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ISAF defines EoFs as “a defensive process which seeks to determine the presence of a threat, its eventual extent and when applicable to match the threat with an appropriate defensive response for Force protection.”420 ERW: Explosive Remnants of War refer to unexploded ordnance (UXO) and abandoned explosive ordnance (AXO).
Explosive weapons: Explosive weapons are not explicitly defined by international law. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Explosive weapons generally consist of a casing with a high-explosive filling and whose destructive effects result mainly from the blast wave and fragmentation produced by detonation.
Mortars, artillery shells, aircraft bombs, rocket and missile warheads, and many improvised explosive devices (IEDs) fall under this term.
Certain types of explosive weapons may be categorized as light weapons (e.g. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable launchers of anti-tank missile and rocket systems; portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems; and mortars of calibres of less than 100 mm).
Many explosive weapons, such as aircraft bombs, rockets systems, artillery and larger mortars are categorized as heavy weapons.421 Ground engagements: Ground engagements include kinetic ground operations, stand-off attacks, crossfire and armed clashes between parties to the conflict. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Ground engagements include attacks or operations in which small arms, heavy weapons and/or area weapons systems, i.e.
mortars and rockets are fired.
Heavy weapons: Although the term ‘heavy weapons’ is widely used, there is no commonly agreed international definition.422 Typical examples include large mortars, rockets systems and artillery.
(See Explosive weapons above). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
(See Explosive weapons above).
High Explosive Training Range: A range used by military or security forces to employ weapon systems that use explosive ammunition, including heavy weapons.
IDP: Internally Displaced Person(s). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
According to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, internally displaced persons (also known as "IDPs") are "persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized border." | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
IED: Improvised Explosive Device.
A bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action.
IEDs can broadly be divided into four categories: Command-Operated IEDs, Victim-Operated IEDs, Suicide IEDs, and Other IEDs.
Command-Operated IEDs – Radio or remote controlled IEDs (RC-IEDs) operated from a distance that can enable operators to detonate a pre-placed device at the precise time a target moves into the target 420 UNAMA interview with ISAF HQ, 31 January 2014, Kabul. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
421 Borrie, J. and Brehm, M., ‘Enhancing civilian protection from use of explosive weapons in populated areas: building a policy and research agenda’, in International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 93, Number 883.
See also footnotes 33 and 196.
422 Heavy weapons are not mentioned in international human rights or international humanitarian law standards.
Moyes, R., Brehm, M. and Nash, T., Heavy weapons and civilian protection, Article 36 (2012). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 108 area.423 RC-IEDs include user-detonated IEDs, such as roadside IEDs, and objects and animals rigged with IED devices, such as vehicles, bicycles, motorcycles and donkeys.
Magnetic-IEDs are IEDs attached by a magnetic or other device and are a sub-category of command-operated IEDs; UNAMA records these devices separately due to the common delivery method in Afghanistan, i.e., placement on vehicles of targeted individuals. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Victim-Operated IEDs – A victim-operated IED detonates when a person or vehicle triggers the initiator or switch which could be a pressure plate (PP-IED) or pressure release mechanism, trip wire or another device, resulting in an explosion.
424 Other IEDs – This category includes command-wired IEDs and timed-IEDs (since 2009, UNAMA has recorded very few incidents from these switch types), and IEDs where the trigger/switch type for detonation could not be determined. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Suicide IEDs – Separately from data on IEDs, UNAMA documents civilian casualties resulting from complex and suicide attacks.
Suicide IEDs are generally either Body-Borne IEDs (BB-IEDs) or Suicide Vehicle-Borne IEDs (SVB-IEDs). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Body-Borne IEDs refer to situations where a suicide bomber wears an explosive vest or belt while Suicide Vehicle-Borne IEDs is defined as the detonation of a vehicle rigged with explosives by a driver or passenger inside the vehicle, or the detonation of a BB-IED by the driver or a passenger while inside the vehicle. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
IED Exploitation: IED Exploitation is the process of identifying, collecting, processing and disseminating information and material gathered from an IED incident site to gain actionable intelligence, to improve counter-IED procedures and methods, to decrease the resources of insurgents and to support prosecutions.
It includes preservation, identification and recovery of IED components for technical, forensic and biometric examination and analysis and is carried out by authorized specialist facilities. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
IED exploitation is a critical component of effective and sustainable counter-IED measures.
Incidents: Events with a nexus to the armed conflict resulting in civilian casualties, civilian abductions, or damage to civilian property, as well as threats/intimidation/harassment related to the armed conflict and the military use of medical and health-care facilities by parties to the conflict.
Imam: A religious scholar who leads prayers. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Imam: A religious scholar who leads prayers.
International military forces: “international military forces” include all foreign troops forming part of NATO-led Operation Resolute Support (formerly International Security Assistance Force, ISAF) and other US Forces Afghanistan (including Operation Freedom’s Sentinel, which replaced Operation Enduring Freedom on 1 January 2015) who are under the Commander of Resolute Support (COM-RS), who is also Commander of the US Forces in Afghanistan. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
The term also encompasses Special Operations Forces and other foreign intelligence and security forces.
Injuries: Include physical injuries of varying severity.
The degree of severity of injury is not recorded in the databases of UNAMA.
Injuries do not include shock or non-physical effects or consequences of incidents, such as psychological trauma.
ISAF: International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
ISAF operated under a peace enforcement mandate pursuant to Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.
ISAF was deployed under the authority of the United Nations Security Council.
In August 2003, at the request of the 423 Small Arms Survey, Improvised Explosive Devices, Chapter 10 ‘Infernal Machines,’ pp.
220-221.
424 Ibid.
Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 109 Government of Afghanistan and the United Nations, NATO took command of ISAF. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
From November 2008, the Commander of ISAF served as Commander of US Forces Afghanistan, although the chains of command remained separate.
United Nations Security Council resolution 2120 (2013) reaffirmed previous resolutions on ISAF and extended the authorisation of ISAF for 14 months until 31 December 2014.
As of 1 January 2015, ISAF was replaced by the Resolute Support Mission (see Resolute Support Mission). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Light weapons: Weapons designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew, although some may be carried and used by a single person. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
They include, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti-tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres.425 Mahram: A women’s husband, or her immediate male relative (i.e., father, brother, paternal and maternal uncles and her nephews) with whom marriage is proscribed for her under Shari’a law. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
MoI: Ministry of Interior.
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Members of NATO are the main troop-contributing States to the Resolute Support Mission (see Resolute Support Mission and ISAF).
NDS: National Directorate of Security, Afghanistan’s State intelligence service.
NGO: Non-Governmental Organization. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
NGO: Non-Governmental Organization.
Pro-Government armed groups: The term “pro-Government armed group” refers to an organized armed non-State actor engaged in conflict and distinct from Government Forces, rebels and criminal groups.
Pro-Government armed groups do not include the Afghan Local Police, which fall under the command and control of the Ministry of Interior.
These armed groups have no legal basis under the laws of Afghanistan. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Armed groups have the capacity to employ arms in the use of force to achieve political, ideological or other objectives; are not within the formal military structures of States, State- alliances or intergovernmental organizations; and are not under the control of the State(s) in which they operate.
In some cases, armed groups receive direct/indirect support of the host Government or other States. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
This definition includes, but is not limited to, the following groups: “national uprising movements”426, local militias (ethnically, clan or otherwise based), and civil defence forces and paramilitary groups (when such groups are clearly not under State control).
Pro-Government Forces: Afghan Government National Security Forces and other forces and groups that act in military or paramilitary counter-insurgency operations and are directly or indirectly under the control of the Government of Afghanistan. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
These forces include, but are not limited to, the ABP, Afghan Local Police, ANA, ANP, NDS and other Pro-Government local defence forces. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Afghanistan National Security Forces include: ANA, which reports to the Ministry of Defence and is formally incorporated into the armed forces of Afghanistan; and forces under the authority of the Ministry of Interior which include: Afghan Local Police, which are considered a de facto part of the armed forces because of their function and do not have the legal protection afforded to civilians; and ANP, ANCOP and ABP, which are law enforcement agencies not formally incorporated into the 425 International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons, Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 8 December 2005, A/CONF.192/15, accessible at: http://www.un.org/events/smallarms2006/pdf/international_instrument.pdf. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
426 See Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict Annual Reports 2014 for definitions and details of engagement of members of national uprising movements in the conflict.
Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 110 armed forces of Afghanistan and report to the Ministry of Interior.
Members of law enforcement agencies lose their protection as civilians when they function as part of the armed forces or directly participate in hostilities. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
For members of police units that never have combat functions, the use of force in self-defence is not considered to result in a loss of protection as a civilian.
Pro-Government Forces also include international military forces and other foreign intelligence and security forces (see international military forces).
Pro-Government Militia: See pro-Government armed groups. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Resolute Support (RS): On 1 January 2015, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) transitioned from its International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan to its non-combat Resolute Support mission (to train, assist and advise Afghan national security forces). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Unlike ISAF, which was authorized by the United Nations Security Council, the legal basis for Resolute Support is provided by a Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA), signed in Kabul on 30 September 2014 and ratified by the Afghan Parliament on 27 November 2014.
United Nations Security Council resolution 2189 (2014) welcomed the bilateral agreement between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and NATO to establish RSM. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
As of December 2016, the Resolute Support force comprised 13,332 soldiers from 39 Troop Contributing Nations, organized in five regional Train, Advise Assist Commands (TAACs) – Capital, North, East, South, West.
The Commander of Resolute Support also serves as Commander of US Forces Afghanistan, although the chains of command remain separate.
Small arms: Weapons designed for individual use. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Small arms: Weapons designed for individual use.
They include, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns.427 SOPs: Standard Operating Procedures. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Targeted Killing: Intentional, premeditated and deliberate use of lethal force by States or their agents acting under colour of law (or by an organized armed group in armed conflict) against a specific individual who is not in the perpetrator’s physical custody.428 UNAMA documents civilian casualties arising directing and collaterally from such attacks.
See Chapter on Anti-Government Targeted Killings Resulting in Civilian Casualties. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Tashkil: Dari word meaning “structure” that refers to the official staffing table and equipment allocations authorized by the Government of Afghanistan for a particular Government entity, including security forces and civilian Government.
UNDSS: United Nations Department of Safety and Security. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
427 International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons, Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 8 December 2005, A/CONF.192/15, accessible at: http://www.un.org/events/smallarms2006/pdf/international_instrument.pdf. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
428 Although in most circumstances targeted killings violate the right to life, in the exceptional circumstance of armed conflict, they may be legal provided that relevant provisions of IHL and human rights law are respected.
See United Nations General Assembly, Human Rights Council 14th Session, Agenda item 3, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extra-Judicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, Philip Alston.
Addendum, ‘Study on Targeted Killings’.
A/HRC/14/24/Add.6.
10 May 2010. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
A/HRC/14/24/Add.6.
10 May 2010.
In UNAMA, for database recording purposes, the category of targeted killings also includes some cases of killings where the victim was briefly in the perpetrator’s custody at the time of the killing but the custody did not amount to an abduction, i.e. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
the person identified to be killed is stopped by armed individuals, their identity is confirmed, and then the attackers kill the person, commonly at illegal checkpoints, Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 111 UNAMA: United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan.
UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
USSOF: United States Special Operations Forces.
UXO: Unexploded Ordnance. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
UXO: Unexploded Ordnance.
War Crimes: War crimes are serious violations of treaty or customary international humanitarian law. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Under the definition of “war crimes” of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (Rome Statute), war crimes429 include serious violations of common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions, including violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment; taking of hostages; the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all judicial guarantees which are generally recognized as indispensable. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
429 ICC Statute, Article 8.
Customary international law applicable in both international and non-international armed conflicts defines war crimes as serious violations of international humanitarian law.
Rule 156.
Definition of War Crimes.
ICRC, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume 1, Rules ed.
Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck (CU P/ICRC, Cambridge 2005) {ICRC Study}. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 112 Annex 1: Attacks Claimed by Taliban: Breakdown by Target Type Attacks directed at Afghan national security forces , international military forces and pro- Government armed groups Afghan National Police 59 Afghan Local Police 25 Afghan National Army 18 Afghan national security forces 19 National Directorate of Security 10 Afghan Border Police 7 International military forces and other 3 Pro-Government militia 2 Total attacks against security/military forces resulting in civilian casualties and claimed by Taliban on website or twitter: 143 Attacks directed at civilians and civilian objectives Other civilian target 28 Civilian Government Administration 22 Judges, prosecutors and judicial staff 16 Tribal Elders 5 Contractors / Labourers 4 Healthcare 1 Humanitarian de-miners 2 Private Security Company 2 Education 1 United Nations 1 Total attacks claimed by Taliban directed at civilians or civilian locations which resulted in civilian casualties: 82 Total attacks claimed by Taliban which resulted in civilian casualties: 225 Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 113 Annex 2: Table of Taliban Allegations of “War Crimes” TOTAL UNAMA Documentation Results Attribution 254 139 cases documented by UNAMA prior to publication of the Taliban statements 39 cases had the same number of casualties 07 case had the same number of casualties with different ratio between killed and wounded 36 to Pro-Government Forces | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
killed and wounded 36 to Pro-Government Forces 05 to Pro-Government Forces and Anti- Government Elements 05 to AGEs 47 cases had a lower number of casualties 39 to Pro-Government Forces 04 to Pro-Government Forces and Anti- Government Elements 04 to AGEs 30 cases had a higher number of casualties 20 to Pro-Government Forces 01 to Pro-Government Forces and Anti- Government Elements 09 to AGEs 04 case was not related to armed conflict 12 case casualties were not civilian or did not have casualties at all. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
65 cases documented by UNAMA after publication of the Taliban statements 22 cases had the same number of casualties 05 case had the same number of casualties with a different ratio between killed and wounded 15 to Pro-Government Forces 08 to Pro-Government Forces and Anti- Government Elements 04 to AGEs 12 cases had a lower number of casualties 08 to Pro-Government Forces 02 to Pro-Government Forces and Anti- Government Elements 02 to AGEs 04 case had a higher number of casualties 03 to Pro-Government Forces 01 to Pro-Government Forces and Anti- Government Elements 03 case was not related to armed conflict 19 cases the casualties were not civilian or did not have casualties at all. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
50 cases could not be confirmed by UNAMA.
Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 114 Annex 3: Press Statements by USFOR-A PUBLIC AFFAIRS Update on civilian casualties near Kunduz (Nov. 5, 2016) KABUL, Afghanistan (Nov. 5, 2016) - An initial investigation has determined that efforts near Kunduz Nov. 3 to defend Afghan National Defense and Security Forces likely resulted in civilian casualties. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
"I deeply regret the loss of innocent lives, regardless of the circumstances.
The loss of innocent life is a tragedy and our thoughts are with the families," said Gen. John W. Nicholson, commander of U.S.
Forces - Afghanistan.
"We will work with our Afghan partners to investigate and determine the facts and we will work with the Government of Afghanistan to provide assistance."
On. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
On.
Nov. 3, Afghan forces advised by U.S. forces, conducted a mission in Boz Village, Kunduz district, Kunduz targeting Taliban leaders who were planning additional attacks in Kunduz city.
During the course of the operation, friendly forces encountered significant enemy fire from multiple locations and defended themselves with ground fire and U.S. air-to-ground engagements.
Initial reports indicate several Taliban leaders and Taliban members were killed in the engagement. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
As of the Government of Afghanistan has said, the presence of Taliban in Kunduz province continues to present a threat to the people.
We will continue to support our Afghan partners as they defend the people of Afghanistan.
USFOR-A Public Affairs Office http://www.rs.nato.int/article/press-releases/update-on-civilian-casualties-near-kunduz-nov.-5- 2016.html Civilian casualties confirmed in Boz Village, Kunduz KABUL, Afghanistan (Jan. 12, 2017) — U.S. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Forces – Afghanistan completed its investigation into an allegation that civilian casualties were caused by U.S. and Afghan forces during a partnered military operation in Boz Village, Kunduz, Nov. 2-3, 2016.
The investigation determined, regretfully, that 33 civilians were killed and 27 wounded.
To defend themselves and Afghan forces, U.S. forces returned fire in self-defense at Taliban who were using civilian houses as firing positions. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
"Regardless of the circumstances, I deeply regret the loss of innocent lives," said Gen. John Nicholson, commander of U.S.
Forces – Afghanistan.
“On this occasion the Taliban chose to hide amongst civilians and then attacked Afghan and U.S. forces.
I wish to assure President Ghani and the people of Afghanistan that we will take all possible measures to protect Afghan civilians.
We will continue to assist the Afghan national security forces in their efforts to defend their country." | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
The operation was conducted to capture Taliban leaders responsible for October’s violence in Kunduz.
It was carried out by Afghan special operation forces with a smaller U.S. element to provide advice and assistance.
Upon arrival at the village, friendly forces were soon engaged by the Taliban from multiple civilian buildings. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
As the engagement progressed and friendly forces began to take casualties from Taliban fire coming from civilian buildings, U.S. and Afghan forces were forced to request aerial fire support from U.S. platforms in self defense.
Aerial fires were also used to suppress Taliban who were firing on U.S. medical evacuation assets as the dead and wounded were evacuated. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 115 The investigation concluded that U.S. air assets used the minimum amount of force required to neutralize the various threats from the civilian buildings and protect friendly forces.
The investigation further concluded that no civilians were seen or identified in the course of the battle.
The civilians who were wounded or killed were likely inside the buildings from which the Taliban were firing. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
In addition, a Taliban ammunition cache was struck and exploded which destroyed multiple civilian buildings and may also have killed civilians.
The investigation concluded that U.S. forces acted in self-defense, in accordance with the Law of Armed Conflict, and in accordance with all applicable regulations and policy.
As an indication of the ferocity of the fire faced by friendly forces from the Taliban-occupied houses, two U.S. soldiers and three Afghan Army Commandos were killed. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
In addition, four U.S. soldiers and 11 commandos were wounded.
The investigation concluded that approximately 26 Taliban, including three leaders, were also killed, along with approximately 26 wounded.
It has been determined that no further action will be taken because U.S. forces acted in self-defense and followed all applicable law and policy. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Source: http://www.rs.nato.int/article/press-releases/civilian-casualties-confirmed-in-boz-village- kunduz.html, last accessed 17 January 2017 Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 116 Annex 4: Statement by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on the UNAMA 2016 Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 117 The Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA) is grateful to the United Nations Assistant Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) for sharing its 2016 report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict in Afghanistan. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
The GIRoA gives utmost importance to the prevention and mitigation of any sort of harm to civilians during armed conflict, and keenly appreciates UNAMA’s monitoring and recording of such incidents in our country.
As the report shows, the Afghan people continue to pay a horrifically high price as a result of the on- going conflict, whereby the Taliban and other regional and global terrorist groups seek to deny our citizens the most basic human right to live in peace. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
These terrorists continue to brutalize our innocent citizens indiscriminately with no respect for human dignity, and no regard to Islamic values and International Humanitarian Law.
The report rightly notes the inhumane means and tactics, including suicide and complex attacks, targeted and deliberate killings, use of bombs and other explosive devices, abductions, arbitrary and extrajudicial punishments, and other similar means these terrorists employ against our civilian population. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
With the intensification of their attacks in 2016, in an effort to capture and hold territory, the Taliban and other affiliated terror syndicates caused an immense number of civilian deaths and injuries, showing zero concern for the protection of civilians.
In many cases, they deliberately took refuge in civilian-populated areas, using women and children as human shields. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
As in last year, the report finds women and children as the most affected victims of terrorism in 2016, noting that “Women and girls were killed and maimed by conflict related violence, brutalised by harsh punishments and suffered restrictions and other human rights abuses imposed by Anti-Government Elements. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Such abuses included killings, physical punishments amounting to torture and deliberate limitations imposed on fundamental human rights …” Of children’s victimization, the report paints an equally gloomy picture, noting the killing, rape, abduction, and forced recruitment of under-aged boys by the Taliban, Daish, and other terrorist groups. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Our reports and findings similarly show grave crimes being committed against our people, particularly women and children, by the various terrorist groups that operate in Afghanistan.
These crimes against humanity are utterly alarming, and the GIRoA urges UNAMA to pay particular attention to the increasing rates and trends of victimization of women and children by the Taliban and their affiliated terrorist groups. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
While the GIRoA greatly appreciates UNAMA’s efforts at monitoring the security situation in Afghanistan and reporting the rates and patterns of human rights violations in the conflict, it is necessary to note a few discrepancies, misunderstandings, or misrepresentations in the report. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
This is solely intended to present a fuller, more accurate picture of the realities on the ground, and further strengthen the UNAMA report: • The GIRoA expresses concern about the methodology used by UNAMA, particularly in regards to identification of civilian casualties and the attribution of responsibility for that. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
UNAMA’s approach is appropriate to monitor conventional, mostly interstate conflicts where the parties at war, battle spaces, rules of engagement, and weapons and tactics used are clear and defined.
We, however, are engaged in a fierce counter-terrorism campaign, in which the terrorists wear no uniform, operate among the populations, have no set rules of engagement, and use all means at their disposal to kill and maim our people. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
As a result, in many cases, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to determine with certainty if a casualty is civilian or a combatant.
As such, we respectfully request that Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 118 UNAMA considers adapting its methodology so as to become more suitable for the monitoring of the current conflict. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
• Related to the above is the issue of attribution of responsibility for civilian harm, as the UNAMA report ascribes 23% of the total civilian casualties to pro-government forces.
We respectfully disagree with this figure, and urge UNAMA to revise it appropriately.
Our records and figures show a significantly lower percentage, and we have already taken necessary measures to even further reduce it. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
• The GIRoA takes the report’s recommendations seriously, and continues to consider them in its policies and practices.
For instance, on recommendation to “Cease the use of mortars, rockets, grenades, other indirect weapons, and aerial attacks in civilian-populated areas”, the GIRoA has already put in place policies and procedures that prohibit the use of such weapons in civilian-populated locations, and promptly investigates any potential violation. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
• The GIRoA would also like to clarify that it does not use any civilian facilities, including schools, hospitals, and clinics, for military purposes.
In the event that such action is taken by any military official or government authority, the GIRoA promptly launches an investigation and takes appropriate measures. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
• Throughout 2016, the GIRoA continued its policy of providing support and compensation to families of victims and those who have lost property as a result of the ongoing conflict and ttacks by the terrorist groups.
The government will continue to do so into the future. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
• The GIRoA will also continue to pursue the implementation of its Civilian Casualties Prevention and Mitigation Policy, improving its measures at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels to prevent, mitigate, and minimize harm to civilians during operations by our military forces. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Our High Oversight Board, as well as the Working Group, will continue to meet regularly, review the implementation of the Policy, and report to the top leadership of the country on the status of the implementation of the Policy.
The GIRoA fully recognizes the protection of our civilian population as its utmost duty, and encourages and welcomes any and all efforts that would support us in this cause. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 119 Annex 5: NATO Resolute Support Official Response to the UNAMA 2016 Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 120 Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 121 Annex 6: Taliban Response to UNAMA 2016 Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict د څانکې د بشر حقوق د ملتونو ملګري د کې افغانستان په ١٠٢۶ ميال راپور د تلفاتو ملکي د کال دي ځواب ډير په خو .وکوت راپور ستاسو مونږه .کړ شريک راپور خپل مو سره موږ له چې مننه ډيره څخه ستاسو ملکيانو د چې دی شوی جوړ داسې سره مھارت ډير په راپور ستاسو چې وايو دا سره خواشيني او تأسف امريکا د او شي وښودل زيات تلفات لخوا امارت اسالمي افغانستان د کې ژوبله مرګ په مزدورې د او يانو په تاسو مثال .شي وښودل کم تلفات لخوا ادارې ١٠٢۶ په دولت د اصطالح په ستاسو کې راپور کلني م په پيښې دا چې ددې ځای پر نو .دي راوستي ھم ډلې نورې عالوه څخه امارت اسالمي د کې مخالفينو ارقام يې به ته ډلې ھرې چې شي وويشل حساب په فيصدی د ډلو مختلفو په ټول يې تاسې ورسيږي کم په چې دي ويلي داسې مو کې خلص په راپور د او دي کړي منسوب ته مخالفينو دولت د کې مجموع کې تلفاتو ملکي مجموع۶٢ شوي لخوا ،مجاھدينو امارت اسالمي د خصوصا ،عناصرو ضد دولت د سلنه د چې شوی ورکړل شکل داسې قصدا او ده مبھمه بيا خبره دا چې ،دي ھم تلفات عناصرو ضد دولت نورو امارت اسالمي افغانستان د ګواکې چې شي وښودل دا او ورواوړي امارت اسالمي په کې مجموع په کې پټولو په حقايقو د ستاسو کړنه رنګ دا چې ،لري ونډه زياته کې ژوبله مرګ په وګړو عامو د مجاھدين دی نه وړ | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
کې ژوبله مرګ په وګړو عامو د مجاھدين دی نه وړ منلو د ته مونږ چې دی عمل قصدي او څرګنده .بولو عمل طرفه يو کړنه داسې مونږه او د افغانستان د شبکه حقاني د تاسو چې دی ثبوت پوره تحقق عدم د ستاسو ھم څيړنه دا ستاسو ھمداراز ،دی (مرستيال) معاون امارت د ﷲ حفظه صاحب حقاني چې دا حال او ده ګڼلې جال حخه امارت اسالمي ا اسالمي د بلکې شوه کله ډله جال نو دا او دی امارت دا چې نيشته فرق دا کې امارت په او ده ډله مارت .دی ثبوت پوره اګاھی عدم د ھم عمل دا ستاسو چې کړي حساب جال جال تاسو مګر .شبکه حقاني کې تلفاتو ملکي په دي نه تلفات ملکي کې حقيقت په چې تلفات ھغه کې راپور په ستاسو | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
ملکي کې حقيقت په چې تلفات ھغه کې راپور په ستاسو دې پر سربيره ډي په او دي شوي حساب پورې يرغلګرو او ادارې ګوډاګي د چې دی کړی کوښښ مو سره مھارت ر زيات ارقام تلفاتو دملکي امارت اسالمي د سره دې له چې شي حساب کې ملکيانو په نظاميان تړلې .شي وښودل شميرلي کې ملکيانو په کسان مربوط پورې ادارې ګوډاګي د کې راپور خپل په تاسو څخه دې له عالوه حا او دي عملي چې کمپينيانې امنيتي شخصي مثال ،دي خلک مربوط پورې چارو نظامي په دوی چې دا ل امارت اسالمي د برعکس ددې .جنګيږي خالف امارت اسالمي د توګه مسلحه په او کوي فعاليتونه نظامي ھم کې ځای ھيڅ په کې راپور په ستاسو ځکه ،حسابوئ کې نظاميانو په مامورين تربيې او تعليم د دي نه لخوا امريکايانو د مسؤل واليتي تربيې او تعليم د لپاره واليت ننګرھار د امارت اسالمي د چې راغلي تربيې او تعليم د امريکايانو چې کړې ياده ده نه کې ځای ھيڅ په کې راپور خپل په ھغه تاسو او شو شھيد .کړ شھيد مسؤل ت راپور عاري څخه حقائقو له دومره ھمداراز تاسو پيښې تلفاتو ملکي د لخوا امريکايانو د چې کړی رتيب په تاسو مګر ،دي شوي پيښې ډيرې چې دي روښانه څير په لمر د لکه ٢۴ په ستاسو چې کې تلفاتو سلنه عمل دا چې دي کړي منسوب ته امريکايانو مو سلنه دوه دي شوي لخوا ځواکونو پلوو دولت د اصطالح طرفداري ښکاره امريکايانو د مو .وي شوی به فرمايش په لخوا امريکايانو د غالبا او ده Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 122 کړې يادونه پيښې د کنداري بز د واليت کندز د صرف مو کې تلفاتو ملکي د لخوا امريکايانو د چې دا بله کوي پوښتنه کلکه يې اداره ګوډاګی او امريکايان ګواکې چې ده کړې ياده مو سره مد او شد په دومره او م چې دا حال او د تاسو چې دي ښکيل رسما پکې امريکايان چې دي ثبت پيښې داسې سلګونو په سره وږ مو راپور طرفه يو | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
ثبت پيښې داسې سلګونو په سره وږ مو راپور طرفه يو کړئ ښکاره بري بيخي امريکايان چې لپاره ددې او کړې ده نه يادونه سره د ھغو .دی کړی ترتيب ھ خصوصي يو کې اھدافو مھمو په جھاد دمقدس امارت اسالمي د چې دی وړ يادولو د ھم دا عامو د دف بيايي مخ پر مبارزه جھادي خپله موافق اصولو روښانه د اسالم د اساس ھمدې په چې ده دفاع څخه وګړو خپل او کړي پيدا نجات څخه ظلم د پوڅو الس د ھغو د او امريکايانو يرغلګرو د افغانان مظلوم څو تر ک ترالسه ھدف ھمدغه د .کړي تير موافق اصولو د اسالم د ژوند قيمتي مخنيوي د تلفاتو ملکي د لپاره ولو په چې ده شوې تأسيس اداره مستقله نامه په شکايات سمع او ھر | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
شوې تأسيس اداره مستقله نامه په شکايات سمع او ھر په او څيړي تلفات ملکيانو د سره دقت ډير کره خلکو له او کوي ليدنه څخه سيمې ،له څيړي څخه نږدې له پيښې چې لري نمايندګان خپل کې واليت دغه بيا سره تاسو چې راټولوي معلومات او لرئ نمايندګان کې واليتونو ټولو په تاسو نه .نيشته سھولتونه تاسو چې استناد په کسانو محدودو څو يو د کې راپور په ستاسو .شئ نيولی اړيکې سره متضررينو له نه ملکي چې کې سيمو پرتو لرو کومو په او بس او دي کړي وړاندې نمونې دي ويلي ځپلي مصيبت ورته ھغ د وي شوي تلفات .شوی نيول دی نه تماس بيخي سره و د چې ،اړه دې په چې غواړو څخه تاسو له ،يې ردوو او دی نه وړ دمنلو ته موږ راپور ستاسو بناء نو .وي وړ منلو د چې وکړئ قضاوت داسې او پرې بې تل ،ده خبره تړلې پورې ژوند انسانانو English: Thank you for sharing your report with us. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
We reviewed your report, but unfortunately and regretfully, we say that your report was written skillfully in a way that attributes high numbers of civilian casualties to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and shows low levels of civilian casualties committed by the Americans and the hireling regime.
For instance in your 2016 annual report, in your definitions you include the Islamic Emirate together with other anti-government groups. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Instead of dividing the numbers of civilian casualties between each separate group, which would therefore show lower numbers of casualties for each group, you attribute all casualties to Anti Government Elements.
You then state in the executive summary of the report that all 62 percent of casualties were caused by Anti-Government Elements and in particular by the Islamic Emirate Mujahedeen. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
This is an ambiguous, and is deliberately intended to blame all casualties inflicted by other anti- government groups on the Islamic Emirate and to demonstrate that the Islamic Emirates’ Mujahedeen caused more civilian casualties.
Such conduct is a deliberate effort to conceal facts, which is not acceptable to us and we consider this to be biased. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Your investigation itself proves your lack of veracity in that you counted the Haqani network as a separate body from the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, while Haqani sahib “God may protect him” is the deputy of the Islamic Emirates.
Therefore it is not a separate group but a member of the Islamic Emirates and there is no differences between the Emirate and the Haqani Network.
But you counted them separately, and such action is evidence of your lack of understanding. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict: 2016 123 In addition to this, you counted some civilian casualties in your report which in fact are not civilians, and you skilfully attempted to count the military affiliated staff of the puppet regime as a civilian casualties in order to demonstrate a higher number of civilian casualties by the Islamic Emirates. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
In addition to counting the military-affiliated staff of the puppet administration as civilian casualties in your report, you also include those belong to military structures, for instance private security companies, that practically engage in military activities and in fighting against the Islamic Emirates. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
In contrast the education staff of the Islamic Emirates are counted by you as armed fighters since it is never mentioned in your report that the person assigned as the Head of Education of the Islamic Emirates in Nangarhar has been killed by the Americans and you never mentioned that he was martyred by the Americans. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
You also provided a report that is too far from the reality since there have been too many incidents of civilian casualties by Americans that are obvious but in 24 percent of casualties attributed to Pro-Government Forces only 2 percent are attributed to the Americans, therefore your reporting is sympathetic of the Americans and mainly prepared at their orders. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
Also as regards civilian casualties caused by Americans, you only mentioned the Kunduz (Buzi- kandahari) incident in detail and have mentioned that somehow the Americans and the servant regime will investigate this incident seriously.
However we have many recorded cases where Americans admitted their involvement and you have not mentioned these cases, and for the purpose of showing Americans, fully acquitted, you provided this one sided report. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
It is worth mentioning that one of the main aims of the Islamic Emirates is to defend ordinary people from Americans and their puppet regime and based on this principle, according to the clear Islamic principles will continue our holy jihadi efforts to rescue oppressed Afghan people from the occupier Americans and their puppets, and to ensure that they live according to Islamic principles. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
For this purpose, the civilian casualty Prevention and Complaints Hearing independent department has been established to precisely assess civilian casualties, and has its representative in each province who closely investigates incidents, visiting the incident sites and collects reliable information from communities - the capacity you do not possess.
Neither do you have representatives in all provinces nor are you able to liaise with affected people. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
In your report, you only presented some examples of a few affected individuals and there has been no communication with people in remote areas where casualties occurred.
Therefore, your report is not acceptable for us and we reject it.
We request you that in this matter connected with human lives, you act in an impartial and transparent manner. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1722005266939.pdf | https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf | Uzbekistan |
GAVI Immunization Focus • November 2000 • Page 1 of 9 Immunization Focus A quarterly publication of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization www.VaccineAlliance.org GAVI GAVI is a partnership of public and private organizations dedicated to increasing children’s access world- wide to immunization against killer diseases. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
GAVI Board members: The Bill and Melinda Gates Children’s Vaccine Program The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations National Governments Public Health and Research Institutions The Rockefeller Foundation The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) The World Bank The World Health Organization Immunization Focus is issued quarterly on the GAVI website at www.VaccineAlliance.org It is intended to provide updates and topical debate about key immunization issues at national and international level. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
It can also be sent to you by email.
To receive a free email copy, please send an email message to majordomo@who.int , with « subscribe gavi » in the first line of your message.
If you do not have web access, paper copies of Immunization Focus, downloaded and printed from the web, can be obtained from your national UNICEF or WHO office. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
Letters to the editor are welcome: please write via the GAVI Secretariat, c/o UNICEF, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland, or Gavi@unicef.org Early gains in Africa’s ‘biggest ever’ attack on polio IN the largest synchronized peace- time operation the region has ever seen, 17 countries in West and Central Africa have begun a cam- paign to immunize 70 million chil- dren against polio. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
With the second round due to start in late N o v e m b e r, the early results from the first round, conducted during O c t o b e r, indicate that the campaign has reached a higher proportion of children than any before it.
“Now countries are really getting up to the levels where they can interrupt the transmission of the v i r u s ,” said Bruce Aylward, coordi- nator of the Global Polio Eradication Campaign at WHO in Geneva. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
“No countries have ever cooperated on this scale except in times of war, and that is extremely e x c i t i n g .” For the first time, many of the countries involved did house-to- house visits, using hundreds of thousands of volunteers to immu- nize children and then mark the houses.
Compared with previous years, the first round has reached 5% to 20% more children than had ever been immunized before. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
Political commitment at the high- est level was key to the operation’s success, said Deo Nshimirimana, regional coordinator for WHO in Abidjan.
“President Konare of Mali launched the first day and he stayed all morning, vaccinating the children himself,” he said.
T h e campaign went ahead even in countries disrupted by conflict.
The organizers also targ e t e d national borders, where migrants and victims of conflict tend to miss out on polio immunization. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
“ T h e s e synchronized campaigns are an opportunity for peace-building,” said Carl Tinstman, UNICEF’s sen- ior advisor for polio eradication.
Despite the success, there is still room for improvement, said Nshimirimana.
“We still have vil- lages that were not covered in hard-to-reach areas, and we need to do more to train some of the volun- t e e r s .”A third round will follow early next year in some countries. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
The success of a coordinated and synchronized cross-border cam- paign could be adapted for other public health purposes, said Aylward, including malaria control or even anti-smoking programmes.
The countries involved are: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.
Key to the effort is Nigeria, the largest remaining reservoir of endemic polio in the region. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
I Coming to grips with the big one: a plan for measles control 2 Research that delivers results: GAVI sets its priorities 6 A smarter way to buy: new approaches to vaccine procurement 8 NEWS Immunization Focus Chalk it up: a volunteer marks a house in Sokoto, Nigeria, in the first round last month Inside this issue Phyllida Brown Immunization Focus Coming to grips with the big one A new plan to attack measles is gathering widespread support, as Phyllida Brown discovers MEASLES kills more children than any other other vaccine-preventable disease. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
This year it will claim the lives of about 880 000 children—a staggering 30% of all vaccine-preventable deaths and 40% of those in children.
How can this be, when an eff e c t i v e vaccine costing just 26 cents, including safe injection equipment, has been widely available for more than 20 years?
I t ’s an easy enough question to ask, but, predictably, the answer is tougher. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_2/1721906114231.pdf | https://www.vaccinealliance.org/resources/nov2000.pdf | Benin |
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