---
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: date
    dtype: timestamp[ns, tz=UTC]
  - name: plant_code
    dtype: int64
  - name: gauge_id
    dtype: string
  - name: discharge_cfs
    dtype: float64
  - name: gauge_lat
    dtype: float64
  - name: gauge_lon
    dtype: float64
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 684740
    num_examples: 13140
  download_size: 162361
  dataset_size: 684740
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
---

# USGS Streamflow Near U.S. Power Plants (2022–2023)

This dataset provides daily streamflow observations from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) for rivers and streams located near a sampled subset of U.S. electric power plants. It is intended for studies of hydrologic constraints on power generation, climate vulnerability analysis, and machine-learning applications requiring hydrology–infrastructure relationships.

## Contents

The dataset includes:

* 13,140 daily streamflow records
* 18 matched USGS gauges
* 50 power plants sampled from the EIA-860 registry
* Daily streamflow from 2022-01-01 to 2023-12-31 (where available)

Each record represents the discharge at the nearest available USGS gauge to a specific power plant on a specific day.

## Variables

| Column            | Description                                         |
| ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
| **date**          | Timestamp of observation (UTC, daily mean)          |
| **plant_code**    | EIA plant identifier (from EIA-860 plant registry)  |
| **gauge_id**      | USGS site identifier                                |
| **discharge_cfs** | Mean daily discharge in cubic feet per second (CFS) |
| **gauge_lat**     | Latitude of USGS gauge (WGS84)                      |
| **gauge_lon**     | Longitude of USGS gauge (WGS84)                     |

## Methodology

1. For each sampled power plant, a bounding box of ±0.5° latitude/longitude was used to search for USGS gauges with daily discharge data (`parameterCd = 00060`).
2. If multiple gauges were found, the closest in geographic distance was selected.
3. Daily discharge was retrieved for January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2023.
4. Observations were merged with plant identifiers for cross-analysis.

## Source

* **USGS National Water Information System (NWIS)**
  Daily Discharge (Parameter 00060)
  [https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis](https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis)

## Processing Notes

* Only gauges with available daily discharge time series were retained.
* Some plants have no nearby gauge; resulting dataset includes streamflow for 18 of 50 sampled plants.
* All timestamps were converted to pandas datetime format for consistency.
* All columns use lowercase snake_case formatting.

## Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite:

**2imi9. USGS Streamflow Near U.S. Power Plants (2022–2023). Hugging Face Datasets.**
[https://huggingface.co/datasets/2imi9/us-power-climate-data-streamflow](https://huggingface.co/datasets/2imi9/us-power-climate-data-streamflow)