.
• The procedures and standards to be used.
• The deficiencies.
• The deficiency categorisation.
The manual is not a legal interpretation of Regulations, nor does it necessarily
lay down standards for rejection elsewhere.
Layout of Inspection Manual
The page layout for each inspection item consists of an Application section;
this section will contain the application criteria. Following this will be the
Procedure and Standards section where any procedures specific to the
section will be contained as well as any notes relevant to the standards to
apply. The remainder of the page(s) will be split between the Deficiency and
the Deficiency Category columns.
Procedures
The procedures given here assume that only parts of a vehicle which can
readily be seen without dismantling are to be examined. However, it may be
necessary to ask the driver to remove wheel embellishers or panels where it is
not otherwise possible to inspect safety critical items.
Minimum Standards
It must be emphasised that these are minimum acceptable standards, which
do not necessarily allow for further deterioration when the vehicle is in service.
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About this Manual
Deficiency Categorisation
Deficiencies found during the test shall be categorised in one of the following
groups:
• Minor – deficiencies having no significant effect on the safety of the
vehicle/trailer or impact on the environment and other minor non-
compliances. If only defects of a minor nature are present, a pass must
be recorded.
• Major – deficiencies that may prejudice the safety of the vehicle, have
an impact on the environment, put other road users at risk or other
more significant non-compliances.
• Dangerous – deficiencies constituting a direct and immediate risk to
road safety or having an impact on the environment.
Acceptance For Test
Conditions for accepting vehicle for test include:
• The vehicle chassis number must be permanently fixed to the vehicle in
an accessible, easy to read, position.
• The vehicle must be clean enough to allow the component parts to be
inspected.
• The vehicle must not present a health and safety hazard to inspect.
If you are in doubt regarding any of the above, it is recommended that you
contact the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency Contact Centre for advice.
The Inspection
Each inspection has been allocated a number, which is given at the top of the
page.
Not all inspection numbers have been allocated.
The requirements of each inspection will be found in Schedule 2 of The Motor
Vehicle (Test) Regulations 1981 as amended.
After The Test
On completion of the test, copies of the smoke test and brake test reports
should be issued, together with (if applicable) a refusal to issue a certificate.
The refusal will refer to the deficiencies identified, which are considered to be
below the minimum standard.
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About this Manual
Assessment of Component condition
It is not practicable to lay down limits of wear and tolerances for all
types of components on different models of vehicle, or to define
acceptable amounts of damage, deterioration and effectiveness.
Testers are therefore expected to use their knowledge, experience
and judgement in assessing whether the condition of a component
has reached the stage where it is obviously adversely affecting its
functionality or likely to adversely affect the roadworthiness of the
vehicle.
Scope of Inspections
The scope of the inspections in this manual does not cover all the
requirements of The Road Vehicles (Construction and Use)
Regulations and The Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations. It may be
noted that some standards in this inspection manual may differ from
that of type-approval, this is because this manual is covered and
updated under different regulations.
Health and Safety
Drivers presenting vehicles for test must follow the instructions given
by Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency staff. Radios and telephones
must not be used whilst vehicles are undergoing test.
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Public Service Vehicle Revision Record
Section
Number
Section Title
Description of Change
Revision
Date
About this Manual
Page 2 - Deficiency Categorisation – last sentence from
minor deficiencies amended to cater for electronic test
certification.
01/06/2024
Interpretation of
Terms
Page 2 note added to ECE regulation vehicle “This will also
include vehicles built or approved from 29th October 2010 to
ECE Regulation 107.2 (IVA, NSSTA & ECWVTA).”
01/06/2024
03
Seat Belts &
Supplementary
Restraint Systems
Page 1, note in procedure and standards for cuts and
damage assessment is updated to clarify the importance of
tensile strength.
Page 2, note added to procedure and Standards “Air bags
are not a mandatory fitment, the deficiency for air bag
missing must only be used where it is obvious the vehicle
had an air bag fitted and it is now missing.
01/06/2024
05
Exhaust Emissions
Page 5 deficiency 4 b ii amended to add “LNG” into
deficiency wording.
01/06/2024
07
Size and Type of
Tyres
Page 1, note added to use markings encountered “some
tyres may be branded for a tyre recommended use while still
suitable for other applications”.
01/06/2024
23
Glass and View of
the Road
Page 4, note added to clarify the standard to apply for view to
front on dash mounted monitors will dependant on the
function that the system provides.
01/06/2024
26
Speedometer/
Tachograph
Page 1 and 2, information layout reformatted with reference
to analogue and digital tachographs removed. Removed
duplicated note for the checks on DIL switch covers.
01/06/2024
42
Electrical
Wiring and
Equipment
Page 1, note added to procedure and standard “A trailer
electrical socket with a defective or missing cover flap that
incorporates a lug and spring to hold the plug in place is not
considered to be a defect.”
01/06/2024
63
Lamps
Page 2, note added in respect of inoperative non obligatory
lamps.
Page 2 reverse lamps fitment note “but all lamps must work”
removed.
01/06/2024
66
Direction Indicators
and Hazard Warning
Lamps
Page 2, note added in respect of inoperative non obligatory
lamps.
01/06/2024
71
Service brake
performance
Page 3 calculated gross weight formula information updated
to clarify Y = total number of seats and driver/crew weights
are the same as passengers.
01/06/2024
72
Secondary brake
performance
Page 2 calculated gross weight formula information updated
to clarify Y = total number of seats and driver/crew weights
are the same as passengers.
01/06/2024
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73
Park brake
performance
Page 2 calculated gross weight formula information updated
to clarify Y = total number of seats and driver/crew weights
are the same as passengers.
01/06/2024
Section
Number Section Title
Description of Change
Revision
Date
About this Manual
Page 3 of 3 – Scope of Inspections – Added to paragraph in
respect of regulatory requirements which update this manual
compared with type-approval.
01/04/2025
Interpretation of
Terms
Page 2 added Note: Fuel tanks and gas cylinders will only be
subject to visual inspection for corrosion.
01/04/2025
7
Size and Types of
Tyres
Page 9 of 9 – Deficiency 1a (ii) After the words ‘axle weight
and is loaded’ new wording is added which states ‘at least
10%’.
01/04/2025
16
Passenger
Doors,
Drivers Doors
and
Emergency
Exits
Page 3 of 5 – Added to paragraph in respect of ‘Tethered
brake glass hammers’, new wording includes
requirements for Bus Directive and ECE Regulation
Vehicles.
01/04/2025
16
Passenger
Doors,
Drivers Doors
and
Emergency
Exits
Page 3 of 5 – Added new paragraph in respect of ‘The
minimum requirements for an emergency door, window or
roof hatch’, new paragraph 3 includes requirements for
Bus Directive and ECE Regulation Vehicles.
01/04/2025
21
Interior of Body,
Passenger
Entrances, Exit
Steps and Platforms
Page 2 added A fire extinguisher must be maintained in good
efficient working order.
Where a gauge is fitted to a fire extinguisher the reading
shown should not be used to determine the condition of the
extinguisher
01/04/2025
23
Glass and View
to the road
Page 3 added Monitors for indirect vision devices
01/04/2025
45
Fuel Tanks and
Systems
Page 1 – Application, Hydrogen fuel cell tanks to be
considered fuel tanks.
Page 1 – Procedure and Standards, paragraph added for
LPG, CNG, LNG and Hydrogen tanks now testable.
Page 2 – RFR added for these tanks being excessively
corroded and/or damaged.
01/04/2025
59
Brake Systems and
Components
Page 1 added words in bold. A pipe with its wall thickness
reduced by more than one third of its original thickness is
considered a major or dangerous deficiency depending
upon severity.
01/04/2025
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Interpretation of Terms
Corrosion Failure Criteria
Any part of a load bearing member or load bearing panelling should be refused if it is
weakened by corrosion to the extent that:
• By finger and thumb pressure it does not feel rigid, or
• It crumbles to leave a hole, or
• When tapped there is penetration, or it causes the metal to crumble or disintegrate.
Note: Fuel tanks, air tanks and gas cylinders will only be subject to visual inspection for
corrosion.
Cracked
A flaw or split in a component.
Damage
When assessing the extent of damage, it is important to consider whether the
performance of the component/system will be impaired or if the component/system is
likely to fail prematurely.
Damage fulfilling either of these criteria is not acceptable and will be a deficiency.
Deteriorated
This will be a deficiency if the component or system is weakened to such an extent that it
can no longer adequately perform its function.
DGVW
Design Gross Vehicle Weight – the maximum gross weight a vehicle was designed to
operate at by the manufacturer.
Distorted
This will be a deficiency if the component or system is distorted to such an extent that it
can no longer adequately perform its function.
ECE Regulation vehicle
This means a bus which has been built or approved to Directive 2001/85/EC, ECE
regulation 36 (buses with more than 22 passengers), ECE regulation 52 (buses with not
more than 22 passengers) or ECE regulation 107 (Double Deck buses). This will also
include vehicles built or approved from 29th October 2010 to ECE Regulation 107.2 (IVA,
NSSTA & ECWVTA).
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Interpretation of Terms
EV (Electric Vehicle)
A vehicle that is powered by electric power train only. A vehicle with a hydrogen fuel cell
should be considered an electric vehicle.
Excessive travel
An abnormal amount of movement which clearly indicates that a component has reached
a stage when it requires remedial action to enable it to either:
a. operate effectively as designed, or
b. prevent it from reaching the end of its permitted travel, or
c. prevent it from exceeding manufacturer’s known maximum permitted limits.
Excessive wear
A component which is worn to such an extent that it is either:
a. likely to fail, or
b. clearly not functioning effectively as designed, or
c. visibly worn beyond manufacturers’ known permitted limits, or
d. likely to affect the operation or condition of another safety related component.
First use dates
Throughout this manual we have used the terms “before” and “from” when referring to first
use dates. The term “from” should be regarded to be on or after a certain date. Where
there is a first use date quoted for a motor vehicle this will not normally apply if the vehicle
was built more than 6 months before that date.
Fouling
This will only be a deficiency if contact of two parts is likely to cause damage to or restrict
the movement of a component.
Fractured/broken
Gap, opening or rupture where separation has taken place.
Front steered axle
Any axle(s) deemed to be forward of the chassis midpoint and directly controlled by the
motor vehicle steering system.
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Interpretation of Terms
HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
A vehicle powered by a power train that consists of both an internal combustion engine
and an electrical energy/power storage device.
Inappropriate Modification
A modification to a component which stops or severely affects the functionality of the
component (also see unsafe modification).
Insecure
The term “insecure” is used many times throughout this manual to describe a defective
condition. This term should be taken to mean either:
• a component has relative movement (looseness) at its fixings where there should
be none, or
• a component has relative movement (looseness) to an associated component
where there should be none, or
• a safety critical component is not safely or completely attached at its fixing or to an
associated component.
Certain components, such as wheel studs/nuts, body mountings etc. have specific criteria
detailed in the inspection manual.
Large Bus
A vehicle constructed or adapted to carry more than 16 passengers in addition to the
driver.
Minibus
A motor vehicle which is constructed or adapted to carry more than 8 but not more than 16
seated passengers in addition to the driver.
Obligatory/Mandatory
Required to be fitted by law.
Schedule 6
Where a requirement in this manual refers to Schedule 6 minibus this means a minibus
first used from 1 April 1988.
Service Door
Means a door intended for use by passengers in normal circumstances with the driver
seated.
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Interpretation of Terms
Type Approved
A component or system fitted to a vehicle which has been issued with a Type Approval
Certificate or Certificate of Conformity which shows that the system or component
complies with the requirements of an EU Directive or ECE regulation.
If the presenter claims that the vehicle is fitted with type approved equipment which
complies with the requirements of an EC directive and has no documentary evidence,
consideration must be given to the following:
• annual test standards should not exceed those of type approval
• does the component or system appear to have been modified, replaced or damaged
• Where doubt exists, the benefit should be given to the presenter.
Unsafe Modification
Modifications to vehicles must be assessed on their merits, taking account of the nature of
the modification and whether the component is safety critical.
The main criteria to be used are:
• whether the modification adversely affects the roadworthiness of the vehicle, or
• is likely to cause injury (such as modification to the body), or
• has a disproportionately adverse effect on the environment.
Vehicle category (Definition used in the Community Directive)
Category M2: Vehicles used for the carriage of passengers and comprising of more than
eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat and having a DGVW not exceeding 5000kg.
Category M3: Vehicles used for the carriage of passengers and comprising of more than
eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat and having a DGVW exceeding 5000kg.
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List of Inspections
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1
Registration Plate
39 Hand Operated Brake Control Valves
2
Not allocated
40 Not allocated
3
Seat Belts and Supplementary Restraint
Systems
41 Condition of Chassis
4
Not allocated
42 Electrical Wiring and Equipment
5
Emissions Exhaust
43 Engine and Transmission Mountings
6
Road Wheels and Hubs
44 Oil and Waste Leaks
7
Size and Type of Tyres
45 Fuel Tanks and Systems
8
Condition of Tyres
46 Exhaust and Nuisance
9
Bumper Bars
47 Not allocated
10 Spare Wheel and Carrier
48 Suspension
11 Vehicle to Trailer Coupling
49 Not allocated
12 Not allocated
50 Not allocated
13 Not allocated
51 Not allocated
14 Wings and Wheel Arches
52 Not allocated
15 Not allocated
53 Axles, Stub Axles and Wheel Bearings
16 Passenger Doors, Drivers Doors and
Emergency Exits
54 Steering
17 Drivers Accommodation
55 Not allocated
18 Driver’s Seat
56 Not allocated
19 Security of Body
57 Transmission
20 Exterior of Body, including Luggage
Compartment
58 Additional Braking Devices
21 Interior of Body, Passenger Entrance, Exits
Steps and Platforms
59 Brake Systems and Components
22 Mirrors and Indirect Vision Devices
60 Not allocated
23 Glass and View of the Road
61 Not allocated
24 Accessibility Features
62 Reflectors and Rear Markings
25 Windscreen Washers and Wipers
63 Lamps
26 Speedometer/Tachographs
64 Not allocated
27 Horn
65 Not allocated
28 Driving Controls
66 Direction Indicators and Hazard Warning
Lamps
29 Not allocated
67 Aim of Headlamps
30 Steering Control
68 Not allocated
31 Not allocated
69 Not allocated
32 Not allocated
70 Not allocated
33 Speed Limiter
71 Service Brake Performance
34 Pressure/Vacuum Warning and Build Up
72 Secondary Brake Performance
35 Not allocated
73 Parking Brake Performance
36 Hand Lever Operating Mechanical Brakes and
Electronic Park Brake Controls
74 Other Dangerous Defects
37 Service Brake Pedal
38 Service Brake Operation
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Standards for Prohibition Issue at Statutory Test
This provides a standard for the issue of Prohibition Notices where dangerous
deficiencies are observed during statutory tests.
The aim of the policy is to:
• Protect the public and other road users from unsafe vehicles where very
dangerous deficiencies have been observed during test.
• Let operators know the rules so that they know and understand the
standards for prohibition issue at test.
• Ensure consistency of approach.
• Preserve a balance between providing a flexible, customer focused,
testing service and providing the public with protection from loss or injury
from vehicles being used on public roads with serious roadworthiness
defects.
• Provide information about such occurrences to DVSA Enforcement, and to
Traffic Commissioners.
The approach, in principle, is to apply the following:
• Where a dangerous deficiency is marked with an asterisk * the examiner
will be required to assess the severity of the defect in line with the
deficiency criteria detailed in the table contained within the following
pages, before deciding whether to issue an immediate prohibition.
• Where a dangerous deficiency is NOT marked with an asterisk; this will
result in the issue of an immediate prohibition.
‘S’ Marked Prohibitions:
Prohibitions issued for defects found at the time of test will be endorsed as ‘S’
mark indicating there is a significant failure of roadworthiness compliance and
maintenance, unless in the issuing Examiner’s opinion the defect could not have
been foreseen (i.e. a defect arising on the way to the Testing Facility).
Note:
Where an Exemption notice is issued to permit prohibited vehicles to proceed to
a place of repair under controlled conditions the conditions of movement must be
detailed on the notice. Examiners will issue an Exemption notice only if in their
opinion the vehicle can be moved to such a place without risk to public safety.
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Standards for Prohibition Issue at Statutory Test
Manual Reference
Deficiency Criteria
Deficiency
IM 3
Seat Belts
Detachment imminent where the applicable drivers
and/or passengers’ seat will be occupied during the
journey following test.
2a (ii)*
6a*
IM 5
Exhaust Emissions
Sufficient to obscure vision or poses an obvious
danger to other road users.
3b*
IM 6
Road Wheels and
Hubs
Retaining ring is excessively displaced from its
seating and total displacement is imminent.
Failure or detachment imminent.
1a*
2d*
IM 7
Size and Type of
Tyres
Directional stability is obviously, significantly
affected.
1d*
1e*
1f*
2*
IM 8
Condition of Tyres
A tyre so severely damaged that failure of the tyre
is likely.
Tyre tread worn below the legal minimum on any
tyre fitted to a steered axle and/or 50% or more of
the total number of tyres fitted to non-steered axles.
1c*
1h*
IM 10
Spare Wheel &
Carrier
Detachment imminent.
Detachment imminent and/or damage to the
electrical wiring, other vehicle components or
passenger luggage, or injury to occupants is
imminent.
1 (iii)*
2 (ii)*
IM11
Vehicle to Trailer
Coupling
Detachment imminent.
Imminent danger of injury to passengers or other
persons.
Detachment imminent.
Detachment imminent.
1a (ii)*,1b (ii)*
1c (ii)*
2a (ii)*
2b*
3a (ii)*
4a (ii)*, 4b (ii)*
4c (ii)* 4d (ii)*
5 (ii)*
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01 Registration Plate
Application
This inspection applies to all registered motorised vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
A registration plate should be easily legible to a person standing approximately 20m from the
front/rear of the vehicle. Where a registration plate is obviously obscured by objects such as tow
bars this will be a deficiency under 2b.
The registration plate must be checked for presence and security at the front and rear of the
vehicle. The registration mark must be checked for presence and legibility.
A registration mark with characters which are obviously; incorrectly spaced (see examples),
misformed or uses misplaced fixing bolts to alter the registration mark appearance, will be
deemed to be not in accordance with the requirements.
AB 19 NGF
M700N KV
Registration plates may display UK national flags or lettering on the left hand side and they may
also show a green flash here to indicate that the vehicle is electric.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A registration plate:
a.
missing.
Major
b.
insecure.
Major
2
A registration mark:
a.
missing.
Major
b.
illegible.
Major
c.
not in accordance with the requirements.
Major
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03 Seat Belts & Supplementary Restraint Systems
Application
This inspection applies to all buses which have seat belts fitted.
The inspection of Supplementary Restraint Systems (SRS) applies to airbags, seat belt pre-
tensioners and seat belt load limiters when fitted as standard.
Procedure and Standards
Certain buses require seat belts regardless of their use (Obligatory belts). These are shown in
the tables to the rear of the application section, along with the seat belts which are required.
These must be checked to ensure that seat belts are fitted to the seats on which they were
determined to be needed at the time of certification.
Seat belts may be fitted to all types of minibuses, buses and coaches, both single and double
decked, and may be in addition to those required in the tables at the end of this section. It will not
be necessary to carry out the installation check unless extra belts have been fitted since the last
test, but the condition check must be carried out on all belts and fittings on the vehicle.
Condition inspection of all seat belts fitted
As far as it is practicable without dismantling, check the condition of the vehicle structure around
the seat belt anchorage points (i.e. within 30cm of the anchorage). Where a seat belt is mounted
to a seat frame this will apply to all seat mounting points. The floor-mounted anchorage points
might need to be inspected from underneath the vehicle.
For seats with integral seat belts, it might not be possible to examine the fixing of the seat belt
to the seat.
When assessing cuts or damage:
• Lateral cuts or damage on either edge of the webbing in excess of 2mm are likely to
reduce the webbing strength significantly and will be deemed a deficiency.
• Lateral cuts or damage away from the webbing edges have a lesser effect on the tensile
strength of a belt, only cuts or damage obviously in excess of 4mm shall be considered a
deficiency.
• Vertical cuts or damage travelling along the belt length will have a lesser effect on the
tensile strength than lateral cuts across the belt as there is less of a tendency to tear. A
deficiency here should only be considered where there is substantial damage to such an
extent that the belt strength is obviously seriously reduced.
Some types of retracting belt might need manual help before they retract.
First used
Inspection required
Before 1 October
2001
Condition check and standard installation check where seat belts or
extra seat belts added since last test.
From 1 October 2001
Condition check
Installation checks are not required on vehicles that have not been
modified since certification.
If the number of seats fitted with seatbelts is greater than the number
shown on the technical record for the vehicle see the section below on
the Enhanced Installation Check.
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03 Seat Belts & Supplementary Restraint Systems
A. Check that on all belts the buckle operates correctly, and the seat belt adjusts
satisfactorily. Subsequent cutting or reworking of the webbing will be a deficiency. It is
acceptable for the free end of looped belts or static belts to be reworked to the extent of
folding and stitching the webbing so that it cannot pass back through the buckle to
prevent the buckle from being dismantled. Any knots in the belt webbing are
unacceptable.
B. Seat squabs should be removed, to aid the inspection of the condition of the belt and
mountings. They must be replaced before the end of the test to allow inspection of the
complete belt installation.
C. Check for the presence of any sharp edges which the belt could rub on or pull across
during use.
D. Where seat belts, other than looped belts, are anchored to the seat frame or the vehicle
floor they must be secured with mounting bolts in accordance with the following:
Minimum Acceptable Size and Grade of Bolts for Seat Belt Anchorages
Bolt head marks:
Standard Material = P, 4.6 or SAE equivalent
High Tensile Steel = S, 8.8,or SAE equivalent
No Markings = Standard Material
If the examiner cannot determine the grade of bolt, it must be assumed to be of Standard
Grade.
It is paramount that the appropriate sized bolt is used in the seat belt anchorage, i.e. an 8mm bolt
should not be used in an 11.5mm diameter hole. The only exception to this is where a “stepped
washer” or collar is used to eliminate the excessive clearance, and a suitable washer is fitted
between the bolt head and the anchorage to prevent the bolt pulling through. The use of smaller
bolts, self-tapping screws or wood screws is not acceptable.
E. It is not acceptable to drill tubular seat frames to allow belts to be bolted to the frame
except in cases where a manufacturer has approved the installation, and the
operator presents a certificate issued by the manufacturer or his agent declaring that
the installation is satisfactory.
F. Clamp type brackets are acceptable provided that they are properly secured (see
Diagram 2).
Type of
anchorage
Minibus
Coach or large bus
Single anchorage
M10 Standard
material
M8 high tensile steel
M10 standard material
Double
anchorage
7/16” Standard
material
M10 High tensile
steel
7/16” Standard material
M10 High tensile steel
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G. On seats constructed with a wooden frame it is unacceptable to mount the belts either
directly to the frame or to a metal base which is attached to the frame only by wood
screws. Unless there are additional reinforcement brackets fitted that provide a direct
load path to the seat leg and side mounting the installation would be rejected. This
reinforcement could take the form of steel angle sections or plates, alternative materials
may be used provided that they are of comparable strength (see Diagrams 3 & 4 for
details of a typical installation).
H. Where seat belts are attached to thin sheet metal seat frames the bolts anchoring the
belt must be of the minimum dimensions shown in paragraph D and must be adequately
supported by the use of load spreading washers between the frame and the nut.
Typically, this would be 25 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick. If two belts are attached at
the same point with a single bolt then a larger reinforcement plate 35mm diameter x
3mm thick (or a rectangular plate of minimum dimensions 21 x 46 x 3 mm) must be
used. The sizes quoted are for steel reinforcement plates, alternative materials may be
used but must provide comparable strength.
I. Where seat belts are fitted to the rear seats of a vehicle check the anchorage to ensure
that it is not anchored solely to the thin metal sheet which separates the boot area from
the passenger compartment. It is essential that seat belt anchorages are secured to a
strong cross member connected to the structural members of the vehicle. The
connection should be to such a standard that there is confidence that it will be able to
transfer the seat belt loads into the structure of the vehicle. This may involve the
fabrication of an additional framework at the rear of the vehicle. An example of typical
reinforcement of this area would be by the use of additional square section tubing 40 x
40 x 3mm, or angle plate 50 x 50 x 4 mm across the full width of the vehicle. The sizes
quoted are for steel reinforcement, alternative materials may be used but must provide
comparable strength. A full width reinforcement that is only attached to the thin metal
sheet is unacceptable and would be a deficiency.
J. Three-point belts will only be accepted under the following circumstances:
If the seat utilises tubular frames or tubular “H” pattern legs:
•
The seats have been reinforced as detailed in Paragraph K or
•
A purpose built structure to which belts are attached is fitted to the vehicle, an
example is shown in diagram 5. Alternatively, the belts may be attached to
solid bodywork
or
If purpose made seats designed with integral three-point belts as standard have been
fitted.
K. Where seats that are permanently mounted in the vehicle have been fitted with lap belts
or 3-point belts integral to the seat, then, if the seat utilises tubular frames or tubular “H “
pattern legs it must be reinforced. This will include welding metal buttresses, of similar
thickness material as the foot, between the foot and the leg (see diagram 6). Also, the
welding of a diagonal brace, either in compression or tension, between the foot and the
seat base attachment of each leg. Alternatively documentary evidence of compliance with
Directive 76/115 or ECE Regulation 14 can be presented.
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03 Seat Belts & Supplementary Restraint Systems
Enhanced Installation Check
Vehicles certified from 1 November 2002 have either had evidence that they comply with directive
requirements regarding anchorages, including the results of a pull test or have had an Enhanced
Visual Inspection. In addition, some altered vehicles which have had seats and or seat belts
added will require this type of installation check rather than the original installation check specified
on pages 2 to 6 of the procedure and standards section. Only certifying officers will carry out the
enhanced inspection or interpret the results of pull tests. Details of which vehicle requires which
type of installation inspection following the fitting of additional seats and/or seat belts are in the
table on the following page.
Where an alteration involves the installation of seat belts, or an increase in the number of
seat belts fitted, care must be taken to ascertain the relevant dates. This is vital in
determining the action to take.
First Used
Installation Check
From 1 October
2001 with
additional
obligatory seat
belts fitted
Check whether any additional seats have been fitted since the vehicle was
certified. This can be done by checking the technical record or the
operator’s certificate of initial fitness (PSV 418) or carrying capacity
authorisation (PSV445).
If the vehicle has had additional seats fitted and there is no evidence that
the seat belt installation has been checked the vehicle should be refused a
test certificate using the deficiency 11(w).
Advise operator (using form VTP57) to submit a notifiable alteration (VTP5)
and to arrange to have the installation checked by a certifying officer.
The certifying officer, following a satisfactory inspection, will issue a revised
carrying capacity authorisation (PSV445). When the operator represents
the vehicle for retest check the new carrying capacity authorisation to
ensure the number of seats corresponds with the number of seats on the
vehicle.
From 1 October
2001 Check
whether extra
seats and/or seat
belts have been
fitted
Check whether extra seats and/or seat belts have been fitted since the last annual
test. This can be done by checking the technical record or the operator’s certificate
of initial fitness (PSV 418) or carrying capacity authorisation (PSV445) or the seat
belt inspection form SB1 or SB2.
The SB1 form is used to certify that a seat belt installation check was carried out
using the criteria in this manual, the SB2 form is used to certify that a seat belt
anch0rage check was carried out using documentary evidence of a pull test or the
enhanced visual installation check. If fitted before the 01st November 2002 carry
out standard installation check.
If fitted after 1 November 2002 it will be necessary to submit a VTP5 notifiable
alteration form (inform the presenter using form VTP57). The operator/presenter
will have to provide evidence to a Certifying Officer that the installation has been
subjected to a pull test or will have to have a Certifying Officer carry out a
satisfactory visual check to the enhanced requirements. Following a satisfactory
check a form SB2 will be issued showing the number of seats fitted with belts.
A test certificate should be refused if there is no SB2 form or other evidence that
the seat belt anchorages have been checked under deficiency 11(w).
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Seat Belt Installation Check - Exempt Vehicles
Ford Transits with type approved seat belt installations can be identified as follows:
•
12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 seat (including the driver) Transits manufactured after 1 October
1991 where the fourth character of the VIN Number is “E”.
•
17 seat (including the driver) Transits where there is a six-figure code EJA *CL or EJJ *CL
marked in the box on the top right hand of the manufacturer’s plate (in the type code box).
In the code the fourth digit marked * may be any character.
LDV 200 & 400 series models with type approved seat belt installations can be identified as
follows:
•
chassis number from 933478 onwards and the seventh character of the VIN number is “S”.
LDV Pilot and Convoy models with type approved seat belt installations can be identified as
follows:
•
chassis number from 000001 onwards and the seventh character of the VIN number is “S”,
“X”, or “Z”.
LDV Maxus models with type approved seat belt installations can be identified as follows:
•
the 7th digit of the VIN number should be a either a ‘6’ or ‘X’
Mellor bodied Renault Masters which have been issued with a PSV Certificate of Conformity
(PSV 408) in place of a Certificate of Initial Fitness. This can be checked on the vehicle’s
technical record.
Berkhof bodied coaches – Excellence 3000, Axial 30, 50 and 70 and Radial model coaches with
body numbers from 2852 onwards.
Information on other makes will be circulated when it becomes available.
Important note: To be exempt from the check vehicles must have been fitted with the seat
belt installation by the vehicle manufacturer when new. If you are aware that a vehicle with
a chassis number shown above has had any seats / seat belts fitted by any other installer,
e.g. where it has been adapted to carry wheelchairs and has removable seats on tracking,
it will not be exempt and will require an installation check.
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03 Seat Belts & Supplementary Restraint Systems
Obligatory belts
Minibuses with 9-12 passenger seats and with unladen weight not exceeding 2540kg first used
before 1 October 1988:
Date of first use
Seat position
Type of belt
From 1 January 1965 to 31
Driver’s and any specified
Three-point adult belt or body
March 1982
passenger’s seat
restraining belt
From 1 April 1982 to 30
Driver’s and any specified
Three-point adult belt
September 1988
passenger’s seat
Minibuses (not exceeding 3500 kg design gross weight) and coaches first used from 1 October
1988 until 30 September 2001:
Seat position
Minibus not exceeding 3500kg
design gross weight.
Coach
Driver’s
Three-point adult belt.
Must be able to be locked and
released by a single action.
(Exempt for disabled drivers.)
Three-point adult belt or lap
belt designed for an adult or a
disabled persons belt.
Must be able to be locked and
released by a single action.
(Exempt for disabled drivers.)
Specified Passenger’s
Three-point adult belt.
If alongside the driver must
lock and release with a single
action.
Any other foremost forward-
facing front
Three-point adult belt or lap
belt designed for an adult.
Three-point adult belt or lap
belt designed for an adult or a
disabled persons belt
Other forward facing (not
protected by high backed
seats) and crew seats
Three-point adult belt or lap
belt designed for an adult or a
disabled persons belt
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03 Seat Belts & Supplementary Restraint Systems
Buses, coaches and minibuses first used from 1 October 2001 which are not authorised to carry
standing passengers:
A harness belt may be used as an alternative to a three point or lap belt. The requirement for a
buckle to lock with a single action does not apply to harness belts.
Seat position
Not exceeding 3500kg design
gross weight
Exceeding 3500kg design
gross weight
All forward and rearward
facing seats including the
driver’s seat
An inertia reel 3-point belt or
A retractable lap belt (on
rearward facing seats only) or
A disabled person’s belt or
A child restraint
Seat belts for the driver and
specified passenger alongside
the driver must be able to be
locked and released by a single
action.
(Exemption for a disabled
person’s belt)
An inertia reel 3-point belt or
A retractable lap belt or
A disabled person’s belt or
A child restraint
Buses
Seat belts for the driver and
specified passenger alongside
the driver must be able to be
locked and released by a
single action.
(Exemption for a disabled
person’s belt)
Coaches
Driver’s seat belt must be able
to be locked and released with
a single action
(Exemption for a disabled
person’s belt)
On vehicles constructed
for the secure transport of
prisoners the driver’s seat
and any seat for front seat
passengers
An inertia reel 3-point belt
Seat belts for the driver and
specified passenger alongside
the driver must be able to be
locked and released by a single
action
(Exemption for a disabled
person’s belt)
An inertia reel 3-point belt
Seat belts for the driver and
specified passenger alongside
the driver must be able to be
locked and released by a
single action
(Exemption for a disabled
person’s belt)
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03 Seat Belts & Supplementary Restraint Systems
Diagram 1 - Typical Methods of attaching seat belts
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03 Seat Belts & Supplementary Restraint Systems
Diagram 2 – Example of a typical clamp bracket
Diagram 3 – Wooden frame with a metal base (rear view)
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03 Seat Belts & Supplementary Restraint Systems
Diagram 7 – Quick release seat examples
Diagram 8 – Typical angled Claw fitting
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03 Seat Belts & Supplementary Restraint Systems
Diagram 9 – Typical parallel Claw fitting
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Obligatory Seat Belt (see table in the application section):
a.
missing.
Major
b.
of an incorrect type.
Major
2
Anchorages:
a. (i)
with excessive corrosion, serious deterioration or a fracture in
a load bearing member of the vehicle structure within 30cm of
the anchorage (where a seat belt is attached to a seat frame
this will apply to all seat mounting points).
Major
(ii) with excessive corrosion, serious deterioration or a fracture in
a load bearing member of the vehicle structure within 30cm of
the anchorage (where a seat belt is attached to a seat frame
this will apply to all seat mounting points) and is likely to
detach.
Dangerous*
b.
a seat belt not securely fixed to the seat or to the vehicle
structure.
Major
3
Locking mechanism, Stalks, Retracting Mechanism and
fittings:
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05 Exhaust Emissions
Application
This inspection applies to all Compression Ignition engine vehicles.
Vehicles first used before 1 January 1980 will be subject to a visual examination only, see item 2 in
Procedure & Standard and Deficiency sections for more details.
For Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) see ninth bullet point below.
This inspection applies to all Spark Ignition engine vehicles; all are subject to a visual assessment
with vehicles used from 1 August 1975 being subject to a visual and metered test using an approved
and calibrated exhaust gas analyser to determine the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide content.
For CNG fuelled vehicles, only the CO is to be measured. For vehicles first used from 1 August
1994 the Lambda reading must be assessed.
The inspection of the engine MIL
applies to petrol and diesel fuelled vehicles first used from
1 July 2008. The engine emission system (EES) MIL
is only part of the test where a vehicle
is not fitted with the commonly recognised engine MIL.
The engine MIL inspection does not apply to dual fuelled vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
Compression Ignition Engines
• Exhaust emissions must be tested using an approved and calibrated smoke meter.
• Only in exceptional circumstances where it is not possible to use a smoke meter will
a visual check be carried out (visual tests will not apply to Fast Pass or vehicles
submitted for Low Emission Testing).
• If the exhaust has been deliberately modified to prevent the smoke meter from being
used a VTP 12 must be issued refusing to complete the test because the exhaust smoke
emissions test cannot be carried out.
• Twin exhaust systems, with or without a balance pipe - Both systems must be
individually tested for smoke emissions. It may be necessary to purge the exhaust system
again prior to the second check.
• Supercharged engines should be tested by selecting the non-turbocharged option on the
smoke meter.
• The test procedure for turbocharged and non-turbocharged engines is the same.
• It is not normally sufficient to run the engine with the vehicle stationary to warm it up to
temperature, so the emissions should be tested as soon as possible after the vehicle
arrives at the test site.
• With some types of smoke meter care must be taken to ensure that the probe is correctly
aligned to the exhaust gas flow (reference to meter manufacturer’s instruction may be
necessary).
• HEVs do not require a metered smoke test or a visual smoke test. However, if during the
test excessive smoke is observed, this will be a deficiency under item 2b.
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05 Exhaust Emissions
Some smoke meters (DSM) may fail to trigger a reading when testing modern vehicles fitted
with low emission diesel engines which produce very low levels of smoke. If the smoke meter
does not register a reading or shows an error reading, then irrespective of whether the DSM
produces a printout a record of this must be made and produced on the test documentation.
Where the DSM will not produce a printout, the record must state that the emissions limits were
tested and met but the DSM could not register the reading.
If a vehicle fails the test because the exhaust is holed the emissions must be rechecked when
the vehicle is retested.
Remember to issue a printout.
1.
Free acceleration test using smoke meter
1a.
i. Check that the engine is at or near normal operating temperature.
ii. Purge the inlet and exhaust systems fully by holding the engine speed steady at just below
maximum governed speed for 30 seconds.
iii. Select the appropriate test programme on the smoke meter.
iv. Follow the meter prompts; depress the accelerator pedal quickly but not violently, to reach
full fuel position in less than 1 second. Hold it there until a release prompt is given. If, at the
end of the 1st acceleration, the smoke meter value is no more than the appropriate opacity
limit required for the vehicle, it will be deemed to have met the test limit.
v. After the first acceleration read the smoke level displayed on the meter. If it is greater than
the opacity limit for the vehicle, further accelerations will be required up to a maximum of
six.
1b.
Assess visually whether the smoke emitted from the exhaust regardless of the measured
density, is likely to obscure the vision of other road users.
2. Visual emission test
2a.
i. Only in exceptional circumstances where it is not possible to use a smoke meter will a
visual check be carried out. The visual test is only to be used when it is not possible to use
the smoke meter or where risk to health and safety would arise. The procedure is the same
for supercharged, turbocharged and non-turbocharged engines.
ii. With the engine at or near normal operating temperature check the density of the exhaust
emission visually.
iii. Ask the driver to depress the accelerator pedal quickly but not violently, to reach full fuel
position in less than 1 second. Immediately release when the engine reaches its maximum
governed speed, allow the engine to return to idle speed.
iv. Ignore smoke from the first acceleration.
v. Repeat up to a maximum of six times if necessary, until the exhaust smoke is considered to
be acceptable for two successive accelerations.
2b.
Assess whether the smoke emitted from the exhaust, regardless of the measured density,
is likely to obscure the vision of other road users.
NOTE: The criterion is density and not volume of smoke. The description ‘dense smoke’
includes any smoke or vapour which largely obscures vision.
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05 Exhaust Emissions
Manufacturer’s plate value means either the value displayed on the VIN plate or a separate
plate or sticker, which is likely to be within the engine compartment. The plate or sticker may be
marked 24 R followed by a number to indicate the smoke limit (such as 0.24 in the example
below). It’s usually displayed in a box and often positioned in a corner of the VIN plate. The plate
value must be used where available and may be of a value lower or higher than the default value.
Where more than one manufacturer’s plate value is shown on a vehicle the less onerous limit
must be used.
Generally, the engine MIL takes the form of the commonly recognised engine symbol
.
However, some vehicles may only have been manufactured with an EES lamp
in which case
this would be subject to test. Examiners must be certain that a deficiency exists before applying
deficiency 7.
Where a vehicle is fitted with an engine MIL any illumination of the EES lamp is to be disregarded.
For all vehicles check the presence and condition of any emission control systems fitted as
standard.
Spark Ignition Engines
1. Visual Check (all Spark Ignition engined vehicles).
Ensure that the engine is at normal idling speed and operating temperature and is not subject to
significant electrical loading. An Assistant may apply light throttle pedal pressure if the engine will
not idle.
Raise the engine speed to around 2500rpm or half engine speed if this is lower and hold steady
for 20 seconds to purge the exhaust system. Allow the engine speed to return to idle and allow
the emissions to stabilise.
Assess the colour of the exhaust smoke.
2. Exhaust Gas Analyser Test (all Spark Ignition engine vehicles used from 1 August 1975)
Follow the analyser manufacturer’s instructions and carry out the full test procedure to determine
the proportions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) and Lambda reading where
appropriate.
On LPG vehicles the HC result obtained must be divided by the PEF (propane/hexane
equivalency factor) marked on the analyser to obtain the figure required to assess the test result.
Some machines do this automatically.
Residual hydrocarbons, which are indicated by the analyser when it is sampling clean air, must be
deducted from the HC reading for the vehicle.
If a vehicle meets the CO requirement at its normal idling speed but fails the HC check, recheck
the HC level at a high idle speed of 2000rpm. If the HC reading is then 1200ppm or less, the
vehicle will have met the CO and HC requirements. Light pedal pressure should be used to
achieve the high idle speed. Cold start/cold running devices must not be used.
Some vehicles give unstable readings due to their fuel system design. Before failing a limit must
have been exceeded constantly for at least 5 seconds.
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05 Exhaust Emissions
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
Compression Ignition Engines
1
Statutory Smoke Meter Test:
a.
After a total of six accelerations have been completed, the
average smoke opacity recorded for accelerations 4, 5 and 6 is
more than:
For vehicles used before 1 July 2008:
i.
The level specified by the manufacturer’s plate or
2.5m-1 for non-turbocharged engines where the plate
value is not available.
ii.
The level specified by the manufacturer’s plate or
3.0m-1 for turbocharged engines where the plate value
is not available.
For vehicles first used from 1 July 2008:
iii.
The level specified by the manufacturer’s plate or
1.5m-1 for all CI engines where the plate value is not
available.
For vehicles first used from 1 January 2014:
iv.
The level specified by the manufacturer’s plate or
0.7m-1 for all CI engines where the plate value is not
available.
Major
b.
The exhaust emits excessive smoke or vapour of any colour, to
an extent likely to obscure vision.
Dangerous
2
Statutory Visual Test:
a.
After a maximum of six accelerations, the exhaust emits smoke
of a level greater than that of equivalent metered levels.
Major
b.
The exhaust emits excessive smoke or vapour of any colour, to
an extent likely to obscure vision.
Dangerous
Spark Ignition Engines
3
Visual check:
a.
The engine is idling at a speed clearly above the normal idling
speed.
Major
b.
The exhaust emits dense blue or clearly visible black smoke for
a continuous period of 5 seconds at idling speed.
Dangerous*
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Public Service Vehicle Inspection Manual
06 Road Wheels and Hubs
Application
This inspection applies to all road wheels and hubs apart from spare wheels.
Procedure and Standards
Where possible wheel nuts will be lightly tapped with a hammer to check for looseness, but
any other evidence such as rust marks or elongation of bolt/stud holes must also be taken into
account.
A nut or stud is considered to be “loose” if it is not obviously carrying out its function of
clamping the wheel to the hub/wheel flange.
With some vehicles it is not possible to see the road wheels completely from ground level,
especially with twin wheels and where the body hides part of the wheels. In such cases the
vehicle must be moved to expose hidden parts of the wheels or examined from underneath.
Whenever possible, presenters should remove wheel embellishers; remove visual security
indicators, if they prevent a full examination. Where this cannot be accomplished, continue to
inspect the vehicle and a record must be made on the test documentation to state that the
embellishers were not removed.
A 'wheel flange' is a component which is positioned between the road wheel and the hub which
contains the wheel studs.
Capacity Limitations of 11.75 x 22.5 Alcoa Aluminium Wheels.
Wheels with the part number 813520/813523 may be stamped on the inside of the wheel,
opposite the valve, with a maximum load rating of 4250kg or 4500kg and those with part number
813530/813533 with a rating of 4500kg. It has been agreed that wheels with these part numbers
and maximum load ratings are suitable for a maximum axle weight of 9150kg.
Kronprinz wheels fitted to the Dennis range of vehicles specifically the Trident 2 and the Enviro
400 identified by an ‘X’ as the 12th character of the VIN, are capable of carrying higher loads than
those shown on the wheels. The wheels can be identified by the following markings on the wheel
face:
848MGF and 848SAF
148/145
149/145
KpZ
KpZ
The 148 and 149 indexes in single configuration are normally only good for 6300kg and 6500kg
respectively. Kronprinz have informed DVSA that these wheels are actually good for 7100kg and
7500kg respectively. If you come across these wheels at annual test please be aware of the
increase in weight.
Capacity limitation of a wheel marked with a load index
If a wheel is marked with a load index which indicates that the maximum load is lower than is
required to support the axle load, this will be a deficiency under 2.f.
Wheels not marked with a load index or load marking must be assumed to be capable of
carrying the axle weight.
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06 Road Wheels and Hubs
Compatibility of Wheel Fixings
Vehicles with conical wheel fixings MUST NOT be fitted with wheels from vehicles designed
for use with spherical fixings. (British built vehicles normally have conical wheel fixings).
Vehicles with spherical wheel fixings MUST NOT be fitted with wheels from vehicles which
are designed for use with conical fixings.
Volvo wheels of the original spigot-mounting design WILL NOT interchange with another
type. Volvo wheels designed for later type spigot mounting may be used in an emergency on
British built trailers.
Wheels with conical fixings MUST NOT be used on Volvo vehicles because they do not have
a machine centre bore to fit the hub.
Spigots must extend to the outer wheel where twin wheels are fitted.
Wheel trims should be removed where possible to aid inspection; however, wheel nuts and
studs must not be removed to check compatibility. Deficiency 2c only applies where obvious
evidence exists that a wheel is not compatible with its hub and/or fixings.
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06 Road Wheels and Hubs
2
A wheel:
a.
(i)
with any visible elongation of a stud hole.
Major
(ii)
with any visible elongation of a stud hole where secure
fixing of the wheel is affected.
Dangerous
b.
(i)
badly damaged or distorted (including damaged by the
corners of a wheel nut cutting into the material of the
wheel).
Major
(ii) badly damaged or distorted (including damaged by the
corners of a wheel nut cutting into the material of the
wheel) where secure fixing of the wheel is affected.
Dangerous
c.
not compatible with its fixings.
Major
d.
cracked (except at the bridge over the valve), weld
breaking away or an inadequate repair.
Dangerous*
e.
made of aluminium alloy repaired by welding.
Major
f.
with a load rating less than that required to support the
maximum permissible (GB) axle load.
Major
3
A hub:
a.
(i)
cracked, badly damaged, or with a half shaft or wheel
flange bolt, stud or nut loose or missing.
Major
(ii)
cracked, badly damaged, or with half shaft bolts or wheel
flange bolts, studs or nuts loose or missing where secure
fixing of the wheel is affected.
Dangerous
b.
with clearance between a spigot mounted wheel and the
hub spigots that exceeds 3mm across the diameter.
Major
c.
(i)
with a wheel retaining nut or stud missing or loose or
obviously not fulfilling the function of clamping the wheel to
the hub.
Major
(ii)
with multiple wheel retaining nuts or studs missing or loose
or obviously not fulfilling the function of clamping the wheel
to the hub.
Dangerous
d.
with a spigot wheel nut washer cracked.
Major
e.
with a wheel locating spigot or dowel missing.
Major
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Public Service Vehicle Inspection Manual
07 Size and Type of Tyres
01/06/2024 1 of 9 Document Uncontrolled When Printed
Application
This inspection applies to all tyres, apart from spare tyres.
Procedure and Standards
The use markings most likely to be encountered are 'FRT' which indicates that the tyre is not
suitable for use on a driven axle or front steered axle. Tyres marked 'TRAILER USE ONLY' are only
suitable for use on trailers, some tyres may be branded for a recommended use while still suitable
for other applications. Tyres marked with a direction arrow pointing in the wrong direction should not
be refused.
Tyres are usually identified by their nominal section size followed by the rim diameter e.g.
10.00-20,750-16, etc (the majority of modern tyres carry millimetric markings e.g. 205-16 etc).
For identification of sidewall markings refer to the diagram at the end of this section. All tyres on
an axle must be of the same nominal size. If a tyre is dual marked one of the markings must be
the same as the markings on the other tyres on the axle.
There are still a number of high load capacity tyres in use which are marked with a code to
indicate the tyre size and capacity e.g. a 10.00-20 16 ply tyre may be marked D20 or 4-20 (a full list
of these tyres is given at Table 1).
If tyres marked with a load capacity index are fitted the maximum permissible axle Load for
normal use can be found in Table 2 at the end of this section. The Load Index (LI) may consist of
one or two numbers e.g. 154 or 146/143. Where two numbers are displayed the first refers to the
use of the tyre in single formation and the second in twin formation. Reference to the table shows
that the maximum loads for this tyre are 6000kg in single formation and 10900 in twin formation.
If a load index is not shown the carrying capacity of a tyre can be determined from the Ply
Rating. The load capacity of ply rated tyres is shown at Table 3. If no ply rating can be found on
the tyre it should be assumed to have the lowest load capacity listed for that size of tyre.
This information relates to tyres used without any restriction. There are two other categories of
vehicle use which allow tyres to be operated at lower speeds and higher loads. These are Local
Service Bus and Restricted Speed Vehicle (i.e. a vehicle displaying a 50 plate), both of which are
restricted to a maximum speed of 50 mph.
SPEED SYMBOLS
The speed capability is represented by a letter which is displayed adjacent to the LI marking e.g.
146/143J. This indicates the speed at which the tyre can carry the load(s) indicated by the LI
marking(s). In the above example the tyres carry a load of 6000/10900kg at 62mph.
The minimum required speed ratings are:
OF VEHICLE
PERMITTED SPEED
(MPH)
MINIMUM SPEED
SYMBOL
Any bus not exceeding 12 metres in length other
than a “Local Service Bus” or a “Restricted
speed vehicle” CLASS
70
L
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07 Size and Type of Tyres
Axle 1
Axle 2
Cross-ply
Bias-belted
Cross-ply
Radial
Bias-belted
Radial
This does not apply to an axle on which wide single tyres with a road contact width of more than
300mm are fitted.
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07 Size and Type of Tyres
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] | [
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07 Size and Type of Tyres
TABLE 4 MAX AXLE LOADS FOR “UNRESTRICTED” SPEED VEHICLES
Tyre load
Trailers permitted to exceed 50mph
Motor vehicles permitted to exceed 60mph
Index
(up to 60mph)
(up to 70mph)
Speed Symbol
Speed Symbol
Speed Symbol
Speed Symbol
F (-15%)
G (-5%)
J (-7%)
K (-3%)
Single Kg
Dual Kg
Single Kg
Dual Kg
Single Kg
Dual Kg
Single Kg
Dual Kg
70
570
1140
640
1280
630
1250
650
1300
71
590
1180
660
1320
650
1290
670
1340
72
610
1210
680
1350
660
1330
690
1380
73
630
1250
700
1390
680
1360
710
1420
74
640
1280
720
1430
700
1400
730
1460
75
660
1320
740
1480
720
1440
760
1510
76
680
1360
760
1520
750
1490
780
1560
77
700
1410
790
1570
770
1540
800
1600
78
730
1450
810
1620
800
1590
830
1650
79
750
1490
830
1670
820
1630
850
1700
80
770
1530
860
1710
840
1680
880
1750
81
790
1580
880
1760
860
1720
900
1800
82
810
1620
910
1810
890
1770
930
1850
83
830
1660
930
1860
910
1820
950
1890
84
850
1700
950
1900
930
1860
970
1940
85
880
1760
980
1960
960
1920
1000
2000
86
910
1810
1010
2020
990
1980
1030
2060
87
930
1860
1040
2080
1020
2030
1060
2120
88
960
1910
1070
2130
1050
2090
1090
2180
89
990
1980
1110
2210
1080
2160
1130
2250
90
1020
2040
1140
2280
1120
2240
1170
2330
91
1050
2100
1170
2340
1150
2290
1200
2390
92
1080
2150
1200
2400
1180
2350
1230
2450
93
1110
2210
1240
2470
1210
2420
1270
2530
94
1140
2280
1280
2550
1250
2500
1300
2600
95
1180
2350
1320
2630
1290
2570
1340
2680
96
1210
2420
1350
2700
1330
2650
1380
2760
97
1250
2490
1390
2780
1360
2720
1420
2840
98
1280
2550
1430
2850
1400
2790
1460
2910
99
1320
2640
1480
2950
1450
2890
1510
3010
100
1360
2720
1520
3040
1490
2980
1560
3110
101
1410
2810
1570
3140
1540
3070
1610
3210
102
1450
2890
1620
3230
1590
3170
1650
3300
103
1490
2980
1670
3330
1630
3260
1700
3400
104
1530
3060
1710
3420
1680
3350
1750
3500
105
1580
3150
1760
3520
1730
3450
1800
3590
106
1620
3230
1810
3610
1770
3540
1850
3690
107
1660
3320
1860
3710
1820
3630
1900
3790
108
1700
3400
1900
3800
1860
3720
1940
3880
109
1760
3510
1960
3920
1920
3840
2000
4000
110
1810
3610
2020
4030
1980
3950
2060
4120
111
1860
3710
2080
4150
2030
4060
2120
4230
112
1910
3810
2130
4260
2090
4170
2180
4350
113
1960
3910
2190
4370
2140
4280
2240
4470
114
2010
4020
2250
4580
2200
4390
2290
4580
115
2070
4140
2310
4620
2260
4520
2360
4720
116
2130
4250
2380
4750
2330
4650
2430
4850
117
2190
4370
2450
4890
2390
4780
2500
4990
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07 Size and Type of Tyres
TABLE 4 (continued) MAX AXLE LOADS FOR “UNRESTRICTED” SPEED VEHICLES
Tyre load
Trailers permitted to exceed 50mph
Motor vehicles permitted to exceed 60mph
Index
(up to 60mph)
(up to 70mph)
Speed Symbol
Speed Symbol
Speed Symbol
Speed Symbol
F (-15%)
G (-5%)
J (-7%)
K (-3%)
Single Kg
Dual Kg
Single Kg
Dual Kg
Single Kg
Dual Kg
Single Kg
Dual Kg
118
2250
4490
2510
5020
2460
4910
2570
5130
119
2320
4630
2590
5170
2530
5060
2640
5280
120
2380
4760
2660
5320
2610
5210
2720
5440
121
2470
4930
2760
5510
2700
5400
2820
5626
122
2550
5100
2850
5700
2790
5580
2910
5820
123
2640
5270
2950
5890
2890
5770
3010
6020
124
2720
5440
3040
6080
2980
5960
3110
6210
125
2810
5610
3140
6270
3070
6140
3210
6410
126
2890
5780
3230
6460
3170
6330
3300
6600
127
2980
5950
3330
6650
3260
6510
3400
6790
128
3060
6120
3420
6840
3350
6700
3500
6990
129
3150
6290
3520
7030
3450
6890
3590
7180
130
3230
6460
3610
7220
3540
7070
3690
7380
131
3320
6630
3710
7410
3630
7260
3790
7570
132
3400
6800
3800
7600
3720
7440
3880
7760
133
3510
7010
3920
7830
3840
7670
4000
8000
134
3610
7210
4030
8060
3950
7890
4120
8230
135
3710
7420
4150
8290
4060
8110
4230
8460
136
3810
7620
4260
8520
4170
8340
4350
8700
137
3910
7820
4370
8740
4280
8560
4470
8930
138
4020
8030
4490
8970
4390
8780
4580
9160
139
4140
8270
4620
9240
4520
9040
4720
9430
140
4250
8500
4750
9500
4650
9300
4850
9700
141
4380
8760
4900
9790
4790
9580
5000
10000
142
4510
9010
5040
10070
4930
9860
5150
10290
143
4640
9270
5180
10360
5070
10140
5290
10580
144
4760
9520
5320
10640
5210
10420
5420
10870
145
4930
9860
5510
11020
5400
10790
5630
11260
146
5100
10200
5700
11400
5580
11160
5820
11640
147
5230
10460
5850
11690
5720
11440
5970
11940
148
5360
10710
5990
11970
5860
11720
6120
12230
149
5530
11050
6180
12350
6050
12090
6310
12610
150
5700
11390
6370
12730
6240
12470
6500
13000
151
5870
11730
6560
13110
6420
12840
6700
13390
152
6040
12070
6750
13490
6610
13210
6890
13780
153
6210
12140
6940
13870
6790
13580
7090
14170
154
6380
12750
7130
14250
6980
13950
7280
14550
155
6590
13180
7370
14730
7210
14420
7520
15040
156
6800
13600
7600
15200
7440
14880
7760
15520
157
7020
14030
7840
15680
7680
15350
8010
16010
158
7230
14450
8080
16150
7910
15810
8250
16490
159
7440
14880
8320
16630
8140
16280
8490
16980
160
7650
15300
8550
17100
8370
16740
8730
17460
161
7870
15730
8790
17580
8610
17210
8980
17950
162
8080
16150
9030
18050
8840
17670
9220
18430
163
8290
16580
9270
18530
9070
18140
9460
18920
164
8500
17000
9500
19000
9300
18600
9700
19400
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Public Service Vehicle Inspection Manual
07 Size and Type of Tyres
TABLE 4 (continued) MAX AXLE LOADS FOR “UNRESTRICTED” SPEED VEHICLES
Tyre load
Trailers permitted to exceed 50mph
Motor vehicles permitted to exceed 60mph
Index
(up to 60mph)
(up to 70mph)
Speed Symbol
Speed Symbol
Speed Symbol
Speed Symbol
F (-15%)
G (-5%)
J (-7%)
K (-3%)
Single Kg
Dual Kg
Single Kg
Dual Kg
Single Kg
Dual Kg
Single Kg
Dual Kg
165
8760
17510
9790
19570
9580
19160
10000
19990
166
9010
18020
10070
20140
9860
19720
10290
20570
167
9270
18530
70360
20710
10140
20280
10580
21150
168
9520
19040
10640
21280
10420
20840
10870
21730
169
9860
19720
11020
22040
10790
21580
11260
22510
170
10200
20400
11400
22800
11160
22320
11640
23280
171
10460
20910
11690
23370
11440
22880
11940
23870
172
10710
21420
11970
23940
11720
23440
12230
24450
173
11050
22100
12350
24700
12090
24180
12610
25220
174
11390
22780
12730
25460
12470
24930
13000
26000
175
11730
23460
13110
26220
12840
25670
13390
26780
176
12070
24140
13490
26980
13210
26420
13780
27550
177
12410
24820
13870
27740
13580
27160
14170
28330
178
12750
25500
14250
28500
13950
27900
14550
29100
179
13180
26350
14730
29450
14420
28830
15040
30070
REPRODUCED BY COURTESY OF THE BRITISH RUBBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
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07 Size and Type of Tyres
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A tyre:
a. (i)
of which the nominal size, ply rating, load index or speed rating of
any tyre is below that appropriate for the axle weight.
Major
(ii) of which the nominal size, ply rating, load index or speed rating of
any tyre is below that appropriate for the axle weight and is loaded
at least 10% in excess of the tyre load index/ply rating.
Dangerous
b.
which has a tyre use marking inappropriate for the type of axle or
vehicle to which it is fitted.
Major
c.
of a different nominal size to another on the same axle.
Major
d.
of a different structure to another on the same axle.
Dangerous*
e.
on a steerable axle which is not of the same structure as any other
tyre on any steerable axle.
Dangerous*
f.
on a driven axle which is not of the same structure as any other tyre
on any driven axle.
Dangerous*
2
On a two-axle motor vehicle fitted with single tyres on both axles a
combination of tyres with structures which are not shown as
acceptable in the table.
Dangerous*
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08 Condition of Tyres
Application
The examination for tyre condition applies to all tyres apart from spare tyres.
The check for tyre age code markings will apply to all axles on all vehicles.
Tyre age will only be assessed on front steered axles and rear axles on minibuses with a single
wheel fitment (including multiple axle configurations with single wheel fitment).
Procedure and standards
Lifting of the tread rubber is a deficiency.
If a portion of the tread material is partially severed so that it is likely to fly off and cause
danger for other road users is a deficiency.
The following criteria should be used when assessing a cut in a tyre:
1. Any ply or cord that can be seen without touching the tyre would be a deficiency under 1c.
2. If by folding back rubber or opening a cut with a blunt instrument, so as not to cause further
damage, exposed ply or cord can be seen irrespective of the size of the cut this would be a
deficiency under 1c.
3. If a cut which is more than 25mm or 10% of the section width whichever is the greater, is
opened with a blunt instrument and cords can be felt but not seen this would be a
deficiency under 1a.
Before failing a cut as listed in 3 above, you must ensure that it is definitely the cords that are felt
and not a foreign object.
When checking bulges care must be taken to distinguish between bulges caused by separation
or partial failure of the structure and the bulges which are due to normal manufacturing
undulations in the tyre or due to a satisfactory repair. A bulge due to a repair will be solid, feeling
firm to hand pressure and will not deflect as would a bulge associated with casing separation.
Recapped tyres may show unbonded surplus rubber at the tyre shoulder which may give the
appearance of tread separation, this is not a deficiency.
When checking any tyre that appears to have been recut to determine whether it has been
recut to the manufacturers recut tread pattern. It is often difficult to identify tyres which have been
skilfully recut, but extra care should be taken to check for exposure of the ply or cord at the
bottom of the grooves.
Recut tyres can only be fitted to motor vehicles with an unladen weight of 2540kg or more and to
trailers with an unladen weight of more than 1020kg.
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08 Condition of Tyres
Note: The original tread pattern means:
• On a re-treaded tyre the tread pattern immediately after the tyre was retreaded.
• On a recut tyre the manufacturer’s recut tread pattern.
• On a partly recut tyre, the part which has been recut the manufacturer’s recut tread
pattern, on the other part the tread pattern when new.
• On any other tyre the tread pattern of the tyre when new.
When checking the tread pattern, the "Breadth of Tread" is to be taken as that part of the tyre
which can contact the road, under normal use, measured across the tyre.
The following should be disregarded when deciding which grooves need to be checked in regard
to the "original tread pattern".
• Grooves which wear out before the main grooves are worn.
• Other minor features such as sipes, small lateral extensions to the circumferential
grooves and minor lateral grooving on the shoulders.
Minimum tread depths for passenger vehicles constructed or adapted to carry more than 8
seated passengers
The following diagrams show acceptable positions of the minimum tread depth band, for the
vehicles shown in the table above, which must be measured at right angles to the axis of the
wheel. Figures 1-4 show cambered wear and Figure 5 shows more detail of how the tread band is
measured.
Figure 6 shows that for certain cross-country tyres that may be necessary to accept that the band
of acceptable tread pattern may include a plain portion in the centre.
Figures (1), (2), (3) and (4) T= Breadth of Tread
¾ T = Minimum width of continuous band.
Minimum tread depth
1mm, excluding any tie bar or tread wear indicator
Position of minimum tread
depth band
Form a continuous band covering at least any 3/4 of the
breadth of the tread around the entire circumference
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08 Condition of Tyres
Fig (5)
In this case the lateral grooves are the same depth as the circumferential groove and are included
in the ¾ measurement.
The breadth of the tread is ‘T’.
The ¾ of ‘T’ measurement can be taken over ‘T’ as in figure 1 to 4.
Fig (6)
This tyre only has lateral grooving
The band of acceptable tread pattern includes the plain portion which existed when the tyre wall
was new. The remaining tread area should contain grooves to the depth of 1 mm.
If any tread wear indicator is level with corresponding tread, measure tread depth before
deciding if the tread is below the acceptable limit.
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08 Condition of Tyres
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A tyre:
a.
with a cut which is deep enough to reach the ply or cords, and
is more than 25mm long, or 10% of the section width,
whichever is greater.
Major
b.
with a lump, bulge or tear caused by separation or partial
failure of its structure, including any lifting of the tread rubber.
Dangerous
c.
with exposed ply or cord.
Dangerous*
d.
(i)
rubbing on any part of the vehicle.
Minor
(ii)
fouling on any part of the vehicle and safe driving not
impaired.
Major
(iii) fouling on any part of the vehicle and safe driving is impaired.
Dangerous
e.
incorrectly seated on its wheel.
Major
f.
obviously underinflated.
Minor
g.
where the base of any groove of the original tread pattern is
not clearly visible.
Major
h.
where the minimum tread depth and tread band requirements
are not met.
Dangerous*
i.
in excess of ten years of age fitted to any front steered axle or
any axle on a minibus with a single wheel fitment.
Dangerous
j.
with a date of manufacture code illegible or not displayed:
(i)
on any axle (excluding a front steered axle or any axle on a
minibus with single wheel fitment).
Minor
(ii)
to any front steered axle or any axle on a minibus with single
wheel fitment.
Major
2
A recut tyre
a.
fitted to a vehicle which should not have one.
Major
b.
on which the wholly or partly recut tread pattern is not to the
manufacturer’s recut tread pattern
Major
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10 Spare Wheel & Carrier
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles fitted with a spare wheel or carrier.
Procedure and Standards
Check the spare wheel for positioning and security.
Check the spare wheel carrier for positioning, condition and security.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A spare wheel carrier:
(i)
not in proper condition.
Minor
(ii)
insecure, damaged or incorrectly positioned but not so that
either is likely to fall from the vehicle.
Major
(iii)
so insecure, damaged or positioned that either is likely to fall
from the vehicle.
Dangerous*
2
A spare wheel:
(i)
insecure or incorrectly positioned but not so that it is likely to
fall from the vehicle.
Major
(ii)
so insecure or positioned that it is likely to fall from the vehicle
or cause damage to the electrical wiring, other vehicle
components or passenger luggage, or is likely to injure
occupants.
Dangerous*
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11 Vehicle to Trailer Coupling
Application
This examination applies to all articulated buses and to all buses fitted with a trailer coupling.
Procedure and Standards
The inspection is limited to those parts which can be seen without dismantling or uncoupling.
There is no requirement to lift trapdoors or remove floor sections for this inspection. Visible signs
of abnormal movement adjacent to the turntable should be taken as evidence of excessive wear
in an operating member.
Pleats of bellows should be spread using hand pressure for inspection.
There is no requirement to remove retaining fixings.
Buses fitted with a trailer coupling
If the vehicle has a coupled trailer it must not be uncoupled.
Wear in a pin, hitch or hook should be regarded as excessive if the thickness of the metal at
any point is reduced to 3/4 of the original thickness.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
Articulated buses
1
Coupling articulating bracket, operating member or
safety device:
a.
(i)
insecure.
Major
(ii)
insecure to such an extent that detachment is likely.
Dangerous*
b.
(i)
excessively worn.
Major
(ii)
excessively worn with obvious risk of detachment.
Dangerous*
c.
(i)
load bearing member cracked or fractured (no trailer
Major
attached).
(ii)
load bearing member cracked or fractured (trailer attached).
Dangerous*
2
Bellows:
a.
(i)
insecure.
Major
(ii) insecure to such an extent that detachment is likely.
Dangerous*
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11 Vehicle to Trailer Coupling
b.
so damaged or deteriorated that injury to passengers or
other persons is likely.
Dangerous*
3
Turntable floor:
a.
(i)
insecure.
Major
(ii) insecure to such an extent that detachment is likely.
Dangerous*
b.
covering in such a condition that it could cause slipping or
tripping.
Major
Buses fitted with a trailer coupling
4
A drawing hitch, bar, hook, eye, ball or ball socket:
a.
(i)
excessively worn.
Major
(ii)
excessively worn with obvious risk of detachment.
Dangerous*
b.
(i)
seriously deformed or modified impairing its effectiveness
and or weakens the component (no trailer attached).
Major
(ii) seriously deformed or modified impairing its effectiveness
and or weakens the component (trailer attached).
Dangerous*
c.
(i)
cracked or fractured (no trailer attached).
Major
(ii) cracked or fractured (trailer attached).
Dangerous*
d.
(i)
insecure.
Major
(ii) is insecure to such an extent that detachment is likely.
Dangerous*
e.
has a missing, damaged, inoperative and or inadequate
safety or locking device or any coupling indicator inoperative.
Major
5
(i)
Any mechanical coupling or towing device with an unsafe
modification to it secondary parts.
Major
(ii)
Any mechanical coupling or towing device with an unsafe
modification to it primary parts.
Dangerous*
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16 Passenger Doors, Driver Doors and Emergency Exits
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles and includes:
•
all drivers and passenger doors including “continental doors” (for use when coaches are
driven on the right hand side of the road).
•
all emergency exits including crew emergency exits where there is separate crew
accommodation.
Procedure and standards
On Bus Directive and ECE Regulation vehicles there may not be a primary emergency exit
if the vehicle has two service doors and on Bus Directive vehicles the primary emergency exit
may be power operated. Floor hatches may be used as emergency exits on Bus Directive
vehicles.
For power operated emergency exits only the driver’s control will close the exit.
A driver’s door with one handle missing is acceptable provided that the door can be opened
by the remaining handle(s) from the inside and outside.
Pneumatic power operated doors should be operated 5 times to check that they consistently
open fully. If on one occasion the doors fail to open to their fullest extent, they should be operated
a further 5 times and if the doors fail to open fully on one further attempt this is to be considered a
deficiency. Ensure that sufficient air is available to allow this check to be carried out correctly.
Whilst carrying out the above, which should be done with the engine switched off, check, by
observing the air gauges, that the continued operation of air operated doors does not deplete the
braking system.
In general safety systems for preventing a passenger from being trapped are required on:
•
All schedule 6 minibuses.
•
Doors more than 500mm to the rear of the drivers seat on post 1 October 1990 vehicles
(other than minibuses). These doors must re-open.
•
On any power operated doors without a soft rubber edge large enough to prevent
passengers from being trapped.
Note. General safety systems do not apply in respect of power operated Emergency Doors.
For vehicles that require a door safety system check the system operates by applying a
resistance to the door edge in its operational cycle. Power operated doors will not stop or reopen
if they are almost closed. Ensure when checking there is no risk of entrapment or injury to the
examiner.
Where sliding doors are fitted the condition of runners, tracks and catches should be checked
in both the “open” and “closed” positions.
There is no requirement for the means of operation for a break glass window to be shown
on the outside of the bus.
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16 Passenger Doors, Driver Doors and Emergency Exits
There is no requirement to mark the exterior of a continental door where an alternative
seating plan renders it inaccessible.
Check that if an all over advert or film (e.g. tint/vandal film) has been fitted over a break glass
emergency exit, that a gap exists between the advert/film and the window frame or bonding
surface and that no mandatory markings are obscured or no longer contrast with background.
Door or emergency exit “open” warning devices must be fitted to:
•
Schedule 6 minibuses which do not have two stage slam locks.
•
Buses with more than 20 passenger seats which are certified for one person operation
and used on local services. A warning device must be fitted to each emergency door and
hinged emergency window which is outside the driver’s direct line of sight.
•
Any external door or hinged exit (including any emergency exit) which is outside the
driver's direct line of sight on a vehicle certified on or after 1 January 1997. This does not
apply to a door of a minibus if that door is fitted with a two-stage lock. This does not apply
to Bus Directive and ECE Regulation Vehicles.
•
“Continental doors”.
•
On any power operated door fitted more than 500mm behind the driver’s seat on a
vehicle registered after 1 October 1990. This must be a visual device.
•
On any emergency door or floor hatch on a Bus Directive or ECE regulation vehicle. This
must be an audible device.
•
On any hinged emergency window which is not clearly visible to the driver on a Bus
Directive or ECE regulation vehicle. This must be an audible device.
•
On any emergency control for a power operated door fitted to a Bus Directive or ECE
Regulation vehicle. This must be a visual and audible Device.
•
Service Doors on Bus Directive and ECE Regulation vehicles.
•
Automatically operated service doors on Bus Directive and ECE regulation vehicles.
The function of activating or deactivating may be done by either operating the door control
switches or by an independent switch.
For power operated doors fitted with safety systems to prevent passengers from being
trapped. If the vehicle has double leaf type doors the dimension where the doors should stop and
reopen should be taken for each door separately.
Break glass hammers enclosed behind glass do not require the glass shot blasted. The
requirement is that the glass is easily broken, however, if the glass is shot blasted this area
should be on the inside of the glass (deficiency 6).
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16 Passenger Doors, Driver Doors and Emergency Exits
Tethered break glass hammers are required to clear the minimum size for an emergency exit.
This size is 91cm x 53cm for a secondary exit and 70cm x 50cm with a minimum area of
4,000sq cm for an additional exit. For Bus Directive and ECE Regulation vehicles, this size is
60cm x 40cm with corners radiused to 20cm, for emergency windows in the rear face of the
vehicle, this size can alternatively be 140cm x 35cm with corners radiused by 17.5cm. If this is
not possible this is a deficiency (1b).
The exact wording/pictogram used for exit markings may vary but variations are acceptable
as long as it is clear that it is an emergency exit and the means of operation are present.
The minimum requirements for an emergency door, window or roof hatch are:
1. Primary or Secondary exit:
i)
the emergency exit shall be clearly marked as such inside and outside the vehicle.
ii)
the means of operation of the doors and hinged windows fitted to the emergency exit
shall be clearly indicated.
2. Additional emergency exit situated in either the front, rear face or the roof
be clearly marked as an emergency exit:
iii)
on the inside of the vehicle, and
iv)
in a case where the emergency exit can be opened from the outside, must be marked
on the outside of the vehicle.
v)
be clearly marked with its means of operation.
3. For Bus Directive and ECE Regulation vehicles, emergency exit/s may be a window, door or
hatch, the minimum requirements are:
vi) All emergency exit/s must be marked on the inside and outside of the vehicle with the
inscription ‘Emergency Exit’ or similar.
vii) All emergency control/s of emergency exit/s must be marked with the method of
operation.
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16 Passenger Doors, Driver Doors and Emergency Exits
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A door or emergency exit:
a.
incomplete or missing.
Major
b.
cannot be opened to its fullest extent.
Major
c.
(i)
with a sliding action which will not remain closed or is likely to
fly open inadvertently or will not open without undue effort.
Major
(ii) with a hinged action which will not remain closed or is likely to
fly open inadvertently.
Dangerous
d.
with a missing/defective device for holding a door, or on a Bus
Directive or ECE vehicle, a door or top hinged emergency
window, open.
Major
e. (i)
with insecure, excessively worn or fractured hinges or pins, or
with insecure door pillars, which could adversely affect
operation.
Minor
(ii) with insecure, excessively worn or fractured hinges or pins, or
with insecure door pillars, which could adversely affect
operation and is likely to cause an injury.
Major
f.
with a supplementary locking device which cannot be
overridden by all of the associated interior door controls.
Major
g.
with a release handle guard insecure or missing.
Major
h.
“open” warning device missing or inoperative.
Major
i.
a break glass window fitted with laminated glass or other
unbreakable glazing.
Major
2
A door or emergency exit opening or closing mechanism:
a.
defective, excessively worn or damaged so that it is difficult to
open or close the door or exit.
Major
b.
control button(s) loose, sticking or with excessive movement
before operating.
Major
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16 Passenger Doors, Driver Doors and Emergency Exits
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
3
A door and emergency exit marking:
a.
missing.
Major
b.
method of operation not shown (not applicable to Schedule 6
Major
apart from the emergency door).
4
Power operated doors and emergency exits:
a.
repeated operations of the doors depletes the braking
Major
system(s) pressure below the level at which the circuit
protection valve should operate.
b.
cannot be opened from inside or outside the vehicle using the
Major
emergency controls.
c.
soft edge missing, deteriorated or damaged so that injury
Major
could be caused to any person.
d.
safety system does not operate correctly.
Major
5
Plug door opens or closes suddenly or with excessive force
Major
and is likely to injure persons outside the vehicle.
6
Emergency exits with an opening tool or device missing or not
Major
secured in a readily accessible place.
7
Driver cannot activate or deactivate the operation of an
Major
automatically operated service door.
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17 Drivers Accommodation
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Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
Examine the cab floor, internal wheel arches and cab steps for condition and security.
A driver escape window is required for vehicles with a separate and enclosed driver compartment, where
the driver’s seat is only accessible from the offside (the escape window must be fitted elsewhere than the
offside).
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A cab floor or internal wheel arch in the driver’s area
which:
(i)
is badly deteriorated or insecure.
Major
(ii)
is so badly deteriorated or insecure it is likely to impair the
Dangerous*
driver’s control of the vehicle or is likely to cause injury.
2
Step, step ring or grab handle:
(i)
insecure.
Minor
(ii)
which is so insecure or in such a condition it is likely to cause Major
injury.
3
Driver’s escape window:
a.
not provided.
Major
b.
cannot be opened.
Major
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18 Driver’s Seat
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Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles and only relates to the driver’s seat.
Procedure and Standards
When checking the driver’s seat adjustment it is not necessary to check that the seat can be
secured in all possible positions.
In the case of electrically adjusted seats, it is not necessary to check any ‘memory position’
function.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A driver’s seat:
(i)
structure defective.
Major
(ii)
so insecure or in such a condition that it could cause the driver
Dangerous*
to lose control of the vehicle.
2
The driver’s seat fore and aft adjustment mechanism not
Major
functioning as intended.
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19 Security of Body
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
Security of Body
The inspection covers:
• all fixings (e.g. brackets) securing the body to the chassis or to a sub-frame or supporting
members.
• fastenings e.g. securing bolts, rivets or welds for the fixings.
• structural (stressed) panels.
Defective fastening does not necessarily mean that the body is insecure. The whole
structure must be assessed, and deficiencies will only be justified where sufficient bolts, rivets
and welds etc. are loose or defective to allow the body to move enough to cause a hazard for
other road users.
Some designs of body mounting allow a limited amount of flexing between the body and
chassis. This must not be confused with insecurity.
Coach bolt failure due to corrosion may not be obvious as the failed section may be in a
position where it cannot be seen. Care should be taken to check with this type of fixing that there
is no sign of abnormal movement of the structure which would indicate coach bolt failure.
Check the condition of the load bearing body members for corrosion, cracks or damage
which could seriously weaken their strength.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Body:
a.
excessively displaced relative to the chassis.
Major
b. (i)
insecure.
Major
(ii) insecure with stability affected
Dangerous
2
A load bearing member so cracked, corroded or damaged
that the body is:
(i)
seriously weakened.
Major
(ii)
seriously weakened and vehicle stability is impaired.
Dangerous
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20 Exterior of Body including Luggage Compartments
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Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
Check for defective items, which would make the vehicle dangerous to other road users or
pedestrians. The cumulative effect of any defects found must be considered or their influence on
other items. Superficial damage which does not affect the strength of a component or which does
not pose a danger to other road users is not a deficiency.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Body panels, frame members, fittings or components:
a. (i)
insecure, fractured or cracked, distorted, worn, corroded,
Major
damaged or modified, to such an extent it is likely to cause
injury.
(ii)
insecure, fractured or cracked, distorted, worn, corroded,
Dangerous
damaged or modified to such an extent the vehicle is
obviously dangerous to other road users, passengers or
pedestrians.
b.
(i)
with an inappropriate modification of the bodywork.
Major
(ii) with an unsafe modification of the bodywork which has
Dangerous
seriously weakened the component.
2
Luggage compartment:
a.
structure defective allowing contents to protrude or fall onto a
Major
road, or in a condition to damage or soil luggage.
b.
access doors likely to become detached.
Dangerous*
c.
(i)
access doors with a sliding action which will not remain closed
Major
or is likely to fly open inadvertently.
(ii) access doors with a hinged action which will not remain closed Dangerous
or is likely to fly open inadvertently.
d.
which when secured in the open position obscures a position
Major
lamp, direction indicator or rear retro reflector.
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21 Interior of Body, Passenger Entrances, Exit Steps and Platforms
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
Buses which have an accessibility certificate or a DDA special authorisation will have
wheelchair facilities and disabled access examined under IM 24.
Manual retractable steps on Bus Directive and ECE Regulation vehicles must be fitted with
an audible warning to indicate that the steps have not been fully retracted into the travelling
position. Power operated steps on these vehicles must have an interlock to prevent the vehicle
being driven with the steps in the down position.
Crew seats should be marked “for crew use only” or similar. On Bus Directive and ECE
Regulation vehicles the seat only needs to be identified for crew use and the wording is not
specified.
Removal of a parcel rack from a vehicle will not be a deficiency unless a communication
control or grab rail is an integral part of the parcel rack, and there are not sufficient alternatives to
these items.
Failure of forced air ventilation will only be a deficiency if more than 50% of the system is
ineffective. Alternatively, if there are adequate side opening windows or roof vents, failure, or
partial failure of the forced ventilation system will not be a deficiency. The requirement for
ventilation does not apply to Schedule 6 minibuses, or to the toilet compartment on any vehicle.
Audible and visual devices to request the driver to stop are not required on buses with less
than 13 passenger seats or Schedule 6 minibuses. If a visual and an audible system are fitted
only one needs to operate, so long as it operates throughout the vehicle.
Bus Directive and ECE regulation vehicles which do not have provision for standing
passengers do not require a communication device. All Bus Directive and ECE regulation
vehicles which carry standing passengers must have at least one illuminated sign (on each floor
or articulated section which may be text or a pictogram to indicate to passengers that the bus is
stopping.
Some early vehicles were fitted with muted bells, these vehicles should not be failed at annual
test (Muted bells only work once until they are reset).
If the first aid kit receptacle is in a sealed compartment or closed glove box; the
compartment or glove box should be clearly marked to indicate the position of the first aid kit. If
the first aid kit is behind a glass panel the panel should not be removed for this inspection. If a
break glass panel is fitted the shot blasted area should face inward to allow the glass to be easily
broken. If it is facing outward this will be a deficiency.
An empty first aid box will be considered as missing.
First aid kits are required for all large buses (apart from those used on local services) and on
Schedule 6 Minibuses. There is no requirement to inspect the contents of a first aid kit.
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21 Interior of Body, Passenger Entrances, Exit Steps and Platforms
If a large bus used on local services is presented for test with markings showing the
presence of a first aid kit but no kit is carried this will be a deficiency unless the sign is removed
or covered.
At least one fire extinguisher must contain water or foam and be marked BS 5423, BS EN3
or EN3 and have a minimum fire rating of at least 8A or 21B. A fire extinguisher must be
maintained in good efficient working order.
Where a gauge is fitted to a fire extinguisher the reading shown should not be used to
determine the condition of the extinguisher.
If the extinguisher is behind a glass panel the panel should not be removed for this
inspection. A glass panel with a shot blasted area is only readily breakable if the shot blasted
surface faces inwards (i.e. towards the fire extinguisher). If a shot blasted area faces outwards
this is a deficiency. If the glass has been shot blasted in accordance with the above paragraph,
then no other device for breaking the glass is required.
Other acceptable means of gaining access to fire extinguishers or first aid kits covered by
a glass panel, that we are currently aware of, are:
• A ring-pull which allows the easy removal of the glazing panel, or
• Toughened glass with a break glass hammer provided.
There may be other acceptable methods which have been approved by certifying officers.
There is no requirement to check for safety markings on the glass covers of a first aid and
fire extinguisher.
There are no requirements with regards to the height at which the fire extinguisher is placed.
Examine all “other facilities” If any “other facility” is clearly inoperative and is not causing any
danger to passengers this is not a deficiency. Those most likely to be seen are:
• Wheelchair lifts and ramps (if fitted to a bus with an accessibility certificate or a DDA special
authorisation examine under Inspection Manual item 24).
• Wheelchair fixings and features (if fitted to a bus with an accessibility certificate or DDA
special authorisation examine under Inspection Manual item 24).
• Combustion heaters.
• Cookers/refrigerators.
• Drinks dispensers.
• Televisions/video monitors.
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21 Interior of Body, Passenger Entrances, Exit Steps and Platforms
When inspecting separately fuelled appliances such as combustion heaters or cookers
any signs of scorching charring or melting will be a deficiency.
If a vehicle is presented with a different seating arrangement to that on the technical print
(either more seats or less). This is not a reason for refusal to test but may be a deficiency if the
seating arrangements endanger passengers deficiency 3b. Issue a VTP 57 and give the operator
a VTP5, inform enforcement of the failure to comply with regulations.
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21 Interior of Body, Passenger Entrances, Exit Steps and Platforms
b.
layout which has been changed without approval and which
could endanger passengers.
Major
c.
with covering(s) in such a condition that they are likely to soil
passengers clothing.
Minor
d.
(i)
number reduced from the approved number.
Minor
(ii)
number increased from the approved number.
Major
4
Crew Seats:
a.
which encroach into gangways or exits and do not
automatically retract when not in use.
Major
b.
without a legible notice saying “for crew use only” or
similar on or adjacent to the seat or not identified as for crew
use on a Bus Directive and ECE regulation vehicle.
Major
5
(i)
grab rails, straps, stanchions, guard rails and barriers,
missing or insecure and not likely to endanger passengers.
Minor
(ii)
grab rails, straps, stanchions, guard rails and barriers so
insecure and in such a condition they are likely to endanger
passengers.
Major
6
Parcel racks in such a condition that allows articles to fall
onto the driver or passengers.
Dangerous*
7
Ventilation:
a.
forced ventilation equipment ineffective (not Schedule 6
minibuses).
Major
b.
any ventilator, opening windows or roof hatches insecure.
Major
c.
more than 50% of the ventilator system (i.e. opening
windows, ventilators and roof hatches) inoperative where
forced air ventilation is not available.
Major
8
engine interior covers missing, contaminated to a degree
which constitutes a fire risk, or which allows fumes to
penetrate passenger saloon.
Major
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21 Interior of Body, Passenger Entrances, Exit Steps and Platforms
9
Interior lighting with:
(i)
inadequate illumination of saloon interior, steps, platform,
staircase and other facilities (interior lights only apply to
steps for Schedule 6 minibuses).
Minor
(ii)
completely inoperative lamp(s) for illumination of saloon
interior, steps, platform, staircase and other facilities (interior
lights only apply to steps for Schedule 6 minibuses).
Major
10
Passenger Communication with driver:
a.
missing or inoperative.
Major
b.
does not give a visual indication to passengers that the bus
is stopping on Bus Directive and ECE regulation vehicles
which carry standing passengers.
Major
11
Interior surfaces:
a.
insecure or damaged so that it is likely to cause injury to
passengers.
Major
b.
contaminated so that they are likely to soil passengers
clothing.
Minor
12
First Aid Kit:
a.
missing, inaccessible or in poor or contaminated condition.
Major
b.
receptacle not marked.
Major
13
fire extinguisher missing, inaccessible, discharged, incorrect
type or in an obviously poor condition.
Major
14
any “other facility” (including those listed in 15-19 below)
which is incomplete, insecure and/or incorrect function and is
likely to endanger passengers.
Major
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21 Interior of Body, Passenger Entrances, Exit Steps and Platforms
15
Wheelchair lifts/ramps:
a.
the strength of the lift or ramp is significantly impaired.
Major
b.
there are sharp edges or other protrusions on a lift or ramp
which are likely to cause injury.
Major
c.
(i)
defective in operation and not likely to injure passengers,
pedestrians or other road users.
Minor
(ii)
defective in operation to the extent that it is likely to injure
passengers, pedestrians or other road users
Major
d.
(i)
non-slip surface on ramp defective.
Minor
(ii)
non-slip surface on ramp defective to such an extent that it is
likely to cause injuries.
Major
e.
a lift or ramp which cannot be secured in stored position.
Major
16
Wheelchair spaces:
a.
any wheelchair floor fitting loose or likely to cause
passengers to trip.
Major
b.
any padded backrest missing (when known to be an original
fitting), insecure or in a condition which is likely to cause
injury to passengers.
Major
c.
any stanchion, retractable rail/movable device, partition or
panel relating to the wheelchair area missing, insecure or in
a condition which is likely to cause injury to passengers.
Major
17
combustion heater with fuel filler inside vehicle.
Major
18
cookers/refrigerators/drinks dispenser in such a condition
that they are likely to endanger passengers.
Major
19
television/video for passenger entertainment with the screen
placed where driver can view whilst driving.
Major
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22 Mirrors and Indirect Vision Devices
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Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles and the number and type of mirrors and or indirect vision
devices (excluding periscopes) which have to be fitted are shown below.
DATE OF FIRST USE
REQUIREMENTS
Before 1 April 1983
An exterior mirror on the offside and either an interior mirror (unless
this would not give a view to the rear) or an exterior mirror on the
nearside.
From 1 April 1983
A main exterior mirror on both the offside and the nearside.
Procedure and Standards
“Indirect vision device " means a device to observe the traffic area adjacent to the vehicle which
cannot be observed by direct vision. This can be a conventional mirror(s), camera-monitor(s) or
other device(s) (but not a periscope) able to present information about the indirect field of vision to
the driver.
"Interior mirror" means a device as defined in the above paragraph, which can be fitted in the
passenger compartment of a vehicle.
“Exterior mirror" means a device as defined in the above paragraph, which can be mounted on
the external surface of a vehicle.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Not fitted with the correct number or type(s) of mirror, or other
Major
indirect vision device.
2
(i)
A required mirror or indirect vision device with minor damage
Minor
that does not obviously interfere with the view to the rear or
nearside of anyone sitting in the driving seats.
(ii) A required mirror or indirect vision device in such a condition
Major
that anyone sitting in the driving seat cannot see clearly
towards the rear or nearside.
3
A mirror/indirect vision device or its mounting bracket insecure
Major
or structurally deteriorated.
4
A mirror/indirect vision device or periscope insecure and in
Major
such a condition that it is likely to injure the driver or
passengers.
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23 Glass and View of the Road
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and standards
Zone "A" is 350mm wide, in the swept area of the screen and centred on the centre of the
steering wheel.
Zone "B" is the remainder of the swept area.
Zone "C" is the remainder of the screen outside the sweep of the wipers.
Windscreen
Examiners should have regard for the three separate "zones" when assessing damage or
discolouration. A greater amount of damage or discolouration could be accepted in zone "C" than
in zone "B". Likewise, a greater amount can be accepted in zone "B" than in zone "A" where
relatively minor damage may be a deficiency.
When assessing damage, light surface scratches are not to be considered as damage.
However, an area of concentrated scratches such as those caused by prolonged use of a
defective wiper blade which materially affects view to the front, or the sides is to be considered a
deficiency.
Repaired windscreens must be inspected to the same criteria as original unrepaired
screens. Repairs must be judged as to whether they materially affect view to the front or the
sides.
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586
] | train |
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23 Glass and View of the Road
“Swept area” means the area swept by the wipers in their normal operation and does not include
any additional area of the screen covered by the wipers to reach the parked position or which the
original manufacturer has designed as opaque.
Check that the correct type of glass or safety glazing is fitted to the windows specified in the table
below.
Plastic safety glazing or laminated glass is not suitable for use in “Break Glass” emergency exits.
Check that all safety glass is properly marked (marking of glass is not required for vehicles first
used before 1 June 1978). Acceptable markings include:
•
BS857
•
BS AU 178
•
An “e” mark followed by a number in a square
•
BS 5282 (only on vehicles first used before April 1985
•
TP GS or TPGSE (Glass made in France only acceptable on vehicles on vehicles first
used before October 1986
•
An “E” mark including the number 43R
Normally glass marked only with a kite mark and BS6206 is not acceptable, the glass must
be marked with one of the other acceptable markings. In the past some buses were certified
where the only marking on the glass was a kite mark. If a bus has glass marked in this way and
there is no reason to believe it is not safety glass this is acceptable.
If an acceptable mark has become faint or deteriorated this is not a deficiency.
Vehicle first
use
Windscreen
Window at
either side
of the
driver
Forward facing
window other
than a
windscreen
Other
windows
Windows in
internal
partitions
screens and
doors
From 1
April 1988
Safety glass
Safety glass
Safety glass or
safety glazing
Safety glass
or safety
glazing
Safety glass or
safety glazing
From 1
June 1978
Safety glass
Safety glass
Safety glass or
safety glazing
Safety glass
or safety
glazing
No
requirement
From 1
January
1959
Safety glass if
glass is fitted
Safety glass if
glass is fitted
Safety glass if
glass is fitted
Safety glass if
glass is fitted
No requirement
Before 1
January
1959
Safety glass if
glass is fitted
No
requirement
Safety glass if
glass is fitted.
The glass fitted
to the upper deck
of a double
decker need not
be safety glass.
No
requirement
No requirement
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23 Glass and View of the Road
LDV Convoys front door window glass markings are situated below the trim and are not
visible. This model should not be refused for failure to display an appropriate mark.
Side windows with a marking of M416 are acceptable, it is not acceptable for windscreens.
Where glass is replaced with a piece from a stock sheet and the repairer has evidence of the
standard to which the stock sheet complied, it is acceptable for them to mark the glass with the
standard reference number but must be accompanied by a permanent mark which the
person/company can identify.
“Safety glazing” means material (other than glass) which is so constructed or treated that if
fractured it does not fly into fragments likely to cause severe cuts. There is a large range of
materials which can be fitted as safety glazing and it is not possible to identify these positively at
the test, as there is no requirement for marking.
Check the view of the road from the driver’s seat. The view must not be obstructed by any
changes to the original design such as the addition of stickers, pennants, cab decorations,
stoneguards, dash mounted tables, or other items, which materially affect view to the front or the
sides.
On many vehicles, the original design will place things like instrument panel clusters
inside the field of view. Intrusions such as this which are an original design features can be
ignored, as can damage, obstructions or unofficial stickers which are hidden by that feature.
Many commercial vehicles have very large screens and have windscreen wipers which
cover an area that have no practical use. For the purposes of the annual test, the area of the
screen above a horizontal line taken from the driver’s eye position, assessed from the driving seat
looking forward in a comfortable upright driving position, can be ignored other than the area
through which the driver is required to view any mirror. It is not necessary to speculate on the
effects of tall or short drivers.
Official stickers and acceptable features (see examples below) are permitted to encroach
into the field of vision if this is necessary to comply with other regulations. These will be
considered a deficiency only where they seriously restrict the drivers view to the front or the
sides.
Examples of features which may intrude into the swept area of the wipers provided they do not
seriously restrict the drivers view to the front or the sides are:
• Vehicle distance or lane indicator systems
• Operator licence
• Automatic windscreen wiper detectors
• Fresnel lens
• Split windscreens
• Wipers which park adjacent to a central pillar
• Driver monitoring systems
• Driver’s aids such as blinds and their mountings
• Toll payment tags/stickers
• vehicle anti-theft scheme stickers/security passes
• Section 19 permits
• Monitors for indirect vision devices
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23 Glass and View of the Road
Examples of features which may intrude into the swept area of the wipers provided they do not
materially affect view to the front or the sides are:
• No smoking signs
• Maximum height signs
• Maintenance information stickers
• Other non-mandatory signs or stickers
• DDA handrails
• Anti-vandal screens and any associated poles
• Dash mounted tables, laptops/tablets/mobile phones/satellite navigation which is not
original equipment
• Dash mount monitors/control systems
• Ticket machines and fare collection equipment.
In respect of ticket machines or fare collection equipment, “materially affect” means; a
person 107cm tall 30cm wide is not totally concealed by the ticket machine or other fare
collection equipment 2m in front of the vehicle.
Note: It is important to remember the monitors mounted on a dash will be used for different
purposes such as non-original satellite navigation which will be assessed as whether they
materially affect view whereas monitors for safety features such as blind spot systems for
indirect vision requirements will be assessed as to whether they seriously affect view.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A windscreen:
a.
(i)
with an obstruction, damage or discolouration which materially
Minor
affects view to the front or the sides through the area of
windscreen not swept by the wipers (zone C).
(ii) with an obstruction, damage or discolouration which materially
Major
affects view to the front or the sides through the area of
windscreen swept by the wipers.
b.
(i) with a crack in the windscreen outside of the area swept by
Minor
the wipers (zone C).
(ii) with a crack passing through the swept area which renders the Major
screen insecure or which materially affects view to the front or
the sides through the area of windscreen swept by the wipers.
c.
with any crack where there is noticeable displacement of the
Major
surfaces on either side which has an adverse effect on the
condition and operation of the windscreen wipers.
d.
with damage which exposes the inner layer of a laminated
Major
screen.
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23 Glass and View of the Road
2
A windscreen or window:
a.
so insecure that it is likely to fall out or damaged to the extent
that it presents a danger to occupants or to other road users.
Dangerous*
b.
with damage or obstruction, which impairs the driver’s view of
a mandatory mirror.
Major
c.
not made from safety glass or safety glazing as specified.
Major
d.
made of safety glass which does not show an acceptable
marking.
Major
e.
in such a condition it would allow water to leak into the
passenger areas.
Major
f.
windscreen or outside window missing.
Major
g.
or internal screen or partition so insecure that it is likely to fall
out in normal use or cause injury to any person on the vehicle.
Dangerous*
3
A guard rail or barrier at a window, internal screen or partition
missing, insecure or damaged to the extent that injury to a
passenger is likely.
Major
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24 Accessibility Features
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles, which have been issued with an Accessibility Certificate or
a Special Authorisation. As an alternative to Schedules 1, 2 or 3 some vehicles with accessibility
certificates will be Bus Directive vehicles and will include compliance with Annex VII and the route
and destination requirements of Schedule 2 or 3. These will have been issued with a Notification
Form PSV501. This will have been noted on the technical record for the vehicle.
Procedure and Standards
Restraints
Wheelchair and wheelchair user restraints may form part of a combined restraint system.
Padded backrests
On Annex VII vehicles the backrest need not be padded and, as an alternative to a backrest, a
device which acts as a support for the wheels of the wheelchair may be provided.
Ramp operations
For operation, the ramp or lift can be deployed or lowered to the surface on which the vehicle is
sitting. On an Annex VII vehicle a ramp need not lower to the surface on which the vehicle is
sitting but must lower to within 150mm above that surface.
Bands of contrasting colour
On an annex VII vehicle this is only required on a powered ramp, and it may be red and white
striped or a single band of contrasting colour.
Stowage systems
Any means to retain the device in the stowed position can easily be released and if the means
requires any form of power, the device can be easily released in the event of a power failure, if
necessary, with the use of a tool carried on the vehicle.
Portable ramps
Any portable ramp with a positive means to prevent the ramp being easily detached from the
vehicle when driven (e.g. locating pins) must comply with the requirement that a vehicle cannot be
driven normally unless the lift or ramp is at its normal position for vehicle travel. Portable ramps
without this positive means to prevent easy detachment do not have to meet this requirement.
Power operated lifts and ramps
• When checking for correct operation, this includes all internal and external controls relating
to the operation or stopping of the lift or ramp. Where controls are available adjacent to
the lift or ramp check that controls that initiate operation can be isolated by a control in the
driver’s cab.
• If there is more than one lift or ramp only one need to operate manually.
• In the case of a lift, once stopped it must be capable of being reversed. Safety devices
are not required for a ramp if the force of the ramp is unlikely to cause injury or a lift if the
operating control is adjacent to the lift.
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24 Accessibility Features
Entrance and exits
Where fitted with a power operated lift or ramp that is not within the driver’s direct field of vision,
and where the operating control is not adjacent to the lift or ramp. The driver when seated in the
driver’s seat must have a clear unobstructed view of the inside and outside of the door area in
which the lift or ramp operates either through mirrors or another optical device such as CCTV or
optical cable.
Signs and markings
For each wheelchair space there must be a sign or instruction indicating the direction a
wheelchair and user should face during travel. In the case of an Annex VII vehicle a sign need
not indicate the direction that a wheelchair should face. There must be safety instructions
explaining the use of the wheelchair space including any wheelchair restraint system and
wheelchair occupant restraint system. This does not apply to Annex VII vehicles.
Lighting
The operation of accessibility lighting may be operated by the general interior lighting control(s),
separate control(s) or automatically by opening the doors.
Steps
In the case of a step which projects beyond the body of the vehicle and is likely to injure
pedestrians, check that the step can fold or retract and the vehicle is not capable of being driven
normally unless the step is folded or retracted. In the case of Annex VII vehicles this last
requirement is only for vehicles fitted with power operated steps.
In the case of a power operated step, the step must be incapable of being operated with the
vehicle in motion and any malfunction of any safety device, which stops the motion of the step to
prevent injury is a deficiency. Safety devices are not required if the force of the step is unlikely to
cause injury.
The communication device with the driver in the wheelchair space can be audible or visual.
If there is reason to believe a vehicle has had accessibility features changed or removed
since being approved, please report it centrally using the VTP57 system.
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24 Accessibility Features
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Wheelchair spaces:
a. (i)
any wheelchair restraint components deteriorated, insecure or
defective but not likely to affect its function.
Minor
(ii)
any wheelchair restraint components missing, or badly
deteriorated, insecure and or defective to such an extent the
function is obviously affected.
Major
b. (i)
any wheelchair user restraint components deteriorated,
insecure or defective but not likely to affect its function.
Minor
(ii)
any wheelchair user restraint components missing, or badly
deteriorated, insecure and or defective to such an extent the
function is obviously affected.
Major
2
For each wheelchair space designed for a rearward facing
wheelchair:
a.
any padded backrest missing, insecure or in a condition which
is likely to cause injury to passengers (see note).
Major
b.
any stanchion, fixed rail, retractable/movable device, partition
or panel relating to the wheelchair area missing, insecure or in
a condition which is likely to cause injury to passengers.
Major
3
Boarding lifts and boarding ramps:
a.
a lift or ramp missing, insecure or the strength of the lift or
ramp is significantly impaired.
Major
b.
a lift or ramp which does not function as intended or does not
operate through the required range of movement.
Major
c.
there are sharp edges or other protrusions on a lift or ramp
which are likely to cause injury.
Major
d.
the band of contrasting colour on a lift or ramp surface edge is
missing or has deteriorated to the extent that it is visually
ineffective.
Minor
e.
a lift surface does not have an effective device for preventing
wheelchairs from rolling off or the device is ineffective.
Major
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24 Accessibility Features
f.
(i)
cannot be stowed, failure or malfunction of any stowage
retaining device (including failure to release without power
supplied where appropriate) but safety not affected.
Minor
(ii) cannot be safely stowed, failure or malfunction of any stowage
retaining device (including failure to release without power
supplied where appropriate) that affects safety.
Major
g.
the safety device intended to prevent the vehicle being driven
normally when the lift or ramp is not in its intended position for
vehicle travel is ineffective.
Major
4
A power operated lift or ramp (additional requirements):
a.
defective in operation to the extent that it is likely to injure
passengers, pedestrians or other road users.
Major
b.
with an audible device missing or inoperative (except an
Annex VII vehicle with a powered lift).
Major
c.
(i)
on an Annex VII vehicle with a powered ramp the yellow
warning lights are defective.
Minor
(ii) on an Annex VII vehicle with a powered ramp the yellow
warning lights are missing.
Major
d.
incapable of being operated manually and the vehicle does
not have a portable ramp.
Minor
e.
without an effective safety device to prevent the lift or ramp
from operating with the vehicle in motion.
Major
f.
safety device to stop the extension or retraction of a ramp or
lift on meeting an obstruction inoperative and is likely to cause
injury.
Major
5
Portable ramp (additional requirements) with no suitable
storage stowage position and likely to cause injury to any
passenger or crew.
Major
6
Entrance and exit optical device to allow driver to view
wheelchair entrances and exits:
a.
missing or ineffective.
Major
b.
(i)
insecure but unlikely to become detached.
Major
(ii) insecure to such an extent that detachment is imminent.
Dangerous*
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24 Accessibility Features
7
A required sign/marking or safety instruction missing or
illegible.
Minor
8
Communication devices:
a.
any internal wheelchair space communication device missing
or inoperative.
Major
b.
any external communication device missing or inoperative.
Major
9
Lighting specifically intended for wheelchair users to board or
alight in safety; missing, inoperative or deteriorated to the
extent that the illumination is significantly reduced (see note).
Major
10
Floors and gangways slip resistant material deteriorated to the
extent that it is no longer effective.
Major
11
Steps with:
a.
slip resistant material deteriorated to the extent that it is no
longer effective.
Major
b.
band of contrasting colour is missing or deteriorated to the
extent that it is no longer visually effective.
Minor
c.
any interlock and/or safety device applicable to folding,
extendable and/or power steps is inoperative.
Major
12
Kneeling suspension which:
a.
has an operating control which is inadequately marked.
Minor
b.
has controls which are incapable of stopping and reversing the
lowering process.
Major
c.
does not have an effective interlock to prevent the vehicle
from being driven at speeds in excess of 5km/h with the
vehicle lower than normal height.
Major
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25 Windscreen Washers and Wipers
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Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles except those with an opening windscreen or where an
adequate view can be obtained by some other means.
Procedure and Standards
PSVs used for “local service” operation do not require windscreen washers.
Wipers must be able to clear an adequate area of the screen to give the driver a view of the
road to the front and in front of both sides of the vehicle.
Washers must provide enough water to enable the wipers to clear the screen effectively.
Frozen washers are to be considered a deficiency.
There is no requirement to check that wipers self-park.
Wipers working at an intermittent speed only are not acceptable and will be a deficiency
under 2b.
Check switches that control windscreen wipers and or washers are fitted and operational.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Switch(es) controlling windscreen wipers and/or washers
Minor
missing or defective.
2
Wipers:
a.
do not move over an adequate area.
Major
b.
do not work continually when switched on.
Major
c.
a blade missing, insecure or so deteriorated that it cannot clear Major
the screen effectively.
3
Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient
Major
fluid to clear the windscreen.
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26 Speedometer/Tachograph
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
A vehicle must have a tachograph fitted unless the presenter claims that it is exempt from the
tachograph regulations. Exempt vehicles may have either a tachograph or a speedometer fitted.
Procedure and standards
The check of tachograph seals is by visual assessment only.
1C tachographs must be installed to all vehicles requiring a tachograph registered from June
15th, 2019.
All vehicles
A tachograph exemption form must be completed for all vehicles deemed tachograph exempt,
unless the vehicle technical record shows the vehicle is exempt or it is declared on the
application form.
For vehicles fitted with a tachograph
If the tachograph head cannot be opened or if the calibration plaque does not match the
vehicle to which it is fitted it should be treated as if the plaque and any relevant seals were not
there.
If the vehicle identification on the calibration plaque does not correspond to the vehicle it is fitted
to, the vehicle should be refused under 2a. Should the identification refer to the registration mark,
the technical record must be checked to ensure it was not a previous registration for the same
vehicle. If no vehicle identification is displayed this is not a deficiency, there is no requirement to
display the registration mark on the calibration plaque.
For vehicles required to be fitted with a tachograph
If the time clock is inoperative this is a deficiency under 1b (ii) (for the tachograph only not the
speedometer).
Tachograph heads must only be opened with the steering wheel in the straight ahead position
and with the engine switched off.
Installation/calibration plaques expire after 6 years for analogue, 2 years for digital.
It is acceptable for the plaque to contain additional information (e.g. Registration Number,
tyre pressures etc.). The plaque is designed to be tamper proof and should show signs of
damage if it has been tampered with. The 2 year check is not part of this inspection for analogue
tachographs only. However if the examiner notices this plaque is not displayed the presenter
must be advised.
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26 Speedometer/Tachograph
For vehicles not required to be fitted with a tachograph where a tachograph is used as a
speedometer
If a tachograph is used in place of a speedometer (even if the vehicle is tachograph exempt) it is
only required to be marked in kilometres per hour, although it may be dual marked in miles per
hour also.
Only where the tachograph is marked in KPH alone, will you be required to check the
installation/calibration plaque for presence and condition, and the date of calibration is clearly
visible.
There is no requirement for a re-calibration of these systems after 6 years provided that the
system has been initially calibrated and sealed, and that the calibration plaque and necessary
seals remain intact.
Check DIL switch covers and seals for presence and condition and that they are the correct type.
It will be sufficient to check that they have an approved marking. It is not necessary to identify the
sealer.
If a speed limiter is NOT required, or the speed limiter does not receive the speed signal from
the tachograph head, it is only necessary to check the seals inside the tachograph head. There is
no requirement for the gearbox sender unit to be sealed. The vehicle technical record will show if
a vehicle is speed limiter exempt.
Vehicles fitted with Modular Tachographs
There are presently two types of modular tachograph using encrypted sender units. They are
VDO Keinzel 1324 and Stoneridge Electronics (formerly TVI) and are easily identified as they are
shaped like a car radio.
Vehicles fitted with Modular Tachograph systems have received type approval that permits
the use of a 4 wire data transmission cable instead of an armoured cable provided it is used to
connect an encrypted sender unit to the tachograph. When used in this arrangement the approval
also does not require the cable end connections to be sealed. However, the sender unit itself is
still required to be sealed to the gearbox.
Where a printout from a digital tachograph cannot be obtained initially (because of a
jammed or depleted roll) the presenter should be given the opportunity to rectify this before
leaving the test site and the use of PRS would not be appropriate if the defect is rectified.
Identification of Encrypted Sender Units
These appear similar to other sender units and can be positively identified by the cream/beige
colour of the sender unit 4 pin bayonet connector. This colour is the same whether the sender
unit is the rotating type or a proximity type. It should be noted that when the cable is connected
that only a small part of the cream/beige coloured connector is visible.
For the VDO Keinzel 1324 that there is an exception to the above colour code when the
vehicle is fitted with a TELMA retarder, the socket housing will be red.
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26 Speedometer/Tachograph
If a vehicle is fitted with more than one tachograph and a speed limiter, the speed limiter
should operate off all tachographs.
Plastic sleeve seals are
acceptable but will require an
embossed identification, (see
example to left).
Tachograph plaques are required to be tamperproof, this is not a deficiency at annual test if
they are not tamperproof.
| [
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAoAAAAHgCAIAAAC6s0uzAAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAsfSklEQVR4nGy993McSZbnWb+c2a2d3cxNz7as6qqi1iRIACRBaK21lgRIUCuAEmSxWLJLV5eiJgitEql1pIgUkVoLJLQgSJaY7p6d2b6/4L4eDmLbds7sWVgQCGR6eHi8z/s+f+58jR0YcQrEfqnSI1W4xBKvQhHRaWfN7IzVOGdnF5zmRZdpntNPGVU+9aRTNjplkPtVk9Os8rmTfWZnX7gsL5xcjFGFNApYUKMK6jQwn1b... | [
"e812b331bf48376f1c0bbceed4103c99520df1ef42df547946597922f01e1190"
] | [
640
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26 Speedometer/Tachograph
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A speedometer or tachograph (where required):
a.
not fitted.
Major
b. (i)
incomplete or dial glass broken without affecting the operation.
Minor
(ii) incomplete, clearly inoperative, or with dial glass missing or
broken and affecting the operation.
Major
c.
cannot be illuminated.
Major
2
For all vehicles fitted with a tachograph:
a.
tachograph installation/calibration plaque missing, damaged
(where required).
Major
b.
DIL switch cover missing, broken or damaged through.
interference.
Major
3
For vehicles required to be fitted with a tachograph:
a.
tachograph scale not marked in kilometres per hour (There is
no requirement for tachographs to be marked in mph).
Major
b.
tachograph manufacturer’s serial number/data plaque missing
or not showing an “e” marking.
Major
c.
tachograph installation/calibration plaque out of date.
Major
d.
where a digital tachograph is fitted the size of drive axle road
tyres do not comply with calibration plaque.
Major
e.
“K” factor plaque missing.
Major
f.
seal missing, broken or where a clearly “non mandatory” seal
has been fitted in place of an “official” seal.
Major
g.
unable to obtain a printout from a digital tachograph.
Major
h.
a digital tachograph that displays a ‘K’ factor reading different
to that shown on the calibration plaque (there is no
allowance/tolerance as with analogue type tachographs).
Major
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27 Horn
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Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and standards
Vehicles first used from 1 August 1973 must have a horn that produces a continuous or uniform
sound.
If vehicles are fitted with more than one horn only one has to work.
If air horns are connected to the braking system of a vehicle the presenter should be made
aware of the possible dangers as well as advising of any leaks from the air horns (there is no
requirement to check if air horn operation depletes the braking system).
If more than one horn control is fitted at least one must operate the horn.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Horn control:
a.
missing.
Major
b.
cannot be reached easily from the driving seat.
Major
c.
insecure.
Major
2
Horn:
a.
does not work.
Major
b.
is not loud enough to be heard by other road users.
Major
c.
sound not continuous or uniform.
Major
d.
insecure.
Major
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28 Driving Controls
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and standards
From the driver’s seat operate driving controls, except those for brakes and steering which are
checked under other items, to see that they function correctly and are complete.
Examples of driving controls which need to be inspected are:
1. Gear control.
2. Accelerator pedal.
3. Clutch pedal.
The list is not exhaustive.
An air leak from a gear valve is not a deficiency.
An accelerator pedal anti-slip provision missing or worn smooth is not a deficiency.
Check the designated engine stop control for presence and operation.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
A driving control:
a.
(i)
insecure.
Major
(ii)
insecure and safe operation of the vehicle obviously affected.
Dangerous
b.
(i)
incomplete.
Major
(ii)
incomplete and safe operation of the vehicle obviously
affected.
Dangerous
c.
(i)
fractured, cracked or excessively corroded.
Major
(ii) fractured, cracked or excessively corroded and safe operation
of the vehicle obviously affected.
Dangerous
d.
(i)
obstructed or impeded in its travel.
Major
(ii) obstructed or impeded in its travel and safe operation of the
vehicle obviously affected.
Dangerous
e.
(i)
obviously not functioning correctly.
Major
(ii) obviously not functioning correctly and safe operation of the
vehicle obviously affected.
Dangerous
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28 Driving Controls
f.
with the presence of rubbish or other items likely to interfere
with the proper control of the vehicle.
Dangerous
g.
(i)
clutch pedal anti-slip provision missing, loose, incomplete or
ineffective.
Major
(ii) clutch pedal anti-slip provision missing, loose, incomplete or
ineffective and safe operation of the vehicle obviously
affected.
Dangerous
2
Engine stop control missing or inoperative.
Major
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30 Steering Control
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and standards
Cracks in the plastic covering do not necessarily mean that a spoke is fractured.
This inspection does not apply to drivers’ aid steering wheel knobs.
Unless specified by the manufacturer vehicles fitted with power steering must be checked with
the engine running.
“Free Play” must not be confused with movement caused by the compression of steering joints
etc. This operation should be carried out with light finger pressure to distinguish the feel of the
steering wheel when it meets a resistance.
Certain types of steering column might show some movement not due to excessive wear,
e.g. those fitted with universal joints or flexible couplings.
Free play at the steering rim in excess of 1/30 of the steering wheel diameter for a rack and
pinion mechanism is considered a deficiency. For other types of mechanism free play in excess
of 1/5 of the wheel’s diameter is considered a deficiency. The acceptable free play for a range of
wheels is shown below.
Rack and Pinion Steering
Wheel
Diameter
Conventional
With Steering wheel ahead of
the rack with a number of joints
Other types of steering
380mm (15”)
13mm (0.5”)
48mm (1.9”)
76mm (3”)
455mm (18”)
16mm (0.6”)
57mm (2.3”)
90mm (3.6”)
530mm (21”)
18mm (0.7”)
67mm (2.6”)
106mm (4.2”)
610mm (24”)
21mm (0.8”)
77mm (3.3”)
122mm (4.8”)
Check the steering column has no excessive end float, when applying an upward and downward
pressure to the steering wheel in line with the column.
Check the steering column has no excessive side play indicating a badly worn top bearing or
insecure top mounting bracket, by pulling and pushing the rim.
With the steered wheels in the straight ahead position lightly rotate the steering wheel to the left
and right and note the amount of free play.
On vehicles that are equipped with a steering lock (anti-theft device) these should be
checked for functionality. It's acceptable for a steering lock to be inoperative if the vehicle has an
engine immobiliser, or a permanently installed immobilisation device which acts on either the
steering, brakes or the transmission.
Some electronic steering locks, generally on vehicles with keyless ignition systems, will only
activate when the driver’s door is opened or closed.
If it’s not practical to check if a steering lock is working, you should give the benefit of the doubt.
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30 Steering Control
e.
(i)
locking mechanism not functioning correctly.
Major
(ii)
locking mechanism not functioning correctly and affects safe
steering operation.
Dangerous
3
(i)
Free play in system which is outside the prescribed limits.
Major
(ii)
Free play in system which is outside the prescribed limits
obviously effecting safe control of the vehicle.
Dangerous
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33 Speed Limiter
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles which are required to be fitted with a speed limiter.
Vehicles required to be fitted with a speed limiter are:
A. A vehicle first used from 1 April 1974 until 31 December 1987 with:
• more than 16 passenger seats and
• a design gross weight of more than 7500kg and
• a maximum speed capability exceeding 70mph (112.65km/h), if a speed limiter were
not fitted
Must be fitted with a speed limiter set at a maximum speed of 70mph (112.65km/h).
B. A vehicle first used from 1 January 1988 until 30 September 2001with:
• more than 8 passenger seats and
• a design gross weight of more than 7500kg and less than10001kg
• a maximum speed capability exceeding 100km/h (62.14mph) if a speed limiter were
not fitted
Must be fitted with a speed limiter set at a maximum of 100km/h.
C. A vehicle first used from 1 October 2001 with:
• more than 8 passenger seats and
• a design gross weight of more than 7500kg and less than 10001kg
• a maximum speed capability exceeding 100km/h (62.14mph) if a speed limiter were
not fitted
Must be fitted with a speed limiter set at a maximum stabilised speed of 100 km/h.
D. A vehicle first used from 1 January 1988 until 31 December 2004 with:
• more than 8 passenger seats and
• a design gross weight of more than 10000kg
• a maximum speed capability exceeding 100km/h (62.14mph) if a speed limiter were
not fitted
Must be fitted with a speed limiter set at a maximum of 100km/h.
E. A vehicle first used from 1 October 2001and 31 December 2004 with a Euro 3 diesel or
gas engine (see note) and:
• more than 8 passenger seats and
• a design gross weight of less than 7501kg and
• a maximum speed capability exceeding 100km/h if a speed limiter were not fitted
Must be fitted with a speed limiter set at a maximum stabilised speed of 100 km/h
F. A vehicle first used from 1 January 2005 with:
• more than 8 passenger seats and
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• a design gross weight up to 5000kg
• a maximum speed capability exceeding 100km/h if a speed limiter were not fitted
Must be fitted with a speed limiter set at a maximum stabilised speed of 100 km/h.
G. A vehicle first used from 1 January 2005 with:
• more than 8 passenger seats and
• a design gross weight from 5001kg to 7500kg
• a maximum speed capability exceeding 100km/h, if a speed limiter were not fitted
Must be fitted with a speed limiter set at a maximum stabilized speed of 100km/h.
H. A vehicle first used from 1 January 2005 with:
• more than 8 passenger seats
• a design gross weight in excess of 10000kg
• a maximum speed capability exceeding 100km/h, if a speed limiter were not fitted
Must be fitted with a speed limiter set at a maximum stabilized speed of 100km/h.
Procedure and standards
Some vehicles first used from 1 October 2001 until 31 December 2004 may have been
approved to Directive 70/220/EC or fitted with Euro 2 engines. These vehicles are exempt from
the speed limiter fitting requirements for Group E. Where exemption is claimed at time of test this
should be accompanied by an operator’s declaration of exemption and where necessary
supported by manufacturer’s confirmation of emission test standard, unless the vehicle is marked
speed limiter exempt on the technical record. All the following listed vehicles have already been
confirmed by their manufacturers as being exempt and no further proof is required for these
vehicles:
Any Petrol engine or petrol engine converted to run on LPG
Citroen Relay 2.0 litre and 2.2 litre HDi engines
DAF 45, 7.5-ton vehicles (all) except DAF 45 marked as LF. (LF is marked on the N/S of the
radiator grill.)
Fiat Ducato with 2.0 litre engines (engine code RHV).
Ford Transit (all).
Isuzu models NPR, NQR, and NKR with T, V, W, X or 1(one) as the 10th VIN character.
Iveco Cargo all, except vehicles with engine code F4AE---.
Iveco Daily all, except vehicles with engine code F1CE---, 8140.43B, 8140.43N and 8140.43S
with a PIC code ‘G.’ (the PIC code is applicable to the 8140.43S only, the PIC code can be found
on the ID plate on the shut panel for the bonnet identified by the third character.)
LDV (all).
Mitsubishi Canter with ‘R’ as the 12th VIN character.
Nissan Interstar all, except vehicles with engine code ZD3-A202, G9U-A754 & G9U-A724.
Nissan Primastar All models.
Peugeot Boxer 2.0 litre and 2.2 litre HDi engines.
Renault Master all, except vehicles with engine code ZD3-A202, G9U-A754 & G9U-A724.
Renault Trafic All models.
Vauxhall/Opel Movano with E, F, G, J, K, L, M, N, P, T or W as the 7th VIN character.
Vauxhall/Opel Vivaro (all).
Volkswagen (all except 2.5lt/2.8lt 109bhp/158bhp engine codes AVR & AUH respectively).
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33 Speed Limiter
Other vehicles which are exempted by regulations are:
Vehicles owned or used by the Secretary of State for Defence and used for naval, military or air
force purposes. If the vehicle is being used the driver must be under the direct orders of a
member of the armed forces of the Crown.
Vehicles being used for fire brigade (in England and Wales fire and rescue authority), ambulance
and police purposes.
Vehicles which are operated on behalf of Her Majesty’s Prison Service and used primarily for the
purpose of moving category A prisoners (Category A prisoners means that prison security
category which is applied to prisoners whose escape would be highly dangerous to the public,
police or the security of the state, no matter how unlikely that escape might be, and from whom
the aim must be to make escape impossible).
If for any other reason the vehicle presenter claims a valid exemption that is different from
the technical record, form DVSA 73 V2 must be completed.
When checking a speed limiter plate is securely fitted in the driver’s compartment it is
acceptable for the plate to be fitted in the driver’s door jamb. If fitted on a window and facing
outward the details must be able to be read by a person of average height.
The character and composition of the plate and size of the lettering are not important provided
the details are legible.
It is acceptable for the limiter to be wired through the “ignition” switch but any other device
which would allow disconnection of the speed limiter whilst driving is unacceptable.
Clear DIL switch covers are acceptable at the time of test, although once again they are no
longer acceptable under the Tachograph approved scheme and centres should no longer fit them.
The inspection of speed limiters is only for the parts which are visible without dismantling.
Plastic speed limiter seals are acceptable if they are properly marked with a sealer
identification.
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33 Speed Limiter
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Speed Limiter Plate:
a.
missing.
Major
b.
insecure.
Minor
c.
not in a conspicuous position.
Minor
d.
not clearly and indelibly marked with the set speed.
Major
2
Set Speed marked on Speed Limiter. Plate greater than:
a.
70mph (113 km/h) for a vehicle described in paragraph A in the Minor
Applications section.
b.
100 km/h (62.14 mph) for a vehicle described in paragraph B,
Minor
C, D, E, F, G & H in the Application section.
3
Speed limiter:
a.
not fitted or obviously inoperative.
Major
b.
insecure.
Major
c.
actuating rods/cables disconnected or damaged so that the
Major
operation is obviously affected.
d.
wiring disconnected or can easily be disconnected by
Major
unauthorised means.
e.
tamperproof device missing or defective or showing obvious
Major
signs of interference.
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34 Pressure/Vacuum Warning and Build Up
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles, except those with an unladen weight of less than 3050kg
where the vacuum reservoir is coupled direct to the engine induction manifold. These vehicles do
not require a pressure/vacuum warning device (if it is not possible to determine the unladen
weight of a vehicle, the presenter should be given the opportunity to produce some evidence of
the unladen weight before failing the vehicle).
Procedure and Standards
Vehicles used from 1 April 1983 can be fitted with either a visual warning device or an audible
warning device. If both are fitted only one need work. Vehicles first used before 1 April 1983 must
be fitted with a visual warning device. If an audible warning device is also fitted this is considered
to be an addition to the mandatory requirement.
A Number of vehicles, among them Mercedes 515, 609, 612, 614, 709 and Iveco Daily models
were approved without a warning device and should not be failed for a warning device not fitted.
If there is no reservoir in a vacuum system a warning device is not required.
Deplete the air or vacuum system by applying the footbrake, when the warning device operates
there must be four further assisted applications.
If the vehicle has full power hydraulic brakes gauges are not normally fitted and there are no
appreciable sounds when the brakes are applied. To check for compliance, use the procedure
shown in IM 71.
Fully deplete the system and run the engine at just below governed speed and note the time for
the warning device to show minimum effective working condition.
If gauges are not marked, take 3 bar (45 psi) for air systems and 25 to 30cm (10 to 12 Inches)
for vacuum systems as indicating minimum effective working condition.
The time to reach minimum effective working pressure should normally be within 3 minutes
for pressure systems and 1 minute for vacuum systems.
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37 Service Brake Pedal
Application
This examination applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
Power operated braking systems where the foot valve is fully open before the pedal is fully
depressed do not require any reserve travel.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Brake pedal:
a.
anti-slip provision missing, loose, incomplete or ineffective.
Major
b.
has excessive side play.
Major
c.
fouling other parts of the vehicle and is functionality affected.
Major
d.
insufficient reserve travel when fully depressed.
Major
2
Brake pedal or assembly:
a.
insecure, incomplete, fractured, cracked, or corroded and is
Major
functionality affected.
b.
pivot is tight in operation.
Major
c. (i)
does not release correctly.
Minor
(ii) does not release correctly and functionality is affected.
Major
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38 Service Brake Operation
Application
This examination applies to all vehicles.
Anti-lock brakes are mandatory on coaches first used from 1 April 1992 with design GVW greater
than 12000kg, and all passenger carrying vehicles with more than eight passenger seats in
addition to the driver first used from 1st May 2002.
Procedure and Standards
For some brake systems a small amount of brake pedal creep may be due to elasticity in the
brake components.
ABS, ABS/EBS and ABS/EBS/ESC requirements
ABS only vehicles
Vehicles fitted with ABS only must have a mandatory warning malfunction indicator lamp (MIL)
that illuminates when the system is energised (ignition or battery master switch on). It can be any
colour, though they are usually red, yellow or amber. It must go out after a short period or when
the engine is started but can then come back on and remain on until the vehicle speed exceeds
approximately 5 kph (3 mph). It is not necessary to move the vehicle to check the speed-
activated function provided the lamp does go off momentarily.
Other lamps of the same or different colours showing e.g. that trailers are not connected or are
not fitted with ABS may also be fitted to motor vehicles. These are not mandatory and are for
information purposes only. If these are illuminated it is not a deficiency. It is important to
establish that a lit warning lamp is actually showing an ABS defect and is not an ABS information
lamp. The Driver Handbook may be used to establish the function of a lamp.
ABS/EBS equipped vehicles
Vehicles fitted with ABS and EBS must have mandatory red and amber/yellow MILs fitted. The
red MIL illuminates if there is a foundation brake fault or the prescribed minimum brake
performance cannot be met. The red MIL must illuminate with system initialisation though this
may not be clearly evident as in some cases the sequence is extremely fast and may be missed.
In this circumstance if modulator cycling can be heard it is acceptable to pass the vehicle. It may
be necessary to wait as much as 30 seconds before re-testing to allow the system to re-set. If a
red MIL stays lit or is flashing this is a deficiency.
The amber/yellow lamp illuminates if there is an electronic fault.
The amber/yellow MILs must illuminate with system initialisation though this may not be clearly
evident as in some cases the sequence is extremely fast and may be missed. In this circumstance
if modulator cycling can be heard it is acceptable to pass the vehicle. If the MIL stays lit this is a
deficiency. It may be necessary to wait as much as 30 seconds before re-testing to allow the
system to re-set. If the MIL illuminates on system initialisation, then goes out and then flashes this
should be advised
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38 Service Brake Operation
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Air pressure or vacuum systems gauge reading drops when
pedal depressed indicating a leak in the system.
Major
2
Hydraulic systems (other than full power systems):
a.
pedal creeps down to the floor when depressed.
Major
b.
sponginess when pedal depressed.
Major
3
(i)
Servo unit defective or ineffective.
Major
(ii) Pedal does not dip when engine started, indicating lack of
assistance for brake systems assisted by engine vacuum.
Dangerous*
4
Full pressure hydraulic system pressure is not maintained for
10 minutes when the brakes are off and the engine is stopped.
Major
5
Any of the required ABS or ABS/EBS or ESC warning
lamps:
a.
are missing.
Major
b.
do not illuminate as required when ignition switched on.
Major
c.
indicate a fault.
Major
6
Vehicles fitted with ABS or ABS/EBS or ESC:
a.
a system component obviously missing or excessively
damaged.
Major
b.
system wiring excessively damaged.
Major
c.
(i)
a system component with an inappropriate modification.
Major
(ii) a system component with an unsafe modification which has
seriously weakened the component, does not provide
sufficient clearance to other vehicle parts or renders the
component inoperative.
Dangerous
d.
an ESC system switch insecure or faulty or which does not
allow automatic resetting of the ESC function to “on” at system
energisation.
Major
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38 Service Brake Operation
7
On vehicles and trailers both fitted with ISO 7638 (ABS/EBS)
lead sockets an ISO 7638 connecting lead not fitted or being
used.
Major
8
A mandatory ABS system not fitted to a vehicle where it is a
mandatory requirement.
Major
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39 Hand Operated Brake Control Valves
Application
This examination applies to all hand operated control valves on vehicles which operate secondary
brakes, trailer brakes, spring brakes and lock actuators.
Procedure and Standards
Certain air valves are subject to a slight amount of leakage, and this is not a deficiency.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Control valve:
a.
on a motor vehicle unable to be operated from the driving
Major
position.
b.
insecure.
Major
c.
fractured, cracked, damaged or excessively corroded.
Major
d.
impeded in its travel.
Major
e.
leaking.
Major
f.
excessive wear in the gate or lever located mechanism.
Major
g.
malfunctioning.
Major
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41 Condition of Chassis
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
For integral construction the term chassis should also be taken to apply to the underframe.
For vehicles without a chassis those parts of the body must be examined which take the place of
the chassis.
When assessing corrosion, it must only be regarded as a deficiency if it is sufficiently
advanced to obviously impair the strength of a load bearing member.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Any main or cross member:
a.
(i)
fractured, cracked, corroded, or deformed.
Major
(ii)
fractured, cracked, with excessive corrosion, or deformed,
Dangerous*
so that the control of the vehicle is likely to be affected.
2
Frame and/or cross member fastenings:
a.
(i)
insecure flitch plates and/or fastenings or welds breaking
Major
away.
(ii)
insecure flitch plates and/or fastenings or welds breaking
Dangerous*
away so that the control of the vehicle is likely to be
affected.
3
Integral body replacement panels:
a.
(i)
of an obviously unsuitable material.
Major
(ii) of an obviously unsuitable material and stability impaired.
Dangerous*
b.
(i)
not adequately secured by an appropriate method.
Major
(ii)
not adequately secured by an appropriate method and
Dangerous*
stability impaired.
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42 Electrical Wiring and Equipment
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
If the battery is only held in place by the cables and by a lip on the carrier this cannot be
considered to be secure.
Switches not on the main switch or control panel and which are not likely to confuse the driver
by their presence are not required to be marked.
There is no need to remove destination box panels, as a matter of course. The inspection
requires a check on all visible wiring for condition, position and security. The test is generally
limited to those parts which can be seen without dismantling and is based on the assumption
that panels will only be removed where it is not possible to inspect safety critical items. We
wouldn’t normally consider that this would apply to wiring contained in destination box panels
unless there was reason to suspect seriously defective wiring.
The check on electrical circuits over 100 volts for protection by double pole switches or
isolating switches and located inside the vehicle and accessible to the driver or crew also
includes any external mains power supplied to the vehicle.
Where it is not possible to inspect batteries for condition and leaks every effort should be made to
inspect the area where the batteries are installed to confirm there are no signs of leakage.
When checking the condition and security of the wiring, care needs to be taken when inspecting
the high voltage systems of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Electric Vehicles. These high voltage
wires are colour coded orange.
A trailer electrical socket with a defective or missing cover flap that incorporates a lug and
spring to hold the plug in place is not considered to be a defect.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Wiring:
a.
(i)
chafing, damaged or deteriorated insulation.
Minor
(ii)
chafed, damaged or deteriorated insulation, which is likely
to cause a short circuit fault.
Major
(iii)
chafed, damaged or deteriorated insulation, with obvious
risk of fire.
Dangerous
b.
(i)
not adequately secured.
Minor
(ii)
not adequately secured with fixings touching sharp edges
and or connectors likely to be disconnected.
Major
(iii)
not adequately secured and wiring likely to touch hot or
rotating parts or the ground.
Dangerous*
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42 Electrical Wiring and Equipment
2
Battery:
a.
(i)
and/or carrier insecure.
Minor
(ii)
and/or carrier insecure and likely to become displaced or
cause a short circuit.
Major
b.
case leaking.
Major
c.
switch or fuse defective.
Major
d.
container inadequately vented.
Major
e.
cell closures missing or insecure.
Major
3
A trailer electrical socket:
a.
(i)
insecure.
Minor
(ii)
insecure and likely to become detached.
Major
b.
(i)
damaged or deteriorated.
Minor
(ii)
damaged or deteriorated to the extent that the connecting
lead cannot be securely connected.
Major
4
A Power train:
a.
insecure.
Major
b.
presents a risk of fire or injury.
Dangerous
5
Circuits of over 100 volts are not:
a.
protected by double pole switches or isolating switches.
Major
b.
situated inside the vehicle.
Minor
c.
accessible to the driver or crew.
Minor
6
Television receiver visible to the driver whilst driving.
Major
7
Ignition or charging system not adequately suppressed.
Minor
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43 Engine and Transmission Mountings
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles, including Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Electric Vehicles.
Where there is separate power train equipment, this should be treated as an engine/transmission.
Procedure and Standards
Serious fractures in clutch or bell housings which affect the security of the engine or gearbox
are to be considered a deficiency.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
Any mounting or subframe:
a. (i)
securing nuts/bolts loose or missing.
Major
(ii)
securing nuts/bolts loose or missing to such an extent that
Dangerous*
road safety is endangered.
b. (i)
cracked or fractured.
Major
(ii)
cracked or fractured to such an extent that road safety is
Dangerous*
endangered.
c. (i)
badly deteriorated.
Major
(ii)
badly deteriorated to such an extent that road safety is
Dangerous*
endangered.
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44 Oil and Waste Leaks
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
Procedure and Standards
Check for oil leaks without operating any equipment other than the engine which may be run at
tick-over speed.
Very bad oil leaks are a reason for refusing to carry out the test. If the test is suspended for
this reason the presenter will be notified of this using form VTP12.
Oil deposited onto body work, exhaust or brake systems should not be categorised as deficient
unless the leak causing the deposit exists at the time of test.
Temporary means of preventing leaked oil reaching the ground such as fabricated drip trays
consisting of sheet metal supported by wire strands are not acceptable.
Fabricated repairs to an oil pipe which effectively stop an oil leak are acceptable.
“Waste” includes effluent from toilets and other devices but does not include water from sinks.
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1
(i)
Any oil leak which can deposit oil at a rate in excess of a
Major
75mm diameter pool in 5 minutes or a number of leaks which
collectively would deposit oil in excess of this.
(ii) Any oil leak which can deposit oil in a continuous flow or
Dangerous
constitutes a serious risk of fire.
2
Leakage of waste which is likely to cause unpleasant or
Major
dangerous conditions for other road users or damage road
surfaces.
3
Leakages which when the vehicle is in motion, can heavily
Major
contaminate the vehicle such that it causes a health or fire risk.
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45 Fuel Tanks and System
Application
This inspection applies to all fuel tanks which are permanently attached to vehicles and to
trailers, including gas fuel tanks and cylinders, bottles and other types of fuel container.
For Hydrogen Fuel Cell vehicles, hydrogen tanks will be classed as fuel tanks.
Procedure and Standards
Seepage is not a deficiency.
Fabricated and "emergency" fuel caps are acceptable provided that they function correctly.
Where possible the tank cap should be opened to check the sealing arrangements.
Very bad fuel leaks are a reason for refusing to carry out the test. If the test is suspended for
this reason the presenter will be notified of this using form VTP12.
A fuel leak caused by a defect contaminating the road surface will be considered a hazard to
other road users.
If the vehicle is powered by gas and suffers a leak this should be treated in the same manner
as a normal fuel leak and VTG12 action taken. The vehicle should be moved to a well ventilated
area away from people and buildings. If the leak is of a serious nature evacuate the building.
It is not necessary to run the engine but if a leak is present when the engine is running this is
considered a deficiency under 2a.
It is not necessary to run combustion heaters as part of this inspection.
If a fuel tank assembly is seen to be holed, but the hole is above the fuel level, this is
considered a deficiency under 1d.
Where possible, LPG, CNG, LNG and Hydrogen tanks should be inspected for damage
(including dents) and corrosion. There will only be a deficiency where damage and/or corrosion is
considered excessive.
Note: corrosion will only normally apply to type 1 (steel tanks).
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45 Fuel Tanks and System
Deficiency
Deficiency
Category
1.
Fuel tank:
a.
strap or support broken or missing.
Major
b.
so insecure on its mountings that it is likely to drop away partially
or completely when the vehicle is used.
Dangerous*
c.
heat shield missing, or defective to such an extent it constitutes
an obvious fire risk.
Dangerous
d.
defective such that leakage of fuel is possible.
Major
e.
LPG/CNG/LNG/Hydrogen tank excessively damaged and/or
corroded
Major
2.
Fuel System:
a. (i) leaking and does not represent an obvious hazard to other road
users.
Major
(ii) leaking and represents an obvious hazard to other road users.
Dangerous
b. (i) pipes damaged (restricted/chafed) or so positioned that they are
fouled by moving parts of the vehicle.
Minor
(ii) pipes so damaged (restricted/chafed), insecure or with an
inadequate repair, such that they are likely to fail and leak which
would cause danger to persons on the vehicle or to other road
users.
Major
c.
with a pipe or pipes immediately adjacent to or in contact with
electrical wiring.
Major
d.
carburettor driptray and/or drain pipe missing.
Major
3.
Filler Cap:
a.
missing.
Dangerous
b.
does not fasten securely:
• by a positive means, or
• such that pressure is not maintained on the sealing
arrangement.
Major
c.
sealing washer torn, deteriorated or missing, or a
mounting flange/sealing method defective such that leakage of
fuel is possible.
Major
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46 Exhaust Systems and Nuisance
Application
This inspection applies to all vehicles.
This inspection applies to all under bonnet noise deadening material fitted as original equipment.
This inspection includes ancillary equipment such as toilets, cooking, heating, catering,
entertaining and any other special features.
Procedure and Standards
Where a vehicle is refused for exhaust system leaking, the emission test could be affected by
the induction of air into the exhaust system. When presented for retest the emission test must be
rechecked.
Minor leaks are acceptable.
The position of exhaust outlets should be at the rear or offside of the vehicle. This is not a
requirement for Bus directive or ECE Regulation vehicles.
The inspection of grease shields is only concerned with those approved at the time the
vehicle was certified, or where there is evidence that grease is being thrown onto the hot part of
the exhaust pipe. There is no requirement for schedule 6 minibuses to be fitted with exhaust
grease shields.
An excessively deteriorated exhaust is not a deficiency providing deficiencies 1.a and 1.b do
not apply.
Check for the presence of the silencer and assess its effectiveness in reducing, so far as is
reasonable, noise caused by the exhaust.
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