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README.md
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features:
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configs:
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- config_name: grounding_cross_coord_to_coord
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data_files:
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data_files:
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path: task3_three_view/train-*
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dtype: string
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_bytes: 829716650
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num_examples: 513
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download_size: 634842012
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dataset_size: 829716650
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- config_name: grounding_cross_letter_to_letter
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features:
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- name: ref_image
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dtype: string
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_bytes: 829529694
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num_examples: 513
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download_size: 634800583
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dataset_size: 829529694
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- config_name: grounding_task_a_icl_outside
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: image
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_bytes: 1241840521
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num_examples: 500
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download_size: 1182653732
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dataset_size: 1241840521
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- config_name: grounding_task_a_icl_within
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: image
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_examples: 500
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download_size: 1178297566
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dataset_size: 1242503348
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- config_name: grounding_task_a_zero_shot
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: image
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splits:
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num_examples: 500
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download_size: 392568896
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dataset_size: 414286389
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- config_name: grounding_task_b_icl_outside
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: image
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splits:
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num_examples: 500
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download_size: 1190169899
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dataset_size: 1244099842
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- config_name: grounding_task_b_icl_within
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: image
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splits:
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num_examples: 500
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download_size: 1178307472
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dataset_size: 1242524691
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- config_name: grounding_task_b_zero_shot
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: image
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splits:
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num_examples: 500
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download_size: 392578566
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dataset_size: 414307752
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- config_name: task1_image
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features:
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- name: test_image
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sequence: image
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_bytes: 2798691043
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num_examples: 451
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download_size: 503903932
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dataset_size: 2798691043
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- config_name: task1_three_view
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features:
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- name: test_image
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sequence: string
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_bytes: 284294342
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num_examples: 496
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download_size: 102854693
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dataset_size: 284294342
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- config_name: task2_three_view
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: string
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_examples: 830
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download_size: 2404052070
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dataset_size: 3892767363
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- config_name: task3_image
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: image
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_examples: 857
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download_size: 900918270
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dataset_size: 5289841601
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- config_name: task3_missing_part_image
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: image
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splits:
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num_examples: 240
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download_size: 739016032
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dataset_size: 1145957667
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- config_name: task3_missing_part_three_view
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features:
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- name: test_image
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dtype: image
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splits:
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num_examples: 137
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download_size: 38017522
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dataset_size: 74622484
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- config_name: task3_three_view
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features:
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dtype: image
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splits:
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num_examples: 309
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download_size: 76367968
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dataset_size: 198269281
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configs:
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- config_name: grounding_cross_coord_to_coord
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data_files:
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: task3_three_view/train-*
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license: mit
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task_categories:
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- question-answering
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- image-text-to-text
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- visual-question-answering
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- Manufacturing
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- 3D
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- Industry
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- Engineering
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pretty_name: Forge
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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---
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<div align="center">
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<h1>
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<img src="forge_icon.png" alt="FORGE Logo" height="50" style="vertical-align:middle; margin-right:10px;" />
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FORGE: A Benchmark for Manufacturing Anomaly Detection with VLMs
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</h1>
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</div>
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<p align="center">
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🌐 <a href="https://ai4manufacturing.github.io/forge-web/">Website</a> | 📑 <a href="">Paper</a> | 💻 <a href="https://github.com/AI4Manufacturing/FORGE">Code</a> | 🤗 <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/AI4Manufacturing/forge">Dataset</a>
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</p>
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<div align="center">
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<img src="pipeline.png" width="100%" alt="FORGE Pipeline Overview">
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</div>
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## Overview
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**FORGE** evaluates Vision-Language Models on industrial manufacturing anomaly detection. It covers three core tasks across photo and three-view rendered modalities, plus spatial grounding ablations. All images are embedded -- no external files needed.
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## Quick Start
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset("AI4Manufacturing/forge", "task1_three_view", split="train")
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print(ds[0].keys())
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ds[0]["test_image"] # PIL Image
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```
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+
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## Configs
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+
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+
### Core Tasks
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+
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+
| Config | Cases | Task | Modality |
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+
|--------|------:|------|----------|
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| 621 |
+
| `task1_image` | 451 | Wrong model detection (MCQ) | Photo |
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+
| `task1_three_view` | 496 | Wrong model detection (letter) | Three-View |
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+
| `task2_three_view` | 830 | Anomaly classification (normal + defect type) | Three-View |
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+
| `task3_image` | 857 | Extra/wrong part detection (MCQ) | Photo |
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+
| `task3_three_view` | 309 | Extra/wrong part detection (letter) | Three-View |
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+
| `task3_missing_part_image` | 240 | Missing part identification (MCQ) | Photo |
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+
| `task3_missing_part_three_view` | 137 | Missing part identification (MCQ) | Three-View |
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+
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+
### Grounding Ablation (Single-Image)
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| 630 |
+
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+
| Config | Cases | Description |
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+
|--------|------:|-------------|
|
| 633 |
+
| `grounding_task_a_zero_shot` | 500 | Coord → Letter, zero-shot |
|
| 634 |
+
| `grounding_task_a_icl_within` | 500 | Coord → Letter, ICL (same image) |
|
| 635 |
+
| `grounding_task_a_icl_outside` | 500 | Coord → Letter, ICL (cross image) |
|
| 636 |
+
| `grounding_task_b_zero_shot` | 500 | Letter → Coord, zero-shot |
|
| 637 |
+
| `grounding_task_b_icl_within` | 500 | Letter → Coord, ICL (same image) |
|
| 638 |
+
| `grounding_task_b_icl_outside` | 500 | Letter → Coord, ICL (cross image) |
|
| 639 |
+
|
| 640 |
+
### Grounding Ablation (Cross-Image)
|
| 641 |
+
|
| 642 |
+
| Config | Cases | Description |
|
| 643 |
+
|--------|------:|-------------|
|
| 644 |
+
| `grounding_cross_letter_to_letter` | 513 | Match parts by letter across images |
|
| 645 |
+
| `grounding_cross_coord_to_coord` | 513 | Match parts by coordinate across images |
|
| 646 |
+
|
| 647 |
+
**Total: 6,846 cases across 15 configs**
|
| 648 |
+
|
| 649 |
+
## Data Fields
|
| 650 |
+
|
| 651 |
+
Each row is self-contained with all images embedded. Unused image slots hold a 1x1 placeholder. Use `n_normal_refs` / `n_icl_examples` to know how many are real.
|
| 652 |
+
|
| 653 |
+
**Task 1/3 Image** -- `test_image`, `grounding_image`, `assembly_name`, `assembly_description`, `error_case`, `ref_image_0..4`, `icl_ori_image_0..2`, `icl_grounding_image_0..2`, `n_normal_refs`, `n_icl_examples`
|
| 654 |
+
|
| 655 |
+
**Task 1/3 Three-View** -- `test_image`, `gt_parts` (JSON), `query_description`, `scenario_name`, `error_case`, `ref_image_0..4`, `icl_image_0..2`, `icl_gt_letters` (JSON), `n_normal_refs`, `n_icl_examples`
|
| 656 |
+
|
| 657 |
+
**Task 2 Three-View** -- `test_image`, `defect_type`, `is_normal`, `component_type`, `component_description`, `ref_image_0..4`, `icl_image_0..2`, `icl_metadata` (JSON), `n_normal_refs`, `n_icl_examples`
|
| 658 |
+
|
| 659 |
+
**Missing Part** -- `test_image`, `assembly_name`, `assembly_description`, `choices_text`, `gt_letter`, `gt_answer`, `mcq_mapping` (JSON), `ref_image_0..4`, `icl_image_0..2`, `icl_gt_letters` (JSON), `n_normal_refs`, `n_icl_examples`
|
| 660 |
+
|
| 661 |
+
**Grounding (single)** -- `test_image`, `target_coord` (JSON), `target_letter`, `choices` (JSON), `gt_choice_letter`, `icl_image_0..2`, `icl_metadata` (JSON), `n_icl_examples`
|
| 662 |
+
|
| 663 |
+
**Grounding (cross)** -- `ref_image`, `test_image`, `ref_hint`, `ref_hint_coord` (JSON), `test_choices` (JSON), `test_mcq_options` (JSON), `gt_answer`
|
| 664 |
+
|
| 665 |
+
## Evaluation Code
|
| 666 |
+
|
| 667 |
+
See the [FORGE GitHub repo](https://github.com/AI4Manufacturing/FORGE) for the full evaluation toolkit supporting OpenRouter, OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, and vLLM backends.
|
| 668 |
+
|
| 669 |
+
## Citation
|
| 670 |
+
|
| 671 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 672 |
+
@article{jianforge2026,
|
| 673 |
+
title={FORGE: A Benchmark for Manufacturing Anomaly Detection with VLMs},
|
| 674 |
+
author={Jian, Xiangru and Xu, Hao and Pang, Wei and Zhao, Xinjian and Tao, Chengyu and Zhang, Qixin and Zhang, Xikun and Zhang, Chao and Deng, Guanzhi and Xue, Alex and Du, Juan and Yu, Tianshu and Tarr, Garth and Sun, Qiuzhuang and Tao, Dacheng},
|
| 675 |
+
year={2026}
|
| 676 |
+
}
|
| 677 |
+
```
|