---
pretty_name: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Power Plants (EPA GHGRP + EIA Form 923)
license: other
license_name: us-government-public-domain
license_link: https://www.usa.gov/government-copyright
language:
  - en
tags:
  - climate
  - greenhouse-gas
  - emissions
  - energy
  - electricity
  - epa
  - eia
  - parquet
size_categories:
  - 1M<n<10M
configs:
  - config_name: emissions
    data_files: parquet/emissions.parquet
    default: true
  - config_name: facilities
    data_files: parquet/facilities.parquet
  - config_name: emissions_by_gas
    data_files: parquet/emissions_by_gas.parquet
  - config_name: emissions_by_process
    data_files: parquet/emissions_by_process.parquet
  - config_name: parent_companies
    data_files: parquet/parent_companies.parquet
  - config_name: facility_map
    data_files: parquet/facility_map.parquet
  - config_name: power_plants
    data_files: parquet/power_plants.parquet
  - config_name: power_facility_year
    data_files: parquet/power_facility_year.parquet
  - config_name: eia923_generation_fuel
    data_files: parquet/eia923_generation_fuel.parquet
  - config_name: eia923_fuel_receipts
    data_files: parquet/eia923_fuel_receipts.parquet
---

# U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Power Plants, 2010-2025

Clean, typed Parquet tables built from U.S. government spreadsheets:

- **EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP)**: the 2023 Data Summary Spreadsheets (2010-2023):
  emissions from about 7,500 large facilities and systems, by gas and process; fuel suppliers; CO2 storage.
- **EPA GHGRP parent company data**: who owns each facility, with ownership shares (2010-2023).
- **EPA GHGRP-ORIS crosswalk** and **EPA/EIA power sector crosswalk**: link GHGRP facilities to power plants
  and generators.
- **EIA Form 923** (Power Plant Operations Report), 2010-2025: electricity generation and fuel use by every
  U.S. plant of 1 MW or more, fuel deliveries and costs, stocks, and environmental data (cooling water,
  coal ash, pollution controls).

These are the tables behind the **U.S. Emissions Explorer** dashboards. Every column is documented in the
Malloy semantic model that ships with the project (`models/*.malloy`, `#(doc)` tags).

## Tables (`parquet/`)

| Table | Rows | One row per |
|---|---:|---|
| `emissions` | 108k | facility x year x reporting category (main GHGRP fact table, metric tons CO2e) |
| `emissions_by_gas` | 278k | emissions report x gas |
| `emissions_by_process` | 144k | point-source report x process (sums exactly to the total; includes an "Unallocated" remainder) |
| `emissions_sectors`, `emissions_subparts` | 119k / 169k | report x listed sector / EPA subpart (membership bridges; do not sum through them) |
| `facilities` | 11k | GHGRP facility (latest name, location, NAICS, sectors, FRS ID) |
| `subparts` | 56 | EPA subpart code lookup |
| `supplier_quantities` | 12k | supplier x year x product (CO2e embodied in fuel supplied; not emissions) |
| `co2_injection` | 1k | facility x year x CO2 injected / sequestered |
| `parent_companies` | 130k | facility x year x parent company (`ownership_share` sums to 1; `attributed_co2e` = emissions x share) |
| `facility_map` | 107k | facility x year, map-ready: location, industry, emissions, rank, change since 2011, owners, power stats |
| `ghgrp_oris_crosswalk` | 2k | GHGRP facility x ORIS (power plant) code |
| `power_generators` / `power_plants` | 5.8k / 1.7k | fossil generator / plant: capacity (MW), fuel, technology, status, retirement year |
| `power_facility_year` | 23k | GHGRP power facility x year: EIA generation vs GHGRP emissions, tons CO2e per MWh |
| `eia923_generation_fuel` (+ `_monthly`) | 223k / 2.1M | plant x year x prime mover x fuel: net generation (MWh) and fuel burned (MMBtu) |
| `eia923_energy_storage` | 6k | storage plant x year |
| `eia923_generator_generation` (+ `_monthly`) | 59k / 572k | generator x year |
| `eia923_boiler_fuel` (+ `_monthly`) | 143k / 948k | boiler x fuel x year, with sulfur and ash content |
| `eia923_fuel_receipts` | 635k | fuel delivery record: quantity, quality, supplier, coal mine, delivered cost |
| `eia923_plant_stocks_monthly`, `eia923_stocks_by_region_monthly` | 249k / 35k | fuel stockpiles |
| `eia923_plant_frame`, `eia923_plants` | 145k / 16k | plants expected to report / plant lookup |
| `eia923_nonutility_disposition` | 100k | non-utility plant electricity sources and uses |
| `eia923_byproduct_disposition` | 109k | coal ash and scrubber byproducts (thousand tons) |
| `eia923_environmental_finance`, `eia923_fgd_operations` | 10k / 12k | pollution-control spending, scrubber costs |
| `eia923_emissions_control`, `eia923_boiler_nox_operations`, `eia923_fgp_operations` | 94k / 6k / 4k | pollution-control equipment operation |
| `eia923_cooling_monthly` | 256k | cooling water withdrawal, consumption and temperatures |

## Things to know

- **Units:** GHGRP values are metric tons of CO2-equivalent using IPCC AR4 global warming potentials.
  Biogenic CO2 is reported separately and is not in totals.
- **Supplier quantities are not emissions.** Never add them to the emissions totals; that would double count.
- **2010 GHGRP coverage is narrower.** Start trends at 2011.
- **Gaps filled from the multi-year workbook.** The 2018-2022 annual GHGRP workbooks in EPA's zip contain no
  oil & gas, utility, SF6 or supplier rows. Those years come from the multi-year workbook (totals only;
  `has_gas_detail = false`).
- **EIA markers.** `W` (withheld) and `.` (not applicable) are nulls; `*_withheld` flags mark withheld values.
- **Emissions per MWh.** `power_facility_year.tons_co2e_per_mwh` divides by fuel-burning generation only,
  so co-located nuclear or hydro units don't dilute it.
- **One flagged row.** `eia923_byproduct_disposition.is_implausible` flags a single unit-entry error
  (plant 641, 2022).

## Sources

Built from U.S. EPA (https://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/data-sets) and U.S. EIA
(https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/) public data. U.S. federal government works are in the public
domain; this processed copy is offered under the same terms, without warranty.