--- dataset_info: features: - name: flow_id dtype: string - name: features struct: - name: src_port dtype: float32 - name: dst_port dtype: float32 - name: protocol dtype: float32 - name: flow_duration dtype: float32 - name: total_fwd_packet dtype: float32 - name: total_bwd_packets dtype: float32 - name: total_length_of_fwd_packet dtype: float32 - name: total_length_of_bwd_packet dtype: float32 - name: fwd_packet_length_max dtype: float32 - name: fwd_packet_length_min dtype: float32 - name: fwd_packet_length_mean dtype: float32 - name: fwd_packet_length_std dtype: float32 - name: bwd_packet_length_max dtype: float32 - name: bwd_packet_length_min dtype: float32 - name: bwd_packet_length_mean dtype: float32 - name: bwd_packet_length_std dtype: float32 - name: flow_bytes_per_s dtype: float32 - name: flow_packets_per_s dtype: float32 - name: flow_iat_mean dtype: float32 - name: flow_iat_std dtype: float32 - name: flow_iat_max dtype: float32 - name: flow_iat_min dtype: float32 - name: fwd_iat_total dtype: float32 - name: fwd_iat_mean dtype: float32 - name: fwd_iat_std dtype: float32 - name: fwd_iat_max dtype: float32 - name: fwd_iat_min dtype: float32 - name: bwd_iat_total dtype: float32 - name: bwd_iat_mean dtype: float32 - name: bwd_iat_std dtype: float32 - name: bwd_iat_max dtype: float32 - name: bwd_iat_min dtype: float32 - name: fwd_psh_flags dtype: float32 - name: bwd_psh_flags dtype: float32 - name: fwd_urg_flags dtype: float32 - name: bwd_urg_flags dtype: float32 - name: fwd_header_length dtype: float32 - name: bwd_header_length dtype: float32 - name: fwd_packets_per_s dtype: float32 - name: bwd_packets_per_s dtype: float32 - name: packet_length_min dtype: float32 - name: packet_length_max dtype: float32 - name: packet_length_mean dtype: float32 - name: packet_length_std dtype: float32 - name: packet_length_variance dtype: float32 - name: fin_flag_count dtype: float32 - name: syn_flag_count dtype: float32 - name: rst_flag_count dtype: float32 - name: psh_flag_count dtype: float32 - name: ack_flag_count dtype: float32 - name: urg_flag_count dtype: float32 - name: cwr_flag_count dtype: float32 - name: ece_flag_count dtype: float32 - name: down_per_up_ratio dtype: float32 - name: average_packet_size dtype: float32 - name: fwd_segment_size_avg dtype: float32 - name: bwd_segment_size_avg dtype: float32 - name: fwd_bytes_per_bulk_avg dtype: float32 - name: fwd_packet_per_bulk_avg dtype: float32 - name: fwd_bulk_rate_avg dtype: float32 - name: bwd_bytes_per_bulk_avg dtype: float32 - name: bwd_packet_per_bulk_avg dtype: float32 - name: bwd_bulk_rate_avg dtype: float32 - name: subflow_fwd_packets dtype: float32 - name: subflow_fwd_bytes dtype: float32 - name: subflow_bwd_packets dtype: float32 - name: subflow_bwd_bytes dtype: float32 - name: fwd_init_win_bytes dtype: float32 - name: bwd_init_win_bytes dtype: float32 - name: fwd_act_data_pkts dtype: float32 - name: fwd_seg_size_min dtype: float32 - name: active_mean dtype: float32 - name: active_std dtype: float32 - name: active_max dtype: float32 - name: active_min dtype: float32 - name: idle_mean dtype: float32 - name: idle_std dtype: float32 - name: idle_max dtype: float32 - name: idle_min dtype: float32 - name: semantic_flags struct: - name: high_packet_rate dtype: int8 - name: one_way_traffic dtype: int8 - name: syn_ack_imbalance dtype: int8 - name: uniform_packet_size dtype: int8 - name: long_idle_c2 dtype: int8 - name: label dtype: class_label: names: '0': benign '1': attack splits: - name: train num_bytes: 248127049 num_examples: 671088 - name: validation num_bytes: 62032886 num_examples: 167772 - name: test num_bytes: 77540185 num_examples: 209715 download_size: 119245598 dataset_size: 387700120 configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: train path: data/train-* - split: validation path: data/validation-* - split: test path: data/test-* task_categories: - tabular-classification language: - en tags: - cybersecurity size_categories: - 1M *Given a network flow represented by CICFlowMeter features, predict whether it corresponds to an attack.* --- ## Labels | Label ID | Name | Description | | -------: | ------ | ----------------------------------------------- | | 0 | benign | Normal network traffic | | 1 | attack | Any malicious traffic (all attack types merged) | ### Label construction The binary label was derived by collapsing a multiclass IDS taxonomy: * `benign` → `0` * all attack categories → `1` No other transformations were applied to the labels. --- ## Dataset Structure ```text DatasetDict({ train, validation, test }) ``` Each split contains records with the following schema: ```text flow_id: string features: dict[str, float] semantic_flags: dict[str, int] label: ClassLabel (benign / attack) ``` --- ## Feature Description ### 1. Raw Numeric Features (`features`) The `features` field contains **flow-level statistics extracted by CICFlowMeter**. These include: #### Traffic volume & direction * `total_fwd_packets`, `total_bwd_packets` * `total_length_of_fwd_packets` * `total_length_of_bwd_packets` * `down_up_ratio` #### Packet size statistics * `packet_length_min`, `packet_length_max` * `packet_length_mean`, `packet_length_std`, `packet_length_variance` * Forward and backward packet length metrics #### Timing & inter-arrival times * `flow_duration` * `flow_iat_mean`, `flow_iat_std`, `flow_iat_max`, `flow_iat_min` * Forward and backward IAT statistics * `active_*`, `idle_*` features #### Rate-based features * `flow_bytes_per_s` * `flow_packets_per_s` * `fwd_packets_per_s`, `bwd_packets_per_s` #### TCP flag counters * `syn_flag_count`, `ack_flag_count`, `rst_flag_count` * `fin_flag_count`, `psh_flag_count`, `urg_flag_count` * `cwr_flag_count`, `ece_flag_count` #### Bulk and subflow statistics * `*_bulk_*` features * `subflow_fwd_*`, `subflow_bwd_*` > **Note:** Some CICFlowMeter features are conditionally emitted. > Missing or undefined numeric values were **filled with `0.0`**, which semantically indicates *absence of that behavior*. --- ### 2. Semantic Flags (`semantic_flags`) Each flow includes deterministic, interpretable indicators derived from numeric features: | Flag | Meaning | | --------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | | `high_packet_rate` | Extremely high packets per second | | `one_way_traffic` | Forward-only traffic (no backward response) | | `syn_ack_imbalance` | Large SYN/ACK imbalance | | `uniform_packet_size` | Low packet size variance | | `long_idle_c2` | Long idle periods (possible command-and-control behavior) | These flags are: * Deterministic * Stable across dataset versions * Suitable for rule-based IDS and hybrid systems --- ## Preprocessing Summary The dataset was generated using a **fully deterministic preprocessing pipeline**: * Column name normalization * Conversion of `NaN` / `±Infinity` → `0.0` * Explicit label normalization * No row removal due to missing numeric values * Stratified train/validation/test splits * Explicit Hugging Face feature schemas No rebalancing, oversampling, or augmentation was applied. --- ## Class Imbalance The dataset is **highly imbalanced**, with benign traffic dominating. This reflects **real-world network conditions** and is intentional. Users are encouraged to: * Use **precision, recall, F1, PR-AUC** * Apply **class weighting** or cost-sensitive learning * Avoid relying on accuracy alone ---