{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77666555429966f1a36d1f", "question_text": "What is the nationality of the foreign born victim of Singapore's caning punishment before Oliver Fricker experienced the same?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["American"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Takamiyama Daigor\u014d", "paragraph_text": "Takamiyama Daigor\u014d (\u9ad9\u898b\u5c71 \u5927\u4e94\u90ce , born 16 June 1944 as Jesse James Wailani Kuhaulua) is a former sumo wrestler, the first foreign born wrestler to win the top division championship (in 1972). His highest rank was \"sekiwake\". His active career spanned twenty years from 1964 to 1984, and he set a number of longevity records, including most tournaments ranked in the top \"makuuchi\" division, and most consecutive top division appearances. He is also the first foreign born wrestler ever to take charge of a training stable, founding Azumazeki stable in 1986. His most successful wrestler was fellow Hawaiian Akebono who reached the highest rank of \"yokozuna\" in 1993. He retired as a coach in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Oliver Fricker", "paragraph_text": "Oliver Fricker is the second high-profile foreigner (after Michael P. Fay in 1994) to be sentenced to caning for vandalism in Singapore. On 25 June 2010, he was sentenced to five months' jail and three strokes of the cane under the Vandalism Act and Protected Areas and Protected Places Act. On appeal, the jail sentence was increased to seven months.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Michael P. Fay", "paragraph_text": "Michael Peter Fay (born May 30, 1975), better known simply as Michael Fay, is a United States citizen who was the subject of international attention in 1994 when he was sentenced to six strokes of the cane in Singapore for theft and vandalism at age 18. Although caning is a routine court sentence in Singapore, its barbarity caused controversy in the United States, and Fay's case was believed to be the first caning involving an American citizen. The number of cane strokes in Fay's sentence was ultimately reduced from six to four after United States officials requested leniency.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Caning in Singapore", "paragraph_text": "Caning is a widely used form of legal corporal punishment in Singapore. It can be divided into several contexts: judicial, prison, reformatory, military, school, and domestic or private. These practices of caning are largely a legacy of, and are influenced by, British colonial rule in Singapore. Similar forms of corporal punishment are also used in some other former British colonies, including two of Singapore's neighbouring countries, Malaysia and Brunei.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Immigration to Italy", "paragraph_text": "As of 1 January 2017, there were 5,047,028 foreign nationals resident in Italy. This amounted to 8.2% of the country's population and represented an increase of 92,352 over the previous year. These figures include children born in Italy to foreign nationals (who were 75,067 in 2014; 14.9% of total births in Italy), but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian nationality; this applied to 129,887 people in 2014. Around 6,2 million people residing in Italy have an immigration background (around the 10% of the country population). They also exclude illegal immigrants whose numbers are difficult to determine. In May 2008, \"The Boston Globe\" quoted an estimate of 670,000 for this group. The distribution of foreign born population is largely uneven in Italy: 59.5% of immigrants live in the northern part of the country (the most economically developed area), 25.4% in the central one, while only 15.1% live in the southern regions. The children born in Italy to foreign mothers were 102.000 in 2012, 99.000 in 2013 and 97.000 in 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Foreign born", "paragraph_text": "Foreign born (also non-native) people are those born outside of their country of residence. Foreign born are often non-citizens, but many are naturalized citizens of the country that they live in and others are citizens by descent, typically through a parent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Caning in Malaysia", "paragraph_text": "Caning is used as a form of legal corporal punishment in Malaysia. It can be divided into at least three contexts: judicial/prison, school, and Sharia (\"Syariah\"). Of these three, the first two are largely a legacy of, and are influenced by, British colonial rule in the territories that are now part of Malaysia, particularly Malaya. Similar forms of corporal punishment are also used in some other former British colonies, including two of Malaysia's neighbouring countries, Singapore and Brunei.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Caning in Brunei", "paragraph_text": "Caning is used as a form of judicial corporal punishment in Brunei. This practice is heavily influenced by Brunei's history as a British protectorate from 1888 to 1984. Similar forms of corporal punishment are also used in two of Brunei's neighbouring countries, Singapore and Malaysia, which are themselves former British colonies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Illegal immigration to Singapore", "paragraph_text": "Singapore is an attractive destination due to its high living standards and wages. The punishment for illegal immigration in the country are a mandatory caning sentence of not less than 3 strokes and a prison sentence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Misuse of Drugs Act (Singapore)", "paragraph_text": "The Misuse of Drugs Act is a drug control law in Singapore classifying substances into three categories, Classes A, B, and C. Section 44 provides that \"The Minister may, by an order published in the Gazette\" add, remove, or transfer drugs among the classes. The statute's penal provisions are draconian by most nations' standards, providing for long terms of imprisonment, caning, and capital punishment. The law creates a presumption of trafficking for certain threshold amounts, e.g. 30\u00a0grams of cannabis. It also creates a presumption that a person possesses drugs if he possesses the keys to a premises containing the drugs, and that \"Any person found in or escaping from any place or premises which is proved or presumed to be used for the purpose of smoking or administering a controlled drug shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to have been smoking or administering a controlled drug in that place or premises.\" Thus, one runs the risk of arrest for drug use by simply being in the company of drug users. The law also allows officers to search premises and individuals, without a search warrant, if he \"reasonably suspects that there is to be found a controlled drug or article liable to seizure\". Moreover, Section 31 allows officers to demand urinalysis of suspected drug offenders.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab6ba045542995eadef007e", "question_text": "Dorian Gray is the main character of what philosophical novel whose editor feared the story was indecent, and deleted roughly five hundred words before publication?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Picture of Dorian Gray"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Dorian Gray (character)", "paragraph_text": "Dorian Gray is the main character in Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. Dorian Gray is a handsome, susceptible, wealthy young Victorian gentleman. He falls in love with and devotes himself to Sibyl Vane. Dorian has two friends, Basil and Henry. Basil is an artist who draws a portrait of Dorian that emphasizes his youthful, noble, and natural beauty. Henry is a friend who has a cynical nature and who shares various thoughts with Dorian.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dorian Gray (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "Dorian Gray is the main character of the novel \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" (1890) by Oscar Wilde.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Picture of Dorian Gray (1910 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray (1910), a.k.a. Dorian Grays Portr\u00e6t, is a Danish silent film based on the novel \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" by Oscar Wilde.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is a 1945 American horror-drama film based on Oscar Wilde's 1890 novel of the same name. Released in March 1945 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the film is directed by Albert Lewin and stars George Sanders as Lord Henry Wotton and Hurd Hatfield as Dorian Gray. Shot primarily in black-and-white, the film features four inserts in 3-strip Technicolor of Dorian's portrait as a special effect (the first two of his portrait's original state, and the second two after a major period of degeneration).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "A Portrait of Dorian Gray", "paragraph_text": "A Portrait of Dorian Gray (2005) is the fashion designer and photographer Karl Lagerfeld's rendition of Oscar Wilde's novel \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" (1891) in photography. The models, Larry Scott and Eva Herzigov\u00e1, star as Mr. and Mrs. Dorian Gray.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "El retrato de Dorian Gray", "paragraph_text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray (\"El retrato de Dorian Gray\"), is a Mexican telenovela, based on \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\", the novel written by Oscar Wilde. The main character is the handsome young man called Dorian Gray (played by late Enrique \u00c1lvarez F\u00e9lix). This telenovela was made in 1969.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ford Five Hundred", "paragraph_text": "The Ford Five Hundred is a full-size sedan that was produced by Ford Motor Company from the 2005 to 2007 model years. Deriving its name from the Ford Fairlane 500 and Ford Galaxie 500 popularized during the 1960s, the Five Hundred was introduced alongside the 2006 Ford Fusion as the replacements of the Ford Taurus. The larger of the two vehicles, the Five Hundred would also serve as an unofficial replacement for the Ford Crown Victoria in non-fleet markets. The Lincoln-Mercury Division marketed the Ford Five Hundred as the Mercury Montego, slotted below the Mercury Grand Marquis. As the Five Hundred was sold solely as a four-door sedan, the role of the Ford Taurus station wagon was taken over by the Ford Freestyle, repackaged as a crossover SUV.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dorian Gray (1970 film)", "paragraph_text": "Dorian Gray (Italian: \"Il dio chiamato Dorian\") aka \"The Sins of Dorian Gray\" is a 1970 movie adaptation of Oscar Wilde's novel \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" starring Helmut Berger. The Italian title translates as \"A God Called Dorian\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Picture of Dorian Gray (1917 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray (German: Das Bildnis des Dorian Gray) is a 1917 German silent fantasy film directed by Richard Oswald and starring Bernd Aldor, Ernst Pittschau, and Ernst Ludwig. The film is based on the novel \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" by Oscar Wilde.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Picture of Dorian Gray", "paragraph_text": "The Picture of Dorian Gray is a philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, first published complete in the July 1890 issue of \"Lippincott's Monthly Magazine\". The magazine's editor feared the story was indecent, and without Wilde's knowledge, deleted roughly five hundred words before publication. Despite that censorship, \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" offended the moral sensibilities of British book reviewers, some of whom said that Oscar Wilde merited prosecution for violating the laws guarding the public morality. In response, Wilde aggressively defended his novel and art in correspondence with the British press, although he personally made excisions of some of the most controversial material when revising and lengthening the story for book publication the following year.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a810221554299260e20a1f9", "question_text": "Who wrote the 1970 international hit song Murray Head is most recognized for?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice", "Andrew Lloyd Webber, Tim Rice"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Helen Shingler", "paragraph_text": "Helen Shingler (born 19 August 1919) is a British film actress, widow of Seafield Laurence Stewart Murray Head, mother of actor/singer Murray Head, and actor Anthony Stewart Head and the grandmother of Kathryn and Sophie Head and actresses Emily and Daisy Head.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Come All You Fair and Tender Ladies", "paragraph_text": "\"Come All You Fair and Tender Ladies\" (a.k.a. \"Tiny Sparrow\" or \"Little Sparrow\") (Roud #451) is an American folk music ballad, originating from the Appalachian region. It has been recorded under either of its two title variations by numerous artists, including The Carter Family, Pete Seeger, Joan Baez, Odetta, Peter, Paul and Mary, The Kingston Trio, Leon Bibb, Makem and Clancy, Emmylou Harris, Bob Dylan, Dave Van Ronk, The Rankin Family, The Country Gentlemen, Murray Head and Dolly Parton. The title of the song varies from recording to recording and prior to the 1960s, the song was usually known as \"Tiny Sparrow\" or \"Little Sparrow\". Some versions substituted the \"Sparrow\" with \"Swallow,\" another form of species of bird. (SOURCE: Pete Seeger version of the song). In more recent times, the song's title sometimes finds \"Maidens\" substituted for \"Ladies,\" and \"Come All Ye\" or \"Come All You\" sometimes omitted.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Murray Head", "paragraph_text": "Murray Seafield St George Head (born 5 March 1946) is an English actor and singer, most recognised for his international hit songs \"Superstar\" (from the 1970 rock opera \"Jesus Christ Superstar\") and \"One Night in Bangkok\" (the 1984 single from the musical \"Chess\", which topped the charts in various countries), and for his 1975 album \"Say It Ain't So\". He has been involved in several projects since the 1960s and continues to record music, perform concerts, and make appearances on television either as himself or as a character actor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1970 World Sportscar Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 1970 World Sportscar Championship season was the 18th season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured the 1970 International Championship for Makes and the 1970 International Cup for GT Cars, which were contested concurrently from 31 January to 11 October over a ten race series. The International Championship for Makes, which was open to Group 6 Sports-Prototypes, Group 5 Sports Cars and Group 4 Special GT Cars, was won by German manufacturer Porsche. The International Cup for GT Cars was also won by Porsche.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Alan Spenner", "paragraph_text": "Alan Henry Spenner (7 May 1948 \u2013 11 August 1991) was an English bass player who performed with Wynder K. Frog, The Grease Band, Spooky Tooth, ABC, David Coverdale, David Soul, Joe Cocker, Lynda Carter, Peter Frampton, Ted Nugent, Mick Taylor, China Crisis, Murray Head, Kokomo, Roxy Music, and played on the original 1970 concept album \"Jesus Christ Superstar\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Say It Ain't So, Joe (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Say It Ain't So, Joe\" is a song written and performed by Murray Head. The song was released on Head's second studio album \"Say It Ain't So\", and was also released as a single in 1975.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bob Weston (guitarist)", "paragraph_text": "Robert Joseph \"Bob\" Weston (1 November 1947 \u2013 3 January 2012) was a British musician who had a brief role as guitarist and songwriter with the rock band Fleetwood Mac in the early 1970s. He also recorded and performed with a number of other musicians, including Graham Bond, Long John Baldry, Murray Head, Sandy Denny and Danny Kirwan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Irene Cara", "paragraph_text": "Irene Cara Escalera (born March 18, 1959) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She sang and co-wrote the international hit song 'Flashdance... What a Feeling' (from the movie \"Flashdance\"), for which she won an Academy Award for Best Original Song and a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 1984. She is also known for playing the role of Coco Hernandez in the 1980 film \"Fame\", and for recording the film's title song 'Fame', which became an international hit. Cara also played the title character Sparkle Williams in the 1976 film \"Sparkle\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Vinylshakerz", "paragraph_text": "Vinylshakerz (also known as Vanguard prior to 2005) were a German tech house/electro house act, formed in 2004 and best known for the 2005 remix of the Murray Head hit \"One Night in Bangkok\". The producers have also remixed material for other artists, mainly for dance compilation CDs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Superstar (Jesus Christ Superstar song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Superstar\" is the title song from the 1970 rock opera \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae8161555429952e35eaa04", "question_text": "Where was the match held where Chicharito scored goals along with Antonio Valencia and Dimitar Berbatov?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Wembley Stadium", "Wembley Stadium, London"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Antonio Valencia", "paragraph_text": "Luis Antonio Valencia Mosquera, commonly known as Antonio Valencia (] ; born 4 August 1985), is an Ecuadorian professional footballer who plays as a right winger and right-back for Manchester United and the Ecuador national team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hristo Bonev", "paragraph_text": "Hristo Atanasov Bonev-Zuma (Bulgarian: \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e A\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0432 ; born 3 February 1947 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria) is a former Bulgarian footballer, the second all-time leading scorer for the Bulgarian national team behind Dimitar Berbatov, who surpassed his record on 18 November 2009. He last managed PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv in the Bulgarian A PFG. One of the greatest Bulgarian footballers, Bonev was renowned for his vision and technique.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of Premier League hat-tricks", "paragraph_text": "Since the inception of the English football league competition, the Premier League, in 1992, more than 100 players have scored three goals (a hat-trick) or more in a single match. The first player to achieve the feat was Frenchman Eric Cantona, who scored three times for Leeds United in a 5\u20130 victory over Tottenham Hotspur. Twenty players have scored more than three goals in a match; of these, five players, Andy Cole, Alan Shearer, Jermain Defoe, Dimitar Berbatov and Sergio Ag\u00fcero have scored five. Sadio Man\u00e9 holds the record for the quickest Premier League hat-trick, netting three times for Southampton against Aston Villa in 2 minutes 56 seconds, breaking Robbie Fowler's record, while in 1999, Manchester United player Ole Gunnar Solskj\u00e6r scored four goals in twelve minutes as a substitute against Nottingham Forest, \"the fastest scorer of a four-goal haul on record in England\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "FIFA World Cup top goalscorers", "paragraph_text": "Over 2,300 goals have been scored at the 20 editions of the FIFA World Cup final tournaments, excluding penalties converted during shoot-outs. Since the first goal scored by French player Lucien Laurent at the 1930 FIFA World Cup, over 1,200 footballers have scored goals at the World Cup, but only 90 of them have scored at least five goals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2003\u201304 Bayer 04 Leverkusen season", "paragraph_text": "Bayer 04 Leverkusen bounced back from the nearly disastrous season it came from, finishing in the top three and qualifying for the UEFA Champions League in the process. The season marked the breakthrough for Bulgarian striker Dimitar Berbatov, who scored 16 goals, whereas Brazilian signing Fran\u00e7a contributed with 14 strikes. As it was, it was the attack that impressed the most, especially in the 6\u20132 crushing of champions Werder Bremen on the penultimate day of the season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "2010 FA Community Shield", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 FA Community Shield was the 88th FA Community Shield, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup competitions. The match was played at Wembley Stadium, London, on 8 August 2010, and contested by league and cup double winners Chelsea and league runners-up Manchester United. Manchester United won the match 3\u20131 with goals from Antonio Valencia, Javier Hern\u00e1ndez and Dimitar Berbatov; Chelsea's consolation goal came from Salomon Kalou. It was Manchester United's 14th outright victory in the Community Shield.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Javier Hern\u00e1ndez", "paragraph_text": "Javier Hern\u00e1ndez Balc\u00e1zar ( \u00a0\u00a0 ; born 1 June 1988) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a striker for English club West Ham United and the Mexico national team. Hern\u00e1ndez is commonly known by his nickname, Chicharito (Mexican Spanish: \"little pea\"), which he wears on his shirt.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1967 FA Charity Shield", "paragraph_text": "The 1967 FA Charity Shield was the 45th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match held between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by Manchester United, who had won the 1966\u201367 Football League, and Tottenham Hotspur, who had won the 1966\u201367 FA Cup, at Old Trafford, Manchester, on 12 August 1967. The match was drawn 3\u20133, which meant that the two clubs shared the Shield, holding it for six months each. Bobby Charlton scored two goals for United, while Denis Law scored their third. Jimmy Robertson and Frank Saul scored for Spurs, but the match is most famous for Tottenham's second goal, which was scored by goalkeeper Pat Jennings. Ball in hand, Jennings punted it downfield, only for it to bounce in front of United goalkeeper Alex Stepney, over his head and into the goal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2011 MLS All-Star Game", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 Major League Soccer All-Star Game, held on July 27, 2011, was the 16th annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game, a soccer match involving all-stars from Major League Soccer. The MLS All-Stars faced Manchester United of the English Premier League for the second year running in the eighth MLS All-Star Game to feature international opposition. Manchester United won the game 4\u20130 with goals from Anderson, Park Ji-Sung, Dimitar Berbatov and Danny Welbeck.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ana-Maria Yanakieva", "paragraph_text": "Ana-Maria Yanakieva (Bulgarian: \u0410\u043d\u0430-\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u042f\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 , born 5 August 1998) is a Bulgarian singer from the music label Virginia Records, the official representative of Sony Music Entertainment for Bulgaria. She is also a scholar of Dimitar Berbatov Foundation. Ana-Maria is a finalist from Season 2 of X Factor Bulgaria, which took place in 2013. She is one of the most talented and promising Bulgarian young singers as considered by many music professionals in Bulgaria.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae52bc75542992663a4f12d", "question_text": "Where was Nexon who was composed by Adam Gubman located at?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["South Korea"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gare de La Meyze", "paragraph_text": "La Meyze is a railway station in La Meyze, Limousin, France. The station is located on the Nexon - Brive railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Gare de Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche", "paragraph_text": "Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche is a railway station in Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche, Limousin, France. The station is located on the Nexon - Brive railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gare de Nexon", "paragraph_text": "Nexon is a railway station in Nexon, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France. The station is located on the Limoges-B\u00e9n\u00e9dictins - P\u00e9rigueux and Nexon - Brive railway lines. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gare de Coussac-Bonneval", "paragraph_text": "Coussac-Bonneval is a railway station in Coussac-Bonneval, Limousin, France. The station is located on the Nexon - Brive railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Gare de Lubersac", "paragraph_text": "Lubersac is a railway station in Lubersac, Limousin, France. The station is located on the Nexon - Brive railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Wizet", "paragraph_text": "Wizet (Korean: \uc704\uc82f ) was a game development studio located in Seoul, South Korea. They reached commercial success with their hit game MapleStory and were absorbed into their publishing company, Nexon America. Nexon developed a franchise system and expanded its services to Japan, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, the United States, Europe, Brazil, and Vietnam. Eventually, Wizet reached the global world after having finished developing key features of MapleStory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Kru Interactive", "paragraph_text": "Kru Interactive (now known as Nexon Inc.) is among the pioneers of online gaming and MMORPGs. Its headquarters is located in Santa Clara, California.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Adam Gubman", "paragraph_text": "Adam Gubman (April 7, 1979) is an American songwriter, arranger, and composer. Gubman's work varies from music from video games to pop and to television program's soundtrack, and it has been featured on dozens of television shows and commercials (including \"America's Got Talent\", \"G4Tech TV\", \"MTV\", \"Real Housewives of Miami\", \"Aurora\" and \"Alguien Te Mira\" by Univision , \"Coraz\u00f2n Valiente\", multiple national \"SKECHERS\" campaigns). Gubman has composed music for more than 550 video games, many for prominent interactive software development companies (including \"Ubisoft\", \"Nexon\", \"Sony Online Interactive\", \"Activision\", \"Square Enix\", \"Konami\", \"Electronic Arts\", \"GSN\", \"Storm8\", \"Gree\",\"Playdom\",\"PlayFirst\", and Disney Online Interactive).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nexon", "paragraph_text": "Nexon (Hangul:\u00a0\ub125\uc2a8 ; RR:\u00a0\"Nekseun \" ) Co., Ltd. is a South Korean global leader in online games for PC and mobile. It services over 100 titles in over 190 countries. Nexon was founded in Seoul, South Korea in 1994 by Kim Jung Ju and Jake Song. In 2011, Nexon moved its headquarters from Seoul, South Korea to Tokyo, Japan.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "NDOORS Corporation", "paragraph_text": "NDOORS Corporation is a Korean gaming corporation and developer of online games and MMORPGs and is a subsidiary of one of the world's largest online gaming companies, Nexon. Its headquarters are located in Seoul, South Korea. NDOORS Corporation first started out as \"Intizen co., Ltd\" in September 1999, but later changed their name in October 2004 to \"Ndoors Corporation.\" On January 18, 2006, NDOORS Corporation took over Koong Entertainment which meant that NDOORS not only would be able to create PC Games, but PSP2 and PSP console games as well. The current CEO of NDOORS Corporation is Cho, SeongWon. The NDOORS logo can be simplified as \"Distinction, Sympathy, and Expansion.\"", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8ba07d5542996e8ac88985", "question_text": "What event in 1920 was established by the director of the play \"The Miracle?\"", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Salzburg Festival"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "South Pacific air ferry route in World War II", "paragraph_text": "The South Pacific air ferry route was initially established in the 1920s to ferry United States Army Air Service aircraft to the Philippines. As the Japanese threat in the Far East increased in 1940, General Douglas MacArthur planned that in the event of war, the United States Army Air Corps would play a major role in defending the Philippines. The reinforcement by the Air Corps of forces in the Philippines, and later Allied forces in Australia, became the basis for developing the South Pacific air ferry route used during World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Taish\u014d Katsuei", "paragraph_text": "Taish\u014d Katsuei (\u5927\u6b63\u6d3b\u6620 ) was a Japanese film studio active in the early 1920s. Founded in April 1920 by Ry\u014dz\u014d Asano, the son of zaibatsu head S\u014dichir\u014d Asano, it was mostly known as Taikatsu for short. Its origins can be traced back to T\u014dy\u014d Film (also known as the \"Sunrise Film Manufacturing Company\"), a venture started in 1918 by Benjamin Brodsky and Thomas Kurihara, that Asano ended up supporting. With Kurihara as the main director and Jun'ichir\u014d Tanizaki as the literary consultant, Taikatsu was one of two studios founded in 1920 (the other being Sh\u014dchiku Kinema) that publicly announced their intention to make \"pure films\" in line with the Pure Film Movement. It established an actors school and began production with \"Amateur Club\", a film directed by Kurihara and scripted by Tanizaki that was strongly influenced by American cinema. Other important works include \"A Serpent's Lust\", another Kurihara-Tanizaki collaboration based on the same story as \"Ugetsu\" by Kenji Mizoguchi. The Taikatsu studio was located in Yokohama, below the Bluff and the Foreigner's Cemetery (a memorial tablet currently marks the site). Taikatsu did not last long, since it did not have enough theaters to recoup the costs of production and of importing American films. Its production division was taken over by Sh\u014dchiku in 1922, even though the company lasted a few more years as an exhibition business. A number of important film figures emerged from Taikatsu, including the directors Tomu Uchida and Buntar\u014d Futagawa and the actors Tokihiko Okada, Ureo Egawa and Atsushi Watanabe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Betty Compson filmography", "paragraph_text": "This page has most if not all of Betty Compson's known film appearances 1915\u201348. Films from 1915 to 1919 are shorts, mostly for Al Christie unless otherwise stated. A big breakout came in 1919 with \"The Miracle Man\" now lost. In the early-to-mid 1920s Compson was a major player at Paramount with her name above the title of her films. By the end of the decade she was free-lancing and appearing as feature and support with name below the title of the film. Her star definitely took a fall somewhere after marrying director James Cruze, and she would remain a feature support into the sound era for the rest of her film career.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1920 NCAA baseball season", "paragraph_text": "The 1920 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1920. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1947.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "WPW Tag Team Championship", "paragraph_text": "NZWPW Tag Team Championship is the top professional wrestling tag team championship title in the New Zealand promotion New Zealand Wide Pro Wrestling. The title was first won by The Superlatives (Jean Miracle and Nick Silver), who won a tournament final at Power Play IV in Lower Hutt, New Zealand to win the titles on 14 April 2007. It was the first title of its kind to be established by a major promotion since the NWA Australasian Tag Team Championship during the early 1980s and remains the oldest currently active tag team championship in New Zealand.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of Women's PGA Championship champions", "paragraph_text": "The Women's PGA Championship is an annual golf competition held in June, and is conducted by the Professional Golfers Association of America (PGA). The event was established in 1955, and is one of the five women's major championships played each year; the others are the ANA Inspiration, the U.S. Women's Open, the Women's British Open, and the Evian Championship. This event has always been conducted in stroke play competition, and is always the second women's major of the year. The first year was played with three rounds of stroke play and a final round of match play to determine the final places (36 holes for the championship, 18 holes for other matches) in order to distribute prize money. The trophy, formally known as the \"LPGA Championship Trophy\" is presented to the champion every year, with each recipient being awarded a replica of the trophy to keep.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Max Reinhardt", "paragraph_text": "Max Reinhardt (September 9, 1873 \u2013 October 30, 1943) was an Austrian-born American theatre and film director, intendant, and theatrical producer. With his innovative stage productions, he is regarded as one of the most prominent directors of German-language theatre in the early 20th century. In 1920, he established the Salzburg Festival with the performance of Hofmannsthal's \"Jedermann\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Prince Matchabelli", "paragraph_text": "Prince Matchabelli is a perfume line. It was first designed by Prince Georges V. Matchabelli who was an amateur chemist. Georges Matchabelli was a Georgian prince and Georgian ambassador to Italy, but fled the Soviet Union and emigrated to the United States after the Russian Revolution. In New York City he and his wife, Princess Norina Matchabelli (an actress whose stage name was Maria Carmi), opened a small antiques shop, \"Le Rouge et le Noir\", at 545 Madison Avenue. The name came from Stendhal's novel of that name, which they interpreted as the red for the aristocracy for him and black for the religious (The Miracle, a famous religious play in which Norina had starred). (Stendhal's interpretation of the names was somewhat different: the only two choices open to his hero, Julien Sorel, a poor man for career glory and advancement\u2014red for military and black for clergy.) They later established the Prince Matchabelli Perfume Company in 1926. Perfumes were personally blended for clients by Prince Matchabelli. The first three perfumes were Princess Norina, Queen of Georgia and Ave Maria. The company became known for the many color-coded, crown-shaped bottles designed by Norina after the Matchabelli crown and introduced in 1928 with labels on the underside.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Miracle (1959 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Miracle is a 1959 film directed by Irving Rapper and starring Carroll Baker and Roger Moore. It is a remake of the 1912 hand-colored, black-and-white film \"The Miracle\", which was in turn a production of the 1911 pantomime play \"The Miracle\" written by Karl Vollm\u00f6ller and directed by Max Reinhardt.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Afterlife (play)", "paragraph_text": "Afterlife is a 2008 play by Michael Frayn. It tells the life and career of Austrian theatrical director and actor Max Reinhardt, from the revival of the Salzburg Festival in 1920, which he helped to re-establish, until his death in New York in 1943. It draws from Hugo von Hofmannsthal's 1911 play Jedermann (based on the sixteenth-century English morality play, Everyman), which Reinhardt directed at the Salzburg Festival for many years following its revival in 1920.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8d40715542994ba4e3dc3a", "question_text": "This annual event held in several major cities in Finland is one of many all-night arts festival whose name is given to areas of high latitude in the weeks around what?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the summer solstice"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Green Man Festival", "paragraph_text": "Green Man is an independent music and arts festival held annually in mid-August in the Brecon Beacons, Wales since 2003. It has evolved into a 20,000 capacity 4-day event, showcasing predominantly live music (in particular alternative, indie, rock, folk, dance and americana), with additional events showcasing literature, film, comedy, theatre and poetry. 2015 saw 1,500 multi-arts acts perform across 17 stages. The festival site is divided into 10 areas, each offering a unique festival experience. Ceilidhs, all-night bonfires and secret gigs all add to the festival's unique identity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "All Points West Music & Arts Festival", "paragraph_text": "The All Points West Music & Arts Festival was an annual music and arts festival held at Liberty State Park in Jersey City, New Jersey. First held in August 2008, it is hosted by Goldenvoice/AEG Live events, the same company that hosts the similar annual Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival every year in Indio, California. The event lasts all day, from noon to about midnight, for eleven and a half hours per day. All Points West 2009 was held on July 31, August 1 and 2 featuring both music, comedy and art, much like its counterpart in Indio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "White Night festivals", "paragraph_text": "The White Nights are a kind of all-night arts festival held in many cities in the summer. The original festival is the White Nights Festival held in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The \"white nights\" is the name given in areas of high latitude to the weeks around the summer solstice in June during which sunsets are late, sunrises are early and darkness is never complete. In Saint Petersburg, the Sun does not set until after 10 p.m., and the twilight lasts almost all night.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Tanglewood Music and Arts Festival", "paragraph_text": "Tanglewood Music and Arts Festival is an annual two-day music, comedy and arts event held within the grounds of Narrow Water Castle, County Down, Northern Ireland. The festival, founded in 2011, has attracted significant attention both within the local area and around Northern Ireland with buses coming from as far as Belfast to the event. For the 2011 and 2012 festivals Tanglewood was held on one day; however for 2013 it has expanded into a two-day camping festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Artscape (festival)", "paragraph_text": "Artscape is an annual art festival held in the Mount Royal neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland in July. Since its first annual event in 1982, it has become the largest free arts festival in America. It has boasted acts such as Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, and Matisyahu in the past, attracting over 350,000 people from the city, and surrounding areas. Film programming during Artscape is provided by Maryland Film Festival. There are artists in a variety of visual and performing media. Events are free and open to the public.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Great Northern Arts Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Great Northern Arts Festival is held each year in Inuvik, Northwest Territories. Lasting approximately ten days, it is an annual event held each summer. It was established in 1989 by Sharlene Alexander and Sue Rose. While the festival's mandate is to serve Northern artists and craftspeople, artists from around the world also attend. The festival is designed as a venue for artists to see each other's work and to experiment with new applications. It includes arts of all types, such as fiber art and Music of the Northwest Territories. Artists partake in demonstrations, masterclasses, seminars, and workshops. The festival's gallery offers pieces for sale. There are cultural presentations each evening which include concerts, dance, fashion, music, and storytelling. Media coverage brings festival highlights to viewing audiences.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dogwood Arts Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Dogwood Arts Festival is an annual event in Knoxville, Tennessee, sponsored by Dogwood Arts, a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization whose mission is to promote and celebrate regional art, culture, and natural beauty. The event is held in April and celebrates the blooming of the dogwood trees. It includes a parade, a house and garden show, and demonstrations of various Appalachian arts and crafts such as quilting, bluegrass music, and doll-making. Many events are held in Market Square in downtown Knoxville. Additionally, driving trails are marked in Knoxville and the surrounding area for people to view the dogwoods in bloom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Night of the Arts", "paragraph_text": "The Night of the Arts (Finnish: \"Taiteiden y\u00f6\" , Swedish: \"Konstens natt\" ) is an annual event held in several major cities in Finland, in late August. It is one of many White Night festivals held worldwide.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lubbock Arts Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Lubbock Arts Festival is an annual arts festival held in April at the Lubbock Memorial Civic Center in Lubbock, Texas. The festival is the largest fine arts and crafts show in West Texas. Since its establishment in 1978, the Lubbock Arts Festival focuses on visual, performing, culinary, and children\u2019s art. The 2013 Lubbock Arts Festival drew a record attendance of over 30,000. In 2014, the Silent Wings Museum participated in the festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kerala School Kalolsavam", "paragraph_text": "School Arts Festival of Kerala (Malayalam: \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d35\u0d02) is an annual event conducted by the state government of Kerala, featuring several art competitions for high school and higher secondary school students of Kerala. The festival was started in 1956, and till 2008, it was called as \"Kerala State School Youth Festival\". The participants are students from classes 8th to 12th. Winners from different revenue districts for a particular event will be competing in state level competition. The event is usually conducted in December\u2013January months of a year and is considered to be the biggest cultural event of Asia. 57th edition of Kerala School Kalolsavam 2017 is scheduled for January 16 to 22 at Kannur.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac2f79e5542996773102661", "question_text": " Chun Woo-hee's notable films include a South Korean horror film about  a policeman who investigates a series of mysterious killings and what?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["illnesses"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Into the Mirror", "paragraph_text": "Into the Mirror () is a 2003 South Korean horror film about a series of grisly deaths in a department store, all involving mirrors, and the troubled detective who investigates them. It was the debut film of director Kim Sung-ho.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Chun Woo-hee", "paragraph_text": "Chun Woo-hee (born April 20, 1987) is a South Korean actress. She made her acting debut in 2004, but first drew attention with her supporting role as a rebellious teenager in the 2011 box-office hit \"Sunny\". In 2014, Chun received domestic and international critical acclaim for her first leading role as the title character in \"Han Gong-ju\", a coming-of-age indie about a traumatized young woman trying to move on with her life after a tragedy. Her other notable films include \"The Beauty Inside\" (2015), \"Love, Lies\" (2016) and \"The Wailing\" (2016).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Argon (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Argon () is a 2017 South Korean television series starring Kim Joo-hyuk and Chun Woo-hee about passionate reporters. The series marks Chun Woo-hee's first small screen lead role. It aired on cable channel tvN every Monday and Tuesday at 22:50 (KST) from September 4 to September 26, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Han Gong-ju", "paragraph_text": "Han Gong-ju () is a 2013 South Korean film written and directed by Lee Su-jin, starring Chun Woo-hee in the title role. It was inspired by the infamous Miryang gang rape case of 2004.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "One Day (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "One Day () is a 2017 South Korean drama film directed by Lee Yoon-ki and starring Kim Nam-gil and Chun Woo-hee. The film was released on April 5, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Whispering Corridors (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Whispering Corridors (; also known as Ghost School and Ghost School Horror) is a South Korean horror film series. The series uses an all-girls high school as the backdrop for each of its films and doesn't share a continuing plot. Every \"Whispering Corridors\" film features a different plot, characters and settings. The series is notable for helping generate the explosion of the New Korean Wave cinematic movement, and dealing with taboo topics such as authoritarianism in the harsh South Korean education system, gay relationships and teen suicide, following the liberalization of censorship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Thirst (2009 film)", "paragraph_text": "Thirst (Korean: \ubc15\uc950; Bakjwi ; literally: \"Bat\") is a 2009 South Korean horror film written, produced and directed by Park Chan-wook. It is loosely based on the novel \"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Raquin\" by \u00c9mile Zola. The film tells the story of a Catholic priest\u2014who is in love with his friend\u2019s wife\u2014turning into a vampire through a failed medical experiment. Park has stated, \"This film was originally called 'The Bat' to convey a sense of horror. After all, it is about vampires. But it is also more than that. It is about passion and a love triangle. I feel that it is unique because it is not just a thriller, and not merely a horror film, but an illicit love story as well.\" The film won the Jury Prize at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival. It is the first mainstream Korean film to feature full-frontal male nudity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Love, Lies (2016 film)", "paragraph_text": "Love, Lies () is 2016 South Korean period drama film directed by Park Heung-sik, reuniting \"The Beauty Inside\" co-stars Han Hyo-joo, Chun Woo-hee and Yoo Yeon-seok. The story takes place in 1943, during the Imperial Japanese occupation of Korea. In the film, best friends Jung So-yul (Han Hyo-joo) and Seo Yeon-hee (Chun Woo-hee) are two of the last remaining \"gisaeng\". Although they enjoy pop music, they are committed to singing \"jeongga\", or classical Korean songs. So-yul's life falls apart when her lover, pop music producer Kim Yoon-woo (Yoo Yeon-seok), falls in love with Yeon-hee and helps her debut as a pop singer. The story follows So-yul's downward spiral as she is consumed by uncontrollable jealousy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Wailing (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Wailing () is a 2016 South Korean horror film directed by Na Hong-jin about a policeman who investigates a series of mysterious killings and illnesses. It was a commercial success.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dead Friend", "paragraph_text": "Dead Friend (; lit. \"The Ghost\") is a 2004 South Korean horror film. It is one of a number of South Korean horror films set in high school; the trend began with 1998's \"Whispering Corridors\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab6e6c7554299710c8d1fa4", "question_text": "What team had Tony Roberts replaced by an American sportscaster from Buffalo, New York when he retired?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Notre Dame Fighting Irish football"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Steve Albert", "paragraph_text": "Steve Albert (born Stephen Aufrichtig in Brooklyn, New York) was an American sportscaster. He has served as a play-by-play announcer for the New Jersey Nets, New Orleans Hornets, Golden State Warriors, New York Mets, and Phoenix Suns. He last was the television play-by-play announcer for the Phoenix Suns. He retired after the Phoenix Suns 2016-2017 season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Eli Gold", "paragraph_text": "Eli Gold (born December 15, 1953) is an American sportscaster. Gold is best known as the radio voice for the Alabama Crimson Tide football team, along with Tom Roberts, as part of the Crimson Tide Sports Network since 1988. He has also been the host of \"NASCAR Live\" on the Motor Racing Network since 1982. He formerly called play-by-play for Arena Football League's coverage on TNN and NBC and currently calls college football and NFL games for Sports USA Radio Network.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Spencer Ross", "paragraph_text": "Spencer Ross is an American sportscaster. With the exception of the New York Mets, Ross has called play-by-play for every professional New York metropolitan area sports franchise, including the Yankees of MLB, the Nets and Knicks of the NBA, and Jets and Giants of the NFL. He has also called games for the Americans of the ABA and, in the NHL, for the New Jersey Devils, New York Islanders and the New York Rangers. Outside of New York, he has called games for the Florida State Seminoles and Boston Celtics. Nationally, he has worked for the \"NFL on NBC\", \"Major League Baseball on CBS Radio\", the NCAA Basketball Tournament on Westwood One Radio and as the lead play by play announcer for the 1992 USA Olympic Dream Team with Dick Vitale.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "John Murphy (sportscaster)", "paragraph_text": "John Murphy is an American sportscaster from Buffalo, New York. He is best known as the voice of the Buffalo Bills Radio Network and host of \"The John Murphy Show\" on WGR and MSG Western New York. In addition to the Bills, he also served as commentator for the Buffalo Bisons, Canisius College Golden Griffins, Buffalo Bulls and Niagara University Purple Eagles in the 1980s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Victor/Victoria (1995 film)", "paragraph_text": "Victor/Victoria is a 1995 videotaped television production of the Broadway musical of the same name written and directed by Blake Edwards, starring Julie Andrews, Tony Roberts, Michael Nouri, Rachel York, Richard B. Shull and Gregory Jbara. The play's opening night performance on October 25, 1995 at the Marquis Theatre in New York City was filmed exclusively for Japanese television broadcast by NHK on December 23, 1995. It was directed for the stage by Edwards and directed for television by Matthew Diamond and Goro Kobayashi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Randy Karraker", "paragraph_text": "Randall James Karraker (born August 19, 1962) is an American sportscaster in St. Louis, Missouri. He hosts \"The Fast Lane\", the top-rated sports radio show in St. Louis, on 101 ESPN, with former St. Louis Cardinals player Brad Thompson and Chris Rongey. He was also the host of the St. Louis Rams pregame shows on 101 ESPN up until the team's move to Los Angeles in January 2016. He hosted this show with former NFL coach Jim Hanifan, before Hanifan was replaced by Rick Venturi in 2009, and then with Anthony Stalter up until the team's departure. In 2009 and 2010, he was also the television voice of Southern Illinois Edwardsville Cougars basketball on CCIN. He used to be the host of the popular CCIN television program \"Chalk Talk\", with Malcolm Briggs, McGraw Millhaven, and Tony Twist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Al Meltzer", "paragraph_text": "Al Meltzer (born 1928), nicknamed \"Big Al\", is a retired American sportscaster. Meltzer worked for Channel 10 and Channel 3 in Philadelphia, and Comcast SportsNet (as sports director). He also worked for WPHL-17 where he called play-by-play of Big 5 and 76ers basketball. He has also covered the Philadelphia Eagles, Philadelphia Phillies, and Temple Owls. Previously, he worked in Buffalo, New York at WEBR. He is a member of the Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, Big 5 Hall of Fame, the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame and Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame. During the 1970s, Meltzer, while still living in Philadelphia, commuted to Buffalo to serve as the Buffalo Bills Radio Network play-by-play announcer, serving on a team with Rick Azar and Ed Rutkowski.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The 1987 Annual World's Best SF", "paragraph_text": "The 1987 Annual World's Best SF is an anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Donald A. Wollheim and Arthur W. Saha, the fourteenth volume in a series of nineteen. It was first published in paperback by DAW Books in June 1987, followed by a hardcover edition issued in July of the same year by the same publisher as a selection of the Science Fiction Book Club. For the hardcover edition the original cover art by Tony Roberts was replaced by a new cover painting by Richard Powers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tony Roberts (sportscaster)", "paragraph_text": "Tony Roberts (born 1928) is an American retired sportscaster who was the play-by-play announcer for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team from 1980 until 2006. He is a member of the Indiana Broadcasters Hall of Fame, Holiday Bowl Hall of Fame and College Football Hall of Fame. In 2005, he won the Chris Schenkel Award. In 2006, he was replaced by Don Criqui as play-by-play announcer for Notre Dame.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Don Criqui", "paragraph_text": "Don Criqui (born May 5, 1940, Buffalo, New York) is an American sportscaster, currently the radio voice of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade82ba5542992fa25da7a3", "question_text": "Are Catasetum and Origanum in the same family?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Za'atar", "paragraph_text": "Za'atar (Arabic: \u0632\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u200e \u200e , ] ) is a generic name for a family of related Middle Eastern herbs from the genera \"Origanum\" (oregano), \"Calamintha\" (basil thyme), \"Thymus\" (typically \"Thymus vulgaris\", i.e., thyme), and \"Satureja\" (savory). The name \"za'atar\" alone most properly applies to \"Origanum syriacum\", considered in biblical scholarship to be the hyssop (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d6\u05d5\u05d1\u200e \u200e ] ) of the Hebrew Bible. It is also the name for a condiment made from the dried herb(s), mixed with sesame seeds, dried sumac, and often salt, as well as other spices. Used in Levantine cuisine, both the herb and spice mixture are popular throughout the Middle East.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Origanum libanoticum", "paragraph_text": "Origanum libanoticum (Lebanese oregano, hopflower oregano, cascading hopflower oregano, ornamental oregano or cascading oregano) is a species of herbaceous flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to the mountains of Lebanon and Syria.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Oregano", "paragraph_text": "Oregano ( or ; ;, scientific name \"Origanum vulgare\", is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is native to temperate western and southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Catasetum", "paragraph_text": "Catasetum, abbreviated as Ctsm in horticultural trade, is a genus of showy epiphytic Orchids, family Orchidaceae, subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Cymbidieae, subtribe Catasetinae, with 166 species, many of which are highly prized in horticulture.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Origanum syriacum", "paragraph_text": "Origanum syriacum; syn. Majorana syriaca (also Origanum maru, although this primarily refers to a hybrid of \"O. syriacum\"), bible hyssop, Biblical-hyssop, Lebanese oregano or Syrian oregano, is an aromatic perennial herb in the mint family, Lamiaceae.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Origanum rotundifolium", "paragraph_text": "Origanum rotundifolium, the round-leaved oregano, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Turkey, Armenia and Georgia. It is a small woody-based perennial or subshrub growing to 10 - tall by 30 cm wide, with strongly aromatic leaves, and loose clusters of pink flowers with hop-like pale green bracts, throughout the summer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Origanum laevigatum", "paragraph_text": "Origanum laevigatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to Cyprus, Syria, and Turkey. It is a woody-based perennial growing to 50 - tall by 45 cm wide, with strongly aromatic leaves, and loose clusters of pink funnel-shaped flowers with persistent purple bracts, throughout the summer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Origanum amanum", "paragraph_text": "Origanum amanum, the Amanum oregano, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to the Hatay Province of southern Turkey, bordering on Syria. It is an evergreen subshrub growing to 10 - tall by 30 cm wide, with strongly aromatic leaves, and clusters of pink funnel-shaped flowers in summer and autumn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Origanum", "paragraph_text": "Origanum ( )is a genus of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and much of temperate Asia, where they are found in open or mountainous habitats. A few species also naturalized in scattered locations in North America and other regions.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a84995d5542997b5ce3fee4", "question_text": "Cooperative Living Organization is located in a city that is the county seat of what county in Florida?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Alachua"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Cooperative Living Organization", "paragraph_text": "Cooperative Living Organization (formerly Collegiate Living Organization) or CLO in Gainesville, Florida, is one of the oldest continuously operating independent student-governed cooperative living organizations in the United States. The 80-year-old organization has provided over 2000 financially disadvantaged students an opportunity for a University of Florida education while providing experience in independent and socially responsible living by pooled resources and self-governance.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mason, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Mason is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is named after the state's first governor, Stevens T. Mason. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,252. It is the county seat of Ingham County. Mason is the only city in the U.S. that serves as a county seat ahead of a state capital, with the capital of Lansing also in Ingham County. Despite Mason being the county seat, many county offices and courtrooms are located in Lansing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Cumberland Homesteads", "paragraph_text": "Cumberland Homesteads is a community located in Cumberland County, Tennessee, United States. Established by the New Deal-era Division of Subsistence Homesteads in 1934, the community was envisioned by federal planners as a model of cooperative living for the region's distressed farmers, coal miners, and factory workers. While the cooperative experiment failed and the federal government withdrew from the project in the 1940s, the Homesteads community nevertheless survived. In 1988, several hundred of the community's original houses and other buildings, which are characterized by the native \"crab orchard\" sandstone used in their construction, were added to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Florida's 16th congressional district", "paragraph_text": "Florida's 16th congressional district is an electoral district for the U.S. Congress and was reassigned in 2012, effective January 2013, to western Manatee County, Florida and Sarasota County. The district stretches from Bradenton, the County Seat, in Manatee County to North Port, in Sarasota County, the county's youngest and most populous incorporated city. The city of Sarasota is the County Seat of Sarasota County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Gainesville, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Gainesville is the county seat and largest city in Alachua County, Florida, United States, and the principal city of the Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The population of Gainesville in the 2013 US Census estimates was 127,488, a 2.4% growth from 2010. Gainesville is the largest city in the region of North Central Florida. It is also a component of the Gainesville-Lake City Combined Statistical Area, which had a 2013 population of 337,925.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ellicott City, Maryland", "paragraph_text": "Ellicott City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place, along with being the county seat of local government in Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is part of the Baltimore Metropolitan Area. The population was 65,834 at the 2010 census. Founded in 1772, the town contains the B. & O. Railroad Museum's branch at the Ellicott City Station, built in 1830 as the first terminus of the initial line. The downtown historic district is located in the valley of the small Tiber River, with its east end abutting the Patapsco River, which forms the Baltimore County line. As of the 2000 census, Ellicott City surpassed Towson (county seat of neighboring Baltimore County) for the first time, as the largest unincorporated county seat in the country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of counties in Florida", "paragraph_text": "There are 67 counties in the state of Florida. It became a territory of the U.S. in 1821 with two counties complementing the provincial divisions retained as a Spanish territory: Escambia to the west and St. Johns to the east, divided by the Suwannee River. All of the other counties were apportioned from these two original counties. Florida became the 27th U.S. state in 1845, and its last county was created in 1925 with the formation of Gilchrist County from a segment of Alachua County. Florida's counties are subdivisions of the state government. In 1968, counties gained the power to develop their own charters. All but two of Florida's county seats are incorporated municipalities. The exceptions are Crawfordville, county seat of rural Wakulla County, and East Naples, located outside Naples city limits in Collier County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Johnston Library", "paragraph_text": "The Johnston Library is a historic library located at 210 W. 10th St. in Baxter Springs, Kansas. The building was constructed in 1872 to serve as a courthouse during Baxter Springs' unsuccessful attempt to become the Cherokee County seat. Though Baxter Springs had lost an election to choose the county seat in 1869 to Columbus, supporters of both cities had attempted to fraudulently swing the election in their favor, and Baxter Springs hoped it could still become county seat in the future. The building initially served as the county jail and sheriff's office until Columbus completed its jail in 1880. After this, Baxter Springs ultimately gave up its attempts to become the county seat, and the building became its city hall. In 1905, resident Niles P. Johnston bequeathed $5,000 to the city to start a library, and the city hall building was chosen to house it.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cerro Gordo County Courthouse (Iowa)", "paragraph_text": "The Cerro Gordo County Courthouse is located in Mason City, Iowa, United States. When Cerro Gordo County was created in 1855 and Mason City was selected to be the county seat. Dissatisfaction in the western part of the county led the Iowa legislature to appoint three new commissioners who would move the county seat to Livonia. A courthouse was built there. A petition signed by over half of the citizens of the county requested that the county seat be moved back to Mason City. Mason City also won the election in 1858 to decide the matter 155-48. Two courthouses have stood in Mason City prior to the present Modernist structure that was occupied by the county in 1960. It had been built as the Standard Oil Building, and was acquired by the county in 1959 for $159,400 and then remodeled for their use.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tampa\u2013Hillsborough County Public Library System", "paragraph_text": "The Tampa\u2013Hillsborough County Public Library System (THPL) is a public library system based in Hillsborough County, Florida. The State Library of Florida is the main library source for Government of Florida as well as governs a large portion of Florida's public and private libraries. THPL is part of two larger library networks, the Hillsborough County Public Library Cooperative and the Tampa Bay Library Consortium, which also includes Temple Terrace Public Library in Temple Terrace, Florida, and Bruton Memorial Library in Plant City, Florida. There are 25 branches of the Tampa\u2013Hillsborough County Library System, not including digital-only and mobile-only services. Services provided by the THPL include (but are in no way limited to) internet access, public meeting room spaces, interlibrary loans, a Bookmobile, a Cybermobile for Spanish speakers, technology classes, adult literacy programs, and downloadable eBooks. Drive-thru windows for returns and hold pick-ups are located at the Jimmie B. Keel and the Jan Kaminis Platt Regional Libraries. The Tampa\u2013Hillsborough County Public Library System is also a part of Hillsborough County government.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae759b25542991e8301cc6b", "question_text": "The 2015 Austrian thriller film Jack tells the story of a serial killer who died in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1994"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jack (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Jack is a 2015 Austrian thriller film about serial killer Jack Unterweger, directed by Elisabeth Scharang. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Play the Game (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Play The Game! is a 2015 Austrian mystery thriller film portraying a series of events which take place in the context of a real-life game. It was written and directed by J\u00f6rg Helbig. The film uses elements of film noir and psychological thriller. It opened in Austria on June 16, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Charles Cullen", "paragraph_text": "Charles Edmund Cullen (born February 22, 1960) is a former nurse who is the most prolific serial killer in New Jersey history and is suspected to be the most prolific serial killer in American history. He confessed to authorities that he killed up to 40 patients during the course of his 16-year nursing career. But in subsequent interviews with police, psychiatric professionals, and journalists Charles Graeber and Steve Kroft, it became clear that he had killed many more, whom he could not specifically remember by name, though he could often remember details of their case. Experts have estimated that Charles Cullen may ultimately be responsible for 400 deaths, which would make him the most prolific serial killer in American history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Raman Raghav 2.0", "paragraph_text": "Raman Raghav 2.0 is a 2016 Indian neo noir psychological thriller film directed by Anurag Kashyap. Nawazuddin Siddiqui plays the role of Ramanna, a psychopathic serial killer inspired by a serial killer who operated in Mumbai during the mid-1960s named Raman Raghav. Vicky Kaushal plays Raghavan, a cop assigned to investigate the serial killings. The film premiered at the Cannes Directors\u2019 Fortnight to a positive critical reception, raising hopes of a good showing at the box office. It was released on 24 June 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Revanche (film)", "paragraph_text": "Revanche is a 2008 Austrian thriller film written and directed by G\u00f6tz Spielmann. It centers on the ill-fated love story between a Viennese ex-con and a Ukrainian prostitute who get involved in a bank robbery.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Jack Unterweger", "paragraph_text": "Johann \"Jack\" Unterweger (16 August 195029 June 1994) was an Austrian serial killer who murdered prostitutes in several countries. First convicted of a 1974 murder, he was released in 1990 as an example of rehabilitation. He became a journalist and minor celebrity, but within months started killing again. He committed suicide following a conviction for several murders. Austrian psychiatrist Dr. Reinhard Haller diagnosed him with narcissistic personality disorder in 1994.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hannah (1997 film)", "paragraph_text": "Hannah is a 1997 Austrian thriller film directed by Reinhard Schwabenitzky. The film was selected as the Austrian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 69th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sun Hill Serial Killer", "paragraph_text": "The Sun Hill Serial Killer was a major storyline from ITV's cop show \"The Bill\". Known originally as the \"River Murders\", the storyline spanned several months in 2002 and served as the exit for popular cast regular Cass Rickman (played by Suzanne Maddock). It was the first of several serial killer storylines from the show. Events came to a head in the New Year of 2003, when Acting DI Samantha Nixon discovers the truth and is taken hostage by the serial killer, before a final confrontation in which she is overpowered by DC Duncan Lennox, charged and thrown into the cells at Sun Hill Station.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The House That Jack Built (2018 film)", "paragraph_text": "The House That Jack Built is an upcoming psychological horror thriller film written and directed by Lars von Trier, starring Matt Dillon in the title role of Jack. The story follows Jack, a serial killer, over the course of 12 years in the 1970s and 1980s in the US state of Washington. Von Trier has described the film as celebrating \"the idea that life is evil and soulless.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ek Villain", "paragraph_text": "Ek Villain (English: \"One Villain\") is a 2014 Indian romantic thriller directed by Mohit Suri. The film stars Sidharth Malhotra, Shraddha Kapoor and Riteish Deshmukh in lead roles, and tells the story of a hardened criminal whose terminally ill wife is murdered by a serial killer. The film was produced by Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor under Balaji Motion Pictures and ALT Entertainment. The film is an unofficial remake of the 2010 South Korean action thriller film \"I Saw the Devil\". Upon its release on 27 June 2014, the film received mixed to positive reviews from the critics, and was a commercial success.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae17e4255429901ffe4aeae", "question_text": "Which musician played in the band Soulfly, Max Cavalera or Billy Idol?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Massimiliano Antonio \"Max\" Cavalera", "Max Cavalera"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bleed (Soulfly song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Bleed\" is the third single by metal band Soulfly, released in 1998 from the self-titled album \"Soulfly\". Limp Bizkit guest members Fred Durst and DJ Lethal sing this song about pain, lying and madness with lyrics written by Durst and Max Cavalera. This song tributes Cavalera for the untimely death of his stepson Dana.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Roots (Sepultura album)", "paragraph_text": "Roots is the sixth studio album by Brazilian heavy metal band Sepultura. It was released in Europe on \u00a020,\u00a01996\u00a0(1996--) and in the U.S. three weeks later on March 12 by Roadrunner Records. It is the band's last studio album to feature founding member and vocalist/rhythm guitarist Max Cavalera. Following the shift to slower tempos and Latin-tinged rhythms on the album \"Chaos A.D.\", \"Roots\" delves even further into Brazilian musical textures and features significant contributions from Brazilian musician Carlinhos Brown, who guided and arranged the sections throughout the album that feature ensemble percussion playing. The song \"Lookaway\" also features guest appearances by Korn vocalist Jonathan Davis, former Korn drummer David Silveria, former Limp Bizkit turntablist DJ Lethal, and Faith No More/Mr. Bungle/Tomahawk/Fant\u00f4mas vocalist Mike Patton. The album draws influence from the then-surging nu metal movement, specifically Korn (whose first two albums were also produced by Ross Robinson) and Deftones. (After leaving the band, Max Cavalera would continue to pursue the nu metal and \"world\" stylings of \"Roots\" with his solo project Soulfly.) Since its release, \"Roots\" has sold over 2 million copies worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Point Blank (Nailbomb album)", "paragraph_text": "Point Blank is the only studio album by heavy metal band Nailbomb, released on March 8, 1994 by Roadrunner Records. The side project \"Nailbomb\" was started by Max Cavalera and Alex Newport in the mid-1990s. The first track \"Wasting Away\" appears in the 1995 film \"To Die For\". The album cover is a female Vietcong member with a U.S. soldier's gun to her head. The album is set to be played live in its entirety for the first time ever, later in 2017 by Max Cavalera performing under his band Soulfly, more than 20 years after the release of the album and the band's break up. However, Alex Newport will not be part of these performances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Billy Idol", "paragraph_text": "William Michael Albert Broad (born 30 November 1955), known professionally as Billy Idol, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He first achieved fame in the 1970s as a member of the punk rock band Generation X. Subsequently, he embarked on a solo career which led to international recognition and made Idol one of the lead artists during the MTV-driven \"Second British Invasion\" in the United States.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Soulfly discography", "paragraph_text": "The following is the discography of Soulfly, a heavy metal band formed in 1997 by Max Cavalera after leaving Sepultura. The band's original lyrical content revolved around spirituality, political and religious themes, with later albums encompassing other themes including war, violence, aggression, slavery, hatred and anger. Soulfly incorporates many styles of metal with Brazilian tribal and world music. All of their first six studio albums debuted on the United States \"Billboard\" 200, with a peak position at number 32 for their second album, \"Primitive\". \"Soulfly\" has been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. The band has gone through numerous line-up changes, with Cavalera being the only constant member. To date the band has released ten studio albums, one tour EP, twenty-three singles, one video album, and twelve music videos. Their debut album, \"Soulfly\", was released on April 21, 1998, while their newest album, \"Archangel\", was released on August 14, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Max Cavalera", "paragraph_text": "Massimiliano Antonio \"Max\" Cavalera (] , born August 4, 1969) is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter who currently plays in heavy metal bands Soulfly, Cavalera Conspiracy, and Killer Be Killed. In 1984, he co-founded the acclaimed heavy metal band Sepultura with his brother Igor Cavalera and was the band's lead singer and rhythm guitarist until he left in 1996. Cavalera was also involved in a short-lived side project called Nailbomb.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Soulfly (album)", "paragraph_text": "Soulfly is the self-titled debut album by the metal band Soulfly, released on April 21, 1998 through Roadrunner Records. The record was released in memory of frontman Max Cavalera's murdered stepson and the first album featuring Cavalera since leaving Sepultura two years prior. Both CDs have the message \"In Loving Memory Dana\" printed across them. The album has been certified gold by the RIAA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tree of Pain", "paragraph_text": "\"Tree of Pain\" is a song by heavy metal band Soulfly, released in 2002 as the seventh track of the studio album numerically titled \"3\". Like most other songs, \"Tree of Pain\" has never been released as a single. This song is unique for Soulfly that it contains a pop ballad and a woman singer. This song tributes Max Cavalera for his stepson's (Dana Wells') untimely death.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tribe (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Tribe\" is the fourth single by metal band Soulfly, released in January 1999. It is played as the ninth track of the eponymous debut album \"Soulfly\", after \"Bleed\" and before \"Bumba\". \"Tribe\" is the fourth and last single of the album. As with every other Soulfly songs with vocals, the lyrics were written by Max Cavalera.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Eye for an Eye (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Eye for an Eye\" is the first single by metal band Soulfly, released in 1998. The song is the first track of the debut album \"Soulfly\". However, \"Eye for an Eye\" is the tenth single written by Max Cavalera overall. His last single was Sepultura's \"Ratamahatta\" before he left the band and formed Soulfly. It has become Soulfly's trademark song, and is used at the closing of every Soulfly show since 1998.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7c17c95542990527d5544d", "question_text": "A guitar player called Noodles is a longtime member of which band, The Smashing Pumpkins or The Offspring?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Offspring"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mike Byrne (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Michael William Byrne (born February 6, 1990) is a drummer who was a member of the band The Smashing Pumpkins. When Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan called for rehearsals to replace Jimmy Chamberlin, Byrne auditioned and was chosen out of thousands of applicants. He played drums in Sky Saxon tribute band Spirits in the Sky for 6 shows in August 2009, along with Corgan, Kerry Brown, Kevin Dippold, Mark Tulin, Linda Strawberry, Ysanne Spevack, Mark Weitz, and Dave Navarro, and also performs drums on the ongoing Pumpkins 44-song project, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". As a part of \"Teargarden\", Mike contributed drumming duties on \"Oceania\", the Pumpkins' eighth full-length album. On April 17, 2010, Byrne played his first show under the Smashing Pumpkins moniker in celebration of Record Store Day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Offspring", "paragraph_text": "The Offspring is an American rock band from Garden Grove, California, formed in 1984. Originally formed under the name Manic Subsidal, the band has consisted of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Dexter Holland, bassist Greg K., lead guitarist Kevin \"Noodles\" Wasserman and drummer Pete Parada since 2007. While Holland, Greg K., and Noodles have been constant members since the band was formed, the Offspring has gone through a number of drummers. Their longest-serving drummer was Ron Welty, who had been a member of The Offspring for 16 years; he was replaced by Atom Willard in 2003, and then four years later by Parada. The band is often credited\u2014alongside fellow California punk bands Green Day, Bad Religion, NOFX, Pennywise and Rancid\u2014for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the 1990s. They have sold over 40 million records worldwide, being considered one of the best-selling punk rock bands of all time.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Rotten Apples", "paragraph_text": "Rotten Apples (The Smashing Pumpkins - Greatest Hits as titled on the album's cover) is a greatest hits compilation album by alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. In the US, it was released in 2001 along with a bonus disc titled \"Judas O\". The album's concluding track, \"Untitled\", was the Pumpkins' final recording before their breakup. Completed in the days leading up to the band's farewell concert at the Metro in Chicago, it was also released as a single. Another notable track is \"Real Love\"; while previously released on \"Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music\", this was taken from the factory master tapes and, as a result, lacks the pops and clicks inherent in all copies of \"Machina II\" (which is vinyl sourced).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Son of Sam/Bombs Over Broadway", "paragraph_text": "Son Of Sam/Bombs Over Broadway is Violent Soho's third EP. Produced by Gil Norton and mixed by Rich Costey, it was released on 10 May 2010 on Thurston Moore's Ecstatic Peace! label. The Norman Records review called the EP a \"fiendish mixture of The Towers of London and The Offspring.\" Comparisons were made with Smashing Pumpkins, both favorable and unfavorable. Soundblab said that \"their gloom laden guitars and wincing screeches - a la Smashing Pumpkins circa Mellon Collie - have been done better before.\" However, Uber Rock called Son Of Sam \"the sort of three-minute anthem Billy Corgan would once have written before he disappeared into the O in his Zero T shirt,\" and declared Bombs Over Broadway to be a \"caustic mix of The Pixies, with its chugging verse, before breaking into the type of riotous chorus that fellow countrymen The Living End have made their trademark.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jimmy Chamberlin", "paragraph_text": "James Joseph Chamberlin (born June 10, 1964) is an American drummer and record producer. He is best known as the drummer for the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. Following the 2000 breakup of the band, Chamberlin joined Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan in the supergroup Zwan and also formed his own group, the Jimmy Chamberlin Complex. In 2005, Chamberlin joined Corgan in reforming The Smashing Pumpkins; he eventually left the group in March 2009, though he returned again in 2015 for a summer tour. He performed in the group Skysaw until 2012. He is currently active under the Jimmy Chamberlin Complex name. In addition to his current work as CEO, Chamberlin has joined Chicago jazz saxophonist Frank Catalano for a string of 2013\u201315 performances in the Chicago area. An EP by Catalano and Chamberlin \"Love Supreme Collective - EP\" was released on the 29th of July 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Range Life (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Range Life\" is a song by Pavement, the third single from their 1994 album \"Crooked Rain, Crooked Rain\". The song attracted attention with controversial lyrics that seemed to mock alternative rock superstars the Smashing Pumpkins and the Stone Temple Pilots; Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan expressed his displeasure in magazine interviews, while songwriter Stephen Malkmus maintained that his words had been misinterpreted and no insult was intended. Regardless, Pavement, which was due to tour for Lollapalooza in 1994, got kicked out when the Smashing Pumpkins, the headlining act, threatened to cancel their Lollapalooza dates if Pavement played. Pavement would eventually play Lollapalooza the next year. An early 1993 demo of the song did not feature this verse; guitarist Spiral Stairs recalled in 2004 that when Malkmus first revealed these new lyrics to his bandmates at the New York City recording sessions for \"CRCR\", \"we almost lost our lunch from laughing so much.\" The single was not commercially released in the USA; it was issued by the band's UK label at the time, Big Cat. Both B-sides are outtakes from the \"Crooked Rain, Crooked Rain\" sessions and are included on the 2004 of that album. This song was one of many to be included in the group's greatest hits album \"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of the Smashing Pumpkins band members", "paragraph_text": "The Smashing Pumpkins are an alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988. The band was formed by guitarist/vocalist Billy Corgan and guitarist James Iha after the demise of Corgan's first band, The Marked. Since its inception, The Smashing Pumpkins has gone through multiple line-up changes, with Corgan the only consistent member.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Smashing Pumpkins", "paragraph_text": "The Smashing Pumpkins are an American alternative rock band from Chicago, Illinois, formed in 1988. Formed by frontman Billy Corgan (lead vocals, guitar) and James Iha (guitar), the band included D'arcy Wretzky (bass guitar) and Jimmy Chamberlin (drums) in its original incarnation. It has undergone many line-up changes over the course of its existence, with the current lineup being Corgan and rhythm guitarist Jeff Schroeder.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Billy Corgan", "paragraph_text": "William Patrick \"Billy\" Corgan Jr. (born March 17, 1967) is an American musician, songwriter, producer, poet, and entrepreneur. He is best known as the lead singer, primary songwriter, guitarist, and sole permanent member of The Smashing Pumpkins. Formed by Corgan and guitarist James Iha in Chicago, Illinois, in 1988, the band quickly gained steam with the addition of bassist D'arcy Wretzky and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin. Strong album sales and large-scale tours propelled the band's increasing fame in the 1990s until their break-up in 2000. Corgan started a new band called Zwan, and after their quick demise, he released a solo album (\"TheFutureEmbrace\") and a collection of poetry (\"Blinking with Fists\") before setting his sights on reforming Smashing Pumpkins.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "1979 (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"1979\" is a song by American alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins. Released in 1996 as the second single from their third studio album, \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\", \"1979\" was written by frontman Billy Corgan, and features loops and samples that were uncharacteristic of previous Smashing Pumpkins songs. The song was written as a coming of age story by Corgan. In the year 1979, Corgan was 12 and this is what he considered his transition into adolescence. The song was popular with critics and fans; Allmusic's Amy Hanson called it a \"somewhat surprising hit\". The song was nominated for the Record of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 39th Annual Grammy Awards, and won an MTV Video Music Award for Best Alternative Video. In 2012, it was voted the second-best Smashing Pumpkins song by Rolling Stone magazine readers.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae1e9635542997f29b3c19e", "question_text": "Which airport is located further north in the United States, San Angelo Regional Airport or Grand Junction Regional Airport?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Grand Junction Regional Airport"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "San Angelo Regional Airport", "paragraph_text": "San Angelo Regional Airport (IATA: SJT,\u00a0ICAO: KSJT,\u00a0FAA LID: SJT) , also known as Mathis Field, is a public airport serving the city of San Angelo, in Tom Green County, Texas, USA. The airport covers 1503 acre and has three runways. The airport also offers free parking.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "O.C. Fisher Reservoir", "paragraph_text": "O.C. Fisher Reservoir (also known as O.C. Fisher Lake, formerly known as San Angelo Lake) is an artificial lake located west of the city of San Angelo, Texas. With the financial support of the Upper Colorado River Authority, construction on the dam to form the reservoir was begun by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 1947 and the lake was officially impounded in 1952. Originally named San Angelo Lake, the reservoir was renamed in 1975 for local U.S. Congressman O.C. Fisher, to honor his 23 years of service in the United States Congress.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Grand Junction Regional Airport", "paragraph_text": "Grand Junction Regional Airport (IATA: KGJT,\u00a0ICAO: GJT) is a public airport three miles northeast of Grand Junction, in Mesa County, Colorado. Owned by the Grand Junction Regional Airport Authority, it is the largest airport in western Colorado and third largest in the state, behind Denver International Airport and Colorado Springs Airport.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ute meridian", "paragraph_text": "The Ute meridian, also known as the Grand River meridian, was established in 1880 and is a principal meridian of Colorado. The initial point lies inside the boundaries of Grand Junction Regional Airport, Grand Junction, Colorado.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "KSJT-FM", "paragraph_text": "KSJT-FM (107.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish music format. Currently known as \"K-107 La Grande\", KSJT began in 1985 at a facility on Oakes St. in San Angelo and later moved studios to the current location, 209 W. Beuaregard. Licensed to San Angelo, Texas, United States, the station serves the San Angelo area. The station is currently owned by La Unica Broadcasting Co. .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Grand Junction, Colorado", "paragraph_text": "The city of Grand Junction is the home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Mesa County, Colorado, United States. The city has a council\u2013manager form of government, and is the most populous municipality in all of western Colorado. Grand Junction is situated 247 mi west-southwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 58,566. Grand Junction is the 15th most populous city in the state of Colorado and the most populous city on the Colorado Western Slope. Grand Junction serves as a major commercial and transportation hub within the large area between the Green River and the Continental Divide. It is the principal city of the Grand Junction Metropolitan Statistical Area which had a population of 146,723 in 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "San Angelo Sheep Herders", "paragraph_text": "The San Angelo Sheep Herders were a West Texas League baseball team based in San Angelo, Texas, United States that played in 1929. They were the last team to play in San Angelo until the San Angelo Colts came about in 1948.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "San Angelo, Texas", "paragraph_text": "San Angelo is a city in and the county seat of Tom Green County, Texas, United States. Its location is in the Concho Valley, a region of West Texas between the Permian Basin to the northwest, Chihuahuan Desert to the southwest, Osage Plains to the northeast, and Central Texas to the southeast. According to a 2014 Census estimate, San Angelo has a total population of 100,450. The city is the principal city and center of the San Angelo metropolitan area, which has a population of 118,182.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Elizabeth City Regional Airport", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth City Regional Airport (IATA: ECG,\u00a0ICAO: KECG,\u00a0FAA LID: ECG) is a joint civil-military public and military use airport located three\u00a0nautical miles (6\u00a0km) southeast of the central business district of Elizabeth City, in Pasquotank County, North Carolina, United States. The airport, on the shore of the Pasquotank River, is also known as Elizabeth City-Pasquotank County Regional Airport or ECG Regional Airport. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011\u20132015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "San Angelo Red Snappers", "paragraph_text": "The San Angelo Red Snappers were a West Texas League baseball team based in San Angelo, Texas, United States that played in 1928, winning the league championship that year under manager Red Snapp. The team became the San Angelo Sheep Herders in 1929.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abeab375542990832d3a091", "question_text": "The 1978 NBA World Championship Series had as MVP which Hall of Fame class member of 1988?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Westley Sissel Unseld"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Wes Unseld", "paragraph_text": "Westley Sissel Unseld (born March 14, 1946) is an American former basketball player. He spent his entire NBA career with the Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets, and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1988.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "1959 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1959 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1958\u201359 National Basketball Association season, and was the conclusion of the 1959 NBA Playoffs. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. It was Boston's third trip to the NBA Finals and Minneapolis's sixth. The Boston Celtics swept the Lakers 4\u20130. That was the start of the Celtics' 8 consecutive championships, from 1959\u20131966. To date, this is the most recent time that an NBA team from Minnesota appeared in an NBA Finals, as well as the first of two times in NBA history that a team with a losing record made the NBA Finals (the other was in 1981).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "1958 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1958 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series for the 1957\u201358 National Basketball Association (NBA) season, and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. It pitted the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks against the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. The Hawks won the series in six games to win the club's first and so far only NBA championship title.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1961 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1961 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1961 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1960\u201361 season. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Conference champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics. This was the fourth and final World Championship Series meeting between the two teams. It was also Celtics' fifth straight trip to the championship series, and they won the series against the Hawks, 4\u20131.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "1978 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1978 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1977\u201378 season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. The series featured the Western Conference champion Seattle SuperSonics against the Eastern Conference champion Washington Bullets. The Bullets defeated the SuperSonics in seven games to win the NBA championship. Bullets power forward/center Wes Unseld was named MVP of the series. Before the Cleveland Cavaliers' Game 7 win at Golden State in the 2016 NBA Finals, this was the last time a road team had won Game 7 in the NBA Finals. The 1978 Finals is the only NBA Finals series since the 1958 NBA Finals in which both teams had under 50 wins. The 1979 Finals are the only NBA Finals to feature two teams with under 50 wins in an 82-game season.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1970 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1970 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1970 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the 1969\u201370 National Basketball Association (NBA) season. The Eastern Division champion New York Knicks defeated the Western Division champion Los Angeles Lakers in a best-of-seven series 4 games to 3 for their first NBA title.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1957 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1957 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1956\u201357 National Basketball Association season, and was the conclusion of the 1957 NBA Playoffs. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. This was the first trip to the Finals for each team, the first Finals in which both teams competing were making their first appearances since 1951. The Celtics won the series over the Hawks, 4\u20133. It remains the only Game 7 in NBA history to be decided in double-overtime.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1979 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1979 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series played at the conclusion of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1978\u201379 season. The Western Conference champion Seattle SuperSonics played the Eastern Conference champion Washington Bullets, with the Bullets holding home-court advantage, due to a better regular season record. The SuperSonics defeated the Bullets 4 games to 1. The series was a rematch of the 1978 NBA Finals, which the Washington Bullets had won 4\u20133.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1973 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1973 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1972\u201373 National Basketball Association (NBA) season, and the culmination of that season's playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion New York Knicks defeated the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1. The series was an exact reversal of the prior year, with the Lakers winning Game 1 and the Knicks taking the next four games. Knicks center Willis Reed was named as the NBA Finals MVP.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "1967 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 1967 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1966\u201367 National Basketball Association (NBA) season, and was the conclusion of the 1967 NBA Playoffs. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Conference champion San Francisco Warriors and the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia 76ers. This was the first championship series in 11 years without the Boston Celtics, who were defeated in the Division Finals by Philadelphia.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adf9dc3554299025d62a2e6", "question_text": "What is the name of the actress who has received a Drama Desk award and was part of the cast album for the 2007 Broadway production of the hit musical, \"Grease\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Laura Ann Osnes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Brad Alexander", "paragraph_text": "Brad Alexander (born February 2, 1971) is an American songwriter and musical theater composer, most notably of the musical \"See Rock City & Other Destinations\", which won the 2011 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Book of a Musical, the Richard Rodgers Award and the BMI Foundation\u2019s Jerry Bock Award. He wrote the music and orchestrations for Theatreworks USA\u2019s \"Click, Clack, Moo\", which premiered Off-Broadway at the Lucille Lortel Theater and received a Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Lyrics and Lucille Lortel Award nominations for Outstanding Choreographer, Outstanding Lyrics and Outstanding Musical. His songs have been featured on Sony Records, Select Records, Showtime\u2019s The L Word, VH1's \u201cCelebreality\u201d campaign, Sirius XM Radio and web series Submissions Only. He is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame, National Alliance for Musical Theatre, Dramatists Guild of America and member Emeritus of The BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theatre Workshop. He is married to actress and writer Jill Abramovitz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of winners of the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director introduced in 1955 to honour directors of plays and directors of musicals. From 1968, multiple awards were presented for each season. In 1975 the category was retired and divided into Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Play and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical, with each discipline receiving its own.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance", "paragraph_text": "The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre among Broadway, Off Broadway and Off-Off Broadway productions. The category was first presented at the 1984 ceremony, when it was known as the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show. The award has been known by its current name since 1999.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gerard Alessandrini", "paragraph_text": "Gerard Alessandrini (born November 27, 1953) is an American playwright, parodist, actor and theatre director best known for creating the award-winning off-Broadway musical theatre parody revue \"Forbidden Broadway\". He is the recipient of Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, an Obie Award, four Drama Desk Awards (including the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics and the Drama Desk Special Award), an Outer Critics Circle Award, and two Lucille Lortel Awards, as well as the Drama League Award for Lifetime Achievement in Musical Theatre.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Laura Osnes", "paragraph_text": "Laura Ann Osnes (born November 19, 1985) is an American actress and singer known for her work on the Broadway stage. She has played starring roles in \"Grease\" as Sandy, \"South Pacific\" as Nellie Forbush, \"Anything Goes\" as Hope Harcourt, and \"Bonnie and Clyde\" as Bonnie Parker, for which she received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical. She also starred in the title role of Rodgers & Hammerstein's \"Cinderella\" on Broadway, for which she received a Drama Desk Award and her second Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nick Cordero", "paragraph_text": "Nick Cordero is a Canadian actor. He appeared on Broadway in 2014 in the musical \"Bullets Over Broadway\" in the role of Cheech, for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical. He won the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical and a Theater World Award for the role. He originated the title role in the Off-Broadway production of \"The Toxic Avenger\". He also played the role of Dennis in \"Rock of Ages\" on Broadway in 2012 and on tour. In March 2016, he joined the Broadway production of \"Waitress\", playing the role of Earl. He left \"Waitress\" to join the Broadway premier of the musical \"A Bronx Tale\", as \"Sonny\" at the Longacre Theatre starting on November 3, 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Kenneth Posner", "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Posner is an American theatrical lighting designer, working on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and in American regional theatre. His most notable designs include the musicals \"Wicked\" and \"Hairspray\", two highly regarded musicals of the early 21st century. He has been nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design 10 times, including nods for \"Merchant of Venice\" (2011), \"The Coast of Utopia\" (2007), \"Dirty Rotten Scoundrels\" (2005), \"Wicked\" (2004), \"Hairspray\" (2003), and \"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\" (2001). He has also been nominated 10 times for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design, and won both the Tony and Drama Desk award in 2007 for \"The Coast of Utopia\". He also has received an Obie Award for Sustained Excellence in Lighting. He also designed the lights for \"Little Women\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "9 to 5 (musical)", "paragraph_text": "9 to 5: The Musical is a musical based on the 1980 movie of the same name, with music and lyrics by Dolly Parton. It features a book by Patricia Resnick, based on the screenplay by Resnick and Colin Higgins. The musical premiered in Los Angeles in September 2008, and opened on Broadway in April 2009. It received 15 Drama Desk Award nominations, the most received by a production in a single year, as well as four Tony Awards nominations. The Broadway production however was short-lived, closing in September 2009. A national tour of the US launched in 2010, followed by a UK premiere in 2012 and returns to the UK in 2017 in a new production at The Gatehouse in London with a West End cast, as part of a fringe festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Grease: The New Broadway Cast Recording", "paragraph_text": "Grease: The New Broadway Cast Recording is the cast album for the 2007 Broadway production of the hit musical, \"Grease\". The show, directed by Tony Award-winner Kathleen Marshall, played at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre in New York City. This recording features performances from the cast of \"Grease\" including Jenny Powers, Matthew Saldivar, and \"\" winners, Laura Osnes and Max Crumm as Sandy Dumbrowski and Danny Zuko, respectively.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Open Admissions", "paragraph_text": "Open Admissions is a play in two acts by Shirley Lauro that premiered in 1982 at the Long Wharf Theatre under the direction of Arvin Brown. The play had its Broadway debut on January 29, 1984 at the Music Box Theatre where it ran for a total of 17 performances. The Broadway production starred Calvin Levels as Calvin Jefferson, Marilyn Rockafellow as Ginny Carlsen, Nan-Lynn Nelson as Salina Jones, Pam Potillo as Georgia Jones, and Sloane Shelton as Professor Clare Block. The play depicts the travails of a professor at a second-rate college, including an unsupportive husband. Levels won a Theatre World Award and was nominated for both a Tony Award and Drama Desk Award for his performance. Rockafellow also received a Drama Desk Award nomination. On Broadway, \"Open Admissions\" received a Theatre World Award, The Dramatists Guild Hull-Warriner Award.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8481945542997175ce1ed3", "question_text": "Are Steve Perry and Leslie West both singers?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Climbing!", "paragraph_text": "Climbing! , also known as Mountain Climbing! , is the official debut studio album by American blues rock band Mountain. Released on March 7, 1970, the album featured the 'classic' Mountain lineup of Leslie West (guitar, vocals), Felix Pappalardi (bass, vocals, piano), Corky Laing (drums, percussion) and Steve Knight (keyboards) and followed the West solo album \"Mountain\" featuring Pappalardi and drummer Norman Smart, released in 1969 and often credited to the band. Produced by Pappalardi, the album reached number 17 on the American \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart and featured the band's best-known song, \"Mississippi Queen\". An early rendition of \"For Yasgur's Farm\" was actually performed at the Woodstock Festival in August 1969 as Who Am I But You And The Sun. It was subsequently recorded and retitled for the album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "S. D. Perry", "paragraph_text": "Stephani Danelle Perry (credited as S. D. Perry in her works) is an American novelist. She is the daughter of writer Steve Perry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "For the Love of Strange Medicine", "paragraph_text": "For the Love of Strange Medicine is the second studio album by Steve Perry, released on July 19, 1994 through Columbia Records. After a lengthy 8-year hiatus following the breakup of Journey, Perry returned to the spotlight with this album. The first single \"You Better Wait\" received major radio airplay and reached the top 10 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart in the U.S. The album was followed by a tour in 1994-1995. \"For the Love of Strange Medicine\" was certified as gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of 500,000 units in the United States, as of September 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Leslie West Live!", "paragraph_text": "Leslie West Live! is a live album by Leslie West, released in 1993.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Arrival (Journey album)", "paragraph_text": "Arrival is the eleventh studio album by the American rock band Journey, released in the United States in 2001. A version with one substituted song was released in Japan in 2000. The album was the band's first full-length studio album with new lead vocalist Steve Augeri, who replaced popular frontman Steve Perry, and with Deen Castronovo, who replaced Steve Smith as the band's drummer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Leslie West Band", "paragraph_text": "The Leslie West Band is the third album released by American rock guitarist Leslie West. The album, recorded at Electric Lady Studios in New York City, was released on Bud Prager's Phantom Records in 1976 and features Mick Jones of Foreigner on guitar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Leslie West", "paragraph_text": "Leslie West (born Leslie Weinstein; October 22, 1945) is an American rock guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. He is best known as a founding member of the hard rock band Mountain.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tyler Morris", "paragraph_text": "Tyler Drew Morris is an American professional guitar player who was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Morris has performed with Yngwie Malmsteen, Steve Vai, Gary Hoey, Joe Stump, Sammy Hagar, Leslie West, Rudy Sarzo, Vince Neil, Joe Vitale, Johnny Winter, James Montgomery, David Hull, Phil Collen, Fred Coury, Robert Marcello, Kip Winger, AJ Pappas, Jimi Bell, Gary King, George Lynch, Bruce Kulick, Jason Becker, Vernon Reid, Jeff \"Skunk\" Baxter, Ronnie Montrose and others. Morris does demonstrations for Fishman Electronics, Dean Guitars, and REVV Amplification among other companies at the annual summer and winter NAMM shows. At the age of 15, Morris wrote his first studio album, \"And So It Begins\". This album was later featured in \"Guitar Player Magazine\", \"Vintage Guitar Magazine\", \"Heavy Riff Magazine\", Korea Guitar, and other worldwide media outlets. He has performed at venues including Mechanic's Hall, The Larcom Theater, Tupelo Music Hall, The House of Blues in Los Angeles, B. B. King's Blues Club in New York City and in West Palm Beach, The Miami Beach Bandshell, The Regent Theater, The Cutting Room, The Hard Rock Cafe and many other venues all across the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Step Back (album)", "paragraph_text": "Step Back is an album by blues guitarist and singer Johnny Winter. It features performances by a number of guest musicians, including Eric Clapton, Dr. John, Billy Gibbons from ZZ Top, Joe Perry from Aerosmith, Leslie West from Mountain, and Brian Setzer from the Stray Cats. It was released by Megaforce Records on September 2, 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Steve Perry (Oregon musician)", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Henry Perry (born October 8, 1963) is an American musician, best known as lead singer, songwriter and rhythm guitarist for the Oregon ska-swing band the Cherry Poppin' Daddies.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a752fb75542993748c897df", "question_text": "What pop band features an Argentine actress that appeared in the television series \"Chiquititas\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Erreway"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sweet Baby (Erreway song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Sweet Baby\" is the debut single by Argentine pop band Erreway from their debut album \"Se\u00f1ales\". It was released through Sony Music in 2002 (see 2002 in music). The single, which features all four members \u2014 Felipe Colombo, Benjam\u00edn Rojas, Camila Bordonaba and Luisana Lopilato \u2014 was written by recognized Argentine director, producer and composer Cris Morena.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Romina Yan", "paragraph_text": "Romina Yankelevich (5 September 1974 \u2013 28 September 2010), better known as Romina Yan, was an Argentine actress, screenwriter, singer and dancer. She made her television debut in the program \"Jugate Conmigo\", and is most known for her portrayal of Bel\u00e9n Fraga in the internationally successful series \"Chiquititas\" (as well as on stage, in its annual musical presentations) created by her mother Cris Morena. She died in 2010, aged 36, after suffering a heart attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mili Uri\u00e9n", "paragraph_text": "Milagros Uri\u00e9n, simply known as Mili, is a fictional character and the young protagonist of the Argentine telenovela \"Chiquititas\", also known as \"Tiny Angels\". The character was portrayed by actress Agustina Cherri from 1995 to 1997 on television and on stage. In 1998, Cherri won a Mart\u00edn Fierro Award of Best Child Performance for her portrayal of the character In 2001, Cherri made a special return as Mili for the show's seventh and final season. Mili was portrayed by actress Fernanda Souza in the successful Brazilian adaptation of the story, \"Chiquititas Brasil\", where the character is named Milena Pereira. Ixchel del Paso portrayed Mili in the short-lived Mexican version. Mili is portrayed by Giovanna Grigio in the 2013 Brazilian series \"Chiquititas\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rinc\u00f3n de Luz (orphanage)", "paragraph_text": "Rinc\u00f3n de Luz is a fictional orphanage and the primary setting for the first four, and the last two seasons of the Argentine television series \"Chiquititas\". The exceptions are \"Chiquititas Season Five\", where the story takes place in a granary, and \"Chiquititas Sin Fin\", in which the children have a different home.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nadia Di Cello", "paragraph_text": "Nadia Mariel Di Cello (] ; born January 20, 1989) is an Argentine actress. She is perhaps the best known of her role in television series \"Chiquititas\", \"Rebelde Way\" and \"Rinc\u00f3n de Luz\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Luisana Lopilato", "paragraph_text": "Luisana Lopilato ] (born May 18, 1987) is an Argentine actress and model. She has appeared in the television series \"Chiquititas\", \"Rebelde Way\", \"Alma Pirata\", \"Casados con Hijos\" and \"Atracci\u00f3n x4\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Celeste Cid", "paragraph_text": "Mar\u00eda Celeste Cid (] ; born 19 January 1984) is an Argentine actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles in television series \"Chiquititas\", \"Verano del '98\" and \"Resistir\u00e9\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Camila Bordonaba", "paragraph_text": "Camila Bordonaba Rold\u00e1n (] ; born September 4, 1984 in El Palomar, Buenos Aires, Argentina) (nicknamed Cami or Cato) is an Argentine actress, singer-songwriter, dancer, musician, Theatre director and former occasional model. She is best known for her roles in \"Chiquititas\", \"Rebelde Way\", \"Son de Fierro\" and \"Atracci\u00f3n x4\" and as a member of Argentine band Erreway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Marcela Kloosterboer", "paragraph_text": "Marcela Kloosterboer (born 5 July 1983) is an Argentine actress and occasional singer. She won Mart\u00edn Fierro Award for Best New Actress in 1998 for \"Verano del '98\" and earned Argentine Film Critics Association Award for Best New Actress in 2004 for \"Roma\". Kloosterboer is also known for her roles in television series \"Chiquititas\", \"Son Amores\" and \"Lalola\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Milagros Flores", "paragraph_text": "Mar\u00eda de los Milagros Flores (born 26 April 1990), professionally known as Milagros Flores, is an Argentine actress and singer. She is perhaps the best known for her roles of Juanita Maza in \"Chiquititas\" franchise by Cris Morena \u2014 television series (1999\u201301), play (2001) and film \"\" (2001) \u2014 and B\u00e1rbara Caride in television series \"Rinc\u00f3n de Luz\" (2003).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab9405c554299743d22ea7c", "question_text": "In what city did the 1959 William & Mary Indians football team lose against the #13 Naval Academy?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Annapolis, Maryland", "Annapolis"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "1953 William & Mary Indians football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1953 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1953 college football season. The team is considered, within the school's community, to be one of the most remarkable stories in its athletics history. Due to an academic cheating scandal (coincidentally unrelated to the 1951 scandal), eight of the team's starting members were dismissed from school and another portion of the remaining 33 players transferred out. Among the 24 remaining players, five were returning Korean War veterans and one other had never played a minute of football in his life. Many of them were undersized (the quarterback stood 5'8\" and weighed 160 pounds) and even the coaching staff was few in numbers (five total, one of them being the head basketball coach).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "1948 William & Mary Indians football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1948 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1948 college football season. The William & Mary Indians finished the regular season ranked #17 in the AP Poll after their 9\u20130 win over Arkansas. Also notably, Indians tied #3\u00a0North Carolina 7\u20137 in Chapel Hill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "1970 William & Mary Indians football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1970 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1970 college football season. When William & Mary played the 20th-ranked West Virginia Mountaineers on September 12, it marked the first game as future college football legend Bobby Bowden's career as the Mountaineers' head coach. Bowden coached West Virginia from 1970\u20131975, going 3\u20130 against the Indians (Tribe) in the process.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1959 William & Mary Indians football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1959 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1959 college football season. The September 26th contest against the #13 Naval Academy marked the inaugural game in the brand new Navy\u2013Marine Corps Memorial Stadium, which replaced Thompson Stadium as the location for all of Navy's future home games. William & Mary would go on to lose the game, 2\u201329.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "1947 William & Mary Indians football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1947 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1947 college football season. The William & Mary Indians finished the regular season ranked #14 in the AP Poll after their 35\u20130 win over Richmond.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Navy\u2013Marine Corps Memorial Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Navy\u2013Marine Corps Memorial Stadium is an open-air stadium located on the campus of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. Opened in 1959, it serves as the home stadium of the Navy Midshipmen college football and lacrosse, and the professional Chesapeake Bayhawks of Major League Lacrosse. The stadium is also the host of the Military Bowl.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1957 William & Mary Indians football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1957 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1957 college football season. On November 9,\u00a01957, William & Mary traveled to Raleigh, North Carolina to play #10\u00a0ranked NC State in Riddick Stadium. The Indians\u00a0(2\u20135\u20130) stunned the Wolfpack\u00a0(5\u20130\u20132) with a\u00a07\u20136\u00a0win. The loss dropped NC State nine spots in the following AP Poll to #19. It marked the first time that William & Mary had ever defeated a national top\u00a010\u00a0opponent", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1965 William & Mary Indians football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1965 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1965 college football season. The October 2nd game versus the Virginia Tech Hokies signified the christening of VT's Lane Stadium. It was the first-ever varsity football game played in the new stadium. The Indians lost, however, 9\u20137.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1949 William & Mary Indians football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1949 William & Mary Indians football team represented the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia during the 1949 college football season. The 1940s was the most successful decade in William & Mary football history. The Indians amassed more wins than any other decade (and this includes a non-existent 1943 season due to World War II), had the largest positive-point differential, won two conference championships and qualified for back-to-back bowl games in 1947 and 1948. There were 24 National Football League (NFL) Draft selections, which is the most all-time for William & Mary in a single decade. Additionally, the 1940s was the only decade in which William & Mary was an Associated Press nationally ranked team as a member of Division I-A.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "1935 William & Mary Indians football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1935 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1935 college football season. The opener against the Virginia Cavaliers was the first-ever game played at William & Mary's brand new Cary Field. The game ended in a 0\u20130 tie.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab93781554299131ca422c7", "question_text": "Which star in the Maltese Bippy died in 1987?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Dan Rowan"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Maltese Bippy", "paragraph_text": "The Maltese Bippy is a 1969 film directed by Norman Panama and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It stars Dan Rowan and Dick Martin.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "John Dalli", "paragraph_text": "John Dalli (born 5 October 1948) is a former Maltese politician who served as Cabinet Minister in various Maltese governments between 1987 and 2010. He was European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy between 2010 and 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jarrod Sammut", "paragraph_text": "Jarrod Sammut (born 15 February 1987) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who currently plays for the London Broncos in the Championship. He previously played for the Penrith Panthers in the National Rugby League, Crusaders RL, the Bradford Bulls, the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the Super League, and Workington Town in League 1. Sammut is a dual-code international for Malta, having represented both the Maltese rugby league team and the Maltese rugby union team. He primarily plays at halfback or fullback.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Emvin Cremona", "paragraph_text": "Emvin Cremona (27 May 1919 \u2013 29 January 1987) was a Maltese artist and stamp designer. He is regarded as one of the best Maltese artists of the 20th century. Cremona is known for designing most Maltese stamps from 1957 to the 1970s, including the stamp issue commemorating Malta's independence from Great Britain in 1964. He studied at the Malta School of Arts and the Regia Accademia delle Belle Arti in Rome. Some of his works can be found at the parish churches of Msida and \u0126amrun, Ta' Pinu Sanctuary and the Chapel of the Malta International Airport. The World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva and the United Nations Headquarters in New York also house paintings by Cremona.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Eddie Fenech Adami", "paragraph_text": "Edoardo \u201cEddie\u201d Fenech Adami, , (born 7 February 1934) is a Maltese politician and Nationalist politician who served as Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996, and again from 1998 until 2004. Subsequently, he was the seventh President of Malta from 2004 to 2009. He led his party to win five general elections, in 1981, 1987, 1992, 1998 and 2003. Staunchly pro-European, Fenech Adami is the longest serving Maltese prime minister since Malta's independence, and was fundamental for Malta's accession to the European Union.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sebastian Calleja", "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Calleja (born 3 July 1998) is a Maltese singer. He started his singing career at the age of 11. He studied voice and in March 2016 he placed 1st in the Trinity College of London vocal exam. His vocal coach is Glen Vella. Calleja is a resident singer on 'Hadd Ghalik' which is aired on the national Maltese television channel TVM. He also played main roles in various musicals on the local stage, including 'Aida', 'Rumpilstilskin', 'Barnuza Blu', 'Katrin tal-Imdina', 'The Pantomime Sossy u Tezor Mitluf', 'Carmen', 'Dracula' and 'Star Child'. In 2016, he also was chosen (together with other 5 local singers) to be part of the song and music video for the Maltese version of the World Youth Day Song 2016 - 'Henjin li jhennu'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mosta F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Mosta Football Club is a Maltese football club from the town of Mosta. The team played four seasons in Malta's highest league 1974\u201375, 1987\u201388, 2002\u201303 and 2005\u201306. They achieved promotion to the Maltese Premier League again in 2010\u201311.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Festival Kanzunetta Indipendenza", "paragraph_text": "Konkors Kanzunetta Indipendenza (\"Independence Song Contest\") is Maltese festival held on a day near September 21 (Malta's independence day). All songs are interpreted in the Maltese language and is one of the most anticipated events on the Maltese musical calendar. The event first took place back in 1983 in a span of four years until 1987 before returning just 10 years later in 1997 going on to take place each and every year since then. Several local stars like to submit their entries into such a prestigious musical event due to the fact that the songs are written in Maltese. In recent years there were a number of winners who went on to be successful both locally and abroad. Below you could find the list of the past winners", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "John Matthew Rispoli", "paragraph_text": "John Matthew Rispoli (17 August 1582 \u2013 6 April 1639) was a major Maltese philosopher of great erudition. He was held in high esteem by the Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller Order, the Bishops of Malta, the Viceroys of Sicily, cardinals, bishops, inquisitors, and the common people. Perhaps the most eminent Maltese philosopher of the Middle Ages, the various extant writings of his are witness to his philosophical aptitude and dexterity as to his high calibre as a philosopher. These qualities were highly appreciated during his lifetime, in Malta as in France and Italy. He lived a busy life, both as an intellectual and as an administrator. He was professor of philosopher at various institutions of high education, an able preacher, and an official at various posts within the Dominican Order, of which his was a member. He was an avid aficionado of music, and was talented with playing musical instruments. Though the fame of holiness accompanied him in his life, this did not deter the Inquisition from suspecting him of heresy, and keeping him in its dungeons for fourteen months. When he died, he was given an almost state funeral.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dan Rowan", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Hale \"Dan\" Rowan (July 22, 1922 \u2013 September 22, 1987) was an American comedian. He was featured in the television show \"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\", where he played straight man to Dick Martin, and won the 1969 Emmy for Outstanding Variety or Musical Series.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a81db0b5542990a1d231ee2", "question_text": "The 2005 film Remedy featured Frank Vincent from The Sopranos and several mob movies by which acclaimed director?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Martin Scorsese"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tapas Relia", "paragraph_text": "Tapas Relia (Gujarati: \u0aa4\u0aaa\u0ab8 \u0ab0\u0ac7\u0ab2\u0abf\u0aaf\u0abe ; born August 11, 1978) is an Indian music composer and producer, known for his famous advertising campaigns for brands like Close-Up (toothpaste), Domino's Pizza, Amaron Batteries, IPL and Mahabharat (2013 TV series). In Mumbai since 1996, he has also scored music for Bollywood films, including India\u2019s first major commercial animation film \u2018Hanuman (2005 film)\u2019 and the recently released film \u2018Lakshmi (2014 film)\u2019, a film on child trafficking by acclaimed director Nagesh Kukunoor. Based in Mumbai, he works and operates from his own recording studio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "RVK Studios", "paragraph_text": "RVK Studios is an Icelandic film production company. It superseded Blueeyes Productions by making all future productions from now on. The company\u2019s director and chairman of the board is Baltasar Korm\u00e1kur who is a highly acclaimed director, writer and producer on an international scale. RVK Studios mainly creates Icelandic drama movies and TV shows for an international audience.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Remedy (film)", "paragraph_text": "Remedy is an 2005 American crime drama directed by Christian Maelen and written by Sandy Eiges, Nicholas Reiner, and Charlotte Wise. The film stars Maelen, Arthur Nascarella, Jon Doscher, Frank Vincent, Vincent Pastore, and Chuck Zito.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Cleaver (The Sopranos)", "paragraph_text": "Cleaver is a metafictional film within a TV-series that serves as an important plot element toward the end of the HBO television drama series \"The Sopranos\". Although very little film material is actually shown in the series, its planning and development are discussed at large throughout multiple seasons of the show. The extent to which Sopranos character Christopher Moltisanti mixes confidential and personal information about the Soprano mob family into the story elements of Cleaver is the focal point throughout its development. After the project eventually materializes, Cleaver can be categorized as a direct-to-DVD mafia-slasher film, described alternately as \"\"Saw\" meets \"the Godfather II\"\", \"\"the Ring\" meets \"The Godfather\"\", and \"a story about a young man who goes to pieces and then manages to pull himself together again\". Several characters are credited for their involvement in the project. The screenplay was written by J. T. Dolan based on a story by Christopher Moltisanti, directed by Morgan Yam and produced by Carmine Lupertazzi, Jr. and Moltisanti. The film starred Jonathan LaPaglia as Michael \"the Cleaver\" and Daniel Baldwin as mob boss Salvatore (\"Sally Boy\"). Also starring as Sally-boy's key advisors are George Pogatsia as Frankie and Lenny Ligotti as Nicky. Moltisanti and Lupertazzi initially attempts to recruit Ben Kingsley to fill the role of the mafia don in \"Luxury Lounge (6x07),\" but Kingsley eventually turns down the part.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mob Attraction Las Vegas", "paragraph_text": "Las Vegas Mob Experience was located at the Tropicana on the Las Vegas Strip. The Las Vegas Mob Experience was a 27000 sqft interactive tour that chronicled the rise and fall of the Mafia in the Las Vegas Valley, mixing entertainment with history, storytelling, artifacts and technology. Visitors take a journeyed through the world of organized crime, interacting with live character actors and 3D holograms of famous mob movie icons and celebrity gangsters such as James Caan, Frank Vincent, Tony Sirico and Mickey Rourke.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Viestur Kairish", "paragraph_text": "Viestur Kairish (Latvian: Viesturs Kairi\u0161s) (born January 30, 1971) is a Latvian opera, movie and theatre director. He has made a successful career in Latvia and Germany as an acclaimed director of operas. The movies and plays of Kairish have toured in many European festivals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tatsumi Kumashiro", "paragraph_text": "Tatsumi Kumashiro (\u795e\u4ee3 \u8fb0\u5df3 , \"Kumashiro Tatsumi\" ) was a Japanese film director known for his critically acclaimed, award-winning \"Roman Porno\" films, such as \"Ichijo's Wet Lust\" (1972) and \"The Woman with Red Hair\" (1979). He was the most highly acclaimed director of the early Nikkatsu Roman Porno era, with many box-office successes, and films regularly appearing on the yearly Best Ten lists of the mainstream \"Kinema Junpo\" and \"Eiga Geijutsu\" film journals. Kumashiro has been called, \"the most consistently successful director in Japan's cinematic history,\" and Allmovie calls him, \"arguably the most important Japanese director to emerge during the 1970s.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Frank Vincent", "paragraph_text": "Frank Vincent Gattuso Jr. (April 15, 1937 \u2013 September 13, 2017), known professionally as Frank Vincent, was an American actor. He played prominent roles in the HBO series \"The Sopranos\" and in several films for director Martin Scorsese: \"Raging Bull\" (1980), \"Goodfellas\" (1990), and \"Casino\" (1995).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Carl Gustav, gjengen og parkeringsbandittene", "paragraph_text": "Carl Gustav, gjengen og parkeringsbandittene (\"Carl Gustav, the Gang and the Parking Bandits\") is a Norwegian children's mystery film from 1982. It is about 12-year-old Carl Gustav and his friends, who one day discover a playground has been converted to a parking lot. Several other playgrounds in suburban Bergen disappear. The film was directed by Ola Solum and featured Frank Arne Johansen in the lead role. The film was produced by Norsk Film and given a seven-year rating.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pakshe", "paragraph_text": "Pakshe (Malayalam: \u0d2a\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d47 ; English: But ) is a 1994 Malayalam romantic drama film written by Cheriyan Kalpakavadi and directed by Mohan. It stars Mohanlal and Shobhana in the lead roles. Though a usually repeated story in Malayalam films, the director is successful in saying the story in the most heart-touchable way. The film was critically acclaimed and was a box-office success. Mohan is a critically acclaimed director in Malayalam film and has directed many classic movies such as \"Isabella\", \"Edavela\", \"Angane Oru Avadhikkalathu\" etc.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a88940055429938390d3f7b", "question_text": "What is the city in which Bauerfield International Ariport is based out of?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Port Vila"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bauerfield International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Bauerfield International Airport (IATA: VLI,\u00a0ICAO: NVVV) is an airport located in Port Vila, Vanuatu. The airport is relatively small in size, but its runway has the capability and length to accept jets up to the Airbus A330. It serves as the hub for Vanuatu's flag carrier airline, Air Vanuatu.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Champion Air", "paragraph_text": "Champion Air was an airline based in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA. It operated general charter services to sports teams, vacation wholesalers and government agencies. It also offered limited scheduled service. Its main base was Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, with hubs at Denver International Airport, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas, Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, and Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City. The airline ceased all operations on May 31, 2008. Until its shutdown, the airline was a prime contractor for the Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "International Islamic Relief Organization", "paragraph_text": "The International Islamic Relief Organization (IIRO; Arabic: \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u200e \u200e ), also known as the International Islamic Relief Organization of Saudi Arabia (IIROSA), is a charity based in Saudi Arabia founded by the Muslim World League in 1978. It is a full member of The Conference of NGOs, where it serves on the board. The IIRO is included in a list of some of the UNHCR's major NGO partners and has been involved in many joint programmes with UN Agencies and intergovernmental (such as the World Health Organization) and non-governmental organisations. It has enjoyed consultative status on the United Nations Economic and Social Council since 1995. It was the first Islamic NGO to gain observer status with the International Organisation for Migration (IOM). It is also a member of the International Humanitarian City based in Dubai, UAE.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Indochina Airlines", "paragraph_text": "Indochina Airlines (Vietnamese: \"H\u00e3ng H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\" ) was a Vietnamese airline based in Ho Chi Minh City. It was the first operational private airline based in Vietnam, originally licensed in May 2008 as Air Speed Up (Vietnamese: \"H\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng T\u0103ng T\u1ed1c\" ). The founder and chairman of the board was Vietnamese musician H\u00e0 H\u00f9ng D\u0169ng. Indochina Airlines began selling tickets on 12 November 2008 and launched its first commercial flight from T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City to N\u1ed9i B\u00e0i International Airport in Hanoi and \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng International Airport in \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng on 25 November 2008. After a series of difficulties, including unresolved debts and a drop in customers, Indochina Airlines ceased flying on November 25, 2009; its schedule was revoked two days later.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Cebu Pacific", "paragraph_text": "Cebu Air, Inc., operating as Cebu Pacific (), is a Philippine low-cost airline based on the grounds of Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA Terminal 3), Pasay City, Metro Manila, in the Philippines. It offers scheduled flights to both domestic and international destinations. Its main base is Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila, with other hubs at Mactan-Cebu International Airport, Clark International Airport, Kalibo International Airport Francisco Bangoy International Airport, and Iloilo International Airport.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Air Vanuatu", "paragraph_text": "Air Vanuatu is an airline with its head office in the Air Vanuatu House, Port Vila, Vanuatu. It is Vanuatu's national flag carrier, operating to Australia, New Zealand and points in the South Pacific. Its main base is Bauerfield International Airport, Port Vila.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lenelle Mo\u00efse", "paragraph_text": "Lenelle Mo\u00efse (born 1980) is a poet, actress and playwright born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Currently based in the United States, she performs at colleges throughout the country, presenting work about race, gender, class, immigration and sexuality. Her spoken word CD \"Madivinez\" won the 2007 Patchwork Majority Radio Album Award for Best Solo Album. Mo\u00efse was a member of the permanent ensemble cast in the Culture Project's premiere production of \"Rebel Voices\", a play by Rob Urbinati based on Howard Zinn and Anthony Arnove's book \"Voices of a People's History of the United States.\" In 2008, she developed a two-person vocal musical about art, infamy and race called \"EXPATRIATE\", also at the Culture Project, in which she co-starred with Karla Cheatham-Mosley. When she was a junior at Ithaca College, Lenelle co-wrote \"Sexual Dependency\", a feature film by Bolivian filmmaker Rodrigo Bellot who was a schoolmate at the time. The film went on to win the International Film Critics' Award at the Locarno International Film Festival in Switzerland. Mo\u00efse also wrote and starred in Mara Alper's short experimental video \"To Erzulie\" which premiered at the Berlin Sommerfest der Literaturen in July 2002. She has completed her own experimental shorts \"Blue Passersby Eyes\" and \"Atlantic Soul.\" Her homemade music video \"Pied Piper\" was an official selection of the International Museum of Women 2007 Online Film Festival. Her essays and poems are published in a number of anthologies, most recently \"Word Warriors: 35 Women Leaders of the Spoken Word Revolution\" (Seal Press). Her debut book \"Haiti Glass\" (City Lights Publishers, April 2014), part of the Sister Spit series, is a collection of verse and prose. She experiments with collage as a form of meditative practice and nonlinear storytelling.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "L\u00edneas A\u00e9reas Azteca", "paragraph_text": "L\u00edneas A\u00e9reas Azteca ] was an airline based in Mexico City, Mexico. It operated domestic scheduled services and international services to the USA. Its main base was Mexico City International Airport, with a hub at General Abelardo L. Rodr\u00edguez International Airport, Tijuana.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Aeromar", "paragraph_text": "Transportes Aeromar, S.A. de C.V, doing business as Aeromar, is an airline based in Hangar 7 of Zone D of the General Aviation Terminal at Mexico City International Airport in Venustiano Carranza, Mexico City, Mexico. Aeromar operates scheduled domestic services in Mexico and international services to the United States. Its main base is Mexico City International Airport.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Western Airlines", "paragraph_text": "Western Airlines (IATA: WA,\u00a0ICAO: WAL,\u00a0Call sign: Western) was a large airline based in California, with operations throughout the western United States including Alaska and Hawaii, and western Canada, as well as to New York City, Boston, Washington D.C. and Miami on the U.S. east coast and also into Mexico. The airline also served other international destinations such as London, England and Nassau, Bahamas during its existence. Western had hubs at Los Angeles International Airport, Salt Lake City International Airport, and the former Stapleton International Airport in Denver. Before it merged with Delta Air Lines in 1987 it was headquartered at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The company's slogan for many years was \"\"Western Airlines...The Only Way To Fly!\"\"", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae479745542996836b02cb1", "question_text": "What is the name of the movie that stars Katrina Bowden and was directed by Sean Anders?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Sex Drive"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hard Ball", "paragraph_text": "\"Hard Ball\" (also known as \"Negotiation\") is the fifteenth episode of NBC's first season of \"30 Rock\". It was written by one of the season's co-producers, Matt Hubbard, and directed by one of the season's supervising producers, Don Scardino. It aired on February 22, 2007 in the United States. Guest stars who appeared in the episode were David Alan Basche, Gregg Bello, Katrina Bowden, Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, Rachel Dratch, Keith Powell, Lonny Ross and Gregory Wooddell. Tucker Carlson and Chris Matthews also appear as themselves in the episode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Piranha 3DD", "paragraph_text": "Piranha 3DD is a 2012 American 3D comedy horror film. A sequel to the 2010 film \"Piranha 3D\", it is directed by John Gulager from a screenplay by Marcus Dunstan and Patrick Melton. It stars Danielle Panabaker, Matt Bush, David Koechner, Chris Zylka, Katrina Bowden, Gary Busey, Christopher Lloyd, and David Hasselhoff. Production began on April 27, 2011 with a release scheduled for November 23, 2011, but a month prior to release, the date was revised, and the film was eventually released in the UK on May 11, 2012 and the U.S. on June 1, 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Shortcut", "paragraph_text": "The Shortcut is a 2009 American horror film directed by Nicholaus Goossen. The film stars Andrew Seeley, Shannon Woodward, Dave Franco and Katrina Bowden. Adam Sandler's production company, Happy Madison Productions (under the name Scary Madison Productions) made it and Sandler served as an executive producer. The film was released direct-to-DVD on September 29, 2009 in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Baby Show", "paragraph_text": "\"The Baby Show\" is the ninth episode of the first season of the American television comedy series \"30 Rock\". It was written by co-executive producer Jack Burditt and directed by Michael Engler. The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in the United States on January 4, 2007. Guest stars in this episode include Katrina Bowden, Rachel Dratch, John Lutz, Bridget Moloney, Maulik Pancholy, Chris Parnell, Keith Powell, and Lonny Ross.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Hold Your Breath (film)", "paragraph_text": "Hold Your Breath (stylized as #HoldYourBreath) is a 2012 American supernatural horror film directed by Jared Cohn and it stars Katrina Bowden from \"30 Rock\" and Randy Wayne. The film was released October 5, 2012, in United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sex Drive (film)", "paragraph_text": "Sex Drive is a 2008 sex comedy film about a high school graduate who goes on a road trip to have sex with a girl he met online. It is based on the young adult novel \"All the Way\" by American author Andy Behrens. The film was directed by Sean Anders, and stars Josh Zuckerman, Amanda Crew, Clark Duke, Seth Green, and James Marsden, while Katrina Bowden, Alice Greczyn, Michael Cudlitz, Dave Sheridan, and David Koechner appear in supporting roles. It was released in North America on October 17, 2008, and in the United Kingdom on January 9, 2009.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hard Sell (film)", "paragraph_text": "Hard Sell is an American comedy-drama written and directed by Sean Nalaboff in his directorial debut. The film stars Katrina Bowden, Skyler Gisondo, and Kristin Chenoweth, with Hannah Marks and Kevin Kilner in supporting roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hiatus (30 Rock)", "paragraph_text": "\"Hiatus\" is the twenty-first and season finale episode of NBC's first season of \"30 Rock\". It was written by series creator and executive producer Tina Fey, and was directed by Don Scardino. It first aired on April 26, 2007 in the United States. Guest stars in the episode included Katrina Bowden, Kevin Brown, Owen Burke, Grizz Chapman, Matt Dickinson, Rachel Dratch, Brittany Felton, Hannah Flynn, Sean Hayes, Emily Mortimer, Chris Parnell, Portia, Lonny Ross, Justin Smith, Elaine Stritch, Jason Sudeikis and Nikki E. Walker. Lester Holt appeared as himself in this episode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Katrina Bowden", "paragraph_text": "Katrina Bowden (born September 19, 1988) is an American actress best known for playing Cerie on the NBC sitcom \"30 Rock\" (2006\u20132013). She also appeared in films such as \"Sex Drive\", \"Piranha 3DD\", and \"Scary Movie 5\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Fighting Irish", "paragraph_text": "\"The Fighting Irish\" is the seventeenth episode of NBC's first season of \"30 Rock\". It was written by one of the season's co-executive producers, Jack Burditt and it was directed by Dennie Gordon. It aired on March 8, 2007 in the United States. Guest stars who appeared in this episode were Dan Bakkedahl, Katrina Bowden, Henry Boyle, Anna Chlumsky, Siobhan Fallon Hogan, Chris Hoch, Alice Kremelberg, Nathan Lane, Boris McGiver, John F Mooney, Brian Murray, Maulik Pancholy, Lonny Ross, Molly Shannon, Jason Sudeikis and Kristen Sudeikis.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abe48675542991f66106119", "question_text": "A man who played in the 1986 FIFA world cup played for what team during the 1982 Scottish League Cup Final?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Celtic"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gerry Mays", "paragraph_text": "Gerry Mays (18 July 1921 \u2013 2006) was a Scottish football player and manager. He played for Hibernian, St Johnstone, Dunfermline Athletic and Kilmarnock, and then managed Ayr United. Mays appeared for Kilmarnock in the 1957 Scottish Cup Final and 1952 Scottish League Cup Final, and for Dunfermline in the 1949\u201350 Scottish League Cup Final.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Charlie Nicholas", "paragraph_text": "Charles \"Charlie\" Nicholas (born 30 December 1961 in Cowcaddens, Glasgow, Scotland) is a former professional footballer from Scotland who played as a forward. His playing career is best known for his spells at Celtic and Arsenal. He was also capped by Scottish national team, and played for them at the 1986 FIFA World Cup.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "1982 Scottish League Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1982 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 4 December 1982, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 37th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by the Old Firm rivals, Celtic and Rangers. Celtic won the match 2\u20131 thanks to goals by Charlie Nicholas and Murdo MacLeod. Rangers goal was scored by Jim Bett.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1985 Scottish League Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1985 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 27 October 1985, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 40th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Aberdeen and Hibernian. Aberdeen won the match 3\u20130 thanks to goals by Eric Black (2) and Billy Stark, giving Alex Ferguson his only Scottish League Cup trophy win.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2006 Scottish League Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2006 Scottish League Cup Final was a football match played on 19 March 2006 at Hampden Park in Glasgow. It was the final match of the 2005\u201306 Scottish League Cup and the 59th Scottish League Cup Final. The final was contested by Dunfermline Athletic and Celtic. Celtic won the match 3\u20130, thanks to goals from Maciej Zurawski, Shaun Maloney and Dion Dublin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1967 Scottish League Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1967 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 28 October 1967 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 22nd Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Dundee and Celtic, with Dundee becoming the first side from outside the Old Firm to reach a League Cup Final since the 1963 Final. Celtic won a high-scoring match by 5\u20133, with Stevie Chalmers, John Hughes, Bobby Lennox and Willie Wallace all scoring for Celtic. George McLean and Jim McLean scored Dundee's goals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "2009 Scottish League Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 Scottish League Cup Final was the final match of the 2008\u201309 Scottish League Cup, the 62nd season of the Scottish League Cup. The match was played at Hampden Park, Glasgow on 15 March 2009, and was won by Celtic, who beat Old Firm rivals and Cup holders, Rangers, 2-0 after extra time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1955 Scottish League Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1955 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 22 October 1955, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 10th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Aberdeen and St Mirren. Aberdeen won the match 2\u20131, thanks to a goal by Graham Leggat and an own goal by Jim Mallan. The winning goal, scored 11 minutes from the end, was a \"wind-assisted cross\". Aberdeen manager Davie Shaw later admitted that they had been \"damn lucky\" to win the Cup. The match proved to be St Mirren's last appearance in a Scottish League Cup Final until 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2008 Scottish League Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 16 March 2008 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the 61st Scottish League Cup Final. The final was contested by Dundee United, who beat Aberdeen 4\u20131 in the semi-final, and Rangers, who beat Hearts 2\u20130. The two sides had last met in a League Cup Final in the 1984\u201385 season with Rangers winning 1\u20130 on that occasion. The previous year's winners were Hibernian, who beat Kilmarnock 5\u20131 in the 2007 Final but they were knocked out in the third round by Motherwell who beat them 4\u20132, it was the fifth successive year in which both of the previous year's finalists did not make it to the final. Rangers won the match 3\u20132 on penalties after the match had ended in a 2\u20132 draw after extra time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "2011 Scottish League Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 Scottish League Cup Final was the final match of the 2010\u201311 Scottish League Cup, the 64th season of the Scottish League Cup. It was played by Old Firm rivals Celtic and Rangers. Rangers won the trophy after extra time 2\u20131.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a818387554299260e20a291", "question_text": "Based on a True Story... is an album by which country music star, with the single My Eyes?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Blake Shelton"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "My Eyes (Blake Shelton song)", "paragraph_text": "\"My Eyes\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Blake Shelton featuring Gwen Sebastian. It was released in April 2014 as the fifth single from his seventh studio album, \"Based on a True Story...\". The song was written by Andrew Dorff, Tommy Lee James and Josh Osborne.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Based on a True Story...", "paragraph_text": "Based on a True Story\u2026 is the eighth studio album by American country music artist Blake Shelton. It was released on March 26, 2013 via Warner Bros. Records and debuted at #3 with a career best for Shelton at nearly 200,000 sold. The album became the ninth best-selling album of 2013 in the US, earning Shelton a Platinum certification by the RIAA on September 30, 2013. In 2016, \"Based on a True Story\u2026\" was certified double-platinum by the RIAA.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Christy Sutherland", "paragraph_text": "Christy Sutherland (born April 9, 1976) is a Nashville country music and praise/worship singer-songwriter. Signed to Epic Records in 2004, she charted the single \"Freedom\" on the Hot Country Songs charts. She is married to Kenneth Matthew Dudney, son of Country music star, Barbara Mandrell. The two were wed on July 14, 2006 during a private ceremony at Mandrell's private home. Dudney currently works as tour and business manager for Sutherland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Keyed Up", "paragraph_text": "Keyed Up is the fifteenth studio album by country music star Ronnie Milsap, released in 1983. It featured the No.\u00a05 country chart hit \"Stranger in My House\", plus the No.\u00a01 country hits \"Don't You Know How Much I Love You\" and \"Show Her.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "This Is Me (Randy Travis album)", "paragraph_text": "This Is Me is the ninth studio album by country music star Randy Travis, and was released on April 26, 1994 by Warner Bros.. Producer Kyle Lehning, Travis, and A&R Martha Sharp considered more than 1,000 songs before settling on the final ten. The tracks \"Before You Kill Us All\", \"Whisper My Name\", \"This Is Me\", and \"The Box\" were all released as singles, peaking at #2, #1, #5, and #8, respectively, on the \"Billboard\" country music charts. \"Small Y'all\" was later recorded by George Jones on his 1998 album \"It Don't Get Any Better Than This\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Country Music Star No. 1", "paragraph_text": "Country Music Star No. 1 contains recordings of a prestardom Glen Campbell, which were made around 1960\u20131961. This album, just like the other Starday album Country Soul, was released after Campbell rose to international fame with hits including \"Gentle on My Mind\", \"By the Time I Get to Phoenix\" and \"Wichita Lineman\". Campbell sued against these releases but eventually settled with Starday.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Old 8\u00d710", "paragraph_text": "Old 8\u00d710 is the third studio album by country music star Randy Travis. It was released on July 12, 1988 by Warner Bros. Records Nashville. The album produced the singles \"Honky Tonk Moon\", \"Deeper Than the Holler\", \"Is It Still Over\", and \"Promises\". All of these except \"Promises\" reached Number One on the Hot Country Songs charts in the late 1980s. The German edition of the album (the first Randy Travis release in that country) contained the bonus track \"Forever and Ever, Amen\". In January 1990, Old 8\u00d710 earned Travis three American Music Awards for 'Favorite Country Male Artist', 'Favorite Country Album', and 'Favorite Country Single' (Deeper Than the Holler).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Gruhn Guitars", "paragraph_text": "Gruhn Guitars is a musical instrument shop and place of interest located in Nashville, Tennessee. Vintage instruments comprise a large portion of its inventory, but it also features new instruments from factories and independent luthiers. It is a mecca for rock stars and well-heeled collectors. The business opened on January 2, 1970. It won a lot of new business and national attention after Visa featured it in 1992 in a TV commercial. George Gruhn is the world\u2019s leading expert on vintage American guitars and related instruments, according to Walter Carter, historian and archivist for the Gibson Guitar Company. The shop was originally called GTR, which stood for George Gruhn, Tut Taylor and Randy Wood; a story has circulated that country music star Hank Williams, Jr. encouraged Gruhn to go into business. The store is located right by the stage door of the Ryman Auditorium, the home of the Grand Ole Opry. On December 31, 2006, Garrison Keillor, for his New Year's Show at Ryman Auditorium for PBS' \"Great Performances\" visited Gruhn Guitars with Vince Gill before the start of the show. Garrison Keiller's New Year's Eve Special Gill told a story about buying some of his guitars at Gruhn's. \"Gruhn's customer's have included the likes of Duane Allman, Mark Knopfler, Conan O'Brien, Robert Plant and Eric Clapton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Stranger in the House (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Stranger in the House\" is a song composed by Elvis Costello. Costello recorded the song as a duet with country music star George Jones in the summer of 1978 for Jones' 1979 album \"My Very Special Guests\". Costello also recorded a solo version recorded at a John Peel session on October 1978 which surfaced as a free 7\" single with the first copies of his second album \"This Year's Model\" in the United Kingdom. According to Holly Jones-Warren's liner notes to the 2005 Legacy Records reissue of \"My Very Special Guests\", Costello wrote the song specifically with Jones in mind, with the new wave star stating, \"George Jones was my guiding light whenever I wrote in the country idiom.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Randy Travis", "paragraph_text": "Randy Bruce Traywick (born May 4, 1959), better known by his stage name, Randy Travis, is an American country music singer, songwriter, guitarist, and actor. Since 1985, he has recorded 20 studio albums and charted more than 50 singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts, and 16 of these were number-one hits. Considered a pivotal figure in the history of country music, Travis broke through in the mid-1980s with the release of his album \"Storms of Life\", which sold more than four million copies. The album established him as a major force in the Neotraditional country movement. Travis followed up his successful debut with a string of platinum and multi-platinum albums. He is known for his distinctive baritone vocals, delivered in a traditional style that has made him a country music star since the 1980s.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adf68ac5542993344016c79", "question_text": "Little Brown Stein is a rivalry trophy that imitates a mug made out of what item?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["stoneware"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Beer stein", "paragraph_text": "Beer stein ( ), or simply stein, is an English neologism for either traditional beer mugs made out of stoneware, or specifically ornamental beer mugs that are usually sold as souvenirs or collectibles. In German, the word \"stein \" means stone and is not used to refer to a beverage container.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sitting Bull Trophy", "paragraph_text": "The Sitting Bull Trophy is the name of the rivalry trophy that was awarded to the winner of the annual football game between the University of North Dakota Fighting Hawks (formerly the North Dakota Fighting Sioux) and the University of South Dakota Coyotes. The rivalry stems from the time the two teams spent competing together in the North Central Conference (1922\u20132007) and later in the Great West Conference (2008\u20132011).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Red River Rivalry trophies", "paragraph_text": "There are three Red River Rivalry trophies given to the winner of the annual Red River Rivalry (previously Red River Shootout) which is a college football rivalry game between The University of Texas Longhorns and the University of Oklahoma Sooners. The trophies are the Golden Hat, the Red River Rivalry trophy and the Governors' trophy. The trophies reward the annual winner of one of college football's longest and most intense rivalries. 2005 marked the 100th meeting of the two football programs. The rivalry began in 1900 while Oklahoma was still a territory of the United States. In the first 100 games of the rivalry, Texas won 56 times to 39 Oklahoma victories and 5 ties. The 2007 match-up between Oklahoma and Texas was predicted to be the #3 game to watch in 2007 by SI.com's \"Top 20 Games To Watch In 2007\" list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "River City Rivalry", "paragraph_text": "The River City Rivalry was an annual game played between former Big East rivals University of Pittsburgh and University of Cincinnati. The rivalry itself was relatively brief, played annually from 2005, during which season the rivalry trophy was introduced. Before the rivalry was titled, the two teams played each other in 1921, 1922, 1979, and 1981. The rivalry went on hiatus, like many others throughout the country, in the aftermath of the 2010\u201313 NCAA conference realignment, which left the programs in separate leagues. However, the two teams are scheduled to meet in a home-and-home series for the 2023 and 2024 seasons.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Little Brown Stein", "paragraph_text": "The Little Brown Stein is a rivalry trophy awarded to the winner of the college football game between the University of Idaho Vandals and University of Montana Grizzlies. The trophy is, as the name implies, a large stein mug with the results of all the games between the two painted on.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cotton Davidson", "paragraph_text": "Francis Marion \"Cotton\" Davidson (born November 30, 1931) is a former American football quarterback. Davidson attended Baylor University, and played professionally for the National Football League's Baltimore Colts (1954, 1957), and the American Football League's Dallas Texans (1960\u20131962) and Oakland Raiders (1962\u20131968). Davidson also played quarterback for the Fort Bliss Falcons in 1955 to 1957. A game between the Fort Bliss Falcons and the Fort Sill, Oklahoma Cannoneers was played for a trophy called \"The Little Brown Dud.\" The Cannoneers won the game and took home the Little Brown Dud. Cotton was awarded ALL ARMY QUARTERBACK in 1955.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hoosier Helmet Trophy", "paragraph_text": "The Hoosier Helmet Trophy is the name of the rivalry trophy between the Butler Bulldogs and the Valparaiso Crusaders. Both schools are members of the Pioneer Football League. Butler and Valparaiso first played in 1927, and have played each other in football every year since 1951. The two teams have met 75 times on the football field, with Butler currently holding a 50\u201325 edge in the all time series. In 2006, at the suggestion of Butler head coach Jeff Voris, the Hoosier Helmet Trophy was created to commemorate and intensify the long-standing rivalry between the two schools.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Little Brown Jug (college football trophy)", "paragraph_text": "The Michigan\u2013Minnesota football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Michigan Wolverines football team of the University of Michigan and Minnesota Golden Gophers football team of the University of Minnesota. The Little Brown Jug is an earthenware jug that serves as a trophy awarded to the winner of the game. It is one of the oldest and most played rivalries in American college football, dating to 1892. The Little Brown Jug is the most regularly exchanged rivalry trophy in college football, the oldest trophy game in FBS college football, and the second oldest rivalry trophy overall, next to the 1899 Territorial Cup (which did not become a travelling/exchange trophy until 2001), contested between Arizona and Arizona State (which did not become a four-year college until 1925).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Arizona\u2013Arizona State football rivalry", "paragraph_text": "The Arizona\u2013Arizona State football rivalry, sometimes known as the Duel in the Desert, is a college football rivalry between the University of Arizona Wildcats and the Arizona State University Sun Devils. One of the longest football rivalries, the winner receives the Territorial Cup, created for the 1899 champion between schools in Arizona and which the NCAA has certified as the oldest rivalry trophy in college football. While the Territorial Cup did not change hands as a regular part of the competition until 2001, the rivalry between the two schools continued after 1899, a semi-regular event until becoming an annual event from 1946 onwards. It is part of the wider Arizona\u2013Arizona State rivalry, which crosses 20 varsity intercollegiate sports.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sabine Shoe", "paragraph_text": "The Sabine Shoe is the name of the bronze shoe trophy that was awarded to the winner of the annual football game between the Louisiana\u2013Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns (formerly the Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs) and the Lamar Cardinals. The first Sabine Shoe trophy was awarded in 1937 to the winner of the SLI\u2013Lamar football game. The name of the bronze rivalry trophy was derived from the Sabine River that forms part of the Texas\u2013Louisiana border. USL defeated Lamar in the 1978 edition of the rivalry game, but the Ragin' Cajuns were not awarded the trophy as it had vanished. The Sabine Shoe trophy now sits in at trophy case in the Ragin' Cajun Athletic Complex in Lafayette, Louisiana. The two teams have met 34 times on the football field, with the Ragin' Cajuns currently holding a 23\u201311 edge in the all time series. The game has been infrequently played following the Ragin' Cajuns departure from the Southland Conference in football. Following the 1981 season, the conference was one of several forced to reclassify from NCAA's Division I-A to Division I-AA. The Ragin' Cajuns, a member of Division I-A since 1978, met the NCAA requirements to remain a Division I-A member and chose to continue participation in that sub-division.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5addda9b5542992200553b5b", "question_text": "What was the island, on which Marinelli Glacier is located, formerly known as?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Isla de Xativa"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Douglas River", "paragraph_text": "The Douglas River, formerly known as the Twain, is a river of the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. Its source is high in the Southern Alps, five kilometres south of Mount Sefton, and its upper reaches are fed by water from the Douglas Glacier. It flows west for 18 kilometres, joined by runoff from the Horace Walker Glacier, before joining the waters of the Karangarua River. The Douglas River's entire course is within Westland Tai Poutini National Park. The river and glacier are named after Charles Edward Douglas, a 19th-century explorer and mountaineer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rising Sun Auto Camp", "paragraph_text": "The Rising Sun Auto Camp, also known as the Roes Creek Auto Camp, East Glacier Auto Camp or simply Rising Sun preserves a portion of the built-up area of Glacier National Park that documents the second phase of tourist development in the park. Rising Sun is located along the Going-to-the-Sun Road, approximately 7 mi from the east entrance to Glacier National Park, Montana, United States. Rising Sun is a wayside area that has a National Park Service campground, a camp store and gift shop, picnic area, restaurant, as well as a motel and guest cabins which are managed by the park's concessionaire, Xanterra Parks & Resorts. In the immediate area, there is also a boat dock as well as sightseeing boats which allow visitors to tour Saint Mary Lake, the second largest lake in the park. \"The most popular spot for [Glacier] tourists is Rising Sun, an overlook of Goose Island in St. Mary Lake and one of the most photographed spots in the park.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sea Pines Resort", "paragraph_text": "The Sea Pines Resort or Sea Pines is located in Sea Pines Plantation, a 5,200-acre private residential gated community located on the southern tip of the island which comprises the town of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. Sea Pines is home to four golf courses, including Harbour Town Golf Links, Atlantic Dunes by Davis Love III, (formerly known as the Ocean Course), the Heron Point golf course (formerly known as the Sea Marsh course) and the Sea Pines Country Club Course. The RBC Heritage is a PGA Tour event held annually in April at the Harbour Town course.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego", "paragraph_text": "Tierra del Fuego\u2014literally \"Land of the Fire\", formerly \"Isla de Xativa\" and also known as Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego\u2014is an island near the southern tip of South America from which it is separated by the Strait of Magellan. The western portion (61.43%) of the island (29,484.7 km2 ) is in Chile (Province of Tierra del Fuego and Ant\u00e1rtica Chilena Province), while the eastern portion (38.57%, 18,507.3 km2 ) is in Argentina (Tierra del Fuego Province). It forms the major landmass in an extended group of islands or archipelago also known as Tierra del Fuego.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wanshan Archipelago Campaign", "paragraph_text": "The Wanshan Archipelago Campaign (\u4e07\u5c71\u7fa4\u5c9b\u6218\u5f79) was a campaign fought between the communist and the nationalist forces during the Chinese Civil War for the control of Wanshan Archipelago (\"Wanshan Qundao\", \u4e07\u5c71\u7fa4\u5c9b), and resulted in communist victory. The archipelago consists of 48 islands strategically located at the mouth of the Pearl River, a chokepoint on the communication lines to Hong Kong and Macau. The largest island is the Laurel Mountain (Guishan, \u6842\u5c71) Island, which was formerly known as Trash Tail (Lajiwei, \u5783\u573e\u5c3e) Island. Other major islands include Outer Linding (Wailinding, \u5916\u4f36\u4ec3) Island, Dong'ao (\u4e1c\u6fb3) Island, Tri-gate (Sanmen, \u4e09\u95e8) Island, Greater Ten-thousand Mountain (Da Wanshan, \u5927\u4e07\u5c71) Island, Lesser Ten-thousand Mountain (Xiao Wanshan, \u5c0f\u4e07\u5c71) Island, Burden Pole (Dangan, \u62c5\u6746) Islands, and Jianpeng (\u4f73\u84ec) Islands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sherburne Ranger Station Historic District", "paragraph_text": "The Sherburne Ranger Station in Glacier National Park is an example of the National Park Service Rustic style. Located in the Swiftcurrent portion of the park, it was built in 1926. It is part of a small historic district that includes a mess hall and subsidiary structures, formerly known as the Sherburne Road Camp, established in 1931. The ranger station closely resembles the ranger stations at Belly River and Lake McDonald. A checking station at the road remains substantially intact.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Marinelli Glacier", "paragraph_text": "Marinelli Glacier is a tidewater glacier located in Alberto de Agostini National Park, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. The glacier spills out from the backbone of the Cordillera Darwin and calves into Ainsworth Bay, an embayment of the Almirantazgo Fjord. The Marinelli Glacier is in a state of retreat, beginning at least as early as 1960 and continuing to the present time.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Boaz Island, Bermuda", "paragraph_text": "Boaz Island, formerly known as \"Gate's Island\" or \"Yates Island\", is one of the six main islands of Bermuda. It is part of a chain of islands in the west of the country that make up Sandys Parish, lying between the larger Ireland Island and Somerset Island, and is connected to both by bridges. Its east coast forms part of the edge of the Great Sound. Boaz Island was part of the Royal Naval base, which included the HM Dockyard on Ireland Island. From 1939, Boaz Island was used as a Royal Naval Air Station. Its primary role was the servicing, repair and replacement of spotter floatplanes and flying boats belonging to naval vessels. Early in the Second World War, with no other units to fill the role, aeroplanes from Boaz Island were used to maintain anti-submarine air patrols, using whatever aircrew were on hand, including pilots from the Bermuda Flying School on Darrell's Island. All that remains of the Fleet Air Arm facility today is a hangar on runway road, and two slips.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lian Island", "paragraph_text": "Lian Island () is the largest island in Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. The island is located inside Haizhou Bay in the Yellow Sea. It is 9 km long from east to west across the island and it has an area of 7.57 km2 . 80% of the island is covered with forests. The longest sea dyke nationally (6.7 km long) connects the island with the east of the city of Lianyungang. Lian Island is the only AAAA-class seashore tourist attraction in Jiangsu. The island was formerly known as Yingyou hill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Birnie Island", "paragraph_text": "Birnie Island is a small, uninhabited coral island, 20 hectares in area, part of the Phoenix Island group, that is part of the Republic of Kiribati. It is located about 100\u00a0km SE of Kanton Island and 90\u00a0km WNW of Rawaki Island, formerly known as Phoenix Island. It lies at . Birnie island measures only 1.2\u00a0km long and 0.5\u00a0km wide. There is no anchorage, but landing can be made on the lee beach.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7c6c9d554299683c1c6302", "question_text": "In what county was Duffy Jackson born?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Nassau County"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Duffy Jackson", "paragraph_text": "Duff Clark \"Duffy\" Jackson (born July 3, 1953, Freeport, New York) is an American jazz drummer.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Joe Cohn", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Mark \"Joe\" Cohn (born December 28, 1956, Flushing, New York) is an American jazz guitarist. His father is Al Cohn. Joe's daughter Shaye Cohn, is a musician who plays cornet with her band Tuba Skinny in New Orleans and at jazz festivals in Italy and Australia and elsewhere. Shaye also plays accordion, violin and piano. Joe studied at Berklee College of Music, and has played with Bob Mover, Nick Brignola, Freddy Cole, Buddy DeFranco, Dick Johnson, Al Grey, Carmen Leggio, and Duffy Jackson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Rob Jackson", "paragraph_text": "Rob Jackson born 4 September 1981 in Salford, Greater Manchester, England is a rugby league player for Whitehaven in National League One.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Richard Duffy", "paragraph_text": "Richard Michael Duffy (born 30 August 1985) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays for EFL League Two club Notts County. A versatile player who can play either on the right or at the centre of defence, he won 13 caps for Wales between 2005 and 2008. He is the younger brother of Robert Duffy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Charles Gavan Duffy", "paragraph_text": "The Rt. Hon. Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, , PC (12 April 1816 \u2013 9 February 1903), Irish-Australian nationalist, journalist, poet and politician, was the 8th Premier of Victoria and one of the most colourful figures in Victorian political history. Duffy was born in Dublin Street, Monaghan Town, County Monaghan, Ireland, the son of a Catholic shopkeeper. Both his parents died while he was still a child and his uncle, Fr James Duffy, who was the Catholic parish priest of Castleblayney, became his guardian for a number of years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Walter A. Duffy", "paragraph_text": "Walter A. Duffy was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Duffy was first elected to the Assembly in 1914, succeeding Hubert H. Peavey, a future member of the United States House of Representatives. He was re-elected in 1916. Additionally, Duffy was a member of the Bayfield County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. He was a Republican. Duffy was born in Washburn, Wisconsin in 1889.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Michael A. Jackson (politician)", "paragraph_text": "Michael A. Jackson (born March 29, 1964) is the current Maryland state delegate for District 27B in Prince George's County and is on three committees. Jackson is also the former Sheriff of Prince George's County, Maryland. Pursuant to Maryland Common Law, Jackson's position as the elected sheriff made him the senior law enforcement official of his jurisdiction and his authority superseded all others within the county. Jackson, a Democrat, served for two terms, from 2002 to 2010. The area that he served contains an estimated 820,852 residents, holds the Washington Redskins Stadium (Fedex Field, the largest stadium in the NFL), the University of Maryland, College Park, and the National Harbor. Although violent crimes had dropped since 2006, in 2007, Prince George's County reported over 130 homicides, the highest rate of any county in Maryland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Keith Duffy (bassist)", "paragraph_text": "Keith Duffy is an Irish bass guitarist, best known for his long-standing support role in the folk-pop band The Corrs. He was born Keith Arnold Jacques Duffy on 2 June 1966, in Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Patrick Duffy (Irish politician)", "paragraph_text": "Patrick J. Duffy (28 July 1875 \u2013 21 July 1946) was an Irish Cumann na nGaedheal politician. He was first elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for the Monaghan constituency at the 1923 general election. He lost his seat at the June 1927 general election. Patrick J. Duffy was born in Doohamlet, near Castleblayney in County Monaghan. He was an active member of the Irish Volunteers and took part in the Irish War of Independence. He was married to Sarah Lawless of Ringsend, Dublin and had 8 children with her.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Freeport, New York", "paragraph_text": "Freeport (officially The Incorporated Village of Freeport) is a village in the town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, USA, on the South Shore of Long Island. The population was 43,713 at the 2010 census. A settlement since the 1640s, it was once an oystering community and later a resort popular with the New York City theater community. It is now primarily a bedroom suburb but retains a modest commercial waterfront and some light industry.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abbd3b4554299642a094b4f", "question_text": "What sort of dog did the same man who cared for the living gift that Martin Bormann gave Hitler have?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["dachshund"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Enabling Act of 1933", "paragraph_text": "The Enabling Act (German: \"Erm\u00e4chtigungsgesetz \") was a 1933 Weimar Constitution amendment that gave the German Cabinet \u2013 in effect, Chancellor Adolf Hitler \u2013 the power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag. It passed in both the Reichstag and Reichsrat on 24 March 1933, and was signed by President Paul von Hindenburg later that day. The act stated that it was to last four years unless renewed by the Reichstag, which occurred twice. The Enabling Act gave Hitler plenary powers. It followed on the heels of the Reichstag Fire Decree, which abolished most civil liberties and transferred state powers to the Reich government. The combined effect of the two laws was to transform Hitler's government into a legal dictatorship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Fritz Tornow", "paragraph_text": "Tornow had the task of taking care of Hitler's beloved German shepherd Blondi, as well as her puppies, and Eva Braun's dogs. Additionally, Tornow had his own pet dachshund.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Martin Adolf Bormann", "paragraph_text": "Martin Adolf Bormann ((1930--)14 1930 in Gr\u00fcnwald \u2013 in Herdecke) was a German theologian laicized Roman Catholic priest, the eldest of the ten children of Martin Bormann and a godson of Adolf Hitler.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Martin Bormann", "paragraph_text": "Martin Bormann (17 June 1900\u00a0\u2013 2 May 1945) was a prominent official in Nazi Germany as head of the Nazi Party Chancellery. He gained immense power within the Third Reich by using his position as Adolf Hitler's private secretary to control the flow of information and access to Hitler.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Religious views of Adolf Hitler", "paragraph_text": "Adolf Hitler's religious beliefs have been a matter of debate; the wide consensus of historians consider him to have been irreligious and anti-Christian. In light of evidence such as his vocal rejection of the tenets of Christianity as a teenager, numerous private statements to confidants denouncing Christianity as a harmful superstition, and his strenuous efforts to reduce the influence and independence of Christianity in Germany after he came to power, Hitler's major academic biographers conclude that he was irreligious and an opponent of Christianity. Historian Laurence Rees found no evidence that \"Hitler, in his personal life, ever expressed belief in the basic tenets of the Christian church\". Hitler's remarks to confidants, as described in the Goebbels Diaries, the memoirs of Albert Speer, and transcripts of Hitler's private conversations recorded by Martin Bormann in \"Hitler's Table Talk\", are further evidence of his irreligious and anti-Christian beliefs; these sources record a number of private remarks in which Hitler ridicules Christian doctrine as absurd, contrary to scientific advancement, and socially destructive.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Vorbunker", "paragraph_text": "The Vorbunker (upper bunker or forward bunker) was an underground concrete structure originally intended to be a temporary air-raid shelter for Adolf Hitler and his guards and servants. It was located behind the large reception hall that was added onto the old Reich Chancellery, in Berlin, Germany, in 1936. The bunker was officially called the \"Reich Chancellery Air-Raid Shelter\" until 1943, when the complex was expanded with the addition of the \"F\u00fchrerbunker\", located one level below. On 16 January 1945, Hitler moved into the \"F\u00fchrerbunker\". He was joined by his senior staff, including Martin Bormann. Later, Eva Braun and Joseph Goebbels moved into the \"F\u00fchrerbunker\" while Magda Goebbels and their six children took residence in the upper \"Vorbunker\". The Goebbels family lived in the \"Vorbunker\" until their deaths on 1 May 1945.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Albert Bormann", "paragraph_text": "Albert Bormann (2 September 19028 April 1989) was a German National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK) officer, who rose to the rank of \"Gruppenf\u00fchrer\" (\"Generalleutnant\") during World War II. Bormann served as an adjutant to Adolf Hitler, and was the younger brother of Martin Bormann.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mass suicides in 1945 Nazi Germany", "paragraph_text": "During the final weeks of the Third Reich and the war in Europe, many civilians, government officials and military personnel throughout Nazi Germany committed suicide. Aside from high-ranking Nazi officials like Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler, Philipp Bouhler and Martin Bormann, many others chose \"\u200aSelbstmord\" (German: \"Self-murder\" ) rather than accept the defeat of Germany. Studies have shown that the suicides were influenced through Nazi propaganda (reaction to the suicide of Adolf Hitler), the tenets of the Nazi Party, and the anticipated reprisals following the Allied occupation of Nazi Germany. For example in April 1945, at least 1,000 people killed themselves and others within 72 hours as the Red Army neared the East German town of Demmin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Blondi", "paragraph_text": "Blondi (1941 \u2013 29 April 1945) was Adolf Hitler's German Shepherd, a gift as a puppy from Martin Bormann in 1941. Blondi stayed with Hitler even after his move into the \"F\u00fchrerbunker\" located underneath the garden of the Reich Chancellery on 16 January 1945.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hitler's Table Talk", "paragraph_text": "\"Hitler's Table Talk\" (German: \"Tischgespr\u00e4che im F\u00fchrerhauptquartier\") is the title given to a series of World War II monologues delivered by Adolf Hitler, which were transcribed from 1941 to 1944. Hitler's remarks were recorded by Heinrich Heim, Henry Picker, and Martin Bormann, and later published by different editors, under different titles, in three different languages.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac41ca75542991943173919", "question_text": "How large of the area is the nature reserve south of Seacroft Esplanade?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["4.3 km2"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gibraltar Point", "paragraph_text": "Gibraltar Point national nature reserve is an area of approximately 4.3 km2 in Lincolnshire, England.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Danes Moss Nature Reserve", "paragraph_text": "Danes Moss Nature Reserve is a 13.4 ha nature reserve south of Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. A Site of Special Scientific Interest, it is managed by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Woodford Halse Nature Reserve", "paragraph_text": "Woodford Halse Nature Reserve is a 5.7 hectare nature reserve south of Woodford Halse in Northamptonshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Seacroft, Lincolnshire", "paragraph_text": "Seacroft is a linear settlement in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies at the south of, and is conjoined to, Skegness , and comprises the less than half-mile long residential road, Seacroft Esplanade, and a golf course at its south. Farther south is Gibraltar Point nature reserve.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Baikal Nature Reserve", "paragraph_text": "The Baikal Nature Reserve ( ; Russian: \u0411\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a , \"Baikalski Zapovednik\") is a nature reserve on the southeast shore of Lake Baikal, in southern Buryatia, Russia. Also called Baikal Zapovednik, it was established in 1969 for preserving the nature along the lake and the neighboring central part of the Chamar-Daban Range. The area of this nature reserve is 165,700 ha . It hosts dark pine taiga (silver fir, cedar, spruce), thin forests, Siberian Dwarf Pine and rhododendron underbrush, subalpine meadows, and alpine tundras. The Baikal Nature Reserve is home to 812 kinds of plants, 49 types of mammals, 272 birds, 3 reptiles, 3 amphibians, and 7 types of fish. The reserve is also home to East Siberian brown bear, Baikal lynx, wolverine, otter, osprey, and golden eagle. The Baikal Nature Reserve is part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (also see \"List of biosphere reserves in the Russian Federation\"). The reserve is also a part of the Lake Baikal World Heritage Site. The Kabansky Nature Zakaznik, across , was transferred under the jurisdiction of the Baikal Nature Reserve in 1985.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Kiehnmoor", "paragraph_text": "The Kiehnmoor is a nature reserve in Germany. It was designated as a nature reserve in 1992. It has an area of 440 ha of which 100 ha lie in Celle district and 340 ha in Uelzen district. The nature conservation authorities of these districts are responsible for the reserve. A large part of the area is wet meadow, that in places is intensively farmed. However the majority of the area has been left in its natural state. A small sand heath forms part of the reserve. Its southern perimeter borders immediately on the larger heathland area of the S\u00fcdheide Nature Park. The \"Heidschnucken\", moorland sheep characteristic of the region, are reared here. North of the Kiehnmoor and immediately adjacent to it is the valley of a partially dammed stream, the \"Gerdau\", and the Brambosteler Moor nature reserve. To the southeast the reserve borders on the Unterl\u00fc\u00df Firing Range (\"Schie\u00dfplatz Unterl\u00fc\u00df\"), belonging to the firm of Rheinmetall, and the \"Gro\u00dfe Heide\" (\"Large Heath\") near Unterl\u00fc\u00df, that is closed to the public. Kiehnmoor, too, is totally out-of-bounds. This whole area is very secluded. Rare birds have settled here including the crane and the black stork. Even the otter may be found here.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mogumber Nature Reserve", "paragraph_text": "The Mogumber Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in Western Australia. It is a refuge for the endangered Western Swamp Tortoise along with the Twin Swamps Nature Reserve and the Ellen Brook Nature Reserve. Twin Swamps and Ellen Brook are IUCN Protected Area Management Category IV Reserves, while the Mogumber Nature Reserve is a Category Ia nature reserve.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Darland's Lake Nature Reserve", "paragraph_text": "Darland's Lake Nature Reserve is a nature reserve south of Totteridge Village in Barnet, England. It is owned by the London Borough of Barnet and was managed from 1971 by the Hertfordshire and Middlesex Wildlife Trust, and more recently by the borough council. In 2007 the council spent \u00a3215,000 on repairing the dam and other works, and then proposed leasing the reserve to the Wildlife Trust. However, the transfer did not take place and the nature reserve is currently not managed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Gibraltar Nature Reserve", "paragraph_text": "The Gibraltar Nature Reserve (formerly the Upper Rock Nature Reserve) is a protected nature reserve in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar that covers over 40% of the country's land area. It was established as the Upper Rock Nature Reserve in 1993 under the International Union for Conservation of Nature's category Ia (strict nature reserve) and was last extended in 2013. It is known for its semi-wild population of Barbary macaques, and is an important resting point for migrating birds.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "P\u00f9 Lu\u00f4ng Nature Reserve", "paragraph_text": "P\u00f9 Lu\u00f4ng Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in northern Vietnam. This nature reserve is situated in Quan H\u00f3a and B\u00e1 Th\u01b0\u1edbc districts of Thanh H\u00f3a Province, North Central Coast region of Vietnam. Pu Luong Nature Reserve is bordered by Mai Ch\u00e2u, T\u00e2n L\u1ea1c and L\u1ea1c S\u01a1n districts of H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh Province. The reserve is located along two parallel mountain ridges, that run from north-west to south-east, and are divided by a central valley, which contains several human settlements and a large agricultural land area, therefore, is not included within the nature reserve. P\u00f9 Lu\u00f4ng is endowed with great biodiversity, its flora and fauna is closely associated with the C\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng National Park 25\u00a0km south-east.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae33a3b5542992f92d8224a", "question_text": "Viking: The Ultimate Obstacle Course was a game show that aired in Europe with the British presenter who was an Olympic participant in what sport?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["bobsledder"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Wipeout (2008 U.S. game show)", "paragraph_text": "Wipeout is a game show series in which contestants competed in what was billed as the \"World's Largest\" obstacle course. \"Wipeout\" was hosted and commentated by John Henson and John Anderson, while Jill Wagner acted as the \"on-location\" presenter. The show aired on ABC from June 24, 2008 until the show aired its final episode on September 7, 2014. The interim presenter for one season was Vanessa Lachey. The creators and executive producers are Matt Kunitz and Scott Larsen. Distribution of the show was handled by Endemol USA. The show was taped at Sable Ranch in Canyon Country, Santa Clarita, California, about 40 miles north of Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Techniques de Randonn\u00e9e \u00c9questre de Comp\u00e9tition", "paragraph_text": "TREC, short for the French Techniques de Randonn\u00e9e \u00c9questre de Comp\u00e9tition is an equestrian discipline designed to test horse and rider. With origins in France, the sport has spread through Europe, and was introduced to the UK by the British Horse Society (BHS) in 1998. The sport is now known as British TREC and is run by TREC GB. TREC competitions consist of three separate events (phases) - mounted orienteering, a demonstration of control of the horse's paces and an obstacle course - all completed over the course of one or two days, and points scored, with the highest scoring being declared the overall event winner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Run for Your Lives (obstacle racing)", "paragraph_text": "Run For Your Lives (RFYL) is a 3-5K obstacle course adventure run series created by Maryland-based Reed Street Productions (RSP). Like other obstacle races, runners navigate through various terrain and physically challenging obstacles. Unlike other obstacle races, runners try to dodge and escape from zombies roaming the course trying to grab flags from runners' flagbelts, similar to flag football. The course was designed to incorporate zombies as well as SERE training learned by a RSP managing-member who is active-duty navy. The inaugural race had about 12,000 attendees and was covered by multiple news sources.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Obstacle racing", "paragraph_text": "Obstacle course racing (OCR) is a sport in which a competitor, traveling on foot, must overcome various physical challenges that are in the form of obstacles. Mud and trail runs are combined and the races are designed to result in mental and physical collapse. Obstacles include, but are not limited to, climbing over walls, carrying heavy objects, traversing bodies of water, crawling under barbed wire, and jumping through fire. Many obstacles are similar to those used in military training, while others are unique to obstacle racing and are employed throughout the course to test endurance, strength, speed and, dexterity. Races vary in both distance and challenge level, combining trail running, road running, and cross country running. With race venues typically in large cities, organizers encourage athletes of all types to participate. All Obstacles were introduced into Cross Country Running at Tough Guy, recorded on video 1989 - 2007. Most signature obstacles were actually created by Mr Mouse. According to the \"Los Angeles Times\" in 2012, the number of events\u2014typically all-day festivals\u2014rose rapidly. In accordance with the sub-culture's fast rate of growth, the \"Obstacle Race Magazine\" was launched.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "All American Girl (2003 TV series)", "paragraph_text": "All American Girl is a 2003 reality competition that started with 45 females vying for the title of the same name. In the first episode the field of 45 is cut down to 15 by means of a talent show competition and obstacle course. At the talent show and obstacle course, three coaches (Geri Halliwell, John Salley, Suzanne de Passe) decided who the 15 finalists would be. After the 15 finalists were decided, the coaches picked five girls to be on their team for the whole series. During the series, the three teams went through a training camp to train them in a vast array of disciplines that included athletic ability, mental agility, performance in the popular arts and beauty. Each week some of the contestants were cut from the competition until there were only six contestants, followed by another cut down to a final three. The winner was decided by viewer phone voting. The show was hosted by Mitch Mullany.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Kunoichi (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Kunoichi (\u30af\u30ce\u30a4\u30c1; stylized as KUNOICHI in Japan) is a women's obstacle course competition held in Japan and broadcast on the Tokyo Broadcasting System. It is a spin-off of \"Sasuke\", another obstacle course series. \"Kunoichi\" is different from \"Sasuke\" in that the competitors are exclusively female. It is also broadcast as Women of Ninja Warrior on the American G4 channel. KUNOICHI has been renewed for a 9th tournament after an 8-year hiatus for 2017. It was taped on January 26, 2017, took place at the Makuhari Messe Convention Hall, unlike past tournaments taking place at Midoriyama Studio City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "A*mazing", "paragraph_text": "A*mazing was an Australian children's television game show that aired between 16 May 1994 until 1998 on the Seven Network. It was famous for a relatively large and elaborate maze/obstacle course that was part of the show's studio set. \"A*mazing\" was hosted by James Sherry for the entire run of the series. A*mazing was produced at Channel 7 Brisbane from 1994\u20131996 and then at Channel 7 Perth from 1997\u20131998.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Colin Bryce", "paragraph_text": "Colin Bryce (born Newcastle upon Tyne, 4 August 1974) is a former Great Britain Olympic bobsledder, now working as a television presenter and producer. He currently works as a sports commentator for the BBC, ESPN, Fox Sports, Eurosport, Channel Five, Channel 4 and CBBC.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Viking: The Ultimate Obstacle Course", "paragraph_text": "Viking: The Ultimate Obstacle Course (\u6d77\u7b4b\u8089\u738b \uff5e\u30d0\u30a4\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\uff5e , Kaikinniku\u014d ~Baikingu~ , literally \"Sea Muscle King VIKING\") , sometimes abbreviated to Viking: TUOC, is a Japanese obstacle course endurance game show using an obstacle course produced by Fuji TV and . The English version of Viking is produced by ESPN2 with two American commentators calling the action. In Europe it airs on Eurosport 2 with the American commentators in the first season and British commentator Colin Bryce in the second. In the Philippines, Viking was aired in TV5 and hosted by Brod Pete, Richard del Rosario, and Gabe Mercardo. In Taiwan on JET TV in its original form with Chinese subtitles and Thailand on Channel 9 MCOT in Thai program \"\u0e41\u0e0a\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e09\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e0a\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e4c\" (Champ VS Champ) in 2009, later this program are broadcast other Japanese game show like Original Iron Chef, Unbeatable Banzuke and Sasuke Ninja Warrior. The entire show is broadcast from Tokyo Bay.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Makoto Nagano", "paragraph_text": "Makoto Nagano (\u9577\u91ce \u8aa0 , Nagano Makoto , born March 30, 1972 in Kitakata, Miyazaki) (sometimes known as the World's Strongest Fisherman) is a commercial fisherman and the captain of his vessel, F/V \"Konpira Maru 50\" (\u7b2c50\u91d1\u6bd4\u7f85\u4e38 ) (He used to be captain of the F/V \"Konpira Maru 28\" (\u7b2c28\u91d1\u6bd4\u7f85\u4e38 ) ) and musician. He is regularly seen on the Japanese television show \"Sasuke\" (\"Ninja Warrior\") where he was one of the \"SASUKE All-Stars,\" a group of favored competitors who were thought to possess the greatest potential in completing the four grueling obstacle courses of Ninja Warrior. He can also be seen on the lesser known precursor to Ninja Warrior, Viking: The Ultimate obstacle course, where he was the only competitor to make it to the final round.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8b78775542997f31a41d3d", "question_text": "Chimaja Appawas the younger brother of a general of the Maratha Empire in India, who served as what to the fifth Maratha Chhatrapati Shahu from 1720 until his death?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["\"Peshwa\" (Prime Minister)"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Shahu I", "paragraph_text": "Shahu Bhonsle (1682\u20131749 CE) was the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire created by his grandfather, Shivaji. Shahu, he was taken prisoner with his mother in 1689 by Mughal General,Nusrat Jang. He came out of captivity by the Mughals and defeated his aunt Tarabai in an internecine conflict to gain the throne in 1708. After the death of Aurangzeb, leading Mughal courtiers released Shahu with a force of fifty men, thinking that a friendly Maratha leader would be a useful ally.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rajaram II of Satara", "paragraph_text": "Rajaram II Bhonsle, also known as Ramaraja, was the 6th monarch of Maratha Empire. He was an adopted son of Chhattrapati Shahu. Tarabai had presented him to Shahu as her own grandson and used him to grab power after Shahu's death. However, after being sidelined, she stated that Rajaram II was only an imposter. Nevertheless, Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao retained him as the titular Chhatrapati. In reality, Peshwa and other chiefs had all the executive power, while Rajaram II was only a figurehead.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Maratha Navy", "paragraph_text": "The Maratha Navy refers to the naval wing of the armed forces of Maratha Empire, which existed from around mid-17th century to mid-18th century in India. The founder of Maratha Empire Chhatrapati Shivaji is considered as the \"Father of Indian Navy\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "New Palace, Kolhapur", "paragraph_text": "New Palace, Kolhapur is a palace situated in Kolhapur, in the Indian state of Maharastra. It was constructed between 1877\u20131884. Being an excellent specimen of architecture built in black polished stone, it has been an attraction for tourists. It has extensive premises with a garden, fountain and wrestling ground. The whole building is eight-angled and has a tower in the middle. The clock on it was fixed in 1877. At separate distances there are small towers. On every glass are painted the events in Shivaji's life. There is a zoo and a ground lake. Even today, it is the residence of Chhatrapati Shahu, the direct descendent of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of Maratha Empire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Maynak Bhandari", "paragraph_text": "Maynak Bhandari was one of the first chiefs or Admiral of the Maratha Navy under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, and helped in both building the Maratha Navy and safeguarding the coastline of the emerging Maratha Empire. Under his leadership, Maratha navy won the battle at Khanderi fort near Alibaug. He was belong to the Bhandari caste. Along with Daria Sarang, another admiral who served Maharaj, Bhandari commanded a naval fleet of 200 ships. Their official titles of Mai Nayak Bhandari and Daria Sarang translate to Water Leader and Sea Captain, respectively. The Maratha Navy was the forerunner of India's present-day Coast Guard. A memorial has been built to Ram Nayak Bhandari at Bhatye Village, close to Ratnagiri town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Baji Rao I", "paragraph_text": "Baji Rao (18 August 1700 \u2013 28 April 1740) was a general of the Maratha Empire in India. He served as \"Peshwa\" (Prime Minister) to the fifth Maratha Chhatrapati (Emperor) Shahu from 1720 until his death. He is also known by the name Bajirao Ballal.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Balaji Kunjar", "paragraph_text": "Baloji Kunjar / Kunjir (17**\u20131816) (Marathi: \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0930 / \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0930) was Maratha Sardar and Minister of Affairs in service of Peshwa Baji Rao II. He was Peshwa Baji Rao II's favorite. After the death of Peshwa Sawai Madhavrao, there was debates for the position of Peshwa among the maratha empire. Balaji Kunjar performed a successful role to convey most friendly declaration and assurance between Baji Rao II and Nana Phadanvis, to appoint Baji Rao II as peshwa of Maratha Empire. Peshwa Baji Rao II and Nana Phadanvis awarded inam (Jagir) to him in 14 villages near Purandhar fort, for his role. He performed successful role in administration of maratha empire and as affairs minister or diplomat (vakil) for Peshwa Baji Rao II. He along with his son Pandoji Kunjar and Narayan, enjoyed the position as Sur-Patil (\u0938\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u091f\u0940\u0932) at Pune Punch Mahals during the era of Peshawa Baji Rao II. He along with his family has long enjoyed the privileges of sar-patil of 360 villages and towns in the Subha of Poona.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Chimaji Appa", "paragraph_text": "Shreemant Chimaji Ballal Peshwa (aka Chimaji Appa)(1707\u20131740) was the son of Balaji Vishwanath Bhat and the younger brother of Bajirao Peshwa of Maratha Empire. He was an able military commander who liberated the western coast of India from Portuguese rule. The high watermark of his career was the capture of Vasai fort from the Portuguese in a hard fought battle.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Maratha emperors", "paragraph_text": "The Maratha emperors, from the early 17th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Maratha Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. ) Their power rapidly dwindled during the 18th century and the last of the emperors was deposed in 1818, with the establishment of the British Raj. At their empire's greatest extent in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled much of the Indian subcontinent, extending from Bengal in the east to Atak and Sindh in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chhatrapati (the Maratha king), but later, they became the leaders of the Marathas, and the Chatrapati was reduced to a nominal ruler. During the last years of the Maratha Empire, Peshwe were instrumental in expanding the Maratha empire to this extent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Balaji Vishwanath", "paragraph_text": "Balaji Vishwanath (Bhatt) was born into a Konkanastha Brahmin (aka Chitpavan) family. The family hailed from the coastal Konkan region of present-day Maharashtra and were the hereditary Deshmukh for Shrivardhan under the Siddi of Janjira. He went out in search of employment to the upper regions of western ghats and worked as a mercenary trooper under various Maratha generals. According to Kincaid & Parasnis, Balaji Vishwanath entered the Maratha administration during the reign of Chhatrapati Sambhaji or the regency of his brother, Rajaram. Later he served as an accountant for the Maratha general, Dhanaji Jadhav, at Janjira. Between 1699 and 1702, he served as the \"Sar-subhedar\" or head-administrator at Pune and from 1704 to 1707 as Sarsubedar of Daulatabad. By the time Dhanaji died, Balaji had proven himself as an honest and able officer.Balaji fell out with Dhanaji's son and successor , Chandrarao Jadhav and went over to the newly released Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shahu who took note of his abilities and appointed Balaji as his assistant (\"c.\"1708).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a843f305542996488c2e51d", "question_text": "When will Flicker, created by a member of One Direction, be released?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["October 20, 2017"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Flicker (album)", "paragraph_text": "Flicker is the upcoming debut studio album by Irish singer and songwriter Niall Horan. It is scheduled for release on October 20, 2017, through Neon Haze Music and Capitol Records. \" This Town\" was released on 29 September 2016, as the album's lead single, followed by 2017 singles \"Slow Hands\" and \"Too Much to Ask\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Only One Direction", "paragraph_text": "Only One Direction is an international production and theatre show about English-Irish boyband One Direction. The band has performed to hundreds of thousands worldwide. In October 2015, Only One Direction - The One Direction Story opened in London's West End.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Up All Night (One Direction album)", "paragraph_text": "Up All Night is the debut studio album by English-Irish group One Direction, released by Syco Records in November 2011 in Ireland and the United Kingdom, followed by a worldwide release during 2012. Four months after finishing third in the seventh series of British reality singing contest \"The X Factor\" in December 2010, One Direction began recording the album in Sweden, UK and the United States, working with a variety of writers and producers. The album is predominantly a pop music album which orientates into pop rock, dance-pop, teen pop and power pop. The album's lyrical content regards being young, relationships, heartbreak and empowerment. Staged in support of the album, One Direction performed the album's songs live on televised shows, at awards ceremonies, and during their worldwide Up All Night Tour.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Midnight Memories", "paragraph_text": "\" Midnight Memories\" is the third studio album by British-Irish boy band One Direction, released on 25 November 2013 by Columbia Records, Syco Music and Sony Music. The album was described as having a \"slightly rockier tone\" than their previous efforts. It has become the fastest-selling album in Amazon UK's history, breaking the record set by One Direction's previous release, \"Take Me Home\" (2012). The album debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, making One Direction the first group in history to debut at number one in the US with their first three albums. The album was preceded by the release of the singles \"Best Song Ever\" and \"Story of My Life\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Louis Tomlinson", "paragraph_text": "Louis William Tomlinson (born Louis Troy Austin; 24 December 1991) is an English singer and songwriter. He is known as a member of the boy band One Direction. Tomlinson began his career as an actor, appearing in ITV drama film \"If I Had You\" and the BBC drama \"Waterloo Road\". In 2010, he became a member of One Direction after being eliminated as a solo artist on the British music competition series \"The X Factor\". Tomlinson is one of the main songwriters of One Direction's repertoire. Following the band's hiatus, Tomlinson released the singles \"Just Hold On\" and \"Back to You\". The latter will be included in his debut studio album, which will be released in 2017 by Epic Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "One Direction: This Is Us", "paragraph_text": "One Direction: This Is Us is a 2013 British-American 3-D documentary concert film centering on British-Irish group One Direction. It opened in the United Kingdom on 29 August 2013, followed a day later in the United States. The movie shows many clips and songs of One Direction.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Liam Payne", "paragraph_text": "Liam James Payne (born 29 August 1993) is an English singer and songwriter. He rose to fame as a member of the boy band One Direction. Payne made his debut as a singer when he auditioned for the British television series \"The X Factor\" in 2008. After being eliminated as a solo performer, he auditioned again in 2010 and was put into a group with four other contestants to form One Direction. One Direction has released five commercially successful albums, performed on four worldwide tours, and won multiple awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "One Direction: Where We Are \u2013 The Concert Film", "paragraph_text": "One Direction: Where We Are \u2013 The Concert Film, also known as One Direction: Where We Are - Live from San Siro Stadium is the second concert film by English-Irish boy band One Direction and the sequel to \"\". The film takes place during the 28 and 29 June 2014 shows of the band's Where We Are Tour at San Siro Stadium in Milan, Italy. It contains a 15-minute interview with the band with exclusive behind-the-scenes footage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Take Me Home (One Direction album)", "paragraph_text": "Take Me Home is the second studio album by British-Irish group One Direction, released on 9 November 2012 by Syco Music and Columbia Records. As a follow-up to One Direction's internationally successful debut album \"Up All Night\" (2011), \"Take Me Home\" was written in groups and has an average of just under five songwriters per track. Largely recorded and composed in Sweden during 2012, Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, who composed One Direction's hits, \"What Makes You Beautiful\" and \"One Thing\", spent six months in Stockholm developing songs for the album, and were able to shape melodies around the members' tones.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Niall Horan", "paragraph_text": "Niall James Horan (born 13 September 1993) is an Irish singer and songwriter. He is best known as a member of the boy band One Direction. In 2010, Horan auditioned as a solo artist for British televised singing competition \"The X Factor\". After being eliminated as a solo performer, Horan joined four other contestants to form One Direction. The band has released five commercially successful albums, performed on four worldwide tours, and won a number of awards.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a75462d5542996c70cfaed3", "question_text": "Who was born first, Kwok Kin Pong or Edison Chen?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Edison Koon-hei Chen"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Almost Perfect (film)", "paragraph_text": "Almost Perfect is a 2011 drama film written and directed by Bertha Bay-Sa Pan starring Kelly Hu, Ivan Shaw, Edison Chen, Roger Rees, Kristy Wu, and Tina Chen. Pan received an HBO Emerging Filmmaker Award at the 2011 Philadelphia Asian American Film Festival for the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Twins Effect II", "paragraph_text": "The Twins Effect II is a 2004 Hong Kong action fantasy film directed by Corey Yuen and Patrick Leung. The film is a sequel to \"The Twins Effect\" (2003), but has a completely different story from the first film. It starred Charlene Choi and Gillian Chung of Cantopop duo Twins in the leading roles. Co-stars include Donnie Yen, Daniel Wu, Edison Chen, Wilson Chen, Tony Leung Ka-fai, Qu Ying, Fan Bingbing and Jim Chim. Jackie Chan also makes a cameo appearance, along with his son Jaycee Chan who is in his debut. The film's original English working title was Huadu Chronicles: Blade of Rose and its US DVD release title is Blade of Kings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mark Kwok (swimmer)", "paragraph_text": "Mark Kwok Kin Ming (also \"Kwok Kin Ming\", ; born June 20, 1977) is a Hong Kong former swimmer, who specialized in middle-distance freestyle but also competed in butterfly and individual medley. He is a two-time Olympian (1996 and 2000), and a bronze medalist at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand. He also holds numerous Hong Kong records in 200, 400, and 800 m freestyle, and retains a dual resident status to compete internationally for his father's homeland. While studying in the United States, Kwok has competed for the USC Trojans, and has received four All-American honors at the NCAA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships in four consecutive seasons.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Edison Chen (EP)", "paragraph_text": "EDISON also known as \u9673\u51a0\u5e0cEDISON was released on November 30, 2000 by Hong Kong pop singer-actor Edison Chen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Edison Chen", "paragraph_text": "Edison Koon-hei Chen (born 7 October 1980) is a Hong Kong film actor, musician, producer, entrepreneur, and fashion designer. Chen is also the founder of \"CLOT Inc.\", and the CEO of Clot Media Division Limited.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lau Kwok Kin", "paragraph_text": "Lau Kwok Kin (; born 17 January 1977) is a fencer from Hong Kong, China who won a bronze medal at the 2006 Asian Games in the men's foil team competition. He also competed at the 2004 and 2008 Olympic Games", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Kwok Kin Pong", "paragraph_text": "Kwok Kin Pong (, born 30 March 1987 in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong professional footballer playing for Hong Kong Premier League club HK Pegasus. He plays as a defender or midfielder. As he resembles Hong Kong artist and singer Edison Chen, he was given the nickname 'Edison'.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Sniper (2009 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Sniper () is a 2009 Hong Kong action thriller film directed by Dante Lam and starring Richie Jen, Edison Chen and Huang Xiaoming, as top snipers for the Hong Kong Police Force. The film was originally set to be released in May 2008, but was delayed due to the Edison Chen photo scandal. This is Chen's final film in Hong Kong as of 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ed Is On", "paragraph_text": "Ed Is On is the first Mandarin language album by Hong Kong singer-actor Edison Chen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kwok Kin Poon", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Kwok Kin Poon (\u6f58\u570b\u9375, 1949- ) was born in Guangdong, China. He is a historian, a teacher, a Chinese calligrapher as well as a columnist. He studied under the renowned Chinese historian, Keng-wang Yen (), at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) in the seventies, and eventually obtained his B.A., M.Phil. degrees, as well as a Diploma in Education from the CUHK. Subsequently, he obtained his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Hong Kong, and a M.Ed degree from the University of Toronto. One of his major contributions to the studies of Chinese History is his book \"The Northern Wei State and Juan-juan Nomadic Tribe\"\u300a\u5317\u9b4f\u8207\u8815\u8815\u95dc\u4fc2\u7814\u7a76\u300b.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae14b5c55429920d52343aa", "question_text": "Luke Rockhold defeated the MMA fighter who was the first to earn a win against which champion in the UFC?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Anderson Silva"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Championship Fighting Alliance", "paragraph_text": "Championship Fighting Alliance (CFA) is a mixed martial arts (MMA) based promotion company located in Miami Lakes, Florida. It was founded by former MMA fighter and promoter Jorge De La Noval in 2011. It has currently produced 10 live events. Fallon Fox, who currently is signed to fight for CFA, is the first openly transgender MMA fighter in history. On May 24, 2013, CFA will be hosting CFA 11, their 11th event at the Bankunited Center located on the University of Miami campus. Fighter 411 reported that CFA had held the most events in Florida during the 2012-2013 season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Chris Weidman", "paragraph_text": "Christopher James \"Chris\" Weidman (born June 17, 1984) is an American mixed martial artist. He is the former UFC Middleweight Champion. He is currently ranked as the #6 middleweight in the world. In 2013, he earned worldwide prominence by becoming the first man to defeat Anderson Silva inside the UFC to become the Middleweight Champion, which he held for approximately two and a half years. Chris Weidman successfully defended the belt three times before losing it to Luke Rockhold.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Demetrious Johnson (fighter)", "paragraph_text": "Demetrious Khrisna Johnson (born August 13, 1986) is an American mixed martial artist. He is the first ever and the current Flyweight Champion of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He currently holds the longest active championship reign at ten title defenses. He is also the #1 ranked pound for pound MMA fighter in the world. Known for his quick striking and elusive movement, Johnson has also landed the most takedowns in UFC Flyweight history and holds the record for the latest finish in UFC history with a submission win at 4:59 of the fifth round against Kyoji Horiguchi. He is also the only UFC fighter to record over 10 takedowns in three different fights.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Skip Hall (MMA)", "paragraph_text": "J. \"Skip\" Hall is a former mixed martial artist and IBM sales manager. At 57, \"Skip\" claimed to be the oldest pro-debuting fighter, and in 2008 at the age of 63 he gained a measure of notoriety as an unusually old combat sports athlete. He was a participant in the Jasper City Slugfest in August 2006 against former UFC Superfight Champion Dan Severn, and retired in 2009 from active MMA fighting after declaring himself \"Oldest Active MMA Fighter in history.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Joanna J\u0119drzejczyk", "paragraph_text": "Joanna J\u0119drzejczyk (] ; born August 18, 1987) is a Polish mixed martial artist and former Muay Thai kickboxer who competes in the women's strawweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. She is the current UFC Women's Strawweight Champion and the third European (and only Polish) champion in UFC history after Bas Rutten in 1999 and Andrei Arlovski in 2005. As of May 2017, she is the consensus #1 female strawweight, and #1 pound-for-pound female MMA fighter in the world. She is also currently the #8 pound-for-pound fighter in the UFC mixed gender rankings, making her the top female on the list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Jamill Kelly", "paragraph_text": "Larry Jamill Kelly (born October 25, 1977) is an American freestyle wrestler. He represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympic Games where he earned a silver medal. Up until August 2010 he was the head coach of Dallas Dynamite Wrestling Club in Dallas, Texas. In 2015, he became a guest wrestling coach for Daniel Cormier, Luke Rockhold and Cain Velasquez, all from the American Kickboxing Academy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dan Henderson", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Jeffery Henderson (born August 24, 1970) is an American former mixed martial artist and Olympic wrestler, who last competed as a middleweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He was the last Strikeforce Light Heavyweight Champion and was the last Welterweight (80 kg ) and Middleweight (95 kg ) champion of Pride Fighting Championships. Additionally, Henderson was the Brazil Open '97 Tournament Champion, the UFC 17 Middleweight Tournament Champion, the Rings: King of Kings 1999 Tournament Champion and the Pride Weltwerweight Grand Prix Tournament Champion. During his career, Henderson also challenged for the UFC Middleweight Championship (2x), the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship and the Strikeforce Middleweight Championship. He was the first mixed martial artist to concurrently hold two titles in two different weight classes in a major MMA promotion. At the time of his retirement after UFC 204, he was the oldest fighter on the UFC roster. Known to be one of the greatest mixed martial artists of all time having defeated a total of seventeen MMA world champions across four major MMA promotions (UFC, PRIDE FC, Strikeforce, and RINGS).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "KHK MMA", "paragraph_text": "The Khalid Bin Hamad Al Khalifa Mixed Martial Arts (KHK MMA) is a martial arts organization based in Bahrain. It was founded under the patronage of His Highness Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa for its current CEO and professional MMA fighter Mohammed \"The Hawk\" Shahid in February 2015. Fighters competing under KHK MMA banner include: former UFC lightweight champion Frankie Edgar, UFC lightweight contender Khabib Nurmagomedov, UFC lightweight fighter Islam Makhachev, Bellator fighter James Gallagher, 2-time IMMAF champion Jose \"Shorty\" Torres, former UFC fighter and current Titan FC contender Alex Soto, and current Desert Force fighter Hamza Kooheji. KHK MMA activities include: coaching pro fighters, developing amateur MMA, promoting martial arts events, fitness gyms, and a sports gear brand.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Luke Rockhold", "paragraph_text": "Luke Skyler Rockhold (born October 17, 1984) is an American mixed martial artist competing in the UFC, where he is the former UFC Middleweight Champion. He won the title on December 12, 2015 by defeating prior champion, the undefeated Chris Weidman via 4th round TKO. He lost his belt in his first title defense against Michael Bisping, who stepped in after Weidman pulled out of their scheduled rematch. A two-time world champion, Rockhold also won the Strikeforce Middleweight Championship by defeating Ronaldo Souza on September 10, 2011 via unanimous decision. Rockhold defended the title twice and was the last man to hold the belt, before Strikeforce was officially taken over by the UFC. He is currently ranked the #2 middleweight and #12 official pound-for-pound fighter by the UFC and other publications like Fight Matrix and Sherdog. Luke is also an avid surfer and skateboarder.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kamen Georgiev", "paragraph_text": "Kamen Georgiev (Bulgarian: \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432 ) is a Bulgarian MMA fighter who competes in the Light heavyweight division. World MMA title holder under ISFA rules 2016. He is a coach of the national combat wrestling team, and an international referee with a FICW license \"A\" class in combat wrestling. Also Kamen Georgiev has won World championships and accolades in multiple sports, most notably in MMA ISFA PRO (Light-heavyweight champion 2016-), World Combat Wrestling Championship(Champion under 100kg, 2015, 2016), World Sanda Championship (Heavyweight Champion 2009, 2011) and FIAS World Combat Sambo Cup(Champion under 90kg, 2014).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab3acc9554299753aec5985", "question_text": "Which genus's family comes first alphabetically, Crepis or Isatis?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Crepis"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "City of Gold (2010 film)", "paragraph_text": "City of Gold is a 2010 Bollywood film released in both Hindi and Marathi languages. The film was directed by Mahesh Manjrekar, who has directed critically acclaimed films in the past like \"Astitva\" and \"Viruddh... Family Comes First\". The film is adapted from the play \"Adhantar\" by Jayant Pawar, who also co-wrote the screenplay, and explores the life of Mumbai's mill workers after they were rendered jobless in the early 1980s, when the Mumbai mills shut down in the post Great Bombay Textile Strike period, and soon made way for skyscrapers and shopping malls. The film opened to mixed reviews, though it was commended for its theme, and acting. The name of the Marathi version of this film is \"Lalbaug Parel\", while the Hindi version was released as \"City of Gold\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sons of the Desert (band)", "paragraph_text": "Sons of the Desert was an American country music band founded in 1989 in Waco, Texas by brothers Drew Womack (lead vocals, rhythm guitar) and Tim Womack (lead guitar, background vocals), along with Scott Saunders (keyboards), Doug Virden (bass guitar, background vocals), and Brian Westrum (drums). The band released \"Whatever Comes First\" for Epic Records Nashville in 1997, and recorded a second album for Epic which was not released. \" Change\" followed in 2000. Counting two singles from the unreleased album, Sons of the Desert charted eight times on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts, including the top ten hit \"Whatever Comes First\"; they were also guest vocalists on Lee Ann Womack's 2000 hit \"I Hope You Dance\" and Ty Herndon's \"It Must Be Love\", both of which reached No.\u00a01 on that chart. Following the band's disestablishment, Drew Womack became a solo artist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Panic Attack (The Paddingtons song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Panic Attack\" is a song by British rock band The Paddingtons, released on 4 April 2005. It is the first single to be taken from their d\u00e9but album \"First Comes First\". Overall, it is the band's second single behind \"21\", which was released the previous year, and which was re-recorded for \"First Comes First\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Viruddh... Family Comes First", "paragraph_text": "Virruddh... Family Comes First (English: \"Against\") is an Indian Hindi drama film, released in 2005, directed by Mahesh Manjrekar. The film stars Amitabh Bachchan, Sharmila Tagore, Sanjay Dutt and John Abraham. \"Viruddh\" is not a musical, instead the soundtrack is primarily used as background. Marathi movie 'Kokanastha' also written and directed by Mahesh Manjrekar has a similar plot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Whatever Comes First (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Whatever Comes First\" is the a debut song written by Drew Womack, Walt Aldridge and Brad Crisler, and recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 1997 as the first single and title track from the album \"Whatever Comes First\". The song reached #10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Crepis", "paragraph_text": "Crepis, commonly known in some parts of the world as hawksbeard or hawk's-beard (but not to be confused with the related genus \"Hieracium\" with a similar common name), is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants of the family Asteraceae superficially resembling the dandelion, the most conspicuous difference being that \"Crepis\" usually has branching scapes with multiple heads (though solitary heads can occur). The genus name \"Crepis\" derives from the Greek \"krepis\", meaning \"slipper\" or \"sandal\", possibly in reference to the shape of the fruit.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Isatis", "paragraph_text": "Isatis is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia. The genus includes woad (\"Isatis tinctoria\").", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mahesh Manjrekar", "paragraph_text": "Mahesh Vaman Manjrekar (Marathi: \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u092e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u091c\u0930\u0947\u0915\u0930 ) (born 16 August 1958) is an Indian film director, actor, writer and producer. He is credited with directing the critically acclaimed films \"\" (1999), \"Astitva\" (2000) and \"Viruddh... Family Comes First\" (2005). He has won a National Film Award and two Star Screen Awards. Besides direction, he has acted in several films, including some of his own productions. He first gained acclaim as an actor for his performance in the 2002 film \"Kaante\", and later played negative roles in the Telugu film \"Okkadunnadu\" (2007) and as the gangster Javed in the film \"Slumdog Millionaire\" (2008). He played the role of Shivaji Maharaj in Marathi film \"Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy\". He also played the role of Harpist Dongara in the \"Aakhri Chunauti\" series of episodes in \"C.I.D.\". Manjrekar was acclaimed for the negative role as inspector D.R. Talpade in the movie Wanted starring superstar Salman Khan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Howard Hobbs", "paragraph_text": "Howard William Thomas Hobbs (born 22 January 1950) is an Australian politician who represented the seat of Warrego in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1 November 1986 until his retirement at the 31 January 2015 state election. He was a member of the National Party of Australia until the Queensland division merged with the Liberal party to form the Liberal National Party of Queensland. Hobbs was Shadow Minister for Local Government and Planning and for Communities from 28 September 2005 until the LNP entered government following the 2012 election. As the longest-serving member of the Legislative Assembly, he presides at the election of Speakers. When he did so in 2009, Dean Wells equaled him in seniority, but Hobbs had taken the oath first because his name comes first alphabetically, so he took the chair as Presiding Member. As Wells lost his seat at the 2012 election, Hobbs alone was the longest-serving member until his retirement at the 2015 state election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Whatever Comes First", "paragraph_text": "Whatever Comes First is the debut album of the American country music band Sons of the Desert. The album was released in 1997 (see 1997 in country music) on Epic Records. It produced three singles for them on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts: the Top Ten \"Whatever Comes First\", as well as \"Leaving October\" and \"Hand of Fate\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8e0d04554299068b959e3a", "question_text": "What country does Haringey Heartlands and The Mall Wood Green have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["London"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Mall Wood Green", "paragraph_text": "The Mall Wood Green is a large shopping centre and residential complex in Wood Green, north London. It is generally still referred to by its former name of Wood Green Shopping City; the signage on the building still uses that name.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Haringey London Borough Council", "paragraph_text": "Haringey London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Haringey in Greater London, England. It is a London borough council, one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London. Haringey is divided into 19 wards, each electing three councillors. Haringey London Borough Council comprises 48 Labour Party councillors, and 9 Liberal Democrats. The council was created by the London Government Act 1963 and replaced three local authorities: Hornsey Borough Council, Tottenham Borough Council and Wood Green Borough Council. The next election to the authority will be in 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "White Hart Lane Community Sports Centre", "paragraph_text": "White Hart Lane Community Sports Centre, also known as the New River Stadium is a rugby league and athletics stadium in Wood Green, Haringey, north London, England that is home to London Skolars rugby league club, Enfield and Haringey Athletic Club, Wood Green Weightlifting Club, Hashtag United F.C. (YouTube based football club), Haringey Rhinos rugby union club, Haringey Cycling Club, and the Next Level Football League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Wood Green Town F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Wood Green Town Football Club was a football club based in Tottenham in the London Borough of Haringey, England. Formed in 1911 as a breakaway from Tufnell Park, they merged with Edmonton (a descendent of Tufnell Park) in 1973 to form Edmonton & Haringey. During their history the club were known as Tufnell Spartans, Wood Green, Wood Green Town and Haringey Borough.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Heartlands High School", "paragraph_text": "Heartlands High School is a state secondary school located in Wood Green in the London Borough of Haringey. It welcomed its first students in September 2010. The headteacher is Mr. Simon Garrill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Haringey Heartlands", "paragraph_text": "Haringey Heartlands is a currently ongoing urban regeneration project in the London Borough of Haringey, in north London, England. The site is located west of Shopping City in Wood Green. The aim of the development is \"to create a vibrant and attractive new urban quarter which acts as the civic and cultural Heart of Haringey, integrating with and benefiting wider communities.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Wood Green tube station", "paragraph_text": "Wood Green is a London Underground station on the Piccadilly line. The station is between Turnpike Lane and Bounds Green stations and is in Travelcard Zone 3. It is located at junction of High Road, Wood Green and Lordship Lane. It serves Wood Green Shopping City and the nearby Haringey Council administrative complex as well as a densely populated residential area. It is also the closest tube station to the Alexandra Palace Venue.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Alexandra Palace railway station", "paragraph_text": "Alexandra Palace railway station (originally named Wood Green and later Wood Green (Alexandra Park)) is in the London Borough of Haringey in north London, and is in Zone 3. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by Great Northern. Trains mostly go to and from Moorgate on weekdays and weekends.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Wood Green War Memorial", "paragraph_text": "The Wood Green War Memorial is located on the High Road, Wood Green, in the London Borough of Haringey. It was erected in 1920 and paid for by public subscription of the people of Wood Green to remember the men of the area who died during the First World War. It was subsequently adapted to include the dead of the Second World War. It is grade II listed with Historic England.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "London Skolars", "paragraph_text": "London Skolars R.L.F.C. are a professional rugby league club based at the New River Stadium, Wood Green, Haringey in north London. They were founded in 1995 and have been professional since 2003, operating in the Kingstone Press League 1 in the 2015 season. They also run an A-team (formerly known as \"Haringey Hornets\") that play in the South Premier Division of the Rugby League Conference.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a861c0d5542994775f606f7", "question_text": "C. Bernard Jackson founded the center that started the career of which actor, who played the part of Marty Castillo in \"Miami Vice\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Edward James Olmos"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Arielle Dombasle", "paragraph_text": "Arielle Dombasle (born April 27, 1953) is an American-born French singer, actress, director and model. Her breakthrough roles were in \u00c9ric Rohmer's \"Pauline at the Beach\" (1983) and Alain Robbe-Grillet's \"The Blue Villa\" (1995). She is best known to American audiences for her appearances on \"Miami Vice\" where she played Kelly in Season 2, episode 12 of Miami Vice. The episode was entitled \"Definitely Miami\". She was also one of the main characters in the 1984 miniseries \"Lace.\" Since 1978 she has released twenty singles and nine albums.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Miami Vice Theme", "paragraph_text": "\"\"Miami Vice\" Theme\" is a musical piece composed and performed by Jan Hammer as the theme to the television series \"Miami Vice\". It was first presented as part of the television broadcast of the show in September 1984 and released as a single in 1985, peaking at the number one spot on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It was the last instrumental to top the Hot 100 until 2013, when \"Harlem Shake\" by Baauer reached number one. It also peaked at number five in the UK and number four in Canada. In 1986, it won Grammy Awards for \"Best Instrumental Composition\" and \"Best Pop Instrumental Performance.\" This song, along with Glenn Frey's number-two hit \"You Belong to the City\", put the \"Miami Vice\" soundtrack on the top of the US album chart for 11 weeks in 1985, making it the most successful TV soundtrack of all time until 2006 when Disney Channel's \"High School Musical\" beat its record.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Edward James Olmos", "paragraph_text": "Edward James Olmos (born February 24, 1947) is an American actor and director. Among his most memorable roles are William Adama in the re-imagined \"Battlestar Galactica\", Lieutenant Martin \"Marty\" Castillo in \"Miami Vice\", teacher Jaime Escalante in \"Stand and Deliver\", patriarch Abraham Quintanilla, Jr. in the film \"Selena\", Detective Gaff in \"Blade Runner\", and narrator El Pachuco in both the stage and film versions of \"Zoot Suit\". In 1988, Olmos was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for the film \"Stand and Deliver\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Firearms in Miami Vice", "paragraph_text": "In the television series, \"Miami Vice\", firearms took a key role. Episodes such as \"Evan\" revolved around them, while the characters themselves also used several firearms during the series. Sonny Crockett (played by Don Johnson) was to have used a SIG Sauer P220, but this was replaced by the then more modern Bren Ten. The importance of the firearms in \"Miami Vice\" is demonstrated by Galco International, which provided the holster used by Don Johnson on the show, naming its holster the \"Miami Classic\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "You Belong to the City", "paragraph_text": "\"You Belong to the City\" is a song written by Glenn Frey (of the Eagles) and Jack Tempchin, and recorded by Frey during his solo career. It was written specifically for the television show \"Miami Vice\" in 1985. The song nearly reached the top of the charts, peaking at number two (behind Starship's \"We Built This City\") on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, although it did reach the top of the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks chart. This song, along with Jan Hammer's \"Miami Vice Theme\", helped the \"Miami Vice\" soundtrack album reach the top spot of the \"Billboard\" 200 chart for 11 weeks in 1985, making it the best-selling album of the year and the most successful TV soundtrack of all time. While Frey performed this song live when touring with the Eagles, he stopped doing so in 2005. A version of the Eagles performing the song can be found on their DVD \"Farewell Tour I: Live from Melbourne\" released that year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Terry Jackson (running back)", "paragraph_text": "Terrance Bernard Jackson (born January 10, 1976) is an American former college and professional football player who was a fullback, running back and special teams player in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons during the 1990s and 2000s. Jackson played college football for the University of Florida, and was a member of a national championship team. Thereafter, he played professionally for the San Francisco 49ers of the NFL. Jackson is now a college football administrator at his alma mater.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Don Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Donald Wayne Johnson (born December 15, 1949) is an American actor, producer, director, singer, and songwriter. He played the role of James \"Sonny\" Crockett in the 1980s television series \"Miami Vice\" and had the eponymous lead role in the 1990s cop series \"Nash Bridges\". Johnson is a Golden Globe\u2013winning actor for his role in \"Miami Vice\", the American Power Boat Association's 1988 World Champion of the Offshore World Cup, and has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jan Hammer", "paragraph_text": "Jan Hammer (] ) (born 17 April 1948) is a Czech-born American musician, composer and record producer. He first gained his most visible audience while playing keyboards with the Mahavishnu Orchestra in the early 1970s, as well as his film scores for television and film including \"Miami Vice Theme\" and \"Crockett's Theme\", from the popular 1980s program, \"Miami Vice\". He has continued to work as both a musical performer and producer, expanding to producing film later in his career.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "C. Bernard Jackson", "paragraph_text": "C. Bernard Jackson (November 4, 1927 \u2013 July 16, 1996) was an award-winning American playwright who founded the Inner City Cultural Center in Los Angeles. Inner City was one of the first arts institutions in the United States to promote multiculturalism. The facility nurtured the careers of numerous performers including Beah Richards, George Takei, Edward James Olmos, Nobu McCarthy and Forest Whitaker.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Philip Michael Thomas", "paragraph_text": "Philip Michael Thomas (born May 26, 1949) is an American actor. Thomas' most famous role is that of detective Ricardo Tubbs on the hit 1980s TV series \"Miami Vice\". His first notable roles were in \"Coonskin\" (1975) and opposite Irene Cara in the 1976 film \"Sparkle\". After his success in \"Miami Vice\", Thomas appeared in numerous made-for-TV movies and advertisements for telephone psychic services. He served as a spokesperson for cell phone entertainment company Nextones, and supplied the voice for the character in the video games \"\" and \"\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adbfffb5542994650320c39", "question_text": "The McKinley Tariff was framed by the representative who was later assassinated in what month?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["September 1901", "September"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Revenue Act of 1913", "paragraph_text": "The Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Tariff Act, the Underwood Tariff, the Underwood Act, the Underwood Tariff Act, or the Underwood-Simmons Act (ch. 16, 38\u00a0Stat. 114 , October 3, 1913), re-imposed the federal income tax after the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment and lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%, well below the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909. It was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on October 3, 1913 and was sponsored by Alabama Representative Oscar Underwood.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "McKinley Tariff", "paragraph_text": "The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress framed by Representative William McKinley that became law on October 1, 1890. The tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost fifty percent, an act designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. Protectionism, a tactic supported by Republicans, was fiercely debated by politicians and condemned by Democrats. The McKinley Tariff was replaced with the Wilson\u2013Gorman Tariff Act in 1894, which promptly lowered tariff rates.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Thomas Bowman (Iowa politician)", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Bowman (May 25, 1848 \u2013 December 1, 1917) was a local official, newspaper publisher, and one-term Democratic U.S. Representative from Iowa's 9th congressional district. Benefiting from an electoral backlash in 1890 against Republicans for their support of the McKinley Tariff, Bowman's election was a rare nineteenth century Democratic win in traditionally Republican southwestern Iowa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "United States elections, 1890", "paragraph_text": "The 1890 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Benjamin Harrison's term. Members of the 52nd United States Congress were chosen in this election. The Republicans suffered major losses due to the Panic of 1890 and the unpopularity of the McKinley Tariff. The Populist Party also emerged as an important third party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sook-ja Kim", "paragraph_text": "Sook-ja \"Sue\" Kim (born 1941) is a Korean-born U.S. singer. She started singing with her sisters in a group called The Kim Sisters at the age of 10 and played 13 different instruments. In 1950, the Korean War broke out and Sue Kim's father, Kim Hae-song, who was a famous Korean symphony orchestra conductor was captured by the North Korean army and later assassinated. Her mother, Lee Nan-young, was left with no home, no food and no money for her and her seven children. Lee was a famous Korean singer who rose to stardom with the song \"Mokpo Tears.\" In 1953, Lee asked the children to perform with her in South Korea's military clubs to support their family. The GIs donated rock and roll records for the sisters to memorize and sing, and in turn the sisters received chocolate bars and alcohol, which they exchanged for food. The GIs that returned to the States spread the word about the talented trio and in 1958, Tom Ball (who later became The Kim Sisters\u2019 manager) heard about the sisters from one of the returning GIs and went to Korea to recruit them for an Asian act that he was producing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Istv\u00e1n Tisza", "paragraph_text": "Count Istv\u00e1n Tisza de Borosjen\u0151 et Szeged (archaically English: Stephen Tisza; 22 April 1861 \u2013 31 October 1918) was a Hungarian politician, prime minister, political scientist and member of Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The prominent event in his life was Austria-Hungary's entry into the First World War when he was prime minister for the second time. He was later assassinated during the Chrysanthemum Revolution on 31 October 1918 - the same day that Hungary terminated its political union with Austria. Tisza supported the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary and was representative of the then \"liberal-conservative consent\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Smoot\u2013Hawley Tariff Act", "paragraph_text": "The Tariff Act of 1930 (codified at ), otherwise known as the Smoot\u2013Hawley Tariff or Hawley\u2013Smoot Tariff, was an act implementing protectionist trade policies sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and signed into law on June 17, 1930. The act raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dingley Act", "paragraph_text": "The Dingley Act of 1897 (ch. 11, 30\u00a0Stat. 151 , July 24, 1897), introduced by U.S. Representative Nelson Dingley, Jr., of Maine, raised tariffs in United States to counteract the Wilson\u2013Gorman Tariff Act of 1894, which had lowered rates. Came into effect under William McKinley the first year that he was in office. The McKinley administration wanted to slowly bring back the protectionism that was proposed by the Tariff of 1890.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "William McKinley", "paragraph_text": "William McKinley (January 29, 1843 \u2013 September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States from March 4, 1897 until his assassination in September 1901, six months into his second term. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish\u2013American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Wilson\u2013Gorman Tariff Act", "paragraph_text": "The Revenue Act or Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894 (ch. 349, \u00a773, 28\u00a0Stat. 570 , August 27, 1894) slightly reduced the United States tariff rates from the numbers set in the 1890 McKinley tariff and imposed a 2% income tax. It is named for William L. Wilson, Representative from West Virginia, chair of the U.S. House Ways and Means Committee, and Senator Arthur P. Gorman of Maryland, both Democrats.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abbc58455429931dba14502", "question_text": "Stephen susco wrote a movie produced by which american film actor?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Sam Raimi"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rafoo Chakkar", "paragraph_text": "Rafoo Chakkar (Hindi: \u0930\u092b\u093c\u0942 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930 ) is a 1975 Indian Hindi movie produced by Nadiadwala and directed by Narender Bedi. The movie was inspired by the American film \"Some Like It Hot\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sam Raimi", "paragraph_text": "Samuel M \"Sam\" Raimi ( ; born October 23, 1959) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor, famous for creating the cult horror \"Evil Dead\" series, as well as directing the original \"Spider-Man\" trilogy (2002\u201307), the 1990 superhero film \"Darkman\" and the \"I Will Rip Your Soul Out\" scene from the 2013 remake of \"Evil Dead\". His most recent film is the 2013 Disney fantasy film \"Oz the Great and Powerful\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Grudge 2", "paragraph_text": "The Grudge 2 is a 2006 American supernatural horror film and a sequel to the 2004 film, \"The Grudge\". Produced by Sam Raimi, the film was directed by Takashi Shimizu (director of the \"Ju-on\" series), written by Stephen Susco and stars an ensemble cast that includes Amber Tamblyn, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Edison Chen, Arielle Kebbel, Jenna Dewan Tatum, Teresa Palmer, Misako Uno, Matthew Knight and Takako Fuji.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Stephen Susco", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Susco is an American film and television screenwriter who is most famous for writing the hit movies \"The Grudge\" and \"The Grudge 2\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Grudge", "paragraph_text": "The Grudge is a 2004 American supernatural horror film and a remake of the Japanese film, \"\". The film was released in North America on October 22, 2004, by Columbia Pictures, and was directed by Takashi Shimizu (director of all previous \"Ju-on\" films) while Stephen Susco scripted the film. The plot is told through a non-linear sequence of events and includes several intersecting subplots. The film was a box office success, making over $187 million against a $10 million budget, though it received only mixed reviews from critics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Beyond the Reach", "paragraph_text": "Beyond the Reach is a 2014 American adventure thriller film directed by Jean-Baptiste L\u00e9onetti and written by Stephen Susco. It is based on the 1972 novel \"Deathwatch\" by Robb White. The film, starring Michael Douglas, Jeremy Irvine, and Ronny Cox, was released on April 17, 2015, by Roadside Attractions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Red (2008 film)", "paragraph_text": "Red is a 2008 thriller film based on a novel by Jack Ketchum and directed by Trygve Allister Diesen and Lucky McKee. It concerns one man's revenge after his beloved dog dies in an attempted robbery. The screenplay was written by Stephen Susco based on the novel. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Grudge 3", "paragraph_text": "The Grudge 3 is a 2009 American direct-to-video supernatural horror film and the third film in \"The Grudge\" series. Toby Wilkins, who had previously directed the successful film \"Splinter\" and the short films \"Tales from the Grudge\", took Takashi Shimizu's place as director who later served as executive producer, while Brad Keene replaced Stephen Susco as screenwriter. The film stars Johanna Braddy, Shawnee Smith and Marina Sirtis, with a special appearance by Matthew Knight (from \"The Grudge 2\"), and was released on DVD on May 12, 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of The Grudge characters", "paragraph_text": "\"The Grudge\" film series features a large cast of characters mainly created by screenwriter Stephen Susco and Takashi Shimizu. The film series focuses on people affected by a deadly curse that spreads like a virus and manifests itself in various ways, such as turning people homicidal or people being haunted, ultimately leading to their demise, if they come in contact with the curse in any way.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Texas Chainsaw 3D", "paragraph_text": "Texas Chainsaw (promoted as Texas Chainsaw 3D) is a 2013 American slasher film directed by John Luessenhop, with a screenplay by Adam Marcus, Debra Sullivan and Kirsten Elms and a story by Stephen Susco, Marcus and Sullivan. It is the seventh installment in \"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre\" franchise and was presented in 3-D. The film serves as a direct sequel to the 1974 film \"The Texas Chain Saw Massacre\" (ignoring the events of the second, and films, not including the remake films). The film stars Alexandra Daddario, Dan Yeager, Trey Songz, Tania Raymonde, Scott Eastwood, Thom Barry, Paul Rae and Bill Moseley, with Gunnar Hansen and Marilyn Burns, who had appeared in the original 1974 film. The story centers on Heather, who discovers that she was adopted after learning of an inheritance from a long-lost grandmother. She subsequently takes a road trip with her friends to collect the inheritance, unaware that it includes her cousin, Leatherface, as well. Filming began in the summer of July 2011, and it was released January 4, 2013.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae2c2c05542996483e64a4a", "question_text": "How many member universities are there in this conference of which the Connecticut Huskies baseball team is a competing member?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["12 member universities", "12"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "American Athletic Conference", "paragraph_text": "The American Athletic Conference (also known as The American and sometimes abbreviated AAC) is an American collegiate athletic conference, featuring 12 member universities and three associate member universities that compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Division I, with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Member universities represent a range of private and public universities of various enrollment sizes located primarily in urban metropolitan areas in the Northeastern, Midwestern, Western, and Southern regions of the United States.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "1979 Connecticut Huskies baseball team", "paragraph_text": "The 1979 Connecticut Huskies baseball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1979 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Huskies were led by Larry Panciera in his 18th and final year as head coach, and played as part of the Eastern College Athletic Conference, a collection of northeastern universities with no other conference affiliation. Connecticut posted a 31\u201313 record, won the ECAC, and reached the 1979 College World Series, their fifth appearance in the penultimate college baseball event. The Huskies lost both games in the College World Series, being eliminated by eventual champion Cal State Fullerton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Washington Huskies baseball", "paragraph_text": "The Washington Huskies baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball team of the University of Washington, located in Seattle, Washington, United States. The program has been a member of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference since the start of the 1960 season, preceded by the Pacific Coast Conference. The team has played at Husky Ballpark since 1998; the on-campus venue was renovated extensively for the start of the 2014 season. Lindsay Meggs has been the program's head coach since the start of the 2010 season. The program has appeared in nine NCAA Tournaments. It has won two Pac-10 North-South Division Playoffs, six Pac-10 North Division Titles, eight PCC North Division Titles, and two PCC Regular Season Championships. As of the start of the 2014 season, 18 former Huskies have appeared in the major leagues.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Connecticut Huskies baseball", "paragraph_text": "The Connecticut Huskies baseball team represents the University of Connecticut, in Storrs, Connecticut in college baseball. The program is classified in the NCAA Division I, and the team competes in the American Athletic Conference. The team is coached by Jim Penders.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of Connecticut Huskies head baseball coaches", "paragraph_text": "The Connecticut Huskies baseball program is a college baseball team that represents the University of Connecticut in the Big East Conference. The Huskies compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. The current head coach is Jim Penders, who will coach his tenth season in 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "J. O. Christian Field", "paragraph_text": "J. O. Christian Field is a baseball stadium in Storrs, Connecticut, United States. It is the home field of the Connecticut Huskies baseball team of the NCAA Division I American Athletic Conference (The American). The stadium holds 2,000 people. It is named after former UConn baseball coach and athletic director, J. Orlean Christian.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1972 Connecticut Huskies baseball team", "paragraph_text": "The 1972 Connecticut Huskies baseball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1972 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Huskies were led by Larry Panciera in his 11th year as head coach, and played as part of the Yankee Conference. Connecticut posted a 20\u20137 record, won the Yankee Conference with an undefeated regular season, swept the NCAA District 1 Playoff and reached the 1972 College World Series, their fourth appearance in the penultimate college baseball event. The Huskies won their first game against <a href=\"\">Texas", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1965 Connecticut Huskies baseball team", "paragraph_text": "The 1965 Connecticut Huskies baseball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1965 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Huskies were led by Larry Panciera in his 4th year as head coach, and played as part of the Yankee Conference. Connecticut posted a 16\u20139 record, earned a share of the Yankee Conference with a 7\u20133 regular season and won the automatic bid to the 1965 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament with a playoff win over <a href=\"\">Vermont", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1959 Connecticut Huskies baseball team", "paragraph_text": "The 1959 Connecticut Huskies baseball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Huskies were led by J. O. Christian in his 24th year as head coach, and played as part of the Yankee Conference. Connecticut posted a 20\u20133 record, earned the Yankee Conference championship with a 10\u20130 regular season to claim the automatic bid to the 1959 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament. They were an automatic selection to the 1959 College World Series for District 1, their second appearance in the ultimate college baseball event. The Huskies lost their first game against <a href=\"\">Penn State", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "List of Connecticut Huskies baseball seasons", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of Connecticut Huskies baseball seasons. The University of Connecticut is a member of the Big East Conference of the NCAA Division I. The Huskies have made five College World Series appearances and seventeen appearances in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship. Conference records for the six seasons that the Huskies competed in the Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference are not currently available.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac42f42554299076e296d88", "question_text": "Who starred in My Dog Skip and Malcolm in the Middle?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Frankie Muniz"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "My Dog Skip (film)", "paragraph_text": "My Dog Skip is a 2000 family drama film, directed by Jay Russell and starring Frankie Muniz, Diane Lane, Luke Wilson, and Kevin Bacon with narration by Harry Connick, Jr. Based on the autobiographical novel of the same name, the film stars Muniz as 9-year-old Willie Morris as he is given a Jack Russell terrier for his birthday, and how the dog fundamentally changes several aspects of his life. \"My Dog Skip\" was released on March 3, 2000, by Warner Bros., receiving generally positive reviews from critics. The film earned $35,547,761 on a $4.5 million budget.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Willie Morris", "paragraph_text": "William Weaks \"Willie\" Morris (November 29, 1934 \u2013 August 2, 1999), was an American writer and editor born in Jackson, Mississippi, though his family later moved to Yazoo City, Mississippi, which he immortalized in his works of prose. Morris' trademark was his lyrical prose style and reflections on the American South, particularly the Mississippi Delta. In 1967 he became the youngest editor of \"Harper's Magazine\". He wrote several works of fiction and non-fiction, including his seminal book \"North Toward Home\", as well as \"My Dog Skip\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bleeker: The Rechargeable Dog", "paragraph_text": "Bleeker: The Rechargeable Dog is a comic strip by Jonathan Mahood about ten-year-old Skip Smalls, his friend Lila, and Bleeker, his electronic dog. The strip is distributed by King Features Syndicate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Arthur Takes Over", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Takes Over is a 1948 American comedy film directed by Malcolm St. Clair and written by Mauri Grashin. The film stars Lois Collier, Richard Crane, Skip Homeier, Ann E. Todd and Jerome Cowan. The film was released on April 7, 1948, by 20th Century Fox.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Justin Berfield", "paragraph_text": "Justin Tyler Berfield (born February 25, 1986) is an American actor, writer and producer, best known for his portrayal of Malcolm's second-oldest brother, Reese, in the Fox sitcom \"Malcolm in the Middle\". He also starred on The WB sitcom \"Unhappily Ever After\" as Ross Malloy. As of 2010, Berfield is Chief Creative Officer of Virgin Produced, a film and television development, packaging, and production company announced in 2010 by the Virgin Group. Virgin Produced is based in Los Angeles, California.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "My Dog Skip", "paragraph_text": "My Dog Skip is a memoir by Willie Morris published by Random House in 1995.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Frankie Muniz", "paragraph_text": "Francisco \"Frankie\" Muniz IV (born December 5, 1985) is an American actor, musician, writer, producer, race car driver, and band manager. He is best known for playing the title character in the Fox television family sitcom \"Malcolm in the Middle\", which earned him an Emmy Award nomination and two Golden Globe Award nominations.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "War Eagle, Arkansas (film)", "paragraph_text": "War Eagle, Arkansas is a feature film based on two real-life friends, Tim Ballany and Vincent Insalaco III, growing up together in Arkansas and facing a crossroads in life as they graduate from high school. The character of \"Wheels\" is portrayed by New York actor Dan McCabe, who convincingly recreates Ballany's Cerebral Palsy. The best friend role of \"Enoch\" is portrayed by Luke Grimes, as a troubled teen who excels at baseball but struggles with stuttering and confidence problems. Other stars in the film include Brian Dennehy, Mary Kay Place, Mare Winningham and James McDaniel. The film was shot entirely in Northwest Arkansas, primarily in Eureka Springs, Huntsville, and Fayetteville, and has won over 20 independent film festival awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor at major festivals such as the Breckenridge Film Festival, the Hollywood Film Festival, and California Independent Film Festival. The film's budget was a modest $1.1 million, and was provided by Executive Producer Vincent Insalaco, Sr. and a group of private investors. Of additional benefit to the film was a grant from Panavision, under a new filmmaker's program, which was based in large part on the screenplay by Graham Gordy, whose other film credits include The Love Guru and My Dog Skip. War Eagle, Arkansas was released in the U.S. by Empire Film Group on June 12, 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Middle Lake Trail", "paragraph_text": "Middle Lake Trail is in the northwestern Sawatch Range, part of the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is located in the Holy Cross Wilderness northeast of New York Mountain in Eagle County. Middle Lake Trail is south of Interstate 70, near Eagle and Edwards. Middle Lake Trail is accessible by hiking south along the Dead Dog Trail from West Lake Creek Road south of Edwards. Dead Dog Trail crosses a ridge and ascends to a junction with the Middle Lake Trail that is 3.3 miles from Dead Dog trailhead, at 11,250 feet. Middle Lake Trail continues east to the top of the ridge, at 11,770 feet, overlooking East Lake Creek Valley. Then, Middle Lake Trail drops off the ridge to Middle Lake. Hiking Colorado: Holy Cross Wilderness, a hiking guide by Kim Fenske, provides a description of Middle Lake Trail access from Dead Dog Trail.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rescue 8", "paragraph_text": "Rescue 8 is a syndicated American action drama series about Los Angeles County Fire Department Rescue Squad 8. It premiered in 1958 and originally ran for two seasons with syndicated reruns continuing for almost a decade thereafter. It starred Jim Davis as fireman Wes Cameron (much later cast as Jock Ewing on CBS's \"Dallas\"), and Lang Jeffries as the fireman Skip Johnson. Nancy Rennick and Mary K. Cleary each appeared in twenty-four episodes as Patty Johnson and Susan Johnson, the wife and daughter, respectively of Skip Johnson. The series was produced by Screen Gems, with directors Dann Cahn and William Witney. \"Rescue 8\" produced seventy-four half-hour episodes. The first season ran on Tuesday evenings, and the second season on Wednesdays.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab3e07e55429969a97a81e5", "question_text": "In the 1962 German Grand Prix, a racer came second. What did this racer found?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Surtees Racing Organisation team"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hideo Kanaya", "paragraph_text": "Hideo Kanaya (Shinjitai: \u91d1\u8c37 \u79c0\u592b , Hideo Kanaya , February 3, 1945 \u2013 December 19, 2013) was a Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Japan. Kanaya began his Grand Prix career in 1967 and won his first Grand Prix at the 1972 250cc German Grand Prix. In 1972, Kanaya and Jarno Saarinen raced the first four-cylinder, two-stroke Yamaha TZ 500 in the 500cc world championship. After Saarinen's death in the 250cc race at the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, the TZ 500 project was put aside and Kanaya raced only in the 250cc class. Kanaya's best season was in 1975, when he finished third in the 500cc world championship behind his Yamaha team-mate, Giacomo Agostini and MV Agusta's Phil Read. He also won the Macau Grand Prix in 1975.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2013 German Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 2013 German Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Gro\u00dfer Preis Santander von Deutschland 2013) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 7 July 2013 at the N\u00fcrburgring in N\u00fcrburg, Germany. The race was the ninth round of the 2013 season, and marked the 74th running of the German Grand Prix overall, and the 60th running of the German Grand Prix since 1950, when the racing series now known as the Formula One World Championship was created. This is the earliest a German Grand Prix has been held in a calendar year, followed by the 1926 and the 2009 editions of the race.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "B\u00f6rje Jansson", "paragraph_text": "B\u00f6rje Jansson (born November 10, 1942 ) was a former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Sweden. His best years were in 1971 and 1972, when he finished third in the 125cc world championship riding for the Maico factory racing team. He won the 1972 125cc East German Grand Prix, marking the first Grand Prix road racing victory for the German motorcycle manufacturer. Jansson won four Grand Prix races in his career. Jansson is the only rider in history to win a Grand Prix riding the Derbi 250 twin (1972 Austrian Grand Prix at the Salzburgring), out of only two races with the Spanish machine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "John Surtees", "paragraph_text": "John Surtees, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (11 February 1934 \u2013 10 March 2017) was an English Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and Formula One driver. He was a four-time 500cc motorcycle World Champion \u2013 winning that title in 1956, 1958, 1959 and 1960 \u2013 the Formula One World Champion in 1964, and remains the only person to have won World Championships on both two and four wheels. He founded the Surtees Racing Organisation team that competed as a constructor in Formula One, Formula 2 and Formula 5000 from 1970 to 1978. He was also the ambassador of the Racing Steps Foundation.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "1959 German Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 1959 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Automobil-Verkehrs- und \u00dcbungs-Stra\u00dfe in West Berlin on 2 August 1959. It was race 6 of 9 in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and race 5 of 8 in the 1959 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the 21st German Grand Prix and was only the second time the race was not held at the N\u00fcrburgring. AVUS had previously held the original German Grand Prix in 1926. The race was held over two 30 lap heats of the eight kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 498 kilometres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1974 German Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 1974 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the N\u00fcrburgring on 4 August 1974. It was race 11 of 15 in both the 1974 World Championship of Drivers and the 1974 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the 36th German Grand Prix and the 33rd to be held at the N\u00fcrburgring complex of circuits. The race was won by Swiss driver Clay Regazzoni driving a Ferrari 312B3. Regazzoni led every lap on the way to his second Grand Prix victory, some four years after his debut victory at the 1970 Italian Grand Prix. South African driver Jody Scheckter was second driving a Tyrrell 007 ahead of Argentine driver Carlos Reutemann (Brabham BT44).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1962 German Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 1962 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the N\u00fcrburgring on 5 August 1962. It was race 6 of 9 in both the 1962 World Championship of Drivers and the 1962 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The 15-lap race was won by BRM driver Graham Hill after he started from second position. John Surtees finished second for the Lola team and Porsche driver Dan Gurney came in third. The race was notable for having six different constructors taking the first six positions.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Brabham BT3", "paragraph_text": "The Brabham BT3 is a Formula One racing car. It was the first Formula One design to be produced by Motor Racing Developments for the Brabham Racing Organisation, and debuted at the 1962 German Grand Prix. The Brabham BT3 was the vehicle with which team owner \u2013 then two-time World Champion \u2013 Jack Brabham, became the first driver ever to score World Championship points in a car bearing his own name, at the 1962 United States Grand Prix. The following year Brabham also became the first driver ever to win a Formula One race at the wheel of an eponymous car, again driving the BT3, at the 1963 Solitude Grand Prix. The BT3 design was modified only slightly to form the Tasman Series-specification Brabham BT4 cars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Klenk", "paragraph_text": "The Klenk-Meteor was a racing car which competed in the 1954 German Grand Prix. The car was based on the established German marque of Veritas which was active between 1948 and 1953. Veritas is chiefly remembered as a manufacturer of sports cars and successful Formula Two racing cars. The company closed when its founder, Ernst Loof, became ill. He subsequently died in 1956. The Klenk-Meteor entered for the 1954 German Grand Prix was essentially a Veritas Formula Two car. The car was owned and prepared by the noted German racing driver Hans Klenk who intended to race it himself in the Grand Prix. However, Klenk's career as a racing driver came to an end when he suffered injuries in an accident while working as a test driver for Mercedes-Benz. The car was driven in the Grand Prix by another German, Theo Helfrich. He retired on lap 9 with engine failure.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Wilco Zeelenberg", "paragraph_text": "Wilco Zeelenberg (born 19 August 1966) is a Dutch former professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and current race team manager. Born in Bleiswijk, he began racing motorcycles in motocross competitions before switching to road racing. Zeelenberg made his Grand Prix debut in the 80cc class in 1986. He won his first and only world championship race at the 1990 250cc German Grand Prix. His best season was in 1991, when he finished the season ranked fourth in the 250cc world championship riding a Honda.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab7ef0f5542991d322237ca", "question_text": "Chandgi Ram won a gold medal in 1970 in a continental multi-sport event held at which city ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Bangkok"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "1970 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "The 6th Asian Games were held from December 9, 1970, to December 20, 1970, in Bangkok, Thailand. Originally Seoul, South Korea was selected to host the 6th Games but it declined due to both financial reasons and security threats from neighboring North Korea but eventually the city finally hosted in 1986. Previous host Thailand stepped in to save the Asiad and staged the Games using the funds of South Korea. A total number of 2,400 athletes, coming from 18 countries, competed in this Asiad, where yachting made its debut.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "1959 Pan American Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 1959 Pan American Games, officially known as the III Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Chicago, United States, from August\u00a027 to September\u00a07, 1959. At the Games, 2,263 athletes selected from 25 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 18 sports. Nineteen nations earned medals during the competition, and eleven won at least one gold medal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chandgi Ram", "paragraph_text": "Chandgi Ram (9 November 1937 \u2013 29 June 2010), often referred to as Master Chandgi Ram, was a freestyle wrestler from India. He won gold medal in the 1970 Asian Games and represented India in the 1972 Summer Olympics. Along with amateur wrestling, he was very active in the traditional Indian wrestling, where he had won all major titles, including Hind Kesari, \"Bharat Kesari\", \"Bharat Bhim\", \"Rustom-e-Hind\" and \"Maha Bharat Kesari\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1963 Pan American Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 1963 Pan American Games, officially known as the IV Pan American Games, was a continental multi-sport event held in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, from April\u00a020 to May\u00a05, 1963. At the Games, 1,665 athletes selected from 22 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 19 sports. Eighteen nations earned medals during the competition and eleven won at least one gold. Barbados, debuting at the Pan American Games, won its first medals (three bronze), while British Guiana won its first ever gold medal. Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua and Paraguay did not send athletes to S\u00e3o Paulo, making it the Games with the lowest number of competitors in history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "1975 Pan American Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 1975 Pan American Games, officially known as the VII Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Mexico City, Mexico, from October\u00a012 to October\u00a026, 1975. At the Games, 3,146 athletes selected from 33 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 19 sports. Twenty-three nations earned medals during the competition, and nine won at least one gold medal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1979 Pan American Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 1979 Pan American Games, officially known as the VIII Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July\u00a01 to July\u00a015, 1979. At the Games, 3,700 athletes selected from 34 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 22 sports. Twenty-one nations earned medals during the competition, and nine won at least one gold medal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1951 Pan American Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 1951 Pan American Games, officially known as the I Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from February\u00a05 to March\u00a09, 1951. At the Games, 2,513 athletes selected from 21 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 18 sports. Seventeen nations earned medals during the competition, and ten won at least one gold medal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1971 Pan American Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 1971 Pan American Games, officially known as the VI Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Cali, Colombia, from July\u00a030 to August\u00a013, 1971. At the Games, 2,935 athletes selected from 32 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 17 sports. Twenty nations earned medals during the competition, and fifteen won at least one gold medal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1967 Pan American Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 1967 Pan American Games, officially known as the V Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Winnipeg, Canada, from July\u00a022 to August\u00a07, 1967. At the Games, 2,361 athletes selected from 29 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 19 sports. Twenty-one nations earned medals during the competition, and eleven won at least one gold medal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "1955 Pan American Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 1955 Pan American Games, officially known as the II Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Mexico City, Mexico, from March\u00a012 to March\u00a026, 1955. At the Games, 2,583 athletes selected from 21 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 17 sports. Seventeen nations earned medals during the competition, and twelve won at least one gold medal.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7e3b585542995ed0d166df", "question_text": "Which film was released first, Home on the Range or Pete's Dragon?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Home on the Range"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Pete's Dragon (2016 film)", "paragraph_text": "Pete's Dragon is a 2016 American fantasy comedy-drama adventure film directed by David Lowery, written by Lowery and Toby Halbrooks, and produced by James Whitaker. The film is a reboot of the 1977 musical film of the same name written by Malcolm Marmorstein. The film stars Bryce Dallas Howard, Oakes Fegley, Wes Bentley, Karl Urban, Oona Laurence, and Robert Redford. The film tells the story of an orphaned feral boy who befriends a dragon in the Pacific Northwest, and the ensuing repercussions of their discovery by the town's local residents.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dragon Ball Z: Dead Zone", "paragraph_text": "Dragon Ball Z: Dead Zone, originally released theatrically in Japan as simply Dragon Ball Z and later as Dragon Ball Z: Return My Gohan!! (Japanese: \u30c9\u30e9\u30b4\u30f3\u30dc\u30fc\u30ebZ \u30aa\u30e9\u306e\u609f\u98ef\u3092\u304b\u3048\u305b\u30c3!! , Hepburn: Doragon B\u014dru Zetto Ora no Gohan o Kaese!! ) for its Japanese VHS and Laserdisc release, is the fourth anime film in the \"Dragon Ball\" franchise and the first one under the \"Dragon Ball Z\" moniker. It was originally released in Japan on July 15, 1989 at the \"Toei Manga Matsuri\" film festival along with the 1989 film version of \"Himitsu no Akko-chan\", the first \"Akuma-kun\" movie, and the film version of \"Kidou Keiji Jiban\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ashes and Light", "paragraph_text": "Ashes and Light is an album by Mark Heard, released in 1984 on Home Sweet Home Records. According to the liner notes, Heard recorded Mosaics first, but the record company wanted this album released first.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dragon Ball: The Path to Power", "paragraph_text": "Dragon Ball: The Path to Power (Japanese: \u30c9\u30e9\u30b4\u30f3\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb \u6700\u5f37\u3078\u306e\u9053 , Hepburn: Doragon B\u014dru Saiky\u014d e no Michi ) , is the seventeenth Japanese animated feature film based on Akira Toriyama's \"Dragon Ball\" manga, following the first three \"Dragon Ball\" films and thirteen \"Dragon Ball Z\" films. It is a re-telling of the original \"Dragon Ball\" anime series, mixing the elements from the first Dragon Ball search and the later Red Ribbon storyline. It was originally released in Japan on March 2, 1996 at the Toei Anime Fair, along with the movie version of \"Neighborhood Story\". The film was produced to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the original \"Dragon Ball\" anime. It was also the last theatrically released Dragon Ball movie produced up until the release of \"\" in 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods", "paragraph_text": "Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods (Japanese: \u30c9\u30e9\u30b4\u30f3\u30dc\u30fc\u30ebZ \u795e\u3068\u795e , Hepburn: Doragon B\u014dru Zetto: Kami to Kami , lit. \"Dragon Ball Z: God and God\") is the eighteenth Japanese animated feature film based on the \"Dragon Ball\" series and the fourteenth to carry the \"Dragon Ball Z\" branding, released in theaters on March 30, 2013. It is the first \"Dragon Ball\" movie in 17 years to have a theatrical release, the last being in 1996, which followed the first three \"Dragon Ball\" films and the thirteen \"Dragon Ball Z\" films. Unlike previous theatrical \"Dragon Ball\" releases, this was a full feature-length production with a stand-alone release and not shown as part of the now-discontinued Toei Anime Fair (formerly the Toei Manga Matsuri).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Home on the Range (2004 film)", "paragraph_text": "Home on the Range is a 2004 American animated musical western comedy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 45th Disney animated feature film, it was the last 2D animated Disney film released until \"The Princess and the Frog\" in 2009. Named after the popular country song of the same name, \"Home on the Range\" features the voices of Roseanne Barr, Judi Dench, Jennifer Tilly, Cuba Gooding Jr., Randy Quaid, and Steve Buscemi. The film is set in the Old West, and centers on a mismatched trio of dairy cows\u2014brash, adventurous Maggie; prim, proper Mrs. Caloway; and ditzy, happy-go-lucky Grace. The three cows must capture an infamous cattle rustler named Alameda Slim for his bounty in order to save their idyllic farm from foreclosure. Aiding them in their quest is Lucky Jack, a feisty, peg-legged rabbit, but a selfish horse named Buck, eagerly working in the service of Rico, a famous bounty hunter, seeks the glory for himself.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Walt Disney Classics", "paragraph_text": "Walt Disney Classics was a brand name used by Walt Disney Home Video on their American, Japanese, European, and Australian home video releases of List of Walt Disney Animation Studios features. The last title in the Classics line from 1984\u20131994 was \"The Fox and the Hound\". With the release of \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", all the existing titles in the Classics line were replaced with the Masterpiece Collection line and the Classics line was canceled in the United States and Canada. Cassette copies of the original Classics series became much sought-after, and are very popular with collectors, since most retailers had the first home video release for Disney animated features in their stores up to the time when the label was discontinued. Animated features and other films containing animation (such as \"Mary Poppins\" and \"Pete's Dragon\") continued to be released under the \"Walt Disney Classics\" label and its foreign language equivalents until around 2007 throughout Europe, and \"Walt Disney Meisterwerke\", the German equivalent series, is still in operation as of 2010 through its broader \"Special Collection\" range.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Midnite Movies", "paragraph_text": "Midnite Movies is a line of B movies released first on VHS and later on DVD by MGM Home Entertainment. The line was begun by MGM in March 2001 following its acquisition of Orion Pictures, which bought out Filmways, the owner of American International Pictures. AIP had a library of B movies from the 1950s and 1960s that were science fiction, horror, and exploitation films. The \"Midnite Movies\" collection is primarily derived from the AIP library (including most of Roger Corman's and Vincent Price's horror movies) but also included Hammer Film Productions, Amicus Productions, United Artists, and Empire International Pictures movies as well. The DVDs were first released as single films but most later releases would be double features on single double-sided discs. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment later became owners of the MGM library and continued the \"Midnite Movies\" line with distributor 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. All double feature titles released on the 20th Century Fox label were two-disc packages. By 2011, no new titles were forthcoming; the previous catalog titles slowly went out of print and the \"Midnite Movies\" website was taken down.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mosaics (album)", "paragraph_text": "Mosaics is an album by Mark Heard, released in 1985 on Home Sweet Home Records. According to the liner notes in \"Ashes and Light\", this album was recorded first but delayed by the record company who wanted the less rock-oriented \"Ashes\" released first. Consequently, this was the first album recorded in Heard's own Fingerprint Recording Studio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dragon Ball: Curse of the Blood Rubies", "paragraph_text": "Dragon Ball: Curse of the Blood Rubies, known in Japan as Dragon Ball during its initial theatrical release and later retitled Dragon Ball: Shenron no Densetsu (\u30c9\u30e9\u30b4\u30f3\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb \u795e\u9f8d\u306e\u4f1d\u8aac , Doragon B\u014dru Shenron no Densetsu , lit. \"Dragon Ball: The Legend of Shenlong\") for its home video release, is the first in a series of feature films in the \"Dragon Ball\" anime franchise, based on the manga of the same name by Akira Toriyama. The film is a modified adaptation of the initial story arc in the manga, with the original character King Gurumes substituting Emperor Pilaf's role as the main antagonist. Like in the manga, it depicts how Goku meets up with Bulma, as well as Oolong, Yamcha, Puar and finally Master Roshi during his first search for the Dragon Balls.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7ba8fc5542995eb53be986", "question_text": "Who was born first, Umar Israilov or Ramzan Kadyrov?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Ramzan Kadyrov"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ramzan Kadyrov", "paragraph_text": "Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov (Russian: \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432 ; ] , Chechen: \u041a\u044a\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0410\u0445\u044c\u043c\u0430\u0442-\u043aI\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0430\u043d, \"Q\u0307adar A\u1e8bmat-khant Ramzan\" ; born 5 October 1976) is the Head of the Chechen Republic and a former member of the Chechen independence movement.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Magomedmurad Gadzhiev", "paragraph_text": "Magomedrasul Saidpashievich Gadzhiev (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0421\u0430\u0438\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0435\u0432 ; born February 15, 1988 in Dagestan) is a Russian Naturalized Polish freestyle wrestler of Dargin heritage. International Master of Sports in Freestyle Wrestling. He is bronze medalist of 2010 Russian Freestyle Wrestling Nationals. At 2015 World Wrestling Championships in the second round he lost to World Champion Frank Chamizo (3-4) European Games 2015 ruuner-up, who competed in the men's freestyle 70\u00a0kg category at the 2015 European Games and won the silver medal. Golden Grand prix Ivan Yarygin 2010 champion, bronze medalist in 2009 and 2011, European Championships 2010 runner-up, Ramzan Kadyrov Cup 3rd 2010 and World Cup 2011 winner. Gadzhiev competed at Olympics 2016, but he lost to Frank Molinaro in the qualifications.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sulim Yamadayev", "paragraph_text": "Sulim Bekmirzayevich Yamadayev (Russian: \u0421\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043c \u0411\u0435\u043a\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432 ; 21 June 1973 \u2013 30 March 2009) was a Chechen rebel commander from the First Chechen War who had switched sides together with his brothers Dzhabrail, Badrudi, Isa and Ruslan in 1999 during the outbreak of the Second Chechen War. He was \"de facto\" commander of the Russian military Special Battalion Vostok unit belonging to the GRU. As such, until 2008, he was officially in command of the biggest pro-Moscow militia outside the control of the current Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov. From 1 to 22 August August 2008 Yamadayev was wanted in Russia on a federal warrant. Nevertheless, he served as one of the Russian military commanders in Russia's war with Georgia during the same period.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kadyrovtsy", "paragraph_text": "Kadyrovtsy (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0446\u044b, \"Kadyrovcy\" , literally \"Kadyrov's followers\"), also Kadyrovites, is a term used by the population of Chechnya, as well as members of the groups themselves, for former members of the paramilitary units of the former pro-Russian President of the Chechen Republic Akhmad Kadyrov, headed by his son and the current President Ramzan Kadyrov.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2010 Tsentoroy attack", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Tsentoroy Attack was an insurgent operation carried out on the morning of 29 August 2010 by Chechen rebels in Tsentoroy (also known as Khosi-Yurt), Chechnya, the home village and stronghold of pro-Moscow Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov. The assault - which represented the largest and most audacious attack launched in the republic for over a year - is considered to have \"shattered\" the image of Kadyrov's unshakeable rule in Chechnya, as it was the first time in six years that his seemingly impregnable village had come under attack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Zamira Dzhabrailova", "paragraph_text": "Zamira Dzhabrailova (born 1991) is the first winner of a controversial beauty contest in Chechnya. Dzhabrailova, a 15-year-old schoolgirl, won the \"Beauty of Chechnya 2006\" contest organised by Ramzan Kadyrov in Grozny on May 27, 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Umar Israilov", "paragraph_text": "Umar S. Israilov (c. 1982 \u2013 January 13, 2009) was a former bodyguard of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov who became a critic of the Chechen regime. He was shot and killed in exile in Vienna, Austria on January 13, 2009.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Akhmat-Arena", "paragraph_text": "The Akhmat-Arena (Russian: \u00ab\u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0442-\u0410\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u00bb ) is a multi-use stadium in Grozny, Russia, named after former President of the Chechen Republic Akhmad Kadyrov. It was completed in May 2011, and is used mostly for football matches. The stadium hosts home matches of FC Terek Grozny. The stadium was designed with a capacity of 30,000 spectators. It replaced Sultan Bilimkhanov Stadium as the home of FC Terek. The grand opening took place on May 11, 2011 and featured a match between the team of Caucasus against the team of World stars. Team Caucasus featured the likes of Alexander Khloponin, Ramzan Kadyrov, Rinat Dasayev, Timur Dzhabrailov, Andrei Fedkov and others. Team World featured Diego Maradona, Lu\u00eds Figo, Roberto Ayala, Franco Baresi, Alain Boghossian and others. Team Caucasus won the game 5 goals to 2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sulim Yamadaev\u2013Ramzan Kadyrov power struggle", "paragraph_text": "The Sulim Yamadaev\u2013Ramzan Kadyrov power struggle was a feud between rival pro-Moscow Chechen warlords that exploded into armed confrontation between Yamadaev\u2019s Special Battalion \u201cVostok\u201d (East) forces and Chechen President Kadyrov\u2019s militia known as the \u201cKadyrovtsy\u201d following an incident in the town of Argun that led to a shootout in Gudermes on 14 April 2008. The struggle resulted in the eventual disbanding of the Vostok battalion and Yamadaev\u2019s assassination in Dubai on 30 March 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Albert Saritov", "paragraph_text": "Albert Ramazanovich Saritov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 ; born July 8, 1985 in Khasavyurt) is a Russian Naturalized Romanian freestyle wrestler of Chechen descent. 2016 Olympics bronze medalist, bronze medalist World Wrestling Championships 2011 in Istanbul, Turkey. Ramzan Kadyrov & Adlan Varayev cup 2012 winner, Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2011 runner-up and winner Ali Aliyev Memorial 2014. He representing for Mindiashvili wrestling academy.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5aba7e2c55429955dce3ee5a", "question_text": "Did Lewis Allen or Danny DeVito play Louie De Palma?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Daniel Michael DeVito, Jr."]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lyc\u00e9e Fran\u00e7ais de Palma", "paragraph_text": "Lyc\u00e9e Fran\u00e7ais de Palma (LFP; Spanish: Liceo franc\u00e9s de Palma ) is a French international school in El Terreno (/), Palma de Mallorca, Spain. It serves \"toute petite section\" through \"lyc\u00e9e\" (senior high school/sixth form college).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Danny DeVito", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Michael DeVito, Jr. (born November 17, 1944) is an American actor, comedian, director and producer. He gained prominence for his portrayal of the taxi dispatcher Louie De Palma in the television series \"Taxi\" (1978\u20131983), which won him a Golden Globe and an Emmy.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Palmanova beach", "paragraph_text": "Palma Nova Beach is seven kilometers (4.3\u00a0mi) from Calvi\u00e0, situated between Punta Nadala and es Carregador, on the Spanish Balearic island of Majorca. Besides Palmanova beach, other names by which the beach is known include \"Playa de Palma Nova\", and \"Platja de Palma Nova\". The Palma Nova sea front has three beaches: Torrenova, Es Carregador, and Palma Nova. The beach has had an extension of 500 m and has needed an artificial regeneration to achieve the current aspect of fine and white sand, as well as its dimensions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mission: Impossible (film)", "paragraph_text": "Mission: Impossible is a 1996 American action spy film directed by Brian De Palma, produced by and starring Tom Cruise. Based on the , the plot follows Ethan Hunt (Cruise) and his mission to uncover the mole who has framed him for the murders of his entire Impossible Missions Force (IMF) team. Work on the script had begun early with filmmaker Sydney Pollack on board, before De Palma, Steven Zaillian, David Koepp, and Robert Towne were brought in. \"Mission: Impossible\" went into pre-production without a shooting script. De Palma came up with some action sequences, but Koepp and Towne were dissatisfied with the story that led up to those events.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wise Guys (1986 film)", "paragraph_text": "Wise Guys is a 1986 black Mafia comedy crime film directed by Brian De Palma and starring Danny DeVito and Joe Piscopo. A comedy revolving around two small-time mobsters from Newark, New Jersey, it also features Harvey Keitel, Ray Sharkey, Lou Albano, Dan Hedaya, and Frank Vincent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Duchess of Palma de Mallorca", "paragraph_text": "Duchess of Palma de Mallorca (Catalan: \"Ducat de Palma de Mallorca\" , Spanish: \"Duquesa de Palma de Mallorca\" ) was a noble title granted for life by King Juan Carlos I of Spain to his daughter, The Infanta Cristina, on 26 September 1997 on the occasion of her forthcoming marriage to I\u00f1aki Urdangarin. Cristina was stripped of her Dukedom by King Felipe VI, her younger brother, on 11 June 2015, due to a corruption inquiry, and the Dukedom was merged again in the Spanish Crown.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bay of Palma", "paragraph_text": "The Bay of Palma (Catalan: \"Badia de Palma\" , Spanish: \"Bah\u00eda de Palma\" ) is a bay located to the south of Palma, Majorca, Spain. It is in the south-west of the Balearic Island of Mallorca. Palma de Majorca's harbour is located on the northern shores along with some famous beaches. It is bounded to the west by Cape Cala Figuera, to the north by the city of Palma, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the east by the White Cape. The Serra de Na Burguesa terminates at its shore.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Palma de Mallorca Airport", "paragraph_text": "Palma de Mallorca Airport (Catalan: \"Aeroport de Palma de Mallorca\" , Spanish: \"Aeropuerto de Palma de Mallorca\" ; IATA: PMI,\u00a0ICAO: LEPA ) is an international airport located 8 km east of Palma, Majorca, Spain, adjacent to the village of Can Pastilla. Also known as \"Son Sant Joan Airport\" or \"Aeroport de Son Sant Joan\", it is the third largest airport in Spain, after Madrid\u2013Barajas and Barcelona. During the summer months it is one of the busiest airports in Europe, and was used by 26.2 million passengers in 2016. The airport is the main base for the Spanish carrier Air Europa and also a focus airport for Ryanair, EasyJet and Vueling.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Palma Metro", "paragraph_text": "Palma Metro (Catalan: \"Metro de Palma\" , Spanish: \"Metro de Palma\" [\"de Mallorca\"] ) is a light metro system in Palma, Majorca, Spain. The initial line of the system, M1, consists of 7.2 km of route and nine stations, and was constructed between 2005 and 2007 at cost of 312 million euros; it opened for service on 25 April 2007. In March 2013, an existing 8.35 km and nine station rail line was bundled in to the metro's service as the system's M2 line.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lewis Allen (director)", "paragraph_text": "Lewis Allen (25 December 1905 \u2013 3 May 2000) was an English director. Allen worked mainly in the United States, working on Broadway and directing 18 feature films between 1944 and 1959. From the mid-1950s he moved increasingly into television and worked on a number of the most popular shows of the time in the US.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae8164d5542994a481bbeb6", "question_text": "Emily Beecham is best known for her role in a televsion series whose second season premiered on what date?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["March 19, 2017"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Hunt with John Walsh", "paragraph_text": "The Hunt with John Walsh is an investigation/documentary series that debuted on CNN on July 13, 2014. The series is hosted by John Walsh. The second season premiered on July 12, 2015, and the third season premiered on June 19, 2016. The fourth season premiered on CNN's sister station, HLN, on July 23, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of Mobile Suit Gundam 00 episodes", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of episodes from the anime series \"Mobile Suit Gundam 00\". The series premiered on October 6, 2007, replacing Toward the Terra on the terrestrial MBS and TBS networks, occupying the networks' noted Saturday 6:00\u00a0p.m. timeslot. The first season ended its run on March 29, 2008. Season one of the series has been re-broadcast across Japan on various television networks such as TBS, Kids Station, MBS and BS-i from April onwards. Season two is being broadcast in the MBS and TBS Sunday 5:00\u00a0p.m. slot since October 5, 2008. The second season ended its run on March 29, 2009. Season two of the series has been re-broadcast across Japan on various television networks such as TBS, Kids Station, MBS and BS-i from April onwards. The English dub of the first season premiered on Syfy (spelled Sci Fi at the time; renamed Syfy during 2000s run on the network) on Monday November 24, 2008 at 11:00\u00a0p.m. and ended on February 9, 2009. The English dub of the second season premiered on Syfy on Monday June 29, 2009 at 11:00\u00a0p.m. and concluded on September 21, 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Little Women: Atlanta", "paragraph_text": "Little Women: Atlanta (often abbreviated to Little Women: ATL) is an American reality television series that debuted on January 27, 2016, on Lifetime. It is the spin-off series of . The series chronicles the lives of little women who are friends living in Atlanta, Georgia. The second season premiered on July 13, 2016. The third season premiered on January 4, 2017 with two new main cast members, Samantha Ortiz and Tanya Scott who replaced Emily Fernandez and Bri Barlup who moved to Dallas, and are currently starring in \"\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of Hemlock Grove episodes", "paragraph_text": "\"Hemlock Grove\" is an American supernatural drama series developed by Brian McGreevy and Lee Shipman, based on McGreevy's novel of the same name. The first season premiered exclusively via Netflix's web streaming service on April 19, 2013. The second season premiered on July 11, 2014. The third and final 10-episode season premiered on October 23, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Into the Badlands (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Into the Badlands is an American television series that premiered on AMC November 15, 2015. The series features a story about a warrior and a young boy who journey through a dangerous feudal land together seeking enlightenment. AMC renewed the show for a 10-episode second season, which premiered on March 19, 2017. On April 25, 2017, AMC renewed the series for a 16-episode third season.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Emily Beecham", "paragraph_text": "Emily Beecham is an English-American actress. She is best known for her role in the AMC television series \"Into the Badlands\". In 2011, she received the Best Actress award at the London Independent Film Festival.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of Undercover Boss (U.S. TV series) episodes", "paragraph_text": "\"Undercover Boss\" is an American 2010 reality television series, based on the British series of the same name. The first episode of the first season premiered on February 7, 2010, after Super Bowl XLIV, and featured Bob O'Donnell, President and Chief Operating Officer of Waste Management, Inc. On March 9, 2010, CBS announced it had renewed \"Undercover Boss\" for a second season. On July 28, 2010, CBS announced four company executives had signed up for the second season of \"Undercover Boss\", the executives are from NASCAR, DirecTV, Chiquita Brands International and Great Wolf Lodge, Inc. The Choice Hotels CEO, Steve Joyce, was the first boss for the second season of the show on September 26, 2010. On March 27, 2011, CBS officially renewed \"Undercover Boss\" for a third season. On May 18, 2011, CBS then announced that it would be holding the show for a mid-season replacement to premiere Sunday January 15, 2012, with an undetermined amount of episodes. The third season premiered on January 15, 2012. The fourth season premiered on November 2, 2012. The fifth season premiered on September 27, 2013. The sixth season premiered on December 14, 2014. The eighth season premiered on December 21, 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of Robot Chicken episodes", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of episodes for the stop-motion television series \"Robot Chicken\". The first episode of \"Robot Chicken\" aired on February 20, 2005 at 11:30 PM EST on Adult Swim and the first season finished on July 18, 2005. The second season began on April 2, 2006 and ended on November 19, 2006. The show's third season premiered on August 12, 2007 and ended on October 5, 2008. The fourth season premiered on December 7, 2008 and ended on December 6, 2009. The series was put on hiatus after the fourth-season finale on December 6, 2009, and resumed with the fifth season on December 12, 2010, which ended on January 15, 2012. The sixth season premiered on September 16, 2012 and included a half-hour special based on DC Comics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Are You the One? episodes", "paragraph_text": "\"Are You the One? \" is a United States reality television series on MTV. It follows 20 people who are living together to find their perfect match. If all 20 singles are able to match up with their predetermined partners within 10 attempts, they share the largest cash prize ever awarded by an MTV show and walk away with a potential partner for life. The first season was filmed in Hawaii and premiered January 21, 2014. The second season premiered October 6, 2014. The third season premiered September 25, 2015 and was filmed in Puerto Rico. The fourth season premiered June 13, 2016 and was filmed in Hawaii. The fifth season premiered on January 11, 2017 and was filmed in Cabarete, Dominican Republic. The sixth season will premiere on September 20, 2017 and was filmed in New Orleans, Louisiana.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gypsy Sisters", "paragraph_text": "Gypsy Sisters was an American reality television series on TLC. The series debuted on February 10, 2013. It follows the daily life of Romanichal women located in Martinsburg, West Virginia. The series serves as a spin-off to its sister show \"My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding\". The second season premiered on December 5, 2013. The third season premiered August 21, 2014. The fourth season premiered on May 31, 2015. TLC officially cancelled the series on July 30, 2015 due to low ratings.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abe34095542993f32c2a088", "question_text": "How long did The Shire of Flinders, which encompassed the extremity of the Mornington Peninsula located south-east of Melbourne, Australia, exist?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1874 until 1994"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery", "paragraph_text": "Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery is a public art gallery on the Mornington Peninsula, south-east of Melbourne, Australia. The gallery opened in 1971, and holds both traditional and contemporary Australian art. In 2013 the gallery hosted an exhibition of Archibald Prize paintings, setting a gallery attendance record of 48,000. The gallery is host to the National Works on Paper acquisitive art competition, established in 1998. Artists whose work is held by the Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery include Constance Stokes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Merricks Beach, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Merricks Beach is a small seaside village on the Mornington Peninsula Victoria, Australia. It is located on the eastern side of the peninsula on Western Port Bay. It is one of the few coastal places within a 100\u00a0km radius of Melbourne that has been basically untouched by development. Its local government area is the Shire of Mornington Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mornington Peninsula", "paragraph_text": "The Mornington Peninsula is a peninsula located south-east of Melbourne, Australia. It is surrounded by Port Phillip to the west, Western Port to the east and Bass Strait to the south, and is connected to the mainland in the north. Geographically, the peninsula begins its protrusion from the mainland in the area between Pearcedale and Frankston. The area was originally home to the \"Mayone-bulluk\" and \"Boonwurrung-Balluk\" clans and formed part of the Boonwurrung nation's territory prior to European settlement.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Balnarring, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Balnarring is a town in Victoria, Australia, in the southeastern Mornington Peninsula about halfway between Hastings and Flinders. Its local government area is the Shire of Mornington Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Shire of Flinders (Victoria)", "paragraph_text": "The Shire of Flinders was a local government area, encompassing the extremity of the Mornington Peninsula, about 65 km south of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The shire covered an area of 324 km2 , and existed from 1874 until 1994.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Flinders, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Flinders once known as Mendi-Moke, is a town south of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, located on the Mornington Peninsula at the point where Western Port meets Bass Strait. Its local government area is the Shire of Mornington Peninsula. At the 2011 census, Flinders had a population of 860.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Somers, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Somers is a small town approximately 72\u00a0km south-east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, in the south-eastern corner of the Mornington Peninsula on Western Port. Its local government area is the Shire of Mornington Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mornington, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Mornington is a seaside town on the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria, Australia, located 57 km south of Melbourne's central business district. It is in the local government area of the Shire of Mornington Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Shire of Mornington (Victoria)", "paragraph_text": "The Shire of Mornington was a local government area about 50 km south of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia, encompassing the western extremity of the Mornington Peninsula. The shire covered an area of 90.65 km2 immediately to the south of Frankston, and existed from 1960 until 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Merricks, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Merricks is a small town in Victoria, Australia in the southeastern Mornington Peninsula between Hastings and Flinders. Its local government area is the Shire of Mornington Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adfda5255429942ec259b5e", "question_text": "What county in Minnesota holds a 202 lb slab of greywacke covered in runes?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Douglas"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Johnny Hetki", "paragraph_text": "John Edward Hetki (born May 12, 1922) is a former long relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Cincinnati Reds, St. Louis Browns and Pittsburgh Pirates in all or parts of eight seasons spanning 1945\u201354. Listed at 6 ft , 202 lb , Hetki batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Leavenworth, Kansas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Matumona Lundala", "paragraph_text": "Matumona Lundala known most simply as Goliath (born August 1, 1972 in Esperan\u00e7a) is an Angolan goalkeeper who won the 2005 Angolan Cup with Sagrada Esperan\u00e7a. He is measured at 1.81\u00a0m (5\u00a0ft 11 in) and 92\u00a0kg (202\u00a0lb or 14 st 4 lb ). He was also a member of the Angolan squad at the African Cup of Nations in 2006 acting as experienced back-up for first-choice shotstopper Jo\u00e3o Ricardo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Enid Lake", "paragraph_text": "Enid Lake is a lake that is located mostly in Yalobusha County in the U.S. state of Mississippi. Parts of it extend into Panola and Lafayette counties. Common fish species include crappie, largemouth bass, catfish and bream. Enid Lake holds world records for white crappie 5.3 lb and shortnose gar 5.83 lb .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Slab Fork, West Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Slab Fork is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States with a population of 202. Slab Fork is located along a stream of the same name and West Virginia Route 54. The ZIP code for Slab Fork is 25920.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Witthoefft House", "paragraph_text": "Witthoefft House is a historic home located at Armonk, Westchester County, New York. It was built in 1957, and is a one-story, Modernist style dwelling on a concrete slab foundation and stone covered concrete retaining walls. It features exposed structural steel, white glazed-brick walls, and full elevations of glass. The house is perched atop rock outcroppings in a semi-rural setting.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gamera: Guardian of the Universe", "paragraph_text": "A ship carrying plutonium collides with a floating atoll off the eastern coast of the Philippines, one of many incidents occurring throughout the area. As the anomalous formation approaches Japan, a team of scientists led by Naoya Kusanagi (Akira Onodera) discover orihalcum amulets and a stone slab covered in Etrurian runes on the atoll. During the investigation, the atoll suddenly quakes, destroying the slab and throwing the scientists into the ocean. One member of the team, Marine Officer Yoshinari Yonemori (Tsuyoshi Ihara), sees the eye and tusk of a giant turtle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Kensington Runestone", "paragraph_text": "The Kensington Runestone is a 202 lb slab of greywacke covered in runes on its face and side.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bridge No. 3355-Kathio Township", "paragraph_text": "Bridge Number 3355 in Kathio Township, in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, is a concrete slab bridge that carries U.S. Route\u00a0169 (US\u00a0169) over Whitefish Creek near Mille Lacs Lake. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance, especially the ornamental stonework as designed by the National Park Service and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kensington, Minnesota", "paragraph_text": "Kensington is a city in Douglas County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 292 at the 2010 census. The city is notable in Minnesota history for being the place where the famous, if questionable, Kensington Runestone was first displayed. The stone tablet may indicate that Scandinavians had come to Minnesota in the 14th century. It is now at a museum in nearby Alexandria, Minnesota.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Yarmouth Runic Stone", "paragraph_text": "The Yarmouth Runic Stone, also known as the Fletcher Stone, is a slab of quartzite that first came to the attention of the public in the early 19th Century. The stone appears to have an inscription carved into it, which some investigators, notably Henry Phillips, Jr., have interpreted as Norse runes. This has led to speculation that the Yarmouth, Nova Scotia area, in Canada, was visited by Viking explorers sometime around 1000 C.E. Many other theories have been put forward, including the possibility of a hoax or the inscription being a product of natural forces. The Stone is currently on display at the Yarmouth County Museum.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a713b325542994082a3e6b5", "question_text": "What was the capital of India when the Taj Mahal was commissioned?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Agra"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Black Taj Mahal", "paragraph_text": "The Black Taj Mahal (\"Black Taj\", \"Kaala Taj\", also \"the 2nd Taj\") is a legendary black marble mausoleum that is said to have been planned to be built across the Yamuna River opposite the Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Mughal emperor Shah Jahan is said to have desired a mausoleum for himself similar to that of the one he had built in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel", "paragraph_text": "The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel (Marathi: \u0924\u093e\u091c\u092e\u0939\u0932 \u0939\u0949\u091f\u0947\u0932) is a \"Heritage Grand\" class five-star hotel in the Colaba region of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, next to the Gateway of India. Historically it was known as the \"Taj Mahal Hotel\" or the \"Taj Palace Hotel\". or simply \"the Taj\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Taj corridor case", "paragraph_text": "The Taj Heritage Corridor case is an alleged scam wherein 2002\u20132003, the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mayawati and a minister in her government, Nasimuddin Siddiqui, were charged with corruption. The Taj Corridor project was intended to upgrade tourist facilities near the Taj Mahal and was to be implemented during her tenure as Chief Minister. The then BJP government at the Centre gave the Environmental Clearance required for the project near Taj Mahal. However, later on the BJP backed out and then started saying that the project was not cleared by the Environment Ministry and blamed Mayawati for starting construction work near the Taj Mahal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Taj Mahal, Bulandshahar", "paragraph_text": "Taj Mahal or Mini Taj Mahal or Qadri's Taj Mahal, officially known as Maqbara Yadgare Mohabbat Tajammuli Begum is a replica of the historic Taj Mahal of Agra located in Kaser Kalan, a small village in Bulandshahar of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by 81 years old a retired postmaster, Faizul Hasan Qadri in the memory of his dead wife Tajamulli Begum, who died due to throat cancer in 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Taj Mahal Bangladesh", "paragraph_text": "Taj Mahal Bangladesh (Bengali: \u09a4\u09be\u099c \u09ae\u09b9\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 )is a scaled copy of the original Taj Mahal (a Mughal mausoleum located in Agra, India) located 10 miles east of the Bangladeshi capital, Dhaka in Sonargaon. Unlike the original, work on the building took only five years. Ahsanullah Moni, a wealthy Bangladeshi film-maker, announced his 'Copycat version of Taj Mahal' project in December 2008. The project cost about USD$56 Million, and was built 20 miles northeast of Capital Dhaka. Moni has explained that he built a replica of the Taj Mahal so that the poor of his nation can realise their dream of seeing neighbouring India's famed monument. This caused complaints from Indian officials, \"You can't just go and copy historical monuments\" an official of Indian High Commission in Dhaka told press.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "R. Chandru", "paragraph_text": "R. Chandru is a Kannada film writer and director. He debuted with the successful 2008 film \"Taj Mahal\". The huge success of \"Taj Mahal\" film, he popularly came to be known as Taj Mahal Chandru in the media.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Taj Mahal (1963 film)", "paragraph_text": "Taj Mahal is a 1963 film based on the historical legend of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. As per the legend Shah Jahan created the Taj Mahal in fond remembrance and as a tomb for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Kester Smith", "paragraph_text": "Kester \"Smitty\" Smith is an American percussionist. He is the drummer for the Taj Mahal Trio and has collaborated with jazz, blues and world musicians. He has performed with and alongside Taj Mahal for over forty years. He has recorded music with Taj Mahal, Geoff Muldaur, Peter Rowan, Cedella Booker, Morgan Freeman, Ellen McIlwaine, Mary Coughlan and Pinetop Perkins.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Agra Fort", "paragraph_text": "Agra Fort is a historical fort in the city of Agra in India. It was the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal Dynasty till 1638, when the capital was shifted from Agra to Delhi. The Agra fort is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is about 2.5\u00a0km northwest of its more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled city.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Taj Mahal", "paragraph_text": "The Taj Mahal ( , more often ; meaning Crown of the Palace) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (reigned 1628\u20131658), to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 42 acre complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8327fd5542990548d0b1a3", "question_text": "Forest Hill, Texas is a suburb of which fifth-largest city in the state?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Fort Worth"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Forest Hill Chase Shopping Centre", "paragraph_text": "Forest Hill Chase Shopping Centre is a major regional shopping centre located in the eastern suburb of Forest Hill in Melbourne, Australia. Owned by Blackstone and managed by JLL, the centre is among the oldest in Victoria, opening on 30 June 1964 as an outdoor strip shopping centre, before being developed over the years into its current three level indoor form. Currently, Forest Hill Chase contains 200 stores and over 3500 free car parking spaces. The centre has three supermarkets, two discount department stores and one traditional department store spread across 3 levels. The architecture is distinguished by a roof of polycarbonate construction with a barrel vault design.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Forest Hill, Oxfordshire", "paragraph_text": "Forest Hill is a village in Forest Hill with Shotover civil parish in Oxfordshire, about 4.5 mi east of Oxford. The village about 330 ft above sea level is on the northeastern brow of a ridge of hills. The highest point of the ridge is Red Hill, which rises to 440 ft just south of the village. The 2011 Census recorded Forest Hill with Shotover's population as 856.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Forest Hill, New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "Forest Hill is a suburb of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Forest Hill is located approximately 10\u00a0km east of the central business district on the Sturt Highway. RAAF Base Wagga, Wagga Wagga Airport and the Bureau of Meteorology Regional Office are located at Forest Hill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Fort Worth, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Fort Worth is the 16th-largest city in the United States and the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas. The city is in North Central Texas and covers nearly 350 sqmi in the counties of Denton, Parker, Wise, and Tarrant, of which it is the county seat. According to the 2016 census estimates, Fort Worth's population is 854,113. The city is the second-largest in the Dallas\u2013Fort\u00a0Worth\u2013Arlington metropolitan area (the \"DFW Metroplex\").", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Forest Hill, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Forest Hill is a suburb of Fort Worth in Tarrant County, Texas, United States. The population was 12,355 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Forest Hill Pools", "paragraph_text": "Forest Hill Pools is a local leisure centre in Forest Hill, London. After being closed in 2006, it was rebuilt including two pools and a health and fitness suite and reopened in September 2012. It is located close to Forest Hill railway station, Forest Hill Library and Sydenham School.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Forest Hill with Shotover", "paragraph_text": "Forest Hill with Shotover is a civil parish covering 7.56km\u00b2 of South Oxfordshire approximately centred 3 mi east of Oxford. Its population in 2011 was 856, almost exclusively in the villages of Forest Hill, hamlets of Shotover Cleve and Shotover Edge. It includes a country estate at Shotover Park. Forest Hill with Shotover was formed in 1881 by the merger of three smaller civil parishes: Forest Hill, Shotover and Shotover Hill Place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Forest Hill (electoral district)", "paragraph_text": "Forest Hill was a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada. It was created prior to the 1963 provincial election and eliminated in 1975. Forest Hill riding was located in the former village of Forest Hill and the borough of York east of Dufferin Street. It had a large Jewish community, representing about 30% of the population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Forest Hill, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Forest Hill is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 18\u00a0km east of Melbourne's Central Business District. Its local government area is the City of Whitehorse. At the 2011 Census, Forest Hill had a population of 10,052. Forest Hill was recently ranked 93rd on Melbourne's most liveable suburb list, which was higher than other nearby popular suburbs such as Bentleigh, Mount Waverley and Glen Waverley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Forest Hill, Ohio", "paragraph_text": "Forest Hill is an historic neighborhood spanning parts of Cleveland Heights and East Cleveland, Ohio, and is bordered to the north by Glynn Road, the south by Mayfield Road, by Lee Boulevard to the west and North Taylor Road to the east. Forest Hill was once the beloved summer home of oil magnate John D. Rockefeller and his family. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. purchased the estate from his father in 1923 and, with New York City architect Andrew J. Thomas, planned an upscale residential and commercial development featuring distinctive French Norman style architecture. Although the Great Depression forced Rockefeller to suspend operations, following World War II others were drawn to Forest Hill to build comfortable colonial and contemporary ranch homes on the remaining open land. Design principles of the Rockefeller-Thomas plan were extended to the later development and today Forest Hill is a rich tapestry of people, homes and gardens.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab9bb8355429970cfb8eb8b", "question_text": "At what school is the individual who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with David J. Wineland, a professor?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Coll\u00e8ge de France"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine", "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish: \"Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin\" ) is awarded annually by the Swedish Karolinska Institute to scientists and doctors in the various fields of physiology or medicine. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members and an executive secretary elected by the Karolinska Institute. While commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Medicine, Nobel specifically stated that the prize be awarded for \"physiology or medicine\" in his will. Because of this, the prize can be awarded in a broader range of fields. The first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 1901 to Emil Adolf von Behring, of Germany. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, von Behring received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2008. In 2013, the prize was awarded to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. S\u00fcdhof; they were recognised \"after discovering how cells precisely transport material\". The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Duncan Haldane", "paragraph_text": "Frederick Duncan Michael Haldane {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (born 14 September 1951), known as F. Duncan Haldane, is a British born physicist who is Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics at the physics department of Princeton University, and a Distinguished Visiting Research Chair at Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. He won the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics with David J. Thouless and John Michael Kosterlitz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry", "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish: \"Nobelpriset i kemi\" ) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896. These prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, van 't Hoff received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Serge Haroche", "paragraph_text": "Serge Haroche (born 11 September 1944) is a French physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with David J. Wineland for \"ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems\", a study of the particle of light, the photon. This and his other works developed laser spectroscopy. Since 2001, Haroche is a Professor at the Coll\u00e8ge de France and holds the Chair of Quantum Physics. In 1971 he defended his doctoral thesis in physics at the University of Paris VI, his research has been conducted under the direction of Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "paragraph_text": "Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: \"Nobelpriset i litteratur\" ) has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced \"in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction\" (original Swedish: \"den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framst\u00e5ende verket i en idealisk riktning\"). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here \"work\" refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of female Nobel laureates", "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Chemistry, Physics, Literature, Peace, Physiology or Medicine and Economics. All but the economics prize were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel prize in Economics, or The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for outstanding contributions in the field of Economics. Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Swedish Academy awards the Prize in Literature, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Englert", "paragraph_text": "Fran\u00e7ois Baron Englert (] ; born 6 November 1932) is a Belgian theoretical physicist and 2013 Nobel prize laureate (shared with Peter Higgs). He is Professor emeritus at the Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB) where he is member of the Service de Physique Th\u00e9orique. He is also a Sackler Professor by Special Appointment in the School of Physics and Astronomy at Tel Aviv University and a member of the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California. He was awarded the 2010 J.\u00a0J.\u00a0Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics (with Gerry Guralnik, C.\u00a0R.\u00a0Hagen, Tom Kibble, Peter Higgs, and Robert Brout), the Wolf Prize in Physics in 2004 (with Brout and Higgs) and the High Energy and Particle Prize of the European Physical Society (with Brout and Higgs) in 1997 for the mechanism which unifies short and long range interactions by generating massive gauge vector bosons. He has made contributions in statistical physics, quantum field theory, cosmology, string theory and supergravity. He is the recipient of the 2013 Prince of Asturias Award in technical and scientific research, together with Peter Higgs and the CERN.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nobel Prize in Physics", "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Physics (Swedish: \"Nobelpriset i fysik\" ) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "David J. Wineland", "paragraph_text": "David Jeffrey Wineland (born February 24, 1944) is an American Nobel-laureate physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) physics laboratory. His work has included advances in optics, specifically laser cooling trapped ions and using ions for quantum computing operations. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Serge Haroche, for \"ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Brian Josephson", "paragraph_text": "Brian David Josephson, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (born 4 January 1940), is a Welsh theoretical physicist and professor emeritus of physics at the University of Cambridge. Best known for his pioneering work on superconductivity and quantum tunnelling, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his prediction of the Josephson effect, made in 1962 when he was a 22-year-old PhD student at Cambridge University. Josephson is the only Welshman to have won a Nobel Prize in Physics. He shared the prize with physicists Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever, who jointly received half the award for their own work on quantum tunnelling.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f799d55429918e830d22d", "question_text": "Which genus has the most number of species, Myrsine or Styrax?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Myrsine"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Styrax", "paragraph_text": "Storax or snowbell is the common names of Styrax, a genus of about 130 species of large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae, mostly native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the majority in eastern and southeastern Asia, but also crossing the equator in South America. The resin obtained from the tree is called storax or benzoin (not to be confused with the \"Liquidambar\" storax balsam).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Styrax crotonoides", "paragraph_text": "Styrax crotonoides is a species of plant in the genus \"Styrax\" and family Styracaceae. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Rapanea", "paragraph_text": "Rapanea is a genus of plant in family Primulaceae. It has often been placed in synonymy with \"Myrsine\", and many species have been moved to \"Myrsine\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Benzoin (resin)", "paragraph_text": "Benzoin or benjamin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus \"Styrax\". It is used in perfumes, some kinds of incense, as a flavoring, and medicine (see tincture of benzoin). It is distinct from the chemical compound benzoin, which is ultimately derived from benzoin resin; the resin, however, does not contain this compound.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Styrax fraserensis", "paragraph_text": "Styrax fraserensis is a species of flowering plant in the genus \"Styrax\" and family Styracaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Myrsine", "paragraph_text": "Myrsine is a genus of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. It was formerly placed in the family Myrsinaceae before this was merged into the Primulaceae. It is found nearly worldwide, primarily in tropical and subtropical areas. It contains about 200 species, including several notable radiations, such as the matipo of New Zealand and the k\u014dlea of Hawai\u02bb i (the New Zealand \"black matipo\", \"Pittosporum tenuifolium\", is not related to \"Myrsine\"). In the United States, members of this genus are known as colicwood. Some species, especially \"M. africana\", are grown as ornamental shrubs.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Styrax vilcabambae", "paragraph_text": "Styrax vilcabambae (syn. \"Pamphilia vilcabambae\" D.R.Simpson) is a species of flowering plant in the genus \"Styrax\" and the family Styracaceae. It is endemic to Peru.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pterostyrax", "paragraph_text": "Pterostyrax, the epaulette tree, is a small genus of four species of deciduous large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae, native to eastern Asia in China and Japan. They grow 4 - tall, with alternate, simple ovate leaves 6 - long and 4 - broad. The flowers are white, produced in dense panicles 8 - long. The fruit is an oblong dry drupe, with longitudinal ribs or narrow wings (the wings are absent in the related genus \"Styrax\", whence the name \"Pterostyrax\", \"winged styrax\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Styrax litseoides", "paragraph_text": "Styrax litseoides is a species of flowering plant in the genus \"Styrax\" and family Styracaceae. It is endemic to Vietnam.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ardisia", "paragraph_text": "Ardisia (coralberry or marlberry) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. It was in the former Myrsinaceae family now recognised as the myrsine sub-family Myrsinoideae. They are distributed in the Americas, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, mainly in the tropics. There are 400 to 500 species.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a82301155429926c1cdae4a", "question_text": "How much was Ammon Bundy's son ordered to pay in grazing fees?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["over $1 million"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Cliven Bundy", "paragraph_text": "Cliven D. Bundy (born April 29, 1946) is an American cattle rancher from Bunkerville, Nevada who is currently federally incarcerated and awaiting trial with bail denied for his role in the 2014 Bundy standoff. He vocally advocated a philosophy opposed to what he views as federal government overreach. He is known for having participated in the 2014 Bundy Standoff in Nevada, an armed standoff with federal and state law enforcement over defaulted grazing fees. Some viewed him as a hero for having led a movement of ranchers to encourage more ranchers to join him in defaulting on their grazing fees as per their federal grazing contracts. Some considered him to be dangerously provocative. He is the father of Ammon Bundy, who in 2016 also led another armed standoff against the government, the occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in Oregon.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Forage value index", "paragraph_text": "The Forage Value Index is a derived index of the relative change in the previous year\u2019s average monthly rate per head for pasturing cattle on privately owned land in the West. Used in calculating federal grazing fees.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Citizens for Constitutional Freedom", "paragraph_text": "Citizens for Constitutional Freedom (C4CF), later also known as People for Constitutional Freedom (P4CF), was the name taken on January 4, 2016, by an armed private U.S. militia that occupied the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Malheur National Wildlife Refuge headquarters in the U.S. state of Oregon from January 2 to February 11, 2016. The leader of the organization was Ammon Bundy, son of Cliven D. Bundy, who engaged in a standoff with the federal government over grazing rights on federal land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Universal transit pass", "paragraph_text": "Universal Transit Pass or Universal Access Transit Pass (U-Pass) is a program that gives students enrolled in participating post-secondary institutions unlimited access to local transit. Programs are either funded through mandatory fees that eligible students pay in each term in which they are registered or included in the students' tuition. For example, the University of Washington and the U-Pass program in Chicago have mandatory U-Pass fees. Fees are transferred to the local transit authority to fund the required transit service. Because fees are collected from a large participant base, U-Pass prices are lower than the amount students would otherwise pay for monthly passes or tickets over the course of a term. The U-Pass price charged to students depends on a variety of factors which differ among municipalities, transit systems and post-secondary institutions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Stealth inflation", "paragraph_text": "Stealth inflation is a type of charges or fees created by businesses to gain extra profit and revenue from its customers. The stealth part of the term is that business will often use miscellaneous fees to charge customers without the customers even knowing the fees existed as they were hidden in the fine print of a signed a contract. The inflation part of the term relates to the up charging of the service without actually providing anything additional. Since most companies charge a fee to accept payment, a portion gets built into profit and revenue. A big example of stealth inflation can be overdraft fees from banks surcharges from Telco providers, processing fees and installation fees. Another form of stealth inflation is devaluation of money by a government, sometimes in order to pay off debt with lower value currency. The unintended higher cost of imported goods and raw material is passed on to the consumer yet not part of traditional definition of inflation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Maintenance fee (EPA)", "paragraph_text": "In United States environmental policy, maintenance fees are the annual fees paid by pesticide manufacturers and formulators to continue registration of pesticide active ingredients and products with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The fees supplement funds appropriated from general U.S. revenues, which cover most administrative costs of the EPA pesticide program under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA; 7 U.S.C. 136a-1). Fees are deposited into a separate Reregistration and Expedited Processing Fund to offset costs associated with EPA reregistration activities and expedited processing of pesticide registrations that are substantially similar to registrations already in effect or which are for public health pesticides, as defined in FIFRA Section 2(nn). Congress mandated collection of an annual maintenance fee from each pesticide registrant in 1988 amendments to (P.L. 100-532). EPA has authority to cancel a registration if a registrant fails to pay the maintenance fee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sentinel Offender Services", "paragraph_text": "In 2012, James Hucks filed suit against Sentinel Offender Services after an arrest warrant was issued for his wife because she did not pay all the fees she owed to the company during her probation. In 2013, Georgia judge Daniel J. Craig ruled that Sentinel had to refund hundreds, and possibly thousands, of people who had paid them, and that private probation companies cannot collect fees from probationers after their probation has expired. Later that year, Craig granted Sentinel a stay on this ruling, but, despite their attempts to persuade him to back down on it, refused to undo his restrictions. In 2012, Georgia man Tom Barrett stole a can of beer and was later put on probation with Sentinel after being unable to pay a US$200 fine. He was later put in jail for two months after being unable to pay Sentinel's startup fee. As of May 2015, Barrett was suing Sentinel, and was being represented by Augusta attorney Jack Long. On February 17, 2016, the Southern Center for Human Rights filed a lawsuit against Sentinel on behalf of two women from Cleveland, Georgia who were sentenced to 12 months probation each for not paying fines; the lawsuit also claims both women were told they had to undergo drug tests by a probation officer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "English rule (attorney's fees)", "paragraph_text": "In the field of law and economics, the English rule (capitalized as English Rule in some jurisdictions) is a rule controlling assessment of attorneys' fees arising out of litigation. The English rule provides that the party who loses in court pays the other party's attorney's fees. The English rule contrasts with the American rule, under which each party is generally responsible to pay its own attorneys' fees, unless a statute or contract provides for that assessment. The rationale for the English rule is that a litigant (whether bringing a claim or defending a claim) is entitled to legal representation and, if successful, should not be left out of pocket by reason of his or her own legal fees. It should be borne in mind that, in virtually all English civil litigation, damages are merely compensatory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of golf courses in The Villages", "paragraph_text": "One of the key advertising campaigns of The Villages is that residents are able to play \"free golf for life\". The advertising is only partially true; the \"free golf\" is paid for by mandatory amenities fees assessed to all homeowners in The Villages. The \"free golf\" extends only to the executive golf courses and only to players walking the courses, wherein a greens fee is not assessed. Players riding golf carts on executive courses pay no greens fee but must pay a trail fee. Greens fees and trail fees are required on The Villages country club courses (though memberships are provided \"free\" \u2013 again, as part of the amenities fee \u2013 to residents).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Bundy standoff", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Bundy standoff was an armed confrontation between supporters of cattle rancher Cliven Bundy and law enforcement following a 21-year legal dispute in which the United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) had obtained court orders directing Bundy to pay over $1 million in withheld grazing fees for Bundy's use of federally owned land adjacent to Bundy's ranch in southeastern Nevada.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab3f6b9554299753aec5a03", "question_text": "How many films were directed by the director of Wise Blood?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["37"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "John Huston", "paragraph_text": "John Marcellus Huston ( ; August 5, 1906\u00a0\u2013 August 28, 1987) was an American film director, screenwriter and actor. He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed, many of which are today considered classics: \"The Maltese Falcon\" (1941), \"The Treasure of the Sierra Madre\" (1948), \"The Asphalt Jungle\" (1950), \"The African Queen\" (1951), \"The Misfits\" (1961), \"Fat City\" (1972) and \"The Man Who Would Be King\" (1975). During his 46-year career, Huston received 15 Oscar nominations, won twice, and directed both his father, Walter Huston, and daughter, Anjelica Huston, to Oscar wins in different films.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Train (short story)", "paragraph_text": "\"The Train\" is an early short story by the American author Flannery O'Connor. It is one of the six stories included in O'Connor's 1947 master's thesis \"The Geranium: A Collection of Short Stories\" and was published in \"The Sewanee Review\" in 1948. It later appeared in the 1971 collection \"The Complete Stories\". O'Connor revised this story into the first chapter of her novel, \"Wise Blood\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Wise Blood", "paragraph_text": "Wise Blood is the first novel by American author Flannery O'Connor, published in 1952. The novel was assembled from disparate stories first published in \"Mademoiselle\", \"Sewanee Review\" and \"Partisan Review\". The first chapter is an expanded version of her Master's thesis, \"The Train\", and other chapters are reworked versions of \"The Peeler,\" \"The Heart of the Park\" and \"Enoch and the Gorilla\". The novel concerns a returning World War II veteran who, haunted by a lifelong crisis of faith, resolves to form an anti-religious ministry in an eccentric Southern town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Wise Blood (film)", "paragraph_text": "Wise Blood is an American 1979 drama film directed by John Huston and based on the 1952 novel \"Wise Blood\" by Flannery O'Connor. It was filmed mostly in and around Macon, Georgia, near O'Connor's home Andalusia in Baldwin County, using many local residents as extras. Though largely faithful to O'Connor's novel, Huston reframes many scenes from the book as broad comedy accompanied by a bluegrass banjo score. The original music score was composed by Alex North. The film was titled Der Ketzer or Die Weisheit des Blutes when released in Germany, and Le Malin when released in France.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Amy Wright", "paragraph_text": "Amy Wright (born April 15, 1950 in Chicago) is an American actress and former model. She has appeared in such films as \"The Deer Hunter\", \"Breaking Away\", \"The Amityville Horror\", \"Heartland\", \"Wise Blood\", \"Stardust Memories\", \"The Accidental Tourist\", \"Hard Promises\", \"Crossing Delancey\" and \"Miss Firecracker\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tony Huston", "paragraph_text": "Walter \"Tony\" Antony Huston (born April 16, 1950) is an American actor, writer, and assistant director. He is known for his work on \"The List of Adrian Messenger\" (1963), \"The Dead\" (1987), \"Wise Blood\" (1979), \"\" (2010), \"\" (2008), \"Look Up and Wave Your Glove\" (2005), \"Great Performances\" (2002), \"\" (2001), and \"John Huston and the Dubliners\" (1987). He is the son of John Huston and Enrica Soma, and sibling of Anjelica Huston, Danny Huston, and Allegra Huston. His son is actor Jack Huston.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Peeler", "paragraph_text": "\"The Peeler\" is a short story by the American author Flannery O'Connor. It was first published in \"Partisan Review\" in 1949. It later appeared in the 1971 collection \"The Complete Stories\". It was eventually incorporated into her novel, \"Wise Blood\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Benedict Fitzgerald", "paragraph_text": "Benedict Fitzgerald (born 1949) is an American screenwriter who co-wrote the screenplay for \"The Passion of the Christ\" with Mel Gibson. His other writing credits include a television screenplay of \"Moby-Dick\" in 1998 (uncredited) and \"Wise Blood\" in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Shajoon Kariyal", "paragraph_text": "Shajoon Kariyal is an Indian film director and producer working in Malayalam cinema. Shajoon was born in 1963 in Kozhikode, Kerala and had his primary education from Govt. Ganapath High School, Chalappuram. He started his film career in 1984, at the age of 18, as an assistant director to I. V. Sasi. He worked as the assistant or associate director to many films including \"Uyarangalil\" (1984), \"Anubandham\" (1985), \"Karimpinpoovinakkare\" (1985), \"Aavanazhi\" (1986), \"1921\" (1988), \"Douthyam\" (1989), \"Varthamana Kalam\" (1990), \"Arhatha\" (1990), \"Midhya\" (1991), \"Neelagiri\" (1991) and \"Varnapakittu\" (1997). He was the story writer for the Mammootty-starrer megahit \"Jackpot\" (1993). He debuted as a director with \"Rajaputhran\" (1996), starring Suresh Gopi, Shobhana and Vikram. He has directed many films, including the commercially successful \"Thachiledathu Chundan\" (1999) and the critically acclaimed \"Vadakkumnadhan\" (2006). After \"Vadakkumnadhan\", he planned two films, \"Raman Police\" and \"Talkies\", but both the projects did not work out. In 2012, he directed \"Chettayees\" which he also co-produced, as one of the five partners of the newly launched production house Thakkaali Films. His latest film is \"Sir C. P.\" (2015).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Wiseblood (Corrosion of Conformity album)", "paragraph_text": "Wiseblood is the fifth album by Corrosion of Conformity. Its name comes from the novel \"Wise Blood\", written by Southern Gothic author Flannery O'Connor. Metallica's lead vocalist, James Hetfield, provides his voice as backup on the album's ninth track, \"Man or Ash\". The song \"Drowning in a Daydream\" was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 40th Grammy Awards ceremony (which went to Tool for \"\u00c6nema\").", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7c6bcc55429935c91b519c", "question_text": "Rock Springs is a collection of short stories by an author born in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1944"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mai Al-Nakib", "paragraph_text": "Mai Al-Nakib is author of \"The Hidden Light of Objects\", a collection of linked short stories published by Bloomsbury in 2014. The collection won the Edinburgh International Book Festival's 2014 First Book Award, the first collection of short stories to win. Her short stories have appeared in \"Ninth Letter\"\",\" \"The First Line\", and the anthology \"Novel of the World\"\".\" Two of her stories received honorable mention in \"Glimmer Train\" competitions. \"The Hidden Light of Objects\" is her first collection of short stories.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Richard Marsh (author)", "paragraph_text": "Richard Marsh (12 October 1857 \u2013 9 August 1915) was the pseudonym of the English author born Richard Bernard Heldmann. A best-selling and prolific author of the late 19th century and the Edwardian period, Marsh is best known now for his supernatural thriller novel \"The Beetle\", which was published the same year as Bram Stoker's \"Dracula\" (1897), and was initially even more popular. \"The Beetle\" remained in print until 1960. Marsh produced nearly 80 volumes of fiction and numerous short stories, in genres including horror, crime, romance and humour. Many of these have been republished recently, beginning with \"The Beetle\" in 2004. Marsh's grandson Robert Aickman was a notable writer of short \"strange stories\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ambulanse", "paragraph_text": "Ambulance (Original title: \"Ambulanse\") is a collection of short stories by the Norwegian author Johan Harstad, published in 2002. The collection contains eleven short stories, all connected to each other. The main character in one of the stories shows up as an 'extra' in the next, and several stories are told from different angles. The overall link between the short stories is an ambulance driving through an unnamed city.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories", "paragraph_text": "A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories (published in England as The Artificial Nigger and Other Tales) is a collection of short stories by American author Flannery O'Connor. The collection was first published in 1955. The subjects of the short stories range from baptism (\"The River\") to serial killers (\"A Good Man Is Hard to Find\") to human greed and exploitation (\"The Life You Save May Be Your Own\"). The majority of the stories include jarring violent scenes that make the characters undergo a spiritual change. The short stories commonly have tones of Catholicism related to life and death scenarios. For instance, in the story \"A Good Man Is Hard To Find\" the villain states, \"She would have been a good woman if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Rest of the Robots", "paragraph_text": "The Rest of the Robots is a collection of eight short stories and two full-length novels by American writer Isaac Asimov, published in 1964. The stories, centred on positronic robots, are all part of the \"Robot\" series, most of which take place in the \"Foundation\" universe. Another collection of short stories about robots, \"I, Robot\", was re-published in the previous year, which is why Asimov chose to title the collection as \"The Rest of the Robots\". None of the short stories in this collection were in \"I, Robot\", however all of them were later included in \"The Complete Robot\", and both novels about Elijah Baley were also published separately.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Richard Honaker", "paragraph_text": "Richard Henderson Honaker (born March 10, 1951) is a lawyer in Rock Springs, Wyoming who was nominated on March 19, 2007, by U.S. President George W. Bush to serve as one of three U.S. District Judges for the District of Wyoming. The nomination was given the highest \"well qualified\" rating by the judicial evaluation committee of the American Bar Association. Honaker was initially recommended to Bush by U.S. Senator Craig L. Thomas of Wyoming, who died some three months later. Honaker had co-chaired Thomas' reelection campaign in 2006 in Rock Springs. Honaker never obtained a Senate vote on his confirmation. The succession of Barack Obama to the presidency ended his candidacy. Had he been confirmed, Honaker would have succeeded Judge Clarence A. Brimmer in Cheyenne. Nancy D. Freudenthal was subsequently nominated and confirmed to the seat.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "J. J. Syvrud", "paragraph_text": "J. J. Syvrud (born May 10, 1977) is a former American football linebacker who played one season with the New York Jets of the National Football League. He was drafted by the New York Jets in the seventh round of the 1999 NFL Draft. He played college football at Jamestown College and attended Rock Springs High School in Rock Springs, Wyoming.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Vacuum Diagrams", "paragraph_text": "Vacuum Diagrams is a collection of science fiction short stories by British writer Stephen Baxter. The collection connects the novels of the Xeelee Sequence and also shows the history of mankind in the Xeelee universe, and ultimately the universe. While each short story in the collection is self-contained, the stories are presented as being contained in the context of the first story, \"Eve\", about a man (seemingly Jack Raoul from the portion of the timeline concerned with the silver ghosts) who is forced to witness the events in the short stories by a god-like being. \"Eve\" acts as a structure for the short stories, with an introduction at the beginning of \"Vacuum Diagrams\", short scenes occurring between each \"era\" (with \"Eve\" character explaining and introducing the next section), and an ending that wraps up the plot for the \"Eve\" story itself. \"Vacuum Diagrams\" won the Philip K. Dick Award in 1999.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Richard Ford", "paragraph_text": "Richard Ford (born February 16, 1944) is an American novelist and short story writer. His best-known works are the novel \"The Sportswriter\" and its sequels, \"Independence Day\", \"The Lay of the Land\" and \"Let Me Be Frank With You\", and the short story collection \"Rock Springs\", which contains several widely anthologized stories.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rock Springs (short story collection)", "paragraph_text": "Rock Springs is a collection of short stories by author Richard Ford, published in 1987 and largely dealing with dysfunctional mothers and fathers and their effects on young male narrators.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a746a4455429974ef308bf6", "question_text": "Which tennis player is older out of John Peers and Simone Bolelli?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Simone Bolelli"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sophie Simone Cortina", "paragraph_text": "Sophie Simone Cortina is a reporter, television host, sports reporter, voice over talent, designer, writer, photographer and, to a lesser extent, actor living between Los Angeles, CA, Chicago, IL, New York City, U.S., Mexico City, Mexico, and Europe. Prior to her career as an entertainer and reporter, she had a professional tennis career and was three times national tennis champion in Mexico and also was ranked in the Top 20 in the world as a junior tennis player. And she is the voice of Curie in the game Fallout 4.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "John Peers", "paragraph_text": "John William Peers (born 25 July 1988) is an Australian professional tennis player who competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour both in singles and doubles until 2013, when he began to focus solely on doubles and began competing on the ATP World Tour.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Simone Pratt", "paragraph_text": "Simone Pratt is a professional Bahamian tennis player. Pratt has been ranked as high as world number 953 in singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). She has also participated in Fed Cup competition, representing The Bahamas, and has an 11-11 win/loss record as of 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "David Goffin", "paragraph_text": "David Goffin (] ) (born 7 December 1990) is a Belgian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 12 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). He was born in Rocourt, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium. His breakthrough came when he reached the fourth round of the 2012 French Open as a lucky loser, eventually losing to Roger Federer in four sets. Goffin has defeated several higher-ranked players such as John Isner, Stan Wawrinka, Novak Djokovic, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Milos Raonic, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Dominic Thiem and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych, the latter without losing a game. He is the Belgian number 1 male tennis player as of 2017. On February 20, 2017 Goffin became the first Belgian male tennis player to reach the ATP top 10.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2015 Trofeo Faip\u2013Perrel \u2013 Singles", "paragraph_text": "Simone Bolelli was the defending champion, but decided to play in the 2015 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament instead.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Reginald Doherty", "paragraph_text": "Reginald \"Reggie\" or \"R. F.\" Frank Doherty (14 October 1872 \u2013 29 December 1910) was a British tennis player and the older brother of tennis player Laurence Doherty. He was known in the tennis world as \"R.F.\" rather than \"Reggie\". He was a four-time Wimbledon singles champion and a triple Olympic Gold medalist in doubles and mixed doubles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Fabio Fognini", "paragraph_text": "Fabio Fognini (] ; born 24 May 1987) is an Italian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 29 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the current Italian No. 1. His career-high singles ranking is world No. 13, achieved in March 2014, and world No. 7 in doubles, achieved in July 2015. Fognini's most successful surface is red clay, upon which he won his four ATP singles titles in Stuttgart, Hamburg, Vi\u00f1a del Mar and Umag, reached the quarterfinals of the 2011 French Open and the semifinals of the 2013 Monte-Carlo Masters. Together with Simone Bolelli, Fognini won the 2015 Australian Open doubles event, becoming the first all Italian men's pair to win a Grand Slam title in the Open era.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pam Teeguarden", "paragraph_text": "Pam Teeguarden (born April 17, 1951) is a former American professional tennis player in the 1970s and 1980s, ranked in the top 20 from 1970\u20131975, according to \"John Dolan's Women's Tennis Ultimate Guide\", prior to computer rankings. She won two Grand Slam Doubles Titles and was a quarter finalist in singles at the U.S. Open and The French Open. Her father Jerry, a well known coach, helped Margaret Court win the coveted Grand Slam (all four Grand Slam titles in one year) in 1970 and Virginia Wade to her 1977 Wimbledon triumph. Teeguarden was voted the \"Most Watchable Player\" based on play and appearance by a group of Madison Avenue advertising executives or \"Mad Men\" while playing at the US Open. Teeguarden played in 19 consecutive US Opens, holding the record until Chris Evert played in 20. She wore the first all black outfit in the history of tennis in 1975 at The Bridgestone Doubles Championships in Tokyo, starting a trend that is still popular today. Teeguarden was the first woman tennis player signed by Nike. She played on the victorious Los Angeles Strings Team Tennis team in 1981 and won the Team Tennis Mixed Doubles Division with Tom Gullikson in 1977; they were also runners-up in the league that year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Gonzales\u2013Rosewall rivalry", "paragraph_text": "American tennis player Pancho Gonzales had a long-running rivalry with Australian Ken Rosewall. Gonzales is still sometimes considered to be a candidate for the greatest tennis player of all time; he was the dominant player of the 1950s and still holds the men's all-time record of being ranked world No. 1 for eight years. Rosewall became the world's best player upon Gonzales's semi-retirement in 1961 and held that position either by himself or sharing it with others for six years. Rosewall was signed in 1956 by the promoter Jack Kramer, a former #1 player himself, to join his small band of touring professionals in 1957. He then engaged in a round-the-world, head-to-head tour against Gonzales, the defending world's champion, over the next five months, winning 26 matches but losing 50. In his 1979 autobiography Kramer included both Gonzales and Rosewall in his list of the 21 greatest players of all time. Kramer, however, initially \"panicked\" upon signing Rosewall.He was a cute little fellow with a dink serve, who operated mostly from the baseline. That great volley of his hadn't been developed yet. I was afraid that Gorgo would eat him alive and put us out of business the rest of the way. But like a lot of people I completely underestimated Rosewall. Before their opening match in Melbourne, Kramer went to Gonzales and asked him to \"carry\" Rosewall, giving him a better share of the gate to gain his assent. Gonzales did try to carry out his part of the deal for a few matches, but then called it off, telling Kramer that he was no longer able to play his normal game. Kramer agreed. \"It was... obvious that Rosewall was not the pushover I had feared. (In fact, Gonzales only beat him 50\u201326, and it was always competitive.)\" Six years older than Rosewall, 13 years later, in 1970, Gonzales defeated him in 6\u20134, 6\u20134, in the 199th and next-to-last match they ever played\u2014Gonzales was 42 years old at the time and Rosewall was considered to be the co-No. 1 player in the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Simone Bolelli", "paragraph_text": "Simone Bolelli (born 8 October 1985; ] ) is an Italian professional tennis player. Bolelli is a Grand Slam champion since he won the 2015 Australian Open doubles event with Fabio Fognini, becoming the first all Italian men's pair to win a Grand Slam title in the Open Era.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abd648155429933744ab7ac", "question_text": "Who was the chief executive officer of the second largest US car rental company by sales?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Robert L. Stone"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Irish Car Rentals", "paragraph_text": "Irish Car Rentals is a car rental company headquartered in Santry, Dublin that provides car rental services in Ireland. The Irish Car Rentals was the owner of GoCar, the first car sharing service in Ireland and has the Europcar franchise in Ireland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Localiza", "paragraph_text": "Localiza is a Brazilian car rental company founded in 1973 in Belo Horizonte and is the biggest car rental in Latin America and one of the largest in the world by size of the fleet or market capitalization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Payless Car Rental", "paragraph_text": "Payless Car Rental, Inc. is a car rental company owned by Avis Budget Group and headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida. While mainly a franchise system, the company owns and operates several corporate locations. Payless Car Rental, Payless Car Sales, Payless Parking and REZlink International are sister companies under the umbrella of Avalon Global Group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Enterprise Holdings", "paragraph_text": "Enterprise Holdings, Inc. is an American holding company headquartered in Clayton, Missouri. It is the parent company of car rental companies Enterprise Rent-A-Car, National Car Rental, Alamo Rent a Car, and Enterprise CarShare. The holding company was formed in 2009 as a result of Enterprise Rent-A-Car's 2007 acquisition of Vanguard Automotive Group, the parent company of National Car Rental and Alamo Rent a Car. Enterprise ranks as the largest car rental company in the United States. The company sells its used cars through Enterprise Car Sales. It is owned by the Taylor family", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Whizzgo", "paragraph_text": "WhizzGo is a United Kingdom car rental company that provides rental cars in more than 258 countries worldwide. The company started as a pay-by-the-hour service based in the United Kingdom. Since July 2017 it is restructured and is now providing car rental services by price comparing rates of most of the rent-a-car suppliers worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Hertz Corporation", "paragraph_text": "The Hertz Corporation, a subsidiary of Hertz Global Holdings Inc., is an American car rental company based in Estero, Florida that operates 9,700 international corporate and franchisee locations. As the second-largest US car rental company by sales, locations, and fleet size, Hertz operates in 150 countries, including North America, Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia, Australia, The Caribbean, the Middle East, and New Zealand. The Hertz Corporation owns Dollar and Thrifty Automotive Group - which separates into Thrifty Car Rental and Dollar Rent A Car.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Enterprise Rent-A-Car", "paragraph_text": "Enterprise Rent-A-Car is an American car rental company headquartered in Clayton, Missouri, United States in Greater St. Louis. In addition to car rental, Enterprise also oversees commercial fleet management, used car sales, and commercial truck rental operations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sixt", "paragraph_text": "Sixt SE is a European multinational car rental company with about 4,000 locations in over 105 countries. Sixt SE acts as a parent and holding company of the Sixt Group, which is internationally active in the business areas of vehicle rental and leasing. The majority of the company (60%) is owned by the Sixt family, who manage the company. The remaining share is tradeable stock: SIX2 (XETRA). It is the largest car rental company in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Israel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Bobby Mehta", "paragraph_text": "Siddharth N. \"Bobby\" Mehta was former CEO and vice chairman of HSBC North America. Mehta served as an Advisor of TransUnion since December 31, 2012. Mehta serves as consultant of TransUnion. He served the chief executive officer and president of TransUnion from August 2007 to December 31, 2012, and Transunion Financing Corp. until December 31, 2012. From May 2007 to July 2007, he served as a consultant to the board of directors at TransUnion. He served as the chief executive officer and president of TransUnion until December 31, 2012. He served as the chief executive officer of TransUnion LLC. He served as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of HSBC Finance Corporation from April 2005 to February 2007. He served as chief executive officer and president of TransUnion LLC from 2007 to 2012. From 1998 to 2007, he held a variety of positions with HSBC Finance Corporation and HSBC North America Holdings, Inc. Mehta served as chief executive officer of HSBC North America until February 2007. Mehta served as consultant of TransUnion since May 2007 until July 2007. Mehta served as group managing director of HSBC Holdings PLC of HSBC Finance Corp. since April 30, 2005, and its unit chief executive officer since March 2005. He served as the chief executive of HS BC North America Holdings Inc., of HSBC Finance Corp., from March 2005 to February 15, 2007. He served as an executive chairman of HSBC Financial Corporation Limited since April 2005 and served as its chief executive officer from April 2005 to February 15, 2007. He served as the chief executive officer of HSBC Bank USA, N.A. until February 2007. He served as the chief executive officer of HSBC North America Holdings Inc. since March 2005. He served as chairman and chief executive officer of HSBC Financial Corp., Ltd. He oversaw HSBC's global credit card services, its North American consumer lending and mortgage services businesses and its first mortgage operation. He was also responsible for corporate marketing, strategic planning and corporate development for HSBC North America Holdings Inc. and had responsibility for the strategic management of credit cards throughout the HSBC Group. Mehta served as group executive of Credit Card Services, Auto Finance and Canada of Household International Inc., since July 2002. He worked at MasterCard\u2019s U.S. region board since March 2000. Mehta joined Household International Inc., in 1998. He served as senior vice president of The Boston Consulting Group in Los Angeles and co-leader of Boston Consulting Group Financial Services Practice in the United States. Mehta served as a director of Global Board of MasterCard Incorporated since March 17, 2005. He served as unit chairman of HSBC Holdings PLC and served as its board member since March 2005. He served as vice chairman and director of HSBC Financial Corporation Limited., (Formerly Household International Inc.). He has been a director of Avant Credit Corporation since December 18, 2014. He has been an independent director of The Allstate Corporation since February 19, 2014. He serves as a member of the advisory board at Core2 Group, Inc. He has been non-executive independent director at Piramal Enterprises Ltd since April 1, 2013. He serves on the boards of Datacard, Chicago Public Education Fund, University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, The Economic Club of Chicago, The Field Museum and Myelin Repair Foundation. He serves as a director of TransUnion Corp. and TransUnion LLC. He served as a director of MasterCard International Inc. (also known as MasterCard Worldwide) (formerly, MasterCard Inc.), since March 17, 2005. He served as a director of HSBC Financial Corp. Ltd. He has been a director of TransUnion since April 2012. Mehta serves on the board of international advisors for the Monterey, California, Institute of International Studies and is a member of the Financial Services Roundtable. He also serves on the board of advisors for the Myelin Repair Foundation. Mehta holds a Bachelor of Arts in economics from the London School of Economics and Masters of Business Administration from the University of Chicago. He stepped down as head of the North American unit after the lender raised its forecast for bad loans in the U.S. He is of Indian descent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Robert L. Stone", "paragraph_text": "Robert L. Stone (December 19, 1921 \u2013 January 28, 2009) was an American business executive who served as chief executive officer of The Hertz Corporation and ran the television division at Columbia Pictures.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade04a65542997545bbbe20", "question_text": "Don Holmes played for the football club that is based in what eastern suburb of Perth?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Bassendean"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Victorian Football Club (Western Australia)", "paragraph_text": "The Victorian Football Club, often referred to as Victorians or Vics, was an Australian rules football club based in Perth, Western Australia. Formed in 1885, the club was a founding member of the West Australian Football Association (WAFA), which was established the same year. The club merged with the West Australian Football Club at the end of the 1888 season to form the Metropolitan Football Club (now the West Perth Football Club).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Leederville Oval", "paragraph_text": "Leederville Oval (known as Medibank Stadium under a naming rights agreement between 2006 and 2016) is an Australian rules football ground located in Leederville, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The ground is currently used as a home ground by two clubs: the East Perth Football Club and the Subiaco Football Club, both competing in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). The ground was previously home to the West Perth Football Club from 1915 to 1993, before the club moved to Arena Joondalup, its current home ground. The ground is serviced by the Joondalup railway line, with the nearest stop being the Leederville station.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "East Perth Football Club", "paragraph_text": "The East Perth Football Club, nicknamed the Royals, is an Australian rules football club based in Leederville, Western Australia, current playing in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). Formed in 1902 as the Union Football Club, the club entered the WAFL in 1906, changing its name to East Perth. It won its first premiership in 1919, part of a streak of five consecutive premierships. Overall, the club has won 17 premierships, most recently in 2002. The club is currently based at Leederville Oval, which it shares with the Subiaco Football Club, having previously played home games at Wellington Square (from 1901 to 1909) and Perth Oval (formerly known as Loton Park) from 1910 to 1999. The current coach of East Perth is Luke Webster and the current captains are Kyle Anderson and Patrick McGinnity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Don Holmes", "paragraph_text": "Donald Shane \"Don\" Holmes (born 5 January 1959) is a former Australian rules footballer who was played in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) for Swan Districts and in the Victorian Football League (VFL) for West Coast .", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Graham Farmer", "paragraph_text": "Graham Vivian \"Polly\" Farmer, MBE (born 10 March 1935) is a retired Australian rules football player and coach. Born in Western Australia, he joined the East Perth Football Club as a ruckman in 1953, where he won several awards and contributed to the team winning three premierships. He was recruited to the Victorian Football League (VFL) league in 1962 for the Geelong Football Club, where he played 101 games and captained the team for three seasons. Farmer returned to Western Australia and became the captain/coach of the West Perth Football Club in 1968, leading the club to premierships against East Perth in 1969 and 1971. After retiring as a player, he coached Geelong, East Perth and Western Australia's first state of origin team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of Perth Glory FC players", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of football (soccer) players who have played for Perth Glory, a team based in Perth, Western Australia. Perth Glory were founded in 1996 as Perth Glory Soccer Club and played from their inception until 2004 in the National Soccer League. Since 2005 the Glory have played in the A-League as Perth Glory Football Club.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "West Australian Football Club", "paragraph_text": "The West Australian Football Club, often referred to as West Australians or Wests, was an Australian rules football club based in Perth, Western Australia. Formed in 1886, the club was originally not associated with any competition, but entered the senior West Australian Football Association (WAFA) the following season. The club finished last in both its seasons in the competition, merging with the Victorian Football Club on 16 April 1889 to form the Metropolitan Football Club (now the West Perth Football Club).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Norwood Oval", "paragraph_text": "Norwood Oval (currently known as Coopers Stadium due to sponsorship from the Adelaide-based Coopers Brewery) is a suburban oval in the western end of Norwood, an inner eastern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. Norwood, Payneham & St Peters Council own the Oval but rent it to the Norwood Football Club. It has been used for a variety of sporting and community events including baseball, soccer, rugby league and American football, but its main use is for Australian rules football. It is the home ground for the Norwood Football Club (\"The Redlegs\") in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Don Marinko, Sr.", "paragraph_text": "Domenick Louis \"Don\" Marinko (27 August 1907 \u2013 4 May 1967) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Subiaco and West Perth Football Clubs in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) and the Boulder City Football Club in the Goldfields Football League (GFL). Born in the Goldfields region of Western Australia, he was educated at Christian Brothers' College in Perth, and made his senior debut for Subiaco in 1923, at the age of 16. The following season, Marinko returned to the Goldfields in order to find work in the mines, and took up playing for the Boulder City Football Club in the Goldfields Football Association (GFA), playing in premierships in 1924 and 1925. Returning to Perth, he fell into West Perth's zone, and began playing with the club in 1926. Marinko played in premiership sides for West Perth in 1932, 1934, and 1935, and was captain of the club for the latter two seasons. At his retirement in 1939, he had played 194 games for the club, and 197 games total in the WAFL, as well as playing thirteen interstate matches for Western Australia. Having died in 1967 from a sudden heart attack, Marinko was named in West Perth's Team of the Century in 2000, and inducted into the West Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Swan Districts Football Club", "paragraph_text": "The Swan Districts Football Club, nicknamed the Swans, is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). The club is based at Bassendean Oval, in Bassendean, an eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The club was formed in 1932, and joined the then-Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) in 1934, acting as a successor to the Midland Junction Football Club, which had disbanded during World War I, in the Perth Hills region.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a76a8bb5542993569682c76", "question_text": "In what country did Gildo Siopaes win a bronze medal for bobsledding in the 1964 Winter Olympics?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Austria"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Innsbruck", "paragraph_text": "Innsbruck (] , ] ) is the capital city of Tyrol in western Austria. It is in the Inn valley, at its junction with the Wipp valley, which provides access to the Brenner Pass some 30 km to the south.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Belgium national bobsleigh team", "paragraph_text": "The Belgian national bobsleigh team represents Belgium in international bobsledding competitions. Belgium first gained fame in bobsleighing during their debut at the first Winter Olympics in Chamonix in 1924, where a Belgian four-man bob acquired the bronze medal. The second and last Belgian bobsleigh medal at the Winter Olympics so far, also won during a four-man event, was a silver in St. Moritz in 1948.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jeanne Ashworth", "paragraph_text": "Jeanne Chesley Ashworth (born July 1, 1938) is an American former speed skater who competed in the 1960 Winter Olympics, 1964 Winter Olympics and 1968 Winter Olympics. Ashworth competed in the first Olympic speed skating event for women. She won the bronze medal, finishing behind a German and Russian. During the late 50's and 60's, when Ashworth was at the height of her career, she won 11 national championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Yang Yang (A)", "paragraph_text": "Yang Yang (; born 24 August 1976 in Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China) is a former Chinese short track speed skater and current IOC member. She is a two-time Olympic Champion from 2002 Winter Olympics and a six-time Overall World Champion for 1997\u20132002. She was formerly a member of the Chinese national short track team. Yang is one of the most accomplished short track speed skaters of all time having won 34 world titles, including six Overall World Championships. She is the first person to have won six Overall World Titles and won six consecutively. Her victory in the women's 500 m short track at the 2002 Winter Olympics made her China's first-ever Winter Olympics gold medalist. She added a second gold in the women's 1000 m short track at the same Games and has also won two silver and a bronze medal. After 2003 World Championships, Yang took time off competing, but came back in 2004\u20132005 season in lead-up to 2006 Winter Olympics where she won the bronze medal in 1000m race. She retired soon afterwards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi", "paragraph_text": "Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi (n\u00e9e H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen; born 10 September 1955) is a Finnish former cross-country skier. She was the big figure at the 1984 Olympics in Sarajevo, winning all three individual cross-country skiing events (5, 10 and 20\u00a0km), and a bronze medal for Finland in the relay. In the process, she became the most successful athlete at the 1984 Winter Olympics. At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, she won another relay bronze medal, and at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, she won two more bronze medals in the 5 and 30\u00a0km.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Vladim\u00edr Nadrchal", "paragraph_text": "Vladim\u00edr Nadrchal (born March 4, 1938 in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia) is an ice hockey player who played for the Czechoslovak national team. He won a bronze medal at the 1964 Winter Olympics, and a silver medal at the 1968 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jozef Golonka", "paragraph_text": "Jozef Golonka (born January 6, 1938) is a former ice hockey player who played in the Czechoslovak Extraliga and was a member of the Czechoslovakia national ice hockey team. He won a bronze medal in the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria and won a silver medal in the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. He was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 1998.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "M\u0101rti\u0146\u0161 Rubenis", "paragraph_text": "M\u0101rti\u0146\u0161 Rubenis (born 26 September 1978) is a retired Latvian luger who competed between 1998 and 2014. He won the bronze medal at the men's singles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, becoming the first Latvian (i.e. representing Republic of Latvia) to win a medal at the Winter Olympics and the only one from Latvia at the 2006 Winter Olympics. He won his second bronze medal at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi in the Team Relay event.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Gildo Siorpaes", "paragraph_text": "Gildo Siorpaes (born January 12, 1938 in Cortina d'Ampezzo) is an Italian bobsledder who competed in the early 1960s. He was born in Cortina d'Ampezzo. He won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rafayel Grach", "paragraph_text": "Rafayel Davidovich Grach (Russian: \u0420\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0447 ; August 6, 1932 \u2013 June 14, 1982) was a Soviet speed skater who competed in the 1956 Winter Olympics, 1960 Winter Olympics and 1964 Winter Olympics. He was born in Kirov, Russia. Grach won the silver medal at the 1956 Winter Olympics and bronze medal at the 1960 Winter Olympics in speed skating.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8efba955429918e830d173", "question_text": "Who was the narrator of the 26-episode series which featured the British national museum organization with branches at five locations in England?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Michael Redgrave"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Imperial War Museum (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "The Imperial War Museum is a British national museum organisation with branches at five locations in England.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "British National Bibliography", "paragraph_text": "British National Bibliography (BNB) was established to publish a list of the books, journals and serials that are published in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. It also includes information on forthcoming titles. New books and serials have been recorded in the British National Bibliography (BNB) since 1950. The British National Bibliography was first established at the British Museum. This is the single most comprehensive listing of UK titles. UK and Irish publishers are obliged by legal deposit to send a copy of all new publications, including serial titles to BNB for listing. The BNB publish the list weekly in electronic form: the last printed weekly list appeared in December 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mario Martinez (painter)", "paragraph_text": "Mario Martinez (born 1953) is a contemporary abstract painter. He is a Native American artist who is a member of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe from New Penjamo (in Scottsdale), the smallest of six Yaqui settlements, in Arizona. He currently lives in New York City. Martinez received his bachelor's degree from School of Art, Arizona State University in Tempe and his MFA from the San Francisco Art Institute. His work has been exhibited in 2005 in a one-person retrospective at the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian in New York. Notable group exhibitions include: \"Who Stole the Tee Pee?\" at the National Museum of the American Indian, New York; \"AlieNation\" at the American Indian Community House Gallery. His work was recently shown at \"IN/SIGHT 2010\" at Chelsea Art Museum, New York and \"The Importance of IN/VISIBILITY\" at Abrazo Interno Gallery, New York, 2009. In 2002 Martinez was one of the first non-Japanese artists to be invited to exhibit at the Contemporary Artists Federation Group Show at the Museum of Modern Art, Saitama, Japan. In 2000, he was a visiting professor of art at the University of Arizona in Tucson, and in 2001 he received the Native Artist in Residence Fellowship from the National Museum of the American Indian. In 2005, Martinez completed a commission for the Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona; a 22-foot mural called \"Sonoran Desert: Yaqui Home\" as part of \"Home: Desert Peoples in the Southwest\" exhibition. Martinez will be featured in a solo exhibition at Mesa Contemporary Arts in Mesa, Arizona opening September 10, 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jeonju National Museum", "paragraph_text": "Jeonju National Museum is a national museum located in Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. It opened on October 26, 1990 as the ninth South Korean national museum.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Canadian NORAD Region Forward Operating Locations", "paragraph_text": "Canadian NORAD Region (CANR) Forward Operating Locations (FOLs) were created under the North American Air Defence Modernization (NAADM) program authorized at the Shamrock Summit held in Quebec City on March 18, 1985. The locations are maintained by the Canadian Department of National Defence. The NAADM program was authorized by the Canada-United States Memorandum of Understanding signed by Prime Minister Mulroney and Ronald Reagan at the summit. The purpose of these upgraded facilities was to ensure adequate facilities existed for NORAD to defend the Northern Canadian frontier. Accommodations for up to six fighters in hangars were built, space for up to 200 support personnel, and storage facilities. Five locations were originally investigated, but only four locations were built.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "National Museum, Krak\u00f3w", "paragraph_text": "The National Museum in Krak\u00f3w (Polish: \"Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie\" ), popularly abbreviated as MNK, established in 1879, is the main branch of Poland's National Museum, which has several independent branches with permanent collections around the country. The Museum consists of 21 departments which are divided by art period; 11 galleries, 2 libraries, and 12 conservation workshops. It holds some 780,000 art objects, spanning from classical archeology to modern art, with special focus on Polish painting. <ref name=\"culture.pl/muzea\"> </ref><ref name=\"muzeum/Zbiory\"> </ref>", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "National Museum of Poland", "paragraph_text": "\"National Museum of Poland\" is the common name for several of the country's largest and most notable museums. Poland's National Museum comprises several independent branches, each operating a number of smaller museums. The main branch is the National Museum in Krak\u00f3w (Polish: \"Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie\" ), established in 1879 with permanent collections consisting of several hundred thousand items \u2013 kept in big part at the Main Building (along the 3 Maja St.), but also in the eight of its divisions around the city.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Imperial War Museum", "paragraph_text": "Imperial War Museums (IWM) is a British national museum organisation with branches at five locations in England, three of which are in London. Founded as the Imperial War Museum in 1917, the museum was intended to record the civil and military war effort and sacrifice of Britain and its Empire during the First World War. The museum's remit has since expanded to include all conflicts in which British or Commonwealth forces have been involved since 1914. As of 2012, the museum aims \"to provide for, and to encourage, the study and understanding of the history of modern war and 'wartime experience'\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Great War (documentary)", "paragraph_text": "The Great War is a 26-episode documentary series from 1964 on the First World War. The documentary was a co-production of the Imperial War Museum, the British Broadcasting Corporation, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the Australian Broadcasting Commission. The narrator was Michael Redgrave, with readings by Marius Goring, Ralph Richardson, Cyril Luckham, Sebastian Shaw and Emlyn Williams. Each episode is \u200940 minutes long.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Croatian Natural History Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Croatian Natural History Museum (Croatian: \"Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej\" ) is the oldest and biggest natural history museum and the main body for natural history research, preservation and collection in Croatia. Located on Dimitrije Demeter Street in Gornji Grad, one of the oldest neighbourhoods of the Croatian capital Zagreb, it owns one of the biggest museum collections in Croatia, with over 2\u00a0million artefacts, including over 1.1\u00a0million animal specimens. It was founded in 1846 as the \"National Museum\". The National Museum was later split up into five museums, three of which were in 1986 merged as departments of the newly named Croatian Natural History Museum. The museum contains a large scientific library open to the public, and publishes the first Croatian natural history scientific journal, \"Natura Croatica\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab42d5755429942dd415eaf", "question_text": "\"Lost!\" is a song by a British rock band formed in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1996"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Roadstar", "paragraph_text": "Roadstar was a British rock band formed in 2002. The group originally went under the name Hurricane Party and disbanded in April 2007. A year later several of the members, together with Sid Glover, formed Heaven's Basement. In 2016, former band member Richie Hevanz became frontman of Fragile Things, following a short stint in a band called Endless Mile.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Cult", "paragraph_text": "The Cult are a British rock band formed in 1983. Before settling on their current name in January 1984, the band performed under the name Death Cult, which was an evolution of the name of lead singer Ian Astbury's previous band Southern Death Cult. They gained a dedicated following in the UK in the mid-1980s as a post-punk/gothic rock band, with singles such as \"She Sells Sanctuary\", before breaking mainstream in the United States in the late 1980s as a hard rock band with singles such as \"Love Removal Machine\" and \"Fire Woman\". According to music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the band fuse a \"heavy metal revivalist\" sound with the \"pseudo-mysticism ... of The Doors [and] the guitar-orchestrations of Led Zeppelin ... while adding touches of post-punk goth rock\". Since the initial formation of Southern Death Cult in Bradford in 1981, the band have had various line-ups; the longest-serving members are Astbury and guitarist Billy Duffy, the band's two songwriters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Paul Newton (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Paul Newton (born 21 February 1948, Andover, Hampshire) is a British rock musician. He was bassist with progressive group \"Shinn\" which featured organist Don Shinn and drummer Brian \"Blinky\" Davison and then joined a reformed line-up of \"The Gods\" with Ken Hensley and Lee Kerslake. He was the original bass guitarist for Uriah Heep, and played on the band's first three albums. He subsequently played for a band called \"Festival\" for several years on the Mecca Palais circuit and also worked as a studio musician and appeared on various recordings. More recently he has performed with other ex-members of Uriah Heep (Ken Hensley, John Lawton & Lee Kerslake) in \"Uriah Heep Legends\" and continues to do this.Has recently appeared with \"Behind Closed Doors, a band formed by son, Julian and was also a member of Ledbury rock band \"The Rocking Aces\" until they disbanded in December 2013. Currently working with singer/guiarist Chris Rainbow and with \"The Business\" plus session work for various bands/artistes. Newton/Rainbow Project CD \"Licence to Rock\" is now available through cdbaby.com.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Fort Hope", "paragraph_text": "Fort Hope are a British rock band formed in 2013 after the disbandment of electronic rock band My Passion in 2012. The band has released three EPs and released their debut mini-album in May, which peaked at 8 on the UK top Rock and Metal albums.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Aaron Buchanan &amp; The Cult Classics", "paragraph_text": "Aaron Buchanan & The Cult Classics are a British rock band formed in 2016 by former Heaven's Basement vocalist of international acclaim (and Red Bull Records alumnus), Aaron Buchanan. Band members include Aaron Buchanan (vocals), Laurie Buchanan (guitar and vocals), Tom McCarthy (guitar), Chris Guyatt (bass) and Paul White (drums) (formally of industrial metal band The Defiled). The band cite 1990s grunge rock influences and came together for first rehearsals in June 2016 initially with Kev Hickman formally of RavenEye on drums, this was followed up with a full UK tour alongside InMe starting on 17 October 2016 through to 23 October in support of \"The Man With Stars On His Knees\" album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lost!", "paragraph_text": "\"Lost!\" is a song by the British rock band Coldplay. The band co-produced it with Brian Eno and Markus Dravs for their fourth album, \"Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends\". The song was released on 10 November 2008 as the fourth overall single from the album to generally positive critical reviews. A live version was released via digital download following a performance of the band and Jay-Z at the 2009 Grammy Awards, spurring high digital sales and giving \"Lost!\" a new peak at number 40 in the United States.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Coldplay", "paragraph_text": "Coldplay are a British rock band formed in 1996 by lead vocalist and keyboardist Chris Martin and lead guitarist Jonny Buckland at University College London (UCL). After they formed under the name Pectoralz, Guy Berryman joined the group as bassist and they changed their name to Starfish. Will Champion joined as drummer and backing vocalist, completing the lineup. Creative director Phil Harvey is often referred to as the fifth member by the band. The band renamed themselves \"Coldplay\" in 1998, before recording and releasing three EPs: \"Safety\" in 1998 and \"Brothers & Sisters\" and \"The Blue Room\" in 1999. \"The Blue Room\" was their first release on a major label, after signing to Parlophone.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Progres 2", "paragraph_text": "Progres 2 is an art rock band from Brno, Czech Republic. It was established in 1968, known as Progress Organization, by Zden\u011bk Kluka, Pavel V\u00e1n\u011b, Jan Sochor and Emanuel Sideridis. Its most important album in a Czech context was the rock opera project \"Dialog s vesm\u00edrem\" (Dialog with The Universe) in 1978, only a year after the transformation of the band called \"Bardonaj\" to the new band Progres 2. The public presentation of this rock opera was the first audiovisual program of rock music in Czechoslovakia, inspired by the British rock group Pink Floyd. Because this rock band played in the totalitarian state, they had a few troubles with officials. The best known problem was the one with lyrics of one song from the album \"Dialog s vesm\u00edrem\". The song was called \"Planeta Hieronyma Bosche\" (The Planet of Hieronymus Bosch) where the band sings about life on heroin. Censors forbade this song and the band solved it by using only the vowels from the original lyrics. At concerts they played the whole original lyrics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Girlschool", "paragraph_text": "Girlschool are a British rock band that formed in the new wave of British heavy metal scene in 1978 and frequently associated with contemporaries Mot\u00f6rhead. They are the longest running all-female rock band, still active after more than 35 years. Formed from a school band called Painted Lady, Girlschool enjoyed strong media exposure and commercial success in the UK in the early 1980s with three albums of 'punk-tinged metal' and a few singles, but lost their momentum in the following years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dan Smith (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Campbell \"Dan\" Smith (born 14 July 1986) is a British singer-songwriter and record producer. He is the lead singer, primary songwriter. and founder of the British rock band Bastille. The band formed in 2010 and gained mass popularity in 2013 when the song \"Pompeii\" was released. The band released their second album, \"Wild World\" in September 2016. .", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7ae2f2554299042af8f6aa", "question_text": "Which sport has been played at the BayArena in Leverkusen, Germany, since 1958?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["football"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "BayArena", "paragraph_text": "BayArena (] ) is a football stadium in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, which has been the home ground of Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen since 1958.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sport in Gibraltar", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays a prominent role in Gibraltarian life. The range of sports practiced in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar is wide and varied in comparison to its size of less than 7 km2 . The Government of Gibraltar promotes sport within The Rock and supports many local sports associations financially. Gibraltar also competes in international sporting events, having competed in the Commonwealth Games since 1958, and in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 1995 and will host again in 2019.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Leverkusen \u2013 Cologne IV", "paragraph_text": "Leverkusen \u2013 Cologne IV (German: \"Leverkusen \u2013 K\u00f6ln IV\" ) is one of the four electoral districts (German: \"Wahlkreis\") covering the city of Cologne in the German Bundestag. Most of the electorate comes from the neighbouring city of Leverkusen. Part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, the constituency elects one representative under the mixed member proportional representation (MMP) system. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 96. The district has been held by the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) since it was created for the 2002 election, with Karl Lauterbach representing the district since the 2005 election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "2017\u201318 Bayer 04 Leverkusen season", "paragraph_text": "The 2017\u201318 Bayer 04 Leverkusen season is the 114th season in the football club's history and 39th consecutive and overall season in the top flight of German football, the Bundesliga, having been promoted from the 2. Bundesliga Nord in 1979. In addition to the domestic league, Bayer Leverkusen also are participating in this season's edition of the domestic cup, the DFB-Pokal. This is the 60th season for Leverkusen in the BayArena, located in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The season covers a period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Royal Moroccan Athletics Federation", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Moroccan Athletics Federation (\"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Royale Marocaine d\u2019Athl\u00e9tisme\", FRMA) is Morocco's governing body for the sport of athletics. It was established in 1957 and has been affiliated to the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) since 1958. It is also a member of the Confederation of African Athletics since 1973.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1993 DFB-Pokal Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1993 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1992\u201393 DFB-Pokal, the 50th season of Germany's premier knockout football cup competition. It was played on 12 June 1993 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin. Hertha BSC's second team, playing in the third division, made it to the final against Bayer Leverkusen, making it the first and only time a reserve side has made it to the final, as second teams have since been disallowed from entering the competition. Leverkusen won the match 1\u20130 to claim their first cup title.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Robin Dutt", "paragraph_text": "Robin Dutt (] ; born 24 January 1965) is a retired German football player, manager and currently board representative for sport of VfB Stuttgart. He was also the manager of Bundesliga side Werder Bremen and Bayer Leverkusen. Previously he coached SC Freiburg after taking over from the long-serving Volker Finke in July 2007. He had previously been manager of Stuttgarter Kickers for four years. Starting from the 2011\u201312 season, he signed a two-year managerial contract with Bayer Leverkusen after the previous manager Jupp Heynckes confirmed on 21 March 2011 that he would not be extending his stay at the BayArena.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bayer 04 Leverkusen", "paragraph_text": "Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fu\u00dfball GmbH, also known as Bayer 04 Leverkusen ] , Bayer Leverkusen, Leverkusen or simply Bayer, is a German football club based in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, and hosts matches at the BayArena.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1988 UEFA Cup Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1988 UEFA Cup Final was a football tie played on 4 May 1988 and 18 May 1988 between RCD Espanyol of Spain and Bayer 04 Leverkusen of West Germany. Leverkusen won 3\u20132 on penalties after 3\u20133 on aggregate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Essen Minster", "paragraph_text": "Essen Minster (German: Essener M\u00fcnster ), since 1958 also Essen Cathedral (Essener Dom ) is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Essen, the \"Diocese of the Ruhr\", founded in 1958. The church, dedicated to Saints Cosmas and Damian and the Blessed Virgin Mary, stands on the Burgplatz in the centre of the city of Essen, Germany.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f68795542992414482ab5", "question_text": "What member of the South Korean-Chinese boy group EXO stars in the upcoming movie \"The Underdog\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Do Kyung-soo"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Xiumin", "paragraph_text": "Kim Min-seok (born (1990--) 26, 1990 ), better known by his stage name Xiumin, is a South Korean singer and actor. He is best known as a member of the South Korean-Chinese boy group EXO, its sub-group EXO-M, and its sub-unit EXO-CBX.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Exo (band)", "paragraph_text": "Exo (Korean: \uc5d1\uc18c ; stylized as EXO) is a South Korean-Chinese boy group based in Seoul. Formed by S.M. Entertainment in 2011, the group debuted in 2012 with twelve members separated into two subgroups, Exo-K (Suho, Baekhyun, Chanyeol, D.O., Kai, and Sehun) and Exo-M (Xiumin, Lay, Chen and former members Kris, Luhan and Tao ), performing music in Korean and Mandarin respectively. Exo's first album \"XOXO\" (2013), which contained the breakthrough hit \"Growl\", was a critical and commercial success, winning both Disk Daesang at the 28th Golden Disk Awards and Album of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards. It sold over one million copies, making Exo the best-selling Korean artist in twelve years. Subsequent albums and EPs continued with strong sales, and Exo were ranked the most influential celebrity by \"Forbes\" Korea Power Celebrity for the years 2014 and 2015. They have been named \"the biggest boyband in the world\" by media outlets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Kai (entertainer, born 1994)", "paragraph_text": "Kim Jong-in (born (1994--) 14, 1994 ), better known as Kai, is a South Korean singer and actor. He is a member of the South Korean-Chinese boy group EXO and its sub unit EXO-K.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Exo Planet 3 \u2013 The Exo'rdium", "paragraph_text": "Exo Planet #3 \u2013 The EXO'rDIUM is the third tour of South Korean-Chinese boy band EXO. The tour was officially announced on June 15, 2016 and began in Seoul's Olympic Gymnastics Arena on July 22, 2016. The first 6 dates were in South Korea, making EXO the first K-pop group to have the longest solo concert series in Seoul. During EXO's EXO'rDIUM tour, member Kai struggled with an ankle injury, making him unable to fully participate in the first three months of the tour. In February 2017, official announcements were made to announce that promotions would continue in Mexico and the United States, marking the EXO'rDIUm tour as EXO's second World Tour. It was announced on March 30, 2017 that the tour will conclude in Seoul with two encore performances on May 27 and 28, titled \"Exo Planet #3 \u2013 The Exo'rdium[dot]\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Park Chanyeol", "paragraph_text": "Park Chan-yeol (born November 27, 1992), better known by the mononym Chanyeol, is a South Korean rapper, singer, songwriter and actor. He debuted in 2012 as a member of the South Korean-Chinese boy group EXO and its sub-unit EXO-K.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Chen (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Kim Jong-dae (born September 21, 1992), better known by his stage name Chen, is a South Korean singer-songwriter and actor. He is a member of the South Korean-Chinese boy group EXO and its sub-unit EXO-CBX, as well as S.M Entertainment's ballad group SM the Ballad.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Luhan (entertainer)", "paragraph_text": "Lu Han (born (1990--)20 1990 ), also known as Luhan, is a Chinese singer and actor. He was a member of the South Korean-Chinese boy group EXO and its sub-group EXO-M, before leaving the group in October 2014. That year, he was ranked the sixth most popular entertainment star in China by China National Radio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "D.O. (entertainer)", "paragraph_text": "Do Kyung-soo (born (1993--) 12, 1993 ), better known by his stage name D.O., is a South Korean singer and actor. He is best known as a member and one of the main vocalists of the South Korean-Chinese boy group EXO. Apart from his group's activities, D.O. has also starred in various television dramas and movies such as \"Pure Love\" (2016) and \"My Annoying Brother\" (2016).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Underdog (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Underdog (Hangul:\u00a0\uc5b8\ub354\ub3c5 ; RR:\u00a0\"eondeodog \"; lit. Underdog ) is an upcoming South Korean theatrical animated film about the story of abandoned dogs. The film is directed by Lee Chun-baek and Oh Sung-yoon and stars Do Kyung-soo, Park So-dam and Park Chul-min in the lead roles. It will be released in summer of 2017.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Suho", "paragraph_text": "Kim Jun-myeon (born (1991--) 22, 1991 ), better known by his stage name Suho (meaning \"guardian\" in Korean), is a South Korean singer and actor. He is a member and leader of the South Korean-Chinese boy group EXO and its sub-unit EXO-K.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7e1cad55429965cec5ea75", "question_text": "Was Pocahontas made before Born in China?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Born in China", "paragraph_text": "Born in China (\u6211\u5011\u8a95\u751f\u5728\u4e2d\u570b) is a 2016 nature documentary film directed by Lu Chuan. A co-production between Disneynature and Shanghai Media Group, the film was released in China on August 12, 2016 and in the United States on April 21, 2017, one day before Earth Day. The film focuses on a female snow leopard named Dawa and her cubs, a young golden snub-nosed monkey named Tao Tao, a female giant panda named Ya Ya along with her daughter Mei Mei, and a herd of chiru. The American release of the film is narrated by John Krasinski and the Chinese release is narrated by Zhou Xun.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Wu Weishan", "paragraph_text": "Wu Weishan (; born: January 1962) is Curator of the National Art Museum of China,Vice-Chairman of the China Artists Association, President of the Chinese Academy of Sculpture and Director of the Academy of Fine Arts at Nanjing University. Wu has been actively promoting Chinese art on the world stage and has made great contribution to the international cultural exchange of China. He was awarded the First Award for Person of the Year in Art of P.R.C. in 2014 by RRC and was granted the title of \u201cArtists with High Moral Virtue and Artistic Achievements of China\u201d in 2015 and \u201cGoodwill Ambassador for China Voices\u201d by the State Council Information Office, P.R.C. in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pocahontas (1995 film)", "paragraph_text": "Pocahontas is a 1995 American animated musical romantic-comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures. The 33rd Disney animated feature film, the film is part of the era known as the Disney Renaissance which lasted from 1989 to 1999. Directed by Mike Gabriel and Eric Goldberg, the film is inspired by the known history and folklore surrounding the Native American woman Pocahontas and portrays a fictionalized account of her historical encounter with Englishman John Smith and the Jamestown settlers that arrived from the Virginia Company. The voice cast features Irene Bedard, Mel Gibson, David Ogden Stiers, Russell Means, Christian Bale, Billy Connolly, and Linda Hunt. The musical score was written by Alan Menken, with songs written by Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Japanese Buddhist architecture", "paragraph_text": "Japanese Buddhist architecture is the architecture of Buddhist temples in Japan, consisting of locally developed variants of architectural styles born in China. After Buddhism arrived the continent via Three Kingdoms of Korea in the 6th century, an effort was initially made to reproduce original buildings as faithfully as possible, but gradually local versions of continental styles were developed both to meet Japanese tastes and to solve problems posed by local weather, which is more rainy and humid than in China. The first Buddhist sects were Nara's six Nanto Rokush\u016b (\u5357\u90fd\u516d\u5b97 , Nara six sects ) , followed during the Heian period by Kyoto's Shingon and Tendai. Later, during the Kamakura period, in Kamakura were born the J\u014ddo and the native Japanese sect Nichiren-sh\u016b. At roughly the same time Zen Buddhism arrived from China, strongly influencing all other sects in many ways, including architecture. The social composition of Buddhism's followers also changed radically with time. In the beginning it was the elite's religion, but slowly it spread from the noble to warriors, merchants and finally to the population at large. On the technical side, new woodworking tools like the framed pit saw and the plane allowed new architectonic solutions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Liu Zhenhua", "paragraph_text": "Liu Zhenhua (; born 1921) is a People's Liberation Army general (shang jiang). He was born in Tai'an, Shandong Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1938. He was a veteran of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War and Korean War. He made significant contributions to the victories of the Battle of Jinzhou against Kuomintang forces of Liao Yaoxiang and the Pingjin Campaign against Kuomintang forces of Fu Zuoyi. He was an alternate member of the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a delegate to the 8th National People's Congress. In 1964, he was promoted to major general. He was Ambassador of China to Albania from 1971 to 1976. As Ambassador, he made improvement to China\u2013Greece relations by establishing diplomatic relations with Greece on June 6, 1972. In March 1979, he was made deputy political commissar of the Shenyang Military Region and political commissar of the Shenyang Military Region in October 1982. In 1987 he was transferred to the Beijing Military Region as its political commissar, holding that post until 1990. During his tenure in Beijing, he received his current rank of Shang Jiang in 1988.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Li Zhusheng", "paragraph_text": "Li Zhusheng () (1903\u20131973), also known as Li Mengda (), alias Yu Qiquan (), was a member of the 28 Bolsheviks. He was born in Anhui Province. In 1925, he left Anqing for the Soviet Union, where he studied at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University. In January 1931, he returned to China and went to Shanghai. On June 26, 1934, he was arrested by the Kuomintang secret police, and while imprisoned, betrayed other members of the Communist Party of China, including Sheng Zhongliang, another member of the 28 Bolsheviks who he had been classmates with in Moscow. In January 1935, he was given a position as a Russian language translator on the behalf of the CC Clique. In 1939, he was made a formal member of the Kuomintang. In 1948, he was made head Russian translator in Shanghai. In March 1951, he was arrested by the People's Republic of China police and brought to Beijing, where he was imprisoned in Qincheng Prison. He died of old age in prison.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Adam Tsuei", "paragraph_text": "Adam Tsuei (; born October 26, 1959) is an entrepreneur, film producer, and director. He was the former president of Sony Music Entertainment in the Greater China Region. He has made and brought to the music world super idols as Jay Chou, Leehom Wang, F4 and Jolin Tsai, which made him been viewed as one of the most powerful masters behind the scene in entertainment industry. In 2011, he successfully marketed the film \"You Are the Apple of My Eye\", a movie featuring a love story within a group of boys and a girl, which made a great hit among all Chinese-speaking countries. Decided to dedicating to movie industry, Tsuei founded Amazing Film Studio in 2012 and served as CEO. In 2013, by putting effort into producing, marketing and distributing, he presented the film\" Tiny Times\" and \"Tiny Times 2\". Both of them quickly becomes the hottest topics among mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. In 2014, with the same legend combination of Angie Chai and Giddens Ko, he presented\" Caf\u00e9. Waiting. Love\", a romantic comedy with color of fantasy inside. In the future of 2016, as a director and producer, Tsuei is going to present the film \u201cThe Tenants Downstairs\u201d, adapted by Giddens Ko\u2019s original novel. There will be a film with black humor, fantasy, mystery and thriller in. With the experience of being a professional manager in global enterprise for decades, Tsuei is aimed for building a total entertainment company for Greater China, including movie\u2019s production, movie\u2019s promotion, VFX, artist agency, music production and concert production.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Li Chengpeng", "paragraph_text": "Li Chengpeng () (born September 22, 1968) is a prominent writer and social critic in the People's Republic of China. Well known in China for his reportage and social commentary\u2014Li's Sina Weibo blog had nearly six million followers \u2014 (it is offline now) Li made international headlines in 2011 when he announced that he would seek political office as an independent candidate in his hometown of Chengdu, Sichuan province. While not technically illegal, the decision represented a rare and bold move in a country where candidates for political office are typically appointed by the Communist Party of China.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sun Chunlan", "paragraph_text": "Sun Chunlan (; born May 1950) is a Chinese politician. She currently serves as the Head of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and is a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China. From 2009 to 2014, Sun served in two prominent regional posts, first as Communist Party Secretary of Fujian province, then Party Secretary of Tianjin, one of China's four direct-controlled municipalities. Her tenure in Fujian made her the second female provincial-level party chief since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 (the first was Wan Shaofen).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Christian Bale filmography", "paragraph_text": "British actor Christian Bale has starred in various films, as well as advertisements and a video game. He made his acting debut in 1986, on the television film \"\". The following year, he made his film debut starring alongside John Malkovich and Miranda Richardson in the war film \"Empire of the Sun\". Bale's role of a young boy, interned in China by the Japanese, received praise from most film critics. Two years later, Bale had a minor role in \"Henry V\", a drama film based on William Shakespeare's play \"The Life of Henry the Fifth\". It has been considered one of the best Shakespeare film adaptations ever made. In 1992, Bale starred as Jack Kelly in the Walt Disney musical drama \"Newsies\", which was a critical and commercial failure; however, it gained a cult following. He received a role in the 1994 drama \"Little Women\", which garnered positive reviews. Bale lent his voice for the Disney animated film \"Pocahontas\" in 1995, although it received a mixed reception and attained box office success. He starred as British journalist Arthur Stuart in the Todd Haynes-directed drama \"Velvet Goldmine\" (1998). Although critics were divided on the film, Bale's role was \"eagerly anticipated\". Bale portrayed Demetrius in the critically praised 1999 film \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", an adaptation of Shakespeare's play of the same name, directed by Michael Hoffman. The same year, he portrayed Jesus of Nazareth in the television movie \"Mary, Mother of Jesus\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a84e61b5542997b5ce3ff86", "question_text": "The Simpsons episode that aired on February 19, 2012 entitled \"At Long Last Leave\" represented what milestone for the show? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["show's 500th episode"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "A Star Is Born Again", "paragraph_text": "\"A Star Is Born Again\" is the 13th episode from \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> fourteenth season. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 2, 2003. The episode owes much of its plot to \"Notting Hill\" (1999). While that film is about an actress (Julia Roberts) finding happiness with the owner of an independent bookstore, the Simpsons episode features Hollywood movie star Sara Sloane (Marisa Tomei) falling for Ned Flanders after visiting the Leftorium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of The Simpsons comics", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of comic book series based on the animated TV show The Simpsons and published by Bongo Comics in the United States. The first comic strips based on \"The Simpsons\" appeared in 1991 in the magazine \"Simpsons Illustrated\" (not to be confused with the comic publications from 2012 bearing the same name), which was a companion magazine to the show. The comic strips were popular and a one-shot comic book entitled \"Simpsons Comics and Stories\", containing three different stories, was released in 1993 for the fans. The book was a success and due to this, the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, and his companions Bill Morrison, Mike Rote, Steve Vance and Cindy Vance created the publishing company Bongo Comics. By the end of 1993, Bongo was publishing four titles: \"Simpsons Comics\", \"Bartman\", \"Radioactive Man\" and \"Itchy & Scratchy Comics\". Since then, many more titles have been published, out of which \"Simpsons Comics\", \"Bart Simpson\", \"Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror\", \"Simpsons Super Spectacular\", Simpsons Summer Shindig, and \"Simpsons Winter Wingding\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "You Kent Always Say What You Want", "paragraph_text": "\"You Kent Always Say What You Want\", formerly known as \"Kent State Massacre\", is the twenty-second episode of \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> eighteenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 20, 2007 as part of the one-hour season finale, alongside the episode \"24 Minutes\"; a repeat took place on August 19, 2007. It was the milestone 400th episode of \"The Simpsons\" and was written by Tim Long. The episode guest starred Ludacris as himself and Maurice LaMarche as the Fox announcer. It was the last episode to air prior to \"The Simpsons Movie\" releasing into theaters on July 27, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Simpsons (season 23)", "paragraph_text": "\"The Simpsons\"' twenty-third season began airing on Fox on September 25, 2011, and ended May 20, 2012. The showrunner for the season was Al Jean, with three episodes ran with Matt Selman, one of those he also wrote himself. The show's 500th episode, \"At Long Last Leave\", aired February 19, 2012.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Itchy &amp; Scratchy &amp; Poochie Show", "paragraph_text": "\"The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show\" is the fourteenth episode in the eighth season of the American animated television series \"The Simpsons\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 9, 1997. In the episode, \"The Itchy & Scratchy Show\" attempts to regain viewers by introducing a new character named Poochie, whose voice is provided by Homer. The episode is largely self-referential and satirizes the world of television production, fans of \"The Simpsons\", and the series itself. It was written by David X. Cohen and directed by Steven Dean Moore. Alex Rocco is a credited guest voice as Roger Meyers, Jr. for the third and final time (having previously provided the character's voice in \"Itchy & Scratchy & Marge\" and \"The Day the Violence Died\"); Phil Hartman also guest stars as Troy McClure. Poochie would become a minor recurring character and Comic Book Guy's catchphrase, \"Worst episode ever\", is introduced in this episode. With \"The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show\", the show's 167th episode, \"The Simpsons\" surpassed \"The Flintstones\" in the number of episodes produced for a prime-time animated series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Little Orphan Millie", "paragraph_text": "\"Little Orphan Millie\" is the sixth episode of \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> nineteenth season. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 11, 2007. This episode represents a milestone in Simpsons' history as it sees Kirk and Luann remarry after initially divorcing eleven seasons earlier. It was written by Mick Kelly, production assistant to Al Jean, and directed by Lance Kramer. During its first broadcast, the episode garnered 10.57 million viewers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Good Night (The Simpsons short)", "paragraph_text": "\"Good Night\" (also known as \"Good Night Simpsons\") is the first of forty-eight Simpsons shorts that appeared on the variety show \"The Tracey Ullman Show\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 19, 1987, during the third episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" and marks the first appearance of the Simpson family\u00a0\u2014 Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie\u00a0\u2014 on television. After three seasons on Tracey Ullman, the shorts would be adapted into the animated show \"The Simpsons\". \"Good Night\" has since been aired on the show in the episode \"The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular\" (in its entirety), along with several other Ullman shorts, and is one of the few shorts to ever be released on DVD, being included in the Season 1 DVD set.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular", "paragraph_text": "\"The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular\" is the tenth episode of \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> seventh season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 3, 1995. As the title suggests, it is the 138th episode and the third clip show episode of \"The Simpsons\", after \"\" and \"Another Simpsons Clip Show\". While the \"138th Episode Spectacular\" compiles sequences from episodes throughout the entire series like the previous two, it also shows clips from the original Simpsons shorts from \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" and other previously unaired material. Like the Halloween specials, the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show's regular continuity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Patty and Selma", "paragraph_text": "Patty and Selma Bouvier ( ) are fictional characters in the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\". They are identical twins (but with different hairstyles) and are both voiced by Julie Kavner. They are Marge Simpson's older twin sisters, who both work at the Springfield Department of Motor Vehicles, and possess a strong dislike for their brother-in-law, Homer Simpson. Selma is the elder by two minutes, and longs for male companionship while her sister, Patty, is a lesbian. Kavner voices them as characters who \"suck the life out of everything\". Patty and Selma first appeared on the first ever aired Simpsons episode \"Simpsons Roasting On An Open Fire\", which aired on December 17, 1989.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "At Long Last Leave", "paragraph_text": "\"At Long Last Leave\" is the fourteenth episode of \"The Simpsons\"' twenty-third season, and the 500th episode overall of the series. In the episode, the Simpsons discover that the inhabitants of Springfield have grown tired of them and have secretly decided to throw them out of the city. After being evicted from Springfield, the family members end up in a rugged place without rules and regulations called The Outlands. There, they briefly come across their neighbor Julian Assange, who created WikiLeaks. Assange, who is in fear of extradition to Sweden and then the United States, guest-starred in the episode as himself and recorded his lines over the phone having been granted asylum in the Ecuadorian embassy in Britain, while waiting for the results of \"Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority\".", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae326e95542990afbd1e0b6", "question_text": "Where is the American Hockey League, that Dan Frawley played in, located?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["United States and Canada"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Dan Frawley", "paragraph_text": "Dan Frawley (1882\u20131967) was a pioneer Australian rugby league footballer, a national representative player. He played his career as a winger with the Eastern Suburbs club in Sydney and is considered one of the nation's finest footballers of the 20th century. A fast and agile winger, with an ability to effortlessly change direction, Frawley was at club and representative levels generally positioned on the outside of rugby league Immortal Dally Messenger, creating a formidable combination. He was a noted speedster who, on the 1908\u201309 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain, was acclaimed as the \"100 yards champion\" of the squad.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bryan Helmer", "paragraph_text": "Bryan Berry Helmer (born July 15, 1972) is a former professional ice hockey player. He is currently the VP of Hockey Operations with the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League (AHL). He previously served as an assistant coach with the Bears and the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). A veteran of over 1,000 AHL and IHL games, Helmer previously served as captain for the Hershey Bears in the American Hockey League (AHL). He has also played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Phoenix Coyotes, St. Louis Blues, Vancouver Canucks and the Washington Capitals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Dan Frawley (ice hockey)", "paragraph_text": "William Daniel Frawley (born June 2, 1962) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. During his junior hockey years, Frawley played for the Sudbury Wolves of the OHA and the Cornwall Royals of the QMJHL, before being drafted by the Chicago Black Hawks, 204th overall in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. Frawley spent most of the next two years playing in the AHL.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Don O'Hearn", "paragraph_text": "Donald \"Nipper\" O'Hearn (February 14, 1928 \u2013 January 25, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played over 200 games combined in the Pacific Coast Hockey League, United States Hockey League, American Hockey League, Maritime Major Hockey League, Quebec Hockey League, International Hockey League, and Eastern Hockey League. He was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia and raised in St. Catharines, Ontario. He died after a long illness in a hospital at St. Catharines in 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Philadelphia Arrows", "paragraph_text": "The Philadelphia Arrows were a professional ice hockey team that played in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1927, the club was Philadelphia's first professional hockey team and played in the Canadian-American Hockey League. The team changed its name to the Philadelphia Ramblers beginning with the 1935-36 season when it became affiliated with the NHL New York Rangers. The following season and Ramblers and the C-AHL began playing an interlocking schedule with the International Hockey League for two seasons before the two circuits formally merged to form a new International American Hockey League (renamed the American Hockey League in 1940) in June, 1938. (The Ramblers continued to play in this league until folding in 1941.)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Bob Sullivan (ice hockey)", "paragraph_text": "Robert James Sullivan (born November 29, 1957) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 62 games in the National Hockey League. He played for the Hartford Whalers. Prior to joining the NHL, Sullivan played in the American Hockey League and International Hockey League, winning the Dudley \"Red\" Garrett Memorial Award as the rookie of the year in the American Hockey League in 1981\u201382.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Marcel Cousineau", "paragraph_text": "Marcel Cousineau (born April 30, 1973) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 26 games in the National Hockey League. He was selected by Boston Bruins in third round of the NHL draft. As a rookie, he was named to the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League All-Rookie Team. He also played professionally for the Toronto Maple Leafs (1996\u201398), New York Islanders (1998\u201399), Los Angeles Kings (1999-2000). Between his starts in the NHL he played stints in the minors (American Hockey League, International Hockey League, Quebec Senior Hockey League, Ligue Nord-Am\u00e9ricaine de Hockey) and overseas Russia (Kontinental Hockey League):", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of AHL seasons", "paragraph_text": "The American Hockey League is a minor professional ice hockey league in the United States and Canada. It serves as the top developmental league for the National Hockey League. The league played its first season in 1936 as the International-American Hockey League, a \"circuit of mutual convenience\" formed when the Northeast-based Canadian-American Hockey League and the Midwest-based International Hockey League agreed to play an interlocking schedule. After two seasons, the leagues formally merged into a unified league under the I-AHL name. After the 1939\u201340 season, the league became known as the American Hockey League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "American Hockey League", "paragraph_text": "The American Hockey League (AHL) is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental league for the National Hockey League (NHL). Since the 2010\u201311 season, every team in the league has an affiliation agreement with one NHL team. When NHL teams do not have an AHL affiliate, players are assigned to AHL teams affiliated with other NHL teams. Twenty-six AHL teams are located in the United States and the remaining four are in Canada. The league offices are located in Springfield, Massachusetts, and its current president is David Andrews.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "John Torchetti", "paragraph_text": "John Torchetti (born July 9, 1964) is a former American ice hockey player, and current assistant coach for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL). Torchetti previously served as the head coach for the San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League (2002\u20132003), the Moncton Wildcats of the QMJHL (2006\u20132007), the Iowa Wild of the American Hockey League (2014\u20132016), and interim head coach of the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (2016). He also served as an assistant coach with the Tampa Bay Lightning, Atlanta Thrashers, and Chicago Blackhawks; Kontinental Hockey League's HC CSKA Moscow. Torchetti was also the interim head coach for the Florida Panthers, and the Los Angeles Kings.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7b43735542992d025e67cb", "question_text": "what type of media does Ratatouille and PlayStation 3 have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["video game"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of Rock Band Network songs", "paragraph_text": "The \"Rock Band\" Network in the music video games \"Rock Band 2\" and \"Rock Band 3\" supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii veins throughout the consoles' respective online services. The Rock Band Network Store became publicly available on March 4, 2010 for all Xbox 360 players in selected countries (US, Canada, UK, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Sweden, and Singapore). Rock Band Network songs became available on the PlayStation 3 in five song intervals through their own Rock Band Network Store on April 22, 2010. Starting on April 12, 2011, up to 10 songs were added weekly to the PlayStation 3 platform until June 14, 2011 when it reverted to five song intervals. Also, starting on June 14, 2011, PlayStation 3 Rock Band Network songs will only be compatible with Rock Band 3. Rock Band Network became available on the Wii in six to 10 song intervals from September 7, 2010 to January 18, 2011. Rock Band Network songs will be exclusive to the Xbox 360 for 30 days, after which a selection of songs will be made available on the PlayStation 3 and Wii. As of January 18, 2011, no further Rock Band Network songs will be released on the Wii platform due to Nintendo's small online install base, limited demand for the songs and the significant amount of work each song needs to convert to the Wii.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Siren: Blood Curse", "paragraph_text": "Siren: Blood Curse, known in Japan as Siren: New Translation (\u30b5\u30a4\u30ec\u30f3:\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc \u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 , Sairen:Ny\u016b Toransur\u0113shon ) , is a survival horror stealth game and the third installment in the \"Siren\" game series. Developed for the PlayStation 3 by Project Siren, a development team of SCE Japan Studio, and published by Sony Computer Entertainment, \"Blood Curse\" first became available in Japan for the PlayStation 3 on July 24, 2008 whilst it became available on the PlayStation Store in North America and Europe on exactly the same date. It later became available on the PlayStation Store in Australia on October 29, 2008 and for the PlayStation 3 one day later in the same country. It became available for the PlayStation 3 in Europe on October 31, 2008 and on the PlayStation Store in Japan on December 11, 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Thatgamecompany", "paragraph_text": "Thatgamecompany, LLC (stylized as thatgamecompany) is an American independent video game development company co-founded by University of Southern California students Jenova Chen and Kellee Santiago in 2006. The company was a developer for Sony Computer Entertainment, contracted to create three downloadable games for the PlayStation 3's PlayStation Network service, and has since secured independent funding. The first of their games is a remake of Chen's award-winning Flash title \"Flow\", with enhanced visuals and sound, added multiplayer modes and compatibility with the PlayStation 3's motion sensitive controller. The title was released on the PlayStation Store in 2007. The company's second PlayStation 3 game, \"Flower\", was released on the PlayStation Store in 2009, and their third game, \"Journey\", was released in March 2012 on the PlayStation Store. Their fourth game, \"Sky\", is currently planned for a winter 2017 release, with a timed exclusive on iOS devices.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Entwined (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Entwined is a rhythm game developed by PixelOpus, a studio which consists of former game design students and is part of SCE Worldwide Studios, for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita. The game was announced at Sony's E3 media briefing on June 9, 2014 and was released worldwide on the PlayStation Store for the PlayStation 4 on the same day. The PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita version were released approximately a month later, and since \"Entwined\" is a cross-buy title, these two versions are available at no extra cost for anyone who has purchased the PlayStation 4 version.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Zen Pinball", "paragraph_text": "Zen Pinball is a series of pinball machine video games for iOS and the PlayStation 3 developed by Zen Studios. The iOS releases are two separate applications, each containing one table; Zen Pinball: Rollercoaster, released July 7, 2008, and Zen Pinball: Inferno, released October 31, 2008. \"Zen Pinball\" for the PlayStation 3 was published by Sony Computer Entertainment and features four tables, plus an additional six tables as downloadable content. It was released on the PlayStation Network on May 14, 2009. It is the PlayStation 3 counterpart to the \"Pinball FX\" series on the Xbox 360, and the first pinball game on the PlayStation 3. The game was also released on Android devices as Zen Pinball THD on December 1, 2011, and the Nintendo 3DS as Zen Pinball 3D via the Nintendo eShop on December 1, 2011 in Europe and January 12, 2012 in North America.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Killzone (series)", "paragraph_text": "Killzone is a first-person and twin sticks shooter series of video games exclusively for Sony Computer Entertainment's (SCE) video game consoles. The main series and the PlayStation Portable (PSP) installment were developed by Guerrilla Games, a subsidiary of SCE, and the PlayStation Vita installment was developed by Guerrilla Cambridge in the United Kingdom. \"Killzone\" currently consists of six games spanning over the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, and the PlayStation 4. The series began on the PlayStation 2 in November 2004 with \"Killzone\", and continued on the PlayStation Portable in October 2006 with \"\". \" Killzone 2\" was released for the PlayStation 3 in February 2009 , and \"Killzone 3\" was released in February 2011 , also for the PlayStation 3. \"\" was released for the PlayStation Vita in September 2013, followed by \"Killzone Shadow Fall\", a launch title for the PlayStation 4, in November 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "PlayStation 3", "paragraph_text": "The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It is the successor to PlayStation 2, and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November 17, 2006, in North America, and March 23, 2007, in Europe and Australia. The PlayStation 3 mainly competes against consoles such as Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Marvel Pinball", "paragraph_text": "Marvel Pinball is an arcade pinball video game developed by Zen Studios. It features Marvel Comics-themed pinball tables. It is available as a standalone game for the PlayStation 3 via the PlayStation Network, and as downloadable content for \"Pinball FX 2\" on the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade. Its content on the PlayStation 3 is also playable in \"Zen Pinball 2\". It is the second pinball title for the PlayStation 3, succeeding \"Zen Pinball\". It was released on December 8, 2010 on the Xbox 360 and December 14, 2010 on the PlayStation 3.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Rock Band Network 1.0 songs", "paragraph_text": "The \"Rock Band\" Network in the music video games \"Rock Band 2\" and \"Rock Band 3\" supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii versions through the consoles' respective online services. The Rock Band Network Store became publicly available on March 4, 2010 for all Xbox 360 players in selected countries (US, Canada, UK, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Sweden, and Singapore). Rock Band Network songs became available on the PlayStation 3 in five song intervals through their own Rock Band Network Store on April 22, 2010. Starting on April 12, 2011, up to 10 songs were added weekly to the PlayStation 3 platform until June 14, 2011 when it reverted to five song intervals. Also, starting on June 14, 2011, PlayStation 3 Rock Band Network songs will only be compatible with Rock Band 3. Rock Band Network became available on the Wii in six to 10 song intervals from September 7, 2010 to January 18, 2011. Rock Band Network songs will be exclusive to the Xbox 360 for 30 days, after which a selection of songs will be made available on the PlayStation 3 and Wii. As of January 18, 2011, no further Rock Band Network songs will be released on the Wii platform due to Nintendo's small online install base, limited demand for the songs and the significant amount of work each song needs to convert to the Wii.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ratatouille (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Ratatouille is a video game based on the Pixar film of the same name. It was developed at Heavy Iron Studios and released by THQ, on June 26, 2007. \"Ratatouille\" was released on thirteen systems\u2014Wii, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, PSP, Xbox 360, Xbox, Nintendo GameCube, Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, OS X, J2ME, and mobile phone.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abd889f55429924427fd046", "question_text": "What number installment of the Ghost School and Ghost School Horror was the film Voice?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["4"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Julius Roden", "paragraph_text": "The first contribution of Julius Roden in the world of independent cinema was the old school horror movie Kasambahay (The Dead's Grin), - released in 2008 at the U.P. Film Institute.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kotodama \u2013 Spiritual Curse", "paragraph_text": "Kotodama \u2013 Spiritual Curse (\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u602a\u8ac7\u3000\u546a\u3044\u306e\u8a00\u970a , Gakk\u014d no Kaidan Noroi no Kotodama ) is a 2014 Japanese school horror film written and directed by Masayuki Ochiai and based on \"Gakk\u014d no Kaidan\". The main cast includes the five members of the Japanese idol girl group Tokyo Girls' Style. The film was released on May 23, 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Togusa", "paragraph_text": "Togusa (Japanese: \u30c8\u30b0\u30b5 ) is the second most prominently featured male character in Masamune Shirow's \"Ghost in the Shell\" manga and anime series. In \"\", as well as the original \"Ghost in the Shell\" film, it is stated that he is the youngest member of Section 9 and the only family man. His voice is provided by K\u014dichi Yamadera in most of his Japanese-speaking appearances, while Hirotaka Suzuoki provides his voice in the \"Ghost in the Shell\" PlayStation game. In the film's English dub he is voiced by Christopher Joyce, while Crispin Freeman performs his voice in the English dub of the TV series and the English dub of \"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Crimson Ghost", "paragraph_text": "The Crimson Ghost is a 1946 Republic film serial directed by Fred C. Brannon and William Witney with Charles Quigley and Linda Stirling playing the leads. This was Witney's last serial, after a career that left him one of the most praised of all serial directors. The serial was re-released as a six-episode television series in the 1950s and as a television film called Cyclotrode \"X\" in 1966. In the 1990s \"The Crimson Ghost\" was one of only two Republic serials to be colorised. The villain of the serial, the Crimson Ghost of the title, is one of the most visually striking of the medium. The horror punk band Misfits adapted his visage as their skull logo, and he has appeared in the music video for the song \"The Number of the Beast\" by Iron Maiden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Puzzle (2014 film)", "paragraph_text": "Puzzle (\u30d1\u30ba\u30eb ) is a 2014 Japanese school horror film directed by Eisuke Naito and based on the novel by Yusuke Yamada. It was released on March 8, 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "School Ghost Stories", "paragraph_text": "School Ghost Stories (\u5b66\u6821\u306e\u602a\u8ac7 , Gakk\u014d no Kaidan ) is a 1995 Japanese film directed by Hideyuki Hirayama. The film is the first of the \"School Ghost Stories\" features, and was followed by \"School Ghost Stories 2\" in 1996.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Whispering Corridors (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Whispering Corridors (; also known as Ghost School and Ghost School Horror) is a South Korean horror film series. The series uses an all-girls high school as the backdrop for each of its films and doesn't share a continuing plot. Every \"Whispering Corridors\" film features a different plot, characters and settings. The series is notable for helping generate the explosion of the New Korean Wave cinematic movement, and dealing with taboo topics such as authoritarianism in the harsh South Korean education system, gay relationships and teen suicide, following the liberalization of censorship.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ghost Banana Tree", "paragraph_text": "Ghost Banana Tree (Cambodian title: \"Khmoach Daoem Chek Chvia\", Khmer: \u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u1785\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1787\u17d2\u179c\u17b6 ) is a 2005 film. It is a successful Cambodian horror film based on a Cambodian ghost story about a vengeful ghost woman haunting a banana tree and killing her husband. It's the fourth successful horror film by Campro production, following \"ang Neath\", \"The Forest\" and \"The Haunted House\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cha Ye-ryun", "paragraph_text": "Cha Ye-ryun (born Park Hyun-Ho on July 16, 1985) is a South Korean actress. A graduate of Sangmyung High School, she began acting in 2005 at the age of 20, when she had a supporting role in the horror film Voice. In 2007, she made her official television debut as one of the main cast members in the melodrama Bad Love. Cha played her first leading role in the 2014 romantic-comedy film The Actress Is Too Much.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Voice (film)", "paragraph_text": "Voice ( also known as Whispering Corridors 4: Voice and Voice Letter) is a 2005 South Korean horror film, and the fourth installment of the \"Whispering Corridors\" film series. This film was the debut film for its three young actresses, as well as director Choi Ik-Hwan, who had served as an assistant director on the first film of the series.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a79102a554299148911f9da", "question_text": "This team which is moving from Oakland, California to Las Vegas Nevada with share its stadium with what college?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["University of Nevada, Las Vegas"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The D Las Vegas", "paragraph_text": "The D Las Vegas Casino Hotel is a 34-story, 638-room hotel and casino in Downtown Las Vegas Nevada, owned and operated by Derek and Greg Stevens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Se\u00f1orita M\u00e9xico", "paragraph_text": "Se\u00f1orita M\u00e9xico was the name of a national beauty pageant in Mexico, celebrated since 1952. After 2005, the pageant changed its name to \"Miss Mexico\". From 1952 to 1994, was the official pageant responsible for sending the country's representatives to the Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International and other international pageants. After the crowning of Lupita Jones, as the country's first Miss Universe, a dispute between Miss Jones and the pageant organizers over overdued prizes, led to a break of the longtime association between the pageant and the broadcast network Televisa. When the pageant moved to another network TV Azteca, a competing pageant called \"Nuestra Belleza M\u00e9xico\" was created, later directed by Miss Jones with the sponsorship of the Televisa TV Network. in 1994 Se\u00f1orita M\u00e9xico lost the bid to Nuestra Belleza M\u00e9xico to be the official pageant for the Miss Universe pageant. Later Nuestra Belleza M\u00e9xico also obtained the rights of sending Mexico's representatives to Miss World and Miss International. However, the \"Miss Mexico\" pageant still sends representatives to other international pageants. The trade name Se\u00f1orita Mexico was trademarked in the United States, by Venezuelan Entrepreneur Adan S. Perez CEO of The Miss Mexico Organization with headquarters in Las Vegas Nevada who produces The Se\u00f1orita Mexico U.S. beauty pageant. He developed a franchise system in every state of The Union to bring girls from all over the United States to compete in national beauty event which takes place every year in Las Vegas. Adan Perez has been producing the national competition Se\u00f1orita Mexico U.S in Las Vegas, since the year of 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Las Vegas Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Las Vegas Stadium is the working name for a domed stadium under construction in Paradise, Nevada for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) and the UNLV Rebels football team from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). It is located on about 62 acres west of Mandalay Bay at Russell Road and Hacienda Avenue and between Polaris Avenue and Dean Martin Drive, just west of Interstate 15. Construction of the $1.9 billion stadium began in September 2017 and is expected to be completed in time for the 2020 NFL season.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas", "paragraph_text": "The Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas was a successful effort by the owner of the Oakland Raiders (Mark Davis) to relocate the American football club from its current and longtime home of Oakland, California to Las Vegas, Nevada. The team is scheduled to begin play as the Las Vegas Raiders for the 2020 National Football League (NFL) season (although a move to Las Vegas could happen as soon as 2019 with Sam Boyd Stadium), playing home games at the Las Vegas Stadium. NFL team owners voted 31\u20131 to approve the move, which was announced at the annual league meetings in Phoenix, Arizona on March 27, 2017. The Raiders became the third NFL franchise to relocate in the 2010s, following the Rams' move from St. Louis, Missouri to Los Angeles, California on January 12, 2016, and the Chargers' move from San Diego, California to Los Angeles on January 12, 2017. The Raiders' move to Las Vegas comes after years of failed efforts to renovate or replace the Oakland\u2013Alameda County Coliseum, which has been rated by multiple sources as one of the worst stadiums in the NFL.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Air Vegas", "paragraph_text": "Air Vegas (IATA: 6V,\u00a0ICAO: VGA,\u00a0Call sign: Air Vegas) was an airline with its headquarters on the grounds of the North Las Vegas Air Terminal in North Las Vegas, Nevada. It operated daily sightseeing flights from Las Vegas to the Grand Canyon. Prior to moving to the North Las Vegas Airport its main bases were McCarran International Airport (LAS), Las Vegas and Henderson Executive Airport (HND), Las Vegas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Las Vegas Uncork'd", "paragraph_text": "Las Vegas Uncork'd (also referred to as Vegas Uncork'd and Vegas Uncorked) is an annual culinary and wine event in Las Vegas, Nevada. The concept was developed by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, their advertising agency R&R Partners and Las Vegas resort partners who originally considered a number of magazine partners such as Bon Appetit, Food & Wine and Gourmet. Bon Appetit was selected as the magazine partner after a review with each magazine. The event was launched in 2007 by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, \"Bon App\u00e9tit\" magazine led by Editor-in-Chief Barbara Fairchild and co-creator and Executive Director Rob O'Keefe who led the first five years of development of what Eater.com called \"the world's most innovative culinary event\". Las Vegas resort partners over the years include Bellagio, Caesars Palace and Wynn Las Vegas, MGM Grand, Mandalay Bay, The Venetian, Las Vegas and The Palazzo and each year the event features more than 80 celebrated chefs and over 25 events occurring over a spectacular four-day weekend.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "E. Brent Bryson", "paragraph_text": "E. Brent Bryson (born June 19, 1957, in Wise, Virginia) is a nationally recognized criminal defense attorney based out of Las Vegas Nevada for the last 20 years. He was involved in the O.J. Simpson Las Vegas robbery case, in which he defended Simpson's co-defendant, Clarence \"C.J.\" Stewart, who was ultimately convicted along with Simpson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Richard Ziser", "paragraph_text": "Richard Ziser is a Nevada Real Estate Investor, Socially Conservative Political activist and U.S. Republican Politician. He was born June 7, 1953, in Pomona, CA., and has resided in Las Vegas Nevada since 1991. He graduated from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona) with a BS in Industrial Engineering, 1976; then subsequently from Simon Greenleaf University in Santa Ana, Ca. (now a campus of Trinity International University, with an MA in Christian Apologetics in 1989.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area", "paragraph_text": "The Las Vegas metropolitan area is home to many sports, most of which take place in the unincorporated communities around Las Vegas rather than in the city itself. The Las Vegas Valley has one major league professional team: the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL) who began play in 2017 as the region's first major pro team. The Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) will begin play in Las Vegas as the \"Las Vegas Raiders\" by 2020 and become the region's second major professional team. Las Vegas is also home to one minor league sports team: the Las Vegas 51s of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League (Minor League Baseball). The 51s are currently the only team to actually play in the city of Las Vegas, playing at the city owned Cashman Field. They will be joined in 2018 by the Las Vegas Lights FC of the United Soccer League, one of two leagues that collectively make up the second level of the U.S. men's soccer league system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Las Vegas\u2013Paradise, NV MSA", "paragraph_text": "The Las Vegas\u2013Paradise, NV MSA, also known as the Las Vegas\u2013Henderson\u2013Paradise, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area (2013), is in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada, coextensive since 2003 with Clark County, Nevada. A central part of the metropolitan area is the Las Vegas Valley, a 600 sqmi basin that includes the metropolitan area's largest city, Las Vegas as well as the other primary city, Paradise, Nevada. The area contains the largest concentration of people in the state. Cities in the metropolitan area include Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Boulder City. The metropolitan area is one of the top tourist destinations in the world, drawing over 40 million international and domestic visitors in 2013 with a GMP of US$103.3 billion.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a84c4b05542991dd0999deb", "question_text": "Are both Forman Christian College and Purbanchal University public schools?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Charles William Forman", "paragraph_text": "Charles William Forman (1821\u20131894) was a Presbyterian minister, missionary and the founder of Forman Christian College, a private university in Lahore, Pakistan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Scott Christian College", "paragraph_text": "The Scott Christian College is a college in Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu. It was established in 1809. It is one \"A\" College under NAAC ranking and is rated 5-star. It is also one of the nine colleges in Tamil nadu which were recognised by the central government as 'Institutes of Potential Research and Excellence' along with Madras University and Madurai Kamaraj University. Scott Christian College is one of the earliest colleges in India along with Fort William College, Calcutta, started in 1800 which was closed in 1835, the Hindu College established in 1817 which was later named as Presidency University, Kolkata; the Serampore College in Serampore (Bengal) established in 1818 and the Bishop\u2019s College, Calcutta(1820). It is the oldest college in the Erstwhile state of Travancore and Madras Presidency. Wikipedia says: \"The Maharaja had occasion to visit a school that was imparting instruction in English at Nagarcoil under the auspices of the London Missionary Society (LMS). He was impressed by the school and the quality of the education given there and was convinced that the new type of school held out great prospects for the people of the state. The school later evolved into Scott Christian College, Nagercoil. Shortly thereafter he invited Mr. Roberts who was in-charge of the school at Nagarcoil to come to Thiruvananthapuram and start a similar school there. The educationist, who was an Englishman, agreed and a new school was started in 1834.\" The school started by Mr. Roberts has now blossomed into the University College, Thiruvananthapuram. So Scott Christian College is also linked to University college, and both are now reputed colleges. The alumni of the college are called Scottians.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Purbanchal University", "paragraph_text": "Purbanchal University (PU) is a public university in Biratnagar, the economic centre of Nepal. It was established in 1993 by the government of Nepal. It is on over 545 hectares.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kshitiz Educational Foundation", "paragraph_text": "Kshitiz Educational Foundation is an institution of higher education at Tetari Gaachhi, Rajbiraj, Nepal. The college is established in 2010. The college belongs to the first group of colleges in Rajbiraj to receive academic accreditation from the Purbanchal University. At the beginning, the college offers only student of Bachelor in Business Administration (BBA) stream under Purbanchal University. Later the college authority offer 10+2 level courses.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "WES Feminist Comic Con", "paragraph_text": "The WES Feminist Comic Con is an annual event held by the Women Empowerment Society from Forman Christian College in Lahore, Pakistan. The two day event focuses on bringing together fans from around the country, with a focus on celebrating women, either as the characters or as the creators in comic books, films, and other forms of media. The WES Feminist Comic Con first took place on November 2nd, 2016, at Forman Christian College, and is scheduled to take place again on the 17th and 18th of November, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Forman Christian College", "paragraph_text": "Forman Christian College is a independent research liberal arts university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan founded in 1864. The university is administered by the Presbyterian Church and follows an American-style curriculum.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jehangir Khan Tareen", "paragraph_text": "Jahangir Khan Tareen (Urdu: \u200e ; born 4 July 1953) is a Pakistani politician and businessman who is currently a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan and serving as the Secretary General of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). Born in Comilla, Tareen was educated at the Forman Christian College, Lahore, and later attended the University of North Carolina. Prior to entering politics, he had been a lecturer, and a banker.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Salman Humayun", "paragraph_text": "Salman Humayun (Urdu: \u200e ) is a public policy expert with experience in managing, designing and delivering technical assistance and reform programs especially focusing on governance and education sectors in Pakistan. He is currently the executive director at Institute of Social and Policy Sciences and the co-editor of Journal of Social and Policy Sciences. He is also member board of advisors at Centre for Public Policy and Governance, Forman Christian College, Pakistan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Caliber International College", "paragraph_text": "Caliber International College is an institution of higher education at Rajbiraj, Nepal. The college is established in 2006. The founder of the college is Arun Yadav. The college belongs to the first group of colleges in Rajbiraj to receive academic accreditation from the Purbanchal University. The college offer 10+2 and Bachelor level courses. This is the first college in Rajbiraj which offer Bachelor in Business Administration (BBA) stream under Purbanchal University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hervey De Witt Griswold", "paragraph_text": "Hervey De Witt Griswold was born on May 24, 1860 in Dryden, New York to Benjamin and Laura Eliza (Hurd) Griswold. He attended Union College in Schenectady, New York from 1881 to 1885, and then went to Union Theological Seminary in New York City from 1885 to 1888. During the following two years Griswold had a fellowship at Oxford and Berlin Universities. Griswold began his 36-year-long career as a missionary in 1890 in Jhansi, India as a representative of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. In 1894 Griswold became Professor of Philosophy at Forman Christian College in Lahore, India (now Pakistan), teaching English and history there as well. As its librarian Griswold built the Foreman Christian College Library, adding a substantial number of books on religion and philosophy to the collection. Griswold also served as secretary of the India Council of the Presbyterian Missions. In 1900 Griswold received his Ph.D. from Cornell University, based on his thesis on the Indian Philosophy known as Brahman. In 1910 Griswold obtained his Doctor of Divinity. A prolific writer, he wrote about Hinduism and other Indian religions. He also wrote about the Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, at a time when Ahmad was alive, and critically analyzed his claims to be the promised Messiah and Mahdi.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae4a1ef55429970de88d9e7", "question_text": "When was the  Argentine former footballer which  Dutch manager Ronald Koeman replaced in  2014\u201315 Southampton F.C. season born", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["2 March 1972"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "2017\u201318 Southampton F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 2017\u201318 Southampton F.C. season is the club's 19th season in the Premier League and 41st in the top division of English football. In addition to the Premier League, the club will also compete in the FA Cup and competed in the EFL Cup. The season is the club's first with manager Mauricio Pellegrino, who replaced the departed Claude Puel after one season in charge on 23 June 2017. As of 30 September 2017, Southampton are twelfth in the Premier League table having won two, drawn two and lost three of their first seven matches of the season. They were knocked out of the EFL Cup in the second round by Wolverhampton Wanderers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mauricio Pochettino", "paragraph_text": "Mauricio Roberto Pochettino (] , ] ; born 2 March 1972) is an Argentine former footballer who played as a central defender, and is the current manager of Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "1946\u201347 Southampton F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 1946\u201347 Southampton F.C. season was the club's 18th season in the Football League Second Division and their 20th in the Football League. Southampton finished the season in 14th place in the league table, having won 15, drawn 9 and lost 18 of their 42 matches. The club also made it to the fourth round of the FA Cup. Inside forward Jack Bradley finished the season as the club's top scorer in the league with 14 goals, while centre forward George Lewis finished as joint top scorer in all competitions alongside Bradley, with 15 goals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ronald Koeman", "paragraph_text": "Ronald Koeman (] ; born 21 March 1963) is a former Dutch footballer and the current manager of English club Everton. He is the younger brother of former Feyenoord coach Erwin Koeman and the son of former Dutch international Martin Koeman. A composed player on the ball, Koeman was capable of being deployed both as a defender and as a midfielder, and he frequently played as a sweeper, due to his vision and his ability on the ball. Regarded as one of the best and most prolific attacking central defenders of all time, Koeman was renowned for his long-range passing, as well as his shooting accuracy and power from distance, especially on free kicks, and is the top scoring defender in world football; he was also an accurate penalty kick taker.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2010\u201311 Southampton F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 2010\u201311 Southampton F.C. season was the club's 71st and sixth consecutive season in The Football League, and their second in League One. Having narrowly missed out on the chance of promotion the previous season, Southampton were again seeking to reclaim their place in The Championship by being promoted in 2011. Before the commencement of the campaign, Southampton were slated as the favourites to win the League One title by a number of bookmakers, commentators and fans.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "2014\u201315 Southampton F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 2014\u201315 Southampton F.C. season was the club's 16th season in the Premier League and their 38th in the top division of English football. It was also the club's first season with Dutch manager Ronald Koeman, who replaced Mauricio Pochettino on 16 June 2014. Southampton finished seventh in the Premier League, having won 18, drawn six and lost 14 matches. The club also made it to the fourth round of the FA Cup and the fifth round of the League Cup.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "2013\u201314 Feyenoord season", "paragraph_text": "The 2013\u201314 season was Feyenoord's 106th season of play, it marked its 58th season in the Eredivisie and its 92nd consecutive season in the top flight of Dutch football. They ended their league campaign as runners-up. They entered the KNVB Cup in the second round and reached the quarter-final. Their Europa League appearance consisted of the play-off round. It was the third straight season with manager Ronald Koeman, who did not renew his contract at the conclusion of the season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2016\u201317 Southampton F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 2016\u201317 Southampton F.C. season was the club's 18th season in the Premier League and their 40th in the top division of English football. In addition to the 2016\u201317 Premier League, the club also competed in the FA Cup, EFL Cup and UEFA Europa League. The season was the club's only campaign with manager Claude Puel, who took over from Ronald Koeman on 30 June 2016. The club finished eighth in the Premier League table, having won twelve, drawn ten and lost sixteen of their 38 matches played. They were knocked out of the UEFA Europa League at the group stage, having won two, drawn two and lost two of their matches, and the FA Cup in the fourth round, while they finished as runners-up in the EFL Cup Final losing 3\u20132 to Manchester United.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2013\u201314 Southampton F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 2013\u201314 Southampton F.C. season was the club's 15th season in the Premier League, and their 37th in the top division of English football. Having secured their place in the Premier League the previous season following a seven-year absence from the top flight, the club progressed in their league performance and achieved their main aim of a top-ten finish. Southampton finished eighth in the Premier League table, having won 15, drawn 11, and lost 12 of their 38 games played: their best season since 2002\u201303. They also made it to the fifth round of the FA Cup and the fourth round of the League Cup.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "2012\u201313 Feyenoord season", "paragraph_text": "The 2012\u201313 season was Feyenoord's 105th season of play, it was their 57th season in the Eredivisie and its 91st consecutive season in the highest Dutch football division. The club ended its league campaign in third place, being undefeated at home, and reached the quarter-finals of the KNVB Cup. Their European campaign ended after four matches, two each in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League. It was the club's second season under manager Ronald Koeman.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae03cd855429924de1b7072", "question_text": "Were Paul \u00c9luard and Georges Bataille from the same country?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Paul \u00c9luard", "paragraph_text": "Paul \u00c9luard (] ), born Eug\u00e8ne \u00c9mile Paul Grindel (] ; 14 December 1895 \u2013 18 November 1952), was a French poet and one of the founders of the surrealist movement.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye", "paragraph_text": "Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye is a 2004 experimental film adaptation of the 1928 novel \"Story of the Eye\" by the French writer Georges Bataille. The film, directed by Andrew Repasky McElhinney, takes place in a seemingly abandoned house where a group of people engage in wordless acts of passion. The film covers a period from evening to morning, and the sexual couplings among the members of the house becomes increasingly harrowing as daylight arrives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Poclain", "paragraph_text": "Poclain is a family company founded by Georges Bataille in France in 1927, then developed by his sons Pierre and Claude Bataille, with help from Jacques and Bernard Bataille.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Accursed Share", "paragraph_text": "The Accursed Share: An Essay on General Economy (French: \"La Part maudite\" ) is a book about political economy by the French intellectual Georges Bataille. Written between 1946 and 1949 and collected in volume seven of Bataille's complete works, it comprises three volumes: \"Consumption\", \"The History of Eroticism\", and \"Sovereignty.\" First published by Les \u00c9ditions de Minuit in 1949, the book was re-edited in 1967, and was published in English translation in 1988 by Zone Books, in a two-volume edition. \"The Accursed Share\" is considered one of the most important of Bataille's books. However, it received mixed reviews on the publication of its English translation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Laurence Bataille", "paragraph_text": "Laurence Bataille (1930\u20131986) was a French psychoanalyst and writer. She was the only daughter of the writer Georges Bataille and the actress Sylvia Bataille.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ac\u00e9phale", "paragraph_text": "Derived from the Greek \u1f00\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 (\"akephalos\", literally \"headless\"), Ac\u00e9phale is the name of a public review created by Georges Bataille (which numbered five issues, from 1936 to 1939) and a secret society formed by Bataille and others who had sworn to keep silent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Georges Bataille", "paragraph_text": "Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (] ; 10 September 1897 \u2013 9 July 1962) was a French intellectual and literary figure working in literature, philosophy, anthropology, economics, sociology and history of art. His writing, which included essays, novels, and poetry, explored such subjects as eroticism, mysticism, surrealism, and transgression. His work would prove influential on subsequent schools of philosophy and social theory, including poststructuralism.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche", "paragraph_text": "Friedrich Nietzsche's influence and reception varied widely and may be roughly divided into various chronological periods. Reactions were anything but uniform, and proponents of various ideologies attempted to appropriate his work quite early. By 1937, this led Georges Bataille to argue against any \"instrumentalization\" of Nietzsche's thought, paradoxically as a social-anarchist himself; Bataille, the passionate, determined socialist and anti-fascist, believed that any simple-minded interpretation or unified ideological characterization of Nietzsche's work, granting predominance to any particular aspect, failed to do justice to the body of his work as a whole.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sylvia Bataille", "paragraph_text": "Sylvia Bataille (1 November 1908 \u2013 23 December 1993) was a French actress, born Sylvia Makl\u00e8s in Paris (where she also died), of Romanian-Jewish descent. When she was twenty, she married the writer Georges Bataille with whom she had a daughter, the psychoanalyst Laurence Bataille (1930\u20131986). Georges Bataille and Sylvia separated in 1934 but did not divorce until 1946. Starting in 1938, she was a companion of the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan with whom, in 1941, she had a daughter, Judith, today Judith Miller. Sylvia Bataille married Jacques Lacan in 1953.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Exposition Internationale du Surr\u00e9alisme", "paragraph_text": "The Exposition Internationale du Surr\u00e9alisme was an exhibition by surrealist artists that took place from January 17 to February 24, 1938, in the generously equipped Gal\u00e9rie Beaux-Arts, run by Georges Wildenstein, at 140, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honor\u00e9 in Paris. It was organised by the French writer Andr\u00e9 Breton, the surrealists' brain and theorist, and Paul \u00c9luard, the best known poet of the movement. The catalogue listed, along with the above, Marcel Duchamp as generator and arbitrator (to appease the partly fierce conflicts mainly between Breton and \u00c9luard), Salvador Dal\u00ed and Max Ernst as technical advisers, Man Ray as head lighting technician and Wolfgang Paalen as responsible for the design the entrance and main hall with \"water and foliage\". The exhibition was staged in three sections, showing paintings and objects as well as unusually decorated rooms and mannequins which had been redesigned in various ways. With this holistic presentation of surrealist art work the movement wrote exhibition history.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adf3e835542993a75d26442", "question_text": "Which comic series involves characters such as Nick Fury and Baron von Strucker?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Marvel"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ultimate Nick Fury", "paragraph_text": "General Nicholas Joseph \"Nick\" Fury is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics' Ultimate Marvel section as a different version of Nick Fury or Nick Fury Jr., his son and successor as director of S.H.I.E.L.D. He has a substantial presence in all the Ultimate Marvel comics, appearing first in \"Ultimate Marvel Team-Up\" and \"Ultimate X-Men\" and later reappearing regularly in \"Ultimate Spider-Man\" and finally securing a regular, recurring role as the general of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the leader of the Ultimates, a re-imagining of the Avengers. This character was designed to look like Samuel L. Jackson, the actor who later went on to portray Nick Fury in several Marvel movies and television shows set in the established Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Fenris (comics)", "paragraph_text": "Andrea von Strucker and Andreas von Strucker are two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They are the German twin children of supervillain Baron von Strucker of HYDRA and the half-siblings of Werner von Strucker.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Nick Fury vs. S.H.I.E.L.D.", "paragraph_text": "Nick Fury vs. S.H.I.E.L.D. is a six issue comic book miniseries published by Marvel Comics in 1988. It was written by Bob Harras and drawn by Paul Neary. Each issue is 48 pages long and are referred to as books. The series was the first time in almost twenty years when Nick Fury and S.H.I.E.L.D. was the main focus and the series sold exceptionally well. Prompting Marvel to produce an ongoing series of \"Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" in 1989 that lasted 47 issues.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of Nick Fury comics", "paragraph_text": "These are tiles about the characters of Nick Fury, Nick Fury Jr., Ultimate Nick Fury or any other alternative version of the character published by Marvel Comics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bunduki", "paragraph_text": "Bunduki is a 1975 novel by J. T. Edson, and the first work in the \"Bunduki\" series that followed. The series involves characters related to Tarzan and was initially authorized by the estate of Edgar Rice Burroughs. In the opening of the novel the main protagonists are transported from Earth to Zillikian (see below).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (film)", "paragraph_text": "Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television film based on the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury. It was first broadcast on May 26, 1998 on Fox. Directed by Rod Hardy, the film stars David Hasselhoff as Fury, a retired super spy who is approached to return to duty to take down the terrorist organization HYDRA, who threaten to attack Manhattan with a pathogen they have reconstituted known as the Death's Head virus. Lisa Rinna plays Contessa Valentina \"Val\" Allegra de Fontaine, and Sandra Hess plays Andrea von Strucker / Viper. It was released on DVD on September 30, 2008.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nick Fury (2017 comic book)", "paragraph_text": "Nick Fury is a 2017 ongoing comic book series published by Marvel Comics. The series is written by James Dale Robinson and primarily drawn by ACO. It is the first series to feature Nick Fury Jr. as its main character.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (feature)", "paragraph_text": "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. was a feature on in the anthology comic \"Strange Tales\" it introduced the fictional spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. into the Marvel Comics world and reintroduced the character of Nick Fury as an older character from his currently running series \"Sgt. Fury\", which was a WWII comic. The feature replaced the previously running Human Torch feature in the book and ran alongside the Dr. Strange feature. After the feature ended a comic title was published which has had several volumes as well as a comic strip.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Empyre", "paragraph_text": "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Empyre is a fortyeight page novel written by Will Murray and published by Berkley Books and Marvel Comics in 2000. It is the first appearance of the character of Nick Fury in novel form. It features illustrations by longtime Nick Fury artist Jim Steranko. The plot revived the concept of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s psychic sensory division from the old Stan Lee and Jack Kirby comics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection", "paragraph_text": "Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection is a 1989 graphic novel published by Marvel Comics and written by Archie Goodwin and drawn by Howard Chaykin. The story concerns a new Scorpio who is attempting to kill Nick Fury while Wolverine becomes involved when he investigates the murder of a friend who once saved his life at the hands of the new Scorpio. It is the first part of the Wolverine/Nick Fury trilogy.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8d7e1055429941ae14dfd8", "question_text": "Which is bigger, Griffon Bruxellois or English Mastiff?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["English Mastiff"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hinterrhein (river)", "paragraph_text": "The Hinterrhein (German; Romansh: \"Rein Posteriur\" ; English: Posterior Rhine ) is one of the two initial tributaries of the Rhine (less in length but bigger by volume) in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland, flowing from the village Hinterrhein near the San Bernardino Pass through the Rheinwald valley into a gorge called Roflaschlucht. In this gorge an equally sized tributary, the Avers Rhine, adds waters from the deep Val Ferrera and the very remote alp Avers and its side valley \"Valle di Lei\" on Italian territory. After the Rofla Gorge, the valley widens into a section called Schams. The Hinterrhein then reaches Andeer, before passing through another gorge, Viamala just before Thusis. Now another tributary of slightly bigger volume reaches the Hinterrhein as the Landwasser, draining a system of valleys, which is commonly known as Davos joins via the Albula coming from the Albula Pass, which is also the name of a railway line that has become a UNESCO world heritage. Another big tributary of Albula river is Gelgia from the Julier pass area. After flowing to Rothenbrunnen through a valley called Domleschg with an incredible number of castles (showing the importance of transit in the area) again the river is left alone from civilisation in the floodplain \"Isla Bella\" near Rh\u00e4z\u00fcns, before it joins the Anterior Rhine at Reichenau, all of them also in Graub\u00fcnden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Canine Chiari-like malformation", "paragraph_text": "Chiari-like malformation (CM) is the most common cause of foramen magnum obstruction and syringomyelia in dogs. Syringomyelia (SM) is a disease of the spinal cord typified by fluid filled cavities, or syrinxes, within the spinal cord substance. The disease is caused by the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in the nervous system. A situation of high pressure in the spinal cord compared to low pressure outside, leads to fluid accumulation, which eventually forms cavities. CM is a condition characterized by the mismatch of size between the brain and the skull. The skull is too small causing part of the brain to descend out of the skull through the opening at its base, crowding the spinal cord. The cause of CM is not yet fully understood. CM is rare in most breeds but reportedly has become very widespread in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Griffon Bruxellois (Brussels Griffon). Some researchers estimate that as many as 95% of CKCSs may have CM. It is worldwide in scope and not limited to any country, breeding line, or kennel, and experts report that it is believed to be inherited in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. CM is so widespread in the Cavalier that it may be an inherent part of the CKCS's breed standard. This disease not only affects thousands of dogs, but a similar condition affects over three hundred thousand children yearly. Therefore, canines are an appropriate model for the treatment of the human condition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Griffon Bruxellois", "paragraph_text": "The Griffon Bruxellois or Brussels Griffon is a breed of toy dog, named for their city of origin: Brussels, Belgium. The Griffon Bruxellois may refer to three different breeds, the Griffon Bruxellois, the Griffon Belge and the Petit Braban\u00e7on. Identical in standard except for coat and colour differences, in some standards they are considered varieties of the same breed, much like Belgian Shepherd Dogs.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Molossus of Epirus", "paragraph_text": "The Molossus of Epirus (Greek: \u039c\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0397\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5) is a large dog breed originating from Greece. It is a livestock guardian that has been bred since the age of Alexander the Great for protecting livestock from carnivorous mammals including the wolf, European jackal and the brown bear in the mountainous regions of Greece, especially Epirus. The Molossus is a pure Greek breed and is believed to be one of the main ancestors of today's Molosser breeds, such as the English Mastiff and the Neapolitan Mastiff,", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Zorba (dog)", "paragraph_text": "Aicama Zorba of La-Susa or Zorba (26 September 1981 - Unknown ) was a male Old English Mastiff who was recognized by Guinness World Records as the heaviest and longest dog in the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Bullmastiff", "paragraph_text": "The Bullmastiff is a large-sized breed of domestic dog, with a solid build and a short muzzle. The Bullmastiff shares the characteristics of molosser dogs, and was originally developed by 19th-century gamekeepers to guard estates. The breed's bloodlines are drawn from the English Mastiff and the extinct Old English Bulldog. It was recognized as a purebred dog by the English Kennel Club in 1924. They are quiet dogs and very rarely bark.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Griffon Fauve de Bretagne", "paragraph_text": "The Griffon Fauve de Bretagne (FCI No.66) translated into English as the Fawn Brittany Griffon, is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France in the region of Brittany.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dog anatomy", "paragraph_text": "Dog anatomy comprises the anatomical studies of the visible parts of the body of a canine. Details of structures vary tremendously from breed to breed, more than in any other animal species, wild or domesticated, as dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier that stood only 6.3 cm at the shoulder, 9.5 cm in length along the head and body, and weighed only 113 g . The largest known adult dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg and was 250 cm from the snout to the tail. The tallest known adult dog is a Great Dane that stands 106.7 cm at the shoulder.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Trevor Dwyer-Lynch", "paragraph_text": "Trevor Dwyer-Lynch 1968, is a Black British actor, presenter, and stand up comedian. Born and raised in Moss Side and Salford, calls himself a \"Mossfordian\" trained in Drama and Performing Arts at City College /Arden School of Theatre Manchester in 1990, Dwyer-Lynch has appeared in numerous television and theatre productions, merging both serious roles\u2014such as \"Gloucester\" in Shakespeare's King Lear\u2014 to his best known comedic role in \"Coronation Street\" as Patrick Tussell the taxi-driver working for Steve McDonald (2002\u20132005). A dog lover, his 15-stone, Old English Mastiff also appeared with him in an episode, his dog spoiling \"Patrick's\" attempt to win over love interest Janice Battersby. Lynch achieved one of his wishes working for the Ken Loach in \"Looking for Eric\", he publicly expresses a desire to work with Directors Shane Meadows, Mike Leigh and Steve McQueen", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "English Mastiff", "paragraph_text": "The English Mastiff is a breed of extremely large dog (often known simply as the Mastiff) perhaps descended from the ancient Alaunt and Pugnaces Britanniae, with a significant input from the Alpine Mastiff in the 19th century. Distinguishable by enormous size, massive head, and a limited range of colours, but always displaying a black mask, the Mastiff is noted for its gentle and loving nature. The lineage of modern dogs can be traced back to the early 19th century, but the modern type was stabilised in the 1880s and refined since. Following a period of sharp decline, the Mastiff has increased its worldwide popularity. Throughout its history, the Mastiff has contributed to the development of a number of dog breeds, some generally known as Mastiff-type dogs, or, confusingly, just as \"Mastiffs\".", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abae4995542996606241666", "question_text": "Did both  Slaughter-House Cases and United States v. Darby Lumber Co. involve civil rights law?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "United States v. Kirby Lumber Co.", "paragraph_text": "United States v. Kirby Lumber Co., 284 U.S. 1 (1931), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that when a corporation settles its debts for less than the face amount, a taxable gain has occurred.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Monroe v. Pape", "paragraph_text": "Monroe v. Pape, 365 U.S. 167 (1961) , was a United States Supreme Court case that considered the application of federal civil rights law to constitutional violations by city employees. The case was significant because it held that 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1983, a statutory provision from 1871, could be used to sue state officers who violated a plaintiff's constitutional rights. \u00a7 1983 had previously been a relatively obscure and little-used statute, but since Monroe it has become a central part of United States civil rights law.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Slaughter-House Cases", "paragraph_text": "The Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1873) , was the first United States Supreme Court interpretation of the U.S. Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment which had recently been enacted. It was a pivotal case in early civil rights law and held that the Fourteenth Amendment protects the privileges or immunities of citizenship of the United States, not privileges and immunities of citizenship of a state. However, federal rights of citizenship were then few, such as the right to travel between states and to use navigable rivers; the amendment did not protect the far broader range of rights covered by state citizenship. In effect, the amendment was interpreted to convey limited protection pertinent to a small minority of rights.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Freedom of movement under United States law", "paragraph_text": "Freedom of movement under United States law is governed primarily by the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the United States Constitution which states, \"The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.\" As far back as the circuit court ruling in \"Corfield v. Coryell,\" 6 Fed. Cas. 546 (1823), freedom of movement has been judicially recognized as a fundamental Constitutional right. In \"Paul v. Virginia,\" 75 U.S. 168 (1869), the Court defined freedom of movement as \"right of free ingress into other States, and egress from them.\" However, the Supreme Court did not invest the federal government with the authority to protect freedom of movement. Under the \"privileges and immunities\" clause, this authority was given to the states, a position the Court held consistently through the years in cases such as \"Ward v. Maryland,\" 79 U.S. 418 (1871), the \"Slaughter-House Cases,\" 83 U.S. 36 (1873) and \"United States v. Harris,\" 106 U.S. 629 (1883).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Margo Schlanger", "paragraph_text": "Margo Jane Schlanger (born 1967) is a Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School, and the founder and director of the Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse. From 2010-2012, while on leave from her professorial position, she served as the presidentially-appointed Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties at the United States Department of Homeland Security. As the top civil rights official at the Department of Homeland Security, Schlanger led the office that advises Department leadership about civil rights and civil liberties issues, engages with communities whose civil rights and civil liberties may be affected by Department activities, investigates and resolves civil rights complaints, and leads the Departments equal employment opportunity program. Schlanger's major initiatives as Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Officer included: creating and managing a structure for overseeing the Department's controversial Secure Communities program to ensure that it did not serve as a conduit for unconstitutional practices by local law enforcement agencies in jurisdictions covered by the program; publishing guidance for agencies that receive DHS funding on providing meaningful access to people with limited English proficiency; working with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement on the reform of detention practices; and improving the Department's civil rights complaint process.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Criminal law in the Waite Court", "paragraph_text": "During the tenure of Morrison Waite as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (March 4, 1874 through March 23, 1888), the Supreme Court heard an unprecedented volume and frequency of criminal cases. In just fourteen years, the Court heard 106 criminal cases, almost as many cases as the Supreme Court had heard in the period from its creation to the appointment of Waite as Chief Justice. Notable cases include \"United States v. Cruikshank\" (1875), \"United States v. Reese\" (1875), \"Reynolds v. United States\" (1878), \"Wilkerson v. Utah\" (1879), the \"Trade-Mark Cases\" (1879), \"Strauder v. West Virginia\" (1880), \"Pace v. Alabama\" (1883), \"United States v. Harris\" (1883), \"Ex parte Crow Dog\" (1883), \"Hurtado v. California\" (1884), \"Clawson v. United States\" (1885), \"Yick Wo v. Hopkins\" (1886), \"United States v. Kagama\" (1886), \"Ker v. Illinois\" (1886), and \"Mugler v. Kansas\" (1887).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Criminal law in the Marshall Court", "paragraph_text": "The Marshall Court (1801\u20131835) heard forty-one criminal law cases, slightly more than one per year. Among such cases are \"United States v. Simms\" (1803), \"United States v. More\" (1805), \"Ex parte Bollman\" (1807), \"United States v. Hudson\" (1812), \"Cohens v. Virginia\" (1821), \"United States v. Perez\" (1824), \"Worcester v. Georgia\" (1832), and \"United States v. Wilson\" (1833).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "United States v. Darby Lumber Co.", "paragraph_text": "United States v. Darby Lumber Co., 312 U.S. 100 (1941) , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, holding that the U.S. Congress had the power under the Commerce Clause to regulate employment conditions. The unanimous decision of the Court in this case overturned \"Hammer v. Dagenhart\" 247 U.S. 251 (1918) , limited the application of \"Carter v. Carter Coal Company\" 298 U.S. 238 (1936) , and confirmed the underlying legality of minimum wages held in \"West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish\" 300 U.S. 379 (1937) .", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act", "paragraph_text": "The Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act (SONDA) is a New York law which prohibits discrimination on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, credit, and the exercise of civil rights. SONDA added the term \u201csexual orientation\u201d to the list of specifically protected characteristics in various State laws, including the Human Rights Law, the Civil Rights Law, and the Education Law.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Convention on the Rights of Older Persons", "paragraph_text": "The proposed Convention on the Rights of Older Persons is regarded as the next major United Nations human rights treaty. The proposed treaty will seek to remedy the fragmented human rights structure for older persons, and will focus on reaffirming critical human rights which are of concern to the elderly. The focus of the treaty will be persons over 60 years of age, which is a growing demographic worldwide due to increased population ageing. The treaty follows from the success of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child which has seen near universal acceptance since 1989. Where the UNCRC focuses on the rights of younger persons, the UNCROP will address those who form the older portion of society, who according to United Nations reports, are becoming increasingly vulnerable as a group without applicable normative standards of Human Rights Law. Support for a Convention is becoming increasingly popular, as human rights groups including the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), HelpAge International, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the International Labour Organization, and many other NGOs and states have expressed support for a universal instrument. The need for a treaty has arisen due to issues surrounding demographic changes from population ageing. This has led to significant interest in how to best ensure the well being of older persons. Among the rights issues faced by older persons are their rights against ageist discrimination, and the rights to participation. The debate surrounding the convention focuses on the implementation and safeguarding of these rights, to set normative standards of human rights for older persons. One substantive issue is the conception of elder abuse as between individuals. Individual relationships generally fall outside of current human rights law, which seeks to present standards of relations between states and individuals. Therefore, it has been suggested that the proposed human rights convention for older persons ought to be drafted as an anti-discrimination convention. However, This would not be consistent with other multilateral human rights conventions such as the ICCPR and ICESCR which set normative standards.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae3f2d25542995ad6573ccc", "question_text": "Firstar Center was the name for two buildings before the company changed its name to match which company based in Minneapolis?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["U.S. Bancorp"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Collinsville City Hall and Fire Station", "paragraph_text": "The Collinsville City Hall and Fire Station are two connected buildings located at 125 Center St. in Collinsville, Illinois. The Italianate City Hall was built in 1885. It was Collinsville's first dedicated city hall; prior to its completion, government meetings were held at the mayor's house. The new city hall, along with several other public works projects, created a large debt which contributed to mayor Charles L. Oatman's defeat in the next election. The Romanesque Revival fire station was built next to City Hall in 1910. Additions in 1972 and 1994 connected the two buildings. A Civil War monument on the southeast corner the property was dedicated in 1926; while it was originally located between the two buildings, it moved to its current location when the fire station expanded in 1956.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Northwestern Knitting Company Factory building", "paragraph_text": "The Northwestern Knitting Company Factory, also known as Munsingwear Corporation and later as International Market Square, is a former factory building in the Sumner-Glenwood neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The company was founded in 1888 by George D. Munsing, who invented a method of plating wool fibers with silk and cotton to make the union suit more comfortable. The company received financial backing from Clinton Morrison and Charles Alfred Pillsbury, who were prominent businessmen in the Minneapolis flour milling industry. This style of underwear, patented in 1891, proved to be very popular, and the company eventually became the world's largest manufacturer of underwear. The company changed its name in 1919 to Munsingwear.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Firstar Center", "paragraph_text": "Firstar Center was the name previously used by two buildings before Firstar Corporation changed its name to U.S. Bancorp. The two buildings are now named:", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Advance Thresher/Emerson-Newton Implement Company", "paragraph_text": "The Advance Thresher/Emerson-Newton Implement Company buildings in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, are a pair of buildings designed by Kees and Colburn. The two buildings are united under a common cornice and appear to be a single structure. However, the two buildings were actually built four years apart. The Advance Thresher Company building was built in 1900 and has six floors. The adjacent Emerson-Newton Plow Company building was built in 1904 and has seven floors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Beer in South Korea", "paragraph_text": "Beer, called maekju (\ub9e5\uc8fc ; \u9ea5\u9152 ) in Korean, was first introduced to Korea in the early 20th century. Seoul's first beer brewery opened in 1908. Two current major breweries date back to the 1920s. The third brewery established in Korea, Jinro Coors Brewery, was founded in the 1990s. It was later acquired by Oriental Breweries (OB). Hite Breweries's former name was Chosun Breweries, which was established in 1933. The company changed their name to Hite Breweries in 1998. OB Breweries established as Showa Kirin Breweries in 1933. The company changed their name to OB Breweries in 1995.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Firstar Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Firstar Corporation was a Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based regional bank holding company that later became U.S. Bancorp, a nationwide bank corporation in the United States. In 2001, Firstar acquired U.S. Bancorp and assumed its name, moving its headquarters to Minneapolis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lynx Software Technologies", "paragraph_text": "Lynx Software Technologies, Inc. (formerly LynuxWorks) is a San Jose, California software company founded in 1988. Lynx Software Technologies specializes in secure virtualization and open and reliable real-time operating system (RTOS). Originally known as Lynx Real-Time Systems, the company changed its name to LynuxWorks in 2000 after acquiring, and merging with, ISDCorp (Integrated Software & Devices Corporation) a nine-year-old embedded systems company with a strong Linux background. In May 2014, the company changed its name to Lynx Software Technologies as a representation of the company\u2019s forward direction as the LynxOS RTOS family of products and the LynxSecure hypervisor continued to gain increased traction both with current customers and markets, and with the new Internet connected embedded world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "U.S. Bancorp", "paragraph_text": "U.S. Bancorp is a bank holding company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is the parent company of U.S. Bank, National Association, known as U.S. Bank, which is ranked 7th on the list of largest banks in the United States. The company provides banking, investment, mortgage, trust, and payment services products to individuals, businesses, governmental entities, and other financial institutions. It has 3,106 branches and 4,842 ATMs, primarily in the Midwestern United States. The company also owns Elavon, a processor of credit card transactions.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Royal Worcester Corset Company", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Worcester Corset Company, was founded as The Worcester Skirt Company by David Hale Fanning in 1861 in Worcester, MA, and first specialized in making hoop skirts. In 1872 the company changed its name to the Worcester Corset Co., to reflect its change of direction from hoop skirts to torso shaping. The company changed its name again in 1901, to the Royal Worcester Corset Company. In 1949 the company dropped the word 'corset' from its name and became known as the Royal Worcester Company, in response to falling interest in corsets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Prince Motor Company", "paragraph_text": "The Prince Motor Company was a Japanese automobile manufacturer from 1952 until its merger with Nissan in 1966. Prince began as the Tachikawa Aircraft Company, a manufacturer of various airplanes for the Japanese Army in World War II, e.g., the Ki-36, Ki-55 and Ki-74. Tachikawa Aircraft Company was dissolved after the war and the company took the name Fuji Precision Industries. It diversified into automobiles, producing an electric car, the Tama, in 1946, named for the region the company originated in, Tama, using the Ohta series PC/PD platform. The company changed its name to Prince in 1952 to honor Prince Akihito's formal investiture as Crown Prince. In 1954 they changed their name back to Fuji Precision Industries, and in 1961 changed the name back again to Prince Motor Company. In 1966, they became part of Nissan, while the Prince organization remained in existence inside Nissan, as \"Nissan Prince Store\" in Japan until Nissan consolidated the Prince dealership network into \"Nissan Blue Stage\" in 1999.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7eb22655429930675135cb", "question_text": "Which current CBS NBA analyst played for the PORTLAND TRAILBLazers along with former UNLV teammate Stacey Augmon?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Greg Anthony"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Johnny Taylor (basketball)", "paragraph_text": "Johnny Antonio Taylor (born June 4, 1974) in Chattanooga, Tennessee, is the Player Development Coach for the VCU Men's Basketball team in Richmond, Virginia. Before his coaching career, Taylor played college basketball at the University of Tennessee - Chattanooga, earning So-Con Player of the Year Honors in 1997. Taylor went on to be the 17th overall pick in the 1997 NBA Draft, playing for the Orlando Magic, Denver Nuggets, Chicago Bulls, and Portland Trailblazers during his NBA tenure. In 2000, Taylor continued his professional career overseas, playing with teams in Italy, Philippines, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Lebanon, Belgium, Japan, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates until he retired in 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "1996\u201397 Portland Trail Blazers season", "paragraph_text": "The 1996\u201397 NBA season was the 27th season for the Portland Trail Blazers in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Blazers signed free agent Kenny Anderson while acquiring Isaiah Rider from the Minnesota Timberwolves, and second-year forward Rasheed Wallace from the Washington Bullets. The Blazers would hover around .500 for most of the first half of the season as they traded Aaron McKie to the Detroit Pistons for Stacey Augmon at midseason. However, they posted a 13\u20132 record in March including an 11-game winning streak. The Blazers finished the season third in the Pacific Division, and fifth in the Western Conference with a 49\u201333 record. Making their 15th straight trip to the postseason and 20th in 21 years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jordan Kent", "paragraph_text": "Jordan Russell Kent (born July 24, 1984 in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia) is a former American football wide receiver. He was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the sixth round of the 2007 NFL Draft. Jordan began playing football when he was a junior in college at the University of Oregon. While at the University of Oregon, Jordan also played Basketball and ran Track for the Oregon Ducks. Today Jordan is a broadcaster for Comcast Sportsnet, and he covers the Portland Trailblazers and Pac-12 football and basketball. He also runs popular youth sport camps throughout the state of Oregon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Stephen A. Smith", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Anthony Smith (born October 14, 1967) is an American sports television personality, sports radio host, sports journalist, and actor. Smith is a commentator on \"ESPN First Take\", where he appears with Max Kellerman and Molly Qerim. He also makes frequent appearances as an NBA analyst on SportsCenter. He also is an NBA analyst for ESPN on \"NBA Countdown\" and NBA broadcasts on ESPN. Smith formerly hosted \"The Stephen A. Smith and Ryan Ruocco Show\" on ESPN Radio New York 98.7 FM He now hosts \"The Stephen A. Smith Show\" on the Chris Russo sports radio station: Mad Dog Sports Radio SiriusXM Radio, channel 82, and is a featured columnist for ESPNNY.com, ESPN.com, and The Philadelphia Inquirer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "1998\u201399 Portland Trail Blazers season", "paragraph_text": "The 1998\u201399 NBA season was the 29th season for the Portland Trail Blazers in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Blazers signed free agents Jim Jackson and Greg Anthony, who would reunite with his former UNLV teammate Stacey Augmon. Portland got off to a fast start winning 15 of their first 18 games, and went 35\u201315 in the lockout-shortened season, earning their fourth Pacific Division title and the first since 1991\u201392. Their record qualified them for the #2 seed in the Western Conference. The team earned their 17th straight trip to the playoffs, and 22nd in 23 years. Head coach Mike Dunleavy was named Coach of The Year.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1996\u201397 Detroit Pistons season", "paragraph_text": "The 1996\u201397 NBA season was the Pistons' 49th season in the National Basketball Association, and 40th season in the city of Detroit. During the offseason, the Pistons re-signed free agent Rick Mahorn, who was a member of the championship team in the 1989 NBA Finals. The team also acquired Stacey Augmon and Grant Long from the Atlanta Hawks, but later on sent Augmon to the Portland Trail Blazers for Aaron McKie at midseason. The Pistons got off to a fast start winning ten of their first eleven games on their way to a 20\u20134 start. However, they went 34\u201324 for the remainder of the season finishing third in the Central Division with a 54\u201328 record. Grant Hill averaged 21.4 points, 9.0 rebounds, 7.3 assists and 1.8 steals per game, while finishing third in MVP voting behind Karl Malone and Michael Jordan. Hill along with Joe Dumars, and head coach Doug Collins represented the Eastern Conference during the 1997 NBA All-Star Game.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ric Bucher", "paragraph_text": "Richard Mathias \"Ric\" Bucher (born 1961) is a SiriusXM radio host, afternoons (3-6pm PT/6-9pm ET) on the Mad Dog Sports Radio Channel and Fridays on SiriusXM NBA Radio (noon-2pm PT/3-5pm ET). He also signed a multi-year deal with BleacherReport.com in September 2014 to serve as a senior writer and NBA video analyst. He also appears occasionally on NBA TV as an NBA analyst and on TNT as a sideline reporter for NBA game telecasts. He also is the co-host of a weekly podcast with three-time NBA champion B.J. Armstrong called the \"BJ and Bucher Show: 4 Quarters of Madness\" which can be found on Audioboom and iTunes and the BJandBucher.com website. Bucher previously worked as an NBA Insider for Comcast SportsNet Bay Area and also co-hosted \"Bucher, Towny and Huff\" mornings on 95.7 The Game. Bucher was formerly an NBA analyst for ESPN and ESPN.com. He was also a senior writer for ESPN The Magazine and a columnist for ESPN.com.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Greg Anthony", "paragraph_text": "Gregory Carlton \"Greg\" Anthony (born November 15, 1967) is an American former National Basketball Association (NBA) player and is currently a television analyst for CBS Sports. Anthony also contributes to Yahoo! Sports as a college basketball analyst and serves as a co-host/analyst on SiriusXM NBA Radio.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1991\u201392 Atlanta Hawks season", "paragraph_text": "The 1991\u201392 NBA season was the Hawks' 43rd season in the National Basketball Association, and 24th season in Atlanta. During the offseason, the Hawks acquired Maurice Cheeks from the New York Knicks. The Hawks had a complete change of guards turning over their backcourt to second-year guard Rumeal Robinson, and top draft pick Stacey Augmon out of UNLV. However, with a 22\u201320 record in late January, Dominique Wilkins ruptured his achilles tendon and was out for the remainder of the season. Without Wilkins, the Hawks would lose 24 of their final 40 games, including a 7-game losing streak. They finished fifth in the Central Division with a 38\u201344 record, missing the playoffs and losing a tie-breaker for the #8 seed in the Eastern Conference to the Miami Heat.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jared Jeffries", "paragraph_text": "Jared Scott Carter Jeffries (born November 25, 1981) is a retired National Basketball Association player currently working as a pro personnel scout for the Denver Nuggets. Jeffries was drafted with the 11th overall pick of the 2002 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards. He also played for the New York Knicks, Houston Rockets, and Portland Trailblazers before retiring in 2013. In college, Jeffries played for the Indiana University Hoosiers; during his sophomore year, he was an integral part of the Hoosiers' Cinderella run to the 2002 NCAA Championship game, was named Big Ten Player of the Year, and was a consensus second-team All-American. At 6'11\", he mainly played at the forward and center positions.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a879dae5542996e4f308885", "question_text": "What was the company that was co-owned by the person who Abbe error was named after?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Carl Zeiss AG"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Error card", "paragraph_text": "In the trading card collecting hobby, an error card is a card that shows incorrect information or some other unintended flaw. It can contain a mistake, such as a misspelling or a photo of someone other than the athlete named on the card. Depending on whether the manufacturer noticed the problem while the cards were still being produced, a card may exist in both correct and incorrect versions. If the correction is made sufficiently early in the print run, the error card may be significantly rarer and more valuable than the corrected version. However, the opposite may be true if the error is corrected late in the printing cycle, resulting in a smaller population of the corrected version of the card compared to the error version.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bramble\u2013Hilbert lemma", "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, particularly numerical analysis, the Bramble\u2013Hilbert lemma, named after James H. Bramble and Stephen Hilbert, bounds the error of an approximation of a function formula_1 by a polynomial of order at most formula_2 in terms of derivatives of formula_1 of order formula_4. Both the error of the approximation and the derivatives of formula_1 are measured by formula_6 norms on a bounded domain in formula_7. This is similar to classical numerical analysis, where, for example, the error of linear interpolation formula_1 can be bounded using the second derivative of formula_1. However, the Bramble\u2013Hilbert lemma applies in any number of dimensions, not just one dimension, and the approximation error and the derivatives of formula_1 are measured by more general norms involving averages, not just the maximum norm.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ernst Abbe", "paragraph_text": "Ernst Karl Abbe HonFRMS (23 January 1840 \u2013 14 January 1905) was a German physicist, optical scientist, entrepreneur, and social reformer. Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he laid the foundation of modern optics. Abbe developed numerous optical instruments. He was a co-owner of Carl Zeiss AG, a German manufacturer of research microscopes, astronomical telescopes, planetariums and other optical systems.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Othello error", "paragraph_text": "Othello error occurs when a suspicious observer discounts cues of truthfulness. Essentially the Othello error occurs, Paul Ekman states, \"when the lie catcher fails to consider that a truthful person who is under stress may appear to be lying\" their non-verbal signals expressing their worry at the possibility of being disbelieved. A lie-detector or polygraph may be deceived in the same way, by misinterpreting nervous signals from a truthful person. The error is named after William Shakespeare's tragic play \"Othello\"; the dynamics between the two main characters, Othello and Desdemona are a particularly notable example of the error in practice.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Description error", "paragraph_text": "A description error or selection error is an error, or more specifically a human error, that occurs when a person performs the correct action on the wrong object due to insufficient specification of an action which would have led to a desired result. This commonly happens when similar actions lead to different results. A typical example is a panel with rows of identical switches, where it is easy to carry out a correct action (flip a switch) on a wrong switch due to their insufficient differentiation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Porro\u2013Abbe prism", "paragraph_text": "A Porro\u2013Abbe prism (sometimes called a Abbe\u2013Porro prism), named for Ignazio Porro and Ernst Abbe, is a type of reflection prism used in some optical instruments to alter the orientation of an image. It is a variant of the more common double Porro prism configuration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ernst-Abbe-Sportfeld", "paragraph_text": "Ernst Abbe Sportfield is a sports facility in Jena, Germany. It was dedicated on August 24, 1924 and was named after entrepreneur Ernst Abbe 15 years later. The facility is in southern Jena, directly on the Saale River. The City of Jena purchased the stadium from the Ernst-Abbe-Stiftung (The Ernst Abbe Foundation) in 1991.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Abbe error", "paragraph_text": "Abbe error, named after Ernst Abbe, also called sine error, describes the magnification of angular error over distance. For example, when one measures a point that is 1 meter away at 45 degrees, an angular error of 1 degree corresponds to a positional error of over 1.745\u00a0cm, equivalent to a distance-measurement error of 1.745%.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Van Abbemuseum", "paragraph_text": "Van Abbemuseum (] ) is a museum of modern and contemporary art located in central Eindhoven, Netherlands, on the east bank of the Dommel river. Established in 1936, the Abbe Museum is named after its founder, Henri van Abbe. Van Abbe was a lover of modern art and wanted to enjoy it there from Eindhoven. As of 2010, the collection of the museum houses more than 2700 works of art, of which about 1000 are on paper, are 700 paintings, and 1000 are sculptures, installations and video work.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Errors of impunity", "paragraph_text": "Errors of impunity is a term used in Brian Forst's book \"Errors of Justice\" and in Robert Bohm's introduction to a special edition of \"The Journal of Criminal Justice\" on miscarriages of justice. They are defined as lapses that result in criminals either remaining at large or receiving sanctions that are below a socially optimal level. If convicting an innocent person, called a miscarriage of justice, is a Type I error for falsely identifying culpability (a \"false positive\"), then an error of impunity would be a Type II error of failing to find a culpable person guilty (a \"false negative\").", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab5dcb95542992aa134a3b3", "question_text": "Are Toshi and Warrel Dane both in the band Sanctuary?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Praises to the War Machine", "paragraph_text": "Praises to the War Machine is the debut and only solo release/album by heavy metal vocalist Warrel Dane from Nevermore, released on April 25, 2008. The album was produced by Peter Wichers, who was tapped by Dane to work on the album while Wichers was still a member of Soilwork. After leaving that band in 2007, Wichers co-wrote the album with Dane and played on eight of its tracks. Soilwork drummer Dirk Verbeuren and former Himsa guitarist Matt Wicklund also played on the album. Nevermore guitarist Jeff Loomis and the band's touring guitarist at the time Chris Broderick make guest appearances, along with James Murphy, who had performed on the Nevermore album \"This Godless Endeavor\". \"Praises to the War Machine\" includes two cover songs, The Sisters of Mercy's \"Lucretia My Reflection\" and \"Patterns\" by Paul Simon. Dane had previously covered a Simon song on Nevermore's album \"Dead Heart in a Dead World\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sanctuary (band)", "paragraph_text": "Sanctuary is an American heavy metal band founded in Seattle in 1985. They split up in 1992, but reformed 18 years later. The band consists of Warrel Dane (vocals), Lenny Rutledge (guitar), Nick Cordle (guitar), George Hernandez (bass), and Dave Budbill (drums). To date, they have released four studio albums and one live EP.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Nevermore", "paragraph_text": "Nevermore is an American progressive metal band from Seattle, Washington, United States. Formed in 1991, they are known to incorporate elements from various styles such as power metal, modern hard rock, classic heavy metal and technical thrash metal. The band has been on hiatus since 2011, due to personal issues between the band members. In April 2015, lead singer Warrel Dane confirmed that Nevermore has not disbanded, and there is a possibility for them to continue in the next two years with another album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nevermore (album)", "paragraph_text": "Nevermore is the eponymous debut studio album by American heavy metal band Nevermore, released on February 14, 1995 by Century Media Records. It was singer Warrel Dane and bassist Jim Sheppard's first release after departing from their previous band, Sanctuary, in 1994. Having recruited drummer Van Williams and former Sanctuary touring guitarist Jeff Loomis, they formed the band Nevermore and began anew.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Year of the Voyager", "paragraph_text": "The Year Of The Voyager is a double DVD/CD released by Nevermore. It was released in Europe on October 20, 2008 and in North America on November 25, 2008 via Century Media. The set covers the \"This Godless Endeavor\" touring cycle, starting with live footage from the U.S. Gigantour 2005, the Metal Mania festival 2006 in Poland, the Wacken Open Air festival in 2006 in Germany and the main DVD show recorded at the Zeche in Bochum, Germany. Bonus material includes two songs from Century Media USA 10th Anniversary Party 2001, all promo videos and an interview with singer Warrel Dane which was recorded at the Roax Film Studios in Berlin in the spring of 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Toshi (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Toshimitsu Deyama (\u51fa\u5c71\u5229\u4e09 , Deyama Toshimitsu , born October 10, 1965 in Tateyama, Chiba) , known exclusively by his stage name Toshi, is a Japanese singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lead vocalist and a co-founder of the heavy metal band X Japan, which disbanded in 1997. Toshi then went on to have an extensive solo career. In 2007, X Japan reunited and began an ongoing world tour in 2010. His distinctive, impassioned tenor vocals have been compared to those of Steve Perry.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Warrel Dane", "paragraph_text": "Warrel Dane (born March 7, 1969) is the lead singer of the American power metal band Sanctuary. He is also known as the former lead singer of currently inactive progressive metal band Nevermore. He is a natural baritone, though he was known for his high-pitched vocals with Serpent's Knight and on the first two Sanctuary albums. Later in his career, Dane became more notable for his distinctively deep, dramatic voice.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dreaming Neon Black", "paragraph_text": "Dreaming Neon Black is the third full-length album released by Seattle progressive metal band Nevermore, and was released through Century Media in 1999. Unlike its predecessor, \"The Politics of Ecstasy\", this album is very emotional and contains many slower, ballad-type songs. It is also notable that \"Dreaming Neon Black\" is a concept album of sorts. According to Nevermore's lead singer, Warrel Dane, \"it's a very simple story about a man who slowly goes insane after losing a woman that he was very close to. Progressive levels of insanity are expressed in the songs, he goes through phases of denial and self-blame, blaming God, then denouncing God. The ending is a little...tragic, a little depressing. Shakesperian. Everybody dies, it's all happy.\" , which may be based on an event in the life of Dane. Supposedly, his old girlfriend left him when she joined a religious cult and was never heard from again, and he began having nightmares of her crying out to him as she drowned. This has been confirmed by Warrel himself in an older interview. The spoken word samples from the tracks \"Ophidian\" and \"Forever\" are from the Clive Barker movie, \"Lord of Illusions\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Peter Wichers", "paragraph_text": "Peter Wichers is best known as one of the founding members of Swedish melodic death metal band, Soilwork. From 1995 until late 2005, when he announced his departure from the band, he was known as the lead guitarist and also a songwriter, especially on their \"Stabbing the Drama\" album., He rejoined Soilwork in 2008 and played on 2010s The Panic Broadcast and in June 2012 he quit Soilwork for the second time. After leaving Soilwork, he filled in for Adam Dutkiewicz when he was injured on Killswitch Engage's European tour. More recently, he has collaborated with singers from across the melodic death metal genre including Anders Frid\u00e9n, former band mate Bj\u00f6rn \"Speed\" Strid and John Bush (vocalist of Anthrax) to make a CD much in the same style as \"Roadrunner United\", entitled \"Nuclear Blast All-Stars\". He also co-wrote Warrel Dane's solo record \"Praises to the War Machine\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Into the Mirror Live", "paragraph_text": "Into The Mirror Live / Black Reflections is live promotional EP of the band Sanctuary recorded on May 12, 1990 at The Country Club in Reseda, California, during their \"Into the Mirror Black\" tour. Approximately 1000 CD copies of this were made and less than 500 were ever distributed to radio stations and record stores. Because of contractual problems with Epic Records, the full version was never released for public consumption. Epic Records destroyed 500+ copies of this CD. Warrel Dane has stated on several occasions that he has the master tapes and copyrights of the full show and intended to have it finally released. To date that has not happened. This CD has been heavily pirated over the years as a 2-on-1 CD with the Satan's Host \"Metal From Hell\" album on the notorious Reborn Classics record label.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f0796554299458435d528", "question_text": "what air force based named in honor of Carl Benjamin \"Ben\" Eielson is located 26 miles southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Eielson Air Force Base"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Eielson Air Force Base", "paragraph_text": "Eielson Air Force Base (AFB) (IATA: EIL,\u00a0ICAO: PAEI,\u00a0FAA LID: EIL) is a United States Air Force base located approximately 26 miles (42\u00a0km) southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska and just southeast of Moose Creek, Alaska. It was established in 1943 as Mile 26 Satellite Field and taken off deployment in 2007. It has been a Superfund site since 1989.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "1950 British Columbia B-36 crash", "paragraph_text": "On 14 February 1950, a Convair B-36B, Air Force Serial Number \"44-92075\" assigned to the 7th Bomb Wing at Carswell Air Force Base, crashed in northern British Columbia after jettisoning a Mark 4 nuclear bomb. This was the first such nuclear weapon loss in history. The B-36 had been en route from Eielson Air Force Base near Fairbanks, Alaska to Carswell AFB in Fort Worth, Texas, more than 3000 miles south-east, on a mission that included a simulated nuclear attack on San Francisco.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "343d Wing", "paragraph_text": "The 343d Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with Pacific Air Forces at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, where it was inactivated on 20 August 1993. The unit was formed at Eielson as the 343d Composite Wing and activated in October 1981 to replace the 5010th Combat Support Group. It operated both fighter and forward air control aircraft. In 1991, it also became the administrator for periodic Exercise Cope Thunder operations, which moved to Alaska from the Philippines after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo resulted in the evacuation of units from Clark Air Base When the wing was inactivated, it was replaced at Eielson by the 354th Fighter Wing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "168th Air Refueling Squadron", "paragraph_text": "The 168th Air Refueling Squadron (168 ARS) is a unit of the Alaska Air National Guard 168th Air Refueling Wing located at Eielson Air Force Base, Fairbanks, Alaska. The 168th is equipped with the KC-135R Stratotanker.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Exercise Red Flag", "paragraph_text": "Exercise Red Flag is an advanced aerial combat training exercise hosted at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. Red Flag \u2013 Alaska is held at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, being a successor to the previous COPE THUNDER exercise series in the Western Pacific and Alaska. Since 1975, air crews from the United States Air Force (USAF), United States Navy (USN), United States Marine Corps (USMC), United States Army (USA) and numerous NATO or other allied nations' air forces take part in one of several Red Flag exercises held during the year, each of which is two weeks in duration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Carl Ben Eielson", "paragraph_text": "Carl Benjamin \"Ben\" Eielson (July 20, 1897 \u2013 November 9, 1929) was an American aviator, bush pilot and explorer. Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska is named in his honor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Politics of Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Political party strength in Alaska has varied over the years. The communities of Juneau, Sitka, downtown and midtown Anchorage, the areas surrounding the College/University of Alaska Fairbanks campus and Ester and the \"Alaska Bush\" \u2013 rural, sparsely populated Alaska \u2013 stand out as Democratic strongholds, while the Kenai Peninsula, Matanuska-Susitna Valley, parts of Anchorage, and Fairbanks (including North Pole and Eielson Air Force Base), Ketchikan, Wrangell, and Petersburg serve as the Republican Party electoral base. As of 2004, well over half of all registered voters have chosen \"Non-Partisan\" or \"Undeclared\" as their affiliation, despite recent attempts to close primaries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Cape Thompson", "paragraph_text": "Cape Thompson is a headland on the Chukchi Sea coast of Alaska. It is located 26 miles to the southeast of Point Hope, Arctic Slope. It is part of the Chukchi Sea unit of Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Alaska Railroad", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Railroad (reporting mark ARR) is a Class II railroad which extends from Seward and Whittier, in the south of the state of Alaska, in the United States, to Fairbanks (passing through Anchorage), and beyond to Eielson Air Force Base and Fort Wainwright in the interior of that state. Uniquely (for the US), it carries both freight and passengers throughout its system, including Denali National Park. The railroad has a mainline over 470 mi long and is well over 500 mi including branch lines and siding tracks. It is currently owned by the state of Alaska. The railroad is connected to the contiguous 48 via three rail barges that sail between the Port of Whittier, Alaska and Harbor Island in Seattle (the Alaska Railroad-owned Alaska Rail Marine, from Whittier to Seattle, and the CN Rail-owned Aqua Train, from Whittier to Prince Rupert, British Columbia) but does not currently have a direct, land-based connection with any other railroad lines on the North American network. In 2016, the company suffered a net loss of $4.3 million on revenues of $169.8 million, holding $1.1 billion in total assets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Moose Creek, Alaska", "paragraph_text": "Moose Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairbanks North Star Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population of the CDP was 747. It is part of the 'Fairbanks, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area'. Moose Creek is located south of Fairbanks, Alaska along the Richardson Highway. Moose Creek is bordered by Eielson Air Force Base to the south, the Tanana River to the west, and the Chena River Flood Control Project to the north.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abbf8be554299114383a0c1", "question_text": "The 1996 film \"The Christmas Tree\" stars Andrew McCarthy and an actress that has won how any Emmy Awards?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["three"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Magic Christmas Tree", "paragraph_text": "The Magic Christmas Tree is a 1964 American Christmas-themed fantasy-adventure film about a boy who uses a magic ring to bring a Christmas tree to life. The tree then grants the boy three wishes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Christmas Tree (1996 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Christmas Tree is a 1996 American made-for-television Christmas drama film directed by Sally Field, starring Julie Harris and Andrew McCarthy and produced by Walt Disney Television which premiered on ABC on December 22, 1996.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Weekend at Bernie's", "paragraph_text": "Weekend at Bernie's is a 1989 American comedy film written by Robert Klane and directed by Ted Kotcheff. The film stars Andrew McCarthy and Jonathan Silverman as young insurance corporation employees who discover their boss, Bernie, dead. While attempting to convince people that Bernie is still alive, they discover that Bernie had ordered their deaths to cover up his embezzlement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lisa Lucas", "paragraph_text": "Lisa Lucas is a former child actress best known for her role as \"Addie Mills\" in the Emmy-winning Christmas television special, \"The House Without a Christmas Tree\". It first aired on CBS-TV in December 1972, spawned three holiday-based sequels from 1973\u20131976 with the same cast, \"The Thanksgiving Treasure\" (also listed elsewhere as \"The Holiday Treasure\") (1973), \"The Easter Promise\" (1975) and \"Addie and The King of Hearts\" (1976). \" USA Today\" called \"A House Without a Christmas Tree\" \"beautifully acted\" and the \"Spartanburg Herald-Journal\" called it a \"Christmas treasure\" and said it was full of heartwarming moments, especially when Addie gives away the Christmas tree she wins, or finds the star belonging to her mother.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Night of the Running Man", "paragraph_text": "Night of the Running Man is a 1995 American crime thriller directed by Mark L. Lester and written by Lee Wells, who adapted it from his novel of the same name. It stars Andrew McCarthy and Scott Glenn. The film debuted on HBO before being released direct-to-video. McCarthy plays a cab driver who stumbles upon a large sum of money stolen from the mob. When mob hit men target him, he flees.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Beniker Gang", "paragraph_text": "The Beniker Gang is a 1985 American drama film written by Judie Angell and directed by Ken Kwapis. The movie stars Andrew McCarthy as Arthur Beniker, Jennifer Dundas as Cassie Beniker, Charles Fields as Edmund Beniker, and Danny Pintauro as Ben Beniker.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Less Than Zero (film)", "paragraph_text": "Less Than Zero is a 1987 American drama film very loosely based on Bret Easton Ellis' novel of the same name. The film stars Andrew McCarthy as Clay, a college freshman returning home for Christmas to spend time with his ex-girlfriend Blair (Jami Gertz) and his friend Julian (Robert Downey, Jr.), who is also a drug addict. The film presents a look at the culture of wealthy, decadent youth in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mannequin (1987 film)", "paragraph_text": "Mannequin is a 1987 American romantic comedy fantasy film starring Andrew McCarthy, Kim Cattrall, Meshach Taylor, James Spader, G. W. Bailey, and Estelle Getty. Directed and written by Michael Gottlieb, the film was also co-written by Edward Rugoff. The original music score was composed by Sylvester Levay. The film, a modern re-telling of the Pygmalion myth, tells about a chronically underemployed artist named Jonathan Switcher (played by Andrew McCarthy) who gets a job as a department-store window dresser and falls in love with a mannequin (played by Kim Cattrall)\u2014the attraction being that she comes to life on occasion, but only for him.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Julie Harris (actress)", "paragraph_text": "Julia Ann \"Julie\" Harris (December 2, 1925 \u2013 August 24, 2013) was an American stage, screen, and television actress. A 10-time Tony Award nominee and five-time winner, she won for \"I Am a Camera\" (1952), \"The Lark\" (1956), \"Forty Carats\" (1969), \"The Last of Mrs. Lincoln\" (1973), and \"The Belle of Amherst\" (1977). She also won three Emmy Awards, a Grammy Award, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for the 1952 film \"The Member of the Wedding\". She was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1979, received the National Medal of Arts in 1994, and the 2002 Special Lifetime Achievement Tony Award.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tree (installation)", "paragraph_text": "\"Tree\" was a controversial 24 m high inflatable sculpture by the artist Paul McCarthy that was briefly installed in the Place Vend\u00f4me in Paris in October 2014 as part of a FIAC exhibition called \"Hors les murs\". Although officially described as a Christmas tree, it was widely criticised for its similarity in appearance to a huge green butt plug. McCarthy admitted that it was deliberately shaped as such as a joke.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae694a15542991bbc976141", "question_text": "Why is Minister Pool important to Black Country and the West Midlands in England?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["defence of the Cathedral"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Black Country Rangers F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Black Country Rangers Football Club is a football club based in Rowley Regis in the West Midlands. They are currently members of the West Midlands (Regional) League Premier Division and play at the Beeches in Cradley, groundsharing with Cradley Town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Lichfield Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Lichfield Cathedral is situated in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England. It is the only medieval English cathedral with three spires. The Diocese of Lichfield covers all of Staffordshire, much of Shropshire and part of the Black Country and West Midlands. The 99th and current Bishop of Lichfield is Michael Ipgrave who was appointed on 10 June 2016.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ryan's Gig Guide", "paragraph_text": "Ryan's Gig Guide is an independent incisive band friendly gig guide and music magazine based in The Black Country, England and distributed throughout the West Midlands United Kingdom. The printed publication is not just a list of gigs each month, but the finger on the pulse of the Birmingham and the Black Country music scene.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Minster Pool", "paragraph_text": "Minster Pool is a reservoir located between Bird Street and Dam Street in the heart of the city of Lichfield, Staffordshire in the United Kingdom. The pool lies directly south of Lichfield Cathedral and historically has been important to the defence of the Cathedral Close. The pool was originally formed in the 11th century when a boggy stream was dammed at its eastern end to drive a mill on Dam Street. The pool was used as a mill pond and fishery until 1856 when the mill was demolished; it has since been retained for public amenity.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Brierley Hill", "paragraph_text": "Brierley Hill is a small town and electoral ward of the Dudley Metropolitan Borough, in the West Midlands of England, and is situated approximately 2.5 miles south of central Dudley and 2 miles north of Stourbridge. Part of the Black Country, and in a heavily industrialised area of the Dudley Borough, it has a population of 13,935 at the 2011 census, and is best known for glass and steel manufacturing, although the industry has declined considerably since the 1970s. One of the largest factories in the area was the Round Oak Steelworks, which was closed down and redeveloped in the 1980s to become the Merry Hill Shopping Centre. Brierley Hill was originally in Staffordshire, but is now part of the West Midlands metropolitan county since its creation in 1974.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Black Country Living Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Black Country Living Museum (formerly The Black Country Museum) is an open-air museum of rebuilt historic buildings in Dudley in the West Midlands of England. It is located in the centre of the Black Country, 10 miles west of Birmingham. The museum occupies 105000 m2 of former industrial land partly reclaimed from a former railway goods yard, disused lime kilns, canal arm and former coal pits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of railway stations in the West Midlands", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of railway stations within the West Midlands, a metropolitan county in central England which includes the cities of Birmingham, Coventry and Wolverhampton. It includes all railway stations in the West Midlands that currently have regular timetabled train services, as well as certain stations outside the county which are within the area supported by Transport for West Midlands (TfWM), formerly known as Centro. Transport within the West Midlands is subsidised by TfWM, who since 2006 have used the brand name Network West Midlands to demonstrate the 'joined-up' nature of the regions bus and rail networks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Walsall", "paragraph_text": "Walsall ( ) is an industrial town in the West Midlands of England. It is located 8 miles north-west of the City of Birmingham and 6 miles east of the City of Wolverhampton. Historically a part of Staffordshire, Walsall is a component area of the West Midlands conurbation, and part of the Black Country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dudley Zoo", "paragraph_text": "Dudley Zoological Gardens is a 40 acre zoo located within the grounds of Dudley Castle in the town of Dudley, in the Black Country region of the West Midlands, England. The Zoo opened to the public on 18 May 1937. Dudley Zoo is owned and operated by Dudley and West Midlands Zoological Society, founded in 1935 and a registered charity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tipton", "paragraph_text": "Tipton is a town in the borough of Sandwell, West Midlands, England, with a population of around 38,777 at the 2011 UK Census. Tipton is located about halfway between Birmingham and Wolverhampton. It is a part of the West Midlands conurbation and is a part of the Black Country.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8268215542995ce29dccfb", "question_text": "What other country does the league that Taylor Eric Kemp played in represents the sport's highest level besides the United States?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Canada"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "High performance sport", "paragraph_text": "High performance sport or elite sport is sport at the highest level of competition, with elite athletes as the competitors. In sports administration \"high performance sport\", where the emphasis is on winning prestigious competitions, is distinguished from \"mass sport\" or \"recreational sport\", where the emphasis is on attracting the maximum number of participants. High performance sport overlaps with professional sport but is not the same; for example, the English football league system and Minor League Baseball include lower divisions whose teams' members are full-time professionals; on the other hand, competitors at the Olympic Games or World Games in some minority sports may be part-time or rely on government grants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "IK Brage", "paragraph_text": "Idrottsklubben Brage, also known as IK Brage or simply Brage, is a Swedish football club located in Borl\u00e4nge. The club is affiliated with Dalarnas Fotbollf\u00f6rbund and play their home games at Domnarvsvallen. The club colours, reflected in their crest and kit, are green and white. The club can be seen as a continuation of IK Blixt which was founded in the early 1920s but merged into Domnarvets GoIF in 1923. Two years later the merger was split and IK Blixt changed their name to IK Brage. The club has played a total of 18 seasons in Allsvenskan, which is the highest level of the Swedish football league system. They currently play in the third highest level (Division 1) where the season lasts from April to November. IK Brage also recently spent time in the second division Superettan and fourth division Division 2 between 2005 and 2009) but has mainly played in the two highest Swedish divisions since its foundation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pakistan Super League", "paragraph_text": "Pakistan Super League (PSL, Urdu: \u200e ) is a men's professional Twenty20 cricket league, sanctioned by the Pakistan Cricket Board, that represents the sport's highest level in Pakistan. The league was founded in Lahore on 8 September 2015 and presently comprises of 6 teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by investors. The commercial rights to the initial franchises were sold for \u20a8985 crore ($91.4 million) for a span of 10 years in December 2015. The PSL season runs through the month of February, with each team playing 10\u00a0matches in double round-robin format; the top 4 teams with the best record qualify for the Playoffs and culminates in the championship game, the PSL Cup Final. The league's head offices are directed out of the Pakistan Cricket Board head office in Lahore. Due to the security reasons, the first season was played entirely in the United Arab Emirates. The inaugural champions were Islamabad United. Peshawar Zalmi were the 2017 PSL Champions, having defeated Quetta Gladiators in Lahore on 5 March 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Taylor Kemp", "paragraph_text": "Taylor Eric Kemp (born July 23, 1990) is an American soccer player currently playing for D.C. United in Major League Soccer.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Honkbal Overgangsklasse", "paragraph_text": "The Honkbal Overgangsklasse (Dutch for \"Baseball Transition League\") is the second highest level of professional baseball in the Netherlands. It is a twelve-team league that plays a 22-game schedule followed by two separate 15-game schedules for the best six teams and the weakest six teams, and is overseen by the KNBSB. Games are played principally on weekends. The season runs from April to August and is followed by a promotion and relegation system with the highest level of baseball in the Netherlands, the Honkbal Hoofdklasse, so that the composition of the top level may change from year to year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Major League Soccer", "paragraph_text": "Major League Soccer (MLS) is a men's professional soccer league, sanctioned by U.S. Soccer, that represents the sport's highest level in both the United States and Canada. MLS constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada. The league comprises 22 teams\u201419 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada. The MLS regular season runs from March to October, with each team playing 34\u00a0games; the team with the best record is awarded the Supporters' Shield. The postseason includes twelve teams competing in the MLS Cup Playoffs through November and December, culminating in the championship game, the MLS Cup. MLS teams also play in other domestic competitions against teams from other divisions in the U.S. Open Cup and in the Canadian Championship. MLS teams also compete against continental rivals in the CONCACAF Champions League.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Galleria at Tyler", "paragraph_text": "The Galleria at Tyler, formerly known as the Tyler Mall, is a regional shopping mall located in Riverside, California, United States. Initially a single story facility, with three two-story anchor tenants, the mall was renovated in 1991 to add a second level and a fourth anchor tenant, Nordstrom. Nordstrom is the only tenant in this mall that has a third level besides Forever 21.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "National Women's Soccer League", "paragraph_text": "The National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) is a professional women's soccer league, run by the United States Soccer Federation. At the top of the United States league system, it represents the sport's highest level in the United States. The NWSL was established in 2012 as a successor to Women's Professional Soccer (2007\u20132012) which was the successor to Women's United Soccer Association (2001\u20132003). The league began play in 2013 with eight teams; four of which were former members of Women's Professional Soccer. With the addition of two expansion teams in Houston and Orlando since the league's founding, it now has 10 teams based throughout the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Carlos Carmona", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Emilio Carmona Tello (born February 21, 1987) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays for Atlanta United as a midfielder in the Major League Soccer (MLS) men's professional soccer league, sanctioned by U.S. Soccer, that represents the sport's highest level in both the United States and Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Bangladesh Super League", "paragraph_text": "Bangladesh Super League (BSL) is a defunct professional football league, sanctioned by Bangladesh Football Federation, that represents the sport's highest level in Bangladesh. It is the country's premier football division and is the top of the Bangladesh football league system. The league was inaugurated by Bangladesh Football Federation on 18 January 2016. The league will be contested by eight clubs. The first season of the league will be held in 2017. Due to less stadiums and infrastructure, the tournament has been cancelled without any press release.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7758895542994aec3b729c", "question_text": " Which American rock band, Sugar Ray or Against the Current gained mainstream fame in the 1990's?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["rock", "Sugar Ray"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "14:59", "paragraph_text": "14:59 is the third studio album by American rock band Sugar Ray, released on January 12, 1999. It entered the top 20 on the \"Billboard\" 200, peaking at number 17<ref name=\"1459/billboard\"> </ref> and certified triple-platinum by the RIAA. The album shows the band moving into a more mainstream pop rock sound, away from their earlier funk metal and nu metal sound, due to the success of their single \"Fly\" off their prior album, \"Floored\". The album's title is a self-deprecating reference to the \"15 minutes of fame\" critics claimed the band was riding on.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Reel Big Fish", "paragraph_text": "Reel Big Fish is an American ska punk band from Huntington Beach, California, best known for the 1997 hit \"Sell Out\". The band gained mainstream recognition in the mid-to-late 1990s, during the third wave of ska with the release of the gold certified album \"Turn the Radio Off\". Soon after, the band lost mainstream recognition but gained an underground cult following. As of 2006, the band is no longer signed to a major record label, and has since been independent. After many line-up changes throughout the years, front man Aaron Barrett remains the only founding member in the band.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Falls Apart (Sugar Ray song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Falls Apart\" is a song by American rock band Sugar Ray from their album \"\". The song reached number 29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 5 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Against the Current (band)", "paragraph_text": "Against the Current (often abbreviated as ATC) is an American pop rock band based in Poughkeepsie, New York and formed in 2011. The band currently consists of lead vocalist Chrissy Costanza, guitarist Dan Gow, and drummer Will Ferri. The group gained a sizable YouTube following after posting their covers of popular songs from a variety of different artists.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Lemonade and Brownies", "paragraph_text": "Lemonade and Brownies is the debut studio album by the American rock band Sugar Ray. It was produced by the band's director friend Joseph McGinty \"McG\" Nichol and DJ Lethal and released on April 4, 1995 by Atlantic Records. Actress Nicole Eggert is featured on the cover. Even though the album did not chart and was a commercial and critical failure for Atlantic Records, the band stayed on the label, going on to huge success.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Fly (Sugar Ray song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Fly\" is a song by American rock band Sugar Ray. It appears on their 1997 album \"Floored\" twice: one version with reggae artist Super Cat (Track 4) and the other without (Track 13).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Virgin Millionaires", "paragraph_text": "Virgin Millionaires are an American rock band from Indianapolis, Indiana. Founded by Zach Baldauf after three years as the guitarist of Transmatic. With the success of their EP the band began doing shows with bands like Kid Rock, 311, Hoobastank, and Puddle of Mudd. In 2006, they played at the opening of the Indianapolis 500. The band did a mini-spring 2008 tour with the band Hurt in the Midwest and summer 2008 had the band playing dates with artists including Daughtry, Sugar Ray, Spin Doctors, Spill Canvas and Matt Nathanson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sugar Ray", "paragraph_text": "Sugar Ray is an American rock band formed in 1986. The band, starting off more as a funk metal band, gained mainstream fame in 1997 with their release of the song \"Fly\". This song's success, coupled with its pop rock sound that was quite different from the rest of their material at the time, led the band to change to a mainstream, pop music style. Subsequent albums shared this style, and the band landed a number of hits with \"Every Morning\" and \"Someday\" from \"\" and \"When It's Over\" from their self-titled album.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "James (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Faruq Mahfuz Anam (Bengali: \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09b9\u09ab\u09c1\u099c \u0986\u09a8\u09be\u09ae ), (known by his stage name James) is a Bangladeshi singer, guitarist, and composer. He is often referred to as \"Guru\". James is currently the lead guitarist and vocalist of the band \"Nagar Baul\" (the Urban Medincant). He has also played back in few songs in Bollywood movies. James rose to mainstream fame in the 1990s as the frontman of \"Feelings\" now renamed \"Nagar Baul\" which is one of the \"Big Three of Rock\", who were responsible for developing and popularising rock music in Bangladesh, the other two being LRB and Ark. James is considered to be the pioneer of psychedelic rock in Bangladesh.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "When It's Over (Sugar Ray song)", "paragraph_text": "\"When It's Over\" is a song by American rock band Sugar Ray and it was released in May 2001 as the lead single from their self-titled fourth album \"Sugar Ray\". The song reached number 6 in New Zealand, number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 32 on the UK Singles Chart.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a737e4655429908901be2cc", "question_text": "This Fox News Specialist Host also took over what Fox Business Channel news program in 2013?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Cashin' In"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jenna Lee", "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Anne \"Jenna\" Lee (born (1980--) 30, 1980 ) is an American journalist and former anchor on the Fox News Channel, where she co-hosted \"Happening Now\" with Jon Scott. Lee previously co-anchored Fox Business Network's early-morning business news program, \"Fox Business Morning\", with Connell McShane.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Terry Keenan", "paragraph_text": "Terry Keenan (June 1, 1961 \u2013 October 23, 2014) was an American economic/business columnist for the New York Post, and a former anchor for the Cable News Network (CNN). Keenan was host of the Fox Business Network's stocks/investment news program \"Cashin' In\" from 2002 to 2009, and a senior business correspondent for the Fox News Channel and the Fox Business Network. In September 2009 she became a Fox News contributor, in addition to being an economic/business columnist for the \"New York Post\", which is owned by NewsCorp the parent company of Fox.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Fox Business Network", "paragraph_text": "Fox Business Network (FBN), also known as Fox Business, is an American cable and satellite business news television channel that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group division of 21st Century Fox. The network discusses business and financial news. Day-to-day operations are run by Kevin Magee, executive vice president of Fox News; Neil Cavuto manages content and business news coverage. As of February 2015, Fox Business Network is available to approximately 74,224,000 pay television households (63.8% of households with television) in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sudhir Chaudhary (journalist)", "paragraph_text": "Sudhir Chaudhary is an Indian Journalist. He serves as the Editor-in-Chief of Hindi news channel Zee News, In April 2017, he was elevated as the Editor-in-Chief of English news channel World is One News, and Business channel Zee Business by Zee Media Corporation Limited. Chaudhary raised to prominence by hosting Daily News and Analysis show aired on Zee News. Chaudhary's tenure as a Chief Editor is known for increasing viewership of his edited news channels. Chaudhary significantly raised the viewership of Global Indian English News channel World is one news (WION). Chaudhary holds a unique achievement of being an Editor-in-Chief of Hindi and English News Channel, Business Channel at once. He is considered to be one of the most efficient Chief editor of News Media in India", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Eric Bolling", "paragraph_text": "Eric Thomas Bolling (born March 2, 1963) is an American television personality, conservative political commentator, author, and financial commentator. He has occupied numerous roles as a commentator on financial issues for television, most notably for Fox News. Bolling took over as host of the Fox Business Channel news program \"Cashin' In\" in 2013. He was a co-host of Fox News Channel's \"The Five\" at its inception, until leaving to co-host \"Fox News Specialists\" in May 2017. In 2016, Bolling published his first book, \"Wake Up America\", which became a \"New York Times\" best seller. In 2017 he wrote another book, \"The Swamp: Washington's Murky Pool of Corruption and Cronyism and How Trump Can Drain It\". On August 5, 2017, \"HuffPost\" reported that he had sent unsolicited lewd photographs and text messages to three female colleagues several years previously. Fox News conducted an independent investigation and mutually agreed to part ways with Bolling the following month.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Liz MacDonald", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth MacDonald is the stocks editor for \"Fox Business\" and \"Fox News\". MacDonald also covered the markets, corporate accounting scandals, taxes and the IRS for the \"Wall Street Journal\" and \"Forbes\" Magazine, where she created Forbes' top-rated annual ranking, \"The World's 100 Most Powerful Women\". MacDonald appears on Fox Business shows Opening Bell with Maria Bartiromo\", \"Cavuto\" and \"Varney & Co.\", \"Fox News'\" \"Forbes on Fox\", \"Your World With Neil Cavuto\", \"Outnumbered\", and \"Happening Now\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jonas Max Ferris", "paragraph_text": "Jonas Max Ferris (born September 13, 1971, Southfield, Massachusetts) is an economist, investment advisor, and Fox News economic analyst who regularly appears as a panelist on \"Fox Business' Channel\" stocks and investment news program \"Cashin' In\". He joined Fox Business Network (FBN) as a panelist on the stocks investment/news program \"Cashin' In\" in 2002. He is also the founder and editor of \"MAXFunds.com\", a website offering financial advice and services to consumers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of Fox News Specials", "paragraph_text": "The Fox News Channel's documentary unit was headed by David Asman from August 2005 until he joined the Fox Business Channel in September 2007. The Executive Producer of the unit is Brian Gaffney. In March 2008, Fox began posting selected specials on the video clip internet site, Hulu.com. A list of the specials broadcast by Fox News includes:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tracy Byrnes", "paragraph_text": "Tracy Byrnes (born 1970) is an American television business news anchor, journalist, and accountant who worked for the Fox Business Network. Byrnes appeared as a recurring panelist on Fox Business Channel stocks and investment news programs \"Cashin' In\", \"Bulls & Bears\" and \"Your World with Neil Cavuto\". She formerly hosted the 1 P.M. ET weekday \"FBN Live\" on FoxNews.com Live. She joined Fox Business Network as a reporter in October 2007 after being a recurring guest since 2005. She left Fox Business Network in March 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Fox News Specialists", "paragraph_text": "The Fox News Specialists is an American news and talk show that aired from May 1 to September 7, 2017, on the Fox News Channel. It featured three permanent hosts, Eric Bolling, Katherine Timpf, and Eboni Williams, plus two rotating guests, who are called specialists, who discuss current events and political issues. It was created to replace \"The Five\", that Bolling used to be a co-host for, due to that show moving to 9pm ET, in the wake of Bill O'Reilly being forced out at Fox News. The first two guest co-hosts for the first episode were Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban and television producer Mark McKinnon. The first episode also featured an interview, conducted by Bolling, with the President of the United States, Donald Trump.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7351785542994cef4bc539", "question_text": "Was Atom Egoyans biggest commercial success on stage or on film?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["erotic thriller film", "Film"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Saif Ali Khan", "paragraph_text": "Saif Ali Khan (] ; born Sajid Ali Khan on 16 August 1970) is an Indian film actor and producer. The son of actress Sharmila Tagore and the late cricketer Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, Khan made his acting debut in Yash Chopra's unsuccessful drama \"Parampara\" (1993), but achieved success with his roles in the romantic drama \"Yeh Dillagi\" and the action film \"Main Khiladi Tu Anari\" (both 1994). Khan's career prospect declined through much of the 1990s, and his biggest commercial success of the decade came with the ensemble drama \"Hum Saath-Saath Hain\" (1999). He rose to prominence with roles in two ensemble comedy-dramas\"Dil Chahta Hai\" (2001) and \"Kal Ho Naa Ho\" (2003).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rasel", "paragraph_text": "Rafael Abad Anselmo (born in Seville, Spain on December 23, 1981) better known by his stage name Rasel, is a Spanish singer, with various influences including rap, reggae, R&B and dance music. His debut was with \"Publicidad enga\u00f1osa\" in 2007. His biggest commercial success is the 2012 hit \"Me pones tierno\" featuring Carlos Baute reaching #6 on the Spanish Singles Chart. He is signed to Warner Music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Zooey Deschanel filmography", "paragraph_text": "American actress Zooey Deschanel made her film debut in the 1999 comedy feature \"Mumford\". She went on to gained public attention by co-starred in the comedy-drama \"Almost Famous\" (2000), the independent drama \"Manic\" (2001), opposite Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and the comedy-drama \"The Good Girl\" (2002). She landed her first major role as a 18-year-old virgin in the romantic drama \"All the Real Girls\" (2003), for which she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead. Deschanel's biggest commercial success, as of 2017, came with the Christmas-fantasy film \"Elf\" (also in 2003), which grossed over $220 million worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Chloe (film)", "paragraph_text": "Chloe is a 2009 erotic thriller film directed by Atom Egoyan, a remake of the 2003 French film \"Nathalie...\". It stars Julianne Moore, Liam Neeson, and Amanda Seyfried in the title role. Its screenplay was written by Erin Cressida Wilson, based on the earlier French film, written by Anne Fontaine.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Self Control (album)", "paragraph_text": "Self Control is the third album by American singer Laura Branigan, released in 1984. Two songs from the album were US Top-20 hits, the title song (#4) and \"The Lucky One\" (#20). The album became Branigan's biggest commercial success, earning her a Platinum certification in the United States for over 1 million confirmed sales, and selling several million copies worldwide. Branigan also enjoyed huge success in some countries with the single \"Ti amo\" (her second Umberto Tozzi cover, after \"Gloria\"), which reached #5 in the Canadian singles chart, but most notably reaching #2 in Australia. The album was a huge success internationally, gaining several sales certifications.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "For Those Who Think Young (album)", "paragraph_text": "For Those Who Think Young, appearing on the album cover as (for those who think young) and originally to be entitled for those who think jung, was the third album by Canadian new wave band Rough Trade; it was released in 1981 (True North TN-48 in Canada; Boardwalk NB-33261-1, US; Big Time, UK; CBS 85385, The Netherlands). It climbed to #9 in Canada on the \"RPM\" Top 50 Albums Chart on November 7, 1981 (putting it at #1 on the CANCON Chart listing), and held the position for three weeks, dropping out of the Top 50 after sixteen weeks on February 6 of the following year. It was certified gold in Canada by the CRIA on November 1, 1981. The single \"All Touch\" gave the band its biggest commercial success, reaching #12 in Canada on the \"RPM\" Top 50 Singles Chart (#2 on the CANCON Chart) and #58 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\" Hot 100\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mike Oldfield", "paragraph_text": "Michael Gordon Oldfield (born 15 May 1953) is an English musician and composer. His work blends progressive rock with world, folk, classical, electronic, ambient, and new-age music. His biggest commercial success is the 1973 album \"Tubular Bells\"which launched Virgin Records and became a hit in America after its opening was used as the theme for the film \"The Exorcist\". He recorded the 1983 hit single \"Moonlight Shadow\" and a rendition of the Christmas piece \"In Dulci Jubilo\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "John Dunning (film producer)", "paragraph_text": "John Dunning (April 27, 1927\u2013September 19, 2011) was a pioneering Canadian film producer from Montreal who co-founded the Canadian film production company Cin\u00e9pix and produced early works by notable Canadian directors David Cronenberg and Ivan Reitman. Dunning launched Cin\u00e9pix with partner Andr\u00e9 Link in Montreal in the early 1960s. Their biggest commercial success\u2014and the first Canadian box office hit\u2014came with Reitman\u2019s \"Meatballs\" (1979).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Atom Egoyan", "paragraph_text": "Atom Egoyan, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (born July 19, 1960) is a Canadian stage and film director, writer and producer. Egoyan made his career breakthrough with \"Exotica\" (1994), a film set primarily in and around the fictional Exotica strip club. Egoyan's most critically acclaimed film is the drama \"The Sweet Hereafter\" (1997), for which he received two Academy Award nominations, and his biggest commercial success is the erotic thriller \"Chloe\" (2009).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Neethu", "paragraph_text": "Neethu (born 2 September 1986) is an Indian film actress, who predominantly appears in Kannada-language films and few Tulu and Malayalam films. Her commercial successful movies include Joke Falls (2004), Beru (2005), Photographer (2006) - Malayalam debut, Koti Chennaya (2007), Gaalipata (2008)- (her biggest commercial success up to date.) , Krishna Nee Late Aagi Baaro (2009) and many others. She has done cameos in other successful movies like Abhinetri (2015 film) and Fair & Lovely. Her career include working with actors like Ramesh Aravind, V. Ravichandran, Mohanlal, H. G. Dattatreya, Kishore Kumar G, Ganesh, Jaggesh, Doddanna, Anant Nag, Vijay Raghavendra, Ravishankar Gowda, Dileep Raj, Rajesh Krishnan, Shivadhwaj shetty, Diganth, Mohan Shankar, Naveen Krishna.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7526945542993748c897d2", "question_text": "What year did the movement that Tess Asplund protested in the viral image of her with her fist in the air disband?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["2016"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ioanna-Maria Gertsou", "paragraph_text": "Ioanna-Maria Gertsou was born on January 20, 1979 in Athens Greece and she is visually impaired due to retinopathy of prematurity. She is mostly known as representative of the guide dog movement, through \"Lara Guide-Dog School Hellas\" a non - profit organisation that she co-founded in 2008. She is an activist, promoting human diversity, guide dog access, physical and electronic accessibility and animal rights. She is also a scientist with superior studies in experimental psychology and cognitive science. From 2006 to 2012, she worked as a researcher in the Human/computer Interaction Laboratory, located at the Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.) which is considered to be a major scientific center worldwide. In 2008, during a visit at F.O.R.T.H the President of the Hellenic Republic, Karolos Papoulias was moved by her presentation and did something extraordinary: he bowed and kissed her hand to show his respect. Ioanna-Maria is one among the very few visually impaired / disabled researchers around the world and the only one, employed in Greece. Additionally, she is considered to be a rare case of a person who is blind since birth to exhibit visual synaesthesia. That is why, she is being asked to contribute to experiments, studies and projects regarding perception and the crossing of the senses. Every year, she is invited and participates in numerous conferences, arising matters varying from psychological research to guide dogs and contemporary issues as youth unemployment., Her knoweledge in psychology is often shared on newspapers and blogs. She was the first person to enter with her guide dog (and a dog in general), into the Hellenic Parliament and the European Parliament. In 2009, she protested through the web because her guide dog was denied in two reustaurants. She wrote a letter which went viral and caused great awareness. Following this incident, one year later a Spanish tourist named Antonia Pons Losada was not permitted into the new Acropolis Museum with her guide dog. As a result of local and international outcry regarding issues of guide dog access in Greece on August 2010, Ioanna contributed to the voting of the first national law, related to guide dogs. As soon as the law was approved by the Hellenic Parliament, she took her guide dog \"May\" and a Television crew for a visit to the Acropolis Museum. Today on the Museum's website we are informed that \"guide and assistance dogs, are welcome\". According to the law 3868/2010, guide, assistance and therapy dogs are allowed practically everywhere in Greece. The law was recently reviewed, including guide/assistance/therapy dogs who are still in training and claryfing that they can enter into transportation means, without a muzzle. While transforming Greece into a role model for guide dog access, she joined the board of directors of the European Guide Dog Federation to defend the rights and access of guide dog teams, throughout the European Union. In 2013 at the European Parliament, she and former MEP Jorgo Chatzimarkakis were the main rapporteurs for the voting of an E.U. direction, aiming to promote e-accessibility on governmental websites. The direction was approved in 2014. Ioanna-Maria, was two times a political candidate. One in the 2009 Hellenic National Elections with the Ecogreens Party and one in the 2014 European Elections with the \"Greek European Citizens Party\". She was a paracycling athlete. Always accompanied by her two guide dogs \"Lara\" and \"May\", she had appeared on several documentaries, TV shows, movies and public events., The references are mainly in Greek.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Katarina Asplund", "paragraph_text": "Katarina Asplund (1690-1758), was a Finnish pietist. She was a leading figure within the pietism movement in \u00d6sterbotten and known as a visionary. Because of her visionary activity, she was often in conflict with the authorities on charges of blasphemy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hohn Air Base", "paragraph_text": "Hohn Air Base is a military air base in Germany. It is home to the \"Lufttransportgeschwader\" 63 (LTG 63 for short, Air Transport Wing 63 in English) of the German Air Force (\"Luftwaffe\"). Since May 1968 the Transall C-160 is operated from the base. During 2013 Air Transport Wing 63 will disband and subsequently the air base will be given up by the German Air Force. The LTG63 is in charge until 2020 (today's plan)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Fist of Fury 1991", "paragraph_text": "Fist of Fury 1991 (\u65b0\u7cbe\u6b66\u95801991) is a 1991 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Cho Chung-sing, and starring Stephen Chow in the lead role. Aside from a few parodied scenes, the film bears no other similarities to the Bruce Lee film, \"Fist of Fury\", except in title only. A sequel, \"Fist of Fury 1991 II\", was released the following year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "An Cafe", "paragraph_text": "Antic Cafe (\u30a2\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af-\u73c8\u7432\u5e97- , Antikku Kafe , nicknamed An Cafe) is a Japanese pop rock band formed in 2003 and signed to Sony Music Japan. Their visual image is oshare kei, and they describe their music as \"Harajuku Dance Rock\". The group has released five full-length albums, one compilation album, and four EPs. On September 1, 2009, the band announced that after their live show on January 4, 2010 at the Nippon Budokan, they would suspend activities and put the group on hiatus, however they stated they will not disband. On April 1, 2012, after two-year break, the team announced the resumption of activity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tess Taylor", "paragraph_text": "Tess Amber Adler (born February 11, 1990), commonly known as Tess Taylor, is an American reality television personality and model known for her show \"Pretty Wild\" with her adopted sisters Gabby and Alexis Neiers. She became \"Playboy\"' s Cyber Girl of the Year in 2010, modelling for \"Playboy\" under the name Tess Taylor Arlington.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tess Asplund", "paragraph_text": "Tess Asplund, born 1974, is a Swedish activist who gained attention following her protest against neo-Nazis in Borl\u00e4nge, Sweden. David Lagerlof is the photographer of the viral image of Asplund, which shows her facing uniformed members of the Swedish Nordic Resistance Movement with her fist in the air. She is originally from Colombia and describes herself as Afro-Swedish. About the incident, Asplund is quoted as having said \u201cIf this picture of me can get more people to dare to show resistance, then it\u2019s all good...the people must unite and show that it is not okay that racism is becoming normalised and that fascists are running around on our streets.\u201d", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Fliegerfaust", "paragraph_text": "The Fliegerfaust (lit. \"pilot fist\" or \"plane fist\"), also known as the \"Luftfaust\" (lit. \"air fist\"), was a prototype unguided, man-portable, German multi-barreled ground-to-air rocket launcher, designed to destroy enemy ground attack planes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nordic Resistance Movement", "paragraph_text": "The Nordic Resistance Movement (Swedish: \"Nordiska Motst\u00e5ndsr\u00f6relsen; NMR\" , Norwegian: \"Nordiske motstandsbevegelsen; NMB\" , Finnish: \"Pohjoismainen vastarintaliike; PVL\" , Danish: \"Nordiske modstandsbev\u00e6gelse; NMB\" ) is a Nordic Neo-Nazi movement that exists in Sweden, Finland, and Norway. It had a branch in Denmark before it was disbanded for inactivity in 2016.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Brand content management", "paragraph_text": "Brand Content Management (BCM) is a concept that creates a standard process an organization can use to create, store, and distribute brand-related marketing materials and information. Organizations such as AT&T, Coca-Cola, Starbucks, Apple, and Harley-Davidson all participate in marketing development and distribution of their marketing concepts. Each of these organizations have created a process to store and control their brand image and marketing concepts. Brand-related marketing advertisements contain copyrighted and trademarked information. These organization produce hundreds of thousands of marketing pieces (content) each year, some examples of these assets are lifestyle photography, brochures, literature, and logos. Marketing organizations develop these assets for mass distribution through many channels and segments. These can become viral, video, print, image, digital/electronic, or broadcast. These types of organizations generally use a customer relationship management (CRM) application that allows organizations greater control over the creative development, distribution, fulfillment and management of all brand-related content.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae1b943554299492dc91b7f", "question_text": "Are Macheng and Lianjiang, Guangdong both cities ?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lianjiang River", "paragraph_text": "The Lianjiang River (), anciently kown as Huang River (), is a right-bank and the largest tributary of the North River in Guangdong. The river rises in Momianshi (\u78e8\u9762\u77f3) of Xingzi Town (\u661f\u5b50\u9547) in Lianzhou county, and it runs generally northwest to southeast through Lianzhou, Yangshan and Yingde counties. It joins the Bei River at Jiangkouzui of Lianjiangkou Town (\u8fde\u6c5f\u53e3\u9547), Yingde. The Lianjiang River has a length of 275 km , with its tributaries; it has a drainage basin area of 10,061 km2 .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Guangdong Southern Tigers", "paragraph_text": "Guangdong Dongguan Bank (official name), also known as Guangdong Hongyuan Southern Tigers () or Guangdong Southern Tigers, are a Chinese professional basketball team owned by the Guangdong Winnerway (Hongyuan) Group. The team is one of the best-performing teams in the Chinese Basketball Association, or CBA. The Tigers have won eight CBA titles, tying only the Bayi Rockets' eight titles. The Tigers are the only team to have qualified for the CBA playoffs in all the seasons since the league launched in 1995. The team plays its home games in Dongguan, Guangdong. Occasionally, for marketing purpose, the team diversifies some of its home games to Zhongshan, Zhuhai, and other cities in the Pearl River Delta.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chengbei Subdistrict, Lianjiang, Guangdong", "paragraph_text": "Chengbei Subdistrict () is a subdistrict of Lianjiang in southwestern Guangdong, People's Republic of China, occupying the northern portion of the urban area of Lianjiang as suggested by its name. , it has 2 residential communities (\u793e\u533a) and 3 villages under its administration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Macheng", "paragraph_text": "Macheng () is a city in northeastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, bordering the provinces of Henan to the north and Anhui to the northeast. It is a county-level city under the administration of Huanggang City and abuts the south side of the Dabie Mountains. The city's administrative area covers about 3600 km2 , and includes some 700 villages and small towns. Total population was 1.2 million at the last census.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Stone dogs in the Leizhou Peninsula", "paragraph_text": "There is no distinct rule in the distribution of stone dogs. Most of them are scattered in the coastal areas of the Leizhou Peninsula, especially in Zhanjiang City, Xuwen County, Haikang County, Lanjiang City, Suixi County and many other small rural villages' entrances, corners, gates, ponds and the entrances of the houses and temples. They are famous in Chentown, Angle Tail Town, Longmen Town, QinDou Town, Lianjiang City, Hengshan Town, GoodDong Town, and Shuixi Jiang Hong Town because stone dogs of these cities are more completely preserved. The stone dogs in different regions come in different shapes, representing the evolution of the region. The discovery sites are historical, and may date back to the Qing Dynasty. According to the unofficial statistics Leizhou Peninsula has over a million stone dogs. The Leizhou Museum has collected nearly 500 stone dogs from the countryside, village corners, buried underground, or the villagers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Hepu County", "paragraph_text": "Hepu (), formerly romanized as Hoppo, Hopu or Hop'u, is a county under the administration of Beihai City in southeastern Guangxi, China. It borders Lianjiang (Guangdong) to the southeast, Bobai County to the northeast, the Gulf of Tonkin to the south, Qinzhou to the west, and Pubei County to the north. Then-Premier Li Peng called this place \"the Southern Pearl County\" (\u5357\u73e0\u4e4b\u4e61) in November 1992. The county was once known as Lianzhou (Postal: Limchow). It has an area of 2380 km2 and a population of 930,914 .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "2010 Asian Games torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Asian Games torch relay was held from October 12, 2010 through 21 cities in Guangdong province and 2 cities off Guangdong province before the opening ceremony on November 12, 2010. Prior to the relay, a lighting ceremony was held back on October 9, 2010. Some 2,068 torchbearers are expected to carry the torch with one of the relay was held in indoor arena. The relay in Harbin was held in the main venue of the 1996 Asian Winter Games, the Harbin Ice Hockey Rink, while the relay on October 22, 2010 was affected by Typhoon Megi as it was held under the rain. The relay from November 6\u20138 acted as a demonstration relay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ray Lui", "paragraph_text": "Ray Lui Leung-wai (born 22 December 1956) is a Vietnam-born Hong Kong actor, with family roots in Lianjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong. He is best known for his role as \"Ting Lik\" in the 1980 Hong Kong television series \"The Bund\" produced by TVB, which propelled him to fame. Since then, Lui has acted in several films and other television series also produced by TVB.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lianjiang, Guangdong", "paragraph_text": "Lianjiang (postal: Limkong; ) is a county-level city in the municipal region of Zhanjiang, Guangdong.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Litang\u2013Zhanjiang Railway", "paragraph_text": "The Litang\u2013Zhanjiang Railway or Lizhan Railway (), is a railroad in southern China from Litang Township in the Guangxi Autonomous Region on the Hunan\u2013Guangxi Railway, to the port city of Zhanjiang, in Guangdong Province, on the South China Sea. The line has a total length of 318.2 km and was built from 1954 to 1955. Major cities and towns along route include Guigang, Xingye County, Yulin (Guangxi), Luchuan, Lianjiang (Guangdong), Suixi (Guangdong) and Zhanjiang.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab504865542991779162d52", "question_text": "What term is the current chairman of Prince William County serving?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["fourth term"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Belmont Bay", "paragraph_text": "Belmont Bay is a body of water at the mouth of the Occoquan River between Fairfax and Prince William counties, Virginia. The bay covers about 1500 acre . The bay adjoins the Elizabeth Hartwell Mason Neck National Wildlife Refuge and Mason Neck State Park on the Fairfax County side and the Occoquan Bay National Wildlife Refuge in Prince William County. The bay was named for the home, \"Belmont,\" which was built circa 1730 overlooking the bay by Catesby Cocke, who was the clerk of the Prince William County court. Belmont Bay is notable for sightings of bald eagles that nest and feed in the refuges and for the numerous Great Blue Herons. Belmont Bay is also a popular destination for pleasure boats. Summer weekends usually attract 40 to as many as 100 boats to this location.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Forest Park High School (Montclair, Virginia)", "paragraph_text": "Forest Park Senior High School is a public high school in Montclair, Virginia, unincorporated Prince William County, Virginia, United States. It is part of Prince William County Public Schools and is located on 15721 Forest Park Drive (formerly Spriggs Road; the name changed during 2005-2006 construction on Spriggs Road). The school's name references adjacent Prince William Forest Park, one of the largest national parks in the Washington metropolitan area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Leven Powell", "paragraph_text": "Leven Powell was born to William Powell and Eleanor (Peyton). Leven was born near Manassas in Prince William County, Virginia. He studied in private schools. He was deputy sheriff of Prince William County, Virginia, before he moved to Loudoun County in 1763, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. He purchased a mill on Hunger Run and named it Sally Mill after his young wife, Sally. Sally Mill Road is between Aldie, Virginia and Middleburg, Virginia. A wall of the original mill still exists on the site. Leven later purchased 50 acres from Joseph Chinn who had built Chinn's Ordinary, now called the Red Fox Inn, in 1728 near the center of that 50 acre parcel. The area had been called Chinn's Crossroads, and was then known as Powell Town. When the town was officially established in 1787, Leven Powell declined to have the town named after him, so the name became Middleburgh, and later simply Middleburg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Prince William Board of County Supervisors", "paragraph_text": "Prince William County, Virginia is divided into seven magisterial districts: Brentsville, Coles, Gainesville, Neabsco, Occoquan, Potomac, and Woodbridge. The magisterial districts each elect one supervisor to the Board of Supervisors which governs Prince William County. There is also a Chairman elected by the county at-large, bringing total Board membership to 8. A Vice-Chairman and a Chairman Pro-Tem are selected by the Board from amongst its membership. The current Chairman is Corey A. Stewart, who previously served as the Occoquan District Supervisor. The current Vice-Chairman is Supervisor Peter Candland, the Gainesville District Supervisor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Prince William County Courthouse", "paragraph_text": "Prince William County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Manassas, Prince William County, Virginia. It was built in 1892-1893, and is a two-story, Romanesque style polychromatic brick building. It measures 52 feet by 60 feet and has a hipped roof. The front facade is symmetrical and features a projecting central bay forming a three-story clock tower topped with a cupola. The building was restored in 2000-2001. The county government moved to the building from the Brentsville Courthouse and Jail, and the building continued to be actively used as a county courthouse until 1984.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Brentsville District High School", "paragraph_text": "Brentsville District High School is a public high school in Nokesville in unincorporated Prince William County, Virginia, United States, and part of Prince William County Public Schools. It is the only high school in Prince William County considered to be in a developing rural community.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bull Run (Occoquan River)", "paragraph_text": "Bull Run is a 32.8 mi tributary of the Occoquan River that originates from a spring in the Bull Run Mountains in Loudoun County, Virginia, and flows south to the Occoquan River. Bull Run serves as the boundary between Loudoun County and Prince William County, and between Fairfax County and Prince William County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Prince William County Sheriff's Office", "paragraph_text": "The Prince William County, Virginia Sheriff's Office was established in 1731 to provide law enforcement and jailers for the County. In 1970, the Board of County Supervisors established the Prince William County Police Department which assumed the primary responsibility for law enforcement. In 1982, the Prince William County Adult Detention Center opened and assumed the duties of jailers. The Sheriff is a constitutional office elected by the Prince William County, City of Manassas and City of Manassas Park to provide certain public safety services.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Occoquan River", "paragraph_text": "The Occoquan River is a tributary of the Potomac River in Northern Virginia, where it serves as part of the boundary between Fairfax and Prince William counties. The river is 24.7 mi long, and its watershed covers about 590 sqmi . It is formed by the confluence of Broad Run and Cedar Run in Prince William County; Bull Run, which forms Prince William County's boundary with Loudoun and the northerly part of Fairfax counties, enters it east-southeast of Manassas, as the Occoquan turns to the southeast. It reaches the Potomac at Belmont Bay. The Occoquan River is part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The name \"Occoquan\" is derived from a Doeg Algonquian word translated as \"at the end of the water\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Corey Stewart (politician)", "paragraph_text": "Corey Stewart (born August 1, 1968) is an American lawyer and politician from Minnesota currently serving his fourth term as At-Large Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Prince William County, Virginia.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade3e69554299728e26c68d", "question_text": "what country are Mudvayne and Hellyeah both from?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["American"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hellyeah", "paragraph_text": "Hellyeah is an American heavy metal supergroup, consisting of Mudvayne vocalist Chad Gray, former Nothingface guitarist Tom Maxwell, bass player Kyle Sanders, guitarist Christian Brady and former Pantera and Damageplan drummer Vinnie Paul. The idea to form a supergroup originated in 2000 on the Tattoo the Earth tour, although plans were constantly put on hold due to scheduling conflicts. The summer of 2006 allowed the band to take the project seriously and record its first album. Recorded at Chasin' Jason studio in Dimebag Darrell's backyard, a self-titled album was completed in roughly one month. Released on April 10, 2007, the album entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number 9, selling 45,000 copies. AllMusic reviewer William Ruhlmann stated the album is \"a competent example of its genre\" awarding the album three and a half stars.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Audiotopsy (band)", "paragraph_text": "Audiotopsy are an American alternative metal supergroup, consisting of Skrape lead vocalist Billy Keeton, former Mudvayne/Hellyeah guitarist Greg Tribbett, bass player Perry Stern, and former Mudvayne drummer Matthew McDonough.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chad Gray", "paragraph_text": "Chad Gray (born October 16, 1971), is the lead vocalist for the groove metal supergroup Hellyeah and former lead vocalist for American heavy metal band Mudvayne.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hellyeah (album)", "paragraph_text": "Hellyeah is the debut album by the heavy metal band Hellyeah, featuring various members of Pantera, Mudvayne, Damageplan and Nothingface.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Greg Tribbett", "paragraph_text": "Greg Tribbett (born November 7, 1968) is the guitarist and backing vocalist for American band Mudvayne, and the former guitarist for Hellyeah. He has been with Mudvayne since their inception in 1996. He has named Randy Rhoads as the guitarist who most influenced him. He plays Gibson Flying Vs, Gibson Les Pauls, Ibanez S-series, Ibanez Artists ARX300, Washburn Vs, and Legator Vs, which he currently endorses. Legator now makes a signature guitar for Tribbett. Tribbett is also the older brother of Derrick \"Tripp\" Tribbett, who previously played bass for Dope, and sang for Makeshift Romeo and Twisted Method.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mudvayne", "paragraph_text": "Mudvayne was an American heavy metal band from Peoria, Illinois formed in 1996. They are known for their sonic experimentation, innovative album art, face and body paint, masks and uniforms. The band has sold over six million records worldwide, including nearly three million in the United States.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a73630655429901807db020", "question_text": "Who was born first, Antonin Artaud or  Elizabeth Taylor?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Antonin Artaud"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Elizabeth Taylor", "paragraph_text": "Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE (February 27, 1932\u00a0\u2013 March 23, 2011) was a British-American actress, businesswoman, and humanitarian. She began her career as a child actress in the early 1940s, and was one of the most popular stars of classical Hollywood cinema in the 1950s. She continued her career successfully into the 1960s, and remained a well known public figure for the rest of her life. In 1999, the American Film Institute named her the seventh-greatest female screen legend.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Cabine C", "paragraph_text": "Cabine C (] , Portuguese for \"Cabin C\") was a short-lived Brazilian post-punk band from S\u00e3o Paulo. With their sonority inspired by acts such as Siouxsie and the Banshees, The Cure, Cocteau Twins and Talking Heads, and vocalist Ciro Pessoa's lyrics influenced by Romantic and Symbolist poets such as Edgar Allan Poe, Charles Baudelaire and Arthur Rimbaud, and by playwright Antonin Artaud, they are considered to be one of the first and most famous Brazilian gothic rock bands (even though Pessoa publicly rejected any associations with the goth subculture at the time), as well as forerunners of the cold wave movement in Brazil.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "My Life and Times with Antonin Artaud", "paragraph_text": "My Life and Times with Antonin Artaud (French: \"En compagnie d'Antonin Artaud\" ) is a 1993 French film, directed by G\u00e9rard Mordillat. It is based on Jacques Prevel's 1974 novel of the same name. It follows Prevel's journal of a two-year friendship with Antonin Artaud until his death in 1948", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Theatre of Cruelty", "paragraph_text": "The Theatre of Cruelty (French: \"Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de la Cruaut\u00e9\" ) is a form of theatre developed by avant-garde playwright, actor, essayist, and theorist, Antonin Artaud, in \"The Theatre and its Double\". Originally a member of the surrealist movement, Artaud eventually began to develop his own theatrical theories. The Theatre of Cruelty can be seen as break with traditional Western theatre, and a means by which artists assault the senses of the audience, and allow them to feel the unexpressed emotions of the subconscious. While Artaud was only able to produce one play in his lifetime that reflected the tenets of the Theatre of Cruelty, the works of many theatre artists reflect his theories. These artists include Jean Genet, Jerzy Grotowski, and Peter Brook.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sami Frey", "paragraph_text": "Sami Frey (born Samuel Frei on 13 October 1937) is a French actor of Polish Jewish descent. Among the films he starred in are \"En compagnie d'Antonin Artaud\" (1993), in which he portrays French poet and playwright Antonin Artaud, and \"Bande \u00e0 part\" (1964) by Jean-Luc Godard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Prix Antonin-Artaud", "paragraph_text": "The prix Antonin Artaud was a French literary prize created by Jean Digot and a few poets on 24 May 1951 in Rodez, in memory of Antonin Artaud, and was awarded for the last time in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Antonin Artaud", "paragraph_text": "Antoine Marie Joseph Artaud, better known as Antonin Artaud (] ; 4 September 1896 \u2013 4 March 1948), was a French dramatist, poet, essayist, actor, and theatre director, widely recognized as one of the major figures of twentieth-century theatre and the European avant-garde.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Music and Its Double", "paragraph_text": "Music and Its Double is an album composed by John Zorn and featuring three contemporary compositions which were recorded in New York City in 2011 and Finland in 2012 and released on the Tzadik label in October 2012. The first track dedicated to composer Gy\u00f6rgy Ligeti, \"\u00c0 Rebours\", was recorded at the Miller Theatre by cellist Fred Sherry and ensemble conducted by Brad Lubman. The four movements of \"Ceremonial Magic\" are 2011 studio recordings by David Fulmer and Kenny Wollesen and the final composition, \"La Machine De L'\u00catre\" inspired by Antonin Artaud, was recorded by the Lahti Symphony Orchestra in 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Bureau of Surrealist Research", "paragraph_text": "The Bureau of Surrealist Research, also known as the \"Centrale Surr\u00e9aliste\" or \"Bureau of Surrealist Enquiries\" was a Paris-based office in which a loosely affiliated group of Surrealist writers and artists gathered to meet, hold discussions, and conduct interviews in order to \"gather all the information possible related to forms that might express the unconscious activity of the mind.\" Located at 15 Rue de Grenelle, it opened on October 11, 1924 under the direction of Antonin Artaud, just four days before the publication of the first \"Surrealist Manifesto\" by Andr\u00e9 Breton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jet of Blood", "paragraph_text": "Jet of Blood (Jet de Sang), also known as Spurt of Blood, is an extremely short play by the French theatre practitioner, Antonin Artaud, who was also the founder of the \"Theatre of Cruelty\" movement. \"Jet of Blood\" was completed in Paris, on January 17, 1925, perhaps in its entirety on that day alone. The original title was \"Jet de Sang ou la Boule de Verre\", but the second half of the title was dropped prior to the first publication and production of the work.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a733b835542991f9a20c6b2", "question_text": "Which movie is loosley based off the Brother Grimm's \"Iron Henry\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Frog Prince"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Well of the World's End", "paragraph_text": "The Well of the World's End is an Anglo-Scottish Border fairy tale, recorded in the Scottish Lowlands, collected by Joseph Jacobs in \"English Fairy Tales\". His source was \"The Complaynt of Scotland\",and he notes the tale's similarity to the German \"Frog Prince\". Like that tale, it is Aarne-Thompson type 440, \"The Frog King\" or \"Iron Henry\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "None Shall Escape", "paragraph_text": "None Shall Escape is a 1944 war film. Even though the film was made during the Second World War, the setting is a post-war Nuremberg-style war crimes trial. Alexander Knox plays Wilhelm Grimm, a Nazi officer who is on trial, and the story unfolds through the eyes of several witnesses, including a Catholic priest, Father Warecki (Henry Travers), Grimm's brother Karl (Erik Rolf) and Marja Pacierkowski (Marsha Hunt), a woman to whom he was once engaged.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Castle Waiting", "paragraph_text": "Castle Waiting is an Eisner Award winning graphic novel series created by Linda Medley. It is in a world of fairy tales and mythology featuring a mix of old-fashioned storytelling and more ironic, modern touches. The series brings together characters from several classic fairy tales, such as Simple Simon and Iron Henry, as well as referencing several others such as Jack and the Beanstalk and Sleeping Beauty. The story focuses predominantly on the daily lives of the characters and their interactions with one another, as well as their complicated pasts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jamieson Price", "paragraph_text": "Jamieson Kent Price is an American voice actor, best known for his deep and booming voice for numerous anime and video games. He is known as the voice of Walter Bernhard in \",\" Largo the Black Lion in \"Tales of the Abyss\", Iron Tager from the \"BlazBlue\" series, the Count of Monte Cristo in \"Gankutsuou\", Ovan in \". hack//G.U.\", and Galbalan, the main villain of \"\" and Milton Grimm from \"Ever After High\". Price also had a part in the 2000 movie \"The Patriot\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Parkway Man", "paragraph_text": "The Parkway Man also known as Iron Henry is a statue located on the outskirts of Bowden Housteads Woods in the Handsworth district of Sheffield, England. The statue is visible from the road, and can be seen by people driving on Sheffield Parkway. The statue can also be viewed using public footpaths in the woods.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Brown Bag Films", "paragraph_text": "Brown Bag Films, or Brown Bag, is an Irish-Canadian television animation production studio, based in Dublin, Ireland with a 2D facility based in Manchester, UK. Best known for its character CGI-animated television series' and short films, including the Oscar nominated \"Give Up Yer Aul Sins\" and \"Granny O'Grimm's Sleeping Beauty\". Brown Bag Films was established in 1994 by Cathal Gaffney and Darragh O'Connell and the studio has garnered a number of awards, including Academy Award nominations for \"Give Up Yer Aul Sins\" (Best Animated Short Film 2001) and \"Granny O'Grimm's Sleeping Beauty\" (Best Animated Short Film 2010), six Emmy Award wins for \"Peter Rabbit\", an Emmy award for \"Bing\" and a number of BAFTA, Emmy and Annie nominations for their shows \"Octonauts\", \"Doc McStuffins\" and \"Henry Hugglemonster\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Princess and the Frog", "paragraph_text": "The Princess and the Frog is a 2009 American animated musical film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 49th Disney animated feature film, the film is loosely based on the novel \"The Frog Princess\" by E. D. Baker, which is in turn based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \"The Frog Prince\". Written and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, the film features an ensemble voice cast that stars Anika Noni Rose, Bruno Campos, Keith David, Michael-Leon Wooley, Jennifer Cody, and Jim Cummings, with Peter Bartlett, Jenifer Lewis, Oprah Winfrey, Terrence Howard, and John Goodman. Set in 1920s New Orleans, the film tells the story of a hardworking waitress named Tiana who dreams of owning her own restaurant. After kissing a prince who has been turned into a frog by an evil voodoo sorcerer, Tiana becomes a frog herself and must find a way to turn back into a human before it is too late.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Henry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg", "paragraph_text": "Count Henry II of Holstein-Rendsburg (nickname \"Iron Henry\"; \u20091317 \u2013 \u20091384 ) was count of Holstein-Rendsburg and pledge lord of Southern Schleswig. He ruled jointly with his younger brother, Count Nicholas (d. 1397).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Frog Prince", "paragraph_text": "\"The Frog Prince; or, Iron Henry\" (German: \"Der Froschk\u00f6nig oder der eisen Heinrich\" , literally \"The Frog King; or, The Iron Heinrich\") is a fairy tale, best known through the Brothers Grimm's written version; traditionally it is the first story in their collection.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Henry Grissell", "paragraph_text": "Henry Grissell (4 July 1817 \u2013 31 January 1883), sometimes known as \"Iron Henry\", was an English foundry-man who was responsible for the ironwork in a number of prestigious buildings in England, Russia, Austria, and Egypt.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac4f42b55429924173fb50d", "question_text": "Which beverage is ignited prior to consumption, Flaming beverage or Blue Hawaii", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Flaming beverages"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Blue Hawaii (Elvis Presley album)", "paragraph_text": "Blue Hawaii is the fourteenth album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on RCA Victor Records in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP 2426, on October 20, 1961. It is the soundtrack to the 1961 film of the same name starring Presley. Recording sessions took place at Radio Recorders in Hollywood on March 21, 22, and 23, 1961. In the United States, the album spent 20 weeks at the number one slot and 39 weeks in the Top 10 on \"Billboard\"' s Top Pop LPs chart. It was certified Gold on December 21, 1961, Platinum and 2x Platinum on March 27, 1992 and 3x Platinum on July 30, 2002 by the Recording Industry Association of America. On the US Top Pop Albums chart \"Blue Hawaii\" is second only to the soundtrack of \"West Side Story\" as the most successful album of the 1960s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Blue Hawaii (drink)", "paragraph_text": "The Blue Hawaii is a tropical cocktail made of rum, pineapple juice, Cura\u00e7ao, sweet and sour mix, and sometimes vodka as well. It should not be confused with the similarly named Blue Hawaiian cocktail (also known as the Swimming Pool cocktail) that contains creme of coconut instead of sweet and sour mix.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Alcoholic beverages in Oregon", "paragraph_text": "The U.S. state of Oregon has an extensive history of laws regulating the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, dating back to 1844. It has been an alcoholic beverage control state, with the Oregon Liquor Control Commission holding a monopoly over the sale of all distilled beverages, since Prohibition. Today, there are thriving industries producing beer, wine, and liquor in the state. Alcohol may be purchased between 7 a.m. and 2:30 a.m. As of 2007, consumption of spirits is on the rise, while beer consumption is holding steady. Also, 11% of beer sold in Oregon was brewed in-state, the highest figure in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Till mitt eget Blue Hawaii", "paragraph_text": "\"Till mitt eget Blue Hawaii\" is a song written by Rose-Marie Str\u00e5hle, and recorded by Vikingarna on the 1990 album \"Kramgoa l\u00e5tar 18\". With lyrics about Hawaii, it became a major Svensktoppen hit, staying at the chart for 23 weeks during the period 7 January-13 May 1990, and held first position for the first nine weeks. In October 1989, the song won \"H\u00e4nts melodit\u00e4vling\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Flaming beverage", "paragraph_text": "Flaming beverages include cocktails and other mixed drinks that contain flammable, high-proof alcohol, which is ignited prior to consumption. The alcohol may be an integral part of the drink, or it may be floated as a thin layer across the top of the drink. The flames are mostly for dramatic flair. However, in combination with certain ingredients, the flavor of the drink is altered. Some flavors are enhanced, and it may impart a toasted flavor to some drinks.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Blue on Blue (Bobby Vinton album)", "paragraph_text": "Blue on Blue is Bobby Vinton's sixth studio album, released in 1963. Cover versions include the jazz songs \"St. Louis Blues\" and \"Blueberry Hill\", \"Am I Blue\", \"Blue, Blue Day\", the Fleetwoods' hit \"Mr. Blue\", \"My Blue Heaven\", three show tunes (\"Blue Skies\", \"Blue Hawaii\" and \"Blue Moon\"), and The Clovers Rhythm and blues hit, \"Blue Velvet\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Juice", "paragraph_text": "Juice is a beverage made from the extraction or pressing out of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with these or other biological food sources such as meat and seafood (e.g., clam juice). Juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, such as smoothies. Juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods allowed for its preservation without using fermentation (the approach used with wine production). The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimated the total world production of citrus fruit juices to be 12,840,318 tonnes in 2012. The largest fruit juice consumers are New Zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and Colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). Fruit juice consumption on average increased with country income level. To the American food industry, fruit juice is more profitable than only fruit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Blue Sky Beverage Company", "paragraph_text": "Blue Sky Beverage Company is an all natural beverage company that produces a large selection of natural soft drinks and energy drinks. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Monster Beverage Corporation. The company was established in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1980 where it remained until it was purchased by Monster (then Hansen Beverage) in 2000. Coca-Cola North America took ownership of Blue Sky Sodas, Hansen\u2019s Juice Products, Hansen\u2019s Natural Sodas, Hubert\u2019s Lemonade, Peace Tea and other non-energy drink brands as part of Coke\u2019s partnership with Monster Beverage Corp on Jun 12, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "YF-77", "paragraph_text": "The YF-77 is China's first cryogenic rocket engine developed for booster applications. It burns liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer using a gas generator cycle. A pair of these engines will power the LM-5 core stage. Each engine can independently gimbal in two planes. Although the YF-77 is ignited prior to liftoff, the LM-5's four strap-on boosters will provide most of the initial thrust in an arrangement similar to the European Vulcain on the Ariane 5 or the Japanese LE-7 on the H-II. Like the Vulcain, the YF-77 uses the less efficient gas generator cycle and even for that application it has less performance than the European engine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Alcohol laws of India", "paragraph_text": "The legal drinking age in India and the laws which regulate the sale and consumption of alcohol vary significantly from state to state. In India, consumption of alcohol is prohibited in the states of Gujarat, Bihar and Nagaland as well as the union territory of Lakshadweep. There is a partial ban on alcohol in some districts of Manipur. All other Indian states permit alcohol consumption but fix a legal drinking age, which ranges at different ages per region. In some states, the legal drinking age can be different for different types of alcoholic beverage.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac173d85542994d76dcce37", "question_text": "Toby Scott worked with which American singer born on May 24, 1941?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Bob Dylan"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Carol Sloane", "paragraph_text": "Carol Sloane (born March 5, 1937) is an American jazz singer born in Providence, Rhode Island, who has been singing professionally since she was 14, although for a time in the 1970s she worked as a legal secretary in Raleigh, North Carolina. In addition, between September 1967 and May 1968, she occasionally wrote album reviews for \"Down Beat\". She currently lives in Stoneham, Massachusetts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Douglas D. Scott", "paragraph_text": "Douglas D. Scott is an American archaeologist most notable for his work at the Little Bighorn in the mid-1980s. Working with Richard Fox, Melissa Connor, Doug Harmon, and staff and volunteers from the National Park Service, Scott worked to sketch out a field methodology that has enabled archaeologists to systematically investigate battlefields. This work is internationally recognized as constituting a great step forward in our ability to interpret battlefields archaeologically, regardless of the extent of the historical record. At the Little Bighorn, the fieldwork produced an interpretation of the battle that for the first time gave a clear understanding of the way the battle developed and pointed out some of the glaring inaccuracies of the historiography of the event. The fieldwork also helped determine which of the 242 headstones to the 210 U.S. soldiers lost at the Little Bighorn were erroneous, and recovered skeletal elements allowed one of the soldiers to be positively identified. It was not as successful in recovering the remains of 24 men lost in Deep Ravine and whose whereabouts are unknown to this day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sylvester Antolak", "paragraph_text": "Sylvester Antolak (September 10, 1916 St. Clairsville, Ohio \u2013 May 24, 1944 Cisterna di Littoria, Italy) was a United States Army Sergeant who posthumously received the Medal of Honor for actions on May 24, 1944. Sergeant Antolak was an American of Polish descent. He joined the army from his hometown in July 1941.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Meredith D'Ambrosio", "paragraph_text": "Meredith D'Ambrosio (born 1941) is an American jazz singer born in Boston, Massachusetts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Toby Scott", "paragraph_text": "Toby Scott (not to be confused with Los Angeles rapper Toby Scott Ganger) is a music recording engineer, mixer and record producer. Scott has worked extensively with Bruce Springsteen, recording and mixing albums for the singer since 1978. Scott has also worked with other prominent artists such as Bob Dylan, Bette Midler, The Manhattan Transfer, Booker T and the MGs, Tommy Tutone, Steve Van Zandt, Robert Palmer, Blue \u00d6yster Cult, and The Replacements. Additionally, he has recorded and mixed projects for commercials, movies, and television.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Laura Turner (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Laura Turner is an American singer born in Houston, Texas. She came to public notice following the release of her album \"Soul Deep\" on Curb Records in 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dimash Kudaibergen", "paragraph_text": "Dinmukhamed Kanatuly Kudaibergen () is a Kazakh singer born on May 24, 1994 in Aktobe, Kazakhstan. Dimash's parents Kanat Kudaibergenovich and Svetlana Aitbayeva are honored music artists of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dimash is a tenor altino. He was the 2015 Grand Prix winner of the Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk In the same year, he was named the \"Nation's Favorite\" (kazakh. \" \u0425\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u0441\u04af\u0439\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0441\u0456\"), participant of the international festival \"ABU TV song\" in Istanbul, Turkey, and awarded with the Certificate of Honor of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan for an important contribution into strengthening the unity of the people in Kazakhstan. He placed second in \"Singer 2017\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Leah Ray", "paragraph_text": "Leah Ray Hubbard Werblin (February 16, 1915 \u2013 May 27, 1999) was an American singer born in Norfolk, Virginia who performed in the Big Band era and who sang and acted in more than a dozen motion pictures.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Chris Medina", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Edward Medina (born November 30, 1983) is an American singer born in Chicago, Illinois. In late 2010 he auditioned for \"American Idol\" making it to the top 40 before being eliminated. He is most famous for his hit \"What Are Words\", which reached number 1 in Sweden and Norway; it also charted in Denmark and made it to number 83 on Billboard Hot 100.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Bob Dylan", "paragraph_text": "Bob Dylan ( ; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, painter, and writer. He has been influential in popular music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\", which became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single \"Like a Rolling Stone\", recorded in 1965, enlarged the range of popular music.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a823b355542990a1d231f6e", "question_text": "Orson Scott Card first published his short story \"Killing Children\" in this American science-fiction magazine whose first issue was published when?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1930"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Tinker", "paragraph_text": "\"The Tinker\" is a short story by Orson Scott Card. It appears in his short story collection \"The Worthing Saga\". Card first published \"The Tinker\" in the Vol. 1, No. 2 (1980) issue of \"Eternity SF\" magazine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "A Thousand Deaths (Card short story)", "paragraph_text": "\"A Thousand Deaths\" is a short story by Orson Scott Card. It appears in his short story collections \"Capitol\" and \"Maps in a Mirror\". Card first published it in the December 1978 issue of \"Omni\" magazine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Unaccompanied Sonata", "paragraph_text": "\"Unaccompanied Sonata\" is a short story by American writer Orson Scott Card, first published in the March, 1979 issue of \"Omni\" magazine. It appears in his short story collections \"Unaccompanied Sonata and Other Stories\" and \"Maps in a Mirror\". It was nominated in 1979 for the Nebula Award for Best Short Story and in 1980 for the Hugo Award for Best Short Story.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Breaking the Game", "paragraph_text": "\"Breaking the Game\" is a short story by American writer Orson Scott Card. It appears in his short story collections \"Capitol\" and \"The Worthing Saga\". Card first published it in the January 1979 issue of \"Analog Science Fiction and Fact\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Lifeloop", "paragraph_text": "\"Lifeloop\" is a short story by Orson Scott Card. It appears in his short story collections \"Capitol\" and \"The Worthing Saga\". Card first published it in the October 1978 issue of \"Analog Science Fiction and Fact\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Killing Children", "paragraph_text": "\"Killing Children\" is a short story by Orson Scott Card. It appears in his short story collections \"Capitol\" and \"The Worthing Saga\". Card first published it in the November 1978 issue of \"Analog Science Fiction and Fact\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Gert Fram", "paragraph_text": "\"Gert Fram\" is the first short story that was published by American author Orson Scott Card. It appears in his short story collection \"Maps in a Mirror\", but it originally appeared in the July 1977 fine arts issue of \"Ensign\" magazine under the pen name Byron Walley. It is Card's first published work.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Second Chance (short story)", "paragraph_text": "\"Second Chance\" is a short story by Orson Scott Card. It appears in his short story collections \"Capitol\" and \"The Worthing Saga\". Card first published it in the anthology \"Destinies\" (January\u2013February 1979).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Analog Science Fiction and Fact", "paragraph_text": "Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American science-fiction magazine published under various titles since 1930. Originally titled Astounding \"Stories of Super-Science\", the first issue was dated January 1930, published by William Clayton, and edited by Harry Bates. Clayton went bankrupt in 1933 and the magazine was sold to Street & Smith. The new editor was F. Orlin Tremaine, who soon made \"Astounding\" the leading magazine in the nascent pulp science fiction field, publishing well-regarded stories such as Jack Williamson's \"Legion of Space\" and John W. Campbell's \"Twilight\". At the end of 1937, Campbell took over editorial duties under Tremaine's supervision, and the following year Tremaine was let go, giving Campbell more independence. Over the next few years Campbell published many stories that became classics in the field, including Isaac Asimov's \"Foundation\" series, A.E. van Vogt's \"Slan\", and several novels and stories by Robert A. Heinlein. The period beginning with Campbell's editorship is often referred to as the Golden Age of Science Fiction.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "List of Ender's Game series short stories", "paragraph_text": "There are various sources for short stories set in the Ender's Game series. One is the short story collection \"First Meetings\" by Orson Scott Card. This collection contains the original novelette \"Ender's Game\" plus three other stories. Another source is Card\u2019s webzine \"InterGalactic Medicine Show\". The first four stories from Card's webzine: \"Mazer in Prison,\" \"Pretty Boy,\" \"Cheater,\" and \"A Young Man with Prospects,\" also appear in the paperback anthology \"Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show\". Reprints of short stories in the Ender's Game series can be found in other science fiction anthologies.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac3ae885542995ef918c1e7", "question_text": "Church of All Saints, Doddinghurst is part of the state church led by which person?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Archbishop of Canterbury"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Religion in Iceland", "paragraph_text": "Religion in Iceland was initially the Norse paganism that was a common belief among mediaeval Scandinavians who started settling Iceland in the 9th century AD, until Christian conversion around 1000 AD, though paganism did not vanish then. Starting in the 1530s, Iceland, originally  Catholic and under the Danish crown, formally became Lutheran under the Icelandic Reformation, which culminated in 1550. As such, Iceland has a state Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland, and religious freedom has been a legal right since 1874. The state church is supported by the government, but all registered religions received support from a church tax paid by taxpayers over the age of 16 years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "M\u00f8llevang Church", "paragraph_text": "M\u00f8llevang Church (Danish: \"M\u00f8llevangskirken\" ) is a church in Aarhus, Denmark. The church is situated in the Fuglebakken neighborhood on the street Fuglesangs Alle, north of Ring 1, in Western Aarhus. M\u00f8llevang Church is a part of the Church of Denmark, the Danish state church, and is the parish church of M\u00f8llevang Parish. The church serves some 9000 parishioners and holds weekly sermons as well as weddings, burials and baptisms.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of bishops of Hamburg", "paragraph_text": "This list of bishops, seniors, and superintendents of Hamburg records the spiritual heads of the Lutheran church in Hamburg. Originally the Lutheran church in Hamburg formed a state church established by Johannes Bugenhagen's church order on 15 May 1529, after most of Hamburg's burghers had adopted Lutheranism before. As state church it was governed in administrative matters by the Senate of Hamburg (city government) and the , according to the law named the Long Recess of 1529. At first the church order provided for superintendents as spiritual leaders. Since 1593 the spiritual leadership was wielded by a collegial body, the Spiritual Ministerium, with a senior elected by its members, the ministers (pastors) of the parishes. Separation of Church and State started in 1860, with the last privileges of state patronage waived in 1919. The new church order of 1923 enfranchised the synodals to elect one of the five \"Hauptpastoren\" (i.e. principal or head pastors) at the quintet of (principal or head churches) as senior.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Church of All Saints, Doddinghurst", "paragraph_text": "The Church of All Saints is a Church of England parish church in Doddinghurst, Essex. The church is a Grade I listed building.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wooddale Church", "paragraph_text": "Wooddale Church is a large multi-campus evangelical Christian church located in Eden Prairie, Minnesota and Edina, Minnesota. The success of Wooddale Church led to the formation of many other similar churches in Minnesota. Today, Wooddale Church is affiliated with the Converge formerly the Baptist General Conference as well as the Conservative Congregational Christian Conference.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sarah Granger Kimball", "paragraph_text": "Sarah Melissa Granger Kimball (December 29, 1818 \u2013 December 1, 1898) was a 19th-century Mormon advocate for women's rights and early leader in the Relief Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Kimball's involvement in the Church led to the establishment of the women's Relief Society as well as participation in the national suffrage movement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lyseng Church", "paragraph_text": "Lyseng Church (Danish: \"Lyseng Kirke\" ) is a church in Aarhus, Denmark. The church is situated in the H\u00f8jbjerg neighborhood in on Bush\u00f8jvej by Ring 2 in the southern suburbs of Aarhus. Lyseng Church is a part of the Church of Denmark, the Danish state church, and is a shared secondary church to Holme Parish and Sk\u00e5de Parish, officially under Holme pastorate along with Holme Church.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "St. Luke's Church, Aarhus", "paragraph_text": "St. Lukas Church (Danish: \"Skt. Lukas Kirke\" ) is a church in Aarhus, Denmark. The church is situated in the Frederiksbjerg neighbourhood on Skt. Lucas Kirkeplads by Ingerslevs Boulevard. St. Lukas Church is a parish church under the Church of Denmark, the Danish state church, under the Diocese of Aarhus. It is the parish church of St. Lukas Parish which has some 11.000 parish members. The church was designed by architects Anton Frederiksen and Kaj Gottlob in neoclassical style with a 35 meters tall tower. It was constructed between 1921 and 1926 but the crypt under the church, with room for 200 graves, was opened before the church itself, in 1923.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany", "paragraph_text": "Catholic resistance to Nazism was a component of German resistance to Nazism and of Resistance during World War II. The Church in Germany opposed the rise of Nazism, but attempted compromise when Hitler won power. From the outset of Nazi rule in 1933, issues emerged which brought the Church into conflict with the regime and persecution of the Church led Pope Pius XI to denounce the policies of the Nazi Government in the 1937 papal encyclical \"Mit brennender Sorge\". His successor Pius XII faced the war years and provided intelligence to the Allies. Though Catholics fought on both sides in World War II and neither the Catholic nor Protestent churches as institutions were prepared to openly oppose the Nazi State, the churches provided the earliest and most enduring centres of systematic opposition to Nazi policies, and Christian morality and Nazi anti-Church policies motivated many German resistors and provided moral impetus for individuals in their efforts to overthrow Hitler.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Church of England", "paragraph_text": "The Church of England (C of E) is the state church of England. The Archbishop of Canterbury (currently Justin Welby) is the most senior cleric, although the monarch is the supreme governor. The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century, and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8900c75542997e5c09a6ed", "question_text": "What ingredient is in both Cosmopolitan and Cuba Libre?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["lime"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Celts and Cobras", "paragraph_text": "Celts and Cobras is the second and final studio album from the Scottish Neo-Rockabilly group The Shakin' Pyramids (billed on the album cover as \"Shakin' Pyramids\"), released in 1982 by Cuba Libre, a subsidiary of Virgin Records. \"Just a Memory\" and \"Pharaoh's Chant\" were released as singles from the album. It was not as warmly received as the group's debut album, \"Skin 'Em Up\", and they disbanded shortly after its release.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2016 Rouen fire", "paragraph_text": "On 6 August 2016, 14 youths were killed in a fire at the Cuba Libre bar in Rouen, France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Dreaming of Julia", "paragraph_text": "Dreaming of Julia (\"Cuba Libre\") is a 2003 film directed by Juan Gerard. The debut film by the director, the story is based on Gerard's childhood life in Cuba. The film was released as Cuban Blood in the US.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Liquorice stick (cocktail)", "paragraph_text": "Liquorice Stick ( ) or alternatively spelled Licorice Stick, also known as a \"Regaliz,\" is a highball (cocktail) made of cola, anisette or absinthe, and black licorice as a garnish. It originated in Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal where it was called a \"pauzinho de alca\u00e7uz\" as an alternative to the rum and cola drink called a \"cuba libre\". In Spain it is called a \"palito de orozuz\". It was introduced into the U.S. through the Portuguese communities in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Cosmopolitan (cocktail)", "paragraph_text": "A cosmopolitan, or informally a cosmo, is a cocktail made with vodka, triple sec, cranberry juice, and freshly squeezed or sweetened lime juice.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Camp Cuba Libre", "paragraph_text": "Camp Cuba Libre was a rallying point for American forces during the Spanish\u2013American War. Established near Jacksonville, Florida, in May 1898, it was constructed after forces assembling in Tampa became too crowded, and was the rallying point for Maj. General Fitzhugh Lee's Seventh Corps.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Cuba Libre", "paragraph_text": "The Cuba Libre ( ; ] , \"Free Cuba\") is a caffeinated alcoholic cocktail made of cola, lime, and dark or light rum. This cocktail is often referred to as a Rum and Coke in the United States, Canada, the UK, Ireland, India, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand where the lime juice may or may not be included.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Cuba Libre (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Cuba Libre\" (\"Free Cuba\") is a song by Gloria Estefan, released as the third single from her eighth studio album, \"Gloria! \".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Matthew Levin (chef)", "paragraph_text": "Matthew Levin is an American celebrity chef based in Philadelphia. He was the executive chef at Lacroix in the famed Rittenhouse Hotel until December 9, 2008. From 2010 to July 24, 2011, he was the chef at Adsum, a Queen Village bistro where he gained notoriety for dishes including Tastykake sliders and his Four Loco dinner. In March 2012, along with Cuba Libre owners Barry Gutin and Larry Cohen, he will take over as chef and co-owner of Square Peg, at the former location of Marathon Grill at 10th and Walnut St.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Cuba libre (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "A Cuba Libre is a cocktail made of cola, lime and rum.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a86038455429960ec39b600", "question_text": "The winner of the the London Riders' Championship in 1953 scored how many points in the 1952 Individual Speedway World Championship?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["14"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "1936 Individual Speedway World Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 1936 Individual Speedway World Championship was the first ever Speedway World Championship and was won by Lionel Van Praag of Australia. It was the first of a record 26 times that London's Wembley Stadium would host the World Final with the last being in 1981.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Brian Andersen", "paragraph_text": "Brian Andersen (born March 13, 1971) is a Danish international motorcycle speedway rider who rode in Speedway Grand Prix between 1997 and 2001 and 2001 Speedway World Cup. Andersen won Individual Speedway Danish Championship in 1995 and 1999. He won 1991 Individual Speedway Junior World Championship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jack Young (speedway rider)", "paragraph_text": "Jack Ellis Young (31 January 1925 in Adelaide, South Australia \u2013 28 August 1987 in Adelaide) was a Motorcycle speedway rider who won the Speedway World Championship in 1951 and 1952. He also won the London Riders' Championship 1953 and 1954 and was a nine time South Australian Champion between 1948 and 1964.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1989 Individual Speedway World Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 1989 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 45th Speedway World Championship held since it was first held in 1936. It was the second time the championship was held in West Germany after previously being held in Norden in 1983.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2010 Individual Speedway Polish Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Individual Speedway Polish Championship (Polish: \"Indywidualne Mistrzostwa Polski, IMP\" ) was the 2010 version of Individual Speedway Polish Championship organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM). The Championship was won by Janusz Ko\u0142odziej, who beat Krzysztof Kasprzak in the Run-off. Third was Rafa\u0142 Dobrucki. Ko\u0142odziej, who won 2009 (host in 2010), 2010 Golden Helmet and 2010 Speedway World Cup was award nomination to the 2011 Speedway Grand Prix. The defending Champion, Tomasz Gollob, who was a 2010 Speedway Grand Prix leader, resigned from the IMP Final.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1952 Individual Speedway World Championship", "paragraph_text": "Australian rider Jack Young became the first ever dual winner (and the first to win two in a row) when he won his second straight World Championship after scoring 14 points. Second was Welshman Freddie Williams on 13 points, with Britain's Bob Oakley third on 12 points.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "2010 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Individual Speedway World Championship Grand Prix Qualification were a series of motorcycle speedway meetings used to determine the three riders who qualified for the 2010 Speedway Grand Prix. The top eight riders finishing the 2009 Grand Prix series automatically qualified for 2010. The final round of qualification \u2013 the Grand Prix Challenge \u2013 took place on 18 September 2009, in Coventry, England. The Grand Prix Challenge was won by Magnus Zetterstr\u00f6m who finished ahead of Chris Holder and former Grand Prix rider Jaros\u0142aw Hampel. All three riders qualified for the 2010 Grand Prix.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "British Speedway Championship", "paragraph_text": "The British Speedway Championship. is an annual motorcycle speedway competition open to British national speedway riders. The winner of the event becomes the British Speedway Champion. It has been open in the past to riders from British dominions and was dominated in its early years by riders from New Zealand such as Barry Briggs and Ivan Mauger this was due to the fact that the British Final formed part of the World Individual Speedway championship qualifying rounds. From 1975 onwards Australia and New Zealand held their own World Individual Speedway championship qualifying rounds. In the first dozen finals, it was only won twice by a British born rider, both times by Peter Craven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Speedway World Championship Competitions", "paragraph_text": "There are annual world championship events in the sport of motorcycle speedway for individual riders - the Speedway Grand Prix - and for national teams - the Speedway World Cup. Each has a counterpart for riders under 21: the Speedway World Under 21 Championship and the Team Speedway Junior World Championship. A pairs event, the Speedway World Pairs Championship, ran until 1993.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kurt Hansen (speedway rider)", "paragraph_text": "Kurt Hansen is a speedway rider. He was in 1984 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship, 1985 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship and 1993 Individual Speedway World Championship.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae2b83c5542992decbdcd7f", "question_text": "Typically how many pages were in the fiction magazine in which Robert E. Howard wrote in 1930s?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["128 pages"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Cormac Fitzgeoffrey", "paragraph_text": "Cormac Fitzgeoffrey is a fictional character created by Robert E. Howard. He is a half-Norman, half-Gael taking part in the Third Crusade. Howard wrote two short stories featuring the character and a synopsis that was later completed by another author. Although Howard was most famous for his fantasy fiction, especially Conan the Barbarian, the Cormac stories have a purely historical setting, albeit one with a heroic theme.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Robert E. Howard bibliography (poems P\u2013Z)", "paragraph_text": "A list of poems by Robert E. Howard (1906\u20131936), an American writer and poet in early 20th century Texas. His love of poetry came from being read to by his mother at a young age. However, his attempts to make a living by poetry were unsuccessful and he is today most remembered for his short stories and fiction. Nevertheless, Howard wrote hundreds of poems; many were published within his lifetime and the others published after his 1936 suicide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Nameless Cults (short story collection)", "paragraph_text": "Nameless Cults: The Cthulhu Mythos Fiction of Robert E. Howard is a collection of Cthulhu Mythos short stories by Robert E. Howard. It was first published in the US in 2001 by Chaosium Press. All of these stories had been published previously, between 1929 and 1985, in \"Weird Tales\", \"From Beyond the Dark Gateway\", \"Strange Tales\", \"Weirdbook\", \"Fantasy Crosswinds\", \"Coven\", \"Fantasy Book\", \"Dark Things\", and \"The Fantasy Magazine\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Harlan Howard", "paragraph_text": "Harlan Perry Howard (September 8, 1927 \u2013 March 3, 2002) was an American songwriter, principally in country music. In a career spanning six decades, Howard wrote a large number of popular and enduring songs, recorded by a variety of different artists. Howard was married to country singer Jan Howard. He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1973, and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1997.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Pulp magazine", "paragraph_text": "Pulp magazines or Pulp Fiction (often referred to as \"the pulps\") were inexpensive fiction magazines that were published from 1896 to the 1950s. The term \"pulp\" derives from the cheap wood pulp paper on which the magazines were printed. In contrast, magazines printed on higher quality paper were called \"glossies\" or \"slicks\". The typical pulp magazine had 128 pages; it was 7 in wide by 10 in high, and 0.5 inch thick, with ragged, untrimmed edges.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Vargo Statten Science Fiction Magazine", "paragraph_text": "Vargo Statten Science Fiction Magazine (later Vargo Statten British Science Fiction Magazine, The British Science Fiction Magazine and The British Space Fiction Magazine) was a British science fiction magazine which published nineteen issues between 1954 and 1956. It was initially published by Scion Press, with control passing to a successor company, Scion Distributors, after Scion went bankrupt in early 1954. At the end of 1954, as part payment for a debt, Scion Distributors handed control of the magazine to Dragon Press, who continued it for another twelve issues. E.C. Tubb and John Russell Fearn were regular contributors, and Kenneth Bulmer also published several stories in the magazine. Barrington Bayley's first published story, \"Combat's End\", appeared in May 1954. The editor was initially Alistair Paterson, but after seven issues Fearn took the helm: \"Vargo Statten\" was one of Fearn's aliases, and the magazine's title had been chosen because of his popularity. Neither Paterson nor Fearn had enough of a budget to attract good quality submissions, and a printing strike in 1956 brought an end to the magazine's life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film)", "paragraph_text": "Conan the Barbarian is a 1982 American fantasy adventure film directed and co-written by John Milius. It is based on stories by Robert E. Howard, a pulp fiction writer of the 1930s, about the adventures of the eponymous character in a fictional pre-historic world of dark magic and savagery. The film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and James Earl Jones, and tells the story of a young barbarian (Schwarzenegger) who seeks vengeance for the death of his parents at the hands of Thulsa Doom (Jones), the leader of a snake cult. Buzz Feitshans and Raffaella De Laurentiis produced the film for her father Dino De Laurentiis, with Edward R. Pressman as an executive producer. Basil Poledouris composed the music.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Fantasy fiction magazine", "paragraph_text": "A fantasy fiction magazine or fantasy magazine is a magazine which publishes primarily fantasy fiction. Not generally included in the category are magazines for children with stories about such characters as Santa Claus. Also not included are adult magazines about sexual fantasy. Many fantasy magazines, in addition to fiction, have other features such as art, cartoons, reviews, or letters from readers. Some fantasy magazines also publish science fiction and horror fiction, so that here is not always a clear distinction between a fantasy magazine and a science fiction magazine. For example, \"Fantastic\" magazine published almost exclusively science fiction for much of its run.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac2bcf55542990b17b1546e", "question_text": "In 2009 the OCA announced major changes to it event lists, and in what city did this multi-sport event take place?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["New Delhi, India"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "1951 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "The 1951 Asian Games, officially known as the First Asian Games, was a multi-sport event celebrated in New Delhi, India from 4 to 11 March 1951. The Games received names like First Asiad and 1951 Asiad. A total of 489 athletes representing 11 Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in 57 events from eight sports and discipline. The Games was the successor of the Far Eastern Games and the revival of the Western Asiatic Games. The 1951 Asiad were originally scheduled to be held in 1950, but postponed until 1951 due to delays in preparations. On 13 February 1949, the Asian Games Federation was formally established in Delhi, with Delhi unanimously announced as the first host city of the Asian Games. <br> The games were managed by a strong Organising Committee (see Organisation below). <br> Countries invited included almost all the independent Asian countries of the time except Soviet Union and Vietnam, due to the political structure of those nations.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of multi-sport events", "paragraph_text": "A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports between organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. Events are typically held over a few days to accommodate the large number of events held, often more than those in single-sport competitions. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the modern Olympic Games. Some of the most recognised sporting events in the world today are multi-sport events \u2014 the World Games, the Commonwealth Games, the Pan American Games and the Mediterranean Games \u2014 among others. This article lists all major multi-sport events, whether defunct or functioning, in the modern day. A full listing of all major multi-sport events is provided in the table below.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "The Asian Games, also known as Asiad, is a Pancontinental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The Games were regulated by the Asian Games Federation (AGF) from the first Games in New Delhi, India, until the 1978 Games. Since the 1982 Games they have been organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), after the breakup of the Asian Games Federation. The Games are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Olympic Games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Asian Youth Games", "paragraph_text": "The Asian Youth Games, also known as AYG,is a multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The Games have been organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). The Games are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Asian Games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2002 Asian Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 2002 Asian Games (officially known as the 14th Asian Games) was a multi-sport event held in Busan, South Korea from September 29 to October 14, 2002. Busan was the second South Korean city to host the Games, after Seoul in 1986. A total of 6,572 athletes\u20144,605 men and 1,967 women\u2014from 44 Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in 38 sports divided into 419 events. The number of competing athletes was higher than the 1998 Asian Games, in which 6,544 athletes from 41 NOCs participated. It was the first time in the history of the Asian Games that all 44 member nations of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) participated in the Games. Afghanistan returned after the fall of the Taliban government in the midst of ongoing war; East Timor, newest member of the OCA made its debut; and North Korea competed for the first time in an international sporting event hosted by South Korea. Both nations marched together at the opening ceremony with a Korean Unification Flag depicting the Korean Peninsula as United Korea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Asian Martial Arts Games", "paragraph_text": "The Asian Martial Arts Games, also known as AMG,is a Pancontinental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia, after the merger of the Asian Indoor Games and the Asian Martial Arts Games. The Games have been organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). The Games are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Asian Games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Asian Games sports", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of sports played in the Asian Games and other major affiliated games organised by the Olympic Council of Asia. On 29 June 2009, the OCA announced major changes to the event lists in the five major events, in particular aiming to restrict each sport to be played in not more than one event, although exemptions may be made. The first round of changes commenced with the 2014 Asian Games when the number of events was recommended to be restricted to 35 with 28 Olympic sports and up to a maximum of seven non-Olympic sports. Some events currently in the Asian Games programme may henceforth be relegated to the newly formed Asian Indoor-Martial Arts Games which was first held in 2013 or to the Asian Beach Games.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games", "paragraph_text": "The Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games, also known as AIMAG, is a pancontinental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia, after the merger of the Asian Indoor Games and the Asian Martial Arts Games. The Games have been organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). The Games are described as the second largest Asian multi-sport event after the Asian Games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Asian Beach Games", "paragraph_text": "The Asian Beach Games, also known as ABG,is a multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The Games have been organized by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). The Games are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Asian Games and the popularity is increasing well, due to low cost of temporary venues, and sand & sea are already available in its place, while the spectators/tourists are also already available in sand & sea tourist areas. Which the first Asian Beach Games has been held in Bali Island.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Laos at the 2010 Asian Beach Games", "paragraph_text": "Laos The 2010 Asian Games, also known as the XVI Asiad, was a multi-sport event celebrated in Guangzhou, China from November 12 to 27, 2010. Guangzhou was the second Chinese city to host the Games, after Beijing in 1990. A total of 9,704 athletes from 45 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 476 events from 42 sports and disciplines (28 Olympic sports and 14 non-Olympic sports), making it the largest event in the history of the Games. It was also the last edition of the Games to have featured such a large amount of events, as the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) have enforced new hosting rules for future Games, beginning with the 2014 Games, scheduled to take place in Incheon, South Korea with 36 sports and disciplines set to feature.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae82c3d55429952e35eaa75", "question_text": "This high school located in the Bronzeville neighborhood was named after a settler who was arrested by who?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the British military"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Cleveland School of the Arts", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland School of the Arts is a public high school located in the St.Clair neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. It is a magnet school and part of the Cleveland Metropolitan School District. Opened in 1981, Cleveland School of the Arts is a public high school located in the St. Clair neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio; it is a magnet school, part of the Cleveland Metropolitan School District. Cleveland School of the Arts consists of two locations: the Lower Campus, located at 2501 East 61st Street, is for students from kindergarten through 5th grade, and the Upper Campus is for students from 6th through 12th grades.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Wendell Phillips Academy High School", "paragraph_text": "Wendell Phillips Academy High School is a public 4\u2013year high school located in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Phillips is part of the Chicago Public Schools district and is managed by the Academy for Urban School Leadership. It is named for the noted American abolitionist Wendell Phillips. It was the first predominantly African-American high school in Chicago. The school opened in 1904. In 2010, Phillips became a \"turnaround\" school in an effort to lower the school's one\u2013year dropout rate of 66.8 percent. The school received the Spotlight on Technology award from the Chicago Public Schools leadership technology summit in 2013. The school's attendance boundary includes areas of the South Side, Chinatown, and portions of the Chicago Loop.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chicago Military Academy", "paragraph_text": "Chicago Military Academy-Bronzeville is a public 4-year military high school located in the Bronzeville neighborhood located on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, in a building known as the Eighth Regiment Armory. The Academy includes a mandatory Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) instructional component in addition to a four-year college preparatory curriculum.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jack Ryan (politician)", "paragraph_text": "John Clemens \"Jack\" Ryan (born October 6, 1959) is a former investment banker and American politician who was a candidate in the 2004 U.S. Senate race in Illinois. In 2000, he retired as an active partner at Goldman Sachs to teach at Hales Franciscan High School, a private, 4-year Roman Catholic high school located in the Bronzeville neighborhood of Chicago.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "DuSable High School", "paragraph_text": "Jean Baptiste Point DuSable High School was a public 4\u2013year high school located in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. DuSable was operated by the Chicago Public Schools district. The school was named after Chicago's first permanent non-native settler, Jean Baptiste Point Du Sable. Constructed between 1931\u201334, DuSable opened in February 1935. Since 2005, The school building serves as home to two smaller schools; the Bronzeville Scholastic Institute and the Daniel Hale Williams Preparatory School of Medicine. Both of the schools use the DuSable name in an athletics context. The DuSable Leadership Academy was housed at the location until it closed after the 2015\u201316 school year. The school building was designated a Chicago Landmark on May 1, 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Merkel High School", "paragraph_text": "Merkel High School is a public high school located in Merkel, Texas, United States and classified as a 3A school by the UIL. It is part of the Merkel Independent School District. The high school serves approximately 330 students from areas on the Northwestern part of Taylor County. Generally students from the area come from either Merkel, Tye, or Trent. A small portion of southwestern Jones County lies within the district also. The district and the school are both named after the Baylor Merkel, the first settler in the area. In 2016, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jonathan Alder High School", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Alder High School is an NCA accredited public high school located in Plain City, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Jonathan Alder Local School District. The school, as well as the district, are named after Jonathan Alder, the first white settler in Madison County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hales Franciscan High School", "paragraph_text": "Hales Franciscan High School (known simply as Hales) is a private 4-year Roman Catholic high school located in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Walton High School (Bronx)", "paragraph_text": "Walton High School was a public 4\u2013year high school located in the Kingsbridge neighborhood of the Bronx borough in New York. Originally an all-girl institution, Walton became co\u2013educational in 1977. Walton, Bayside High School, Samuel J. Tilden High School, Abraham Lincoln High School, John Adams High School, Andrew Jackson High School, and Grover Cleveland High School were all built during the Great Depression from one set of blueprints, to save money.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jean Baptiste Point du Sable", "paragraph_text": "Jean Baptiste Point du Sable (or Point de Sable, Point au Sable, Point Sable, Pointe DuSable) (before 1750 \u2013 August 28, 1818) is regarded as the first permanent resident of what became Chicago, Illinois. Little is known of his life prior to the 1770s. In 1779, he was living on the site of present-day Michigan City, Indiana, when he was arrested by the British military on suspicion of being an American sympathizer in the American Revolutionary War. In the early 1780s he worked for the British lieutenant-governor of Michilimackinac on an estate at what is now the city of St. Clair, Michigan, before moving to settle at the mouth of the Chicago River. He is first recorded living in Chicago in early 1790, having apparently become established sometime earlier. He sold his property in Chicago in 1800 and moved to St. Charles, Missouri, where he died in 1818.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5aba943c554299232ef4a33e", "question_text": "Are Florida Atlantic University and Cleveland State University both colleges in the US?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Florida Atlantic University", "paragraph_text": "Florida Atlantic University (also referred to as FAU or Florida Atlantic) is a public university located in Boca Raton, Florida, with five satellite campuses located in the Florida cities of Dania Beach, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, Jupiter, and in Fort Pierce at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. FAU belongs to the 12-campus State University System of Florida and serves South Florida, which has a population of more than five million people and spans more than 100\u00a0miles (160\u00a0km) of coastline. Florida Atlantic University is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a research university with high research activity. The university offers more than 180 undergraduate and graduate degree programs within its 10 colleges in addition to a professional degree from the College of Medicine. Programs of study cover arts and humanities, the sciences, medicine, nursing, accounting, business, education, public administration, social work, architecture, engineering, and computer science.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2010 Florida Atlantic Owls football team", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Florida Atlantic University Owls football team represented Florida Atlantic University in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Howard Schnellenberger and played their home games at Lockhart Stadium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. This was the tenth season of intercollegiate football at Florida Atlantic University and was its fifth season of competition in the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 4\u20138, 3\u20135 in Sun Belt play.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Cleveland State University Poetry Center", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland State University Poetry Center is a literary small press and poetry outreach organization in Cleveland, Ohio, operated under the auspices of the English Department at Cleveland State University. It publishes original works of poetry by contemporary writers, though it also publishes novella, essay collections, and occasional works of criticism or translated poetry collections. It was founded in 1962 by poet Lewis Turco at what was then Fenn College, attained its present name two years later when Fenn College was absorbed into the newly founded Cleveland State University, and began publishing books in 1971. From 2007 to 2012 its Director and Series Editor was poet and professor Michael Dumanis. From 2014, its Director and Series Editor is the poet and professor Caryl Pagel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ken McFadden", "paragraph_text": "Ken \"Mouse\" McFadden is a former basketball player. He graduated from Seward Park High School in New York. He played at Cleveland State University from 1985\u20131989. He helped lead Cleveland State to three postseason appearances and a trip to the Sweet Sixteen. His number 10 is one of only two numbers to have been retired by Cleveland State, the other being Franklin Edwards's number 14. He scored 2,256 points for the Vikings from 1985 to 1989, which is still the Cleveland State record for career points scored. He also played in the CBA and USBL. He then went to work for Cleveland State's athletic department before being fired for accusing associate athletic director Chris Sedlock of writing numerous papers for basketball players.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Cleveland State Vikings women's basketball", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland State Vikings women's basketball team represents Cleveland State University in women's basketball. They are a member of the Horizon League (1994\u2013present). The Cleveland State women's basketball team was formerly in the North Star Conference (1988\u20131992) and Mid-Continent Conference (1992\u20131994). Prior to 1988 the Cleveland State women's basketball team was not affiliated with any conference.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cleveland State Vikings baseball", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland State Vikings baseball team represented Cleveland State University in the sport of baseball. The Cleveland State Vikings competed in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) and in the Horizon League. Baseball at Cleveland State was played for a total of 69 seasons. On May 2, 2011 Clevleland State University announced that they would eliminate the baseball team. The reasons cited were budget concerns as well as the difficultly of having a baseball team in the northern United States with the season starting earlier and earlier and favoring teams in the warmer southern United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Cleveland State University", "paragraph_text": "Cleveland State University (also known as Cleveland State or CSU) is a public university in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It was established in 1964, and opened for classes in 1965 after acquiring the buildings, property, and students of Fenn College, a private school that had been in operation since 1923. CSU absorbed the Cleveland-Marshall College of Law in 1969. Today it is part of the University System of Ohio, has more than 120,000 alumni, and offers over 200 academic programs. Its mission is to \"encourage excellence, diversity, and engaged learning by providing a contemporary and accessible education in the arts, sciences, humanities and professions, and by conducting research, scholarship, and creative activity across these branches of knowledge.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Homer E. Woodling", "paragraph_text": "Homer Eugene \"Woody\" Woodling (February 23, 1902 \u2013 September 14, 1984) was an athletics coach and administrator at Fenn College\u2014now Cleveland State University. Woodling served two stints as the head men's basketball coach at Fenn College, from 1929 to 1941 and again from 1952 to 1953. He also coached the Cleveland State baseball, track, tennis and golf teams. Woodling served as Cleveland State's athletic director until 1966. He was the only athletic director that Fenn College had. He served in that position from 1929 to 1965 when Fenn College became Cleveland State. He was inducted into the Cleveland State Hall of Fame in 1975.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cleveland State Vikings", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland State Vikings, or Vikes, are the athletic teams of Cleveland State University. Before as Fenn College they were known as the Fenn College Foxes or Fenn Foxes. Cleveland State competes in NCAA Division I. They have been a member of the NCAA Division I since 1972. They were previously a member of the NCAA College Division, a precursor to NCAA Division II. The university is a member of the Horizon League (1994\u2013present) and Eastern Wrestling League (1978\u2013present). Cleveland State was formerly in the Mid-Continent Conference (1982\u20131994) and North Star Conference (1989\u20131992). Cleveland State previously fielded baseball, men's cross country as well as men and women's track and field. As Fenn College they fielded men's ice hockey and rifle. Cleveland State has a number of club sports as well.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "List of Florida Atlantic University people", "paragraph_text": "This list of Florida Atlantic University people includes graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of Florida Atlantic University and its graduate programs. Since its opening in 1964, Florida Atlantic has awarded over 100,000 degrees to more than 95,000 alumni worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7ce50f55429909bec76869", "question_text": "In what year did the Danish plant ecologist who assisted a Danish chemist, famous for the introduction of the concept of pH die?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1974"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tyge W. B\u00f6cher", "paragraph_text": "Tyge Wittrock B\u00f6cher (25 October 1909 \u2013 15 March 1983) was a Danish botanist, evolutionary biologist, plant ecologist and phytogeographer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Exequiel Ezcurra", "paragraph_text": "Exequiel Ezcurra (born March 21, 1950, Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a plant ecologist and conservationist. His highly interdisciplinary work spans desert plant ecology, mangroves, island biogeography, sea birds, fisheries, oceanography, and deep sea ecosystems.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Peter J. Grubb", "paragraph_text": "Peter John Grubb (born 9 August 1935 in Ilford, London) is a British ecologist and emeritus professor of botany at Cambridge University. He took his Ph.D. at Cambridge University in 1960 supervised by G.E. Briggs. He subsequently joined the staff of Magdalene College, later becoming a full professor (retired in 2001). His early work was mentored by E.J.H. Corner and A.S. Watt, and especially influenced by the latter. He has written a very lively account on his becoming a plant ecologist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Michael Proctor (botanist)", "paragraph_text": "Michael Charles Faraday Proctor PhD (born 1929) is an English botanist and plant ecologist, lecturer, scientific author and currently Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Exeter. He retired from his post as Reader in Plant Ecology at Exeter University in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jacob Weiner", "paragraph_text": "Jacob Weiner (born Robert Milton Weiner; 1947 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American plant ecologist at the University of Copenhagen. Weiner has made contributions to several areas of plant ecology, including competition, allocation, allometry and application of ecological knowledge to agricultural production.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Johannes Iversen", "paragraph_text": "Johannes Iversen (December 12, 1904 \u2013 October 17, 1972) was a Danish palaeoecologist and plant ecologist. He was born in S\u00f8nderborg and began studies in botany at the University of Copenhagen in 1923 under professor C.H. Ostenfeld, and with considerable inspiration from prof.em. Christen Raunki\u00e6r. At first he worked with macrophyte vegetation of lakes in relation to water pH. The influence from Raunki\u00e6r is particularly evident in Iversen\u2018s doctoral thesis, in which he divided herbaceous plants into hydrotypes based on experiments and morphological studies: xerophytes, mesophytes, hygrophytes, telmatophytes, amphiphytes and limnophytes. In addition, halobio-types (salt tolerance) were described. He brilliantly used modern equivalents in the interpretation of pollen diagrams, e.g. his now classic studies on frost damage to ivy (Hedera) and holly (Ilex) during the severe winters of the early 1940s led to their fossil pollen being used as climate indicators. Iversen demonstrated the steppe and tundra components of the late glacial flora. Iversen conducted a practical experiment with stone axe clear-cutting and slash-and-burn agriculture in a primeval forest to study the forest regeneration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "William L. Bray", "paragraph_text": "William L. Bray, Ph.D. University of Chicago, botanist, plant ecologist, biogeographer and Professor of Botany at Syracuse University, was the first dean of the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University, from 1911-12.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Carsten Olsen", "paragraph_text": "Carsten Erik Olsen (March 1, 1891 \u2013 August 19, 1974) was a Danish plant ecologist and plant physiologist, who pioneered the study of plant nutrition in soils of different pH. He was born in Copenhagen and began studies of botany at the University of Copenhagen in 1910, at first with professor Eugenius Warming, then with professor Christen Raunki\u00e6r. His doctoral dissertation (1921) was on the influence of soil pH on the natural distribution of plants. He was then employed by the Carlsberg Laboratory as an assistant to the chemist S. P. L. S\u00f8rensen, later in his own lab. There, he worked on plant uptake of ions, especially iron, nitrogen fixation and calcicolous plants.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tikhon Rabotnov", "paragraph_text": "Tikhon Alexandrovich Rabotnov (\u0422\u0438\u0301\u0445\u043e\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0432; July 6, 1904 \u2013 September 16, 2000) was a Russian plant ecologist. He was professor and head of the Department of Geobotany at Moscow State University until 1981. He was a father figure to generations of Russian plant ecologists. He conducted ground breaking studies in the regeneration of natural plant communities \u2013 studies which remained largely overlooked in the West.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "S. P. L. S\u00f8rensen", "paragraph_text": "S\u00f8ren Peder Lauritz S\u00f8rensen (9 January 1868 \u2013 12 February 1939) was a Danish chemist, famous for the introduction of the concept of pH, a scale for measuring acidity and alkalinity. He was born in Havrebjerg, Denmark.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f503c5542992414482a34", "question_text": "The Prodigal Daughter, though a book about an American, is by a novelist of what nationality?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["English"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "What's So Amazing About Grace?", "paragraph_text": "What's So Amazing About Grace? is a 1997 book by Philip Yancey, an American journalist and editor-at-large for \"Christianity Today\". The book examines grace in Christianity, contending that people crave grace and that it is central to the gospel, but that many local churches ignore grace and instead seek to exterminate immorality. \"What's So Amazing About Grace?\" includes Bible stories, anecdotes from Yancey's life, accounts of historical events and other stories. These include a modern retelling of the Parable of the Prodigal Son, an account of Yancey's friendship with Mel White who came out as homosexual, a comparison of the teachings of early Christians Pelagius and Augustine of Hippo, and a summary of Karen Blixen's short story \"Babette's Feast\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Lawrence Holofcener", "paragraph_text": "Lawrence Holofcener (February 23, 1926 \u2013 March 4, 2017) was an American-British sculptor, poet, lyricist, playwright, novelist, actor and director. He held dual British and American nationality. As a singer and songwriter he was better known as Larry Holofcener. He died in March 2017 at the age of 91. . As a tribute to his transatlantic love affair with England, his obituary was printed in UK's \"The Daily Telegraph\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Prodigal Judge", "paragraph_text": "The Prodigal Judge is a novel written by American novelist Vaughan Kester and published in 1911.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jeffrey Archer", "paragraph_text": "Jeffrey Howard Archer, Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare (born 15 April 1940) is an English novelist and politician.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The History of Rock", "paragraph_text": "The History of Rock is a compilation album released by Kid Rock in 2000, as the unofficial follow up to \"Devil Without a Cause\". After acquiring the rights to his indie-label recordings, Rock decided to release a compilation of older material. The album contains material from the albums \"The Polyfuze Method\" and \"Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp\". The liner notes state that Rock re-recorded the songs from \"Polyfuze\" because he could not find the master recordings, and \"remixed and touched up\" the \"EMSP\" tracks to show how they would have sounded if Rock had the money to record them properly at the time. There are also three previously unreleased songs from those album sessions (\"Born 2 B A Hick\" from the \"Polyfuze\" sessions in 1992, \"Dark and Grey\" and \"Abortion\" from the \"EMSP\" sessions in 1994). The only new tracks were \"American Bad Ass\", which was the first single from the album, and \"Fuck That\", which had been used previously for the \"Any Given Sunday\" soundtrack. \"Fuck U Blind\" was re-written from the original version and was more funk than the original rap metal version. Foreshadowing his move out of hip hop, he remade both \"Prodigal Son\" and \"My Oedipus Complex\" as southern rock songs. Even though they were recorded in 1992, \"Born 2 B A Hick\" was a rockabilly song and \"Abortion\" was a dark blues ballad.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ezekiel 16", "paragraph_text": "Ezekiel 16 is the sixteenth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet Ezekiel, and is a part of the Books of the Prophets. Clements calls this chapter \"an Old Testament parable of the prodigal daughter\", describing a shocking illustration eof ungrateful Jerusalem in contrast to God's enduring love to her. This chapter is often linked to Ezekiel 23 which deals with two daughters, symbolizing the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Prodigal Daughter (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)", "paragraph_text": "\"Prodigal Daughter\" is the 161st episode of the television series \"\", the 11th episode of the .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Prodigal Daughter", "paragraph_text": "The Prodigal Daughter is a novel by Jeffrey Archer, published in 1982. It is the story of Florentyna Kane, the daughter of Abel Rosnovski of Archer's \"Kane and Abel\". The novel, one of Archer's best sellers, portrays Florentyna's life from early childhood to her final ascension to the position of President of United States. In this way, President Kane becomes the first female U.S. president.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Eloy Urroz", "paragraph_text": "Eloy Urroz is a Mexican writer and Professor of Spanish and Latin American Literature at The Citadel in South Carolina. Though born in New York, Urroz grew up in Mexico City and is of Mexican nationality. He is one of the founding members of the Crack Movement, along with such writers as Ignacio Padilla and Jorge Volpi. Urroz has written eight novels, four books on literary criticism, four books of poetry, three political reportages and dozens of essays, articles, and reviews on Latin American and Peninsular Culture and Literature. Some of his novels have been translated into English, French, Italian, Portuguese, and German. In the United States, his novels are published by Dalkey Archive Press.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mich\u00e8le Roberts", "paragraph_text": "Mich\u00e8le Brigitte Roberts (born 20 May 1949) is a British writer, novelist and poet. She is the daughter of a French Catholic teacher mother (Monique Caulle) and English Protestant father (Reginald Roberts), and has dual UK\u2013France nationality.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac4a7615542996feb3fe92a", "question_text": "Dulce Maria Garc\u00eda Rivas took part in a \"Mask vs. Hair\" match with which female wrestler at Guerra de Titanes?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Faby Apache"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Guerra de Titanes (2011)", "paragraph_text": "Guerra de Titanes (Spanish for \"War of the Titans\") was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the AAA promotion, which took place on December 16, 2011, at \"Estadio Hermanos Serd\u00e1n\" in Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. The event was the fifteenth \"Guerra de Titanes\" end of the year show promoted by AAA since 1997. The event included appearances by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) wrestlers A.J. Styles, D'Angelo Dinero, Gunner and Rob Terry as part of the ongoing storyline invasion of wrestlers from the American promotion. The pay-per-view was headlined by a match for the AAA Latin American Championship, between champion Dr. Wagner Jr. and challenger L.A. Park. The conclusion of the match led to the AAA debuts of M\u00e1scara A\u00f1o 2000 Jr., El Texano Jr. and Toscano, starting a new storyline, where the three posed as invaders from rival promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Guerra de Titanes (2009)", "paragraph_text": "\"Guerra de Titanes\" (2009) (\"War of the Titans\") was the thirteenth annual \"Guerra de Titanes\" professional wrestling show promoted by AAA since 1997. The show took place on December 11, 2009 in the Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas Convention center, a site that AAA has used for many of their major shows. \"Guerra de Titanes\" is AAA's \"End of year\" show and the fifth of their \"big shows\" they hold every year. The Main Event saw Dr. Wagner Jr. defend the AAA Mega Championship against El Mesias in a \"Domo De La Muerte\" cage match. The show also featured two AAA championship matches as Nicho el Millonario and Joe L\u00edder defended the AAA World Tag Team Championship and Mini Charly Manson defended the AAA World Mini-Estrella Championship. Furthermore a \"Mask vs. Hair\", Lucha de Apuesta match between Faby Apache and Sexy Star took place as well. Finally the show featured a Six-man \"Lucha Libre rules\" tag team match and a four on four \"AAA vs. \"La Legion Extranjera\" elimination match where the winner would receive a title match for the AAA Mega Championship as AAA's 2010 \"Rey de Reyes\" show.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Guerra de Titanes (1997)", "paragraph_text": "\"Guerra de Titanes\" (1997) (\"War of the Titans\") was the first ever \"Guerra de Titanes\" professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on December 13, 1997 in Ciudad Madero, Mexico. The Main event featured a \"Lucha de Apuestas\" \"hair vs. hair\" match contested inside a Steel Cage between the teams of Heavy Metal and Perro Aguayo Jr. and Picudo and Sangre Chicana.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Guerra de Titanes (2017)", "paragraph_text": "Guerra de Titanes (Spanish for \"War of the Titans\") was a major professional wrestling event scripted and produced by Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA), a Mexican promotion. The event was the twentieth annual \"Guerra de Titanes\" show which, until 2015, has traditionally been AAA's \"end of the year\" show. In 2016 the show was shifted from December to January instead. The show was held in \"Gimnasio Juan de la Barrera\" in Mexico City, Mexico which also hosted the 2016 \"Guerra de Titanes\" show.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Guerra de Titanes (2000)", "paragraph_text": "\"Guerra de Titanes\" (2000) (\"War of the Titans\") was the fourth \"Guerra de Titanes\" professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on December 8, 2000 in Madero, Mexico. The Main event featured an \"Extreme\" Steel Cage Match Tag Team match that featured H\u00e9ctor Garza and Latin Lover taking on Heavy Metal and Perro Aguayo Jr.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Guerra de Titanes (2001)", "paragraph_text": "\"Guerra de Titanes\" (2001) (\"War of the Titans\") was the fifth \"Guerra de Titanes\" professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on November 23, 2001 in Mexico City, Mexico. The Main event featured a \"Four Way\" Elimination \"Lucha de Apuestas\" which meant that the loser would have his hair shaved off. The participants were Heavy Metal lost to Perro Aguayo Jr., H\u00e9ctor Garza and Latin Lover, who had all competed in the main event of \"Guerra de Titanes\" 2000 as well.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Guerra de Titanes (1999)", "paragraph_text": "\"Guerra de Titanes\" (1999) (\"War of the Titans\") was the third \"Guerra de Titanes\" professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on December 10, 1999 in Madero, Mexico. The Main event featured a \"Lucha de Apuestas\" \"mask vs. mask\" under Street fight rules. Octag\u00f3n faced Jaque Mate to see which wrestler had to unmask.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Guerra de Titanes (2006)", "paragraph_text": "Guerra de Titanes (\"War of the Titans\") was the tenth \"Guerra de Titanes\" professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on December 8, 2006 in Madero, Mexico. The Main event featured \"extreme coffin\" match between Cibern\u00e9tico and El Mesias, with Konnan serving as special referee in the match.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Guerra de Titanes (2008)", "paragraph_text": "\"Guerra de Titanes\" (2008) (\"War of the Titans\") was the twelfth annual \"Guerra de Titanes\" professional wrestling show promoted by AAA. The show took place on December 6, 2008 in Orizaba, Mexico, the same venue used for the 2006 and 2007 events. The Main event featured a Ladder match for the vacant AAA Mega Championship between El Mesias and El Zorro and saw Mesias win the match to become a two time champion. In addition to the main event the show featured a Steel Cage Match \"Lucha de Apuestas\" where the last man left in the cage would have his hair shaved off. The participants in the cage match were brothers El Brazo and Brazo de Plata as well as Pirata Morgan, Electroshock, Super Fly and El Elegido and saw El Brazo shaved bald as a result of his loss. As is tradition with AAA major events the wrestlers compete inside a hexagonal wrestling ring and not the four sided ring the promotion uses for television events and House shows.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sexy Star", "paragraph_text": "Dulce Maria Garc\u00eda Rivas (born September 20, 1982) is a Mexican \"Luchadora\" \"enmascarada\", or masked female professional wrestler, and professional boxer who is better known by the ring name Sexy Star. She is best known for her work in Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), where she is a three-time AAA Reina de Reinas Champion, while also being a former one-time AAA World Mixed Tag Team Champion. She previously wrestled under the name Dulce Poly and held both the FILL Women's Championship and the FILL Mixed Tag Team Championship under that name. She worked for Lucha Underground, where she was a former Lucha Underground Champion and Gift of the Gods Champion. She is the first woman to win the Lucha Underground Championship.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae0fe8855429945ae959495", "question_text": "Were both Tom Gullikson and J\u00fcrgen Melzer professional Austrian tennis players?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "1983 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles", "paragraph_text": "The Men's Doubles tournament at the 1983 Wimbledon Championships was held from August 30 to September 11, 1983, on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in the Wimbledon district of London, England. Peter McNamara and Paul McNamee were the defending champions. Peter McNamara did not compete this year while McNamee partnered with Brian Gottfried, losing in the quarterfinals to Anders Jarryd and Hans Simonsson. Peter Fleming and John McEnroe won the title, defeating Tim Gullikson and Tom Gullikson in the final.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Tom Gullikson", "paragraph_text": "Tom Gullikson (born September 8, 1951) is a tennis coach and former professional tennis player from the United States.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2012 US Open \u2013 Men's Doubles", "paragraph_text": "J\u00fcrgen Melzer and Philipp Petzschner were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Jamie Delgado and Ken Skupski. Melzer and Petzschner needed a wildcard to compete because they forgot to sign up. <br>", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "2010 Pilot Pen Tennis \u2013 Men's Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Julian Knowle and J\u00fcrgen Melzer were the defending champions, but Melzer chose not to participate this year.As a result, Knowle partnered with Andy Ram, but they lost to Robert Lindstedt and Horia Tec\u0103u in the semifinals. Lindstedt and Tec\u0103u went on to win the tournament, after defeating Rohan Bopanna and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi in the final 6\u20134, 7\u20135.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "J\u00fcrgen Melzer", "paragraph_text": "J\u00fcrgen Melzer (born 22 May 1981 in Vienna) is an Austrian tennis player. He reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 8 in April 2011, and a doubles ranking of world No. 6 in September 2010. He is a left-handed tennis player, but is right-handed in everyday life. He has a younger brother, Gerald Melzer, with whom he has played doubles in several tournaments.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Iveta Bene\u0161ov\u00e1", "paragraph_text": "Iveta Bene\u0161ov\u00e1 (] ) (formerly Melzer, Czech: Melzerov\u00e1 ; born 1 February 1983) is a Czech former professional tennis player. She began playing tennis at age of 7 and turned professional in 1998 in Prague. She has won two WTA Tour events and one Grand Slam in mixed doubles partnering with J\u00fcrgen Melzer at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. On 14 September 2012 she married J\u00fcrgen Melzer and adopted his family name. She announced her retirement from professional tennis via her Facebook page 13/08/2014. In 2015, she divorced Melzer and reverted to using her maiden name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1983 Bristol Open \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Tim Gullikson and Tom Gullikson were the defending champions, but Tim Gullikson did not participate this year. Tom Gullikson partnered Johan Kriek, losing in the final.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Julian Knowle", "paragraph_text": "Julian Knowle (born 29 April 1974) is an Austrian male professional tennis player. Being a born left-hander, Knowle is now one of the few on the ATP Tour who plays his forehand, backhand, and even volleys double-handed. He was Austria's most successful doubles player in history by reaching world no. 6 in the ATP doubles rankings in January 2008, before being matched by J\u00fcrgen Melzer, who reached no. 6 in September 2010, and overtaken by Alexander Peya, who reached no. 3 in August 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Pam Teeguarden", "paragraph_text": "Pam Teeguarden (born April 17, 1951) is a former American professional tennis player in the 1970s and 1980s, ranked in the top 20 from 1970\u20131975, according to \"John Dolan's Women's Tennis Ultimate Guide\", prior to computer rankings. She won two Grand Slam Doubles Titles and was a quarter finalist in singles at the U.S. Open and The French Open. Her father Jerry, a well known coach, helped Margaret Court win the coveted Grand Slam (all four Grand Slam titles in one year) in 1970 and Virginia Wade to her 1977 Wimbledon triumph. Teeguarden was voted the \"Most Watchable Player\" based on play and appearance by a group of Madison Avenue advertising executives or \"Mad Men\" while playing at the US Open. Teeguarden played in 19 consecutive US Opens, holding the record until Chris Evert played in 20. She wore the first all black outfit in the history of tennis in 1975 at The Bridgestone Doubles Championships in Tokyo, starting a trend that is still popular today. Teeguarden was the first woman tennis player signed by Nike. She played on the victorious Los Angeles Strings Team Tennis team in 1981 and won the Team Tennis Mixed Doubles Division with Tom Gullikson in 1977; they were also runners-up in the league that year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gerald Melzer", "paragraph_text": "Gerald Melzer (born 13 July 1990) is a professional Austrian tennis player. As a qualifier, he reached the semifinals of M\u00fcnich in 2015. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 68 in November 2016.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abd6db755429933744ab7d0", "question_text": "What was the nationality of the author of \"The Sunlight on the Garden\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Irish"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Shade garden", "paragraph_text": "Shade gardens are gardens planted and grown in areas with little or no direct sunlight. Shade gardens may occur naturally or by design under trees, as well as on the side of buildings or fences. This style of garden presents certain challenges, in part because only certain plants are able to grow in shady conditions and otherwise there is direct competition for sunlight. Very few edible plants grow well in shady conditions, so shade gardens are usually ornamental gardens, though growing flowers may also be difficult in shade. Light shade, also known as \"dappled sunlight\", may support growing herbs or some leaf vegetables, but in addition to lack of light, trees and other large plants which create shade gardens may negatively impact soil fertility.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Melodorum siamense", "paragraph_text": "Melodorum siamense (Taxonomic synonym \"Rauwenhoffia siamensis\"; called in local Thai name as nom-maew) is a plant in the family Annonaceae. \"Melodorum siamense\" is a small tree, related to the ylang-ylang. It is successfully grown in containers and is easy in care, blooming from spring till fall. Despite their plainness, the flowers of Melodorum distribute their fine perfume to great distances. It is for this that Asian gardeners include it with pleasure among their favorite garden plants. This plant can tolerate some shade; however, the lack of sunlight adversely affects flowering.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "National Botanic Garden of Israel", "paragraph_text": "National Botanic Garden of Israel (official name: The Botanical Garden for the Native Plants of Israel in memory of Montague Lamport, in Hebrew: \u05d4\u05d2\u05df \u05d4\u05d1\u05d5\u05d8\u05e0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e6\u05de\u05d7\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05e2\"\u05e9 \u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d8\u05d2'\u05d9\u05d5 \u05dc\u05de\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d8) is a botanical garden located in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem \u2013 Mount Scopus campus. it is the first botanical garden in the Land of Israel and records all the wild plants of Israel and the Middle East. The garden is located in the northern part of the Hebrew University campus on Mount Scopus in Jerusalem. around the garden are many burial caves from the Second Temple period. in the western part of the garden is a small amphitheater. The garden is also a Ecological nature reserve and National park it contains: Natural Teaching Center, a Library that is largest botanical library in Israel, and a meteorological station. on the western side of the garden is Trail walk named after the Israeli author Avigdor Hameiri. in the center of the Trail, next to the main entrance is a stone tablet inscribed with his famous song poem \"On the summit of Mount Scopus\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Miracle-Gro AeroGarden", "paragraph_text": "The Miracle-Gro AeroGarden is a smart countertop indoor garden made by AeroGrow International. The AeroGarden features proprietary technology which helps consumers grow fresh herbs, vegetables, salad greens and more indoors, year-round, using hydroponics. The seeds come in special seed pods, or consumers can use their own seeds with a custom kit. The plants receive artificial sunlight with built in, full spectrum CFL or LED grow lights that turn on and off automatically. Most AeroGardens have an adjustable light hood that can be used to grow taller plants, such as tomatoes. The AeroGarden comes in several different designs, colors and sizes, accommodating three, six, seven or nine seed pods at one time. All of the AeroGardens make use of liquid nutrient that is mixed into the water reservoir. Reminders tell the user when to add water and the patented liquid nutrients. Using hydroponics, roots soak in nutrient-rich water and no soil is needed. AeroGarden comes with plastic domes to put over seed pods to encourage germination, however, these can cause excessive humidity and cause mold if kept on too long.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Alseuosmia macrophylla", "paragraph_text": "Alseuosmia macrophylla, the toropapa or karapapa, is a plant species in the family Alseuosmiaceae. This is a small evergreen shrub which is endogenous to New Zealand, along with two closely related species. An example occurrence of \"A. macrophylla\" is in the North Island habitat of the Hamilton Ecological District, where \"Blechnum discolor\" and \"Blechnum filiforme\" are understory elements with \"Nothofagus truncata\" and rimu overstory. This plant is known for the pleasant scent of its flowers, and its family name translates as \"perfumed grove\". The small red berries of toropapa are edible and sweet tasting. As a forest understory plant, toropapa will not tolerate full sunlight or frost, and needs its roots to stay moist and cool, however so long as these conditions are met it is reasonably hardy, and is sometimes cultivated as a garden plant.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Louis MacNeice", "paragraph_text": "Frederick Louis MacNeice CBE (12 September 1907 \u2013 3 September 1963) was an Irish poet and playwright. He was part of the generation of the Auden Group that included W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender and Cecil Day-Lewis. MacNeice's body of work was widely appreciated by the public during his lifetime, due in part to his relaxed, but socially and emotionally aware style. Never as overtly (or simplistically) political as some of his contemporaries, his work shows a humane opposition to totalitarianism as well as an acute awareness of his Irish roots.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Sunlight on the Garden", "paragraph_text": "The Sunlight on the Garden is a 24-line poem by Louis MacNeice. It was written in late 1936 and was entitled \"Song\" at its first appearance in print, in The Listener magazine, January 1937. It was first published in book form as the third poem in MacNeice's poetry collection The Earth Compels (1938). The poem explores themes of time and loss, along with anxiety about the darkening political situation in Europe following the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. It is one of the best known and most anthologized of MacNeice's short poems. George Macbeth describes it as \"one of MacNeice's saddest and most beautiful lyrics\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Kathleen Cambor", "paragraph_text": "Kathleen Cambor is an American author. Her novels include \"The Book of Mercy\", which received the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize and was a finalist for the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. She was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2001 for her second novel, \"In Sunlight, In a Beautiful Garden\". The novel was selected as a New York Times Notable Book of 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jenni Fagan", "paragraph_text": "Jenni Fagan is a Scottish novelist best known for \"The Panopticon\" published in 2012. In 2013, Fagan was named in the Granta list of Best Young British Novelists, and it was announced that The Panopticon is to be made into a film by Sixteen Films. Fagan's second fiction novel \u2014 \"The Sunlight Pilgrims\" was published in the UK & US in 2016. Fagan was selected as Sunday Herald Culture Awards Scottish Author of the Year 2016. \"The Sunlight Pilgrims\" is currently on the long list for the Saltire Prize. \"The Dead Queen of Bohemia\" (New & Collected Poems) was also published in 2016. Fagan is currently translated into eight languages. Both of her novels made the front cover of The New York Times Book Review. Fagan has received international critical acclaim. Fagan's work is widely supported within the literary community around the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "P. Allen Smith", "paragraph_text": "Paul Allen Smith is a television host, garden designer, conservationist, and lifestyle expert. He is the host of three television programs. \"P. Allen Smith's Garden Home\" and \"P. Allen Smith's Garden to Table\" are distributed to public television by American Public Television. His 30-minute show \"Garden Style\" is in syndication. Smith is one of America's most recognized gardening and design experts, providing ideas and guidance through multiple media venues. He is the author of the Garden Home series of books published by Clarkson Potter/Random House, including \"Bringing the Garden Indoors: Container, Crafts and Bouquets for Every Room\" and the cookbook, \"Seasonal Recipes from the Garden\", inspired by the abundance of food from his farm and a family of cooks. In 2014, Smith's television shows were successful at the Taste Awards with Smith returning to Little Rock with four Taste Awards. In 2015, Smith was inducted into the\u00a0Taste\u00a0Hall\u00a0of\u00a0Fame\u00a0for his significant impact in the world of\u00a0taste\u00a0and broadcast entertainment. \"Garden Home\" won a 2017 Taste Award for \u201cBest Green or Organic Program.\u201d", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5add3ccc5542997545bbbce5", "question_text": "The Secret of Moonacre was directed by the founder of which animation studio?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Klasky Csupo"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "G\u00e1bor Csup\u00f3", "paragraph_text": "G\u00e1bor Csup\u00f3 ( ; ] ; born September 29, 1952) is a Hungarian animator, writer, director, producer and graphic designer. He is co-founder of the animation studio Klasky Csupo, which has produced shows like \"Rugrats\", \"Duckman\", and \"Aaahh!!! Real Monsters\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Melnitsa Animation Studio", "paragraph_text": "Melnitsa Animation Studio (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e \u00ab\u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u00bb , \"melnitsa\" meaning \"windmill\") is one of the largest animation studios in Russia. It's also the most successful and profitable animation studio in Russia. Deutsche Welle called the studio the Walt Disney of Saint Petersburg. Alongside its animation projects, Melnitsa has an effort devoted to creating digital special effects for both animation projects and live-action films.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bill Schultz (producer)", "paragraph_text": "Bill Schultz (born June 11, 1960) is an animation producer. He was born in New York City and grew up in River Forest, a suburb near Chicago, Illinois, moving to Los Angeles after graduating from the University of Illinois Champaign - Urbana Campus. He has worked on television shows such as \"Jim Henson's Muppet Babies\", \"The Transformers\", and produced others, notably \"The Simpsons\", \"King of the Hill\" and now the founder and CEO of Home Plate Entertainment, the Animation Studio behind Rob Dyrdek's Wild Grinders (launched on Nicktoons in the US in September 2011). Schultz started Home Plate Entertainment in 2010, after stepping down from his 12 year partnership with Moonscoop LLC (f/k/a Mike Young Productions (MYP) and Taffy entertainment, the US based arm of French animation studio Moonscoop SAS.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "P.A.Works", "paragraph_text": "P.A.Works Corporation (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30d4\u30fc\u30a8\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 , Kabushiki-gaisha P\u012b \u0112 W\u0101kusu , short for Progressive Animation Works) is a Japanese animation studio established on November 10, 2000 and is located in Nanto, Toyama, Japan. The company's president and founder Kenji Horikawa once worked for Tatsunoko Production, Production I.G, and Bee Train before forming P.A.Works in 2000. The main office is located in Toyama, Japan, which is where the drawing and digital photography take place, and production and direction takes place in their Tokyo office. The company is also involved with animation in video games, as well as collaborating in the past with Production I.G and Bee Train to create anime. In January 2008, P.A.Works produced \"True Tears\", their first anime series as the main animation studio involved in the production process.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Secret of Moonacre", "paragraph_text": "The Secret of Moonacre is a 2009 fantasy film based on the novel \"The Little White Horse\" by Elizabeth Goudge. The film was directed by G\u00e1bor Csup\u00f3 and starred Dakota Blue Richards in the leading role. The film premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the United Kingdom on 6 February 2009 by Warner Bros.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "G&amp;G Entertainment", "paragraph_text": "G&G Entertainment (Korean: (\uc8fc)\uc9c0\uc564\uc9c0\uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8 )is a South Korean/Japanese animation studio which creates animation for the domestic South Korean and Japanese anime markets. The main studio, which is credited as G&G Entertainment, is located in South Korea, while the Japanese subsidiary studio, which is credited as G&G Direction, assists the main studio and aids in getting outsource work from other Japanese studios. G&G Entertainment is known for its collaboration with the Japanese animation studio Gonzo, with which they have produced their most successful series to date, Kaleido Star. Increasingly, the studio is also seeking collaborations with Chinese studios, particularly for the creation of computer animation productions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "PAJ animation studio", "paragraph_text": "PAJ animation studio is a persian animation film studio based in IRAN. The studio produced several short films, television commercials, and one feature film. It was founded on 30 October 2007. PAJ animation studio produced a mini series called the hidden lives in 2017 .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "John Lemmon Films", "paragraph_text": "John Lemmon Films is a traditional character animation studio based in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, and is listed among five \u201cprominent animation houses\u201d. The company was founded in 1984 by John Lemmon and Mike Rosinski. Initially the animation studio worked exclusively in clay animation, but has since diversified into stop-motion, 2D animation and Flash animation, as well as web game design. The company has produced clay animated TV commercials for clients including: Disney, Cartoon Network and Dairy Queen. The studio has created clay-animated versions of well-known products, including the Coleman lantern, and has produced clay animated spots for Tandy Corporation\u2019s chain of stores called McDuff Electronics and for Cedar Point.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jesper M\u00f8ller", "paragraph_text": "Jesper Moller (Danish: \"M\u00f8ller\") is a Danish Animator, Screenwriter and Movie-director. Since beginning his career in animation and the movies in the late 1980s, Jesper Moller has participated in creating a vast number of Danish, European and American animated feature films (see below). After initially working as character animator at Sullivan Bluth Studios under the direction of animation legend Don Bluth, he joined Danish animation studio A. Film A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark. Amassing credits as directing animator, storyboard artist and character designer, he went on to become a central key in establishing A. Film A/S as Europe\u2019s leading feature animation studio and a household name at the majors in the US. After a period as the creative head of Feature Animation, also acting as sequence director on several films, he went on to co-direct (with Stefan Fjeldmark) the 2006 cinema hit Asterix and the Vikings, based on R. Goscinny and A. Uderzo's legendary comic book.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "DR Movie", "paragraph_text": "DR Movie is a Korean animation studio that was established in Seoul in 1990 and frequently works with Japanese companies on anime titles. Since 1991, the studio has been in an exclusive partnership with the Japanese animation studio Madhouse, and in 2001, Madhouse became a partial owner/investor. In 2006, Madhouse's parent company Index Holdings invested 600 million yen. DR Movie has been responsible for the animation production end of several Madhouse anime, starting with \"Tenjho Tenge\" in 2004 and continuing notably with \"Claymore\" in 2007. DR Movie has also been looking to make partnerships with Chinese animation companies for future productions, and as of March 2007 entered into a joint venture studio in Qingdao, China.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8e4b7c5542990e94052ab7", "question_text": "What is the familial relationship of the founder of the Gulf Cartel to Juan Garc\u00eda \u00c1brego?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["uncle"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Infighting in the Gulf Cartel", "paragraph_text": "The infighting in the Gulf Cartel refers to a series of confrontations between the Metros and the Rojos, two factions within Gulf Cartel that engaged in a power struggle directly after the death of the drug lord Samuel Flores Borrego in September 2011. The infighting has lasted through 2013, although the Metros have gained the advantage and regained control of the major cities controlled by the cartel when it was essentially one organization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Homero C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n", "paragraph_text": "Homero Enrique C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n (13 March 1966 \u2013 allegedly died on 28 March 2014), also known by his aliases El Majadero and El Orej\u00f3n, was a Mexican suspected drug lord and alleged leader of the Gulf Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. He is the brother of the former Gulf Cartel leaders Antonio, Mario, and Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guillen. During the late 1990s, Homero worked for the Gulf Cartel under the tutelage of his brothers. However, after several years of government crackdowns, the Gulf Cartel suffered severe drawbacks, including the death and arrests of Homero's brothers and allies. In August 2013, Homero became the de facto leader of the Gulf Cartel following the arrest of Mario Ram\u00edrez Trevi\u00f1o. However, he reportedly died of a heart attack on 28 March 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Los Mexicles", "paragraph_text": "Los Mexicles is a Mexican street gang, who work as armed wings for two of Mexican drug cartels, Sinaloa Cartel and Gulf Cartel. For the Gulf Cartel, they work in South Texas and Rio Grande Valley as armed wing and drug traffickers and dealers. For the Sinaloa Cartel, they work in Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez as assassins for the cartel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "\u00d3scar Malherbe de Le\u00f3n", "paragraph_text": "\u00d3scar Malherbe de Le\u00f3n (born 10 January 1964) is an imprisoned Mexican drug lord and former high-ranking leader of the Gulf Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. He was the main intermediary of the Gulf Cartel in Colombia, responsible for shipping large sums of cocaine from the Cali Cartel in the 1990s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Juan Nepomuceno Guerra", "paragraph_text": "Juan Nepomuceno Guerra C\u00e1rdenas (July 18, 1915 \u2013 July 12, 2001) was a Mexican crime lord, bootlegger, businessman and smuggler who founded the Gulf Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. He is often considered the \"godfather\" of U.S-Mexico border cartels.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n", "paragraph_text": "Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n (born May 18, 1967) is a former Mexican drug lord and the former leader of the Gulf Cartel (Spanish: \"C\u00e1rtel del Golfo\" ) and Los Zetas. Originally a mechanic in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, where he was born, he entered the Gulf Cartel by helping Juan Garc\u00eda Abrego, the capo at the time; when Garc\u00eda \u00c1brego was arrested in 1996, some infighting erupted within the cartel. Osiel C\u00e1rdenas eventually took control by killing his friend and contender Salvador G\u00f3mez, earning C\u00e1rdenas the nickname \"\"El Mata Amigos\"\" (The Friend-Killer).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Samuel Flores Borrego", "paragraph_text": "Samuel Flores Borrego (a.k.a. Metro 3) (6 August 1972 \u2013 2 September 2011) was a Mexican drug lord and high-ranking lieutenant of the Gulf Cartel. He was a former state judicial policeman who protected the ex-leader of the Gulf cartel, Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n. Upon his arrest, Flores Borrego became the right-hand man of Jorge Eduardo Costilla S\u00e1nchez, the former leader of the criminal organization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Juan Garc\u00eda \u00c1brego", "paragraph_text": "Juan Garc\u00eda \u00c1brego (born September 13, 1944) is a former Mexican drug lord who started out his criminal career under the tutelage of his uncle Juan Nepomuceno Guerra, who is reported to be the former head of a criminal dynasty along the U.S.-Mexico border now called the Gulf Cartel.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2012 Nuevo Laredo massacres", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 Nuevo Laredo massacres were a series of mass murder attacks between the allied Sinaloa Cartel and Gulf Cartel against Los Zetas in the border city of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, across the U.S.-Mexico border from Laredo, Texas. The drug-violence in Nuevo Laredo began back in 2003, when the city was controlled by the Gulf Cartel. Most media reports that write about the Mexican Drug War, however, point to 2006 as the start of the drug war. That year is a convenient historical marker because that's when Felipe Calder\u00f3n took office and carried out an aggressive approach against the cartels. But authors like Ioan Grillo and Sylvia Longmire note that Mexico's drug war actually began at the end of Vicente Fox's administration in 2004, when the first major battle took place in Nuevo Laredo between the Sinaloa Cartel and Los Zetas, who at that time worked as the armed wing of the Gulf Cartel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Joint Operation Nuevo Le\u00f3n-Tamaulipas", "paragraph_text": "Joint Operation Nuevo Le\u00f3n-Tamaulipas is an anti-drug joint operation in two Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Le\u00f3n by Federal Police and the Mexican Armed Forces. The objective of the joint operation is to eliminate Los Zetas and Gulf Cartel operations in the area. So far a large number of cartel members have been either killed or arrested. Recently Los Zetas and the Gulf Cartel have broken relations and started fighting each other.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7cf59b55429909bec768c7", "question_text": " Who was born first Burton Cummings or Sharleen Spiteri?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Burton Lorne Cummings"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sharleen Spiteri", "paragraph_text": "Sharleen Eugene Spiteri (born 7 November 1967) is a Scottish recording artist and songwriter from Finnieston, Glasgow, Scotland, and the lead singer of the rock band Texas. In 2013, Texas's worldwide album sales were counted at 40 million.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sharleen Spiteri discography", "paragraph_text": "This is the discography for Scottish alternative rock singer, Sharleen Spiteri. For her work within the Scottish rock band Texas, see Texas discography. Her debut solo album \"Melody\" was released in 2008 and charted at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart. Her second solo album, \"The Movie Songbook\", was released on 1 March 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Burton Cummings", "paragraph_text": "Burton Lorne Cummings, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (born December 31, 1947) is a Canadian musician, singer and songwriter.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "First Contact (album)", "paragraph_text": "First Contact is the debut studio album by American house producer Roger Sanchez, released in July 2001 by Defected Records. After establishing himself as a popular DJ and remixer throughout the 1990s, Sanchez decided he wanted to create more of his own music and record a studio album, feeling he had \"a bit of a story to tell with [his life],\" and conceived the album to be a very personal \"reflection of his life\", recording the album from 1997\u20132001. Music critics have described \"First Contact\" as a disco house album which displays a disparate array of influences and styles, including garage, Latin and electro. Numerous guest vocalists, including Cooly's Hot Box, N'Dea Davenport and Sharleen Spiteri, contribute vocals to the album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Stop, I Don't Love You Anymore", "paragraph_text": "\"Stop I Don't Love You Anymore\" is the second single from Sharleen Spiteri's first solo album \"Melody\". It was slated for a September 29, 2008 release, but then for unknown reasons it was pushed back and finally got released on October 6, 2008 as a digital download only single. This song failed to chart inside the top 100 UK singles, peaking only at #107.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Red Book (album)", "paragraph_text": "Red Book is the seventh album from Scottish rock band Texas. It was released on 7 November 2005 and entered the UK Albums Chart at #16. It is named after the little red book that singer Sharleen Spiteri used to write the album songs. The album yielded two UK Top Ten singles, \"Getaway\" and \"Sleep\" and the UK Top 20 single, \"Can't Resist\". Four of the album's tracks were co-written with Brian Higgins of Xenomania \u2014 \"Can't Resist\", \"Cry\", \"Get Down Tonight\" and \"Bad Weather\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "It Was You", "paragraph_text": "\"It Was You\" is the third single released off Sharleen Spiteri's first solo album \"Melody\". It was originally rumoured to be the second single due to it being on the albums sticker but it turned out to be \"Stop, I Don't Love You Anymore\", it was later announced to be the third single on Sharleen Spiteri's official website, it was released as digital download on December 1, 2008, following the single \"Stop, I Don't Love You Anymore\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Movie Songbook", "paragraph_text": "The Movie Songbook is the second studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter Sharleen Spiteri. It was released on 1 March 2010. The album consists of film song covers, chosen and recorded by Spiteri in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "All the Times I Cried", "paragraph_text": "\"All the Times I Cried\" is the debut solo single by Texas lead singer, Sharleen Spiteri, from her debut solo album, \"Melody\". It was digitally released in the U.K. on June 30, 2008, and physically released on July 7, 2008. It was taken from The Shangri Las song 'Out In The Streets'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Conversation (Texas album)", "paragraph_text": "The Conversation is the eighth album from Scottish rock band Texas. It was released on 20 May 2013. Tracks are written mainly by Sharleen Spiteri and Johnny McElhone, with Richard Hawley and Bernard Butler as collaborators. \"The Conversation\" is the group's first studio album of new material since \"Red Book\" in 2005. Title track \"The Conversation\" was released as the first single from the album in April 2013, followed by up-beat Pop Rock \"Detroit City\", both of which received a decent amount of UK airplay, including on BBC Radio 2's playlist.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a772c925542993735360208", "question_text": "Which was published first Polarity or The Farming Game?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Farming Game"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Farming Game", "paragraph_text": "The Farming Game is a board game simulating the economics of a small farm. Published in 1979, it was designed by George Rohrbacher, a rancher in Washington State. \"The Farming Game\" painfully reflects the real-life difficulties of running a farm. Also, the names and places in the game are the names of families farming for generations in Yakima Valley and other parts of Central Washington. When Rohrbacher invented the game, it was a desperate time for his failing farm and small family, which is reflected in the difficulty of the game, and the multitude of points taken into consideration in farming that are often left up to chance. It is considered a board game which has educational value.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Feng Shui (role-playing game)", "paragraph_text": "Feng Shui is a martial arts-themed role-playing game, designed by Robin Laws, published first by Daedalus Entertainment and now by Atlas Games. The game shares its setting with the collectible card game \"Shadowfist\". The system is simple, with most detail being in the game's combat system. Combat is made to flow quickly, moving from one action scene to another very quickly. It was inspired and based on Hong Kong style action movies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hay Day", "paragraph_text": "Hay Day is a freemium mobile farming game developed and published by Supercell. Hay Day was released for iOS on June 21, 2012 and Android on November 20, 2013. According to a 2013 report, Supercell earned $30 million a month from Hay Day and Clash of Clans, another game made by Supercell. In 2013, Hay Day was the 4th highest game in revenue generated.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Under a Cruel Star", "paragraph_text": "Under a Cruel Star: A Life in Prague 1941-1968 was published first under this title by Plunkett Lake Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1986. The memoir was written by Heda Margolius Kov\u00e1ly and translated with Franci and Helen Epstein. It is now available in a Holmes & Meier, New York 1997 edition (ISBN\u00a0 ), in a Plunkett Lake Press 2010 eBook edition and in a Granta, London 2012 edition (ISBN\u00a0 ). \"Prague Farewell\" was the book title in the UK in previous editions. The memoir was originally written in Czech and published in Canada under the title \"Na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei\" by 68 Publishers, a well-known publishing house for Czech expatriates, in Toronto in 1973. An English translation appeared in the same year as the first part of the book \"The Victors and the Vanquished\" published by Horizon Press in New York. A British edition of the book excluded the second treatise and was published by Weidenfeld and Nicolson under the title \"I Do Not Want To Remember\" in 1973. The book is also available in Chinese (ISBN\u00a0 ), Danish (ISBN\u00a0 ), Dutch (ISBN\u00a0 ), French (ISBN\u00a0 ), German (ISBN\u00a0 ), Romanian (ISBN\u00a0 ), Spanish (ISBN\u00a0 ) and the original Czech editions (ISBN\u00a0 ).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Outland (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Outland is a platform game developed by Housemarque and published by Ubisoft. The game combines two-dimensional platforming with a polarity system similar to Treasure's \"Ikaruga\" and \"Silhouette Mirage\". \"Outland\" was released in April 27, 2011 for Xbox Live Arcade. The PlayStation 3 version was delayed because of the PlayStation Network outage then later released on June 14, 2011. A Windows version was released on September 29, 2014. The Linux version was released on February 25, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ranch Rush 2", "paragraph_text": "Ranch Rush 2 is a time management farming game that was first released by FreshGames on April 27, 2010 on the PC, then later for MAC and the Apple iPad. \"Ranch Rush 2\" is a direct sequel to the 2008 title \"Ranch Rush\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Family Farm Seaside", "paragraph_text": "Family Farm Seaside, one of the top grossing mobile games developed and published by Beijing based videogame company FunPlus, is a farming game available for free on both iOS and Android platforms, and available in 18 languages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Knight Tyme", "paragraph_text": "Knight Tyme is a computer game released for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and MSX compatibles in 1986. It was published by Mastertronic as part of their Mastertronic Added Dimension label. Two versions of the ZX Spectrum release were published: a full version for the 128K Spectrum (which was published first) and a cut-down version for the 48K Spectrum that removed the music, some graphics and some locations (which was published later).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "International Superstar Soccer Deluxe", "paragraph_text": "International Superstar Soccer Deluxe (officially abbreviated as ISS Deluxe and known as Jikkyou World Soccer 2: Fighting Eleven in Japan) is a football video game and the sequel to International Superstar Soccer developed and published Konami's, KCEO division. The Deluxe version was published first to the SNES, then the Mega Drive and finally the PlayStation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Polarity (game)", "paragraph_text": "Polarity is a board game that requires strategic thinking and dexterity to control hovering magnetic discs. \"Polarity\" was invented in 1985 by Canadian artist and designer Douglas Seaton. It was first published in 1986. The game has had a tumultuous past, with its rights changing hands several times over the past two decades. The game has been published by Telemotion Technologies, Irwin Toy, briefly with Mattel and most recently by Temple Games. The game ships in a canvas sleeve and include the magnets, the board, and a paper rulebook. An unrelated game of the same name is published by a company called Mindwalk (Company).", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abeebe25542993fe9a41d9c", "question_text": " Season of Migration to the North  is a counter narrative to a novella by what Polish-British novelist?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Joseph Conrad"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Heart of Darkness", "paragraph_text": "Heart of Darkness (1899) is a novella by Polish-British novelist Joseph Conrad, about a voyage up the Congo River into the Congo Free State, in the heart of Africa, by the story's narrator Charles Marlow. Marlow tells his story to friends aboard a boat anchored on the River Thames, London, England. This setting provides the frame for Marlow's story of his obsession with the ivory trader Kurtz, which enables Conrad to create a parallel between London and Africa as places of darkness.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ludhiana", "paragraph_text": "Ludhiana is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab, and is the largest city north of Delhi. It is the largest city in the state, with an area of 310sq. km and an estimated population of 1,789,650 as of the 2015. The population increases substantially during the harvesting season due to the migration of labourers from the eastern states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha. The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is an industrial centre of northern India, and was referred to as India's Manchester by the BBC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "First North Americans", "paragraph_text": "First North Americans are a series of historical fiction novels published by Tor and written by husband and wife co-authors W. Michael Gear & Kathleen O'Neal Gear. The series, which began with 1990's \"People of the Wolf\", explores various civilizations and cultures in prehistoric North America. It is comparable to Jean M. Auel's \"Earth's Children\" series, set in prehistoric Europe, but each of its books focuses on a different time period, location, and set of characters. The first four novels form a coherent, more or less linear narrative, from the initial migration of Siberian peoples into what is now Canada and Alaska (People of the Wolf) through the florescence of the Mississippian semi-urban mound-building culture, considered the \"high-water mark\" of North American pre-Columbian civilization, around 1000 AD. The remaining novels cover a wide variety of times and settings, in no particular order, ranging from tropical Florida in the 6th millennium BC to the Chaco Empire of the Southwest in the 13th century AD. The novels take into account new developments in North American archaeology such as the discovery of Kennewick Man and the development of the coastal-route model as a possible alternative or supplement to overland migration across Beringia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Waiting for Happiness", "paragraph_text": "Waiting for Happiness (original title: Heremakono) is a 2002 drama film written and directed by Abderrahmane Sissako. Main characters are a student, who has returned to his home in Nouadhibou, an electrician and his child apprentice, and the local women. The film is characterized by a succession of scenes of the daily life of the characters which are unique to their particular African and Arab cultures, while borrowing from tropes of Tayeb Saleh's Season of Migration to the North (\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644). The viewer must interpret the scenes without much help from narrator or plot, while the structure of the film hangs on a series of mundane but visually arresting moments, many of which are repeated in other works in Abderrahmane Sissako's opus, including scenes at a barber shop and a photo booth, also present in his earlier La Vie Sur Terre and later Timbuktu. The film presents typical Mauritanian moments of beauty, struggle, alienation, and humor, which are experienced by groups socially divided from each other, such as Bidhan women drinking tea and gossiping, West African migrants passing through Mauritania to get to Europe (and finding an unsuccessful comrade washed ashore). The young protagonist who has returned interacts with all of these groups as an outsider, as he struggles to remember even his own Hassaniya Arabic dialect, but prefers instead French. Many of the themes and characters presage Sissako's 2014 film Timbuktu, and both explore liminal Sahel identities authentically situated in everyday life. Waiting for Happiness premiered at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ghorahi", "paragraph_text": "Ghorahi (Nepali: \u0918\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e) is the largest sub-metropolitan and seventh largest city of Nepal. The city (formerly Tribhuvannagar) lies in Province no 5 in Mid-Western part of Nepal . It is the largest city of Dang Deukhuri District of southwest Nepal. Located in the Inner Terai region, it lies 413 kilometres (257 mi) south-west of Nepal's capital Kathmandu and is one of the \"Counter Magnets\" being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Kathmandu metropolitan area.It is the largest city of Rapti Region and is surrounded by the Sivalik in the south and Mahabharat range of Hills in the north.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Season of Migration to the North", "paragraph_text": "Season of Migration to the North (Arabic: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u200e \u200e Mawsim al-Hi\u01e7ra il\u0101 ash-Sham\u0101l ) is a classic post-colonial Sudanese novel by the novelist Tayeb Salih. Originally published in Arabic in 1966, it has since been translated into more than twenty languages. Salih was fluent in both English and Arabic, but chose to pen this novel in Arabic. The English translation was published in 1969 as part of the influential Heinemann African Writers Series. The novel is a counter narrative to \"Heart of Darkness\". It was described by Edward Said as one of the six great novels in Arabic literature. In 2001 it was selected by a panel of Arab writers and critics as the most important Arab novel of the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dehradun", "paragraph_text": "Dehradun ( ) or Dehra Dun is the capital city of Uttarakhand, a state in the northern part of India. Located in the Garhwal region, it lies 236 km north of India's capital New Delhi and is one of the \"Counter Magnets\" of the National Capital Region (NCR) being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area and creation highways to establish a smart city at Dehradun.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Lake Feh\u00e9r (Szeged)", "paragraph_text": "Lake Feh\u00e9r is a lake of Hungary. It is named Feh\u00e9r (White), because it is white. It is a part of Kiskuns\u00e1g National Park, and it is situated just north of the town of Szeged. It covers an area of 14 square kilometres. Lake Feh\u00e9r is Hungary's largest saltwater lake. It is carefully protected because it is home to 280 species of bird and because of its ancient flora. The area is an important stop in the migration of European birds, and serves as a resting and feeding place for them. During the migration season, crowds of cranes, wild geese, and teal varieties are visible on Lake Feh\u00e9r.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tatsuhiro Oshiro", "paragraph_text": "Tatsuhiro \u014cshiro (\u5927\u57ce \u7acb\u88d5 , \u014cshiro Tatsuhiro , born 19 September 1925) is a Japanese novelist and playwright. He was awarded the Akutagawa Prize in 1967 for his novella of the same year, \"The Cocktail Party\", which has been adapted for the stage and made into a film. \u014cshiro has also been an innovator of the traditional Ryukyuan narrative dance form known as kumi odori. Having added twenty new pieces to the repertoire, \u014cshiro is credited as having \"single-handedly revived the genre that originated in the 18th century\" by incorporating Okinawa shibai (dramas in the Okinawan language) and distinctive rhythms to construct a fluid, hybrid cultural identity. His writings have been noted for making Okinawan culture and history accessible to Japanese readership, while his more popular works have been critically praised for \"offering an acute perspective on the psychological and moral implications of war and military occupation.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Haniel Long", "paragraph_text": "Haniel Clark Long (March 9, 1888 \u2013 October 17, 1956) was an American poet, novelist, publisher and academic. He is best known for his novella, \"Interlinear to Cabeza de Vaca\" (1936), a fictionalized account of the true story of a Spanish conquistador in 16th century North America.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7c9d2e55429935c91b5261", "question_text": "What legend that lends its name to a modern medical term, inspired the plot of the horror film Ghostkeeper?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Wendigo"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Side Effects (2005 film)", "paragraph_text": "Side Effects is a 2005 romantic comedy about the pharmaceutical industry, directed by Kathleen Slattery-Moschkau and starring Katherine Heigl as Karly Hert, a pharmaceutical \"detailer\", who becomes disillusioned with the lack of ethics in the pharmaceutical industry and has tough choices to make. The film also stars Lucian McAfee, Dorian DeMichele, Dave Durbin, Temeceka Harris. The film's title is a reference to the medical term \"side effects\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Typhus (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "In modern medical English, the term typhus refers to a group of rickettsioses only. Some other groups of infectious diseases also have similar names:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ghostkeeper", "paragraph_text": "Ghostkeeper is a 1981 Canadian independent horror film directed by Jim Makichuk. The story centers on a trio of snowmobilers in the Canadian Rockies who become stranded at an abandoned hotel, where an old woman is hiding an evil entity within the basement. The film's plot is inspired by the Windigo legend of North America.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Asthenization", "paragraph_text": "In medicine, asthenization is a condition experienced by astronauts following long-term space flight, in which following return to Earth the astronaut experiences symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, lack of appetite, and sleep disorders. The condition's name derives from asthenia, which is a medical term denoting a feeling of weakness without actual loss of strength.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Georgie Collins", "paragraph_text": "Eileen Georgina \"Georgie\" Collins (n\u00e9e Given; June 12, 1925 \u2013 May 3, 2017) was a Canadian film, stage, and television actress. Collins is known for her role in the 1981 cult horror film \"Ghostkeeper\", as well as her part in \"Lonesome Dove: The Series\" (1995).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Biocompatibility", "paragraph_text": "Biocompatibility is related to the behavior of biomaterials in various contexts. The term refers to the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific situation. The ambiguity of the term reflects the ongoing development of insights into how biomaterials interact with the human body and eventually how those interactions determine the clinical success of a medical device (such as pacemaker, hip replacement or stent). Modern medical devices and prostheses are often made of more than one material so it might not always be sufficient to talk about the biocompatibility of a specific material.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Wendigo", "paragraph_text": "The legend lends its name to the controversial modern medical term Wendigo psychosis, described by psychiatrists as a culture-bound syndrome with symptoms such as an intense craving for human flesh and a fear of becoming a cannibal. In some Indigenous communities, environmental destruction and insatiable greed are also seen as a manifestation of Wendigo Psychosis.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Causa Mortis", "paragraph_text": "Causa Mortis is a satiric play by Jacob M. Appel that lampoons the modern medical establishment. The plot focuses on a woman, Eleanor, whose brain surgeon has accidentally left his watch in her skull. Her daughters urge her to have the timepiece extracted before it harms her, but every surgeon who attempts to remove it dies during the process. Critic Donald Calamia described the play as \"a needle in the eyes of an industry that far-too often refuses to admit its human failings.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Microtiter plate", "paragraph_text": "A microtiter plate (spelled Microtiter is a registered trade name in the United States) or microplate or microwell plate or multiwell, is a flat plate with multiple \"wells\" used as small test tubes. The microplate has become a standard tool in analytical research and clinical diagnostic testing laboratories. A very common usage is in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the basis of most modern medical diagnostic testing in humans and animals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Syncopy Inc.", "paragraph_text": "Syncopy Films Inc. is a British film production company based in London, England. The company was founded by film director, screenwriter and producer Christopher Nolan and his wife Emma Thomas. The name Syncopy Films derives from \"syncope\", the medical term for fainting or loss of consciousness.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a89e3995542992e4fca844d", "question_text": "H-63 is a highway that runs near the county seat of what Michigan county?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Chippewa County"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "H-63 (Michigan county highway)", "paragraph_text": "H-63 is a county-designated highway (CDH) in the Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. The highway parallels the Interstate 75 (I-75) corridor between St. Ignace and Sault Ste. Marie. The road is called Mackinac Trail after the Upper Peninsula branch of an Indian trail used before European settlers reached the area. Originally, the roadway was built as a section of US Highway 2 (US\u00a02) before being added to the CDH system in the 1970s.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "U.S. Route 9 in New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "U.S. Route 9 (US 9) is a U.S. highway in the northeast United States, running from Laurel, Delaware north to Champlain, New York. In New Jersey, the route runs 166.80 mi from the Cape May\u2013Lewes Ferry terminal in North Cape May, Cape May County, where the ferry carries US 9 across the Delaware Bay to Lewes, Delaware, north to the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, Bergen County, where the route along with Interstate 95 (I-95) and US 1 continue into New York City. US 9 is the longest U.S. highway in the state. From North Cape May north to Toms River in Ocean County, US 9 is mostly a two-lane undivided road that closely parallels the Garden State Parkway and runs near the Jersey Shore. Along this stretch, it passes through the communities of Rio Grande, Cape May Court House, Somers Point, Pleasantville, Absecon, Tuckerton, Manahawkin, and Beachwood. In the Toms River area, US 9 runs along the Garden State Parkway for a short distance before heading northwest away from it and the Jersey Shore into Lakewood Township. Upon entering Monmouth County, the route transitions into a multilane suburban divided highway and continues through Howell Township, Freehold Township, Manalapan Township, Marlboro Township, Old Bridge Township, Sayreville, and South Amboy. In Woodbridge Township, US 9 merges with US 1 and the two routes continue through northern New Jersey as US 1/9 to the George Washington Bridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Saginaw County, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Saginaw County, officially the County of Saginaw, is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 200,169. The county seat is Saginaw. The county was created by September 10, 1822, and was fully organized on February 9, 1835. The etymology of the county's name is uncertain. It may be derived from \"Sace-nong\" or \"Sak-e-nong\" (English: Sauk land ), as the Sauk (French: \"Sac\" ) tribe once lived there. Another possibility is that it comes from Ojibwe words meaning \"place of the outlet\" \u2013\"sag\" (English: an opening ) and \"ong\" (English: place of ). \"See\" List of Michigan county name etymologies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Sault Ste. Marie is a city in, and the county seat of, Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the northeastern end of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, on the Canada\u2013US border, and separated from its twin city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, by the St. Marys River. The city is relatively isolated from other communities in Michigan and is 346 miles from Detroit. The population was 14,144 at the 2010 census, making it the second most populous city in the Upper Peninsula. By contrast, the Canadian Sault Ste. Marie is much larger, with more than 75,000 residents, based on more extensive industry developed in the 20th century and an economy with closer connections to other communities.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "County Road 492 (Marquette County, Michigan)", "paragraph_text": "County Road 492 (CR\u00a0492, Co. Rd. 492) is a primary county road in Marquette County, Michigan. The road serves as an alternate route between Negaunee and Marquette. Several historic sites line the roadway as it runs south and parallel to the main highway, U.S. Highway 41 (US\u00a041) and M-28, through the Marquette Iron Range in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The path of the road runs near tracks of the Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad (LS&I). The locally created Iron Ore Heritage Trail will follow CR\u00a0492 through Eagle Mills and Morgan Meadows upon completion. The western terminus of the county road is on US\u00a041/M-28 in Negaunee and the eastern end is in Marquette next to Lake Superior.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lapeer, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Lapeer is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and is the county seat of Lapeer County. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,841. Most of the city was incorporated from land that was formerly in Lapeer Township, though portions were also annexed from Mayfield Township and Elba Township. The city government is politically independent of all three townships. Lapeer is in southern Michigan, east of Flint, on the Flint River. The name \"Lapeer\" is a corruption of the French \"la pierre\", which means \"the flint\". (See List of Michigan county name etymologies.)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "M-47 (Michigan highway)", "paragraph_text": "M-47 is a north\u2013south state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan. It runs near Saginaw and Midland in the Tri-Cities area of the Lower Peninsula. The highway runs through suburban and agricultural areas to connect the two cities with the airport in the area. The northernmost section of M-47 runs along a freeway to the terminus at US Highway 10 (US\u00a010). M-47 runs for 14.328 mi , all of which has been listed as a part of the National Highway System.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Saskatchewan Highway 316", "paragraph_text": "Highway 316 is a highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 16 near Clavet to Highway 5. Highway 316 is about 17\u00a0km (11\u00a0mi.) long. This area is an industrial commercial area along Highway #316 which extends from Clavet north to the PCS Patience Lake Mine which is just 10 miles from the city of Saskatoon. Highway 316 is a primary weight highway, and also runs near the Canadian National Railway line which goes from Saskatoon through Clavet. In 1941, the Canadian Pacific Railway ran from Saskatoon through Cheviot and on south eastward.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Marginal Tiet\u00ea", "paragraph_text": "Marginal Tiet\u00ea (officially SP-015) is a section of this highway that runs through the city of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The name of this section comes from the fact that each way of the expressway runs near a different waterfront of the Tiet\u00ea River. It is a very important road of S\u00e3o Paulo, connecting the East, North and West portions of the city, and linking the Lapa neighbourhood and the Penha neighbourhood. It provides access to the Castelo Branco highway, the Bandeirantes highway, the Anhang\u00fcera highway, the Presidente Dutra highway, the Fern\u00e3o Dias highway, the Ayrton Senna highway and the S\u00e3o Paulo International Airport. The Campo de Marte Airport, the Est\u00e1dio Parque S\u00e3o Jorge and the Est\u00e1dio do Canind\u00e9 are located near the freeway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Manistee County, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Manistee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,733. The county seat is Manistee. The name \"Manistee\" is from an Ojibwe word first applied to the principal river of the county. The derivation is not certain, but it may be from \"ministigweyaa\", \"river with islands at its mouth\". \"See also\", List of Michigan county name etymologies and Kaministiquia River.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abea85f5542990832d3a070", "question_text": "Timothy J. Sloan was the CEO of Wells Fargo who succeeded the CEO who took the job in what month?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["June 2007"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of Wells Fargo presidents", "paragraph_text": "The List of Wells Fargo presidents includes those persons who have served as President of Wells Fargo since 1852. It includes the presidents of the express mail company from 1852 to 1918 and of the Wells Fargo Bank, which was separated from the express company in 1905 and merged with the Nevada National Bank to form the Wells Fargo Nevada National Bank - the lineal ancestor of the present Wells Fargo Bank.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Wells Fargo", "paragraph_text": "Wells Fargo & Company is an American international banking and financial services holding company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with \"hubquarters\" throughout the country. It is the world's second-largest bank by market capitalization and the third largest bank in the U.S. by assets. In July 2015, Wells Fargo became the world's largest bank by market capitalization, edging past ICBC, before slipping behind JP Morgan Chase in September 2016, in the wake of a scandal involving the creation of over 2 million fake bank accounts by Wells Fargo employees. Wells Fargo surpassed Citigroup Inc. to become the third-largest U.S. bank by assets at the end of 2015. Wells Fargo is the second-largest bank in deposits, home mortgage servicing, and debit cards. The firm's primary U.S. operating subsidiary is national bank Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., which designates its main office as Sioux Falls, South Dakota.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "John Stumpf", "paragraph_text": "John Gerard Stumpf (born September 15, 1953) is an American business executive and retail banker. He is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Wells Fargo, one of the Big Four banks of the United States. He was named CEO in June 2007, elected to the board of directors in June 2006, and named president in August 2005. He became chairman in January 2010. On October 12, 2016, Stumpf announced his retirement as chairman and CEO of effective immediately, following a scandal involving customer accounts and subsequent pressure from the public and lawmakers. He was succeeded by Timothy J. Sloan.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Timothy J. Sloan", "paragraph_text": "Timothy J. Sloan (born 1960/61) is an American banker. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Wells Fargo since October 2016, when he succeeded John Stumpf, having previously been chief operating officer (COO) and president.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wells Fargo Rail", "paragraph_text": "Wells Fargo Rail is the new name for the historic First Union Rail Corporation, along with the combined business of the former GE Capital Rail Services, which Wells Fargo purchased from GE in September 2015. The new company/name took effect January 1, 2016, and is based in Rosemont, Illinois, USA. Wells Fargo Rail is the largest railcar and locomotive leasing company in North America with over 175,000 railcars and 1,800 locomotives available.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Wells Fargo Building (Augusta)", "paragraph_text": "The Wells Fargo Building,formerly known as the Wells Fargo Bank Center, is a commercial and financial skyscraper in Augusta, Georgia, in the United States. After its completion, the building was the tallest building in Augusta from 1967 to 1976, when the Lamar Building surpassed it due to the completion of the penthouse. Today, it is the third tallest building in the city. The building's exterior surface is made completely in aluminum steel glass. At the time of its completion, the building was named the Georgia Railroad Bank & Trust. In 1989, the building's name was changed to the Wachovia Bank Center, making it the official headquarters of Wachovia in the eastern part of Georgia and the Central Savannah River Area. In 2008, the building's name was changed again to the Wells Fargo Building. It is now the official headquarters of Wells Fargo in the Augusta region.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Wells Fargo Tower (Las Cruces)", "paragraph_text": "The Wells Fargo Tower [formerly First National Bank Tower] is a skyscraper located on 506 Main Street in Las Cruces, New Mexico. It opened in 1962 and was originally planned to be only 7 stories tall. The final height of the tower is 120 ft and is 10 stories tall above ground, plus a basement floor below ground. Wells Fargo bought the building in 2001 and renamed it, after acquiring First National Bank's parent company. The building has 3 elevators (originally Otis, modernized by Dover); there are restrooms on every floor but the lobby and basement. The building is currently up for sale by its owner, Wells Fargo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Wachovia Tower (Baltimore)", "paragraph_text": "The Wells Fargo Tower, formerly known as the First Union Signet Tower, Wachovia Tower, and Union Trust Building, is a commercial high-rise in Baltimore, Maryland. The building rises 24 floors above street level and is 330 ft in height; it is tied with Charles Center South as the 17th-tallest building in the city. The structure was completed in 1985. The Wells Fargo Tower was developed by the Dallas-based Trammell Crow Company, and is currently owned by the Wells Fargo and Company. The structure is an example of modern architecture, and has a glass, steel and concrete fa\u00e7ade. The Wachovia Tower rises from the site formerly occupied by the Calvert Building and 7-9 Saint Paul Street. The building, formerly housing offices for Wachovia, is now home to the regional office of Wells Fargo and Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Wachovia Securities", "paragraph_text": "Wachovia Securities was the trade name of Wachovia's retail brokerage and institutional capital markets and investment banking subsidiaries. Following Wachovia's merger with Wells Fargo and Company on December 31, 2008, the retail brokerage became Wells Fargo Advisors on May 1, 2009 and the institutional capital markets and investment banking group became Wells Fargo Securities on July 6, 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Wells Fargo and Company Express Building", "paragraph_text": "The Wells Fargo and Company Express Building was built \"circa\" 1877 in Silver Reef, Utah. It is one of three surviving structures in Silver Reef, which is now a ghost town. The building housed the offices of the Wells Fargo Company. The structure was built by local masons George Brooks and Ira McMullin of local red sandstone, with finished ashlar masonry by Brooks in the front and coursed rubble stone by McMullin on the other three sides. A parapet surrounds the single-slope roof on the front and sides. The main level is divided into two equal-sized rooms, each with two front entrances and a rear entrance, with a vault on one side. The basement does not connect to the upper levels. It was used as a stable. The Wells Fargo building was used as a mine supply store in the late 19th century, then for a time as the residence of the Colbath family. Its last use was as offices for the Western Gold and Uranium Company, who added a rear porch structure. The building is owned by Washington County.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae034bd55429925eb1afc2a", "question_text": "Which  American politician and lawyer contested in San Francisco mayoral election, 2003", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Matthew Edward"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gay Power, Gay Politics", "paragraph_text": "\"Gay Power, Gay Politics\" is a 1980 episode of the American documentary television series \"CBS Reports\". It was anchored by Harry Reasoner with reportage by George Crile. Crile also produced the episode with co-producer Grace Diekhaus. He conceived the show after becoming aware of the 1979 National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights and took as his focus the 1979 San Francisco mayoral election. After intermittent shooting over several months in 1979 with the cooperation of prominent members of the city's LGBT community, CBS aired \"Gay Power, Gay Politics\" on April 26, 1980.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "San Francisco mayoral election, 1995", "paragraph_text": "The 1995 San Francisco mayoral election was held on November 7, 1995, with a runoff election held on December 12, 1995. Former Speaker of the California State Assembly Willie Brown defeated incumbent mayor Frank Jordan in a runoff election to become the 41st Mayor of San Francisco.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Matt Gonzalez", "paragraph_text": "Matthew Edward Gonzalez (born June 4, 1965) is an American politician, lawyer, and activist. He was an important figure in San Francisco politics in the years 2000\u20132005, when he served on San Francisco County's Board of Supervisors and was president of the Board. In 2003, Gonzalez, running as a member of the Green Party, lost a close race for mayor of San Francisco to Democrat Gavin Newsom. In the 2008 presidential election, Gonzalez ran for vice president as the running mate of candidate Ralph Nader. He currently works in San Francisco\u2019s Public Defender's Office.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "San Francisco mayoral election, 2003", "paragraph_text": "The 2003 San Francisco mayoral election occurred on November 4, 2003. The incumbent, Willie Brown, was termed out of office and could not seek a third term. The general election included three top candidates including then Supervisor Gavin Newsom and then President of the Board of Supervisors, Matt Gonzalez and former Supervisor Angela Alioto. No candidate received the required majority so the race went into a run-off of the two top candidates, which were Gavin Newsom and Matt Gonzalez. The run-off occurred on December 9, 2003 where Gavin Newsom was elected mayor of San Francisco.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "San Francisco mayoral election, 2011", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 San Francisco mayoral election was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2011, to elect the mayor of San Francisco. The incumbent, Ed Lee, succeeded in his bid to become the first elected Asian-American mayor of a major American city.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "San Francisco mayoral election, 1999", "paragraph_text": "The 1999 San Francisco mayoral election was held on November 2, 1999, with a runoff election held on December 14, 1999. Incumbent mayor Willie Brown won reelection against supervisor and current Assemblyman Tom Ammiano and nine other candidates for a second term as Mayor of San Francisco.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "San Francisco mayoral election, 2015", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 San Francisco mayoral election took place on November 3, 2015, to elect the Mayor of San Francisco, California.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "San Francisco mayoral election, 1991", "paragraph_text": "The 1991 mayoral election was held to elect the 40th mayor of San Francisco. Frank Jordan defeated incumbent Art Agnos, Angela Alioto, Richard Hongisto, and Tom Hsieh to become the 40th mayor of San Francisco.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Chicken John", "paragraph_text": "\"Chicken\" John Rinaldi is a musician, showman, activist, and author living in San Francisco, California. He is involved with the San Francisco arts community as well as the Burning Man community. In what he referred to as \"an experiment\", he ran for Mayor in the 2007 San Francisco mayoral election, during which he wore fake mustaches, debated a puppet, and arranged costumed flash mobs to occur at campaign events, in an effort to be as flippant a candidate as possible.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "San Francisco mayoral election, 2007", "paragraph_text": "The 2007 San Francisco mayoral election occurred on November 6, 2007. Voters elected a Mayor of San Francisco and several local officials. Incumbent Mayor Gavin Newsom was re-elected by a good margin. There were 12 candidates on the ballot as well as 6 write-ins.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a75436155429974ef308cbc", "question_text": "The Pluralist school is said to have included what creator of the theory of atomism? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Leucippus"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Linda Mart\u00edn Alcoff", "paragraph_text": "Linda Mart\u00edn Alcoff (born July 25, 1955 in Panama) is a philosopher at the City University of New York who specializes in epistemology, feminism, race theory and existentialism. From 2012 to 2013, she served as president of the American Philosophical Association (APA), Eastern Division. Alcoff has called for greater inclusion of historically under represented groups in philosophy and notes that philosophers from these groups have created new fields of inquiry, including feminist philosophy, critical race theory, and LGBTQ philosophy. To help address these issues, with Paul Taylor and William Wilkerson, she started the Pluralist Guide to Philosophy. She earned her PhD in Philosophy from Brown University. She was recognized as the distinguished Woman Philosopher of 2005 by the Society for Women in Philosophy and the APA. She began teaching at Hunter College and the City University of New York Graduate Center in early 2009, after teaching for many years at Syracuse University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ann Pettifor", "paragraph_text": "Ann Pettifor is a UK-based analyst of the global financial system, director of Policy Research in Macroeconomics (PRIME) a network of economists concerned with Keynesian monetary theory and policies; an honorary research fellow at the Political Economy Research Centre at City University, London (CITYPERC) and a fellow of the New Economics Foundation, London. She is Chair of the Goldsmiths College Political Economy Research Centre's Advisory Board. As executive director of the consultancy Advocacy International, Pettifor has advised governments and organisations on sovereign debt restructuring, international finance and sustainable development. She is a trustee of the PREP Foundation for Pluralist Economics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Buddhist atomism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhist atomism is a school of atomistic Buddhist philosophy that flourished on the Indian subcontinent during two major periods . During the first phase, which began to develop prior to the 4th century BCE, Buddhist atomism had a very qualitative, Aristotelian-style atomic theory. This form of atomism identifies four kinds of atoms, corresponding to the standard elements. Each of these elements has a specific property, such as solidity or motion, and performs a specific function in mixtures, such as providing support or causing growth. Like the Hindus and Jains, the Buddhists were able to integrate a theory of atomism with their logical presuppositions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Atomism (social)", "paragraph_text": "Atomism or social atomism is a sociological theory arising from the scientific notion \"atomic theory\", coined by the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus and the Roman philosopher Lucretius. In the scientific rendering of the word, atomism refers to the notion that all matter in the universe is composed of basic indivisible components, or atoms. When placed into the field of sociology, atomism assigns the individual as the basic unit of analysis for all implications of social life. This theory refers to \"the tendecy for society to be made up of a collection of self-interested and largely self-sufficient individuals, operating as separate atoms\". Therefore, all social values, institutions, developments and procedures evolve entirely out of the interests and actions of the individuals who inhabit any particular society. The individual is the \u2018atom\u2019 of society and therefore the only true object of concern and analysis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Leucippus", "paragraph_text": "Leucippus ( ; Greek: \u039b\u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 , \"Le\u00fakippos\"; fl. 5th cent. BCE) is reported in some ancient sources to have been a philosopher who was the earliest Greek to develop the theory of atomism\u2014the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms. Leucippus often appears as the master to his pupil Democritus, a philosopher also touted as the originator of the atomic theory. However, a brief notice in Diogenes Laertius\u2019s life of Epicurus says that on the testimony of Epicurus, Leucippus never existed. As the philosophical heir of Democritus, Epicurus's word has some weight, and indeed a controversy over this matter raged in German scholarship for many years at the close of the 19th century. Furthermore, in his \"Corpus Democriteum\", Thrasyllus of Alexandria, an astrologer and writer living under the emperor Tiberius (14\u201337 CE), compiled a list of writings on atomism that he attributed to Democritus to the exclusion of Leucippus. The present consensus among the world's historians of philosophy is that this Leucippus is historical. The matter must remain moot unless more information is forthcoming from the record.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pluralist theories of truth", "paragraph_text": "A pluralist theory of truth is a theory of truth which posits that there may be more than one property that makes a proposition true.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Political agenda", "paragraph_text": "A political agenda is a list of subjects or problems to which government officials as well as individuals outside the government are paying serious attention at any given time. It is most often shaped by political and policy elites, but can also be influenced by non-governmental activist groups, private sector lobbyists, think tanks, courts, and world events. There are varying theories on who truly decides the political agenda including: pluralist theory, elitist theory, and institutional theory. Each have different basic assumptions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Robert A. Dahl", "paragraph_text": "Robert Alan Dahl ( ; December 17, 1915 \u2013 February 5, 2014) was a political theorist and Sterling Professor of Political Science at Yale University. He established the pluralist theory of democracy\u2014in which political outcomes are enacted through competitive, if unequal, interest groups\u2014and introduced \"polyarchy\" as a descriptor of actual democratic governance. An originator of \"empirical theory\" and known for advancing behavioralist characterizations of political power, Dahl's research focused on the nature of decisionmaking in actual institutions, such as American cities. Dahl is considered one of the most influential political social scientists of the twentieth century, and has been described as \"the dean of American political scientists.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Pluralist school", "paragraph_text": "The Pluralist school was a school of pre-Socratic philosophers who attempted to reconcile Parmenides' rejection of change with the apparently changing world of sense experience. The school consisted of Anaxagoras, Archelaus, and Empedocles. It can also be said to have included the Atomists, Leucippus and Democritus. The Pluralists rejected the idea that the diversity of nature can be reduced to a single principle (monism). Anaxagoras posited that nature contained an innumerable number of principles, while Empedocles reduced nature to four elements (fire, air, earth, and water) which could not be reduced to one another and which would be sufficient to explain change and diversity.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Horror vacui (physics)", "paragraph_text": "In physics, horror vacui, or plenism, is commonly stated as \"Nature abhors a vacuum.\" It is a postulate attributed to Aristotle, who articulated a belief, later criticized by the atomism of Epicurus and Lucretius, that nature contains no vacuums because the denser surrounding material continuum would immediately fill the rarity of an incipient void. He also argued against the void in a more abstract sense (as \"separable\"), for example, that by definition a void, itself, is nothing, and following Plato, nothing cannot rightly be said to exist. Furthermore, in so far as it would be featureless, it could neither be encountered by the senses, nor could its supposition lend additional explanatory power. Hero of Alexandria challenged the theory in the first century CE, but his attempts to create an artificial vacuum failed. The theory was debated in the context of 17th-century fluid mechanics, by Thomas Hobbes and Robert Boyle, among others, and through the early 18th century by Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a75e06155429976ec32bc60", "question_text": "Who was the running mate of the man about whose candidacy the 2016 book Insane Clown President: Dispatches from the 2016 Circus documents?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mike Pence"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "John McCain presidential campaign, 2008", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 presidential campaign of John McCain, the longtime senior U.S. Senator from Arizona, was launched with an informal announcement on February 28, 2007 during a live taping of the \"Late Show with David Letterman\", and formally launched at an event on April 25, 2007. His second candidacy for the Presidency of the United States, he had previously run for his party's nomination in the 2000 primaries and was considered as a potential running mate for his party's nominee, then-Governor George W. Bush of Texas. After winning a majority of delegates in the Republican primaries of 2008, on August 29, leading up to the convention, McCain selected Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska as his running mate for Vice President. Five days later, at the 2008 Republican National Convention, McCain was formally selected as the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 2008 presidential election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "United States presidential election, 1996", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1996 was the 53rd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 5, 1996. The Democratic national ticket was led by incumbent President Bill Clinton, and his running mate, incumbent Vice President Al Gore. The Republican nominee for President was Bob Dole, the former Republican Leader of the United States Senate and long-time Senator from Kansas who was previously the vice-presidential running mate of President Gerald Ford in 1976, following Vice President Nelson Rockefeller's retirement from politics that year. Dole's running mate for Vice President was Jack Kemp, a former NFL football player and the Housing Secretary under George H. W. Bush. Businessman Ross Perot ran as candidate for the Reform Party with economist Pat Choate as his running mate; he received less media attention and was excluded from the presidential debates and, while still obtaining substantial results for a third-party candidate, by U.S. standards, did not renew his success of the 1992 election. Turnout was registered at 49.0%, the lowest for a presidential election since 1924.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mutilation Mix", "paragraph_text": "Mutilation Mix: Greatest Hits (That Never Were Hits) is a greatest hits album by the American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse. The album consists of excerpts of songs from the group's first three studio albums, as well as some rare, less well-known tracks. Dispersed throughout the music are several recordings of phone messages. The songs were hand picked by Insane Clown Posse. It is the 2nd compilation album and the 9th overall release by Insane Clown Posse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Insane Clown President", "paragraph_text": "Insane Clown President: Dispatches from the 2016 Circus is a non-fiction book by Matt Taibbi about Donald Trump and the 2016 United States presidential election. The book contains illustrations by \"Rolling Stone\" artist Victor Juhasz. Taibbi's choice of title for the book was motivated by Trump's marketing style. His work was inspired by Hunter S. Thompson, who had previously published \"Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bizaar", "paragraph_text": "Bizaar is the sixth studio album by Insane Clown Posse. Released on October 31, 2000, it is the first half of the \"Bizaar Bizzar\" double album, released the same day as its companion album, \"Bizzar\". It is the 14th overall release by Insane Clown Posse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "United States presidential election, 2016", "paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. In a surprise victory, the Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former First Lady, U.S. Senator of New York and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine. Trump took office as the 45th President, and Pence as the 48th Vice President, on January 20, 2017. Concurrent with the presidential election, Senate, House, and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mike E. Clark", "paragraph_text": "Mike Earl Clark is an American record producer and DJ from Detroit, Michigan. Clark is best known for his work with Insane Clown Posse, for which he has produced nine studio albums, and Kid Rock. Clark has produced solo material for Insane Clown Posse members Violent J and Shaggy 2 Dope, and contributed production to artists signed to the Psychopathic Records label founded by Insane Clown Posse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Matt Taibbi", "paragraph_text": "Matthew C. \"Matt\" Taibbi ( ; born March 2, 1970) is an American author and journalist. Taibbi has reported on politics, media, finance, and sports, and has authored several books, including \"Insane Clown President\" (2017), \"\" (2014), \"\" (2010) and \"The Great Derangement: A Terrifying True Story of War, Politics, and Religion\" (2009).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Terror Wheel", "paragraph_text": "The Terror Wheel is the second EP by American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse, released on August 5, 1994 by Psychopathic Records. It is the second \"sideshow\" entry in the group's Dark Carnival saga. The EP contains six studio tracks. \"The Dead Body Man\" which was subsequently re-released in 1995 on Insane Clown Posse's third studio album \"Riddle Box\", in a slightly higher key. \"The Dead Body Man\" received significant local radio play in Detroit following the release of \"The Terror Wheel\". The song \"The Smog\" was originally known as \"The Swarm\", and was about a deadly swarm of insects. \"The Smog\" was also intended to be released on Riddle Box. The final track on the album contains a number you could call to find out the name of the next Joker's Card, \"Riddle Box\". It is the group's 4th overall release.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Behind the Paint", "paragraph_text": "Behind the Paint is the 2003 autobiography of American hip hop artist Joseph Bruce, better known as Violent J, one half of the Detroit, Michigan hip hop group Insane Clown Posse. The book focuses on Bruce's entire life until 2002. It begins with a chronological account of his childhood, professional wrestling career, and musical career, including the conception of Insane Clown Posse's Dark Carnival mythology and the development of their fan base, known as \"Juggalos\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abf42f75542993fe9a41dee", "question_text": "which plant has the highest specie  Panicum or Populus ", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Panicum"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Panicum", "paragraph_text": "Panicum (panicgrass) is a large genus of about 450 species of grasses native throughout the tropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into the northern temperate zone. They are often large, annual or perennial grasses, growing to 1\u20133 m tall.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Panicum turgidum", "paragraph_text": "Panicum turgidum is an old world clumping desert bunchgrass of the \"Panicum\" genus. It is a plant of arid regions across Africa and Asia, and has been introduced to other parts of the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Popgenie", "paragraph_text": "Populus Genome Integrative Explorer (PopGenIE) is an integrated set of tools for exploring the genome and transcriptome of the model plant system \"Populus\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Panicum capillare", "paragraph_text": "Panicum capillare, known by the common name witchgrass, is a species of grass. It is native plant to most of North America from the East Coast through all of the West Coast and California. It can be found as an introduced species in Eurasia, and as a weed in gardens and landscaped areas. It grows in many types of habitat.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Panicum mosaic virus", "paragraph_text": "\"Panicum mosaic virus\" (PMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA viral pathogen that infects plant species in the Panicoid tribe of the grass family \"Poaceae\". The pathogen was first identified in Kansas in 1953 and most commonly causes disease on select cultivars of turf grass, switchgrass, and millet. The disease most commonly associated with the panicum mosaic virus pathogen is St. Augustine Decline Syndrome, which infects species of turf grass and causes chlorotic mottling. In addition to St. Augustine Decline, panicum mosaic virus is responsible for chlorotic streaking and mild green mosaicking in select cultivars of switchgrass and millet.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Panicum mosaic satellite virus", "paragraph_text": "Panicum mosaic satellite virus (SPMV) is a plant satellite virus. It only infects grasses which are infected by Panicum mosaic virus. One study found that 72% of \"Stenotaphrum secundatum\" (St Augustine grass) infected with panicum mosaic virus was also infected with SPMV. In addition to SPMV, many plants infected with panicum mosaic virus are also infected with satellite RNAs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Echinochloa crus-galli", "paragraph_text": "Echinochloa crus-galli is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia that was formerly classified as a type of panicum grass. It is commonly known as cockspur (or cockspur grass), barnyard millet, Japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply \"barnyard grass\" (which may refer to any species of \"Echinochloa\" or the genus as a whole however). This plant can grow to 60\" (1.5 m) in height and has long, flat leaves which are often purplish at the base. Most stems are upright, but some will spread out over the ground. Stems are flattened at the base. The seed heads are a distinctive feature, often purplish, with large millet-like seeds in crowded spikelets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Populus", "paragraph_text": "Populus is a genus of 25\u201335 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar , aspen, and cottonwood.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Panicum species", "paragraph_text": "s of July 2014 the \"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families\" recognises about 450 accepted taxa (of species and infraspecific names) in the plant genus \"Panicum\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Panicum lycopodioides", "paragraph_text": "Panicum lycopodioides, common name false club-moss panic grass or (in French) panic faux-lycopode, is endemic to the French island of R\u00e9union in the Indian Ocean. It is found at high altitudes on the island, at elevations over 2000 m (6700 feet). The highest point on the island is Piton des Neiges, 3069 m (10,230 feet). The plant requires full sun-light and a cold climate.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab91ef3554299753720f708", "question_text": "Gene Sculatti write for CREEM sometime in the 60s or 70s, what famous term did CREEM coin for describing a genre of rock?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["\"punk rock"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "White savior", "paragraph_text": "The term white savior, sometimes combined with savior complex to write white savior complex, refers to a white person who acts to help people of color, with the help in some contexts perceived to be self-serving. The role is considered a modern-day version of what is expressed in the poem \"The White Man's Burden\" (1899) by Rudyard Kipling. The term has been associated with Africa, and certain characters in film and television have been critiqued as white savior figures. Writer Teju Cole combined the term and \"industrial complex\" (derived from military-industrial complex and similarly applied elsewhere) to coin \"White Savior Industrial Complex\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Russell Rulau", "paragraph_text": "Russell Alphonse Rulau (September 21, 1926 \u2013 November 12, 2012) was an American numismatist. He was involved in coin collecting for over 60 years. From his earliest days as a casual collector, Rulau contributed to numismatics as a writer, editor and club organizer. His interest in world coins led him to create the \"Coin of the Year\" award. The award is presented annually by Krause Publications' \"World Coin News\". Rulau coined the term \"exonumia\" in 1960.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "American Gold Eagle", "paragraph_text": "The American Gold Eagle is an official gold bullion coin of the United States. Authorized under the Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, it was first released by the United States Mint in 1986. Because the term \"eagle\" also is the official United States designation for pre-1933 ten dollars gold coins, the weight of the bullion coin is typically used when describing American Gold Eagles (e.g., \"1/2-ounce American Gold Eagle\") to avoid confusion. This is particularly true with the 1/4-oz American Gold Eagle, which has a marked face value of ten dollars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dave U. Hall", "paragraph_text": "Dave U. Hall (born R.U.Hall? , in New York City) is an American musician whose musical voice is articulated by the tones of his Electric Bass guitar. He was a member of the band Birdland with Lester Bangs (Bangs, who is often cited today as \"America's Greatest Rock Critic,\" was editor for Creem magazine, musician and staff writer for the Village Voice. His character was played in the movie \"Almost Famous\") and The Rattlers (in which Hall played on their acclaimed Rattled album and CD). He has also played with other bands (and artists) including, but not limited too, Zymosis, The Makers, Luigi & the Wiseguys, Danny Russo Blues Band (Muddy Waters, Willie Dixon, Victoria Spivey, Spivey Records), Remod (with Richie Ramone), Jeff Salen (Tuff Darts, Sparks (band)), Tiger Beats, Tina Peel, Joey Ramone, Saturday Night and Sunday Morning. By the end of the punk era, Hall had a reputation for being a session and performance player for many bands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sir Lord Baltimore", "paragraph_text": "Sir Lord Baltimore was an American rock band from Brooklyn, New York, United States, formed in 1968 by lead vocalist/drummer John Garner, guitarist Louis Dambra, and bass player Gary Justin. Some have cited the 1971 review of their debut record, \"Kingdom Come\", in \"Creem\" magazine as containing the first documented use of the term \"heavy metal\" to refer to a style of music; the truth is the same reviewer used the term when reviewing a Humble Pie album in \"Rolling Stone\" six months earlier. Sir Lord Baltimore featured a drumming lead singer, traditionally a rarity in rock and metal music. The group have been called \"the godfathers of stoner rock.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Chorography", "paragraph_text": "Chorography (from \u03c7\u1ff6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \"kh\u014dros\", \"place\" and \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \"graphein\", \"to write\") is the art of describing or mapping a region or district, and by extension such a description or map. This term derives from the writings of the ancient geographer Pomponius Mela and Ptolemy, where it meant the geographical description of regions. However, its resonances of meaning have varied at different times. Richard Helgerson states that \"chorography defines itself by opposition to chronicle. It is the genre devoted to place, and chronicle is the genre devoted to time\". Darrell Rohl prefers a broad definition of \"the representation of space or place\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Punk (magazine)", "paragraph_text": "Punk was a music magazine and fanzine created by cartoonist John Holmstrom, publisher Ged Dunn, and \"resident punk\" Legs McNeil in 1975. Its use of the term \"punk rock\", coined by writers for \"Creem\" magazine a few years earlier, further popularized the term. The founders were influenced by their affection for comic books and the music of The Stooges, the New York Dolls, and The Dictators. Holmstrom later called it \"the print version of The Ramones\". It was also the first publication to popularize the CBGB scene.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mike Saunders", "paragraph_text": "Michael Earl \"Mike\" Saunders (born May 1952), also known as Metal Mike, is a rock critic and the singer of the Californian punk band Angry Samoans. He is credited with coining the music genre label \"heavy metal\" in a record review for Humble Pie's \"As Safe As Yesterday Is\" in the November 12, 1970 issue of \"Rolling Stone.\" (The original text is shown in the VH1 Classic documentary \"\" from 2007.) Six months later in 1971, he used the phrase again while reviewing Sir Lord Baltimore's first album, \"Kingdom Come\", in the pages of \"Creem\" magazine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Creem", "paragraph_text": "Creem (which is always capitalized in print as \"CREEM\" despite the magazine's nameplate appearing in mostly lower case letters), \"America's Only Rock 'n' Roll Magazine\", was a monthly rock 'n' roll publication first published in March 1969 by Barry Kramer and founding editor Tony Reay. It suspended production in 1989 but received a short-lived renaissance in the early 1990s as a glossy tabloid. Lester Bangs, often cited as \"America's Greatest Rock Critic\", became editor in 1971. The term \"punk rock\" was coined by the magazine in May 1971, in Dave Marsh's \"Looney Tunes\" column about Question Mark & the Mysterians.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gene Sculatti", "paragraph_text": "Gene Sculatti (born 1947/1948) is a music journalist who compiled and edited the book \"The Catalog of Cool\" (1982). In 1966, he became the first journalist to write about the nascent San Francisco music scene in a national magazine (\"Crawdaddy! \"). He is formerly an editorial director for Warner Bros. Records and the magazine \"Billboard\". He has also written for \"Rolling Stone\", \"Creem\", and \"Radio & Records\".", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab2c7ef554299545a2cfa73", "question_text": "When did the predecessor of The Eyes of Nye first air?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["September 10, 1993"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Eyes of Nye", "paragraph_text": "The Eyes of Nye is a science program that aired on public television in the United States in 2005 and featured Bill Nye. The show was more sophisticated than its predecessor \"Bill Nye the Science Guy\", as it was aimed more toward adults and teenagers than children. All episodes were rated TV-G, except for \"Addiction\" and \"The Evolution of Sex\", both rated TV-PG. The creation of the show was motivated by the success of the television program \"Bill Nye the Science Guy\", as well as a widespread contempt among scientists for scientific journalism in the media. The program was based in Seattle, Washington, produced by Buena Vista Television and broadcast during primetime by KCTS, the local PBS affiliate.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "First Air Flight 6560", "paragraph_text": "First Air Flight 6560 was a charter flight which crashed near Resolute, Nunavut, Canada, on 20 August 2011. Of the 15 people on board, 12 were killed, and three were injured but survived. The aircraft involved a First Air passenger-cargo convertible (combi) Boeing 737-200, which was flying within Canada, from Yellowknife Airport, Northwest Territories, to Resolute Bay Airport, Nunavut. It crashed approximately 2 km east of the Resolute Bay Airport runway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bill Nye the Science Guy", "paragraph_text": "Bill Nye the Science Guy is an American half-hour live action science program that originally aired from September 10, 1993 to June 20, 1998, and was hosted by Bill Nye. The show aired on PBS on October 10, 1994 to March 1, 1999 and was also syndicated to local stations.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "First Air", "paragraph_text": "Bradley Air Services Limited, operating as First Air, is an airline headquartered in Kanata, a suburb of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It operates services to 34 communities in Nunavut, Nunavik, and the Northwest Territories. The majority of its fleet is available for charters worldwide. First Air has assisted in various humanitarian missions such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, airlifting relief supplies and equipment. Its main base, which includes a large hangar, cargo and maintenance facility, is located at Ottawa Macdonald\u2013Cartier International Airport, with hubs at Iqaluit Airport, Rankin Inlet Airport and Yellowknife Airport.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Air 500", "paragraph_text": "Air 500 Limited was a Canadian airline. Founded in 1985 by Dennis Chadala, former Captain, director of marketing and assistant to Carl Millard, of the defunct Millardair. The company commenced operations with 1 Super Beech 18 Model E, registered C-FTAE that was purchased from Bradley First Air where it had retired from flying the dew line in Northern Canada. The Beech18 was originally purchased new by Timmins Aviation. The founder had extensive knowledge of the emergency freight business and the operation of DC3s, Super DCs and DC4 aircraft due to his position within the inner circle at Millardair. Dennis Chadala created Air 500 Limited on a shoe string, without financing and was the first airline to receive licensing and an operating certificate at Toronto's Pearson International Airport following deregulation of the aviation industry in Canada in 1985. The airline grew rapidly adding an aircraft at the pace of 1 every six months. By 1989 it had acquired almost all of the business flying ad hock charter out of Toronto for Chrysler, Ford, GM and many others formerly serviced by his former place of employment at Millardair. The young owner's extensive knowledge of this niche area of aviation enabled him to expand rapidly and capture that market segment. At the time, Air 500 was an exceptional success story operating 3 Super Beech 18 aircraft, 2 Cessna 310s, 1 DC3, 1 Super DC(C117), 1 Piper Cheyenne and 1 Mitsubishi MU2 Marquise. In the early nineties, the fleet continued to grow adding 2 more Mitsubishi MU2 aircraft, 2 Citation 500 business jets and 1 Citation 2 business jet. In 1995 the airport was privatized and came under the direction and control of the GTAA (Greater Toronto Airport Authority) and Dennis Chadala simultaneously acquired Hangar #7, the newest hangar facility at the north end of the Pearson Airport off Derry Road with 40 years remaining on the current land lease. Air 500 had contracts in the courier industry, Air Ambulance Services and Aircraft Management as well as a base of operations at the Esso Avitat in Ottawa where 2 Mitsubishi Marquise MU2 aircraft were stationed. One was flying an exclusive long term contract for Nordion (formerly Atomic Energy of Canada) flying radio active isotopes to numerous destinations in the United States for medical purposes as a well a designated charter aircraft. Hangar #7 was large enough to lease out one half the facility to Air 500 Limited and the other half to Execaire/Innotech Aviation and they remained tenants of the hangar owned by Dennis Chadala until November 1998, at which time Execaire/Innotech owned by the IMP Group out of Halifax Nova Scotia struct a deal with Dennis Chadala to purchase his hangar facility, all his aircraft and the operating airline Air 500 Limited. Dennis Chadala stayed on with the company during a short transition period that ended in February 1999. Air 500 was amalgamated into Execaire and became part of that operating group taking advantage of the synergies available to them.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of Royal Australian Air Force air marshals", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of Australians who have attained air marshal rank within the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF); that is, service personnel who have held the rank of air chief marshal (four-star rank), air marshal (three-star rank) or air vice marshal (two-star rank). The Royal Australian Air Force was established in 1921 as a separate branch of the Australian military forces. The service was modelled after the Royal Air Force\u2014formed three years earlier\u2014and adopted the same ranking system. Richard Williams, regarded as the \"father\" of the Royal Australian Air Force, was the service's first member to obtain air-officer rank on being promoted to air commodore (one-star rank) in 1927; he went on to become the first air vice marshal (1935) and air marshal (1940). In 1965, Sir Frederick Scherger became the first officer to be advanced to air chief marshal, one of only four members of the Royal Australian Air Force to obtain this rank as of June 2014. A further nineteen individuals have reached air marshal in the RAAF and 126 air vice marshal; seven officers have retired with the honorary rank of air vice marshal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John Nmadu Yisa-Doko", "paragraph_text": "Air Vice-Marshal John Nmadu Yisa-Doko, GCON, CFR (born 1942) was Nigerian Air Force's Chief of the Air Staff from 1975 to 1980. Air Vice Marshal Yisa-Doko was appointed in July 1975, he was the first Air Vice Marshal and Indigenous Chief of Air Staff of the Nigerian Air Force . He retired in April 1980.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Henry Petre", "paragraph_text": "Henry Aloysius Petre, DSO, MC (12\u00a0June 1884\u00a0\u2013 24\u00a0April 1962) was an English solicitor who became Australia's first military aviator and a founding member of the Australian Flying Corps, predecessor of the Royal Australian Air Force. Born in Essex, he forsook his early legal career to pursue an interest in aviation, building his own aeroplane and gaining employment as a designer and pilot. In 1912, he answered the Australian Defence Department's call for pilots to form an aviation school, and was commissioned a lieutenant in the Australian Military Forces. The following year, he chose the site of the country's first air base at Point Cook, Victoria, and established its inaugural training institution, the Central Flying School, with Eric Harrison.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Stayce Harris", "paragraph_text": "Stayce D. Harris is a United States Air Force Lieutenant General. She currently serves as the Assistant Vice Chief of Staff and Director, Air Staff, Headquarters, United States Air Force. She also serves as Deputy Chairman of the Air Force Council, and is the Air Force accreditation official for the international Corps of Air Attach\u00e9s. Harris' promotion is a first for African-American females, as she is the first to hold the three-star rank in the Air Force. Additionally, she is the first Air Force Reservist to be promoted to the three-star rank other than the Commander, Air Force Reserve Command. Prior to her current assignment Harris was Commander, Twenty-Second Air Force.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "George G. Finch", "paragraph_text": "Maj. Gen. George G. Finch became the Senior Leader of the US Air National Guard; (Chief of the Air Division National Guard Bureau) (1948-1950) In June 1953 it was reported that Gen. Mark W. Clark would retire and be replaced by Maj. Gen George G. Finch on the UN command delegation to the Korean armistice talks George G. Finch, born April 11, 1902 in Dade City, Florida, is considered one of the pioneers in United States aviation history. He began his military career during World War 1, enlisting in the Aviation Section of the Army's Signal Corps in 1918. He remained in the Reserve Corps after the war, and in 1926, became Commander, 27th Pursuit Squadron, 1st Pursuit Group. In 1940, Georgia Governor Ed Rivers commissioned him to form the first flying unit of the Georgia Air National Guard. The unit was mobilized into the U.S. Army in September, 1941, with Major Finch as commander. After World War II, he was a leading critic of efforts to eliminate the air arm of the National Guard during peacetime. General Finch gained the respect and admiration of Air National Guardsmen throughout the nation with his steadfast support and successful efforts to preserve the Air Guard. He became the first Chief of the Air Force Division of the National Guard Bureau in 1948. Under his leadership, the Air National Guard built to combat readiness and was among the first components called into service after the outbreak of the Korean War. As a result of General Finch's vision and perseverance, 45,000 highly trained officers and airmen of 22 wings and 65 squadrons gave the Air Force the strength it needed in the early, critical phases of the Communist drive down the Korean peninsula.General Finch served as the senior Air Force member of the United Nations negotiating team at the peace talks at Panmunjom, Korea, and received the Legion of Merit for outstanding service in 1955; General Finch assumed command of Fourteenth Air Force, Robins AFB, Georgia, becoming the nation's first Air National Guardsman to head a numbered air force. General Finch had a career of \"firsts\" including the US Army's first night landing with a single, five-million-candlepower floodlight in 1927. He also established and endowed the General John P. McConnell Award at the United States Air Force Academy. Considered by many as the father of the strong, independent Air National Guard existing today, General Finch retired in 1957. No man has had greater impact on the Air Force Reserve and National Guard than has General George G. Finch.A graduate of the University of Georgia and a member of the Georgia Bar, General Finch was enshrined in the Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame May 18, 1996.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abf931f5542990832d3a158", "question_text": "When was the movie adaption of Jennifer Weiner's novel \"In Her Shoes\" released?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["2005"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Caitlin Stasey", "paragraph_text": "Caitlin Jean Stasey (born 1 May 1990) is an Australian actress. She is known for her role as Rachel Kinski in \"Neighbours\". Previously she played Francesca Thomas in \"The Sleepover Club\", although her breakthrough movie role came in \"Tomorrow, When the War Began\", a 2010 movie adaption of the teen novel of the same name in which she played lead protagonist Ellie Linton. She also played Lady Kenna in the American series \"Reign\" from 2013 to 2015 and had a recurring role in the ABC2 series \"Please Like Me\" from 2013 to 2016. In 2017 Stasey starred as Ada on the Fox television drama \"APB\", which was cancelled after one season in May 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Good in Bed", "paragraph_text": "Good In Bed is the debut novel of Jennifer Weiner. It tells the story of an overweight Jewish female journalist, her love and work life and her emotional abuse issues with her father. The novel was a \"New York Times\" Best Seller. Aspects of the plot were inspired by Weiner's own life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "My Girlfriend's a Geek", "paragraph_text": "My Girlfriend's a Geek (\u8150\u5973\u5b50\u5f7c\u5973\u3002 , Fujoshi Kanojo. ) is a Japanese light novel series in two volumes by Pentabu based on a popular blog of the same name with 11 million page views. A manga adaptation by Rize Shinba started serialization in 2007 and was published by Enterbrain under their \"B's LOG Comics\" imprint. A movie adaption was published in 2009 with \"My Geeky Girlfriend\" as the International English title. Both the light novel and manga have been licensed for release by Yen Press.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "In Her Shoes (novel)", "paragraph_text": "In Her Shoes (2002) is a work of Jewish American literature by Jennifer Weiner. It tells the story of two sisters and their estranged grandmother. The novel was a \"New York Times\" bestseller. The two sisters happen to wear the same size shoes - the only common ground that they have besides a mutual hatred of their step-mother.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Clint de Ganon", "paragraph_text": "Clint de Ganon is an American drummer and percussionist from Hastings, New York. Clint has played in many Broadway hits including Hairspray and Footloose - writing the drum score for both. He was also the drummer for the movie adaption of Hairspray. Currently, Clint can be found at the Stephen Sondheim Theatre where he is the drummer for Broadway musical .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Farhad Mann", "paragraph_text": "Farhad Mann is a Canadian-American director, and screenwriter of film, television and commercials. He directed the feature film, \"Fighting for Freedom\", starring Kristanna Loken, Jose Maria Yazpik, Patricia De Leon, and Academy Award nominee and Emmy nominee, Bruce Dern. He also wrote and directed \"\" (1996) for New Line Cinema and his pilot \"Max Headroom\" (1987) ABC won several Emmy's. He directed the critically acclaimed TV movie adaption of Dean Koontz's best-selling novel, The Face of Fear, the Dean Koontz best-selling novel. The next pilot he directed, \"Nick Knight\", which became the long-running \"Forever Knight\", was picked up by CBS.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mansfield Park (1983 TV serial)", "paragraph_text": "Mansfield Park is a 1983 British television drama serial, made by the BBC, and adapted from Jane Austen's novel of the same name, originally published in 1814. The serial was the first screen adaptation of the novel. Contrary to Patricia Rozema's later movie adaption, it is faithful to Jane Austen's novel. Jonny Lee Miller, who has a small role as Charles Price in this serial, played Edmund Bertram in the aforementioned film version of the novel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Abraham Whistler", "paragraph_text": "Abraham Whistler is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe. He is a vampire hunter and the mentor of Blade. Screenwriter David S. Goyer created him for the 1998 film \"Blade\" (in which the part was played by Kris Kristofferson), but he first appeared on screen in \"Spider-Man: The Animated Series\" where he was voiced by Malcolm McDowell and later by Oliver Muirhead. In 2006, Abraham Whistler appeared in the television show \"\". He shares many traits and is partially inspired by the character Jamal Afari. His first appearance in a comic can be found in the comic book movie adaption of the Blade II movie, but his face is also seen on 2 covers of the Max imprint Blade comic from Marvel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jennifer Weiner", "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Weiner (born March 28, 1970) is an American writer, television producer, and former journalist. She is based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her debut novel, published in 2001, was \"Good in Bed\". Her novel \"In Her Shoes\" (2002) was made into a movie starring Cameron Diaz, Toni Collette, and Shirley MacLaine.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "In Her Shoes (film)", "paragraph_text": "In Her Shoes is a 2005 American comedy-drama film based on the novel of the same name by Jennifer Weiner. It is directed by Curtis Hanson with an adapted screenplay by Susannah Grant and stars Cameron Diaz, Toni Collette, and Shirley MacLaine. The film focuses on the relationship between two sisters and their grandmother.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac45b23554299204fd21f31", "question_text": "The 1994 \"The Shadow\" co-stars Lone, Penelope Ann Miller, Peter Boyle, Jonathan Winters, Tim Curry and an actor that has received how many Emmy Award nominations?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["five"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Robert Lesser", "paragraph_text": "Robert Lesser or Bobby Lesser (born October 22, 1942) is an American actor born in New York City and now living in Santa Barbara, California. His earliest work dates back to 1967 with \"David Holzman's Diary\", directed by Jim McBride. His latest movies include the Japanese film \"Best Wishes for Tomorrow\" and post-production \"Painting in the Rain\". Lesser has worked with Bruce Willis, Ed Harris, Alan Arkin, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Matthew Broderick, Dennis Quaid, Penelope Ann Miller, and Richard Mulligan. He is well known in the Santa Barbara theater community.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dead Bang", "paragraph_text": "Dead Bang is a 1989 American action film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Don Johnson. Johnson's character, based on real-life LASD Detective Jerry Beck, tracks the killer of a Los Angeles County Sheriff's Deputy and uncovers a plot involving hate literature, white supremacist militias and arms trafficking. The cast also includes Penelope Ann Miller, William Forsythe, Tim Reid, Bob Balaban, and Michael Jeter. Filmed in Calgary, Alberta.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Relic (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Relic is a 1997 science fiction-horror film directed by Peter Hyams and based on the best-selling novel \"Relic\" by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child. The film stars Penelope Ann Miller, Tom Sizemore, and Linda Hunt. The original music score was composed by John Debney.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Shadow (1994 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Shadow is a 1994 American superhero film from Universal Pictures, produced by Martin Bregman, Willi Bear, and Michael Scott Bregman, directed by Russell Mulcahy, that stars Alec Baldwin. The film co-stars John Lone, Penelope Ann Miller, Ian McKellen, Peter Boyle, Jonathan Winters, and Tim Curry. It is based on the pulp fiction character of the same name created by Walter B. Gibson in 1931.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Robosapien: Rebooted", "paragraph_text": "Robosapien: Rebooted is a 2013 American family drama film starring Bobby Coleman, Holliston Coleman, Penelope Ann Miller, David Eigenberg, Joaquim de Almeida, Kim Coates, Jae Head and Peter Jason, produced by Arad Productions Inc., Arc Productions, Crystal Sky Pictures and Brookwell McNamara Entertainment and distributed by Anchor Bay Films and TVA Films. It is based on the toy Robosapien.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Penny Fuller", "paragraph_text": "Penelope Ann \"Penny\" Fuller (born July 21, 1940) is an American actress. She received two Tony Award nominations for her performances on Broadway stage: for \"Applause\" (1970), and \"The Dinner Party\" (2001). For her television performances, Fuller received six Emmy Award nominations, winning once, in 1982 for playing Madge Kendal in \"The Elephant Man\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Other People's Money", "paragraph_text": "Other People's Money is a 1991 American comedy-drama film starring Danny DeVito, Gregory Peck and Penelope Ann Miller. It was based on the play of the same name by Jerry Sterner. The film adaptation was directed by award winner Norman Jewison, and written by Alvin Sargent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Penelope Ann Miller", "paragraph_text": "Penelope Ann Miller (born Penelope Andrea Miller; January 13, 1964), sometimes credited as Penelope Miller, is an American actress. She began her career on Broadway in the 1985 original production of \"Biloxi Blues\" and went on to receive a Tony Award nomination for the 1989 revival of \"Our Town\". She has starred in several major Hollywood films, particularly in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including \"Adventures in Babysitting\" (1987), \"Biloxi Blues\" (1988), \"Big Top Pee-wee\" (1988), \"The Freshman\" (1990), \"Awakenings\" (1990), \"Kindergarten Cop\" (1990), \"Other People's Money\" (1991), \"Year of the Comet\" (1992), and \"Carlito's Way\" (1993), for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination. She returned to Broadway in the 1995 original stage production of \"On the Waterfront\". Her other films include a starring role in \"The Relic\" (1997) and supporting roles in \"Chaplin\" (1992), \"Along Came a Spider\" (2001) and \"The Artist\" (2011).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ian McKellen", "paragraph_text": "Sir Ian Murray McKellen, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (born 25 May 1939) is an English actor. He is the recipient of six Laurence Olivier Awards, a Tony Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BIF Award, two Saturn Awards, four Drama Desk Awards, and two Critics' Choice Awards. He has also received two Oscar nominations, four BAFTA nominations and five Emmy Award nominations.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tim Schlattmann", "paragraph_text": "Tim Schlattmann is a three-time Emmy award nominee. Nebraska born and raised, this former disc jockey and college professor's writing credits include ABC's number one hit \"Roseanne\", Fox's \"Get Real\", the WB's \"Smallville\", the feature \"\", and most recently critically acclaimed \"Dexter\" for Showtime. In 2007, he garnered two Writers Guild of America award nominations: one for best dramatic series and an individual nod for his episode of \"Dexter\" entitled \"The Dark Defender\". That same year, \"Dexter\" was also nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe in the best dramatic series category and received the prestigious Peabody Award. The following year, the \"Dexter\" writing staff was once again nominated in the best dramatic series category by the Writers Guild of America and the show was again nominated for an Emmy for best dramatic series, earning Tim his first Emmy nomination as a producer. 2009 and 2010 brought Tim and the \"Dexter\" writing staff Writers Guild of America, Emmy and Golden Globe nominations once again, and 2011 saw another Emmy nomination for \"Dexter\" in the best dramatic series category. As an Executive Producer since 2012, Tim Schlattmann recently completed the eighth and final season of \"Dexter\" and authored \"\", an ongoing web series for Showtime. He has currently served as an Executive Producer on CBS's \"Under The Dome\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8aeadc55429950cd6afbe0", "question_text": "What date in 2010 was a South Korean film starring  Kim Hyang-gi released?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["January 14, 2010"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Thread of Lies", "paragraph_text": "Thread of Lies (; lit. Elegant Lies) is a 2014 South Korean film based on the 2009 bestselling novel \"Elegant Lies\" by Kim Ryeo-ryeong. Directed by Lee Han, it starred Kim Hee-ae (in her first film in 21 years), Go Ah-sung, Kim Hyang-gi and Kim Yoo-jung.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Le Grand Chef 2: Kimchi Battle", "paragraph_text": "Le Grand Chef 2: Kimchi Battle (, also known as Le Grand Chef 2: Kimchi Wars) is a 2010 South Korean film starring Kim Jung-eun and Jin Goo. It was released on January 28, 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Wedding Dress (film)", "paragraph_text": "Wedding Dress is a South Korean drama film, released on January 14, 2010.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Cherry Tomato (film)", "paragraph_text": "Cherry Tomato () is a 2008 South Korean film starring Shin Goo and Kim Hyang-gi. The family drama, a directorial debut by Jung Young-bae, depicts the poverty-stricken life of an old man and his granddaughter that evokes a strong sense of sympathy and helplessness. It was screened at the Busan Children\u2019s Film Festival in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Detective K: Secret of the Virtuous Widow", "paragraph_text": "Detective K: Secret of the Virtuous Widow () is a 2011 South Korean film based on the novel by Kim Tak-hwan, starring Kim Myung-min in the lead role. It was the 4th best selling Korean film of 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Along with the Gods - Part 1", "paragraph_text": "Along With The Gods \u2013 Part 1 () is an upcoming South Korean fantasy drama film based on a webcomic of the same name. The film will be released in two parts, and stars Ha Jung-woo, Cha Tae-hyun, Ju Ji-hoon, Lee Jung-jae, Do Kyung-soo and Kim Hyang-gi. The first part of the film will be released on December 20, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Railroad", "paragraph_text": "The Railroad () is a 2006 South Korean film starring Kim Kang-woo and Son Tae-young. The second feature film of writer and director Park Heung-sik, it was also co-produced and co-edited by his wife, Park Gok-ji. \"The Railroad\" won the FIPRESCI award and Best Actor for Kim Kang-woo at the 25th Torino Film Festival. The name is taken from the Gyeongui Line.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Eleventh Mom", "paragraph_text": "Eleventh Mom (; also known as My 11th Mother) is a 2007 South Korean film starring Kim Hye-soo, Kim Young-chan and Ryu Seung-ryong. It was released on November 29, 2007 and attracted 350,204 admissions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Between Love and Hate", "paragraph_text": "Between Love and Hate (also known as The Unbearable Lightness of Dating) is a 2006 South Korean film starring Kim Seung-woo and Jang Jin-young, and is the directorial debut of screenwriter Kim Hae-gon. Jang's performance won her Best Actress at the 2006 Korean Film Awards. This would be Jang Jin-young's final film before her death almost 3 years later.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kim Hyang-gi", "paragraph_text": "Kim Hyang-gi (born August 9, 2000) is a South Korean actress. Kim began her career as a child actress, and has starred in films and television series such as \"Wedding Dress\" (2010), \"The Queen's Classroom\" (2013), \"Thread of Lies\" (2014) and \"Snowy Road\" (2017).", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5addfc425542997dc7907101", "question_text": " Force India VJM10 is a Formula One racing car previous driven by Nico H\u00fclkenberg, and is now driven by which driver born 17 September 1996?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Esteban Ocon"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Force India VJM09", "paragraph_text": "The Force India VJM09 is a Formula One racing car designed by Force India to compete in the 2016 Formula One season. The car was driven by Le Mans winner Nico H\u00fclkenberg and Sergio P\u00e9rez, and used the Mercedes PU106C Hybrid power unit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Renault R.S.17", "paragraph_text": "The Renault R.S.17 is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by the Renault Sport Formula One Team to compete during the 2017 Formula One season. The car is driven by Nico H\u00fclkenberg and Jolyon Palmer. H\u00fclkenberg joined the team after Kevin Magnussen left the team at the end of the season. It made its competitive d\u00e9but at the 2017 Australian Grand Prix. Renault R.S.17 was the first car to be fueled by BP and lubricated by Castrol since Marussia MR02 car despite Cosworth had a technical relationship with BP-Castrol.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Force India VJM05", "paragraph_text": "The Force India VJM05 is a Formula One racing car designed by Sahara Force India F1 Team for use in the 2012 Formula One season. The car was launched on 3 February at Silverstone. It was driven by Paul di Resta, and Nico H\u00fclkenberg who returned to the sport after spending one year as Force India's test and reserve driver.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Force India VJM08", "paragraph_text": "The Force India VJM08 is a Formula One racing car which Force India used to compete in the 2015 Formula One season. It was driven by Sergio P\u00e9rez and Le Mans winner Nico H\u00fclkenberg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Force India VJM10", "paragraph_text": "The Force India VJM10 is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Force India to compete during the 2017 Formula One season. The car is driven by Sergio P\u00e9rez and Esteban Ocon, who joined the team after Nico H\u00fclkenberg left the team at the end of the season. It made its competitive d\u00e9but at the 2017 Australian Grand Prix.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Esteban Ocon", "paragraph_text": "Esteban Ocon (born 17 September 1996) is a French racing driver who currently drives in Formula One for Force India. He made his Formula One debut for Manor Racing in the 2016 Belgian Grand Prix, replacing Rio Haryanto. Ocon is part of the Mercedes-Benz driver development programme.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sauber C32", "paragraph_text": "The Sauber C32 was a Formula One racing car designed and built by the Sauber team for use in the 2013 Formula One season. It was driven by Esteban Guti\u00e9rrez in his Formula One debut alongside Nico H\u00fclkenberg, who joined the team after racing for Force India in 2012. The car was launched on 2 February 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Force India VJM04", "paragraph_text": "The Force India VJM04 is a Formula One racing car developed by Force India for the 2011 Formula One season, the fourth car the team has made since entering the sport in 2008. The car was driven by long-time Force India driver Adrian Sutil and 2010 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters champion Paul di Resta. The car was launched online on 8 February 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sauber C33", "paragraph_text": "The Sauber C33 is a Formula One racing car designed by Sauber to compete in the 2014 Formula One season. It was driven by Esteban Guti\u00e9rrez and Adrian Sutil, who joined the team after Nico H\u00fclkenberg returned to Force India. The C33 was designed to use Ferrari's new 1.6-litre V6 turbocharged engine, the 059/3.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Force India VJM07", "paragraph_text": "The Force India VJM07 is a Formula One racing car designed by Force India to compete in the 2014 Formula One season. It was driven by Nico H\u00fclkenberg, who returned to the team after racing for Sauber in 2013, and Sergio P\u00e9rez, who joined the team after leaving McLaren. The VJM07 was designed to use Mercedes' new 1.6-litre V6 turbocharged engine, the PU106A Hybrid.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab430f655429942dd415eca", "question_text": "\"The Chance of a Lunchtime\" is an episode of a BBC sitcom writtem by who?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["John Sullivan"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rageh Omaar", "paragraph_text": "Rageh Omaar ( ; Somali: \"Raage Oomaar\" , Arabic: \u200e \u200e ; born 19 July 1967) is a Somali-born British journalist and writer. He was a BBC world affairs correspondent, where he made his name reporting from Iraq. In September 2006, he moved to a new post at Al Jazeera English, where he presented the nightly weekday documentary series \"Witness\" until January 2010. \"The Rageh Omaar Report\", first aired February 2010, is a one-hour, monthly investigative documentary in which he reports on international current affairs stories. From January 2013, he became a special correspondent and presenter for ITV News, reporting on a broad range of news stories, as well as producing special in-depth reports from all around the UK and further afield. A year after his appointment, Omaar was promoted to International Affairs Editor for ITV News. Since October 2015, alongside his duties as International Affairs Editor, he has been a Deputy Newscaster of ITV News at Ten. Since September 2017 Ommar has occasionally presented the ITV Lunchtime News \"including the ITV News London Lunchtime Bulletin\" and the ITV Evening News.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Chance of a Lunchtime", "paragraph_text": "\"The Chance of a Lunchtime\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the second episode of series 7, and first broadcast on 6 January 1991. In the episode, Raquel auditions for a role in a Shakespeare play. Elsewhere, Del tries to sell musical national anthem doorbells.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "BBC Radio 3 New Generation Artists scheme", "paragraph_text": "BBC Radio 3 New Generation Artists scheme (also known as the NGA scheme) was launched in 1999 by Adam Gatehouse as part of the BBC's commitment to young musical talent. Each autumn six or seven young artists at the beginning of careers on the national and international music scenes join the scheme for a two-year period. Since 2006 a jazz artist has also been invited every other year. The artists are given performance opportunities, including Radio 3 studio recordings, appearances and recordings with the BBC Orchestras and appearances at several music festivals, including the Cheltenham International Festival and the BBC Proms. They also regularly appear at the Edinburgh Festival, Aldeburgh Festival, East Neuk Festival, Gregynog Festival, Lufthansa Festival of Baroque Music and the York Early Music Festival. Artists also appear at London's Wigmore Hall in the Radio 3 Lunchtime Concert series, as well as at The Sage Gateshead and other UK concert venues UK.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Three Men, a Woman and a Baby", "paragraph_text": "\"Three Men, a Woman and a Baby\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the final episode of series 7, and was first broadcast on 3 February 1991. This is the last episode of the last regular series, although Christmas specials were broadcast intermittently until 2003. In this episode, the birth of Del and Raquel's baby is imminent. Damien Trotter appears in the show for the first time in the episode's finale.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Only Fools and Horses", "paragraph_text": "Only Fools and Horses is a British television sitcom created and written by John Sullivan. Seven series were originally broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1991, with sixteen sporadic Christmas specials aired until the end of the show in 2003. Episodes are regularly repeated on UKTV comedy channel Gold, Yesterday and occasionally repeated on BBC One.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Time on Our Hands", "paragraph_text": "\"Time on Our Hands\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the final episode of the 1996 Christmas trilogy and the fifteenth Christmas special, It was first screened on 29 December 1996. It attracted a television audience of 24.3 million, a record for a British sitcom. In the episode, the Trotters finally become millionaires and Del decides to invest in the futures market.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The World at One", "paragraph_text": "The World at One, or WATO (\"what-oh\") for short, is BBC Radio 4's long-running lunchtime news and current affairs programme, which is currently broadcast from 1.00 pm to 1.45 pm from Monday to Friday. The programme describes itself as \"Britain's leading political programme. With a reputation for rigorous and original investigation, it is required listening in Westminster\". Because of the programme's nature it is often agenda setting, with interviews leading the headlines from lunchtime through to early evening.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "A Losing Streak", "paragraph_text": "\"A Losing Streak\" is the third episode of series 2 of the BBC sitcom, \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was first broadcast on 4 November 1982. The episode title was a pun on the term \"winning streak\". In the episode, Del Boy plays a high-stakes game of poker with Boycie. Also, this is the only episode in the series in which Boycie serves as an antagonist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "I Done It My Way", "paragraph_text": "\"I Done It My Way\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, \"The Green Green Grass\". It aired on 19 February 2009, as the seventh episode of the fourth series. This episode acted as a \u2018clip show\u2019 for both \"Only Fools and Horses\" and \"The Green Green Grass\". In total, the episode contained around forty clips, some of which were made specially for this episode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "BBC News at One", "paragraph_text": "The BBC News at One is the afternoon/lunchtime news bulletin from the BBC. Produced by BBC News, the programme is broadcast on BBC One and the BBC News channel every weekday at 1:00pm. The programme is usually presented by Sophie Raworth every Monday to Thursday and Kate Silverton on Friday.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abc23c45542993a06baf896", "question_text": "Which region of Austria means 'Estate of the Salt Chamber' and covers the village of Obertraun, a popular destination for skiing and snowboarding in the winter?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Salzkammergut"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Estate jewelry", "paragraph_text": "Estate Jewelry (or jewellery) is a term used, most commonly in a retail sense, to refer to jewelry and often timepieces which are part of the \u2018estate\u2019 of a deceased person. More correctly estate jewelry is second-hand or pre-owned jewelry, with the \u2018estate\u2019 appellation signifying that the item is antique, vintage or an otherwise considered a significant or important piece.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Snowboarding is a sport at the Winter Olympic Games. It was first included in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic program between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event. In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side of a semi-circular ditch to the other. Canadian Ross Rebagliati won the men's giant slalom and became the first athlete to win a gold medal in snowboarding. Rebagliati was briefly stripped of his medal by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) after testing positive for marijuana. However, the IOC's decision was reverted following an appeal from the Canadian Olympic Association. For the 2002 Winter Olympics, giant slalom was expanded to add head-to-head racing and was renamed parallel giant slalom. In 2006, a third event, the snowboard cross, was held for the first time. In this event, competitors race against each other down a course with jumps, beams and other obstacles. On July 11, 2011, the International Olympic Committee's Executive Board approved the addition of Ski and Snowboard Slopestyle to the Winter Olympics roster of events, effective in 2014. The decision was announced via press conference from the IOC's meeting in Durban, South Africa. A fifth event, parallel slalom, was added be in 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Snowkiting", "paragraph_text": "Snowkiting or Kite skiing is an outdoor winter sport where people use kite power to glide on snow or ice. The skier uses a kite to give them power over large jumps. The sport is similar to water-based kiteboarding, but with the footwear used in snowboarding or skiing. The principes of using the kite is the same, but in different terrain. In the early days of snowkiting, foil kites were the most common type; nowadays many kiteboarders use inflatable kites. However, since 2013, newly developed racing foil kites seem to dominate speed races and expedition races, like Red Bull Ragnarok (held on the Norwegian Hardangervidda plateau) and the Vake mini-expedition race (held at Norway's most northern Varanger peninsula). Snowkiting differs from other alpine sports in that it is possible for the snowkiter to travel uphill and downhill with any wind direction. Like kiteboarding, snowkiting can be very hazardous and should be learned and practiced with care. Snowkiting is becoming increasingly popular in places often associated with skiing and snowboarding, such as Russia, Canada, Iceland, France, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Sweden and the Northern and Central United States. The sport is becoming more diverse as adventurers use kites to travel great distances and sports enthusiasts push the boundaries of freestyle, big air, speed and back country exploration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Salzkammergut", "paragraph_text": "The Salzkammergut is a resort area located in Austria. It stretches from the City of Salzburg eastwards along the Austrian Alpine Foreland and the Northern Limestone Alps to the peaks of the Dachstein Mountains, spanning the federal states of Upper Austria, Salzburg, and Styria. The main river of the region is the Traun, a right tributary of the Danube. The name \"Salzkammergut\" literally means \"Estate of the Salt Chamber\" and derives from the Imperial Salt Chamber, the authority charged with running the precious salt mines of the Habsburg Monarchy. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Aspen/Snowmass", "paragraph_text": "Aspen Snowmass is a winter resort complex located in Pitkin County in western Colorado in the United States. Owned and operated by the Aspen Skiing Company it comprises four skiing/snowboarding areas on four adjacent mountains in the vicinity of the towns of Aspen and Snowmass Village. The four areas collectively form one of the most famous winter resorts in the world and are annually the destination for visitors from all over the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Crystal Mountain (British Columbia)", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Mountain Resort was a small day-use ski area near West Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. It has two chairlifts and one surface lift: a GMD Mueller doublechair, a Leitner-Poma triplechair, and a Doppelmayr T-bar. The ski area has 30 designated groomed runs and the resort also has many different tree trails and some glades. Despite the smaller size of the resort, which is considerably smaller than neighbouring resorts such as Big White Ski Resort and Silver Star Mountain Resort, the mountain is of good size and is a popular destination for both experienced and first-time skiers, snowboarders and snowshoers. Despite the lower elevation, the resort receives heavy snowfall each year with many powder days throughout the winter season. It was long known as Last Mountain Ski Resort but has since changed its name to Crystal Mountain Resort in 1992. Crystal Mountain Resort offers lessons for skiing and snowboarding as well as offering rentals for snowshoeing. It has not been in operation since 2014 due to a lift malfunction of the Blue doublechair.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bromley Mountain", "paragraph_text": "Bromley Mountain is located in southern Vermont, United States and is part of the Green Mountains. It is located in Bennington County, seven miles (11\u00a0km) east of Manchester, Vermont and just west of Peru, Vermont. It is a popular destination for skiing and snowboarding.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Obertraun", "paragraph_text": "Obertraun, Upper Austria is a village in the Salzkammergut, a region in Austria. It is located near the Hallst\u00e4tter See (Hallstatt Lake) and Hoher Dachstein. Obertraun is a popular holiday destination offering activities such as skiing, snowboarding in the winter and mountain biking, swimming and kayaking in the summer.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Olympic medalists in snowboarding", "paragraph_text": "Snowboarding is a sport that has been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic programme between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event. In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side of a semi-circular ditch to the other. Canadian Ross Rebagliati won the men's giant slalom and became the first athlete to win a gold medal in snowboarding. Rebagliati was briefly stripped of his medal by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) after testing positive for marijuana. However, the IOC's decision was reverted following an appeal from the Canadian Olympic Association. For the 2002 Winter Olympics, the giant slalom was dropped in favour of the parallel giant slalom, an event that involves head-to-head racing. In 2006, a third event, the snowboard cross, was held for the first time. In this event, competitors race against each other down a course with jumps, beams and other obstacles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Front Range", "paragraph_text": "The Front Range is a mountain range of the Southern Rocky Mountains of North America located in the central portion of the U.S. State of Colorado, and southeastern portion of the U.S. State of Wyoming. It is the first mountain range encountered moving west along the 40th parallel north across the Great Plains of North America. The Front Range runs north-south between Casper, Wyoming and Pueblo, Colorado and rises nearly 10,000 feet above the Great Plains. Longs Peak, Mount Evans, and Pikes Peak are its most prominent peaks, visible from the Interstate 25 corridor. The area is a popular destination for mountain biking, hiking, climbing, and camping during the warmer months and for skiing and snowboarding during winter. Millions of years ago the present-day Front Range was home to ancient mountain ranges, deserts, beaches, and even oceans.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab865235542992aa3b8c8db", "question_text": " Lucas da Silva Carvalho was an unused reserve runner for a Brazilian athletics track event which at top class events is run in lanes for the first what?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["500 metres"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "4 \u00d7 100 metres relay", "paragraph_text": "The 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100\u00a0metres relay or sprint relay is an athletics track event run in lanes over one lap of the track with four runners completing 100\u00a0metres each. The first runners must begin in the same stagger as for the individual 400\u00a0m race. A relay baton is carried by each runner and must be passed within a 20\u00a0m changeover box (usually marked by yellow lines) which extends 10\u00a0m on either side of each 100\u00a0m mark of the race. Another line is marked 10\u00a0m farther back, marking the earliest point at which the outgoing runner may begin (giving up to 10\u00a0m of acceleration before entering the passing zone).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Daniel Carvalho", "paragraph_text": "Daniel da Silva Carvalho (born 1 March 1983 in Jaguar\u00e3o, Rio Grande do Sul), more commonly known as Daniel Carvalho, is a Brazilian football attacking midfielder for Goi\u00e1s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "4 \u00d7 400 metres relay", "paragraph_text": "The 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0400\u00a0metres relay or long relay is an athletics track event in which teams consist of four runners who each complete 400\u00a0metres or one lap. It is traditionally the final event of a track meet. At top class events, the first 500\u00a0metres is run in lanes. Start lines are thus staggered over a greater distance than in an individual 400\u00a0metres race; the runners then typically move to the inside of the track.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Albadilon da Silva Carvalho", "paragraph_text": "Albadilon da Silva Carvalho or simply Da Silva (born July 6, 1984 in Londrina), is a Brazilian footballer, currently playing as a central defender for Princesa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Lucas Mineiro", "paragraph_text": "Lucas da Silva Izidoro (born 24 February 1996), known as Lucas Mineiro or simply Lucas, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Chapecoense.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lucas Carvalho", "paragraph_text": "Lucas da Silva Carvalho (born 16 July 1993) is a Brazilian sprinter specialising in the 400 metres. He represented his country at the 2017 World Championships without qualifying for the semifinals. He was also an unused reserve runner for the Brazilian 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay at the 2016 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lucas Silva (footballer, born 1980)", "paragraph_text": "Lucas da Silva Lucas known as Lucas Silva or just Lucas (born 25 November 1980) is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Nacional (AM).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Marisa Let\u00edcia Lula da Silva", "paragraph_text": "Marisa Let\u00edcia Lula da Silva (n\u00e9e Rocco Casa; S\u00e3o Bernardo do Campo, 7 April 1950 \u2013 S\u00e3o Paulo, 3 February 2017) was the second wife of former President of Brazil, Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva, and First Lady of Brazil from 2003 to 2010. Lula's first wife, Maria de Lourdes da Silva, died in labour when Lula was in his twenties. And Marisa'a first spouse, Marcos Cl\u00e1udio da Silva, died in 1971. On January 24, 2017 Marisa Let\u00edcia suffered a stroke. She died on February 3, 10 days later at the age of 66 in S\u00edrio-Liban\u00eas Hospital. President Michel Temer declared three days of official mourning. She was cremated the next day. Her ashes were interred in the Cemit\u00e9rio Jardim da Colina, in her native S\u00e3o Bernardo do Campo, S\u00e3o Paulo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jheimy", "paragraph_text": "Jheimy da Silva Carvalho (Jacund\u00e1, August 6, 1988), is a Brazilian footballer who acts as a striker. Currently plays for Oeste on loan from Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Artur Zaczek", "paragraph_text": "Artur Zaczek (born 28 February 1989) is a Polish athlete specialising in the sprinting events. He won a bronze medal in the 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay at the 2009 European U23 Championships in addition to three medals won in the same event at the Summer Universiades between 2009 and 2015. He was also an unused reserve runner at the 2012 Summer Olympics, as well as the 2011 and 2013 World Championships.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7140585542994082a3e6fa", "question_text": "Seal Harris was born in what county?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Polk County"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jeremy Harris", "paragraph_text": "Jeremy Harris (born December 7, 1950) is an American politician who served as Mayor of Honolulu from 1994 to 2004. A biologist by training, Harris started his political career as a delegate to the 1978 Hawai'i State Constitutional Convention. As chief executive of the City & County of Honolulu, the city was named \"America's Greatest City\" by the official American governance journal, \"Governing Magazine\". Harris is the founder of the \"China-U.S. Conference of Mayors and Business Leaders\" and \"Japan-American Conference of Mayors and Chamber of Commerce Presidents\". He is married to Ramona Sachiko Akui Harris and lives in Kalihi Valley on the Island of O'ahu.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hyattsville Armory", "paragraph_text": "The Hyattsville Armory is a historic National Guard armory built in 1918 and located in Hyattsville, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It was the first Armory built in Prince George's County and the fifth in Maryland. Its architect, Robert Lawrence Harris, served as State Architect under Governor Albert C. Ritchie. In this capacity, Harris supervised the design of similar armories in Salisbury, Kensington, Silver Spring, Hagerstown, Laurel, Easton, Crisfield, Pocomoke City, Centreville, and Cumberland. The structure is distinctly fortresslike and offers a commanding view of the surrounding area. The building is patterned after a medieval English castle and built of native stone, with rectangular turrets flanking the arched limestone entranceway. Carved above the entry is the State Seal of Maryland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bob Carter (cricketer, born 1937)", "paragraph_text": "Robert George Mallaby Carter (born 11 July 1937), known as Bob, is a former English cricketer who played first-class and List A cricket for Worcestershire. He was capped by the county in 1965, and was awarded a benefit season in 1973, which raised about \u00a37,000. All but two of his 523 first-class wickets came for Worcestershire; the others were obtained for MCC in the very last game of his career. Carter\u2019s batting was generally extremely poor, as evidenced by his career batting average of under five in both forms of the game, although he did play one significant \u2013 if ultimately fruitless \u2013 innings. In the 1963 Gillette Cup final against Sussex at Lord's, he came to the wicket with Worcestershire 133/9, needing 35 runs to win. In fading light, he and wicket-keeper Roy Booth added 21 before Carter was run out to end the match. Carter also played in a critical close finish the following season against Nottinghamshire, where he and Flavell managed to get home by a single wicket and virtually seal the county\u2019s first Championship title.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Cedartown, Georgia", "paragraph_text": "Cedartown is a city in Polk County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 9,750. The city is the county seat of Polk County. Cedartown is the principal city of and is included in the Cedartown, Georgia Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, Georgia-Alabama (part) Combined Statistical Area.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Rodney Ellis", "paragraph_text": "Rodney Glenn Ellis (born April 7, 1954) is an American politician. He represented Texas' 13th state senate district in the Texas Senate from 1990 to 2017. The district contains portions of Harris County, including downtown Houston, and Fort Bend County. He is a member of the Democratic Party. On June 25, 2016, Ellis won the Democratic Party's nomination for Harris County Commissioners Court Precinct 1. He was elected county commissioner on November 8, 2016 and sworn into office on January 1, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "James Harris (cricketer, born 1990)", "paragraph_text": "James Alexander Russell Harris (born 16 May 1990) is a Welsh professional cricketer who is on the staff of Middlesex County Cricket Club. Harris is a right arm fast bowler and right-handed batsman. He was born in Morriston near Swansea in South Wales and played for Glamorgan as a teenager. On 4 April 2017 Harris joined Kent on loan for the first part of the 2017 season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Elmer Frank Harris", "paragraph_text": "Elmer Frank Harris (born November 1939 in Seal Cove, Conception Bay Newfoundland), is a noted Canadian humanitarian.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Michael P. Fleming", "paragraph_text": "Michael P. Fleming (born June 25, 1963 in Orlando, Florida) is a Houston, Texas based attorney and former elected official. Fleming is board certified in Personal Injury Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Fleming is the managing partner of Michael P. Fleming & Associates, P.C. Fleming was elected as county attorney in Harris County, Texas in 1996 and reelected the following term in 2000. Fleming was the lead attorney for Harris County before the Supreme Court of the United States in the case Christensen v. Harris County, a case that defined the limits of the Fair Labor and Standards Act and the authority of opinion letters issued by Department of Labor. Fleming comes from a family with several generations of politicians. His grandfather was Harry Raymond Fleming and great-grandfather was George William Kyte. His wife is the elected Judge of Harris County Criminal Court at Law Number 3. Michael Fleming and his wife, Judge Natalie Fleming, have six children and reside in Houston.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Seale Harris", "paragraph_text": "Seale Harris (March 13, 1870 \u2013 March 17, 1957) was an American physician and researcher born in Cedartown, Georgia. He was nicknamed \"the Benjamin Franklin of Medicine\" by contemporaries for his leadership and writing on a wide range of medical and political topics. Dr. Harris' most celebrated accomplishments were his 1924 hypothesis of hyperinsulinism as a cause of spontaneous hypoglycemia.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gregory S. Glasson", "paragraph_text": "Gregory Scott Glasson (born December 6, 1974) is an American bass player. He has played bass for Grammy Award winning artist Seal both live onstage and in studio recordings. Glasson is also widely known as a solid session player, and has been featured on numerous albums, for a variety of artists. Mostly sought after in the Pop rock field, Glasson has played on major label tracks for artists such as Seal, Alanis Morissette and producer Josh Harris.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab40e1c5542996a3a969f00", "question_text": "Lawerence Turman had produced a film, with a character named \"Johnny 5\" that had a follow up sequel released in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1988"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Final Fight Revenge", "paragraph_text": "Final Fight Revenge (Japanese: \u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30ca\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30c8 \u30ea\u30d9\u30f3\u30b8 , Hepburn: Fainaru Faito Ribenji ) is a 1999 American-developed 3D fighting video game. The game was produced by the American division of Capcom (later known as \"Capcom Production Studio 8\"), which later produced \"\" and \"\". \"Final Fight Revenge\" was released for the arcades on July 1999 and ran on the Sega ST-V arcade hardware. It is the only \"Final Fight\" sequel released for the arcades. A home version was released for the Sega Saturn on March 30, 2000, which was the last Capcom game officially released for the platform. The Sega Saturn version was only available in Japan. However, the game can be played in English if the console's internal language is set to English.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Short Circuit (1986 film)", "paragraph_text": "Short Circuit is a 1986 American comic science fiction film directed by John Badham and written by S. S. Wilson and Brent Maddock. The film's plot centers upon an experimental military robot that is struck by lightning and gains a more humanlike intelligence, with which it embarks to explore its new state. \"Short Circuit\" stars Ally Sheedy, Steve Guttenberg, Fisher Stevens, Austin Pendleton and G. W. Bailey, with Tim Blaney as the voice of the robot named \"Johnny 5\". A sequel, \"Short Circuit 2\", was released in 1988.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Short Circuit 2", "paragraph_text": "Short Circuit 2 is a 1988 American science fiction comedy film, the sequel to the 1986 film \"Short Circuit\". It was directed by Kenneth Johnson, and starred Fisher Stevens as Ben Jahveri, Michael McKean as Fred Ritter, Cynthia Gibb as Sandy Banatoni, and Tim Blaney as the voice of Johnny 5 (the main character \u2013 a friendly, naive, self-aware robot). Filming took place in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Shaggy Dog (2006 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Shaggy Dog is a 2006 American family comedy film directed by Brian Robbins and written by Geoff Rodkey, Jack Amiel, Michael Begler, Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley. It is the second remake of the 1959 film of the same name, which was first remade as a television film in 1994. Both the 1959 and 1994 features, as well as the 1976 theatrical sequel and the 1987 television sequel, had a character named Wilby Daniels transforming into an Old English Sheepdog, whereas this remake presents a character named Dave Douglas transforming into a Bearded Collie. It stars Tim Allen, Robert Downey, Jr., Kristin Davis, Danny Glover, Spencer Breslin, Jane Curtin, Zena Grey and Philip Baker Hall.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nessuno mi pu\u00f2 giudicare (1966 film)", "paragraph_text": "Nessuno mi pu\u00f2 giudicare (meaning: \"Nobody can judge me\") is a 1966 Italian musicarello film directed by Ettore Maria Fizzarotti. It is named after the Caterina Caselli's hit song \"Nessuno mi pu\u00f2 giudicare\". It had a sequel released the same year, \"Perdono\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Penny Racers (1998 video game)", "paragraph_text": "Penny Racers is a racing game for the Nintendo 64. It was released in Japan in 1998, and in North America and Europe one year later. The game is part of the Japanese racing game series \"Choro Q\" and is known by the name Choro Q 64 in Japan. (Japanese title: \u30c1\u30e7\u30ed\uff3164). The game had a Nintendo 64 sequel released only in Japan, \"\". It is a customizable racer game, it has a total of 114 Parts, arranged in eight categories.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nyoka the Jungle Girl", "paragraph_text": "Nyoka the Jungle Girl is a fictional character created for the screen in the 1941 serial \"Jungle Girl\", starring Frances Gifford as Nyoka Meredith. The character of Nyoka is often described as having been created by Edgar Rice Burroughs; however, although the serial was officially based on Burroughs' story \"Jungle Girl\" (first appearing in the pulp magazine, \"Blue Book\", and later published as a novel), there is no character named Nyoka and no Nyoka-like character in the original story. The movie's credits list Burroughs along with six other writers, but his input on creating the film character was obviously minimal, because the studio later was able to use the name \"Nyoka\" in a sequel without crediting Burroughs at all. After the initial film, Nyoka appeared in comic books published by Fawcett, Charlton, and AC Comics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mage Gauntlet", "paragraph_text": "Mage Gauntlet is an iOS game developed by Rocketcat Games and released on October 20, 2011. In this game you follow the main character named Lexi, in an adventure around the continent in search of a way to defeat the demon Lord Hurgoroth, and prevent him from taking over the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Where's Herb?", "paragraph_text": "Where's Herb? was an advertising campaign for the fast food chain Burger King in 1985 and 1986. The television commercials featured a fictional character named Herb, who was described as never having eaten a Burger King burger in his life. They called on fans to visit their local Burger King in the hope of finding Herb and winning a prize. The campaign also included an \"I'm not Herb\" promotion, in which customers could get a discounted Whopper by including the phrase in their order. This confused people who tried to follow the promotion because they did not know what Herb looked like. By the time his appearance was revealed, many people had already lost interest in the campaign. The promotion was poorly received and was the last campaign that the J. Walter Thompson firm was hired to design for Burger King.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lawrence Turman", "paragraph_text": "Lawrence Turman (born November 28, 1926 in Los Angeles) is a film producer who currently serves as the director of The Peter Stark Producing Program at the University of Southern California. He was nominated for an Academy Award for \"The Graduate\" (1967). He has also produced such films such as \"Pretty Poison\" (1968), \"The Great White Hope\" (1970), \"The Thing\" (1982), \"Mass Appeal\" (1984), \"Short Circuit\" (1986), \"The River Wild\" (1994), and \"American History X\" (1998).", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae13c5155429920d5234336", "question_text": "After partially sinking in 1994, Celestyal Crystal was rebuilt for the purpose of what Bermudian company?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd."]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Pacer Edwards", "paragraph_text": "Anthony \"Pacer\" Edwards (1962 \u2013 18 February 2014) was a Bermudian cricketer who represented the Bermudian national team from 1983 to 1994. He played for Bermuda at the 1986, 1990, and 1994 ICC Trophies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Celestyal Crystal", "paragraph_text": "Celestyal Crystal, previously Louis Cristal, is a cruise ship operated by the Cyprus-based Celestyal Cruises and previously Louis Cruise Lines, both in the Louis Group. The ship was originally built as the cruiseferry MS \"Viking Saga in 1980 at W\u00e4rtsil\u00e4 Turku New Shipyard, Turku, Finland for Rederi Ab Sally. In 1986 she was renamed MS \"Sally Albatross, and rebuilt into a cruise ship the following year. The ship was destroyed by a fire in 1990, and completely rebuilt at Finnyards, Rauma, Finland. She was re-delivered in 1992, still named \"Sally Albatross\". After partially sinking 1994 she was rebuilt at Industrie Navali Maccaniche Affini, La Spezia, Italy, re-entering service as MS \"Leeward for Norwegian Cruise Line. Subsequently she sailed as MS \"SuperStar Taurus for Star Cruises, MS \"Silja Opera for Silja Line and spent a year laid up as MS \"Opera prior to entering service with her current owner in 2007.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bullcroft Colliery", "paragraph_text": "Bullcroft Colliery was a coal mine situated by the village of Carcroft north of Doncaster. The Bullcroft Colliery Company was formed in April 1908 and sinking of the shafts commenced immediately. In January 1909, at a depth of 100 ft , a water course yielding over 1,000 USgal per minute was struck, it was capped back and sinking continued but only a month later, at 180 ft , another water course, big enough to be described as a \"subterranean river\", was struck - too much for the steam operated pumps to cope with. Electric pumps were brought in to cope with the flow but even with a capability of 6,250 USgal per minute they couldn't cope and sinking was stopped so the full situation could be assessed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Crystal Dam", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Dam is a 323 ft double curvature, concrete thin arch dam located six miles downstream from Morrow Point Dam on the Gunnison River in Colorado, United States. Crystal Dam is the newest of the three dams in Curecanti National Recreation Area; construction on the dam was finished in 1976. The dam impounds Crystal Reservoir. Crystal Dam and reservoir are part of the Bureau of Reclamation's Wayne N. Aspinall Unit of the Colorado River Storage Project, which retains the waters of the Gunnison River and its tributaries for agricultural and municipal use in the American Southwest. The dam's primary purpose is hydroelectric power generation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Tre Ming", "paragraph_text": "Wendell Tre' Ming Burrows (born 11 April 1994), commonly known as Tre Ming, is a Bermudian professional footballer who currently studies at Thomas College and plays for Bermudian Premier Division side PHC Zebras.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Economy of Bermuda", "paragraph_text": "Bermuda, a British Overseas Territory, enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury tourist facilities for 360,000 visitors annually. The tourist industry, which accounts for an estimated 28% of GDP, attracts 84% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is now severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food is imported. International business contributes over 60% of Bermuda's economic output; a failed independence vote in late 1995 can be partially attributed to Bermudian fears of scaring away foreign firms. Government economic priorities are the further strengthening of the tourist and international financial sectors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Asfour crystal", "paragraph_text": "Asfour Crystal is an Egyptian crystal manufacturing company that produces crystal pieces under its own name. The company produces clear and coloured crystals for diverse uses including lighting, accessories, fashion pieces, chandeliers, figurines and special projects. At the present time, Asfour Crystal is the world\u2019s largest manufacturer and exporter of crystal, having a production capacity that exceeds 100 tons of crystal per day and exporting to more than 50 countries across the globe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Crystal Palace Park", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Palace Park is a Victorian pleasure ground, used for cultural and sporting events. It is located in the south-east London suburb of Crystal Palace, which was in turn named after the Crystal Palace Exhibition building, which had been moved from Hyde Park, London after the 1851 Great Exhibition and rebuilt with some modifications and enlargements to form the centrepiece of the pleasure ground, before being destroyed by fire in 1936. The park features full-scale models of dinosaurs in a landscape, a maze, lakes, and a concert bowl.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Norwegian Cruise Line", "paragraph_text": "Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd. (Norwegian) is a Bermudian company operating cruise ships, headquartered in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida. It began operations in 1966 under the name Norwegian Caribbean Line. The company is best known for its Freestyle Cruising concept, which means that there are no set times or seating arrangements for meals, nor is formal attire required. Norwegian is a publicly traded company listed on NASDAQ, with major shareholders including Apollo Global Management (15.8%), Genting Group (11.1%), and TPG Capital (2.3%) as of 20 March 2017 . Norwegian Cruise Line controls approximately 8% of the total worldwide share of the cruise market.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Celestyal Cruises", "paragraph_text": "Celestyal Cruises (formerly Louis Cruises and Louis Cruise Lines) is a Cyprus-based cruise line that operates cruises from Cyprus, France, Italy, India and Greece (the operations from Greece were previously marketed under the name Louis Hellenic Cruise Lines, but as of 2008 there is no mention of the brand on Louis' website). The company also charters several ships to Thomson Cruises. Although Celestial started operating short cruises out of Cyprus in the early 70s, Celestyal Cruises was officially established in 1986 as Louis Cruises when MV Princesa Marissa, its first owned cruise ship, was purchased. Celestyal Cruises is a subsidiary of Louis plc and member of Louis Group, the leading tourism group in the Eastern Mediterranean, founded in 1935 by the late Louis Loizou, acknowledged as the \"father of Cyprus tourism\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a74b4dc55429979e2882a00", "question_text": "Which former lead guitarist has a solo album named two disc compilation album?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Ted Nugent"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hits &amp; Ballads", "paragraph_text": "Hits & Ballads is a double disc compilation album released by Richard Marx exclusively in Taiwan, featuring several songs spanning his career, a few new songs, and one cover. It is his ninth overall compilation album, and second double disc compilation album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "I'm Losing You (John Lennon song)", "paragraph_text": "\"I'm Losing You\" is a song written by John Lennon and released on his 1980 album \"Double Fantasy\". It was completed in Bermuda in June 1980, after Lennon failed at an attempted telephone call to Yoko Ono. The song is also available on the 1982 compilation \"The John Lennon Collection\", the 1998 boxset \"John Lennon Anthology\", the one disc compilation \"Wonsaponatime\", the 2005 two disc compilation \"\" and in 2010 for the \"Gimme Some Truth\" album. The song was also featured in the 2005 musical \"Lennon\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Land (1975\u20132002)", "paragraph_text": "Land is a two disc compilation album by Patti Smith, released on March 19, 2002, on Arista Records. \"Land\" contains a collection of recordings from her eight previous albums on the first disc, along with B-sides and unreleased songs on the second disc. The album ranked number eight in \"Mojo\"'s \"Best Box Sets & Compilations of 2002\". It is dedicated to the memory of Richard Sohl.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hunt Music", "paragraph_text": "Hunt Music is a compilation album by Ted Nugent. The album did not see a large release but is still available on Internet sites. The second disc contains bonus tracks recorded by Ted Nugent. \"I Just Wanna Go Hunting\" had been unreleased.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Essential &quot;Weird Al&quot; Yankovic", "paragraph_text": "The Essential \"Weird Al\" Yankovic is a two disc compilation album by \"Weird Al\" Yankovic. A limited edition \"3.0\" version of the album has a third disc. It is published by Sony Music's Legacy Recordings as part of their \"The Essential\" series. Yankovic selected the songs for inclusion on the album after seeking fan feedback for the choice between one of two polkas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nuclear Blast All-Stars: Out of the Dark", "paragraph_text": "Out of the Dark is a two disc compilation album from Nuclear Blast Records to commemorate their 20 years as a record label. Produced by Peter Wichers, who is also the only songwriter on the album, it features a variable collection of \"\"All Stars\"\" much in the same vein as Roadrunner United. The album includes 11 different singers, with Wichers playing bass and guitar, and drums by Dirk Verbeuren and Henry Ranta. It also includes a second disc which includes 10 songs from thrash metal, death metal and black metal bands signed to Nuclear Blast. While its \"twin\" album focuses more on the power metal side of the label, \"Out of the Dark\" is rather devoted to the genre of melodic death metal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ampology", "paragraph_text": "Ampology is a two disc compilation album by Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus, spanning their entire career from their first single, \"Leilani\" (October 1982) through to \"Real Deal\" (1997). At the time of its release Hoodoo Gurus had been disbanded for two years. Lead vocalist, guitarist and chief songwriter Dave Faulkner discusses each track in his June 2000 article \"Pop and punishment\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Solos and Duets", "paragraph_text": "Solos and Duets is a two disc compilation album of previously released recordings from Stash Records by the father and son pair Bucky Pizzarelli and John Pizzarelli. The entire release was riddled with mistakes, such as how disc one is actually disc two and vice versa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ted Nugent", "paragraph_text": "Theodore Anthony Nugent ( ; born December 13, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and activist. Nugent initially gained fame as the lead guitarist of the Amboy Dukes, a band formed in 1963 that played psychedelic rock and hard rock. After playing with the Amboy Dukes, he embarked on a solo career.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Platinum Collection (Blondie album)", "paragraph_text": "The Platinum Collection is a two disc compilation album of recordings by Blondie released by EMI/Chrysalis in 1994. The forty-seven track compilation contains the A- and B-sides of all singles issued by the band in the U.S. and the UK between the years 1976 and 1982 in chronological order, five demo recordings made before the release of their debut album including an alternative version of \"Heart of Glass\", as well as two 1994 dance remixes of their hits \"Atomic\" and \"Rapture\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a793bc95542994bb9456fc3", "question_text": "Who was born first, Brooklyn Decker or Andy Roddick?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Andrew Stephen Roddick"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Brooklyn Decker", "paragraph_text": "Brooklyn Danielle Decker Roddick (born April 12, 1987) is an American fashion model and actress best known for her appearances in the \"Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue\", including the cover of the 2010 issue. In addition to working for Victoria's Secret for the 2010 \"Swim\" collection, she has ventured into television with guest appearances on \"Chuck\", \"Ugly Betty\", \"The League\", and \"Royal Pains\". She made her feature film debut in \"Just Go with It\", and later starred in \"Battleship\" and \"What to Expect When You're Expecting\". Decker is married to former tennis player Andy Roddick.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2010 Aegon Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Aegon Championships (also known traditionally as the \"Queen's Club Championships\") was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 39th edition of the Aegon Championships and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2010 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Queen's Club in London, United Kingdom, from 7 to 13 June 2010. The field was headlined by the 2008 champion and current world number one Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Andy Roddick and defending champion Andy Murray.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Andy Roddick", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Stephen Roddick (born August 30, 1982) is an American former professional tennis player from the US.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Andy Roddick career statistics", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the main career statistics of retired professional American tennis player, Andy Roddick. Throughout his career, Roddick won thirty-two ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title and five ATP Masters 1000 singles titles. He was also the runner-up at the Wimbledon Championships in 2004, 2005 and 2009 and the US Open in 2006, losing on all four occasions to Roger Federer. Roddick was also a four-time semi-finalist at the Australian Open and a three-time semi-finalist at the year-ending ATP World Tour Finals. On November 3, 2003, Roddick became the World No. 1 for the first time in his career.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Andy Roddick Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Andy Roddick Foundation is a nonprofit organization focused on closing the educational achievement gap by providing children with abundant opportunities outside the school day. The Andy Roddick Foundation understands that talent is universal but opportunity is not and knows that opportunity matters. By addressing this ongoing opportunity gap that exists between lower income students and their peers, all students can grow, thrive, and succeed. To do this, the Andy Roddick Foundation is building high-quality summer learning opportunities, making investments in effective afterschool and summer programs, and partnering with others to collectively impact that future of students in the Austin community by ensuring they have access to high-quality opportunities outside the school day. This is all designed to build resilient students that have the skills, traits, and opportunities needed to reach their full potential.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "2005 Stella Artois Championships \u2013 Singles", "paragraph_text": "Andy Roddick was the defending champion and won in the final 7\u20136, 7\u20136 against Ivo Karlovi\u0107. This was the first ATP tournament of future World No. 1 Andy Murray in his professional debut.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Federer\u2013Roddick rivalry", "paragraph_text": "The Federer\u2013Roddick rivalry was a rivalry between two professional tennis players, Roger Federer of Switzerland and Andy Roddick of the United States. The two met 24 times in official Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) matches, and Federer led 21\u20133, making Roddick the player with the second-most tournament defeats to Federer in the ATP circuit (Novak Djokovic has lost to Federer on 22 occasions, but holds a positive record against him). In terms of number of matches played, it ranks as the 14th largest rivalry in the Open Era.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Janko Tipsarevi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Janko Tipsarevi\u0107 (, ] ; born 22 June 1984) is a Serbian professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is world No. 8, achieved on 2 April 2012. In his career, he has won four ATP World Tour titles, one ATP doubles title, three Futures, and 15 Challenger titles. Tipsarevi\u0107 also won the 2001 Australian Open Junior title. Tipsarevi\u0107 has achieved two victories over a World No. 1 player, having defeated compatriot Novak Djokovic twice. He also has thirteen victories against other players in the top 10: four wins against Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych, and one each against Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez, Mikhail Youzhny, David Ferrer, James Blake, Ga\u00ebl Monfils, Andy Murray and Juan M\u00f3naco. He holds victories over former World No. 1 players Carlos Moy\u00e1, Marat Safin, Lleyton Hewitt, Juan Carlos Ferrero and Andy Roddick. His best results at a Grand Slam have been reaching the quarterfinals at the US Open in 2011 and 2012. He is only the second Serb to reach the final 16 at all four different grand slams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Boodles Challenge", "paragraph_text": "The Boodles Tennis Challenge (former Boodle and Dunthorne Champions Challenge) is an international five-day tennis exhibition held at Stoke Park in Buckinghamshire, England. In coordination with Boodles, a luxury jeweler, it was initially founded by veteran sports agent Patricio Apey as an event to help players hone their grass court skills in the lead-up to Wimbledon. It is played in a similar style to the AAMI Classic giving the players at least three matches each and allowing non competition players to appear in one match per a day. Over recent years Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras, Tim Henman, Marat Safin, James Blake, Andy Roddick, Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez, David Nalbandian, Novak Djokovic, Fernando Verdasco, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Andy Murray have all appeared. Since its inception, The Boodles has turned into a lifestyle event featuring British luxury brands such as Boodles, Veuve Clicquot and H.R. Owen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "2007 Indianapolis Tennis Championships \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Bobby Reynolds and Andy Roddick were the defending champions, but Reynolds did not participate this year. Roddick partnered Mardy Fish, making it to the quarterfinals before withdrawing from the event.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab2c0de5542992953946870", "question_text": "Football at the 2006 Asian Games with Wisoon Wichaya as its coach was played how many days prior to the opening ceromony in Doha, Qatar in 2006? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["14"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Wisoon Wichaya", "paragraph_text": "Wisoon Wichaya (also Visuth Vichaya) is a Thai football coach Thailand Premier League side Sisaket F.C.. He was formerly the coach of Bangkok Bank FC and has also coached the national under-23 team at the 2006 Asian Games.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex", "paragraph_text": "The Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex is a tennis complex in Doha, Qatar. The center is owned and operated by the Qatar Tennis Federation. It is the home venue of the ATP World Tour's Qatar ExxonMobil Open and WTA event Qatar Total Open. It formerly hosted the year-ending WTA Tour Championships in 2008-2010. It has also hosted the tennis and squash competitions at the 2006 Asian Games held in Doha.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Nor Farhan Muhammad", "paragraph_text": "Mohd Nor Farhan Bin Muhammad, P.B. (born 19 December 1984) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as forward and attacking midfielder for Liga Super side Kelantan and Malaysian national team. His international senior debut was against Singapore on 31 May 2006. He also played in 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar represented Malaysia U-23 team. During the first match of the 2015 Asian Cup qualifiers against Qatar Farhan only played in the second half. It ended with his team losing 0\u20132 to Qatar in the match.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Athletics at the 2005 West Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "At the 2005 West Asian Games, the athletics events were held at the Khalifa International Stadium in Doha, Qatar. Contested over three days, from 7 to 9 December, it was the first time that women were allowed to compete in athletics events at the Games. A total of 28 events were contested, of which 23 by male and 5 by female athletes. The event was seen as a test event for the Athletics at the 2006 Asian Games, which Doha hosted the following year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Football at the 2006 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "Football at the 2006 Asian Games was held in Doha, Qatar from November 18 to December 15, 2006. The opening match was played 14 days prior to the opening ceremony. In this tournament, some 30 teams played in the men's competition, and 8 teams participated in women's competition.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Chinese Taipei at the 2006 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "Chinese Taipei () competed in the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar in November and December 2006. The Chinese Taipei team sent 399 athletes to the games, making Chinese Taipei the fourth largest delegation after China, Japan, and South Korea. Despite Taiwan's small size, Chinese Taipei is a second-rank Asian sports power, finishing tenth in gold medals and seventh in overall medals at the 2006 Asian Games, a slight drop from its performance in the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Venues of the 2006 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "The 2006 Asian Games, officially known as the XV Asiad, were held in Doha, Qatar from December 1 to December 15, 2006. A total of 13,000 athletes from 45 nations in the Asia competed in 424 in 39 sports. The games were the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Doha and in Qatar. Events took place at 21 competition venues. Other venues in the games included the Asian Games Village and the Main Media Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2006 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "The 2006 Asian Games (Arabic: \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 2006\u200e \u200e , \"Dawrat al-\u02bcAl\u2018ab al-As\u012baw\u012bah\"), officially known as the XV Asiad, was an Asian multi-sport event held in Doha, Qatar from December 1 to December 15, 2006 with 424 events in 39 sports and disciplines featured in the games. Doha was the first city in its region and only the second in West Asia (following Tehran in 1974) to host the games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2006 Asian Games opening ceremony", "paragraph_text": "The 2006 Asian Games Opening Ceremony was held in Doha, Qatar on 1 December 2006 to mark the start of the 15th Asian Games. The ceremony took place in the multi-purpose Khalifa International Stadium, which was specifically renovated for the Asian Games. The ceremony was attended by over 50,000 spectators, as well as approximately 20,000 athletes and performers. Several Asian heads-of-state and the President of the International Olympic Committee Jacques Rogge were in attendance. The officials and organizers of the ceremony promised it to be the most spectacular opening ceremony in recent years. The Opening Ceremony was described by the media to be one of the most breath-taking and technologically spectacular multi-sports event ceremony, and the most expensive multi-sports event ceremony (including both Opening and Closing ceremonies) in the history of Asian Games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mark Javier", "paragraph_text": "Mark Pinili Javier (born October 20, 1981) is a professional archer from the Philippines. He competed in Archery at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar but was defeated by the Korean Im Dong Hyun 113-104 in the 1/16 Elimination Round. During the 2006 Asian Games he landed 9th place in the individual category.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8cd6de55429941ae14df07", "question_text": "Charlotte Hatherley initially came to prominence in a band formed in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1992"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gregory Raposo", "paragraph_text": "Gregory Frank \"Greg\" Raposo (born May 3, 1985) is an American rock'n'roll singer and actor. Raposo initially came to fame in the early 2000s as a member of the boy band Dream Street, but has subsequently branched out into a solo career as a rock singer. His self-titled debut solo album \"Greg Raposo\" was released in 2003 and charted at #40 in its opening week; 2012 release \"Loss Love Life\" was released independently and did not chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Grey Will Fade", "paragraph_text": "Grey Will Fade is the debut album from British singer/songwriter Charlotte Hatherley, released in 2004 whilst still playing guitar in British rock band Ash. She was encouraged to write the album by Ash frontman Tim Wheeler due to the popularity of the song, \"Grey Will Fade,\" originally released as a B-side on Ash's 2001 single \"There's a Star.\" The album reached number 51 in the UK Albums Chart. </small>", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ash (band)", "paragraph_text": "Ash is a Northern Irish alternative rock band, formed in Downpatrick in 1992 by vocalist and guitarist Tim Wheeler, bassist Mark Hamilton and drummer Rick McMurray. As a three-piece, they released mini-album \"Trailer\" in 1994 and full-length album \"1977\" in 1996. This 1996 release was named by \"NME\" as one of the 500 greatest albums of all time. After the success of their full debut the band recruited Charlotte Hatherley as a guitarist and vocalist, releasing their second record \"Nu-Clear Sounds\" in 1998. After narrowly avoiding bankruptcy the band released \"Free All Angels\" in 2001 and a string of successful singles.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Druid (band)", "paragraph_text": "Druid was a 1970s progressive rock band from England, and initially came to public attention by winning a 1974 unsigned band contest by \"Melody Maker\" magazine. The band went on to perform on \"The Old Grey Whistle Test\" and to record two albums. Their sound was notably influenced by Yes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "NZCA Lines", "paragraph_text": "NZCA Lines (stylised as NZCA/LINES) are a British synthpop band founded by Michael Lovett. It currently features Charlotte Hatherley and Sarah Jones.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Inayat Khan", "paragraph_text": "Inayat Khan Rehmat Khan Pathan (Urdu: \u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e ; July 5, 1882 \u2013 February 5, 1927) was the founder of The Sufi Order in the West in 1914 (London) and teacher of Universal Sufism. He initially came to the West as a Northern Indian classical musician, having received the honorific \"Tansen\" from the Nizam of Hyderabad, but he soon turned to the introduction and transmission of Sufi thought and practice. Later, in 1923, the Sufi Order of the London period was dissolved into a new organization, formed under Swiss law, called the \"International Sufi Movement\". His message of divine unity (Tawhid) focused on the themes of love, harmony and beauty. He taught that blind adherence to any book rendered religion devoid of spirit. Branches of Inayat Khan's movement can be found in the Netherlands, France, England, Germany, the United States, Canada, Russia and Australia. In his various written works, such as the Music of Life and The Mysticism of Sound and Music, Inayat Khan interlocks his passion for music with his Sufi ideologies making a compelling argument for music as the harmonious thread of the Universe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pope Clement VIII", "paragraph_text": "Pope Clement VIII (Latin: \"Clemens VIII\" ; 24 February 1536 \u2013 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was Pope from 2 February 1592 to his death in 1605. Born into prominent Florentine family, he initially came to prominence as a canon lawyer before being made a Cardinal-Priest in 1585. In 1592 he was elected Pope and took the name of Clement. During his papacy he effected the reconciliation of Henry IV of France to the Catholic faith and was instrumental in setting up an alliance of Christian nations to oppose the Ottoman Empire in the so-called Long War. He also successfully adjudicated in a bitter dispute between the Dominicans and the Jesuits on the issue of efficacious grace and free will. In 1600 he presided over a jubilee which saw a large number of pilgrimages to Rome. He showed little pity for his perceived opponents, presiding over the trial and execution of Giordano Bruno and introducing harsh measures against Jewish inhabitants of the Papal States. He may have been the first pope to drink coffee. Clement VIII died at the age of 69 in 1605 and his remains now rest in the Santa Maria Maggiore.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Francisco Araiza", "paragraph_text": "Jos\u00e9 Francisco Araiza Andrade (born 4 October 1950), is a Mexican operatic tenor and lied singer who has sung as soloist in leading concert halls and in leading tenor operatic roles in the major opera houses of Europe and North America during the course of a lengthy career. Born in Mexico City, he studied singing at the Conservatorio Nacional de M\u00fasica de M\u00e9xico and later in Germany, with Mozartian tenor Richard Holm, and lieder interpretation with Erik Werba. He made his operatic debut in 1970 in Mexico City as First Prisoner in Beethoven's \"Fidelio\". Araiza initially came to international prominence singing in Mozart and Rossini operas, but in the 1980s broadened his repertoire to include Italian and French lyric tenor roles and Wagnerian roles such as Lohengrin and Walther von Stolzing. He was made a Kammers\u00e4nger of the Vienna State Opera in 1988. Now retired from the opera stage, he teaches singing and serves on the juries of several international singing competitions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Doberman (band)", "paragraph_text": "Doberman is a Japanese ska/punk band. In 1998, the members of Doberman initially came together while studying art at Osaka University. However, the band did not fully launch and emerge into the music world until a year later. This nine member ensemble undoubtedly contributes to Japan's ska scene, especially influencing the 2 Tone and Neoska subgenres, flavored by their own mixture of two tone and authentic ska.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Charlotte Hatherley", "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Franklin Hatherley (born 20 June 1979) is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist. She initially came to prominence as guitarist and backing vocalist for alternative rock band Ash. Since leaving Ash in 2006, she has pursued a solo career and also acted as a touring instrumentalist for Client, KT Tunstall, Bat for Lashes and Birdy. Hatherley is now performing solo under the moniker of Sylver Tongue and as a recording and touring member of NZCA Lines.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7344e95542991f9a20c6ce", "question_text": "What song was number 4 on the charts when a song from FutureSex/LoveSounds was number 1?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Rudebox"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "FutureSex/LoveSound", "paragraph_text": "\"FutureSex/LoveSound\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Justin Timberlake for his second studio album, \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" (2006). It was written and produced by Timberlake, Timothy \"Timbaland\" Mosley and Nate \"Danja\" Hills. The song was produced following Timberlake's two-year hiatus from the music industry, when he felt \"burnt out\" after the release of his debut solo album \"Justified\" in 2002. \"FutureSex/LoveSound\" incorporates elements of new wave and industrial rock into its production. The song received generally mixed reviews from music critics, with some of them praising its production and others criticizing its simplistic lyrics. Following the release of the album, \"FutureSex/LoveSound\" peaked at number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. It was included on the set list of Timberlake's second worldwide tour FutureSex/LoveShow (2007).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "I Think We're Alone Now", "paragraph_text": "\"I Think We're Alone Now\" is a song written and composed by Ritchie Cordell that was the title selection for a highly successful album released by the American recording artists Tommy James and the Shondells. \"I Think We're Alone Now\" was a 1967 US hit for James and the Shondells, reaching number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The song has since been covered several times by other artists. The late 1987 recording by Tiffany reached number 1 on the charts of various countries including the US, UK, Canada, and New Zealand. One month earlier, another Tommy James song had also hit number 1\u2014Billy Idol's version of \"Mony, Mony\". Other cover versions have also charted, including those by The Rubinoos (number 45 US, 1977) and Girls Aloud (number 4 UK, 2006).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "SexyBack", "paragraph_text": "\"SexyBack\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake for his second studio album, \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" (2006). It was released on July 18, 2006, to US mainstream and rhythmic radio stations by Jive Records as the lead single from the album. The song was written and produced by Nate Hills, Tim Mosley, and Timberlake himself. Discussing \"SexyBack\", Timberlake revealed that he went \"left\", singing the song in a rock style, not an R&B style. He described the song as musicians David Bowie and David Byrne \"covering\" James Brown's 1970 song \"Sex Machine\". The track features Timbaland on backing vocals, while Timberlake's voice is distorted. The instrumentation used in the song includes a pounding bass beat, electronic chords, and drum machine sounds.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "B*Witched discography", "paragraph_text": "The discography of B*Witched, an Irish pop girl group, consists of two studio album, one extended play and one compilation. The group released their debut single \"C'est la Vie\" on 25 May 1998. Despite mixed reviews, it reached Number 1 on the UK charts, making them the youngest female group ever to do so, and also made Number 9 in the US. Subsequent singles \"Rollercoaster\", \"To You I Belong\" and \"Blame It on the Weatherman\" also topped the UK charts. The group's debut album, \"B*Witched\", was released in October 1998, reaching Number 3 in the UK charts and was certified Double Platinum in the UK and Platinum in the US. B*Witched's second album, \"Awake and Breathe\", released almost exactly a year after their debut, peaked at Number 5 on the charts and was certified Platinum. Singles from the album were less successful than earlier releases (\"Jesse Hold On\" reached Number 4, \"I Shall Be There\" Number 13 and \"Jump Down\" Number 16 in the UK). The latter two appeared on their new American EP, \"Across America 2000\", along with live tracks and the earlier cover of \"Does Your Mother Know\". However, in September 2002, the group officially split when O'Carroll decided to leave the band.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Rudebox (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Rudebox\" is song by English musician Robbie Williams, from the his seventh studio album of the same name (2006). It is based on a sample from the song \"Boops (Here to Go)\" by Sly and Robbie. The single was released on 4 September 2006, although download purchases allowed it to reach number 30 on the UK Singles Chart on 3 September. After the release of the CD single, it ascended 26 places to number 4, selling 24,821 copies, beaten by Nelly Furtado featuring Timbaland's \"Promiscuous\", Justin Timberlake's \"SexyBack\" and Scissor Sisters' \"I Don't Feel Like Dancin'\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Between Now and Forever", "paragraph_text": "Between Now and Forever is the second studio album by American country music artist Bryan White. It was released in 1996 (see 1996 in country music) on Asylum Records. Like his debut album \"Bryan White\", it was certified platinum by the RIAA for U.S. sales of one million copies. The album produced four singles for White on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts. In order of release, these were \"I'm Not Supposed to Love You Anymore\" (number 4), \"So Much for Pretending\" (number 1), \"That's Another Song\" (number 15), and \"Sittin' on Go\" (number 1). \"Sittin' on Go\" was also his last Number One hit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Daddy Don't You Walk So Fast", "paragraph_text": "\"Daddy Don't You Walk So Fast\" is a song written by Peter Callander and Geoff Stephens and performed by Wayne Newton. It sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA in July 1972. The song reached number 3 on the adult contemporary chart, and number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song spent one week at number 1 on the \"Cashbox\" chart on August 5, 1972, one week at number 1 in Canada, and spent three weeks at number 1 in Australia. The song appeared on Newton's 1972 album, \"Daddy Don't You Walk So Fast\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dead and Gone", "paragraph_text": "\"Dead and Gone\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist T.I., featuring American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake. It was released as the eighth single from T.I.'s sixth studio album, \"Paper Trail\" (2008). Due to the high number of digital downloads upon the album's release, the song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 before its official single release. The song marked the second collaboration between T.I. and Justin Timberlake, the first being the hit single \"My Love\", from Timberlake's second album, \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" (2006). T.I. and Timberlake performed this song at the 51st Grammy Awards. The song was later nominated twice at the 52nd Grammy Awards, for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration and Best Rap Song. It was the 10th bestselling digital single of 2009 in the United States. As of 2012, it had sold 3.1 million copies in the country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "I Want to Be Loved Like That", "paragraph_text": "\"I Want to Be Loved Like That\" is a song written by Phil Barnhart, Sam Hogin and Bill LaBounty, and recorded by American country music band Shenandoah. It was released in September 1993 as the second single from the album \"Under the Kudzu\". The song spent twenty weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts, reaching a peak of number 3. It also went to number 2 on \"Gavin Report\" and number 1 on \"Radio & Records\". The song also peaked at number 4 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks charts dated for January 24, 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Galveston (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Galveston\" is a song written by Jimmy Webb and popularized by American country music singer Glen Campbell who recorded it with the instrumental backing of members of The Wrecking Crew. In 2003, this song ranked number 8 in \"CMT's 100 Greatest Songs in Country Music\". Campbell's version of the song also went to number 1 on the country music charts. On other charts, \"Galveston\" went to number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number one on the \"Easy Listening\" charts. It was certified gold by the RIAA in October 1969.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac532335542994611c8b41c", "question_text": "Howard Van Doren Shaw was the designer of which 1917 Progressive Era community? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Marktown"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ragdale", "paragraph_text": "Ragdale is the summer retreat of Chicago architect Howard Van Doren Shaw, located in Lake Forest, Illinois. It is also the home of the Ragdale Foundation. Built in 1897, the house and barn were built in Shaw's typical Arts and Crafts manner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of works by Howard Van Doren Shaw", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of houses, commercial buildings, factories, and other structures by architect Howard Van Doren Shaw. Many of his buildings are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), either individually or as a contributing property to a historic district.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Parachute Murder", "paragraph_text": "The Parachute murder is a name the Belgian media gave the 2010 Belgian love triangle skydiving murder trial. The defendant, elementary school teacher and amateur skydiver Els 'Babs' Clottemans, was found guilty of murder by sabotaging the parachutes of another woman, fellow skydiver Els Van Doren, because Van Doren was a rival for the love of Marcel Somers, also a skydiver. The skydive in which Van Doren died occurred on November 18, 2006. Van Doren, who was a 38 years old married mother of two and a very experienced skydiver, died when both her primary and reserve parachutes failed to deploy. The dive was captured by a video camera mounted on Van Doren's helmet. Van Doren dropped from a height of over 2 mi landing in a garden in the town of Opglabbeek. Police later established that the cords of the parachute had been cut.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dr. Van Buren Knott House", "paragraph_text": "The Dr. Van Buren Knott House is a historic building located in Sioux City, Iowa, United States. Knott was a prominent local physician. He had Chicago architect Howard Van Doren Shaw design this Colonial Revival-style house, which is considered an excellent example of the style. The 2\u00bd-story brick structure features a symmetrical facade, an entrance porch with Doric columns, a Palladian window above the front entrance, a single-story semi-circular room in the back, and a hip roof roof with dormers. On the south side of the house is a full width porch, with a sleeping porch on the second floor. A pergola in the back leads to a detached two-car garage, which was built a couple of years after the house. The house and garage were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Marktown", "paragraph_text": "Marktown is an urban planned worker community in East Chicago, Indiana, United States, built during the Progressive Era in 1917 from marshland to provide a complete community for workers at The Mark Manufacturing Company.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Deerpath Hill Estates", "paragraph_text": "Deerpath Hill Estates is a residential development in western Lake Forest, Illinois. Developer Henry K. Turnbull and architect Stanley D. Anderson planned and built the original development in 1926. Turnbull and Anderson designed the development according to the principles of the City Beautiful Movement and the ideas of Howard Van Doren Shaw, Anderson's mentor. The individual houses were designed in popular revivalist styles, including English Tudor, Colonial, and French Norman. The development was the first in Lake Forest to be planned and controlled entirely by its developer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lakeside Press Building", "paragraph_text": "The Lakeside Press Building is a historic commercial building located at 731 S. Plymouth Ct. in downtown Chicago, Illinois. The building served as a showroom, office, and printing press for the Lakeside Press. The building was built in two stages; the southern half was completed in 1897, while the northern half was finished in 1901. Architect Howard Van Doren Shaw designed the building, his first design of a commercial building. Shaw's design features limestone quoins, piers, and decorations, curtain walls with cast iron spandrels on the floors housing the printing presses, and a projecting cornice.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Howard Van Doren Shaw", "paragraph_text": "Howard Van Doren Shaw AIA (May 7, 1869 \u2013 May 7, 1926) was an American architect. He became one of the best-known architects of his generation in the Chicago, Illinois area. Shaw was considered a leader in the American Craftsman movement, best exemplified in his 1900 remodel of Second Presbyterian Church in Chicago. He designed Marktown, Clayton Mark's planned worker community in Northwest Indiana.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Seven Houses on Lake Shore Drive District", "paragraph_text": "The Seven Houses on Lake Shore Drive District is a historic district in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The district was built between 1889 and 1917 by various architects including Benjamin Marshall, Holabird & Roche, Howard Van Doren Shaw, and McKim, Mead & White. It was designated a Chicago Landmark on June 28, 1989.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Camp-Woods", "paragraph_text": "Camp-Woods, is a historic estate with associated buildings located at Villanova, Delaware County, Pennsylvania and built on a 400' high spot which had been a 200-man outpost of George Washington's Army during the Valley Forge winter of 1777-8. The house, built between 1910 and 1912 for banker James M. Willcox, is a two-story, brick and limestone, \"F\"-shaped house in an Italianate-Georgian style. It measures 160 feet in length and 32 feet deep at the \"waist.\" It has a slate roof, Doric order limestone cornice, open loggia porches, and a covered entrance porch supported by Doric order columns. The house was designed by noted architect Howard Van Doren Shaw (1869-1926). The property includes formal gardens. Its former carriage house is no longer part of the main estate. The original tennis court is now also a separate property named \"Outpost Hill\". The Revolutionary encampment is marked by a flagpole in a circular stone monument at the north-western edge of the property. The inscription reads, \"An outpost of George Washington's Army encamped here thro the winter of Valley Forge 1777-1778\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a79c9c05542994bb94570a5", "question_text": "This man who was born on April 25th, 1947, was a member of this lower house of the Hawaii State Legislature.", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Robert \"Bobby\" Bunda"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nevada Legislature", "paragraph_text": "The Nevada Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Nevada. The Legislature is a bicameral body, consisting of the lower house Nevada Assembly, with 42 members, and the upper house Nevada Senate, with 21 members. All 63 members of the Legislature are elected from an equal amount of constituent districts across the state. The Legislature is the third smallest bicameral state legislature in the United States (the Alaska Legislature is the smallest bicameral, with only 60 members and the Delaware General Assembly has 62 members).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "California State Assembly", "paragraph_text": "The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people. Due to the state's large population and relatively small legislature, the State Assembly has the largest population-per-representative ratio of any state lower house and second largest of any legislative lower house in the United States after the federal House of Representatives. As a result of Proposition 140 in 1990 and Proposition 28 in 2012, members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to three two-year terms (six years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year state senate or two-year state assembly terms.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Romeo Munoz Cachola", "paragraph_text": "Romeo Munoz Cachola, commonly known as Romy Cachola, is a Democratic politician from the state of Hawaii. An emigrant from the Philippines, Cachola became one of the first Filipino Americans to be elected to the Honolulu City Council since statehood in 1959. He also was a member of the Hawaii State Legislature and served in the Hawaii State House of Representatives from 1984 to 1992.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hawaii House of Representatives", "paragraph_text": "The Hawaii House of Representatives is the lower house of the Hawaii State Legislature. Pursuant to Article III, Section 3 of the Hawaii Constitution, amended during the 1978 constitutional convention, the House of Representatives consists of 51 members representing an equal amount of districts across the islands. It is led by the Speaker of the House elected from the membership of the House, with majority and minority leaders elected from their party's respective caucuses. The current Speaker of the House is Scott Saiki.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Hawaii State Legislature", "paragraph_text": "The Hawaii State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state legislature is a bicameral body consisting of a lower house, the Hawaii State House of Representatives, with 51 representatives, and an upper house, the 25-member Hawaii State Senate. There are a total of 76 representatives in the legislature, each representing single member districts across the islands. The powers of the legislature are granted under Article III of the Constitution of Hawaii.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Hawaii State Capitol", "paragraph_text": "The Hawaii State Capitol is the official statehouse or capitol building of the U.S. state of Hawaii. From its chambers, the executive and legislative branches perform the duties involved in governing the state. The Hawaii State Legislature\u2014composed of the twenty-five member Hawaii State Senate led by the President of the Senate and the fifty-one member Hawaii State House of Representatives led by the Speaker of the House\u2014convenes in the building. Its principal tenants are the Governor of Hawaii and Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii, as well as all legislative offices and the Legislative Reference Bureau.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Arizona State Legislature", "paragraph_text": "The Arizona State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. It is a bicameral legislature that consists of a lower house, the House of Representatives, and an upper house, the Senate. Composed of 90 legislators, the state legislature meets in the Capitol Complex in the state capital of Phoenix, Arizona. Created by the Arizona Constitution upon statehood in 1912, the Arizona State Legislature met biennially until 1950. Today, they meet annually.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "West Virginia Legislature", "paragraph_text": "The West Virginia Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of West Virginia. A bicameral legislative body, the Legislature is split between the upper Senate and the lower House of Delegates. It was established under Article VI of the West Virginia Constitution following the state's split from Virginia during the American Civil War in 1863. As with its neighbor and former constituent Virginia General Assembly, the legislature's lower house is also referred to as a \"House of Delegates.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hawaii Senate", "paragraph_text": "The Hawai\u02bbi State Senate is the upper chamber of the Hawaii State Legislature. The senate consists of twenty-five members elected from an equal number of constituent districts across the islands. The senate is led by the President of the Senate, elected from the membership of the body, currently Ron Kouchi. The forerunner of the Hawaii State Senate during the government of the Kingdom of Hawai\u02bb i was the House of Nobles originated in 1840. In 1894 the Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii renamed the upper house the present senate. Senators are elected to four-year terms and are not subject to term limits. Like most state legislatures in the United States, the Hawaii State Senate is a part-time body and senators often have active careers outside government. The lower chamber of the legislature is the Hawai\u02bbi House of Representatives. The membership of the Senate also elects additional officers to include the Senate Vice President, Senate Chief Clerk, Assistant Chief Clerk, Senate Sergeant at Arms and Assistant Sergeant at Arms.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Robert Bunda", "paragraph_text": "Robert \"Bobby\" Bunda (born April 25, 1947) is a former Democratic member of the Hawaii Senate, representing the 22nd District from 1994 through 2010, when he resigned his position in an unsuccessful bid for Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii. Previously he was a member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1983 through 1994.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8e8bed5542990e94052b47", "question_text": "What United Kingdom Prime Minister was succeeded in the 1990s by the Leader of the Conservative Party?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Margaret Thatcher"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Federation of Conservative Students", "paragraph_text": "The Federation of Conservative Students (FCS) was the student organisation of the British Conservative Party from the late 1940s to 1986. It was created to act as a bridge between the student movement and the Conservative Party. In its final years it became known colloquially as \"Maggie's Militant Tendency\", in reference to then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and to Militant, an entryist group active in the Labour Party at the time. The FCS was then broken up by the Chairman of the Conservative Party, Norman Tebbit, after one of its members had accused previous former Prime Minister Harold Macmillan of war crimes in extraditing Cossacks to the Soviet Union. The FCS was replaced by the Conservative Collegiate Forum.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Later life of Winston Churchill", "paragraph_text": "The later life of Winston Churchill documents the life of the British statesman from the end of World War II and his second term as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, until his subsequent death and funeral in 1965. After the end of the war Churchill had to step down as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom because the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election. For six years he was to serve as the Leader of the Opposition. During these years Churchill continued to influence world affairs; in 1946 he gave his Iron Curtain speech which spoke of the expansionist policies of the USSR and the creation of the Eastern Bloc; Churchill also argued strongly for British independence from the European Coal and Steel Community (which he saw as a Franco-German project as Britain still had an empire). In the General Election of 1951 Labour was defeated and Churchill became Prime Minister for a second time. Churchill continued to lead Britain but was to suffer increasingly from health problems. Aware that he was slowing down both physically and mentally he resigned from the Cabinet in 1955. However he continued to sit as an MP for Woodford until he retired from politics in 1964. Churchill died on 24 January 1965 and was granted the honour of a state funeral. He was buried in his family plot in St Martin's Church, Bladon near to where he was born at Blenheim Palace.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "United Kingdom local elections, 1991", "paragraph_text": "Local elections were held in the United Kingdom in 1991. The results were a setback for the governing Conservative Party, who were left with their lowest number of councillors since 1973 - though their popular vote was an improvement from the 1990 local elections (John Major had succeeded Margaret Thatcher as prime minister in November 1990), and the Conservatives would go on to win the general election in 1992.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "John Major", "paragraph_text": "Sir John Major, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (born 29 March 1943) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. He served as Foreign Secretary and then Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Thatcher Government from 1989 to 1990, and was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Huntingdon from 1979 until he retired in 2001. Since Margaret Thatcher's death in 2013, he is the oldest living former Prime Minister.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 1997", "paragraph_text": "The 1997 Conservative Party leadership election was triggered in the British Conservative Party when John Major resigned on 2 May 1997, following his party's defeat at the 1997 general election, which ended 18 years of Conservative Government of the United Kingdom. Major had been Conservative leader and Prime Minister since November 1990.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Christian Homann Schweigaard", "paragraph_text": "Christian Homann Schweigaard (14 October 1838 \u2013 24 March 1899 ) was a Norwegian Prime Minister. He was the Prime Minister of Norway for three months in 1884, a period after the impeachment of Prime Minister Christian August Selmer called Schweigaard's Ministerium. Schweigaard held a number of key positions, including Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1889\u20131891 and 1893\u20131896, as well as Parliamentary Leader from 1889-1891 and 1894\u20131895. He was Emil Stang's indispensable partner, leading the Conservative Party's policy and organizational development in the 1880s and 1890s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Clement Attlee", "paragraph_text": "Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (3 January 1883 \u2013 8 October 1967) was a British Labour politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. In 1940, Attlee took Labour into the wartime coalition government and served under Winston Churchill, becoming the first person to hold the office of Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He went on to lead the Labour Party to an unexpected landslide victory at the 1945 general election; forming the first Labour majority government, and a mandate to implement its postwar reforms. The 12.0% national swing from the Conservatives to Labour was unprecedented at that time and remains the largest ever achieved by any party at a general election in British electoral history. He was re-elected with a narrow majority at the 1950 general election. In the following year, Attlee called a snap general election, hoping to increase his parliamentary majority. However, he was narrowly defeated by the Conservatives under the leadership of Winston Churchill; despite winning the most votes of any political party in any general election in British political history until the Conservative Party's fourth consecutive victory in 1992. Attlee remains the longest-ever serving Leader of the Labour Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Conservative Party (UK)", "paragraph_text": "The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom. It is currently the governing party, having been so since the 2010 general election, where a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats was formed. In 2015, the Conservatives led by David Cameron won a surprise majority and formed the first Conservative majority government since 1992. However, the 2017 snap election on Thursday 8 June resulted in a hung parliament, and the Conservatives lost their parliamentary majority. They are reliant on the support of a Northern Irish political party, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), in order to command a majority in the House of Commons through a confidence-and-supply deal. The party leader, Theresa May, has served as both Leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister since 13 July 2016. It is the largest party in local government with 9,237 councillors. The Conservative Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United Kingdom, the other being its modern rival, the Labour Party. The Conservative Party's platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defence, deregulation, and restrictions on trade unions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Margaret Thatcher", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (n\u00e9e\u00a0Roberts ; 13 October 1925\u00a0\u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to have been appointed. A Soviet journalist dubbed her the \"Iron Lady\", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Benjamin Disraeli", "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804\u00a0\u2013 19 April 1881) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, as well as a novelist. He played a central role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party, defining its policies and its broad outreach. Disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs, his political battles with the Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone, and his one-nation conservatism or \"Tory democracy\". He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the glory and power of the British Empire. He is the only UK Prime Minister to have been of Jewish birth.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f24cc55429924144829e7", "question_text": "Andrei Ivanovich Gorchakov commanded the 1st Infanty Corps in what major engagement of the Napoleonic Wars?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Battle of Dresden"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Andrei Ivanovich Gorchakov", "paragraph_text": "Andrei Ivanovich Gorchakov (1768 \u2013 1855) led a Russian infantry corps in the German Campaign of 1813 and the French Campaign of 1814 during the Napoleonic Wars. He participated in the 1799 Italian and Swiss expedition on the staff of his uncle Alexander Suvorov and was at Cassano, the Trebbia and Novi. In 1812 he fought at Smolensk and Borodino. At Bautzen in May 1813 he led the second line of the Right Wing. He commanded the 1st Infantry Corps, at Dresden and Leipzig in 1813 and at Bar-sur-Aube, Laubressel and Paris in 1814.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Lucius Curtis", "paragraph_text": "Admiral of the Fleet Sir Lucius Curtis, 2nd Baronet, KCB, DL (3 June 1786 \u2013 14 January 1869) was a senior officer of the Royal Navy during the nineteenth century. The son of Sir Roger Curtis, 1st Baronet, Lord Howe's flag captain at the Glorious First of June, Lucius served during the Napoleonic Wars and was heavily involved in the Mauritius campaign of 1810. During this campaign, Curtis commanded the frigate HMS \"Magicienne\" with the blockade squadron under Josias Rowley and was still in command when the ship was destroyed at the Battle of Grand Port. \"Magicienne\" grounded on a coral reef early in the engagement and despite the best efforts of Curtis and his crew, the ship had to be abandoned, Curtis setting her on fire to prevent her subsequent capture.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Battle of Dresden", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dresden (26\u201327 August 1813) was a major engagement of the Napoleonic Wars. The battle took place around the city of Dresden in modern-day Germany. With the recent addition of Austria, the Sixth Coalition felt emboldened in their quest to kick the French out of Central Europe. Despite being heavily outnumbered, French forces under Napoleon scored a modest victory against the Allied army led by Field Marshal Schwarzenberg. However, Napoleon's victory did not lead to the collapse of the coalition, and the lack of effective French cavalry units precluded a major pursuit. A few days after the battle, the Allies surrounded and captured a French corps at the Battle of Kulm.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "HMS Cleopatra (1779)", "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Cleopatra\" was a 32-gun \"Amazon\"-class fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She had a long career, seeing service during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. During the latter wars she fought two notable engagements with larger French opponents. In the first engagement she was forced to surrender, but succeeded in damaging the French ship so badly that she was captured several days later, while the \"Cleopatra\" was retaken. In the second she forced the surrender of a 40-gun frigate. After serving under several notable commanders she was broken up towards the end of the Napoleonic Wars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "IV Cavalry Corps (Grande Arm\u00e9e)", "paragraph_text": "The IV Cavalry Corps (Grande Arm\u00e9e) was a French military formation that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. The corps was created in 1812 and rebuilt in 1813 and 1815. Emperor Napoleon first organized the corps for the French invasion of Russia. Under General of Division Victor de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg, the corps fought at Borodino. During the War of the Sixth Coalition in 1813, General of Division Fran\u00e7ois \u00c9tienne de Kellermann commanded the all-Polish corps at Leipzig. During the Hundred Days in 1815, Napoleon reconstituted the corps and nominated General of Division \u00c9douard Jean Baptiste Milhaud to direct it. Composed entirely of cuirassier regiments, the two divisions fought at Ligny and Waterloo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "III Cavalry Corps (Grande Arm\u00e9e)", "paragraph_text": "The III Cavalry Corps (Grande Arm\u00e9e) was a French military formation that fought during the Napoleonic Wars. The corps was created in 1812 and reconstituted in 1813 and 1815. Emperor Napoleon first mobilized the corps for the French invasion of Russia. Commanded by General of Division Emmanuel Grouchy, two divisions of the corps fought at Borodino, Tarutino, and Vyazma. A third division fought at First and Second Polotsk and the Berezina. During the War of the Sixth Coalition in 1813, General of Division Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova led the corps at Grossbeeren, Dennewitz, Leipzig, and Hanau. During the Hundred Days in 1815, Napoleon reorganized the corps and appointed General of Division Fran\u00e7ois \u00c9tienne de Kellermann to lead it. One brigade of the corps was engaged at Quatre Bras and both divisions fought at Waterloo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sir George Collier, 1st Baronet", "paragraph_text": "Sir George Ralph Collier, 1st Baronet KCB (1774 \u2013 24 March 1824) was an officer of the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812. He had an eventful early life, being shipwrecked early in his career and later captured by the French. Nevertheless, he saw enough service to attract the attention of powerful patrons that secured his rise through the ranks. An officer of considerable ability, he won a noteworthy victory against a stronger French opponent, before embarking on a period of distinguished service off the Spanish and Portuguese coasts, working closely with the British generals fighting the Peninsular War, and markedly contributing to their success. His good service led to a prime posting in command of a squadron despatched to hunt down and neutralise the American super frigates during the War of 1812. He came close to capturing the  , but lost her in circumstances that were unclear and would later return to haunt him. The years of peace that followed the end of the Napoleonic Wars saw him rewarded with a baronetcy, and his continued to serve in the navy where he was tasked with the suppression of the slave trade. The publishing of William James's account of the War of 1812, which lambasted him for incompetence and cowardice in his failure to catch the \"Constitution\", broke his personal peace. Having failed to clear his name, and increasingly depressed by the accusations, Collier took his own life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "HMS Cherub (1806)", "paragraph_text": "HMS \"Cherub\" was an 18-gun Royal Navy \"Cormorant\"-class sloop built in Dover in 1806. She participated in two major campaigns in the West Indies during the Napoleonic Wars, and one major engagement in the Pacific during the War of 1812, all each of which earned her crews clasps to the Naval General Service Medal. The Navy sold her in 1820.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Paul von Radivojevich", "paragraph_text": "Paul von Radivojevich (1759 \u2013 15 July 1829) became an army corps commander in the army of the Austrian Empire during the late Napoleonic Wars. He joined the army of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1782 and fought in one of the early battles of the French Revolutionary Wars. He led a Grenz Infantry Regiment before being promoted to general officer in 1807. He led a brigade at Eckm\u00fchl in 1809, a division in the summer of 1813, and a corps at Caldiero in 1813 and at the Mincio in 1814. During the 1815 Italian campaign, he led a corps in Switzerland, Piedmont, and France. After the wars, he commanded part of the Military Frontier. He was Proprietor (Inhaber) of an infantry regiment from 1815 until his death in 1829.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "VI Corps (Grande Arm\u00e9e)", "paragraph_text": "The VI Corps of the \"Grande Arm\u00e9e\" was the name of a French military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars. It was formed at the Camp de Boulogne and assigned to Marshal Michel Ney. From 1805 through 1811, the army corps fought under Ney's command in the War of the Third Coalition, the War of the Fourth Coalition, and the Peninsular War. Jean Gabriel Marchand was in charge of the corps for a period when Ney went on leave. In early 1811, Ney was dismissed by Marshal Andr\u00e9 Mass\u00e9na for disobedience and the corps was briefly led by Louis Henri Loison until the corps was dissolved in May 1811. The VI Corps was revived in 1812 for the French invasion of Russia and placed under Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr. It entirely consisted of Bavarian soldiers at that time. After the disastrous winter retreat the corps was virtually destroyed. In 1813 during the War of the Sixth Coalition it was recreated with reorganized French troops. Marshal Auguste Marmont took command of the corps and managed it until Emperor Napoleon's abdication in 1814. It took part in many battles including Dresden and Leipzig in 1813. During the Hundred Days, Georges Mouton, Count de Lobau commanded the VI Corps at the Battle of Waterloo.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abc219655429959677d6a1d", "question_text": "Which comic book was also written by the writer of Crossed?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the Vertigo series \"Preacher\""]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Will Jacobs", "paragraph_text": "Will Jacobs (born 1955) is an American comics and humor writer. He was a coauthor with Gerard Jones on \"The Beaver Papers\", \"The Comic Book Heroes\", and the comic book \"The Trouble with Girls\" (1987\u20131993). He was a contributor to \"National Lampoon magazine\" and various DC Comics. Jacobs left professional writing in the 1990s to start a used and antiquarian book service, Avalon Books. He co-wrote with Jones \"The Comic Book Heroes\", a book dedicated to the history of the American comic book industry from the Silver Age to the present.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Crossed (comics)", "paragraph_text": "Crossed is a comic book written by Garth Ennis and drawn by Jacen Burrows for the first ten issues, and published by Avatar Press. Following volumes \"Crossed: Family Values\", \"Crossed 3D\", and \"Crossed: Psychopath\" were written by David Lapham. A new series, \"Crossed: Badlands\" is written and drawn by rotating creative teams. The franchise has also spawned two webcomics: \"Crossed: Wish You Were Here\", which ran from 2012\u20132014, and \"Crossed: Dead or Alive\", which began syndication in November 2014.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Comic book", "paragraph_text": "A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form. Although comics has some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. The first modern comic book, \"Famous Funnies\", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics. The term \"comic book\" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Garth Ennis", "paragraph_text": "Garth Ennis (born 16 January 1970) is a Northern Irish-born naturalized American comics writer, best known for the Vertigo series \"Preacher\" with artist Steve Dillon and his successful nine-year run on Marvel Comics' Punisher franchise. He has collaborated with artists such as Dillon and Glenn Fabry on \"Preacher\", John McCrea on \"Hitman\", and Carlos Ezquerra on both \"Preacher\" and \"Hitman\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nunzio DeFilippis", "paragraph_text": "Nunzio DeFilippis is an American writer of comic books and television. He writes with his wife, Christina Weir, whom he met while they were both students at Vassar College. The two have written for two seasons on HBO's \"Arli$$\", and have sold story ideas to the Disney Channel's \"Kim Possible\". In comics, they have written several graphic novels and miniseries for independent publisher Oni Press, including \"Skinwalker, Three Strikes, Maria's Wedding, The Tomb, Once In A Blue Moon\" the Amy Devlin Mysteries, Frenemy Of The State (written with Rashida Jones), and Bad Medicine. Their work at Oni led to work at Marvel Comics, relaunching the teen mutant book \"New Mutants\". This book was renamed \"\". Their run on these books spanned three years and created almost two dozen new super-powered mutant characters for Marvel's X-Men franchise, including Surge, Hellion, Wind Dancer, Prodigy, Wallflower, Elixir, Tag, Rockslide, Mercury, Anole, and Wither. They have also written for DC Comics, with stories appearing in \"Wonder Woman, Adventures of Superman\" and \"Batman Confidential\" and Dark Horse with \"Dragon Age: Knight Errant.\" The duo also work in the expanding field of Japanese manga, providing English adaptations for the Del Rey titles \"Guru-Guru Pon-Chan, Sugar Sugar Rune\" and \"Kagetora\". They also write original English language manga for Seven Seas Entertainment, writing one of the company's launch titles, \"Amazing Agent Luna\" and the pirate manga, \"Destiny's Hand\". DeFilippis also wrote, without his wife, an issue of DC Comics' \"Detective Comics\". He taught comic writing at UCLA Extension before teaching screenwriting and comic book writing at the Los Angeles branch of the New York Film Academy, where he is now Chair of the Screenwriting Department and Dean of Faculty.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Comic book convention", "paragraph_text": "A comic book convention or comic con is an event with a primary focus on comic books and comic book culture, in which comic book fans gather to meet creators, experts, and each other. Commonly, comic conventions are multi-day events hosted at convention centers, hotels, or college campuses. They feature a wide variety of activities and panels, with a larger number of attendees participating in cosplay than most other types of fan conventions. Comic book conventions are also used as a vehicle for industry, in which publishers, distributors, and retailers represent their comic-related releases. Comic book conventions may be considered derivatives of science-fiction conventions, which began in the late 1930s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Metropolis Collectibles", "paragraph_text": "Metropolis Collectibles is a famous rare comic book dealer of vintage American comics, primarily known for its large collection of comic books originally published in the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Metropolis was founded in 1984 by Stephen Fishler, and merged companies in 1999 with Vincent Zurzolo, Jr., of Vincent's Collectibles.; Zurzolo said that as he found he could not compete with Fishler's business, merging the two made sense. The company is located on Broadway in New York City, and the comic book showroom allows viewings by appointment only. Over the years, Metropolis Collectibles has grown from being a comic-book mail-order company to maintaining a major online retail presence. In addition to being comic book buyers and comic book sellers, Metropolis also gives comic book appraisals and provides comic book valuation services of rare, old out-of-print comics. Metropolis Collectibles has obtained a variety of notable classic comic book collections over the years, or \"pedigrees\", including the Crowley Collection, the Allentown Pedigree, the D-Copy Collection, and the Northford Collection. In August 2014, the company was able to purchase a near-mint copy of \"Action Comics #1\" (CGC 9.0) for $3.2 million in an auction on eBay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Glenn Greenberg", "paragraph_text": "Glenn Greenberg (b. in New York City) is an American comic book and fiction writer. At the beginning of his career, he became a regular Marvel Comics writer, penning stories for \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\", \"The Rampaging Hulk\", \"The Silver Surfer\", and \"Dracula\". He has also written articles for comic book magazines such as \"Back Issue! \".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Star Crossed (comics)", "paragraph_text": "Star Crossed, is a three-issue comic book mini-series published in 1997 under the short-lived DC Comics imprint, Helix. Written and illustrated by Matt Howarth, \"Star Crossed\" recounts the surrealist tale of a deep-space romance between a genetically engineered \u00fcber-woman and a sentient asteroid. Consistent with the performance of other Helix titles, \"Star Crossed\" failed to appeal to a broad readership and the poor sales figures which accompanied its publication coincided with a general downturn in the American comic book industry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Comics artist", "paragraph_text": "A comics artist (also comic book artist or graphic novel artist, comic book producer, comic book illustrator, comic book writer, and comic book author) is a person working within the comics medium on comic strips, comic books, or graphic novels. The term may refer to any number of artists who contribute to produce a work in the comics form, from those who oversee all aspects of the work to those who contribute only a part.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a90937955429933b8a20568", "question_text": "The father of Manning Marius Kimmel retired from the Navy in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1942"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Manning M. Kimmel", "paragraph_text": "Manning Marius Kimmel (also known as Marius Manning Kimmel, October 25, 1832 \u2013 February 27, 1916) was a military officer who served on both sides of the American Civil War. He entered the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1853 and graduated in 1857. After initially fighting for the Union, he switched sides to the Confederacy, one of four West Point graduates to fight on both sides during the war. In the Confederate Army, he served as adjutant general and assistant adjutant general on the staff of generals Benjamin McCulloch and Earl Van Dorn, and as inspector general on John Magruder's staff. He was the father of Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, who commanded the United States Pacific Fleet during the Attack on Pearl Harbor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Cornelis Nagtglas", "paragraph_text": "Cornelis Johannes Marius Nagtglas (16 May 1814\u00a0\u2013 19 January 1897) was a Dutch politician and civil servant, who made a career in the administration on the Dutch Gold Coast. After originally beginning his career at the rather advanced age of 36, he was promoted through the ranks to eventually become Governor of the Dutch Gold Coast in 1858. He retired to the Netherlands in 1862, but returned to the Gold Coast as governor in 1869, to restore order in the embattled colony. In 1871, he left the Gold Coast again, one year before the transfer of the colony to the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Claudius Xenophon", "paragraph_text": "Claudius Xenophon (or Xenephon) was a governor of Britannia Inferior, a province of Roman Britain around AD 223. He is named on two milestones with nearly identical texts, which can be dated to that year. He succeeded Marius Valerianus, whose rule is attested in AD 222; and his governorship must have ended by AD 225, when another governor is mentioned in a fragmentary inscription, which only provides part of the name (Maximus). He is also mentioned in inscriptions in Vindolanda and perhaps at Chesters. His father is thought to be a T. Cl(audius) T. f(ilius) Papiria Xenophon, who is mentioned in inscriptions and papyri in various procuratorships in Egypt and Dacia under Commodus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 79 BC)", "paragraph_text": "Appius Claudius Pulcher (c. 139 BC \u2013 76 BC) was a Roman politician of the 1st century BC. There is uncertainty about who his father was. It was most probably the Appius Claudius Pulcher who was consul in 143 BC. He was a supporter of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and served as praetor in 88 BC. He was exiled in that year by Gaius Marius while Sulla was away in the east. He returned to Rome after Lucius Cornelius Cinna died in 84 BC, and served as consul in 79 BC and as governor of Roman Macedonia from 78 BC to 76 BC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Husband E. Kimmel", "paragraph_text": "Husband Edward Kimmel (February 26, 1882 \u2013 May 14, 1968), nicknamed \"Kim\", was an admiral in the United States Navy. At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he was Commander in Chief of the United States Fleet (CINCUS) and the U.S. Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT). He was removed from command after the December 1941 attack and reduced from four-star to the two-star rank of rear admiral. He retired from the Navy in early 1942.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Fame at the Mansion", "paragraph_text": "Fame at the Mansion was an exclusive black tie event held February 12, 2012, at the Los Angeles Playboy Mansion on the evening of the 54th Grammy Awards. The event, hosted by Grammy Award winner Sean Combs, featured an honorary ceremony for Playboy's founding father Hugh Hefner and was a media heavy fundraiser for the Angelwish Foundation, which supports children and families with chronic illness. Hefner was honored as a Humanitarian of the Year by the Angelwish Foundation. Following the event, Diddy was featured on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live! \", and was quoted as saying that it was the \"best party he has ever thrown.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Marius Kohl", "paragraph_text": "Marius Kohl (born 16 September 1953) is the former chief of the Luxembourg tax agency \"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s 6\". During his 22-year tenure, he was solely responsible for approving thousands of tax arrangements for foreign companies investing capital in Luxembourg. He retired in 2013. Kohl was known by the nickname \"Monsieur Ruling\" and", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Stephen M. Speakes", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Manning Speakes (born May 21, 1952) is a retired Lieutenant General now serving as the President and CEO of Kalmar Rough Terrain Center (KRTC), LLC. The company makes rough terrain material handling equipment for the Military and Commercial markets. KRTC is located in Cibolo, Texas on the outskirts of San Antonio. As the CEO since 2013 Steve has focused on emphasizing customer relationships, expanding into the commercial marketplace while improving quality and efficiency. The company's signature product is the Rough Terrain Container Handler (RTCH) famous to Soldiers and Marines across Iraq, Afghanistan and Kuwait as the only piece of equipment capable of moving 20 and 40 foot containers \"the last tactical mile\" to the troops. Prior to joining KRTC, Steve was an executive vice president at USAA from 2010-2013 responsible for enterprise strategy, and external affairs. Steve's final assignment in a 35-year Army career was as the Deputy Chief of Staff G-8 Programs for The United States Army. In that role Speakes was responsible for developing and presenting the Army's financial strategy to the Executive Branch and to Congress. He was also charged with equipping the Army during a time of wartime operations when demand for new force protection capabilities required innovative and adaptive solutions. Previously, Steve served in a wide variety of command and staff assignments in the US, Germany, Iraq and Kuwait. He is married to Judy, a retired physician assistant, and also a proud father.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mario von Bucovich", "paragraph_text": "Mario von Bucovich (1884-1944) was also known as Marius von Bucovich. He was born at Pula in the Istrian region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and held the title of Baron. His father, August, Freiherr von Bucovich, was a former Corvette Captain in the Austro-Hungarian navy and later an entrepreneur in the railroad concession sector. Mario von Bucovich's wife, Marie, was also a photographer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Manning Kimmel", "paragraph_text": "Manning Marius Kimmel (April 22, 1913 - on or around July 26, 1944) was a United States Navy submarine officer in World War II and the son of Admiral Husband E. Kimmel. He served as both junior and Executive Officer on several submarines, and finally assumed command of USS \"Robalo\" as a Lieutenant Commander. Kimmel was reportedly killed when \"Robalo\" was sunk off the island of Palawan. However, the specific circumstances surrounding his death remain unclear.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77984d5542992a6e59df14", "question_text": "What occupation do Henry Moore and John Wesley have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["minister"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Three-Piece Reclining Figure: Draped 1975", "paragraph_text": "Three Piece Reclining Figure: Draped 1975 is a bronze sculpture by Henry Moore, catalogued as LH 655. It is approximately 4.7m long. Seven casts and an artists proof were made. Three publicly exhibited casts are situated in the Sodra Kungsgatan in G\u00e4vle, Sweden at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, USA, and at the Henry Moore Foundation in Perry Green, Hertfordshire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Man Enters the Cosmos", "paragraph_text": "Man Enters the Cosmos is a cast bronze sculpture by Henry Moore located on the Lake Michigan lakefront outside the Adler Planetarium in the Museum Campus area of downtown Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The planetarium, which is both a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in the Near South Side community area of Chicago. Moore's sculpture is a functional bowstring equatorial sundial created in 1980 measuring approximately 13 ft . The sundial was formerly located slightly further south at the steps of the main entry plaza to the Planetarium, but it now sits directly on the lakefront. The work is a later copy of a composition first created in the 1960s for the offices of \"The Times\" newspaper at Printing House Square in London, and according to the Henry Moore Foundation is titled Sundial 1965\u201366.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "John Wesley Work Jr.", "paragraph_text": "John Wesley Work Jr. (August 6, 1871 - September 7, 1925) was the first African-American collector of folk songs and spirituals, and also a choral director, educationalist and songwriter. He is now sometimes known as John Wesley Work II, to distinguish him from his son, John Wesley Work III.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "John Wesley", "paragraph_text": "John Wesley ( or ; 28 June\u00a0[O.S. 17 June]\u00a01703 2 March 1791) was an English Anglican cleric and theologian who, with his brother Charles and fellow cleric George Whitefield, founded Methodism.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wesley's Chapel", "paragraph_text": "Wesley's Chapel is a Methodist church in London that was built under the direction of John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist movement. It is now a place of worship and visitor attraction, incorporating the Museum of Methodism in its crypt and John Wesley's House next to the chapel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "John Wesley (guitarist)", "paragraph_text": "John Wesley, also known as Wes Dearth (born John Wesley Dearth, III in June 1962) is an American singer, songwriter and guitar player. John Wesley's professional music career began in the early 1980s in the Tampa, Florida area where he founded 1991 Southwestern Music Conference's showcase act Autodrive along with drummer/producer Mark Prator. The following year, Wesley embarked on a solo career and became the opening act for British rockers Marillion on seven consecutive tour legs around the world, especially North and South America, the UK and Europe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Manchester and Salford Wesleyan Methodist Mission", "paragraph_text": "The Manchester and Salford Wesleyan Methodist Mission was set up in 1886 in Greater Manchester, North West England. The Central Hall building on Oldham Street became the head office for the mission. Before Central Hall was built, there was a previous chapel (called the Oldham Street Chapel), which was opened by John Wesley in 1781. John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley were the founders of Methodism in England in 1729; the Manchester and Salford Wesleyan mission was named after them, as were many other missions (and missionaries). There were \u201cnumerous and flourishing voluntary societies to combat vice, and religious societies to enlighten the faithful\u201d; the society set up by the Wesley brothers in Oxford in 1729 was \u201cto prove that the decline of the religious spirit had been exaggerated\u201d. When the chapel in Oldham Street was demolished, it was replaced by the Methodist Central Hall (which housed the Manchester and Salford Wesleyan Mission).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Henry Moore (biographer)", "paragraph_text": "Henry Moore (1751\u20131844) was an English Wesleyan minister and biographer.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sheep Piece 1971\u201372", "paragraph_text": "Sheep Piece is a sculpture by Henry Moore made in three sizes from 1969-1972, starting in 1969 with a 14 cm maquette (LH 625) modelled in plaster and then cast in bronze, enlarged in 1971 to a 142 cm working model (LH 626) in plaster and then cast in bronze, and finally a full size bronze (LH 627) on a monumental scale, 570 cm high, cast in 1971-72. The four full-size casts are at the Henry Moore Foundation in Perry Green, Hertfordshire, in Z\u00fcrich, in Kansas City, and at the Donald M. Kendall Sculpture Gardens in Purchase, New York.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Henry Moore Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Henry Moore Foundation is a registered charity in England, established for education and promotion of the fine arts \u2014 in particular, to advance understanding of the works of Henry Moore. The charity was set up with a gift from the artist in 1977. The Foundation supports a wide range of projects, including student bursaries, fellowships for artists and financial grants to various arts institutions. It operates from Perry Green in Hertfordshire and at the Henry Moore Institute in Leeds, England.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab7ccf455429928e1fe3910", "question_text": "What was the 2010 population of the town where Lake George Avenue Historic District is located?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["5,042"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Greenwich Avenue Historic District", "paragraph_text": "The Greenwich Avenue Historic District is a historic district representing the commercial and civic historical development of the downtown area of the town of Greenwich, Connecticut. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 31, 1989. Included in the district is the Greenwich Municipal Center Historic District, which was listed on the National Register the year before for the classical revival style municipal buildings in the core of Downtown. Most of the commercial buildings in the district fall into three broad styles, reflecting the period in which they were built: Italianate (late 19th century), Georgian Revival (early 20th century), and Commercial style (after World War I). The district is linear and runs north-south along the entire length of Greenwich Avenue, the main thoroughfare of Downtown Greenwich, between U.S. Route 1 and the New Haven Line railroad tracks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Avery Street Historic District", "paragraph_text": "Avery Street Historic District, is a national historic district located at Parkersburg, Wood County, West Virginia. It is to the east of the Julia-Ann Square Historic District and south of the Parkersburg High School-Washington Avenue Historic District. Primarily residential, it encompasses 109 acres and includes churches, a school, and a small commercial area. Built as Parkersburg's first \"suburb\" in the late-19th and early-20th century in popular architectural style such as Colonial Revival and Queen Anne, the district exhibits 12 distinctive types of Historic architecture. There are 358 contributing buildings, 59 of which are considered to be pivotal. U.S. Senator Johnson N. Camden (1826-1908) owned most of the land now included in the district. Located in the district are the separately listed Parkersburg Women's Club and the First Presbyterian Church/Calvary Temple Evangelical Church.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ticonderoga, New York", "paragraph_text": "Ticonderoga is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 5,042 at the 2010 census. The name comes from the Mohawk \"tekontar\u00f3:ken\", meaning \"it is at the junction of two waterways\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lake George Battlefield Park Historic District", "paragraph_text": "Lake George Battlefield Park Historic District is a national historic district relating to the French and Indian War Battle of Lake George and located near Lake George in Warren County, New York. The parkland was purchased and developed by New York State between 1896 and 1965. It encompasses numerous significant archaeological sites related to a series of conflicts dated from about 1755 to 1814. The archaeological sites include those related to Fort George (1759), earthen trenches (1757-1758), and barracks and hospitals dated to the 1750s. The historic districts also includes a number of plaques and monuments including those commemorating Henry Knox (1925), the Bloody Morning Scout (1935), and Fr. Isaac Jogues (1939). Other contributing features relate to the property's development as a park and include the battlefield park and battlefield campground, Fort George Road, the Delaware and Hudson Railway right of way (c. 1880), the Dowling Farmhouse (c. 1870), and the maintenance complex (c. 1890-c. 1920s).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Lake George Avenue Historic District", "paragraph_text": "Lake George Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Ticonderoga, in Essex County, New York. The district contains 20 contributing buildings on 14 properties; 12 houses and eight garages. It includes single-family homes built between 1919 and 1921 by W.A. Gale for the Ticonderoga Pulp and Paper Company as rental properties for company management. The houses share a common American Craftsman influenced bungalow style. Gale also constructed the houses in the Amherst Avenue Historic District.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "West Garrison Avenue Historic District", "paragraph_text": "The West Garrison Avenue Historic District is a historic district encompassing the oldest commercial section of Fort Smith, Arkansas. When listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, the district included just a five-block stretch of Garrison Avenue, the major east-west thoroughfare in the city and one its oldest, dating to the city's founding in 1838. The district included more than fifty historically significant buildings built before 1912. The area was significantly affected by a major tornado in September 1996, in which thirteen historic buildings were destroyed and others damaged. The district was subsequently enlarged in 2001 to encompass 175 buildings with historic significance to 1951. These buildings are located along the length of Garrison Avenue (twelve blocks), as well as Rogers Avenue and North \"A\" Street, which run parallel to Garrison (north and south of it, respectively), and the connecting north-south blocks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Amherst Avenue Historic District", "paragraph_text": "Amherst Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Ticonderoga, in Essex County, New York. The district contains 16 contributing buildings on ten properties; 10 houses and six garages. It includes single-family homes built between 1921 and 1923 by W.A. Gale for the Ticonderoga Pulp and Paper Company as rental properties for company management. Gale also constructed the houses in the Lake George Avenue Historic District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Harvard Avenue Historic District", "paragraph_text": "The Harvard Avenue Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Linden Street, Commonwealth Avenue, Harvard Avenue, and Park Vale Avenue in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Its spine is Harvard Avenue, a major north-south thoroughfare connecting Allston to points north (generally via Cambridge Street toward Cambridge), and south toward Brookline. The area underwent a population explosion in the early 20th century, and Harvard Avenue was developed roughly between 1905 and 1925 as a commercial and residential spine. Notable buildings in the district include the Allston Station building, designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, and the Harvard Avenue Fire Station.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Boston\u2013Edison Historic District", "paragraph_text": "The Boston\u2013Edison Historic District is a historic neighborhood located in the geographic center of Detroit, Michigan. It consists of over 900 homes built on four east/west streets: West Boston Boulevard, Chicago Boulevard, Longfellow Avenue, and Edison Avenue, stretching from Woodward Avenue on the east to Linwood Avenue on the west. It is one of the largest residential historic districts in the nation. It is surrounded by Sacred Heart Major Seminary to the west, the Arden Park-East Boston Historic District and the Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament to the east, and the Atkinson Avenue Historic District to the south. The district was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Swiss Avenue Historic District", "paragraph_text": "The Swiss Avenue Historic District is a residential neighborhood in East Dallas, Dallas, Texas (USA). It consists of installations of the Munger Place addition, one of East Dallas' early subdivisions. The Swiss Avenue Historic District is a historic district of the city of Dallas, Texas. The boundaries of the district comprise both sides of Swiss Avenue from Fitzhugh Steet, to just north of La Vista, and includes portions of Bryan Parkway. The District includes the 6100-6200 blocks of La Vista Drive, the west side of the 5500 block of Bryan Parkway the 6100-6300 blocks of Bryan Parkway, the east side of the 5200-5300 block of Live Oak Street, and the 4900-6100 blocks of Swiss Avenue. The entire street of Swiss Avenue is not included within the bounds of the Swiss Avenue Historic District. Portions of the street run through Dallas' Peaks Suburban Addition neighborhood and Peak's Suburban Addition Historic District.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f5a185542992414482a71", "question_text": "Of these two publication--B\u00e1iki and Sick--what type of publication is the one that was published most frequently? ", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["satirical-humor magazine"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "American Jewish Year Book", "paragraph_text": "The American Jewish Year Book (AJYB) has been published since 1899. Publication was initiated by the Jewish Publication Society (JPS). In 1908, the American Jewish Committee (AJC) assumed responsibility for compilation and editing while JPS remained the publisher. From 1950 through 1993, the two organizations were co-publishers, and from 1994 to 2008 AJC became the sole publisher. From 2012 to the present, Springer has published the \"Year Book\" as an academic publication. The book is published in cooperation with the Berman Jewish DataBank and the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Publication bias", "paragraph_text": "Publication bias is a type of bias that occurs in published academic research. It occurs when the outcome of an experiment or research study influences the decision whether to publish or otherwise distribute it. Publication bias matters because literature reviews regarding support for a hypothesis can be biased if the original literature is contaminated by publication bias. Publishing only results that show a significant finding disturbs the balance of findings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "B\u00e1iki", "paragraph_text": "B\u00e1iki: The International S\u00e1mi Journal (\"B\u00e1iki\" means place in Sami) is a biannual English-language publication that covers Sami culture, history, and current affairs. The coverage also includes the community affairs of the Sami in North America, estimated at some 30,000 people.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mainz Psalter", "paragraph_text": "The Mainz Psalter was the second major book printed with movable type in the West; the first was the Gutenberg Bible. It is a psalter commissioned by the Mainz archbishop in 1457. The Psalter introduced several innovations: it was the first book to feature a printed date of publication, a printed colophon, two sizes of type, printed decorative initials, and the first to be printed in three colours. The colophon also contains the first example of a printer's mark. It was the first important publication issued by Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer following their split from Johannes Gutenberg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Morning Chronicle", "paragraph_text": "The Morning Chronicle was a newspaper founded in 1769 in London, England, and published under various owners until 1862, when its publication was suspended, with two subsequent attempts at continued publication. From 28 June 1769 to March 1789 it was published under the name \"The Morning Chronicle, and London Advertiser\". From 1789 to its final publication in 1865, it was published under the name \"The Morning Chronicle\". It was notable for having been the first steady employer of essayist William Hazlitt as a political reporter, and the first steady employer of Charles Dickens as a journalist; for publishing the articles by Henry Mayhew that were collected and published in book format in 1851 as \"London Labour and the London Poor\"; and for publishing other major writers, such as John Stuart Mill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pittosporum kirkii", "paragraph_text": "Pittosporum kirkii is a glabrous evergreen perennial shrub that reaches up to 5 m in height and possesses distinctive coriaceous, fleshy, thick leaves. It is one of four shrubs endemic to New Zealand that frequently displays an epiphytic lifestyle. \"P. kirkii\" is commonly epiphytic, perched amongst nest epiphytes in the canopies of emergent or canopy trees in old-growth forest; however, it can be observed occasionally growing on the ground or over rocks (in a rupestral lifestyle). The type locality of \"P. kirkii\" is Great Barrier Island. It was first described by Joseph Dalton Hooker from material collected by Thomas Kirk, published in 1869. The initial brief description titled \"Pittosporum n. sp. ?\" by Thomas Kirk was published in his paper on Great Barrier Island in 1868. This description along with herbarium specimens were sent to Dr. J. D Hooker at Kew Gardens in 1868, and he collaborated to name it after T. Kirk, by giving it the specific epithet \"kirkii\" within the publication that was otherwise written by Kirk.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sick (magazine)", "paragraph_text": "Sick was a satirical-humor magazine published from 1960 to 1980, lasting 134 issues.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Agricultural Museum (periodical)", "paragraph_text": "The Agricultural Museum was the first agricultural periodical magazine published in the United States, first printed July 4, 1810. <ref name =\"Kane/Barnett\"> Kane, p. 13: \"The first agricultural journal was the \"Agricultural Museum\", a sixteen-page octavo issued July 4, 1810, under the sponsorship of the Columbian Agricultural Society. It was edited by Rev. David Wiley and printed by W. A. Rind at Georgetown, B.C. The first volume was semi-monthly, but beginning with volume two it was issued monthly. Subscription was $2.50 for 24 numbers. Publication ceased May 1812. (Agricultural History. April 1928. Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 99-102 \"In the references to the history of the agricultural literature of the United States, The American Farmer, the first number of which was published in Baltimore on April 2, 1819, is quite generally given the honor of being the first agricultural periodical published in the United States. It is without doubt rightfully considered the great precursor of our present agricultural periodical press, but there was another little known agricultural periodical which actually preceded The American Farmer by nearly nine years and which, it is believed, is entitled to the distinction of being the first agricultural journal published in this country. The name of it was The Agricultural Museum, and the first number appeared on July 4, 1810. Its place of publication was Georgetown in the District of Columbia, or \"George- town, Ca.\" as it is given on the publication. It was printed by W. A. Rind. The editor of the periodical was Rev. David Wiley.\")\" </ref>", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Top Pops number-one singles", "paragraph_text": "\"Top Pops\" is a former British weekly pop music newspaper. It was founded as a monthly publication by Woodrow Wyatt in May 1967, becoming fortnightly in November 1967. On 25 May 1968, editor Colin Bostock-Smith began compiling a singles sales chart using a telephone sample of approximately twelve W H Smith & Son stores \u2013 the first single to reach number one on the \"Top Pops\" chart was \"Young Girl\" by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap. The charts and paper were published weekly with effect from 22 June 1968. On 20 September 1969 the paper was rebranded \"Top Pops & Music Now\", and subsequently became \"Music Now\" from 21 March 1970 \u2013 at this point the chart was sampling between 30 and 40 stores. From 27 February 1971 the chart was no longer published and in May 1971 the newspaper ceased publication. During the publication of the chart, 55 different singles reached number one. The only one to be knocked off number one and then regain the top spot was \"Mony Mony\" by Tommy James and the Shondells. The final chart-topper was \"My Sweet Lord\" by George Harrison.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Type 346 Radar", "paragraph_text": "Type 346 radar is a highly digitized, multi-function, dual-band (S and C bands) naval active phased array radar (APAR) installed on Type 052C destroyers, Type 052D destroyers and Type 055 destroyers of the PLAN. The radar is named as the Star of the Sea (Hai-Zhi-Xing, \u6d77\u4e4b\u661f) by its developer and it is one of the two competitors for PLAN\u2019s SAPARS (Shipborne Active Phased Array Radar System) project/program. Due to its secrecy and lack of information, Type 346 radar has been frequently but erroneously confused with a Chinese fire control radar Type 348, and mistakenly identified as Type 348 by many sources. Furthermore, it is also frequently confused with and misidentified as Sea Lion series C-band phased array radars developed by another design house.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a85c3225542992a431d1b95", "question_text": "The 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy was the debut of a Jamaican cricketer who is a right-handed what?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["middle order batsman"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sam Davies (cricketer)", "paragraph_text": "Davies made his 2nd XI debut for Glamorgan vs MCC young cricketers and has to date made over 25 appearances for the county. He later made his Test Match debut for Wales Minor Counties against Lincolnshire in the 2009 MCCA Knockout Trophy. His Minor Counties Championship debut came in the same season against Shropshire. To date he has made fourteen Minor Counties Championship and ten MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for a degree in Sports Coaching at the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, Davies made his debut in first-class cricket for Cardiff MCCU against Somerset in 2012 at Taunton Vale Sports Club Ground, making scores of 42 and 14.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy squads", "paragraph_text": "These were the eleven squads (all Test nations and two ODI nations) picked to take part in the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy, the second installment of the Champions Trophy cricket tournament. The tournament was held in Kenya from 3 to 15 October 2000. In the preliminary quarter finals, two ODI full-status teams Kenya and Zimbabwe played with India and Sri Lanka respectively, and India and Sri Lanka won their matches convincingly. In third preliminary quarter final, England beat Bangladesh to secure his position in Knockout Tournament. New Zealand won the second edition of the ICC KnockOut Trophy by defeating India in the final by four wickets, which was their first ICC event to be won.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Marlon Samuels", "paragraph_text": "Marlon Nathaniel Samuels (born 5 February 1981) is a Jamaican cricketer who plays internationally for the West Indies in all three formats, and a former ODI captain. He is a right-handed middle order batsman and an off-spinner. He was a key member of the West Indies team that won the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 and 2016 ICC World Twenty20, and was named man of the match in the final of both tournaments, becoming first man to achieve the feat.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Peter Kingston-Davey", "paragraph_text": "Peter William Kingston-Davey (22 October 1940) is a former English cricket umpire from Tiverton, Devon. In 1995, Kingston-Davey first stood as an umpire in a Minor Counties Championship match between Dorset and Wales Minor Counties. Two years later he stood in his first MCCA Knockout Trophy match, played between Dorset and Wales Minor Counties. He stood in his first List A match in the 1999 NatWest Trophy played between Devon and Berkshire. Between 1999 and 2003 he stood in 5 List A matches, the last of which he stood in was between Devon and Suffolk in the 1st round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2003. Peter-Kingston stood as an umpire in Minor counties cricket until 2006, by which time he had stood in 39 Minor Counties Championship matches and 15 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy squads", "paragraph_text": "These were the nine squads (all Test nations) picked to take part in the 1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy, the first installment of the Champions Trophy cricket tournament. The tournament was held in Bangladesh from 24 October to 2 November 1998. Teams could name a preliminary squad of 30, but only 14-man squads were permitted for the actual tournament, one month before the start of the tournament. In the knockout tournament, New Zealand and Zimbabwe were the only teams to play a pre-quarter final match. New Zealand won the match and qualified for the quarter-final where they faced Sri Lanka. South Africa won the inaugural edition of the ICC KnockOut Trophy by defeating West Indies in the final by four wickets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Guy Randall-Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Guy Philip Randall-Johnson (born 8 December 1959) is a former English cricketer and umpire from Crediton, Devon. Randall-Johnson initially played Minor counties cricket for Devon between 1987 and 1991. In 1993, Randall-Johnson first stood as an umpire in a Minor Counties Championship match between Dorset and Wales Minor Counties. Two years later he stood in his first MCCA Knockout Trophy match, played between Cornwall and Devon. He stood in his first List A match in the 1999 NatWest Trophy played between the Somerset Cricket Board and Bedfordshire. Between 1999 and 2003 he stood in 7 List A matches, the last of which he stood was between Dorset and Buckinghamshire in the 1st round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2003. Randall-Johnson stood as an umpire in Minor counties cricket until 2008, by which time he had stood in 54 Minor Counties Championship matches and 25 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made headlines in 2006 for walking out of a Minor Counties Championship match after being on the receiving end of abuse from Berkshire players after he gave Berkshire captain Julian Wood out LBW. After not getting an apology from the players, he walked out of the game, with others having to deputise for him.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy (officially known as Wills International Cup, also known as Mini World Cup) was a One Day International (ODI) cricket tournament held in Bangladesh. It was the first tournament apart from the World Cups to involve all Test playing nations. The winners of the Knock-out stage\u2014India, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Indies\u2014reached the semi-finals. South Africa made their way to the final by defeating Sri Lanka in the first semi-final by 92 runs; the match was reduced to 39 overs per innings due to rain. In the second semi-final, West Indies defeated India by six wickets, and qualified for the final.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ray Wynter", "paragraph_text": "Ray Ricardo Wynter (born 27 November 1955) is a former Jamaican cricketer who played first-class and one-day cricket for Jamaica from 1975 until 1982. A right-handed batsman and right-arm opening bowler, he played 30 matches in all in those formats. In 1983, Wynter participated in a rebel tour of South Africa. As a result, he and all the other players on the tour received a lifetime ban from West Indian cricket. Wynter later emigrated to the United States, and played for the U.S. national team at the 1990 ICC Trophy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy", "paragraph_text": "The 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy was a One Day International cricket tournament held in Kenya (which helped to booster cricket in Kenya). New Zealand were crowned champions and cashed the winner's cheque of US$250 000. It was their first win in a major ICC tournament. Zaheer Khan, Yuvraj Singh and Marlon Samuels made their ODI debuts during the competition.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Stafanie Taylor", "paragraph_text": "Stafanie Roxann Taylor, OD (born 11 June 1991) is a Jamaican cricketer who is current captain of West Indies women's cricket team. She has represented West Indies women's cricket team over 80 times since her debut in 2008. A right-handed batsman and off break bowler, Taylor was selected as the 2011 ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year \u2013 the first West Indian to receive the accolade. Born in Jamaica, Taylor broke into the West Indies team in 2008, aged 17, and immediately inserted herself as a key member of the team. She scored her highest Twenty20 total on debut, striking 90 runs from 49 balls to help her side to a large victory. In the 2016 World Twenty20, she was the highest run-scorer and named player of the series. She played in her 100th Women's One Day International (WODI) match, when the West Indies played India in the group stage of the 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup, on 29 June 2017.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae07b0155429945ae95935d", "question_text": "Which novelist was German, David Guterson or Thomas Mann?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Paul Thomas Mann"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Thomas Mann Prize", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Mann Prize (\"German\": Thomas-Mann-Preis) is a literary prize of Germany. In full the title is \"Thomas Mann Prize of the city of L\u00fcbeck and the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts\". It is given in alternate years in L\u00fcbeck and in Munich. The award is the product of a merger of two prizes in 2010, the Thomas Mann Preis der Hansestadt L\u00fcbeck (Thomas Mann Prize L\u00fcbeck) and the Gro\u00dfen Literaturpreis (Great Literature Prize) of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts. The Thomas Mann Prize L\u00fcbeck was first awarded in 1975; the Great Literature Prize was first awarded in 1950.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Thomas Mann House", "paragraph_text": "The Thomas Mann House at 1550 San Remo Drive in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, California, was designed by the modernist architect JR Davidson for the exiled German writer Thomas Mann in 1941. Mann lived at the house between 1942 and 1952 before his emigration to Switzerland, where he spent the last three years of his life. The house was sold by Mann to an American lawyer and his wife, and remained in their family until its 2016 purchase by the German government. A restoration of the house is planned, and it is intended that the house will become an artist's residence, like the nearby Villa Aurora, the home of fellow German exile Lion Feuchtwanger.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Snow Falling on Cedars (film)", "paragraph_text": "Snow Falling on Cedars is a film directed by Scott Hicks. It is based on David Guterson's award-winning novel of the same title. It was released in 1999 and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Snow Falling on Cedars", "paragraph_text": "Snow Falling on Cedars is a 1994 award-winning novel written by American writer David Guterson. Guterson, who was a teacher at the time, wrote the book in the early morning hours over a ten-year period. Because of the success of the novel, however, he quit his job and began to write full-time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "David Guterson", "paragraph_text": "David Guterson ( ; born May 4, 1956) is an American novelist, short story writer, poet, journalist, and essayist. He is best known as the author of the book \"Snow Falling on Cedars\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Holy Sinner", "paragraph_text": "The Holy Sinner (in German, \"Der Erw\u00e4hlte\") is a German novel written by Thomas Mann. Published in 1951, it is based on the medieval verse epic \"Gregorius\" written by the German Minnesinger Hartmann von Aue (c. 1165-1210). The book explores a subject that fascinated Thomas Mann to the end of his life \u2013 the origins of evil and evil's connection with magic. Here Mann uses a medieval legend about \"the exceeding mercy of God and the birth of the blessed Pope Gregory\" as he used the biblical account of Joseph as the basis for Joseph and His Brothers \u2013 illuminating with his post-modernist \"irony\" the nature and relevance of medieval philosophy to the modern world (said connexion being \"illuminated\" is, in fact, ironic \u2013 in the classical sense).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mann family", "paragraph_text": "The Mann family is a German Hanseatic family, members of the small ruling class of the city republic of L\u00fcbeck. The family's most famous member is Nobel Prize for Literature laureate Thomas Mann, who portrayed his own family and social class in the novel \"Buddenbrooks\". The family became part of the commercial elite of L\u00fcbeck from the late 18th century. In 1877, Thomas Mann's father Thomas Johann Heinrich Mann was elected Senator of L\u00fcbeck (corresponding to Minister of Finance in other German states).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Thomas Mann", "paragraph_text": "Paul Thomas Mann (] ; 6 June 1875 \u2013 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. His highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas are noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul used modernized German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Goethe, Nietzsche and Schopenhauer.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Golo Mann", "paragraph_text": "Golo Mann (27 March 1909 \u2013 7 April 1994), born Angelus Gottfried Thomas Mann, was a popular historian, essayist and writer. He was the third child of the novelist Thomas Mann and his wife Katia Mann.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Thomas Mann Gymnasium (Budapest)", "paragraph_text": "The German School of Budapest - Thomas Mann Gymnasium (commonly referred to as DSB) (\"German: Deutsche Schule Budapest - Thomas Mann Gymnasium\") is a private international school in Budapest, Hungary. It was founded in 1908, and then re-founded in 1990, to serve German families in Hungary. It now has a diverse student body with primarily children of the expatriate business and diplomatic communities. The school is part of the worldwide network of the German (German schools abroad). Considered to be one of the best schools of its kind, it was awarded a Certificate of Excellence by the Central Agency for German Schools Abroad in 2012.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a751bbe5542993748c897ba", "question_text": "Which 1962 film starring Tom Courtenay is based on a short story of the same name?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Dresser (1983 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Dresser is a 1983 film, with a screenplay by Ronald Harwood, based on his 1980 play \"The Dresser\". It tells the story of an aging actor's personal assistant, who struggles to keep his charge's life together. The film was directed by Peter Yates and produced by Yates with Ronald Harwood. Cinematography was by Kelvin Pike. It stars Albert Finney, Tom Courtenay, Zena Walker, Eileen Atkins, Michael Gough and Edward Fox. Finney and Courtenay were both nominated for Academy Awards, BAFTA Awards and Golden Globe Awards for their performances, with Courtenay winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Drama in a tie with Robert Duvall in \"Tender Mercies.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "King Rat (film)", "paragraph_text": "King Rat is a 1965 World War II film directed by Bryan Forbes, and starring George Segal as Corporal King and James Fox as Marlowe, two World War II prisoners of war in a squalid camp near Singapore. Among the supporting cast were John Mills and Tom Courtenay. The film was adapted from James Clavell's novel \"King Rat\" (1962), which in turn is partly based on Clavell's experiences as a POW at Changi Prison during the Second World War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "45 Years", "paragraph_text": "45 Years is a 2015 British romantic drama film directed and written by Andrew Haigh. The film is based on the short story \"In Another Country\" by David Constantine. The film was screened in the main competition section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival. Charlotte Rampling won the Silver Bear for Best Actress and Tom Courtenay won the Silver Bear for Best Actor. At the 88th Academy Awards, Rampling received a nomination for Best Actress in a Leading Role.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "A Dandy in Aspic", "paragraph_text": "A Dandy in Aspic is a 1968 Technicolor and Panavision British spy film, directed by Anthony Mann, based on the novel of the same name by Derek Marlowe and starring Laurence Harvey, Tom Courtenay, and Mia Farrow. It was the Mann's final film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Private Potter", "paragraph_text": "Private Potter is a 1962 British drama film directed by Caspar Wrede and starring Tom Courtenay, Mogens Wieth, Ronald Fraser, and James Maxwell.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tom Courtenay", "paragraph_text": "Sir Thomas Daniel Courtenay ( ; born 25 February 1937) is an English actor who came to prominence in the early 1960s with a succession of films, including \"The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner\" (1962), \"Billy Liar\" (1963), and \"Doctor Zhivago\" (1965). Since the mid-1960s, he has been known primarily for his work in the theatre, although he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for the film adaptation of \"The Dresser\" (1983), which he had performed on the West End and on Broadway. He received a knighthood in February 2001 for his service to cinema and theatre.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Let Him Have It", "paragraph_text": "Let Him Have It is a 1991 British drama film directed by Peter Medak and starring Christopher Eccleston, Paul Reynolds, Tom Courtenay and Tom Bell. The film is based on the true story of Derek Bentley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner", "paragraph_text": "\"The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner\" is a short story by Alan Sillitoe, published in 1959 as part of a short story collection of the same name. The work focuses on Smith, a poor Nottingham teenager from a dismal home in a working class area, who has bleak prospects in life and few interests beyond petty crime. The boy turns to long-distance running as a method of both an emotional and a physical escape from his situation. The story was adapted for a 1962 film of the same title, with Sillitoe writing the screenplay and Tony Richardson directing. The part of Smith (now called Colin) was played by Tom Courtenay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Otley (film)", "paragraph_text": "Otley is a 1969 British comedy thriller film, starring Tom Courtenay and Romy Schneider. It was adapted by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais from a book by Martin Waddell, and released by Colombia Pictures. Film critic Judith Crist described it as \"a bright, breezy, light-handed but never lightheaded spies-and-counterspies story\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae2c6bf554299492dc91c6c", "question_text": "Which Austrian writer and journalist introduced the term \"Journaille \"", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Karl Kraus"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Karl Kraus (writer)", "paragraph_text": "Karl Kraus (April 28, 1874 \u2013 June 12, 1936) was an Austrian writer and journalist, known as a satirist, essayist, aphorist, playwright and poet. He directed his satire at the press, German culture, and German and Austrian politics. The Austrian author Stefan Zweig once called Kraus \"the master of venomous ridicule\" (\"der Meister des giftigen Spotts\").", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Stephan Templ", "paragraph_text": "Stephan Templ is an Austrian writer and journalist who is best known as the co-author of the book \"Unser Wien (Our Vienna)\" that details how hundreds of Jewish businesses in Vienna were seized by the Nazis and never given back.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Daniel Glattauer", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Glattauer (born May 19, 1960) is an Austrian writer and former journalist. He was born in Vienna, where he still lives and works. A former regular columnist for \"Der Standard,\" a national daily newspaper, he is best known for his dialogic epistolary novel \"Love Virtually (Gut gegen Nordwind)\" and its sequel \"Every Seventh Wave (Alle sieben Wellen)\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Wall (2012 drama film)", "paragraph_text": "The Wall (German: Die Wand ) is a 2012 Austrian-German drama film written and directed by Julian P\u00f6lsler and starring Martina Gedeck. Based on the 1963 novel \"Die Wand\" by Austrian writer Marlen Haushofer and adapted for the screen by Julian P\u00f6lsler, the film is about a woman who visits with friends at their hunting lodge in the Austrian Alps. Left alone while her friends walk to a nearby village, the woman soon discovers she is cut off from all human contact by a mysterious invisible wall. With her friends' loyal dog Lynx as her companion, she lives the next three years in isolation looking after her animals. \"The Wall\" was filmed on location in the Salzkammergut region of the Austrian Alps. The film was selected as the Austrian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Leopold von Sacher-Masoch", "paragraph_text": "Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch (27 January 1836 \u2013 9 March 1895) was an Austrian writer and journalist, who gained renown for his romantic stories of Galician life. The term masochism is derived from his name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Short Letter, Long Farewell", "paragraph_text": "Short Letter, Long Farewell (German: Der kurze Brief zum langen Abschied ) is a 1972 novel by the Austrian writer Peter Handke. It tells the story of a young Austrian writer who travels across the United States in search of his wife from whom he is estranged. The film-director John Ford appears as a character who brings resolution at the end of the road on the coast of California. His film Young Mr. Lincoln also serves as a point of reference and an antidote to the alienation experienced by the stranger crossing the States. The novel shares many themes and motifs with the film \"Alice in the Cities\" from 1974, directed by Handke's frequent collaborator Wim Wenders; the film can be seen as a response to the book.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nathan Birnbaum", "paragraph_text": "Nathan Birnbaum (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05ea\u05df \u05d1\u05d9\u05e8\u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd\u200e \u200e ; pseudonyms: \"Mathias Acher\", \"Dr. N. Birner\", \"Mathias Palme\", \"Anton Skart\", \"Theodor Schwarz\", and \"Pantarhei\") (16 May 1864 \u2013 2 April 1937) was an Austrian writer and journalist, Jewish thinker and nationalist. His life had three main phases, representing a progression in his thinking: a Zionist phase (c. 1883 \u2013 c. 1900); a Jewish cultural autonomy phase (c. 1900 \u2013 c. 1914) which included the promotion of the Yiddish language; and religious phase (c. 1914\u20131937) when he turned to Orthodox Judaism and became staunchly anti-Zionist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Otto Basil", "paragraph_text": "Otto Basil (24 December 1901 Vienna - 19 February 1983 (Pseudonyms: Markus H\u00f6rmann, Camill Schmall) was an Austrian writer publisher and journalist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Rudolf Brunngraber", "paragraph_text": "Rudolf Brunngraber (1901, Vienna - 1960) was an Austrian writer, journalist and painter who worked with Otto Neurath. His novels were translated into eighteen languages, with more than a million books sold.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Journaille", "paragraph_text": "\"Journaille \" is a German pejorative term used to refer to tabloid journalism and the yellow press. The term is a neologism from the early 20th century, formed from the word journalism and the French loan-word \"kanaille\" (\"canaille\"), meaning scum, scoundrel or rabble. The term was introduced by the Austrian writer Karl Kraus in an article in his journal \"Die Fackel\" in 1902. In a later article in the same journal, Kraus wrote that the original inventor of the term was the Austrian dramaturge Alfred von Berger. The pejorative term was much used by the German Nazi Party in their attacks on the press of the Weimar Republic. Unlike many other terms used by the Nazis, the word \"journaille \" is still used in present-day Germany, and has also established itself in the political parlance of the Netherlands and Flanders.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8510a25542994c784ddaf0", "question_text": "What profession does Stephen Jay Gould and Ann Beattie have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["writer"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ann Beattie", "paragraph_text": "Ann Beattie (born September 8, 1947) is an American novelist and short story writer. She has received an award for excellence from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters and the PEN/Malamud Award for excellence in the short story form. Her work has been compared to that of Alice Adams, J.D. Salinger, John Cheever, and John Updike. She holds an undergraduate degree from American University and a master's degree from the University of Connecticut.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jay Gould House", "paragraph_text": "The Jay Gould House was a mansion located at 857 Fifth Avenue at East 67th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. It was constructed for Jay Gould in the French Neo-Gothic style, and given by Gould to his son George Jay Gould in 1868. The younger Gould tore the mansion down in 1906, and had the George J. Gould House built in its place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jay Gould II", "paragraph_text": "Jay Gould II (September 1, 1888 \u2013 January 26, 1935) was an American real tennis player and a grandson of the railroad magnate Jay Gould. He was the world champion (1914\u20131916) and the Olympic gold medalist (London, 1908, then under the name jeu de paume). He held the U.S. Amateur Championship title continuously from 1906\u20131925, winning 18 times (no tournaments were held during the U.S. involvement in World War I). During the same period, he never lost a set to an American amateur, and lost only one singles match, to English champion E.M. Baerlein. The court built for him by his father at the family's Georgian Court estate was restored in 2005. Jay Gould II is the great great uncle of US Olympic cyclist Georgia Gould, who qualified to race in the London 2012 Olympiad.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "I Have Landed", "paragraph_text": "I Have Landed (2002) is the 10th and final volume of collected essays by the Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould. The essays were culled from his monthly column \"This View of Life\" in \"Natural History\" magazine, to which Gould contributed for 27 years. The book deals, in typically discursive fashion, with themes familiar to Gould's writing: evolution and its teaching, science biography, probabilities and common sense.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Stephen Jay Gould", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Jay Gould ( ; September 10, 1941 \u2013 May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. He was also one of the most influential and widely read writers of popular science of his generation. Gould spent most of his career teaching at Harvard University and working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. In 1996 Gould was also appointed as the Vincent Astor Visiting Research Professor of Biology at New York University, where he divided his time teaching both there and at Harvard.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dinosaur in a Haystack", "paragraph_text": "Dinosaur in a Haystack (1995) is the seventh volume of collected essays by the Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould. The essays were culled from his monthly column \"The View of Life\" published in \"Natural History\" magazine, which Gould contributed for 27 years. The book deals with themes familiar to Gould's writing: evolution, science biography, probabilities, and strange oddities found in nature.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Flamingo's Smile", "paragraph_text": "The Flamingo's Smile: Reflections in Natural History, published in 1985, is the fourth volume of collected essays from evolutionary biologist and well-known science writer Stephen Jay Gould; the essays were culled from his monthly column \"The View of Life\" in \"Natural History\" magazine, to which Gould contributed for more than two decades. The book deals, in typically discursive fashion, with themes familiar to Gould's writing: evolution and its teaching, science biography, probabilities and common sense.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Eight Little Piggies", "paragraph_text": "Eight Little Piggies (1993) is the sixth volume of collected essays by the Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould. The essays were selected from his monthly column \"The View of Life\" in \"Natural History\" magazine, to which Gould contributed for 27 years. The book deals, in typically discursive fashion, with themes familiar to Gould's writing: evolution and its teaching, science biography, probabilities and common sense.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Structure of Evolutionary Theory", "paragraph_text": "The Structure of Evolutionary Theory (2002) is Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould's technical book on macroevolution and the historical development of evolutionary theory. The book was twenty years in the making, published just two months before Gould's death. Aimed primarily at professionals, the volume is divided into two parts. The first is a historical study of classical evolutionary thought, drawing extensively upon primary documents; the second is a constructive critique of the modern synthesis, and presents a case for an interpretation of biological evolution based largely on hierarchical selection, and the theory of punctuated equilibrium (developed by Niles Eldredge and Gould in 1972).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ever Since Darwin", "paragraph_text": "Ever Since Darwin is a 1977 book by the paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould. Gould's first book of collected essays, it originated from his monthly column \"This View of Life,\" published in \"Natural History\" magazine. Edwin Barber\u2014who was then the editorial director for W. W. Norton & Company\u2014 encouraged Gould to produce a book. He soon commissioned Gould to write \"The Mismeasure of Man\", but it was not until three years later, when Gould accumulated 33 columns, that it occurred to either of them that the \"Natural History\" columns should be published in a single volume. The collection of essays, written between 1973\u20131977, became a best-seller and propelled Gould to national prominence.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a83880e554299123d8c214e", "question_text": "Suicide's 1977 released album features a song based on what brand's comic character?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Marvel"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kiss (Carly Rae Jepsen album)", "paragraph_text": "Kiss is the second studio album by Canadian recording artist Carly Rae Jepsen. It was released on September 14, 2012, by 604, Schoolboy and Interscope Records. After her debut, \"Tug of War\" (2008), which managed to receive success in Canada but was never released worldwide, \"Kiss\" became Jepsen's first internationally released album. Songs on the album are in the nu-disco, dance-pop, and teen pop genres, drawing inspiration from The Cars, Madonna, and Swedish performer, Robyn. Featuring production from a wide collection of producers including Dallas Austin, Josh Ramsay, and Redfoo, the album features a track with guest vocals from Justin Bieber.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Levolution (album)", "paragraph_text": "Levolution is the second studio album by Australian rock band Juke Kartel, and the first American released album. Levolution was released to the Australian public through Carved Records on 20 August 2010, and later released to the United States on 28 September 2010. Produced by Brian Virtue (Jane's Addiction, Velvet Revolver, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Chevelle) and Rick Parashar (Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, 3 Doors Down, Nickelback), the album features a half-dozen freshly penned tracks and six from the band's 2009 Australian CD, Nowhere Left to Hide, remixed by Dan Korneff (My Chemical Romance, Cavo). With its overarching theme of personal growth and \"the journey we\u2019re all on\", says vocalist/lyricist Toby Rand, Levolution finds musical parity in its strong hooks, multi-textured instrumentals and passionate vocals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Deceit (Doctor Who novel)", "paragraph_text": "Deceit is an original novel written by Peter Darvill-Evans and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Seventh Doctor, Ace and Bernice. Also included is \"Doctor Who Magazine\" comic character Abslom Daak, in his first appearance outside \"DWM\". A prelude to the novel, also penned by Darvill-Evans, appeared in \"Doctor Who Magazine\" #198.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "A Boy in a Man's World", "paragraph_text": "A Boy in a Man's World is the second studio album by Mucky Pup. The album was recorded at Nevessa Productions and released in 1989 through Torrid Records and Roadrunner Records. The album features a re-recorded version of \"U-Stink-But-I-\u2665-U,\" which the band had previously won a Bloom County songwriting contest with. The band would also shoot their first music video for this song. The album also features \"Batman\", a song based on an urban legend that also contains a snippet of the title theme to the 1966 \"Batman\" TV.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ghost Rider (Suicide song)", "paragraph_text": "Ghost Rider is a song by the protopunk band Suicide appearing on their debut album. The song is based on the Marvel Comics character.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "In My Country There Is Problem", "paragraph_text": "\"In My Country There Is Problem\", also known as \"Throw the Jew Down the Well\" after the song's key line, is a song written by British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen for his comic character Borat Sagdiyev. It features in the 'Country Music' segment of \"Borat's Guide to the USA (Part 2)\", that focuses heavily on the (positive) reaction of the patrons of an Arizona country and western bar to the antisemitic sentiments of the song. It appeared in \"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "A Week of Garfield", "paragraph_text": "A Week of Garfield (\u30ac\u30fc\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u4e00\u9031\u9593 , G\u0101firudo no Isshukan ) is a 1989 Family Computer title based on the comic character Garfield. It was only released in Japan due to issues with using the Garfield license in North America and Europe. It is the third video game to be based on Jim Davis' \"Garfield\" Comics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Suicide (1977 album)", "paragraph_text": "Suicide is the debut album from the American rock band Suicide. It was released in 1977 on Red Star Records and produced by Craig Leon and Marty Thau. The album was recorded in four days at Ultima Sound Studios in New York and featured Martin Rev's minimalist electronics and harsh, repetitive rhythms paired with Alan Vega's rock and roll-inspired vocals and depictions of urban life.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nagaram (2010 film)", "paragraph_text": "Nagaram Marupakkam (English: The other side of the town ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil action film co-produced written and directed by Sundar C., who himself plays the lead role. Co-produced by his wife Kushboo, the film also stars Anuya Bhagvath and Vadivelu in pivotal roles and features music by Thaman. Sundar's first directorial after five years, \"Nagaram\" released on 19 November 2010, it is based on the 1993 American movie Carlito's Way . The film is very well known for comedy sequences and portrayal of the comic character \"Style Pandi\" by Vadivelu.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Impossible Dream", "paragraph_text": "Impossible Dream is Patty Griffin\u2019s fifth commercially released album, and fourth studio album. It was released on April 20, 2004. The album features an unlisted song \u2013 Griffin\u2019s mother and father singing \u201cThe Impossible Dream\u201d \u2013 at the end of \u201cTop of the World.\u201d", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade4da055429939a52fe878", "question_text": "My Neighbor Totoro was produced by a Japanese animation film studio founded in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1985"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Makiko Futaki", "paragraph_text": "Makiko Futaki (June 19, 1958 \u2013 May 13, 2016) was a Japanese animator best known for her work at Studio Ghibli for more than thirty years. Futaki, who joined Studio Ghibli in 1981, worked on all of Hayao Miyazaki's animated feature films, beginning with \"Nausica\u00e4 of the Valley of the Wind\" in 1984. Her best known Studio Ghibli's productions include \"My Neighbor Totoro\" (1988), \"Princess Mononoke\" (1997), \"Spirited Away\" (2001), which won an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, and \"Howl's Moving Castle\" (2004). Her last film credit was Hiromasa Yonebayashi's \"When Marnie Was There\" (2014), which is Studio Ghibli's final feature film to date.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of Digimon Adventure 02 episodes", "paragraph_text": "\"Digimon Adventure 02\" is a 50-episode sequel of the 1999 anime series \"Digimon Adventure\". It was created by Toei Animation and aired in Japan on Fuji TV between April 2, 2000, and March 25, 2001. The series was directed by Hiroyuki Kakud\u014d and produced by Keisuke Okuda. Music for \"Digimon Adventure 02\" was composed by Takanori Arisawa, and characters were designed by Katsuyoshi Nakatsuru. The story, set in an alternate timeline of the real world, opens four years after the events of \"Digimon Adventure\" with the next generation of DigiDestined children. In their quest to maintain peace in the Digital World, the children battle both new and returning foes. In a 2001 survey published by Japanese anime and entertainment magazine \"Animage\" of its readers, \"Digimon Adventure 02\" placed 17th, tied with the 1988 film \"My Neighbor Totoro\", on the list of anime that should be most remembered in the 21st century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ufotable", "paragraph_text": "Ufotable, Inc. (\u30e6\u30fc\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u6709\u9650\u4f1a\u793e , Y\u016bf\u014dt\u0113buru y\u016bgen-gaisha ) is a Japanese animation studio founded in October 2000 by former TMS Entertainment staff through its subsidiary Telecom Animation Film and located in Nakano, Tokyo Prefecture. A unique hallmark seen in many of their works (\"Ninja Nonsense\", \"Futakoi Alternative\", \"Coyote Ragtime Show\", \"Gakuen Utopia Manabi Straight! \", \"\", \"Kara no Ky\u014dkai\") is a claymation sequence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Short films by Studio Ghibli", "paragraph_text": "Studio Ghibli is a Japanese animation film studio founded in 1985. In addition to producing 18 feature films, the studio has produced several short films, including commercials, films for the Ghibli Museum, music videos, and works released directly to video.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Studio Ghibli", "paragraph_text": "Studio Ghibli, Inc. (Japanese: \u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30b9\u30bf\u30b8\u30aa\u30b8\u30d6\u30ea , Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Sutajio Jiburi ) is a Japanese animation film studio based in Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. The studio is best known for its anime feature films, and has also produced several short films, television commercials, and one television film. It was founded on 15 June 1985, after the success of \"Nausica\u00e4 of the Valley of the Wind\" (1984), with funding by Tokuma Shoten.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "CoMix Wave Films", "paragraph_text": "CoMix Wave Films, Inc. (Japanese: \u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30fb\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30d6\u30fb\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30e0 , Hepburn: Komikkusu U\u0113bu Firumu ) is a Japanese animation film studio and distribution company based in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. The studio is known for its anime feature films, short films, and television commercials, particularly those made by director Makoto Shinkai. It was founded in March 2007 when it split from CoMix Wave Inc., which was initially formed in 1998 from Itochu Corporation, ASATSU (now ADK), and other companies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "First Human Giatrus", "paragraph_text": "Giatrus (Japanese: \u30ae\u30e3\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u30ba , Hepburn: Gy\u0101toruzu ) is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Shunji Sonoyama. It spawned two other manga, two anime television series, a television drama, and an anime film. The first TV series mark the debut of Joe Hisaishi, composer of \"My Neighbor Totoro\" and \"Spirited Away\". The official English title is Gon, The Stone-Age Boy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ghibli Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Ghibli Museum (\u4e09\u9df9\u306e\u68ee\u30b8\u30d6\u30ea\u7f8e\u8853\u9928 , Mitaka no Mori Jiburi Bijutsukan , Mitaka Forest Ghibli Museum) is a museum showcasing the work of the Japanese animation studio Studio Ghibli. It is located in Inokashira Park in Mitaka, a western city of Tokyo, Japan. The museum combines features of a children's museum, technology museum, and a fine arts museum, and is dedicated to the art and technique of animation. Some features include a replica of the Catbus from \"My Neighbor Totoro\" (1988), a caf\u00e9, bookstore, rooftop garden, and a theater for exclusive short films by Studio Ghibli.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "My Neighbor Totoro", "paragraph_text": "My Neighbor Totoro (Japanese: \u3068\u306a\u308a\u306e\u30c8\u30c8\u30ed , Hepburn: Tonari no Totoro ) is a 1988 Japanese animated fantasy film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and produced by Studio Ghibli. The film \u2013 which stars the voice actors Noriko Hidaka, Chika Sakamoto, and Hitoshi Takagi \u2013 tells the story of the two young daughters (Satsuki and Mei) of a professor and their interactions with friendly wood spirits in postwar rural Japan. The film won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize and the Mainichi Film Award and Kinema Junpo Award for Best Film in 1988. It also received the Special Award at the Blue Ribbon Awards in the same year.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Azumi Inoue", "paragraph_text": "Azumi Inoue (\u4e95\u4e0a \u3042\u305a\u307f or \u4e95\u4e0a\u674f\u7f8e , Inoue Azumi , born February 10, 1965 in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese singer. She graduated from Yugakkan High School in Kanazawa. She is best known for singing the opening and ending theme songs for the Hayao Miyazaki film \"My Neighbor Totoro\": \"Sanpo\" and \"My Neighbor Totoro\". She is known for having a clear, light voice.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77720255429967ab10517f", "question_text": "In what year did both Orson Scott Card's novel \"Ender's Game\" and Keri Hulme's \"The Bone People\" come out?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1985"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ender in Exile", "paragraph_text": "Ender in Exile is a science fiction novel by Orson Scott Card, part of the \"Ender's Game\" series, published on November 11, 2008. It takes place between the two award-winning novels: \"Ender's Game\" and \"Speaker for the Dead\". It could also be considered a parallel novel to the first three sequels in the Shadow Saga, since the entirety of this \"trilogy\" takes place in the span of \"Ender in Exile\". The novel concludes a dangling story line of the Shadow Saga, while it makes several references to events that take place during the Shadow Saga. From yet another perspective, the novel expands (or \"replaces\") the last chapter of the original novel \"Ender's Game\". On the one hand, it fills the gap right before the last chapter, and on the other hand, it fills the gap between the last chapter and the original (first) sequel (both named \"Speaker for the Dead\"). \"Ender in Exile\" begins one year after Ender has won the bugger war, and begins with the short story \"Ender's Homecoming\" from Card's webzine Intergalactic Medicine Show. Other short stories that were published elsewhere are included as chapters of the novel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Bone People", "paragraph_text": "The Bone People (styled by the writer and in some editions as the bone people) is a Booker Prize-winning 1984 novel by New Zealand writer Keri Hulme.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ender's Game (short story)", "paragraph_text": "\"Ender's Game\" is a story by Orson Scott Card. It first appeared in the August 1977 issue of \"Analog\" magazine and was later expanded into the novel \"Ender's Game\". Although the foundation of the Ender's Game series, the short story is not properly part of the \"Ender's Game\" universe, as there are many discrepancies in continuity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Orson Scott Card", "paragraph_text": "Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951) is an American novelist, critic, public speaker, essayist, and columnist. He writes in several genres but is known best for science fiction. His novel \"Ender's Game\" (1985) and its sequel \"Speaker for the Dead\" (1986) both won Hugo and Nebula Awards, making Card the only author to win both science fiction's top U.S. prizes in consecutive years. A feature film adaptation of \"Ender's Game\", which Card co-produced, was released in late October 2013 in Europe and on November 1, 2013, in North America.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Shadow of the Hegemon", "paragraph_text": "Shadow of the Hegemon (2001) is the second novel in the \"Ender's Shadow\" series (often called the Bean Quartet) by Orson Scott Card. It is also the sixth novel in the \"Ender's Game\" series. It is told mostly from the point of view of Bean, a largely peripheral character in the original novel \"Ender's Game\" but the central protagonist of the parallel narrative \"Ender's Shadow.\" \"Shadow of the Hegemon\" was nominated for a Locus Award in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Keri Hulme", "paragraph_text": "Keri Hulme (born 9 March 1947) is a New Zealand writer. Her only novel, \"The Bone People\", won the Booker Prize in 1985.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Orson Scott Card bibliography", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the works of Orson Scott Card. This list does not include criticisms, reviews, or related material written by Card. Orson Scott Card is the author of The Ender saga and Homecoming Saga among many other works.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "A War of Gifts: An Ender Story", "paragraph_text": "A War of Gifts: An Ender Story (2007) is a science fiction novel by Orson Scott Card. This book is set in Card's Ender's Game series and takes place during Ender Wiggin's time at Battle School as described in Card's novels \"Ender's Game\" and \"Ender's Shadow\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ender Wiggin", "paragraph_text": "Andrew \"Ender\" Wiggin is a fictional character from Orson Scott Card's 1985 science fiction novel \"Ender's Game\" and its sequels (\"Speaker for the Dead\", \"Xenocide\", \"Children of the Mind\", \"Ender in Exile\"), as well as in the first part of the spin-off series, \"Ender's Shadow\". The book series itself is an expansion, with some changes to detail, of Card's 1977 short story \"Ender's Game.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "List of Ender's Game series short stories", "paragraph_text": "There are various sources for short stories set in the Ender's Game series. One is the short story collection \"First Meetings\" by Orson Scott Card. This collection contains the original novelette \"Ender's Game\" plus three other stories. Another source is Card\u2019s webzine \"InterGalactic Medicine Show\". The first four stories from Card's webzine: \"Mazer in Prison,\" \"Pretty Boy,\" \"Cheater,\" and \"A Young Man with Prospects,\" also appear in the paperback anthology \"Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show\". Reprints of short stories in the Ender's Game series can be found in other science fiction anthologies.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac3090d5542990b17b154fc", "question_text": "Operalia, The World Opera Competition helped launch the career of an operatic soprano of what nationality?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Bulgarian"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ao Li", "paragraph_text": "Ao Li (born 8 February 1988) is a Chinese operatic bass-baritone and voice teacher who is particularly known for his performances at the San Francisco Opera. In 2013 he won first prize in the Operalia, The World Opera Competition and in 2014 he won the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sonya Yoncheva", "paragraph_text": "Sonya Yoncheva (Bulgarian: \u0421\u043e\u043d\u044f \u0419\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430, born 25 December 1981) is a Bulgarian operatic soprano.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Maria Katzarava", "paragraph_text": "Maria Katzarava (born 1984) is an opera singer from Mexico who achieved international fame by winning first place in the Operalia competition in the opera and zarzuela categories. Prior to this, she came to the attention of notable Mexican tenor Ram\u00f3n Vargas, who helped her get a scholarship, and then won Mexico's Carlo Morelli national singing competition in 2005, which earned her a debut at the Palacio de Bellas Artes. Since winning the Operalia competition, Katzarava has performed in Europe, where she currently lives, Asia and the Americas. She currently trains with soprano Mirella Freni.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rachel Willis-S\u00f8rensen", "paragraph_text": "Rachel Willis-S\u00f8rensen (born 1984) is an American operatic soprano. She was a winner of the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions in 2010. In 2014, she won first prize, the Birgit Nilsson Prize, and the Zarzuela Prize of the Operalia competition. Other awards include first place in the 2009 Eleanor McCollum Competition for Young Singers in Houston and the 2010 Sara Tucker Grant from the Richard Tucker Music Foundation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Guanqun Yu", "paragraph_text": "Guanqun Yu (; born 1982) is a Chinese soprano who has sung in opera houses and concert halls internationally. In 2008 she won the Belvedere International Singing Competition and in 2012 she placed 2nd in the Operalia, The World Opera Competition. She is particularly known for portraying heroines in the operas of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Giacomo Puccini, and Giuseppe Verdi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Operalia, The World Opera Competition", "paragraph_text": "Operalia, The World Opera Competition is an annual international competition for young opera singers. Founded in 1993 by Pl\u00e1cido Domingo, the competition has helped launch the careers of several important artists, such as Joseph Calleja, Giuseppe Filianoti, Rolando Villaz\u00f3n, Jos\u00e9 Cura, Joyce DiDonato, Elizabeth Futral, Inva Mula, Ana Mar\u00eda Mart\u00ednez and Sonya Yoncheva.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bogdan Volkov", "paragraph_text": "Bogdan Volkov is a Russian operatic tenor. Born in Ukraine, one of the most young talented tenors of his generation. He is the winner of second prize at Pl\u00e1cido Domingo\u2019s Operalia, The World Opera Competition in Guadalajara, Mexico in 2016 and first prize at the Paris Opera Competition in 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Joseph Calleja", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Calleja, (born 22 January 1978 in Attard), is a Maltese tenor. He began singing at the age of 16, having been discovered by tenor Brian Cefai and continued his studies with Paul Asciak. At 19, he made his operatic debut as Macduff in Verdi's \"Macbeth\" at the Astra Theatre in Gozo and went on to become a prize winner at the Belvedere Hans Gabor Competition the same year. In 1998, he won the Caruso Competition in Milan and was a prize winner in Pl\u00e1cido Domingo's Operalia International Opera Competition in 1999.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Liao Changyong", "paragraph_text": "Prof. Liao Changyong (; born October 25, 1968), sometimes referred in Western media as C. Y. Liao or Changyong Liao, is a Chinese operatic baritone and academic. He won first prize in three different international competitions in 1996 and 1997: the Operalia, The World Opera Competition; the French International Toulouse Singing Competition; and the Queen Sonja International Music Competition. While his performance career has mainly been in China, he has appeared as a guest artist with opera companies and orchestras internationally. He is the head of the voice department at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Andrea Carroll (soprano)", "paragraph_text": "Andrea Carroll is an American soprano who has had an active international career in concerts and operas since 2012. A finalist in the 2015 Operalia, The World Opera Competition, she is particularly known for her performances with the Houston Grand Opera and the Vienna State Opera.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adcfebe5542992c1e3a24f3", "question_text": "How many members were in the South Korean boy group whose first official sub-unit is Bastarz?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["seven members"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Block B", "paragraph_text": "Block B (Korean: ) is a South Korean boy group created by Cho PD in 2011. The group consists of seven members: Taeil, B-Bomb, Jaehyo, U-Kwon, Park Kyung, Zico and P.O.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Infinite H", "paragraph_text": "Infinite H (Korean: \uc778\ud53c\ub2c8\ud2b8H ) is the first official sub-unit of South Korean boy group Infinite formed under Woollim Entertainment in 2013. The sub-group consists of Infinite members Dongwoo and Hoya. The sub-unit debuted with their mini album titled Fly High in January 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hey Mama! (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Hey Mama\" is the debut single by EXO-CBX, the first official sub-unit of the South Korean boy group EXO. It was released on October 31, 2016 by S.M. Entertainment as the title track of their debut extended play \"Hey Mama! \". The Japanese version of the song was released on May 24, 2017 along with their Japanese debut EP \"Girls\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Girls (EXO-CBX EP)", "paragraph_text": "Girls is the debut Japanese extended play by EXO-CBX, the first official sub-unit of the South Korean boy group EXO. It was released on May 24, 2017 by Avex Trax and distributed by Avex Music Creative. The EP features seven tracks in total including the Japanese version of their debut Korean single \"Hey Mama!\" and a bonus track that will be included only in the first edition of the album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bastarz", "paragraph_text": "Bastarz (Korean: \ubc14\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc988; stylized BASTARZ) is the first official sub-unit of the South Korean boy group Block B. Established in April 2015, the sub-unit consists of three members: Block B's two main dancers, B-Bomb and U-Kwon, and the rapper P.O. The sub-unit debuted with their first mini album, entitled \"Conduct Zero,\" on April 14, 2015, and released their second mini album, \"Welcome 2 Bastarz,\" on October 31, 2016.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Leo (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Jung Taek-woon (Hangul:\u00a0\uc815\ud0dd\uc6b4 , born on November 10, 1990), better known by his stage name Leo (Hangul:\u00a0\ub808\uc624 ), is a South Korean singer, songwriter and musical theatre actor, signed under Jellyfish Entertainment. Known for his high-pitched, sharp, and clear vocals, Leo debuted as a member of the South Korean boy group VIXX in May 2012, and began his acting career in 2014 in the musical \"Full House\" as Lee Young-jae. In 2015 he began his songwriting career, and with VIXX member Ravi formed VIXX's first official sub-unit VIXX LR.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "EXO-CBX", "paragraph_text": "EXO-CBX (, also known as CBX or ChenBaekXi) is the first official sub-unit of South Korean boy group EXO. Formed by S.M. Entertainment in 2016, the group is composed of three EXO members: Chen, Baekhyun, and Xiumin. Their debut extended play \"Hey Mama! \" was released in October 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "VIXX LR", "paragraph_text": "VIXX LR (Korean: \ube45\uc2a4 LR ) is the first official sub-unit of South Korean boy band VIXX formed by Jellyfish Entertainment. Established in August 2015, VIXX LR consists of VIXX's main vocalist Leo and main rapper Ravi. The sub-unit debuted with their first mini album, titled \"Beautiful Liar\" on August 17, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ka-Ching! (EXO-CBX song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Ka-CHING!\" is the Japanese debut single by EXO-CBX, the first official sub-unit of the South Korean boy group EXO. It was officially released on May 24, 2017 by Avex Trax as the title track of their debut Japanese extended play \"Girls\". The song was first revealed in the short version of the music video on May 1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hey Mama!", "paragraph_text": "Hey Mama! is the debut extended play by EXO-CBX, the first official sub-unit of the South Korean boy group EXO. It was released on October 31, 2016 by S.M. Entertainment under distribution by KT Music. The EP features five tracks in total with a variety of genres.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab529965542990594ba9d1e", "question_text": "Which casino closed first The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel or Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino ? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino", "paragraph_text": "Trump Plaza is a closed hotel and casino on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey, owned by Trump Entertainment Resorts. Designed by architect Martin Stern, Jr., it operated from May 15, 1984 until September 16, 2014.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel", "paragraph_text": "The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel, formerly known as Golden Nugget, Bally's Grand, Atlantic City Hilton and ACH, is a closed casino and hotel located at the southern end of the boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey, owned and operated by Colony Capital. It was the city's first and only \"locals casino\". The Atlantic Club permanently closed on January 13, 2014, at 12:01 AM. largely as a result of dwindling casino visitors to Atlantic City due to increased competition in neighboring states. A third of Atlantic City's boardwalk casinos closed the same year, the others being Revel, Trump Plaza, and Showboat. Redevelopment proposals include a water park.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Saratoga Casino Hotel", "paragraph_text": "Saratoga Casino Hotel (formerly Saratoga Casino and Raceway) is an establishment in Saratoga Springs, New York. Saratoga Casino Hotel is home to a -mile standardbred race track, with a racino and hotel located inside the racetrack's grandstand. Saratoga Casino Hotel is not to be confused with the historic Saratoga Race Course thoroughbred race track located across the street on Nelson Avenue.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Trumped! (book)", "paragraph_text": "Trumped! The Inside Story of the Real Donald Trump \u2013 His Cunning Rise and Spectacular Fall is a 1991 book about Donald Trump that was written by John O'Donnell and James Rutherford, and published by Simon & Schuster. Prior to writing the book, O'Donnell worked for Trump for three years, including one year as the president and chief operating officer of the Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. In the book, O'Donnell claims that Trump is racist, cheap, and an incompetent businessman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sands Atlantic City", "paragraph_text": "The Sands Casino Hotel was a casino and hotel that operated from August 13, 1980 until November 11, 2006 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It was formerly known as the Brighton Hotel & Casino. It consisted of a 21-story hotel tower with 532 rooms and a 5-story podium housing the 57045 ft casino and various other amenities. It was adjacent to Claridge Atlantic City and its parking garage was adjacent to the Madison Hotel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ponce Plaza Hotel &amp; Casino", "paragraph_text": "The Ponce Plaza Hotel & Casino, formerly Ponce Ramada Hotel and Ponce Plaza Ramada Hotel, is a hotel in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The hotel opened in the summer of 2009 and is known for the historic value of its structure: its main entrance is a historic colonial structure known as \"Casa Saur\u00ed\" (Saur\u00ed House). In February 2013, the hotel expanded its facilities to include a casino, a cocktail lounge, and a 4-story, 200-car parking garage. On 1 July 2014, the owners left the Ramada namesake franchise and renamed the hotel Ponce Plaza Hotel & Casino.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Trump World's Fair", "paragraph_text": "Trump World's Fair at Trump Plaza was a hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey that occupied 280 feet of the Atlantic City boardwalk and was 21 floors in height. It had 500 guest rooms. It opened on April 14, 1981 as the Playboy Hotel and Casino, then changed its name in 1984 to Atlantis Hotel and Casino.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Trump Entertainment Resorts", "paragraph_text": "Trump Entertainment Resorts, Inc. was a gaming and hospitality company that owned and operated the now shuttered Trump Taj Mahal hotel and casino, as well as the now shuttered Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino and the Trump Marina located in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. Formerly known as Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts, it was founded in 1995 by Donald Trump, now 45th President of the United States, who has not had any formal role in the company since 2011, if not earlier. The company filed for bankruptcy in 2004, 2009 and 2014. It has been a subsidiary of Icahn Enterprises since 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "TEN Atlantic City", "paragraph_text": "TEN (formerly Revel Casino Hotel Atlantic City) is a closed resort, hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. It is the northernmost casino on the Atlantic City Boardwalk, located on 20 acre of land, adjacent to the Showboat Hotel. Revel opened on April 2, 2012, and after declaring Chapter 11 bankruptcy for the second time, closed on September 2, 2014. Revel was the third of four Atlantic City casinos to close in 2014. It was supposed to open in June 2017 but it didn\u2019t.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Resorts Casino Hotel", "paragraph_text": "Resorts Casino Hotel is a hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Resorts was the first casino hotel in Atlantic City, becoming the first legal casino outside of Nevada in the United States, when it opened on May 26, 1978. The resort completed an expansion in 2004, adding the 27-story Rendezvous Tower, and underwent renovations in 2011, converting the resort to a Roaring Twenties theme.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7509175542993748c897a3", "question_text": "What group of Elektra Records recording artists are known to be an indie pop band?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Saint Motel"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ed McKirdy", "paragraph_text": "Mendham Borough, New Jersey native Ed McKirdy has been performing in bands from both the West and East coasts since 1992. He has released records and CDs as the bass player for New Records Recording Artists The Suppression Swing (CA), Equal Vision Records Recording Artists Hands Tied (NJ) and The Killing Flame (CA), Defiance Records Recording Artists Face The Enemy (DC) and is currently the guitar player for Bridge 9 Records and Livewire Records Recording Artists Triple Threat (NY). McKirdy also served as vocalist for the short-lived outfit 5 Star (NJ) who released just one song \"MVP\" on the Compilation. McKirdy is also the founder of Brooklyn-based record label Livewire Records; an independent record company he started in 1999 while living in Seal Beach, California.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Life's Aquarium", "paragraph_text": "Life's Aquarium is the fourth studio album by American R&B group Mint Condition. The album was released on November 16, 1999, and it is their first album released for Elektra Records. It is their first studio recording after their departure from Perspective Records, the record company that produced their three previous albums. They made their debut as Elektra artists on the soundtrack to the motion picture \"Why Do Fools Fall in Love\" with the song \"Love is for Fools\". They were originally signed to Elektra subsidiary East West Records, but were later moved to Elektra proper for the release of \"Life's Aquarium\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Primitives", "paragraph_text": "The Primitives are an English indie pop band from Coventry, best known for their 1988 international hit single \"Crash\". Formed in 1984, disbanded in 1992 and reformed in 2009, the band's two constant members throughout their recording career have been vocalist Tracy Tracy and guitarist Paul Court. Drummer Tig Williams has been a constant member since 1987 and the reformed line-up is completed by bassist Raph Moore. Often described as an indie pop or indie rock band, The Primitives' musical style can also be seen as straddling power pop, new wave and pop punk.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Music for People (album)", "paragraph_text": "Music for People is the second album by the band VAST, released in September 12,2000 by Elektra Records. It would be VAST's last album on Elektra Records. After the success of VAST's debut album, \"Music for People\" could only produce one successful single, \"Free\", which gained major MTV exposure. However, after the mixed success of the album, VAST and Elektra Records parted ways over disappointing sales and differing views on the future of the band.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Pooh Sticks", "paragraph_text": "The Pooh Sticks were an indie pop band from Swansea, Wales recording between 1988 and 1995. They were notable for their jangly melodiousness and lyrics gently mocking the indie scene of the time such as on \"On Tape\", \"Indiepop Ain't Noise Pollution\" and \"I Know Someone Who Knows Someone Who Knows Alan McGee Quite Well\". The band changed direction on their 1991 U.S breakthrough \"The Great White Wonder\", eschewing the 'twee' British indie pop sound for a more American-styled power pop sound, akin to bands like Jellyfish and Redd Kross. Subsequent albums \"Million Seller\", released on 11 January 1993, considered by some power pop fans to be the band's best work, and \"Optimistic Fool\", released on 24 April 1995, followed in this style.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "HandClap", "paragraph_text": "\"HandClap\" is a song recorded by American indie pop band Fitz and The Tantrums. The song was released as the lead single from their self-titled album \"Fitz and the Tantrums\" on March 25, 2016 through Elektra Records. It is their highest-charting song on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at number 53.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Saintmotelevision", "paragraph_text": "Saintmotelevision (stylized as saintmotelevision) is the second studio album by American indie pop band Saint Motel. It was released on October 21, 2016, by Elektra Records.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Fitz and The Tantrums", "paragraph_text": "Fitz and The Tantrums (FATT) is an American indie pop and neo soul band from Los Angeles that formed in 2008. The band consists of Michael Fitzpatrick (lead vocals), Noelle Scaggs (co-lead vocals and percussion), James King (saxophone, flute, keyboard, percussion and guitar), Joseph Karnes (bass guitar), Jeremy Ruzumna (keyboards) and John Wicks (drums and percussion). Their debut studio album, \"Pickin' Up the Pieces\", was released in August 2010 on indie label Dangerbird Records and received critical acclaim. It reached No.\u00a01 on the \"Billboard\" Heatseekers chart. The band signed to their current label Elektra Records in early 2013 and went on to release their sophomore LP, \"More Than Just a Dream,\" on May 7, 2013. Their self-titled third album was released on June 10, 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Saint Motel", "paragraph_text": "Saint Motel is an American indie pop band from Los Angeles, whose music has been described as everything from \"dream pop\" to \"indie prog\". The band consists of A/J Jackson (lead vocals, guitar, piano), Aaron Sharp (lead guitar), Dak Lerdamornpong (bass), and Greg Erwin (drums).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Mexican Spitfires", "paragraph_text": "The Mexican Spitfires were an Australian indie rock\u2013indie pop band formed in 1986. The original lineup consisted of Price Conlan on drums, Stephen McCowage on lead guitar, Tim O'Reilly on bass and vocals, Michael Quinlan on rhythm guitar and vocals. O'Reilly, Quinlan and McCowage had all played in a psychedelic 1960s-styled indie pop band, Prince Vlad & the Gargoyle Impalers. They recorded two extended plays, \"Lupe Velez\" (1988) and \"Elephant\" (1990); however, they had disbanded late in 1989.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade0cc85542990dbb2f7f37", "question_text": "Is Ordos City more west than Yangzhong?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Yangzhong", "paragraph_text": "Yangzhong () is a county-level city under the administration of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China. It is the easternmost county-level division of Zhenjiang City.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Altanochir (1882\u20131949)", "paragraph_text": "Altanochir (1882\u20131949) was an Inner Mongolian prince, politician, and general under the Republic of China and Mengjiang governments. He served as deputy head of Yeke-juu League (today Ordos City). An ethnic Mongol, he was a native of Right-Wing Rear Banner, Ordos (today administered as Hanggin Banner, Ordos City).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ordos Ejin Horo Airport", "paragraph_text": "Ordos Ejin Horo Airport (IATA: DSN,\u00a0ICAO: ZBDS) is an airport serving Ordos City in China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is located in Ejin Horo Banner. First built in 1959 and called Dongsheng Airport, the airport ceased operation in 1983. In 2005 the airport was rebuilt at the current site with an investment of 350 million yuan, and re-opened in July 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ordos Mongolian", "paragraph_text": "Ordos Mongolian (also \"Urdus\"; Mongolian \u1823\u1837\u1833\u1823\u1830 ; Chinese \u9102\u5c14\u591a\u65af \"\u00c8'\u011brdu\u014ds\u012b\") is a variety of Central Mongolic spoken in the Ordos City region in Inner Mongolia and historically by Ordos Mongols. It is alternatively classified as a language within the Mongolic language family or as a dialect of the Central Mongolian Mongolian standard language. Due to the research of Antoine Mostaert, the development of this dialect can be traced back 100 years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2011 FIA GT1 Ordos round", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 FIA GT1 Ordos round was an auto racing event held at the Ordos International Circuit, Ordos City, China on 2\u20134 September, and was the eighth round of the 2011 FIA GT1 World Championship season. It was the FIA GT1 World Championship's first race held in China, as well as at the 3.751 km Ordos. The event was supported by Formula Pilota, and the overall event was held under the title of the \"Kangbashi Cup\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Spaceware Sky Vision II", "paragraph_text": "Sky Vision (Yuan-Jian or Yuanjian, \u8fdc\u89c1) UAVs are a series of Chinese UAVs developed by [ Beijing Sky Universe Digital City Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Spaceware, \u5317\u4eac\u5929\u5b87\u6570\u5b57\u57ce\u5e02\u79d1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8)], and some of which are manufactured by its subsidiary Ordos City China Science Flying Universe Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (\u9102\u5c14\u591a\u65af\u5e02\u4e2d\u79d1\u98de\u5b87\u79d1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dalad Banner", "paragraph_text": "Dalad Banner (Mongolian: \u1833\u1820\u182f\u1820\u1833 \u182c\u1823\u1830\u1822\u182d\u1824 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u049b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0443 \"Dalad qosi\u0263u\"; ) is a banner of western Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, lying on the southern (right) bank of the Yellow River. It is under the administration of Ordos City, although it is closer to the city of Baotou, 33 km to the north-northwest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2010 Ordos Superleague Formula round", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Ordos Superleague Formula round was a Superleague Formula round held on October 3, 2010, at the newly built Ordos International Circuit, Ordos City, China. It was Superleague Formula's first visit to China, and is followed the week after by a round through the streets of Beijing. It was the tenth round of the 2010 Superleague Formula season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ordos City", "paragraph_text": "Ordos (Mongolian: \u041e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441 \u049b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \"Ordos qota\" ; ) is one of the twelve major subdivisions of Inner Mongolia, China. It lies within the Ordos Loop of the Yellow River. Although mainly rural, Ordos is administered as a prefecture-level city. Its administrative seat is situated in Dongsheng which had a population of 582,544 inhabitants as of the 2010 census. Another Banner is being urbanized quickly around the city of Ejin Horo with about 251,894 inhabitants at the 2010 census which is the seat of Ordos Airport.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ordos International Circuit", "paragraph_text": "Ordos International Circuit(Chinese:\u9102\u5c14\u591a\u65af\u56fd\u9645\u8d5b\u8f66\u573a), built in 2010, is a motorsport facility located in Kangbashi New Area, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, China. It hosted a round of the China Touring Car Championship, Scirocco Cup China and Superleague Formula in 2010. The circuit is 3.751 km long with 18 corners.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a81456855429938b614231e", "question_text": "Between Valparaiso University and Old Dominion University, which institution has higher student enrollment?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Old Dominion University"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Old Dominion\u2013VCU basketball rivalry", "paragraph_text": "The Old Dominion\u2013VCU basketball rivalry is a college sports rivalry between the VCU Rams of Virginia Commonwealth University and the Old Dominion Monarchs of Old Dominion University. It is often regarded as the best college basketball rivalry in the Commonwealth of Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Old Dominion Monarchs baseball", "paragraph_text": "The Old Dominion Monarchs baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. The team is a member of the Conference USA, which is part of NCAA Division I and just landed the number 1 left-handed pitching prospect in New Jersey, Joey Dechiaro. Old Dominion's first baseball team was fielded in 1931 as the William and Mary College \u2013 Norfolk Division Braves. ODU joined Division I in 1977. The team plays its home games at Bud Metheny Baseball Complex in Norfolk, Virginia where it has played since 1982. ODU has won 4 conference tournament titles and have been to the NCAA Tournament eight times. The Monarchs are coached by Chris Finwood, a native of Hampton, Virginia who is in his fourth year at the helm. The Monarchs have had eleven players reach the Major Leagues and one, Justin Verlander, has played in the World Series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Valparaiso University", "paragraph_text": "Valparaiso University is a regionally accredited private university located in Valparaiso, Indiana, United States. Commonly known as Valpo, the university is a coed, four-year, Lutheran institution that enrolls about 4,500 students from over 50 countries on a campus of 350 acre .", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Matt Quatraro", "paragraph_text": "Matthew John Quatraro (born November 14, 1973) is an American professional baseball player, coach, and manager. He is the assistant hitting coach for the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball. He played college baseball for Old Dominion University from 1993 through 1996, where he was named an All-American. Quatraro played professionally from 1996 through 2003, without reaching the majors. He began coaching in 2004, and was enshrined in the Old Dominion University Sports Hall of Fame that year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Alan Harre", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Alan F. Harre (born 1940) was the eighteenth president of Valparaiso University, a post he held for 20 years from 1988 to 2008. He was succeeded by Elizabethtown College alumnus, Mark A. Heckler. Harre was designated President Emeritus of Valparaiso University on July 1, 2008 and was voted one of Valparaiso University's 150 most influential people in history by 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "2015 Old Dominion Monarchs football team", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Old Dominion Monarchs football team represented Old Dominion University in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by seventh-year head coach Bobby Wilder and played their home games at Foreman Field at S. B. Ballard Stadium in Norfolk, Virginia. They were members of the East Division of Conference USA. 2015 was the first year Old Dominion was a full member of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) and eligible for postseason play. They finished the season 5\u20137, 3\u20135 in C-USA play to finish in a three-way tie for fourth place in the East Division.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dwight W. Allen", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Dwight W. Allen (born 1931) is a professor of education, eminent scholar, and lifelong education reformist. He served as a professor and Director of Teacher Education at his \"alma mater\", the Stanford Graduate School of Education from 1959 to 1967. He was Dean of the College of Education, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, from 1968-1975. In 1978, Allen became a Professor of Education and Eminent Scholar of Educational Reform at Old Dominion University in Virginia. Allen retired from Old Dominion University in July 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Old Dominion University Fieldhouse", "paragraph_text": "Old Dominion University Fieldhouse was a 5,200 seat multi-purpose arena in Norfolk, Virginia. It opened in 1970. It was home to the Old Dominion University Monarchs and Lady Monarchs basketball teams until the 2002-03 basketball season, when the Ted Constant Convocation Center opened.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Foreman Field", "paragraph_text": "Foreman Field at S. B. Ballard Stadium is a 20,118-seat multi-purpose stadium on the campus of Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. It opened in 1936 with a football game between the University of Virginia and the College of William & Mary's Norfolk Division (which is now Old Dominion University). It is currently being used to house Old Dominion Monarchs football games, along with the Monarch Marching Band", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Old Dominion University", "paragraph_text": "Old Dominion University, also known as ODU, is a public, co-educational research university located in Norfolk, Virginia, United States, with two satellite campuses in the Hampton Roads area. It was established in 1930 as the Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary and is now one of the largest universities in Virginia with an enrollment of 24,670 students for the 2014-2015 academic year. Its campus covers over 251 acre straddling the city neighborhoods of Larchmont, Highland Park, and Lambert's Point, approximately 5 mi from Downtown Norfolk.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab67772554299110f219a12", "question_text": "What type of media does J. T. Petty and Outlast have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["video game"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Uterine cancer", "paragraph_text": "Uterine cancer or womb cancer is any type of cancer that emerges from the tissue of the uterus. It can refer to several types of cancer, with cervical cancer (arising from the lower portion of the uterus) being the most common type worldwide and the second most common cancer in women in developing countries. Endometrial cancer (or cancer of the inner lining of the uterus) is the second most common type, and fourth most common cancer in women from developed countries. Risk factors depend on specific type, but obesity, older age, and human papillomavirus infection add the greatest risk of developing uterine cancer. Early on, there may be no symptoms, but irregular vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or fullness may develop. If caught early, most types of uterine cancer can be cured using surgical or medical methods. When the cancer has extended beyond the uterine tissue, more advanced treatments including combinations of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery may be required.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "High treason", "paragraph_text": "Treason is criminal disloyalty. Historically, in common law countries, high treason is treason against the state. It was differentiated from petty treason (or \"petit\" treason), which was treason against a lesser lawful superior (such as a servant killing his master). Petty treason was restricted to cases of homicide in 1351, and came to be considered a more serious degree of murder.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Petty treason", "paragraph_text": "Petty treason or petit treason was an offence under the common law of England which involved the betrayal (including murder) of a superior by a subordinate. It differed from the better-known high treason in that high treason can only be committed against the Sovereign. In England and Wales, petty treason ceased to be a distinct offence from murder by virtue of the Offences against the Person Act 1828. It was abolished in Ireland in 1829. It never existed in Scotland. It has also been abolished in other common-law countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "J. T. Petty", "paragraph_text": "J. T. Petty (born February 28, 1977 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American filmmaker and video game writer. Petty's film and short novels contain elements of the horror genre. He wrote the Ubisoft video game, \"Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell\" as well as the survival horror games \"Outlast\" and \"Outlast 2\". He currently resides in Brooklyn, New York .", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "M Music &amp; Musicians", "paragraph_text": "M Music & Musicians (alternatively known as Music & Musicians and often shortened to just M) is an American magazine based out of Redondo Beach, California, that covers the music industry. It was established in November 2009. The central management team is made up of Merlin David (formerly of \"Performing Songwriter\"), editor Rick Taylor (\"Performing Songwriter\", American Media, Inc.), creative director Terrill Thomas (T13 Media, AtomFilms), senior editor Chris Neal (\"Performing Songwriter\", American Media, Inc.), technology editor Doug Doppler and photographer Kent Kallberg. According to its initial press release, \"\"M\" matches first-class features, interviews and reviews with a new distribution model\" and offers \"insightful, in-depth coverage from rock, pop and hip-hop to R&B, country, folk and jazz.\" Alicia Keys was featured on the cover of the first issue, dated January/February 2010. Subsequent cover-story subjects have included Sting, Ringo Starr, Tom Petty, Mary J. Blige and Sheryl Crow. The \"Encore\" section regularly features work from archives of veteran rock photographers such as Henry Diltz and Norman Seeff.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Imprest system", "paragraph_text": "The imprest system is a form of financial accounting system. The most common imprest system is the petty cash system. The base characteristic of an imprest system is that a fixed amount is reserved, which after a certain period of time or when circumstances require, because money was spent, it will be replenished. This replenishment will come from another account source, e.g., petty cash will be replenished by cashing a cheque drawn on a bank account.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Kegelhelm", "paragraph_text": "The Kegelhelm (German: \"cone helm\") or Kegel type is a type of helmet. It is an open-faced helmet of roughly conical shape, sometimes with extensions at the sides to protect the cheeks, or a crest-holder on top. It was made of bronze, sometimes in several pieces. It was the progenitor of many Greek helmets, especially the \"Illyrian\" type helmet. It did not outlast the eighth century BC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "W. Morgan Petty", "paragraph_text": "W. Morgan Petty is the creation of Brian Bethell. W. Morgan Petty would write crank letters to numerous organizations expressing typical concerns for mid-1980s Britain like nuclear war and the common market. Collections of his letters include:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Outlast", "paragraph_text": "Outlast is a first-person survival horror video game developed and published by Red Barrels. The game revolves around a freelance investigative journalist, Miles Upshur, who decides to investigate a remote psychiatric hospital named Mount Massive Asylum, located deep in the mountains of Lake County, Colorado. The downloadable content, \"Outlast: Whistleblower\", centers on Waylon Park, the man who led Miles there in the first place.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Petit jury", "paragraph_text": "In common law, a petit jury (or trial jury, sometimes petty jury) hears the evidence in a trial as presented by both the plaintiff (petitioner) and the defendant (respondent). After hearing the evidence and often jury instructions from the judge, the group retires for deliberation, to consider a verdict. The majority required for a verdict varies. In some cases it must be unanimous, while in other jurisdictions it may be a majority or supermajority. A jury that is unable to come to a verdict is referred to as a hung jury. The size of the jury varies; in criminal cases involving serious felonies there are usually 12 jurors, although Scotland uses 15. A number of countries that are not in the English common law tradition have quasi-juries on which lay judges or jurors and professional judges deliberate together regarding criminal cases. However, the common law trial jury is the most common type of jury system.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a79c7ac5542994bb9457097", "question_text": "How many girls and boys are in the seventeen sibling family featured on Counting On?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["nine girls and 10 boys"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mingus Mountain Academy", "paragraph_text": "Mingus Mountain Academy is a private, all-girls alternative high school in Prescott Valley, Arizona, United States. It is operated by Sequel Youth and Family Services. It is one of three Arizona Interscholastic Association-member single-sex high schools, along with Brophy College Preparatory/Xavier College Preparatory. Mingus Mountain Academy is also a behavioral treatment center for troubled youth. Many girls who attend the academy have come from Juvenile Hall, the streets, or past placements. This treatment facility offers girls skills to use after they leave Mingus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Tshepo", "paragraph_text": "Tshepo means hope in Sesotho, Sepedi, and in Setswana it means 'Trust'. The name is derived from 'tshepa' which means trust (all Sotho languages used in Southern Africa, particularly in Botswana, Lesotho, and South Africa). In Sesotho the name is spelled Tsepo, without an \"h\" though in pronunciation it sounds the same as in Sepedi and Setswana. It is a common name for boys. Many girls are named Matshepo, which literally means mother of hope. This gendered difference is only meant to give a sense of respect and dignity to women whose name is derived from Tshepo. But many families simply name their daughters Tshepo. Tshepo is commonly translated in Sotho and Sepedi as also meaning trust. However, the name trust in Sesotho is also Tshepile, not to be confused with Tshepiso which means promise and faith is Tumelo. For Setswana speakers hope is Tsholofelo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of Counting On episodes", "paragraph_text": "Counting On (formerly Jill & Jessa: Counting On) is an American reality television show that has aired on the cable channel TLC since 2015. A spin-off show of \"19 Kids and Counting\", it features the Duggar family: Jill Dillard, Jessa Seewald, sixteen of their seventeen siblings, and parents Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar. The show was created in the wake of the Josh Duggar molestation controversy and subsequent cancellation of 19 Kids and Counting.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "St Ursula's College, Toowoomba", "paragraph_text": "St. Ursula's College is an independent, private secondary girls' school in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia. A Catholic school, it was established in 1931 by Ursuline nuns. The school is heavily influenced by the teachings of Saint Angela Merici. Many of the school's buildings are named after Italian cities and places such as Brescia and Lake Garda that were part of Merici's life. It enrols both boarding students and day students, and attracts many girls from remote locations throughout Queensland and New South Wales as boarders.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "19 Kids and Counting", "paragraph_text": "19 Kids and Counting (formerly 17 Kids and Counting and 18 Kids and Counting) is an American reality television show that aired on the cable channel TLC for seven years until its cancellation in 2015. The show features the Duggar family: parents Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar and their 19 children\u2014nine girls and 10 boys, all of whose names begin with the letter \"J\". During the life of the show, three children were born, three children were married and four grandchildren born.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Hillstream loach", "paragraph_text": "The hillstream loaches or river loaches are a family, the Balitoridae, of small fish from South, Southeast and East Asia. The family includes about 99 species. They are sometimes sold as \"lizardfish\" or (in Germany) \"flossensaugers\". Many of the species are popular for aquaria. They have a number of similarities with the Cobitidae, their sibling family of \"loaches\", such as multiple barbels around the mouth. They should not be confused with the loricariids, which look similar but are a family of catfish.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chris Burnett", "paragraph_text": "Chris Burnett (born Christopher LeRoy Burnett on November 2, 1955) is an American saxophone player, composer, veteran of US military jazz bands and band leader. Born in Olathe, Kansas, Burnett's family moved relatively frequently during his early childhood due to his father being a member of the active US military service. His sibling family lived at places such as: France, Michigan, and Colorado prior to settling permanently back home in the Kansas City metro area. His brother, Richie Pratt (March 11, 1943 \u2013 February 12, 2015), who was also a musician (Lionel Hampton, Junior Mance, Aretha Franklin, New York Jazz Quartet, Broadway, films, studios ...), and the eldest sibling in his family continually served as a significant professional role model and mentor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Norwich Canoe Club", "paragraph_text": "Norwich Canoe Club is based at Whitlingham, Trowse in Norwich, Norfolk, UK with Whitlingham Great Broad, Whitlingham Little Broad, River Yare and River Wensum on its doorstep. It is a canoe and kayak racing club that focuses on flatwater sprint canoeing and marathon canoeing. It is a friendly club where canoeing is safe and fun and welcomes anyone who wants to have a go on the water. The club has as many girls as boys and as many women as men and also lots of families who all come and paddle together. Members are all ages, from 7 to 70 so there is definitely a place for everyone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lights Out (manhwa)", "paragraph_text": "Lights Out is the 9-volume manhwa written by Lee Myung-jin, the author of Ragnarok. This manhwa is about the high school student Nam Gung Geon, a violent transfer student from the Chi Jon High School to Puk Ye High School. His life is changed by meeting Min Seung-Ah, the land-lady of the inn named \"Fate\", granddaughter of the inn owner, and also a beautiful girl. In the last of the story, Geon meets many friends such as Sin Na-Rae, Kim Mi-Na, Ji-Ae, Kim Tae-Min, Son Seo-Ho, etc. and many girls have a crush of him because he wins the 2nd award of the Motor Grandprix.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac3ce74554299204fd21e71", "question_text": "How many episodes were in the original run of the HBO show that Kristin Davis played the character Charlotte York Goldenblatt?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["94"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Charlotte York Goldenblatt", "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Goldenblatt (n\u00e9e York; previously MacDougal), is a fictional character on the HBO-produced television series \"Sex and the City\". She is portrayed by actress Kristin Davis. Davis received a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sex and the City (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of the American television romantic sitcom Sex and the City aired in the United States on HBO. The show was created by Darren Star while Star, Michael Patrick King, John P. Melfi, series lead actress Sarah Jessica Parker, Cindy Chupack, and Jenny Bicks served as executive producers. The series was produced by Darren Star Productions, HBO Original Programming, and Warner Bros. Television. Sarah Jessica Parker portrays the lead character Carrie Bradshaw, while Kim Cattrall, Kristin Davis and Cynthia Nixon played her best friends Samantha Jones, Charlotte York, and Miranda Hobbes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sex and the City", "paragraph_text": "Sex and the City was an American romantic comedy television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO. Broadcast from 1998 until 2004, the original run of the show had a total of 94 episodes. Throughout its six-year run, the show received contributions from various producers, writers, and directors, perhaps most significantly from Michael Patrick King.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kristin Davis", "paragraph_text": "Kristin Landen Davis (also listed as Kristin Lee Davis; born February 23, 1965) is an American actress. She is known for playing Brooke Armstrong on the soap opera \"Melrose Place\" (1995\u20131996), and Charlotte York Goldenblatt on HBO's \"Sex and the City\" (1998\u20132004). She received a 2004 Emmy Award nomination for her role as Charlotte, and reprised the role in the films, \"Sex and the City\" (2008) and \"Sex and the City 2\" (2010).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Doom Asylum", "paragraph_text": "Doom Asylum is a 1987 slasher movie. It was the first film role of Kristin Davis, who later went on to notably portray Charlotte York in the television series and film \"Sex and the City\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sex and the City (film)", "paragraph_text": "Sex and the City (advertised as Sex and the City: The Movie) is a 2008 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Michael Patrick King in his feature film directorial debut, and a sequel to the 1998-2004 HBO comedy series of the same name (itself based on the book of the same name by Candace Bushnell) about four female friends: Carrie Bradshaw (Sarah Jessica Parker), Samantha Jones (Kim Cattrall), Charlotte York Goldenblatt (Kristin Davis), and Miranda Hobbes (Cynthia Nixon), dealing with their lives as single women in New York City. The series often portrayed frank discussions about romance and sexuality.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Duane Davis", "paragraph_text": "Duane Davis, the son of NFL Hall of Fame defensive end Willie Davis and Ann Davis, is an American actor who has been in such films as \"Ghosts of Mars\" and \"Paparazzi\". He has made something of a career of playing athletes - famous or not. He played Joe Louis in a made-for-TV movie about \"Rocky Marciano\", James \"Buster\" Douglas in the HBO original movie \"Tyson\", Bo Kimble in and as ESU football star Alvin Mack in the 1993 film \"The Program\". Davis played Duke DePalma, a former boxer-turned-crime fighter in \"Team Knight Rider\", a short-lived spin-off series of the original \"Knight Rider\" TV series. He played a recurring character in \"Sisters\", and has been in other TV shows such as \"M.A.N.T.I.S.\", \"L.A. Law\", \"A Different World\", \"What's Happening Now\", \"Head of the Class\", \"Little Big League\", and \"Necessary Roughness\". He played a boxer in the movie \"Diggstown\" and also had a small role in Carl Reiner's 1987 comedy film, \"Summer School.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sex and the City (season 4)", "paragraph_text": "The fourth season of the American television romantic sitcom Sex and the City aired in the United States on HBO. The show was created by Darren Star while Star, Michael Patrick King, John P. Melfi, series lead actress Sarah Jessica Parker, Cindy Chupack, and Jenny Bicks served as executive producers. The series was produced by Darren Star Productions, HBO Original Programming, and Warner Bros. Television. Sarah Jessica Parker portrays the lead character Carrie Bradshaw, while Kim Cattrall, Kristin Davis and Cynthia Nixon played her best friends Samantha Jones, Charlotte York, and Miranda Hobbes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Evan Handler", "paragraph_text": "Evan Handler (born January 10, 1961) is an American actor who is best known for playing Charlie Runkle, Hank Moody's comically bumbling friend and agent, on \"Californication\" (2007\u20132014) and Harry Goldenblatt, a divorce attorney and later husband of Charlotte York on \"Sex and the City\" (2002\u20132004).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sex and the City (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of the American television romantic sitcom Sex and the City aired in the United States on HBO. The show was created by Darren Star while Star, Michael Patrick King, John P. Melfi, series lead actress Sarah Jessica Parker, Cindy Chupack, and Jenny Bicks served as executive producers. The series was produced by Darren Star Productions, HBO Original Programming, and Warner Bros. Television. Parker portrays the lead character Carrie Bradshaw, while Kim Cattrall, Kristin Davis and Cynthia Nixon played her best friends Samantha Jones, Charlotte York, and Miranda Hobbes.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae402085542995dadf242ca", "question_text": "W41AP is a station owned by the daily newspaper serving what nearby city in Erie County?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Port Clinton"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Washington Daily News", "paragraph_text": "The Washington Daily News is a daily newspaper serving Washington, North Carolina. It is the smallest daily newspaper to ever win a Pulitzer Prize gold medal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Providence Journal", "paragraph_text": "The Providence Journal, nicknamed the ProJo, is a daily newspaper serving the metropolitan area of Providence, Rhode Island and is the largest newspaper in Rhode Island. The newspaper was first published in 1829 and is the oldest continuously-published daily newspaper in the United States. The newspaper has won four Pulitzer Prizes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Tyrone Daily Herald", "paragraph_text": "The Tyrone Daily Herald is an American daily newspaper serving Tyrone, Pennsylvania, and region \u2013 northern Blair County and nearby portions of Centre and Huntingdon Counties. The newspaper has been running for years, the latter as a daily.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Erie County Holding Center", "paragraph_text": "The Erie County Holding Center in Buffalo, New York is a pre-trial, maximum security detention facility that serves Erie County. Capable of housing 680 inmates, it is the second largest detention facility in New York State outside of New York City. Inmate \"Over-flow\" is housed at the Holding Center Annex at the Erie County Correctional Facility in Alden, New York. The Jail Management Division of the Erie County Sheriff's Office conducts regularly scheduled tours of the facility for high school and college student groups, police academy classes and groups of \"At risk\" teens. According to a professor at University at Buffalo Law School, \"Erie County continues to operate the Holding Center with indifference to the basic medical needs of inmates.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sandusky Register", "paragraph_text": "The Sandusky Register is a daily newspaper serving Sandusky, Ohio, as well as nearby Port Clinton and the Lake Erie Islands (collectively known regionally as Vacationland). It is considered the paper of record for the entire region.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Times Publishing Company", "paragraph_text": "Times Publishing Company is a newspaper and magazine publisher. Its flagship publication is the \"Tampa Bay Times\" (formerly the \"St. Petersburg Times\"), a daily newspaper serving the Tampa Bay area. It also publishes the business magazine \"Florida Trend\" and the daily newspaper \"tbt*\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Macomb Daily", "paragraph_text": "The Macomb Daily is a daily newspaper with its headquarters in Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan in Metro Detroit. It is the only daily newspaper serving Macomb County, making the county the largest in Michigan in terms of population with only one daily newspaper. It is owned by the Journal Register Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "W41AP", "paragraph_text": "W41AP channel 41 is an analog low power television station in Sandusky, Ohio. The station is owned by Sandusky Newspapers, Inc., the publishers of the \"Sandusky Register\", the local newspaper.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Salem News", "paragraph_text": "The Salem News (formerly the Salem Evening News) is an American daily newspaper serving southern Essex County, Massachusetts. Although the paper is named for the city of Salem, its offices are now in nearby Beverly, Massachusetts. The newspaper is published Monday through Saturday afternoons by Eagle-Tribune Publishing Company, a subsidiary of Community Newspaper Holdings Inc.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Herald-Times", "paragraph_text": "The Herald-Times is a daily newspaper serving Bloomington, Indiana and surrounding areas. The newspaper won the Blue Ribbon Daily award in 1975, 1984 2007, and 2014, naming it the best daily newspaper in the state of Indiana in those years.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5add47085542997545bbbd13", "question_text": "What English-American actor known for his role in \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" starred in The Lodger?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Alfredo \"Alfred\" Molina"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Raiders of the Lost Ark (soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "Raiders of the Lost Ark: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 1981 Steven Spielberg film, \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\". The music was composed and conducted by John Williams, and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. Orchestrations were done by Herbert W. Spencer with additional orchestrations done by Al Woodbury. The score was released by Columbia Records in June 1981. The soundtrack received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, but lost out to Vangelis' score for \"Chariots of Fire\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Lodger (2009 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Lodger is a 2009 mystery/thriller film directed by David Ondaatje and starring Alfred Molina, Hope Davis and Simon Baker. It is based on the novel \"The Lodger\" by Marie Belloc Lowndes, filmed previously by Alfred Hitchcock in 1927, by Maurice Elvey in 1932, by John Brahm in 1944, and as \"Man in the Attic\" (1953) directed by Hugo Fregonese.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Raiders of the Lost Car Park", "paragraph_text": "Raiders of the Lost Car Park is a novel by British author Robert Rankin. It is the second book in the Cornelius Murphy trilogy, sequel to \"The Book of Ultimate Truths\" and prequel to \"The Most Amazing Man Who Ever Lived\". It documents the continuing adventures of Cornelius Murphy and his companion Tuppe. The novel was first published by Doubleday in 1994. The book's name is a play on \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\", an Indiana Jones movie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jungle Raiders (1985 film)", "paragraph_text": "Jungle Raiders, also known as Captain Yankee (in original Italian, La leggenda del rubino malese/ \"Legend of the Blonde Malaysian\") is a 1985 Cannon Film. This film by Antonio Margheriti stars Christopher Connelly and Lee Van Cleef. The film was the third of three films Antonio Margheriti made in which he attempted to copy the success of \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" (the first films he made were \"Hunters of the Golden Cobra\" and \"Ark of the Sun God\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nicole Maurey", "paragraph_text": "Nicole Maurey (20 December 1925 \u2013 11 March 2016) was a French actress, who has appeared in 65 film and television productions between 1945 and 1997. Born in Bois-Colombes, a northwestern suburb of Paris, she was originally a dancer before being cast in her first film role in 1944. She remains most noted as Charlton Heston's leading lady in \"Secret of the Incas\" (1954), often cited as the primary inspiration for \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" (1981). She starred in films with Alec Guinness, Bette Davis, Bing Crosby, Jeff Chandler, Fess Parker, Rex Harrison, Robert Taylor and Mickey Rooney, among numerous others. She was the leading lady in the original 1962 science fiction cult film \"The Day of the Triffids\". Later in life, she moved into television, appearing in various made-for-TV movies and mini-series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Raiders of the Lost Ark", "paragraph_text": "Raiders of the Lost Ark (also known as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark) is a 1981 American action adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, with a screenplay written by Lawrence Kasdan, from a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman. It was produced by Frank Marshall for Lucasfilm Ltd., with Lucas and Howard Kazanjian as executive producers. Starring Harrison Ford, it was the first installment in the \"Indiana Jones\" film franchise to be released, though it is the second in internal chronological order. It pits Indiana Jones (Ford) against a group of Nazis who are searching for the Ark of the Covenant, which Adolf Hitler believes will make his army invincible. The film co-stars Karen Allen as Indiana's former lover, Marion Ravenwood; Paul Freeman as Indiana's rival, French archaeologist Ren\u00e9 Belloq; John Rhys-Davies as Indiana's sidekick, Sallah; Ronald Lacey as Gestapo agent Arnold Toht; and Denholm Elliott as Indiana's colleague, Marcus Brody.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Michael Pangrazio", "paragraph_text": "Michael Pangrazio (commonly credited as Mike Pangrazio) is an award-winning American art director in the feature film industry best known for his matte painting work on Raiders of the Lost Ark and The Empire Strikes Back. As traditional and digital matte artist, he created some of the most famous matte paintings in movie history. His best known painting is the Raiders of the Lost Ark warehouse interior set-extension at the end of the movie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Alfred Molina", "paragraph_text": "Alfredo \"Alfred\" Molina (born 24 May 1953) is an English-American actor, known for his roles in \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\" (1981), \"Enchanted April\" (1992), \"Maverick\" (1994), \"Boogie Nights\" (1997), \"Chocolat\" (2000), \"Spider-Man 2\" (2004), \"The Da Vinci Code\" (2006), \"An Education\" (2009), \"\" (2010), \"The Sorcerer's Apprentice\" (2010), \"Rango\" (2011) and \"Whiskey Tango Foxtrot\" (2016).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Marion Ravenwood", "paragraph_text": "Marion Ravenwood is a fictional character that first appeared in the 1981 film \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\". Played by Karen Allen, she enters the story when Indiana Jones visits her in Nepal, needing her help to locate the Ark of the Covenant with a possession originally obtained by her father, Dr. Abner Ravenwood. After 27 years of absence (21 years in the films' internal chronology), the character returned in \"Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull\", and was once again played by Allen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Adaptation", "paragraph_text": "Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Adaptation is a 1989 American fan film, made as a shot-for-shot remake of the 1981 Indiana Jones adventure film \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\". Using the original film's screenplay and score, it principally starred and was filmed, directed, and produced over a seven-year period by three Mississippi teenagers (Chris Strompolos, Eric Zala, and Jayson Lamb).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a72a3c45542994cef4bc3ac", "question_text": "What is the birth name of the woman that \"A Woman Called Moses\" is based on?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Araminta Ross"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lupin the Third: The Woman Called Fujiko Mine", "paragraph_text": "Lupin the Third: The Woman Called Fujiko Mine (LUPIN the Third -\u5cf0\u4e0d\u4e8c\u5b50\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5973- , Rupan za Saado Mine Fujiko to Iu Onna ) is the fourth incarnation of TMS Entertainment's long-running anime television adaptation of the \"Lupin III\" manga series written by Monkey Punch. Directed by Sayo Yamamoto, it aired on NTV from April 4, 2012 to June 27, 2012. It focuses on the franchise's heroine, Fujiko Mine, as she undergoes various missions and encounters the rest of the \"Lupin III\" cast for the first time. Unlike the franchise's previous three televised anime, \"The Woman Called Fujiko Mine\" is more sexually oriented in order to capture the \"sensuality\" present in the original manga as well as darker and more serious. It is also the only installment in the franchise to be directed by a woman and the first in which Lupin is not the protagonist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "California Birth Index", "paragraph_text": "The California Birth Index (CABI) is a database compiled by the California Office of Health Information and Research. The index contains birth records of all registered births in California between 1905 and 1995. Each record is an abstract of a person's birth certificate, including date of birth, full name, county of birth, gender, and mother's maiden name. People who have been adopted are sometimes listed by their birth name, sometimes listed by their adopted name, sometimes by both and sometimes not listed at all. The CABI is considered a valuable genealogy tool but is also criticized for privacy issues. California began statewide civil registration of births on July 1, 1905. Earlier birth records may exist in the county where the birth took place or at the church where a baptism took place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Finding of Moses", "paragraph_text": "The Finding of Moses, sometimes called Moses in the Bullrushes, Moses Saved from the Waters, or other variants, is the story in chapter 2 of the Book of Exodus in the Hebrew Bible of the finding in the River Nile of Moses as a baby by the daughter of Pharoah. The story became a common subject in art, especially from the Renaissance onwards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Elf (album)", "paragraph_text": "Elf is the first album by Ronnie James Dio's blues rock band called Elf. Produced by Ian Paice and Roger Glover of Deep Purple, the record was released in 1972. In this album, Dio is listed by his birth name Ronald Padavona. Though Dio had used \"Padavona\" for songwriting credits on earlier singles, Dio explained in an interview in 1994 that he used his birth name on this album as a tribute to his parents so that they could see their family name on an album at least once.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mogue Kearns", "paragraph_text": "Father Mogue Kearns (Irish: \"Mo Aodh \u00d3g \u00d3 C\u00e9ir\u00edn\" ; died 12 July 1798), sometimes called Moses Kearns, was an Irish Roman Catholic priest and United Irishmen executed by the British on 12 July 1798, after leading 2,000 rebel troops during the 1798 Rebellion in Ireland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tobias Hainyeko constituency", "paragraph_text": "Tobias Hainyeko constituency is the name of an electoral constituency in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. It was created in 2003 under the name Eastern Hakahana at the recommendation of the \"Third Delimitation Commission\" which suggested that the constituency of Hakahana be split. Since then, the suburb of Hakahana falls into two different constituencies. In 2008 the constituency was named after the guerrilla war hero Tobias Hainyeko. The western part of Hakahana is now called Moses \u01c1Garo\u00ebb constituency, after politician Moses \u01c1Garo\u00ebb.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Harriet, the Woman Called Moses", "paragraph_text": "Harriet, the Woman Called Moses is an opera in two acts composed by Thea Musgrave who also wrote the libretto which is loosely based on episodes in the life of the American abolitionist and former slave Harriet Tubman. The opera premiered on 1 March 1985 in Norfolk, Virginia, performed by Virginia Opera with subsequent broadcasts of the Virginia Opera production on National Public Radio and BBC Radio 3. Musgrave later wrote two shortened versions of the opera\u2014The Story of Harriet Tubman (premiered 1993) and Remembering Harriet (premiered 2006).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mental As Anything", "paragraph_text": "Mental As Anything are an Australian new wave/pop-rock band that formed in Sydney in 1976. Its most popular line-up (which lasted from 1977-1999) was Martin Plaza (birth name Martin Murphy) on vocals and guitar; Reg Mombassa (birth name Chris O'Doherty) on lead guitar and vocals; his brother Peter \"Yoga Dog\" O'Doherty on bass guitar and vocals; Wayne de Lisle (birth name David Twohill) on drums; and Andrew \"Greedy\" Smith on vocals, keyboards and harmonica. Their original hit songs were generated by Mombassa, O'Doherty, Plaza and Smith, either individually or collectively; they also hit the Australian charts with covers of songs by Roy Orbison, Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Harriet Tubman", "paragraph_text": "Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross; \u20091822 March 10, 1913) was an American abolitionist, humanitarian, and an armed scout and spy for the United States Army during the American Civil War. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved people, family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era was an active participant in the struggle for women's suffrage.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "A Woman Called Moses", "paragraph_text": "A Woman Called Moses is a television miniseries based on the life of Harriet Tubman, the escaped African American slave who helped to organize the Underground Railroad, and who led dozens of African Americans from enslavement in the Southern United States to freedom in the Northern states and Canada. Narrated by Orson Welles, the production was broadcast on the NBC television network on December 11 and 12, 1978. Tubman was portrayed by Cicely Tyson.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8dd5b855429917b4a5bcc6", "question_text": "What political party is the current Attorney General of Missouri associated with?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Republican"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Attorney General of Sri Lanka", "paragraph_text": "The Attorney General of Sri Lanka is the Sri Lankan government's chief legal adviser, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. The Attorney General is usually a highly respected Senior Advocate, and is appointed by the ruling government. The current Attorney General is Jayantha Jayasuriya. The president does not have any power to make orders, mandatory or otherwise, to the attorney general. He heads the Attorney General's Department.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kurt Schaefer", "paragraph_text": "Kurt Schaefer (born October 27, 1965) is a former Republican member of the Missouri Senate, representing the 19th District from 2009\u20132017. In 2016, Schaefer ran against Josh Hawley for Missouri Attorney General, but was defeated for the Republican nomination in the August 2 primary.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of Attorneys General for England and Wales", "paragraph_text": "Her Majesty's Attorney General for England and Wales, usually known simply as the Attorney General, is one of the Law Officers of the Crown. Along with the subordinate Solicitor General for England and Wales, the Attorney General serves as the chief legal adviser of the Crown and its government in England and Wales. The current Attorney General is Jeremy Wright.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Attorney General of Bangladesh", "paragraph_text": "The Attorney General of Bangladesh (Bengali: \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u0995, Mah\u0101byabah\u0101rad\u0113\u015baka ) is the Bangladeshi government's chief legal adviser, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. The Attorney General is usually a highly respected Senior Advocate, and is appointed by the ruling government. The current Attorney General is Mahbubey Alam. The Attorney General is the ex-officio chairman of the Bangladesh Bar Council and accordingly he performs the duties assigned to that post and empowered to participate in any reference to Supreme Court made by the President under article 106 of the Constitution and can express his own opinion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Attorney General of Brazil", "paragraph_text": "The Attorney General of the Union, or Solicitor General, (Portuguese: \"Advogado-Geral da Uni\u00e3o\" , AGU) is a cabinet-level position in the Brazilian government charged with advising the Executive Branch and representing the federal government of Brazil in legal proceedings. The Attorney General is defined under Article 131 of the Brazilian Constitution as one of the essential functions of Brazilian judicial administration, along with the roles performed by the judicial branch, the Prosecutor's office, the public defenders and private lawyers. The current Attorney General is Grace Mendon\u00e7a.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Office of the Attorney General of Colombia", "paragraph_text": "The Office of the Attorney General of Colombia (Spanish: \"Fiscal\u00eda General de la Naci\u00f3n\" ; literally \"General Prosecutorial Office of the Nation\") is the Colombian institution part of the Colombian judicial branch of Government with administrative autonomy designed to prosecute offenders, investigate crimes, review judicial processes and accuse penal law infractions against judges and courts of justice. The Office of the Attorney General was created by the Colombian Constitution of 1991 and began operating on July 1, 1992. The current Attorney General is N\u00e9stor Humberto Mart\u00ednez.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Attorney General for England and Wales", "paragraph_text": "Her Majesty's Attorney General for England and Wales, usually known simply as the Attorney General, is one of the Law Officers of the Crown. Along with the subordinate Solicitor General for England and Wales, the Attorney General serves as the chief legal adviser of the Crown and its government in England and Wales. The current Attorney General is Jeremy Wright, MP.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Josh Hawley", "paragraph_text": "Joshua David Hawley (born December 31, 1979) is an American lawyer and politician who serves as the 42nd and current Attorney General of Missouri.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Peter K. Michael", "paragraph_text": "Peter K. Michael is the current Attorney General of Wyoming. The former Attorney General Gregory A. Phillips appointed him Chief Deputy Attorney General on May 1, 2011. Michael took over as acting-Attorney General on July 9, 2013, and succeeded him officially on September 6, 2013. His term of office is 4 years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Bob Ferguson (politician)", "paragraph_text": "Robert Watson Ferguson (born February 23, 1965) is an American attorney and politician who is the 18th and current Attorney General of Washington, serving since 2013. He was first elected Attorney General in 2012, and reelected in 2016. Prior to serving as Attorney General, Ferguson was a member of the King County Council. Ferguson is a member of the Democratic Party.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7652435542992d0ec060a5", "question_text": "Who was the first Russian composer to make a lasting impression internationally, Alessandro Scarlatti or Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Piano Concerto No. 2 (Tchaikovsky)", "paragraph_text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 2 in G major, Op. 44, was written in 1879\u20131880. It was dedicated to Nikolai Rubinstein, who had insisted he be allowed to perform it at the premiere as a way of making up for his harsh criticism of Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto. Rubinstein was destined never to play it, however, as he died in March 1881. The premiere performance took place in New York City, on 12\u00a0November 1881. The soloist was Madeline Schiller, and Theodore Thomas conducted the New York Philharmonic orchestra. The first Russian performance was in Moscow in May 1882, conducted by Anton Rubinstein with Tchaikovsky's pupil, Sergei Taneyev, at the piano.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Swan Lake (1895)", "paragraph_text": "The 1917 Petipa/Ivanov/Drigo revival of Swan Lake is a famous version of the ballet \"Swan Lake\", (ru. \" \u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\"), (fr. \"Le Lac des Cygnes\"). This is a ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky based on an ancient German legend, presented in either four acts, four scenes (primarily outside Russia and Eastern Europe), three acts, four scenes (primarily in Russia and Eastern Europe) or, more rarely, in two acts, four scenes. Originally choreographed by Julius Reisinger to the music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (opus 20), it was first presented as \"The Lake of the Swans\" by the Ballet of the Moscow Imperial Bolshoi Theatre on 20 February/4 March 1877 (Julian/Gregorian calendar dates) in Moscow, Russia. Although the ballet is presented in many different versions, most ballet companies today base their stagings both choreographically and musically on this revival by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov, staged for the Imperial Ballet, first presented on 15 January/27 January 1895, at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia instead of the original version.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky", "paragraph_text": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( ; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 ; 25 April/7 May 1840\u00a0\u2013 25 October/6 November 1893), often anglicized as Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States. Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884, by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kamarinskaya", "paragraph_text": "Kamarinskaya (Russian: \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f ) is a Russian traditional folk dance, which is mostly known today as the Russian composer Mikhail Glinka's composition of the same name. Glinka's \"Kamarinskaya\", written in 1848, was the first orchestral work based entirely on Russian folk song and to use the compositional principles of that genre to dictate the form of the music. It became a touchstone for the following generation of Russian composers ranging from the Western-oriented Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to the group of nationalists known collectively as The Five and was also lauded abroad, most notably by French composer Hector Berlioz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "International Tchaikovsky Competition", "paragraph_text": "The International Tchaikovsky Competition is a classical-music competition held every four years in Moscow, Russia, for pianists, violinists, and cellists between 16 and 32 years of age, and singers between 19 and 32 years of age. The competition is named after Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and is an active member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Symphony No. 2 (Rachmaninoff)", "paragraph_text": "Symphony No. 2 in E minor, Op. 27 is a symphony by the Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, written in 1906\u201307. The premiere was conducted by the composer himself in Saint Petersburg on 8\u00a0February 1908. Its duration is approximately 60 minutes when performed uncut; cut performances can be as short as 35 minutes. The score is dedicated to Sergei Taneyev, a Russian composer, teacher, theorist, author, and pupil of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Alongside his Piano Concerto No. 2 and Piano Concerto No. 3, this symphony remains one of the composer's best known compositions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Alessandro Scarlatti", "paragraph_text": "Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti (2 May 1660 \u2013 22 October 1725) was an Italian Baroque composer, especially famous for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of two other composers, Domenico Scarlatti and Pietro Filippo Scarlatti.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tchaikovsky (film)", "paragraph_text": "Tchaikovsky (Russian: \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 ) is a 1970 Soviet biopic film directed by Igor Talankin. It featured Innokenty Smoktunovsky in the role of the famous Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was nominated for the 1971 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film as well as the Academy Award for Original Song Score and Adaptation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Chaikovskij (crater)", "paragraph_text": "Chaikovskij (sometimes Tchaikovsky) is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 165 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. Chaikovskij is named for the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who lived from 1840 to 1893.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor (Tchaikovsky)", "paragraph_text": "The Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. posth. 80, was written by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1865, his last year as a student at the St Petersburg Conservatory. The sonata in its original form was not published in Tchaikovsky's lifetime; it was published in 1900 by P. Jurgenson, and given the posthumous opus number 80.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac38ce255429939154137c2", "question_text": "What do a Flaming beverage and a Gin and tonic have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["cocktails"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tonic water", "paragraph_text": "Tonic water (or Indian tonic water) is a carbonated soft drink in which quinine is dissolved. Originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, tonic water usually now has a significantly lower quinine content and is consumed for its distinctive bitter flavour. It is often used in mixed drinks, particularly in gin and tonic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Key (music)", "paragraph_text": "In music theory, the key of a piece is the group of pitches, or scale that form the basis of a music composition in classical, Western art, and Western pop music. The group features a \"tonic note\" and its corresponding \"chords\", also called a \"tonic\" or \"tonic chord\", which provides a subjective sense of arrival and rest, and also has a unique relationship to the other pitches of the same group, their corresponding chords, and pitches and chords outside the group. Notes and chords other than the tonic in a piece create varying degrees of tension, resolved when the tonic note or chord returns. The key may be in the major or minor mode, though musicians assume major in a statement like, \"This piece is in C.\" Popular songs are usually in a key, and so is classical music during the common practice period, around 1650\u20131900. Longer pieces in the classical repertoire may have sections in contrasting keys.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Flaming beverage", "paragraph_text": "Flaming beverages include cocktails and other mixed drinks that contain flammable, high-proof alcohol, which is ignited prior to consumption. The alcohol may be an integral part of the drink, or it may be floated as a thin layer across the top of the drink. The flames are mostly for dramatic flair. However, in combination with certain ingredients, the flavor of the drink is altered. Some flavors are enhanced, and it may impart a toasted flavor to some drinks.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lydian cadence", "paragraph_text": "A Lydian cadence is a type of half-cadence that was popular in the Ars nova style of the 14th and early 15th century. It is so-called because it evokes the Lydian mode based on its final chord as a tonic, and may be construed with the chord symbols VII\u266f -I (if the final is taken as a Lydian-mode tonic) or III -IV (if the final is taken as a in major). It is also the most common type of double-leading-tone cadence, as it contains two leading-tone resolutions (\u266f - and - ). A frequently-used type of Landini cadence is based on the Lydian cadence, with the upper voice dropping to before skipping back up to the tonic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "M\u00e1rio-Henrique Leiria", "paragraph_text": "M\u00e1rio-Henrique Leiria (1923\u20131980) was a Portuguese surrealist poet. Born in Lisbon, he studied at the Escola de Belas Artes. He and his fellow surrealists were involved in an absurdist plot to overthrow the dictatorship of Antonio Salazar. He is best known for his books \"Contos do Gin-Tonic\" (Gin and Tonic Tales, 1973) and \"Novos Contos do Gin\" (More Gin Tales, 1974). He died in 1980.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gin and tonic", "paragraph_text": "A gin and tonic is a highball cocktail made with gin and tonic water poured over ice. It is usually garnished with a slice or wedge of lime. The amount of gin varies according to taste. Suggested ratios of gin to tonic are between 1:1 and 1:3.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tequila and tonic", "paragraph_text": "Tequila and tonic, also known as TnT or Teqtonic, is a non-standard highball beverage. The drink is made with a 2:1 ratio of tonic water to tequila and is served with lemon or lime wedges on ice.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tonality", "paragraph_text": "Tonality is the arrangement of pitches and/or chords of a musical work in a hierarchy of perceived relations, stabilities, attractions and directionality. In this hierarchy, the individual pitch or triadic chord with the greatest stability is called the tonic. The root of the tonic chord forms the name given to the key; so in the key of C major, the note C is both the tonic of the scale and the root of the tonic chord (C\u2013E\u2013G). Simple folk music songs often start and end with the tonic note. The most common use of the term \"is to designate the arrangement of musical phenomena around a referential tonic in European music from about 1600 to about 1910\" . Contemporary classical music from 1910 to the 2000s may practice or avoid any sort of tonality\u2014but harmony in almost all Western popular music remains tonal. Harmony in jazz includes many but not all tonal characteristics of the European common practice period, sometimes known as \"classical music\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Bittering agent", "paragraph_text": "A bittering agent is a flavoring agent added to a food or beverage to impart a bitter taste, possibly in addition to other effects. While many substances are bitter to a greater or lesser degree, a few substances are used specifically for their bitterness, especially to balance other flavors, such as sweetness. Notable beverage examples include caffeine, found naturally in tea and coffee and added to many soft drinks, hops in beer, and quinine in tonic water.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sweet Melissa", "paragraph_text": "A Sweet Melissa is a gin-based cocktail that was named by its creator, Daniel Bouie, after his wife Melissa Chabran Bouie. Sweet Melissa is made with gin, tonic water and a splash of Jack Daniel's in a short glass of ice. Care must be taken not to add too much whiskey to this gin & tonic beverage.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abe92de5542993f32c2a16b", "question_text": "Which feature does the G-shock watch have that is tested by a leakage test?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["water resistance"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Draize test", "paragraph_text": "The Draize Test is an acute toxicity test devised in 1944 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toxicologists John H. Draize and Jacob M. Spines. Initially used for testing cosmetics, the procedure involves applying 0.5mL or 0.5g of a test substance to the eye or skin of a restrained, conscious animal, and then leaving it for set amount of time before rinsing it out and recording its effects. The animals are observed for up to 14 days for signs of erythema and edema in the skin test, and redness, swelling, discharge, ulceration, hemorrhaging, cloudiness, or blindness in the tested eye. The test subject is commonly an albino rabbit, though other species are used too, including dogs. The animals are euthanized after testing if the test renders irreversible damage to the eye or skin. Animals may be re-used for testing purposes if the product tested causes no permanent damage. Animals are typically reused after a \"wash out\" period during which all traces of the tested product are allowed to disperse from the test site.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hydrostatic test", "paragraph_text": "A hydrostatic test is a way in which pressure vessels such as pipelines, plumbing, gas cylinders, boilers and fuel tanks can be tested for strength and leaks. The test involves filling the vessel or pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid in visual leak detection, and pressurization of the vessel to the specified test pressure. Pressure tightness can be tested by shutting off the supply valve and observing whether there is a pressure loss. The location of a leak can be visually identified more easily if the water contains a colorant. Strength is usually tested by measuring permanent deformation of the container. Hydrostatic testing is the most common method employed for testing pipes and pressure vessels. Using this test helps maintain safety standards and durability of a vessel over time. Newly manufactured pieces are initially qualified using the hydrostatic test. They are then re-qualified at regular intervals using the \"proof pressure test\" which is also called the \"modified hydrostatic test\". Testing of pressure vessels for transport and storage of gases is very important because such containers can explode if they fail under pressure.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Blocked rotor test", "paragraph_text": "A blocked rotor test is conducted on an induction motor. It is also known as short circuit test, locked rotor test or stalled torque test. From this test, short circuit current at normal voltage, power factor on short circuit, total leakage reactance, and starting torque of the motor can be found. The test is conducted at low voltage because if the applied voltage was normal voltage then the current through the stator windings would be high enough to overheat the windings and damage them. The \"blocked rotor torque test\" is not performed on wound-rotor motors because the starting torque can be varied as desired. However, a \"blocked rotor current test\" is conducted on squirrel cage rotor motors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Water Resistant mark", "paragraph_text": "Water Resistant is a common mark stamped on the back of wrist watches to indicate how well a watch is sealed against the ingress of water. It is usually accompanied by an indication of the static test pressure that a sample of newly manufactured watches were exposed to in a leakage test. The test pressure can be indicated either directly in units of pressure such as bar, atmospheres, or (more commonly) as an equivalent water depth in metres (in the United States sometimes also in feet).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wet leakage current test", "paragraph_text": "The wet leakage current test is an electrical withstanding test carried out on electrical appliances to test the electrical isolation of the housing. The test is carried out by submersing the appliance into water with one lead attached to the electrical leads of the appliance, and the other lead connected to the water. It is often carried out on photovoltaic modules in order to qualify them for IEC61646 or IEC61625 certification.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "G-Shock", "paragraph_text": "G-Shock is a line of watches manufactured by Casio, designed to resist mechanical shock and vibration. Its full form is Gravitational Shock. They are designed primarily for sports, military and outdoors-oriented activities; nearly all G-Shocks are digital or a combination of analog or digital and have a stopwatch feature, countdown timer, backlight and water resistance.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Anderson\u2013Darling test", "paragraph_text": "The Anderson\u2013Darling test is a statistical test of whether a given sample of data is drawn from a given probability distribution. In its basic form, the test assumes that there are no parameters to be estimated in the distribution being tested, in which case the test and its set of critical values is distribution-free. However, the test is most often used in contexts where a family of distributions is being tested, in which case the parameters of that family need to be estimated and account must be taken of this in adjusting either the test-statistic or its critical values. When applied to testing whether a normal distribution adequately describes a set of data, it is one of the most powerful statistical tools for detecting most departures from normality.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Casio G-Shock Frogman", "paragraph_text": "The Frogman is a high-end model of the Casio G-Shock line of watches. It was one of the first models of the \"Master of G\" line, a line of G-Shock watches designed for special uses. The Frogman has an asymmetric shape and is attached eccentrically on its straps. It is specially made as a diving watch for scuba divers and is the only ISO 6425-compliant G-Shock line with a 200 m Divers rating.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Electrical safety testing", "paragraph_text": "Electrical safety testing is essential to ensure safe operating standards for any product that uses electricity. Various governments and agencies have developed stringent requirements for electrical products that are sold world-wide. In most markets it is mandatory for a product to conform to safety standards promulgated by safety and standard agencies such as UL, CE, VDE, CSA, BSI, CCC and so on. To conform to such standards, the product must pass safety tests such as the high voltage test (also called as Dielectric voltage-withstand test or high potential test), Insulation Resistance Test, Ground (Earth) Bond & Ground Continuity Test & Leakage Current Test (also called as Line Leakage Test, Earth Leakage Current Test, Enclosure Leakage Current Test or Patient Leakage Current Test). These tests are described in IEC 60335, IEC 61010 and many other national and international standards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Test compression", "paragraph_text": "Test compression is a technique used to reduce the time and cost of testing integrated circuits. The first ICs were tested with test vectors created by hand. It proved very difficult to get good coverage of potential faults, so Design for testability (DFT) based on scan and automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) were developed to explicitly test each gate and path in a design. These techniques were very successful at creating high-quality vectors for manufacturing test, with excellent test coverage. However, as chips got bigger the ratio of logic to be tested per pin increased dramatically, and the volume of scan test data started causing a significant increase in test time, and required tester memory. This raised the cost of testing.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae3d67f5542992f92d8238f", "question_text": "The man who currently serves as the wide receivers coach for the Dallas Cowboys used to coach at what college?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Louisiana Tech"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "David Beaty (American football)", "paragraph_text": "David Beaty (born October 26, 1970) is the head football coach at the University of Kansas. He was Kansas' wide receivers coach from 2008 to 2009 and co-offensive coordinator and wide receivers coach in 2011. He also has been a coach for the Rice Owls and Texas A&M Aggies. He coached both soccer and football at the high school level for Naaman Forest High School and Garland High School, before becoming the head football coach at North Dallas High School and Irving MacArthur.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jeff Bowden", "paragraph_text": "Jeff Bowden is an American college football coach at the University of Akron. He currently serves as special teams coordinator and the outside wide receivers coach on his brother Terry's staff. Before that he served as the offensive coordinator for the Florida State Seminoles under his father and head coach Bobby Bowden. He resigned from that position on November 14, 2006, following a shutout loss to Wake Forest three days earlier. He has also been a wide receivers coach and coached at Salem College, Samford University and Southern Miss. Bowden played wide receiver at Florida State from 1981 until 1982.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Derek Dooley (American football)", "paragraph_text": "Derek Dooley (born June 10, 1968) is an American football coach and former player. He currently serves as the wide receivers coach for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Zach Azzanni", "paragraph_text": "Zach Azzanni is an American football coach who is currently the wide receivers coach for the Chicago Bears. He was previously the wide receivers coach and passing game coordinator at the University of Tennessee. He was also the wide receivers coach of the Wisconsin Badgers and the Offensive Coordinator at Western Kentucky University, as well as the wide receivers coach at the University of Florida under former Florida coach, Urban Meyer. Prior to arriving in Gainesville, Azzanni served as the wide receivers coach as well as the assistant head coach at Central Michigan University. His CMU teams compiled a three-year record of 28\u201313 including three consecutive Bowl appearances. He was also a member of the Florida coaching staff for the BCS All State Sugar Bowl when Tim Tebow led the Gators' defeat of Cincinnati, 51\u201324.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Kris Cinkovich", "paragraph_text": "Kris Cinkovich (born September 30, 1960) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the assistant head coach, offensive coordinator and offensive line coach at the University of Idaho, a position he has held since March 2013. Cinkovich has previously been the wide receivers coach for the Arkansas Razorbacks football team at the University of Arkansas from 2010 to 2012. He was also employed at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, as the wide receivers coach for UNLV Rebels football, and won the Nevada State Championships in 2001 as the head football coach at Las Vegas High School in Las Vegas, Nevada. He and his wife, Joan, have two daughters, Carly and Stephanie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Jimmy Robinson", "paragraph_text": "Jimmy Robinson (born January 3, 1953 in New York, New York) is a former American football wide receiver and retired wide receivers coach of the National Football League. He played for the New York Giants and San Francisco 49ers during his playing career. He was a wide receivers coach in professional football since 1984, coaching for the Memphis Showboats, Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, Atlanta Falcons, Indianapolis Colts, New York Giants, New Orleans Saints, Green Bay Packers, and most recently the Dallas Cowboys.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bryan McClendon", "paragraph_text": "Bryan Edward McClendon (born December 28, 1983) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the co-offensive coordinator and wide receivers coach at the University of South Carolina. McClendon formerly coached wide receivers at the University of Georgia and was interim head coach for the 2015 TaxSlayer Bowl due to Mark Richt's no longer coaching the team. He had coached the running backs since 2009 but took over the role of coaching the wide receivers when Thomas Brown was hired from Wisconsin Badgers. Brown also served as the Recruiting Coordinator for Georgia. On January 12, 2015, he was promoted and given the title of Assistant Head Coach.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2008 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team represented Louisiana Tech University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Louisiana Tech competed in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC)and played their home games at Joe Aillet Stadium in Ruston, Louisiana. The team was coached by Derek Dooley, who was in his second year with the program. Dooley's Dawgs entered the season after finishing 5\u20137 (4\u20134 WAC) in 2007. LA Tech kicked off the season with a victory over Mississippi State, finished tied for second place in the WAC, and capped off the year with an Independence Bowl victory over Northern Illinois.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Matt Lubick", "paragraph_text": "Matt Lubick (born January 26, 1972) is an American football coach. He currently serves as the co-offensive coordinator/wide receivers coach at Washington. He was named the 2012 Football Scoop Wide Receivers Coach of the Year while coaching at Duke.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kevin Beard", "paragraph_text": "Kevin Leon Beard (born January 20, 1981) is an American football coach and former player who currently serves as the wide receivers coach for University of Tennessee. He played college football at the University of Miami for Larry Coker, and afterward played professionally in the AF2 from 2005 to 2006, and in the Arena Football League in 2007. In 2015, Beard returned to Miami as the wide receivers coach.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a903b7255429933b8a204ae", "question_text": "What Canadian filmmaker created a film about Bettie Page in 2005?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mary Harron (born January 12, 1953)", "Mary Harron"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tara Subkoff", "paragraph_text": "Tara Lyn Subkoff (born December 10, 1972) is an American actress, conceptual artist, director, and fashion designer. Touted as an \"it girl\" of the late 1990s, Subkoff made her film debut in the thriller \"When the Bough Breaks\" (1994) opposite Martin Sheen, and has had supporting roles in \"As Good as It Gets\" (1997), \"The Last Days of Disco\" (1998), \"The Cell\" (2000), and \"The Notorious Bettie Page\" (2005).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Notorious Bettie Page", "paragraph_text": "The Notorious Bettie Page is a 2005 biographical film directed by Mary Harron. The screenplay by Harron and Guinevere Turner focuses on 1950s pinup and bondage model Bettie Page.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Victor Slezak", "paragraph_text": "Victor Slezak (born July 30, 1957) is an American stage, television and screen actor who has appeared in numerous films, including \"The Bridges of Madison County\" (1995), \"Beyond Rangoon\" (1995), \"The Devil's Own\" (1997), \"The Siege\" (1998),\"The Cat's Meow\" (2001), \"Timequest\" as John F. Kennedy (2002) and \"The Notorious Bettie Page\" (2005).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Varietease", "paragraph_text": "Varietease is a 1954 American burlesque documentary film and the first such directed by Irving Klaw. According to its plot, the iconic pin-up model Bettie Page performs a burlesque show alongside Lili St. Cyr, Chris La Chris, Vicki Lynn, Bobby Shields, and others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bettie Page Reveals All", "paragraph_text": "Bettie Page Reveals All is a 2012 documentary film about the life history and cultural influence of Bettie Page. Directed by Mark Mori, much of its narration is from audiotape interviews with Page herself. Individuals offering commentary on Page and her significance include Dita Von Teese, Hugh Hefner, Rebecca Romijn, Tempest Storm, Bunny Yeager, Paula Klaw, Jessicka, Mamie Van Doren and Naomi Campbell.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nico B.", "paragraph_text": "Nico Bruinsma, known professionally as Nico B., is a Dutch filmmaker known for his 1998 underground horror production \"Pig\", the last work starring singer/songwriter Rozz Williams before his death a few months later. \"Pig\" premiered at the American Cinematheque in Los Angeles and went on to play at international film festivals around the world including the Rotterdam Film Festival. A follow up, \"1334\", was made in 2011. In 2004, he wrote, produced, and directed the biographical film \"\". \"Bettie Page: Dark Angel\" premiered at the San Francisco Independent Film Festival. Between 2005\u20132008 he wrote, produced, and directed the film \"Sin\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sarah Paulson", "paragraph_text": "Sarah Catharine Paulson (born December 17, 1974) is an American actress. After beginning her acting career on stage, she starred in the 1990s television series \"American Gothic\" (1995\u201396) and \"Jack & Jill\" (1999\u20132001). Paulson later appeared in comedy films such as \"What Women Want\" (2000) and \"Down with Love\" (2003), and had dramatic roles in films such as \"Path to War\" (2002) and \"The Notorious Bettie Page\" (2005). From 2006 to 2007, Paulson played the role of Harriet Hayes in the NBC comedy-drama series \"Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip\", for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination. In 2008, she starred as Ellen Dolan in the superhero noir film \"The Spirit\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dave Stevens", "paragraph_text": "Dave Lee Stevens (July 29, 1955 \u2013 March 11, 2008) was an American illustrator and comics artist. He is most famous for creating \"The Rocketeer\" comic book and film character, and for his pin-up style \"glamour art\" illustrations, especially of model Bettie Page. He was the first to win Comic-Con International's Russ Manning Most Promising Newcomer Award in 1982, and received both an Inkpot Award and the Kirby Award for Best Graphic Album in 1986.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Striporama", "paragraph_text": "Striporama is a 1953 comedy film directed by Jerald Intrator. The film starred a number of burlesque comedy, dance and striptease acts that were popular during the early 1950s. Today, it is best known as one of the few feature films starring pin-up model Bettie Page.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mary Harron", "paragraph_text": "Mary Harron (born January 12, 1953) is a Canadian filmmaker and screenwriter best known for her socially-conscious independent films like \"I Shot Andy Warhol\", \"American Psycho\" and \"The Notorious Bettie Page\".", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade279e5542992fa25da6fa", "question_text": "Kent Dairy Round Barn is near the city in what Montana county?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Carbon"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Robert Weber Round Barn", "paragraph_text": "The Robert Weber Round Barn is a round barn located east of Durand, Illinois, United States along Illinois Route 75 in Harrison Township. The Weber barn was constructed in 1917 and features a roof designed and built by the Haas Brothers, who worked on other area round barns. The barn is 55 ft in diameter and features a 24 ft diameter central silo. The design of the Weber Round Barn stands out from other area round barns in its vitrified tile walls, a development used in later period American round barns. The Robert Weber Round Barn was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1984.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kent Dairy Round Barn", "paragraph_text": "The Kent Dairy Round Barn near Red Lodge, Montana is a round barn that was built during 1939-1941 and is believed to be one of the last round dairy barns built in the United States. It has an adjoining rectangular milkhouse. The barn was built under supervision of master barn builder, Emery McNamee, by Ephraim Kent and sons Armas, Harry, James, Leo, and Waino.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Dennis Otte Round Barn", "paragraph_text": "The Dennis Otte Round Barn is a round barn in the U.S. state of Illinois near the unincorporated Stephenson County community of Eleroy. The barn was built in 1930 by Herman Altenbern and has a diameter of 54 feet (16.5 m). The barn is representative of the last round barn design variations that evolved. The Otte Round Barn was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1984.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Red Lodge, Montana", "paragraph_text": "Red Lodge is a city in and the county seat of Carbon County, Montana, United States. It is part of the Billings Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,125 at the United States Census, 2010.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Virginia Tillery Round Barn", "paragraph_text": "The Virginia Tillery Round Barn is a round barn located on County Route 738 west of White Hall in Greene County, Illinois. The barn was built in the fall of 1912 for farmer Harry C. Price. With a 36 ft diameter, the barn is relatively small for an Illinois round barn; the median diameter of Illinois round barns was 60 ft . Its size suggests that it served as a general-purpose barn, not a dairy barn like the state's larger round barns. Brown tile blocks were used to build the barn, which is topped by a wood shingle roof with a cupola.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dammon Round Barn", "paragraph_text": "Dammon Round Barn is a round barn just southeast of Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, adjacent to U.S. Route 61. The barn is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1914, with a foundation of Mississippi River limestone, and is 60 ft in diameter and 60 ft high. It was built during a time of agricultural growth in Goodhue County, when dairy cow herds were averaging 25 cows per farm and farmers were starting to build specialized barns. The round barn design was built around a silo and provided insulation for the silage, as well as making feeding and cleaning easier. Despite the efficiency, however, round barns were difficult to construct, and they were not widely adopted. Later in its history the barn was used for honey production of the bee keeping owners of the farm. In 2000 the Farm was purchased by Robin and Elaine Kleffman and the Dammon Barn underwent some significant restoration. A straightening of the walls and replacement of the original pillars for the upper floor support and a leveling and new installation of a floor in the top level of the barn makes this one of the most premiere remaining round barns in Minnesota.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "University of Illinois round barns", "paragraph_text": "The three University of Illinois round barns played a special role in the promotion and popularity of the American round barn. They are located in the U.S. city of Urbana, Illinois on the campus of the University of Illinois (U of I). The University of Illinois was home to one of the Agricultural Experiment Stations, located at U.S. universities, which were at the heart of the promotion of the round barn. At least one round barn in Illinois was built specifically after its owner viewed the barns at the university. Though originally an experiment the three barns helped to lead the way for round barn construction throughout the Midwest, particularly in Illinois. The barns were listed as contributing properties to the U of I Experimental Dairy Farm Historic District, which was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Thomas Ranck Round Barn", "paragraph_text": "The Thomas Ranck Round Barn is a round barn in Waterloo Township near the Fayette-Wayne County, Indiana county line. It is one of many round barns built in Indiana during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Of the round barns built in eastern Indiana during this period the Ranck Round Barn stands out as one of the most elaborately designed structures. The Thomas Ranck Round Barn was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in January 1983.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Bert Leedy Round Barn", "paragraph_text": "The Bert Leedy Round Barn, also known as Paxton Round Barn and as Fulton County Historical Society Round Barn, is a round barn located in Richland Township near Rochester, Indiana, United States. Built in 1924, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. The listing was consistent with terms of a National Park Service \"Multiple Property Documentation\" study on \"Round and Polygonal Barns of Indiana\" that was prepared in 1991. The Round Barn was moved to its current site, an open-air museum, in 1989 after it was struck by a tornado.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "James Bruce Round Barn", "paragraph_text": "The James Bruce Round Barn is a round barn located near the Stephenson County, Illinois city of Freeport, United States. The barn was constructed in 1914 by the team of Jeremiah Shaffer and the Haas Brothers, who were responsible for at least a dozen round barns in the area. The barn features a single hip roof design which was probably influenced by the Agricultural Experiment Stations at the University of Illinois and the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The Bruce Round Barn was the last known round barn designed by the Shaffer\u2013Haas team. The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as part of a multiple property submission in 1984.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab74eb85542993667793fb8", "question_text": "Which Croatian professional basketball player (a shooting guard) did New Jersey Nets acquire during their 1990\u201391 season?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "1990\u201391 New Jersey Nets season", "paragraph_text": "The 1990\u201391 NBA season was the Nets' 24th season in the National Basketball Association, and 15th season in East Rutherford, New Jersey. After finishing with the worst record last season, the Nets won the draft lottery and selected Derrick Coleman out of Syracuse with the first pick in the 1990 NBA draft. In the offseason, the team acquired Reggie Theus from the Orlando Magic. However, the Nets continued to struggle losing eleven consecutive games between December and January. Their movement would continue at midseason as they acquired Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 from the Portland Trail Blazers, and rookie Terry Mills from the Denver Nuggets. The Nets finished fifth in the Atlantic Division with a 26\u201356 record. Coleman had a stellar rookie season averaging 18.4 points and 10.3 rebounds per game, as he was named Rookie of The Year. Following the season, Theus retired.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "MarShon Brooks", "paragraph_text": "MarShon Scitif Brooks (born January 26, 1989) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for the Jiangsu Dragons of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). Standing at 6 ft , he plays at shooting guard and small forward positions. Originally drafted by the Boston Celtics with the 25th pick in the 2011 NBA draft, he was immediately traded to the New Jersey Nets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bojan Bogdanovi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Bojan Bogdanovi\u0107 (] ) (born 18 April 1989) is a Croatian professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He also represents the Croatian national basketball team. Standing at 2.03 m , he plays at the shooting guard and small forward positions. He was selected by the Miami Heat with the 31st overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ante Dela\u0161", "paragraph_text": "Ante Dela\u0161 (born March 11, 1988) is a Croatian professional basketball player for Anwil W\u0142oc\u0142awek of the Polish Basketball League. He can play at both the point guard and shooting guard positions, making him a classical combo guard, despite his height (2.00 m) and thin physique. He is the older brother of Mario Dela\u0161, who is also a professional basketball player, and with whom he played with in Split, Cedevita and the Croatian national basketball team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of Brooklyn Nets head coaches", "paragraph_text": "The Brooklyn Nets are an American professional basketball team based in Brooklyn, New York. They are a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team plays its home games at the Barclays Center. The franchise was founded as the New Jersey Americans in 1967, and was one of the eleven original American Basketball Association (ABA) teams. In its second ABA season, Arthur Brown, the team owner, moved the team to Long Island and renamed it the New York Nets. The team won ABA championships in 1974 and 1976. When the ABA merged with the NBA in 1976, the Nets were one of four ABA teams admitted into the NBA. The team was moved to the Rutgers Athletic Center in New Jersey; after the 1976\u201377 NBA season, the team was renamed the New Jersey Nets. Since they joined the NBA, the Nets have won 4\u00a0divisional championships, 2\u00a0conference championships and appeared in the playoffs 16\u00a0times. The Nets moved to Brooklyn in 2012, and now play as the Brooklyn Nets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sasha Vuja\u010di\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Aleksandar \"Sasha\" Vuja\u010di\u0107 (, Slovene: \"Sa\u0161a Vuja\u010di\u010d\" , rendered in English as \"Sasha Vujacic\", ] ; born March 8, 1984) is a Slovenian professional basketball player for Auxilium Torino of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). Throughout his career, he has also played in Italy (for Snaidero Udine), in Turkey (for Anadolu Efes and \u0130stanbul BB) and in the United States (for the Los Angeles Lakers, New Jersey Nets, Los Angeles Clippers and the New York Knicks). He plays at the shooting guard position.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Roko Uki\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Roko Leni Uki\u0107 (born December 5, 1984) is a Croatian professional basketball player for Cedevita Zagreb of the Croatian League. Standing at 6 ft , he mainly plays at the point guard position, but he can also play at the shooting guard position.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Johnny Newman", "paragraph_text": "John Sylvester Newman, Jr. (born November 28, 1963) is an American retired professional basketball player. A 6' 7\" and 210 lb shooting guard/small forward, Newman starred at the University of Richmond, before going on to play in the National Basketball Association. In his 16 seasons (1986\u20132002) in the NBA, he was a member of the Cleveland Cavaliers, New York Knicks, Charlotte Hornets, New Jersey Nets, Milwaukee Bucks, Denver Nuggets, and Dallas Mavericks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Brooklyn Nets seasons", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of seasons completed by the Brooklyn Nets professional basketball franchise. The Nets were founded as the New Jersey Americans in 1967, a charter franchise of the American Basketball Association (ABA). A year later, the team moved to Long Island, New York, and were renamed as the New York Nets. There, behind the play of Hall of Famer Julius Erving, the team won its only two ABA championships: in 1974 and 1976. After the 1975\u201376 season, the ABA merged with the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the Nets were one of four franchises who joined the older league. After a season of being the second team to represent the state of New York, (along with the New York Knicks), the team moved back to New Jersey as the New Jersey Nets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 (; October 22, 1964 \u2013 June 7, 1993) was a Croatian professional basketball player. A shooting guard, he initially achieved success playing professional basketball in Europe in the 1980s, before joining the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1989.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7299e75542991f9a20c524", "question_text": "What movie was released at a later date, My Dog Tulip or Monsters vs. Aliens?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Monsters vs. Aliens"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Greg Miller (animator)", "paragraph_text": "Greg Miller is an American animator, cartoonist and storyboard artist. He worked on the production of \"Shrek the Third\" and \"Monsters vs. Aliens\" as the additional storyboard artist. His recent credits include being a storyboard artist, writer, animator, and character designer on \"Secret Mountain Fort Awesome\", \"Gravity Falls\", and \"Uncle Grandpa\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "My Dog Tulip", "paragraph_text": "My Dog Tulip is an American independent animated feature film based on the 1956 memoir of the same name by J. R. Ackerley, BBC editor, novelist and memoirist. The film tells the story of Ackerley's fifteen-year relationship with his Alsatian dog (German Shepherd) \"Queenie\", who had been renamed \"Tulip\" for the book. The film \u2013 geared toward an adult audience \u2013 was adapted, directed and animated by Paul Fierlinger with backgrounds and characters painted by his wife, Sandra Fierlinger.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Monsters vs. Aliens", "paragraph_text": "Monsters vs. Aliens is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated science fiction film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was DreamWorks Animation's first feature film to be directly produced in a stereoscopic 3-D format instead of being converted into 3-D after completion, which added $15 million to the film's budget.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mi\u0142ogost Reczek", "paragraph_text": "Mi\u0142ogost Reczek (born February 10, 1961) is a Polish actor. He is known for dubbing voices. He is known as the Polish dub voice for Homer Simpson in \"The Simpsons Movie\". He has dubbed in films like \"Star Wars\" original trilogy, \"Despicable Me\", \"Thomas and Friends\", \"Monsters vs Aliens\", the Simpsons Movie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Monsters vs. Aliens (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Monsters vs. Aliens is a 2009 video game based on the film with the same name. The game was released on March 24, 2009 on PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 And Wii.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Monsters vs. Aliens: Mutant Pumpkins from Outer Space", "paragraph_text": "Monsters vs. Aliens: Mutant Pumpkins from Outer Space", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Monsters vs. Aliens (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Monsters vs. Aliens is an American computer-animated television series based on the 2009 film of the same name. After being first announced in 2009, the series premiered on Nickelodeon on March 23, 2013, after the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards, then began airing in its regular timeslot on April 6, 2013. A total of 26 episodes consisting of 52 segments were released, with the last episode airing on February 8, 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of Monsters vs. Aliens characters", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of characters from the movie Monsters vs. Aliens and other spin-off related.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Buchanan Brothers", "paragraph_text": "The Buchanan Brothers were two brothers, Chester and Lester Buchanan, who recorded country music during the 1940s on the RCA Victor label. They had a top ten hit, \"Atomic Power\", released in August 1946; this song was also featured in the 1982 movie \"The Atomic Caf\u00e9\". Another song, 1947's \"(When You See) Those Flying Saucers\", was used in the opening scene of the 2009 animated release \"Monsters vs. Aliens\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Monsters vs. Aliens (franchise)", "paragraph_text": "Monsters vs. Aliens is a media franchise created by DreamWorks Animation. The franchise began with the 2009 film \"Monsters vs. Aliens\" and has since grown to include a short film, two television specials, a television series, and a video game.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae7739c5542997b22f6a775", "question_text": "An Austrian-British psychoanalyst born in 1882 and innovative in object relations theory was also rigorous about what other type of therapy?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Morita therapy"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Morita therapy", "paragraph_text": "Morita therapy is an ecological, purpose-centered, response-oriented therapy created through case-based research by Shoma Morita, M.D. (1874\u20131938). Morita developed his theory of consciousness and medically-grounded four-stage progressive therapeutic method with as much rigor as his contemporaries, Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Anna Freud, Carl Jung, Jacques Lacan, Melanie Klein, and Wilfred Bion.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Polly Young-Eisendrath", "paragraph_text": "Polly Young-Eisendrath (born 1947) is a psychologist, feminist, author, teacher, speaker, Jungian analyst, Zen Buddhist, and the founder of Enlightening Conversations: Buddhism and Psychoanalysis Meeting in Person. She has been a featured speaker at the Aspen Ideas Festival, TED-X, and is the recipient of the Otto Weininger Award for Lifetime Achievement in Psychoanalysis. Polly Young-Eisendrath is the originator of Dialogue Therapy -- designed to help couples and others transform chronic conflict into greater closeness and development. In 1983, Polly and her late husband, Ed Epstein, designed Dialogue Therapy as a new form of couples therapy that combined psychoanalysis, Jungian theory, psychodrama, and gender theory. Polly published two books on Dialogue Therapy (1984 and 1993), detailing its theory and methods for clinicians and the general public. She has now re-visioned and updated Dialogue Therapy to include the unique combination of psychodrama, Object Relations, and Mindfulness. In 2018, Shambhala Publications will release \"True Love Ways: Relationship as Psycho-Spiritual Development\" that offers her vision of personal love as a spiritual path and draws on her experience of 30 years as a Dialogue Therapist and Jungian psychoanalyst. Polly maintains a clinical practice of Jungian psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis in Vermont, U.S.A.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ronald Fairbairn", "paragraph_text": "William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn ( ) FRSE (11 August 1889 \u2013 31 December 1964) was a Scottish psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and a central figure in the development of the object relations theory of psychoanalysis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Schema therapy", "paragraph_text": "Schema therapy was developed by Jeffrey E. Young for use in treatment of personality disorders and chronic DSM Axis I disorders, such as when patients fail to respond or relapse after having been through other therapies (for example, traditional cognitive behavioral therapy). Schema therapy is an integrative psychotherapy combining theory and techniques from previously existing therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoanalytic object relations theory, attachment theory, and Gestalt therapy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Melanie Klein", "paragraph_text": "Melanie Reizes Klein (30 March 1882 \u2013 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-British psychoanalyst who devised novel therapeutic techniques for children that influenced child psychology and contemporary psychoanalysis. She was a leading innovator in object relations theory.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Donald Winnicott", "paragraph_text": "Donald Woods Winnicott ( ; 7 April 1896 25 January 1971) was an English paediatrician and psychoanalyst who was especially influential in the field of object relations theory. He was a leading member of the British Independent Group of the British Psychoanalytical Society, President of the British Psychoanalytical Society twice (1956\u20131959 and 1965\u20131968), and a close associate of Marion Milner. He is best known for his ideas on the true self and false self, and the transitional object. He wrote several books, including \"Playing and Reality\", and over 200 papers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Love object", "paragraph_text": "A love object is an object of love; see Love and Object relations theory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Object relations theory", "paragraph_text": "Object relations theory in psychoanalytic psychology is the process of developing a psyche in relation to others in the environment during childhood. Based on psychodynamic theory, the object relations theory suggests that the way people relate to others and situations in their adult lives is shaped by family experiences during infancy. For example, an adult who experienced neglect or abuse in infancy would expect similar behavior from others who remind them of the neglectful or abusive parent from their past. These images of people and events turn into \"objects\" in the unconscious that the \"self\" carries into adulthood, and they are used by the unconscious to predict people's behavior in their social relationships and interactions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Otto F. Kernberg", "paragraph_text": "Otto Friedmann Kernberg (born 10 September 1928) is a psychoanalyst and professor of psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College. He is most widely known for his psychoanalytic theories on borderline personality organization and narcissistic pathology. In addition, his work has been central in integrating postwar ego psychology (which was primarily developed in the United States and the United Kingdom) with Kleinian and other object relations perspectives (which was developed primarily in the United Kingdom and South America). His integrative writings were central to the development of modern object relations, a theory of mind that is perhaps the theory most widely accepted among modern psychoanalysts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Margaret Little", "paragraph_text": "Margaret I. Little (21 May 1901 \u2013 27 November 1994) was a British psychoanalyst of the British Middle Group, and an influential figure in the creation of object relations theory, particularly as an early proponent of the utility of countertransference in the analytic process.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8b67b655429950cd6afcde", "question_text": "Who is the controlling shareholder of the world's fourth-largest tyre manufacturer?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["J\u00fcrgen M. Geissinger"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "JK Tyre", "paragraph_text": "JK Tyre & Industries Ltd is an Automotive Tyre, Tubes and flaps manufacturing company based in Delhi, India. The name JK is derived from the initials of Kamlapatji (1884\u20131937) and his father Seth Juggilal (1857\u20131922). The company is the market leader in Truck/Bus Radial tire in India and is the only tyre manufacturer offering the entire range of 4 wheeler radials for Trucks, Buses and Cars. JK Tyre has a worldwide customer base in over 80 countries across all 6 continents. It is a part of J. K. Organisation group of Companies. JK Tyre acquired Mexican tyre major \u2013 Tornel in 2008. With production facilities in all 9 plants, total production capacity is almost 20 million tyres p.a.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Stomil Olsztyn (company)", "paragraph_text": "Stomil Olsztyn was a tyre manufacturer based in Olsztyn, Poland. The company came into existence when the tyre plant OZOS \u201eStomil\u201d, founded in 1967, was privatized in 1992. In 1995 Michelin acquired the majority share in Stomil. From 1995 to May 28, 2004 Stomil was quoted at the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In 2005 Michelin gained full control of Stomil and renamed it to \"Michelin Polska S.A.\". With roughly 4,000 employees \"Michelin Polska\" is one of the largest Michelin plants and the largest tyre plant in Poland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Belshina", "paragraph_text": "Belshina is a tyre manufacturer in Belarus. The name is an abbreviation for \"Bel\u0430ruskaya shina\", or \"Belarusian Tyre\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1978 Brazilian Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": "The 1978 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 29 January 1978 at Jacarepagua. The race was won by Argentine driver Carlos Reutemann driving a Ferrari 312T2 in a flag-to-flag performance. The win also represented the first win for tyre manufacturer Michelin. Local driver Emerson Fittipaldi was second, scoring the first podium finish for the Fittipaldi Automotive with Austrian Brabham driver Niki Lauda finishing third. French driver Didier Pironi took his first points in Formula One, finishing sixth. The race also represented the first win for French tyre manufacturer Michelin in Formula One.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Continental AG", "paragraph_text": "Continental AG, commonly known as Continental, is a leading German automotive manufacturing company specialising in tyres, brake systems, interior electronics, automotive safety, powertrain and chassis components, tachographs, and other parts for the automotive and transportation industries. Continental is based in Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany. Continental is the world's fourth-largest tyre manufacturer. Continental was founded in 1871 as a rubber manufacturer, \"Continental-Caoutchouc und Gutta-Percha Compagnie\". After acquiring Siemens AG's VDO automotive unit in 2007 Continental was ranked third in global OEM automotive parts sales in 2012 according to a study sponsored by PricewaterhouseCoopers.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Neeraj Kanwar", "paragraph_text": "Neeraj Kanwar (born 6 September 1971) is the vice chairman and managing director of Apollo Tyres, India's second largest tyre manufacturer with annual revenues of over $2 billion. He is credited with turning Apollo Tyres from a commercial vehicle-focussed tyre manufacturer in India when he joined in 1995 into a multinational company that now manufactures tyres for commercial and passenger vehicles as well as two wheeler tyres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Juergen M. Geissinger", "paragraph_text": "J\u00fcrgen M. Geissinger (born July 24, 1959) is a German technology business executive and Chief Executive Officer of \"Senvion S.A.\", a Hamburg based wind turbine manufacturer. Geissinger is best known for his role as the Chief Executive of Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG, a technology conglomerate known for its bearing solutions and precision components for engine and transmission systems for automotive, as well as industrial and aerospace applications. During Geissinger\u2019s tenure as CEO, annual sales have risen more than fivefold. Schaeffler AG, employing over 76,000 people across 180 locations in 50 countries, with annual sales of $14 billion, is also the controlling shareholder of Continental AG with 49.9% of its shares.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Lapo Elkann", "paragraph_text": "Lapo Edovard Elkann (born 7 October 1977) is an Italian entrepreneur and grandson of Gianni Agnelli, the former controlling CEO and controlling shareholder of Fiat Automobiles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "TerreStar Corporation", "paragraph_text": "TerreStar Corporation (\"TSTR\"), formerly \"Motient Corp.\" (MNCP - 2000-2007) and \"American Mobile Satellite Corp.\" (AMSC - 1988-2000), was the controlling shareholder of \"TerreStar Networks Inc.\", \"TerreStar National Services, Inc.\" and \"TerreStar Global Ltd.\", and a shareholder of SkyTerra Communications.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Cl\u00e9ment Tyres", "paragraph_text": "Cl\u00e9ment Tyres, Cl\u00e9ment Pneumatics, Cl\u00e9ment Pneumatici, is a Franco Italian tyre manufacturer that was founded by French industrialist and bicycle manufacturer Adolphe Cl\u00e9ment-Bayard, possibly around the 1900s. The brand ceased active trading in the 1990s but was revived under American identity in 2010.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab442645542991751b4d70c", "question_text": "What type of the district is the Downtown Bentonville of the state in the southeastern region of the United States which is home to over 3 million people as of 2017?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["business district"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Florida", "paragraph_text": "Florida (Spanish for \"land of flowers\") is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Alabama, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida. Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state, and is legally the largest city by area in the contiguous United States (due to the consolidation of Jacksonville with Duval County). The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Alabama Theatre", "paragraph_text": "The Alabama Theatre is a movie palace in Birmingham, Alabama. It was built in 1927 by Paramount's Publix Theatre chain as its flagship theater for the southeastern region of the United States. Seating 2,500 people at the time, it was the largest in the Birmingham Theatre district. The district was once home to a myriad of large theaters that featured vaudeville, performing arts, nickelodeons, and large first-run movie palaces. The Alabama is the only district theater still operating today. Built to show silent films, the Alabama still features its original Wurlitzer theater organ. Other than the Alabama, the Lyric Theatre is the only theater still standing in the district.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Interstate 71", "paragraph_text": "Interstate 71 (I-71) is a north-south (physically northeast-southwest) Interstate Highway in the Great Lakes/Midwestern and Southeastern region of the United States. Its southern terminus is at an interchange with Interstate 64 and Interstate 65 (the Kennedy Interchange) in Louisville, Kentucky. Its northern terminus is at an interchange with Interstate 90 in Cleveland, Ohio. I-71 runs concurrently with Interstate 75 from a point about 20 mi south of Cincinnati, Ohio into downtown Cincinnati. Almost three quarters of the route lies east of I-75, thereby putting it out of its proper place in the Interstate grid.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Charlotte metropolitan area", "paragraph_text": "The Charlotte metropolitan area (also Metrolina, Charlotte Metro, or Charlotte USA) is a metropolitan area/region of North and South Carolina within and surrounding the city of Charlotte. Located in the Piedmont of the Southeastern United States, the Charlotte metropolitan area is well known for its auto racing history (especially NASCAR). The region is headquarters to 8 Fortune 500 and 7 Fortune 1000 companies including Bank of America, Duke Energy, Sealed Air Corporation, Nucor Steel, and Lowe's Home Improvement Stores. Additional headquarters include Harris Teeter, Food Lion, Cheerwine and Sundrop. It is home to one of the world's busiest airports , Charlotte Douglas International Airport, and is also the Carolinas' largest manufacturing region. The Charlotte MSA is the largest in the Carolinas, and the fourth largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern region of the United States behind, Miami, Atlanta, and Tampa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Arkansas", "paragraph_text": "Arkansas (pronounced ) is a state in the southeastern region of the United States, home to over 3 million people as of 2017. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the Quapaw Indians. The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Downtown Bentonville", "paragraph_text": "Downtown Bentonville is the historic business district of Bentonville, Arkansas. The region is the location of Walmart Home Office; city and county government facilities; and most of Bentonville's tourist attractions for the city and contains many historically and architecturally significant properties. Downtown measures approximately 1.5 sqmi and is defined as the region between Tiger Boulevard to the north, Highway\u00a0102 (AR\u00a0102) to the south, Walton Boulevard (U.S. Route 71B) to the west and J Street to the east. Similar to other central business districts in the US, Downtown has recently undergone a transformation that included the construction of new condos and lofts, renovation of historic buildings, and arrival of new residents and businesses. Upon opening of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art the increased tourist traffic related to the museum has made Downtown Bentonville one of the state's most popular tourism destinations.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Coffeyville, Kansas", "paragraph_text": "Coffeyville is a city in southeastern Montgomery County, Kansas, United States, located along the Verdigris River in the state's southeastern region. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 10,295. It is the most populous city of Montgomery County and with its southeast Kansas location is located in the Tulsa, Oklahoma media market. The town of South Coffeyville, Oklahoma is located approximately 1 mile south of the city, existing as a separate political entity immediately south of the state line.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hartsfield\u2013Jackson Atlanta International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Hartsfield\u2013Jackson Atlanta International Airport (IATA: ATL,\u00a0ICAO: KATL,\u00a0FAA LID: ATL) , also known as Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield, or Hartsfield\u2013Jackson, is an international airport located 7 mi south of Atlanta's central business district, in the U.S. state of Georgia. It has been the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998; and by number of landings and take-offs from 2005 to 2013, losing that title to Chicago-O'Hare in 2014, but regaining it a year later. Hartsfield\u2013Jackson held its ranking as the world's busiest airport in 2012, both in passengers and number of flights, by accommodating 100 million passengers (more than 260,000 passengers daily) and 950,119 flights. Many of the nearly one million flights are domestic flights from within the United States, where the airport serves as a major hub for travel throughout the southeastern region of the country. The airport has 207 domestic and international gates. ATL covers 4,700 acres (1,902 ha) of land.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Uruguay", "paragraph_text": "Uruguay ( ; ] ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: \"Rep\u00fablica Oriental del Uruguay\" ), is a sovereign state in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the R\u00edo de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated /1e6 round 2 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately 176000 km2 , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, after Suriname.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Tennessee ( ; Cherokee: \u13d4\u13be\u13cf , \"Tanasi \" ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, with a population of 660,388. Tennessee's second largest city is Memphis, which has a population of 652,717.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab8829d55429934fafe6e08", "question_text": "The View from the Bottom is the fifth studio album by an American rock band best known for what hit song?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["My Own Worst Enemy"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The KOLIN", "paragraph_text": "The KOLIN are a Hungarian indie-pop band best known for their hit song \"San Francisco\". The band was formed in 2007 in Budapest. Their music style is synthpop influenced with indie rock and new rave sounds. The band consists of M\u00e1rk\u00f3 Lincz\u00e9nyi (vocals/synthesizer), \u00c1goston Iv\u00e1n (drums) and Ferigeri (bass). Their debut album called \"Yell Into The Kazzo\". It was released in 2008 by Universal Music Group. The KOLIN won the award for Best Hungarian Act at the 2009 and 2010 MTV Europe Music Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Iron Butterfly", "paragraph_text": "Iron Butterfly is an American rock band best known for the 1968 hit \"In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida\", providing a dramatic sound that led the way towards the development of hard rock and heavy metal music. Formed in San Diego, California, among band members who used to be \"arch enemies\", their heyday was the late 1960s, but the band has been reincarnated with various members with varying levels of success, with no new recordings since 1975. The band's seminal 1968 album \"In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida\" is among the world's 40 best-selling albums, selling more than 30 million copies. Iron Butterfly is also notable for being the first group to receive an RIAA platinum award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Lynyrd Skynyrd", "paragraph_text": "Lynyrd Skynyrd (pronounced ) is an American rock band best known for popularizing the Southern rock genre during the 1970s. Originally formed in 1964 as \"My Backyard\" in Jacksonville, Florida, the band was also known by names such as \"The Noble Five\" and \"One Percent\", before finally deciding on \"Lynyrd Skynyrd\" in 1969. The band gained worldwide recognition for its live performances and signature songs \"Sweet Home Alabama\" and \"Free Bird\". At the peak of their success, two band members and a backup singer died in an airplane crash in 1977, putting an abrupt end to the band's most popular incarnation. The band has sold 28 million records in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lit (band)", "paragraph_text": "Lit is an American rock band, formed in 1995 in Fullerton, California. They are best known for their hit song \"My Own Worst Enemy\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Starfires (Cleveland band)", "paragraph_text": "The Starfires is an American rock and roll band, founded in Cleveland, Ohio in 1958, by Tom King when he was aged 15. The band is sometimes identified as Tom King and the Starfires. King is best known as the original bandleader of the Outsiders; however, it was only at the insistence of Capitol Records that the band's name was changed when they created their breakout hit \"Time Won't Let Me\". (This is not the same band as the Starfires, a 1960s Los Angeles garage rock band best known for their track, \"I Never Loved Her\".)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Seven and the Sun", "paragraph_text": "Seven and the Sun was an American rock band best known for their 2002 single \"Walk with Me\". Their song was used in the TV soap opera \"Passions\" and was also featured in the Columbia Pictures film, \"America's Sweethearts\" starring Julia Roberts, Billy Crystal, John Cusack and Catherine Zeta-Jones. It received moderate air play on American radio, reaching number 38 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Top 40, number 27 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Top 40 and number 40 on the \"Billboard\" Top 40 Tracks chart. \"Walk with Me\" was their only hit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The View from the Bottom", "paragraph_text": "The View from the Bottom is the fifth studio album by the American rock band Lit, released on June 19, 2012 through Megaforce Records. It is the band's first new album in eight years, since the release of their self-titled album in 2004. It also marks the first album with Nathan Walker on drums, succeeding the late Allen Shellenberger, who died in 2009, and rhythm guitarist Ryan Gillmor, making it the only time the band has recorded as a five-piece.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Finger Eleven", "paragraph_text": "Finger Eleven is a Canadian rock band from Burlington, Ontario, formed in 1990. They have released seven total studio albums (six as Finger Eleven and one as Rainbow Butt Monkeys), with their album \"The Greyest of Blue Skies\" bringing them into the mainstream. The 2003 self-titled album achieved Gold status in the United States and Platinum in Canada, largely from the success of the single \"One Thing\", which marked the band's first placing on the US Hot 100 Chart at number 16. Their 2007 album, \"Them vs. You vs. Me\", launched the single \"Paralyzer\", which went on to top numerous charts including the Canadian Hot 100 and both US rock charts, as well as reaching No.\u00a06 on the US Hot 100 and No.\u00a012 on the Australian Singles Chart. They won the Juno Award for Rock Album of the Year in 2008. It was later certified gold status in the US and multi platinum in Canada. They released their sixth studio album, \"Life Turns Electric\", on October 5, 2010; it was nominated for a Juno Award for Best Rock Album of the Year. They released their first single, \"Living in a Dream\", adding a little bit of more of funk rock and dance rock, just like their hit song \"Paralyzer\". \" Five Crooked Lines\", their 7th studio album, was released July 31, 2015, with \"Wolves and Doors\" as the lead single.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Coming Home (New Found Glory album)", "paragraph_text": "Coming Home is the fifth studio album by American rock band New Found Glory. It was produced by the band along with Thom Panunzio and released on September 19, 2006 through Geffen Records. Written and demoed at the Morning View Mansion in Malibu, California during 2005, \"Coming Home\" is a concept album unified by a lyrical theme of being away from home and loved ones. The album marks a departure from the band's earlier work, implementing a more layered and mid-tempo sound that features various piano, keyboard, and string instrumentation more comparable to classic rock than their usual pop punk style.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Classic Crime", "paragraph_text": "The Classic Crime is an American rock band from Seattle, Washington formed in 2004. The band's current lineup consists of Matt MacDonald (vocals, guitar), Alan Clark (bass), Robert \"Cheeze\" Negrin (guitar), and Paul \"Skip\" Erickson (drums, vocals). They have released three albums and an EP on Tooth & Nail Records, two of which, \"The Silver Cord\" (2008) and \"Vagabonds\" (2010), charted in the \"Billboard\" 200. In July 2011, the band left Tooth & Nail to produce a fourth album with the help of fan donations via Kickstarter, called \"Phoenix\" (2012). In April 2016, The Classic Crime created a Kickstarter to raise funds for a fifth studio album. Within three hours they acquired the necessary $30,000 for the album. On April 28th, 2017 they released their fifth studio album titled \"How to Be Human\"(2017).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac007cc5542996f0d89cb0b", "question_text": "Who was attempting to regain the British throne until the Raids on Lachaber and Shiramore shut down his operations?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Charles Edward Stuart"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Raids on Lochaber and Shiramore", "paragraph_text": "The Raids on Lochaber and Shiramore took place in the Scottish Highlands between 22 May and 31 August 1746 and were part of the closing operations of the British-Hanoverian Government to bring to an end the Jacobite rising of 1745. Sometimes referred to as the \"mopping up\" operations many rebels surrendered themselves and their arms, while others were captured and punished. It also included the hunt for the Jacobite leader \"Bonnie Prince\" Charles Edward Stuart otherwise known as the \"Young Pretender\". Most of the work was done on behalf of the Government by the Independent Highland Companies of militia and also the Campbell of Argyll Militia.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dauphine of France", "paragraph_text": "The Dauphine of France (] ) was the wife of the Dauphin of France (the heir apparent to the French throne). The position was analogous to the Princess of Wales (the wife of the heir apparent to the British throne).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Prince Christian of Hanover (born 1985)", "paragraph_text": "Prince Christian of Hanover (Christian Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm-Ernst Friedrich Franz Prince of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick and L\u00fcneburg; born 1 June 1985) is the younger son of Ernst August, Prince of Hanover, and his first wife Chantal Hochuli. He is the second in the line of succession to the former Hanoverian throne, after his elder brother Prince Ernst August. As a descendant of George III of the United Kingdom, Christian is also in the line of succession to the British throne.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Count Ingolf of Rosenborg", "paragraph_text": "Count Ingolf of Rosenborg {'1': \", '2': \", '3': 'RE', '4': \"} (born 17 February 1940) is a former Danish prince. Born Prince Ingolf of Denmark (Danish: \"Prins Ingolf Christian Frederik Knud Harald Gorm Gustav Viggo Valdemar Aage til Danmark\" ), he appeared likely to some day become king until the constitution was changed in 1953 to allow females to inherit the crown, placing his branch of the dynasty behind that of his cousin Princess Margrethe and her two younger sisters. He later gave up his princely rank and his rights to the throne in order to marry a commoner. However, through his mother, he is a legitimate descendant of King George II of Great Britain, and retains a place in line to the British throne.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Reprisal operations", "paragraph_text": "Reprisal operations (Hebrew: \u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05d2\u05de\u05d5\u05dc\u200e , \"Pe'ulot HaTagmul \") were raids carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in the 1950s and 1960s in response to frequent fedayeen attacks during which armed Arab militants infiltrated Israel from Syria, Egypt and Jordan to carry out attacks on Israeli civilians and soldiers. Most of Reprisal operations followed raids that resulted in Israeli fatalities. The goal of these operations was to create deterrence and prevent future attacks. Two other factors behind the raids were restoring public morale and training newly formed army units.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Karl-Konstantin von Habsburg", "paragraph_text": "Karl-Konstantin von Habsburg (Given names: Karl-Konstantin Michael Stephan Maria; born on 20 July 2004 in Budapest) referred to in Austria as Karl-Konstantin Habsburg-Lothringen, in Hungary as Habsburg K\u00e1roly Konstantin, and also as Archduke Karl-Konstantin of Austria, is the only son of Georg von Habsburg and Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg. s of 2016 , he is considered third in line of succession to the former Austro-Hungarian throne. He is the great-grandson of Emperor Charles I of Austria through his grandfather Otto von Habsburg. Through his maternal grandfather, he is a descendant of George II of Great Britain, and would therefore be in line for the British throne were he not a Catholic and barred by the Act of Settlement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jacobite rising of 1745", "paragraph_text": "The Jacobite rising of 1745 (Scottish Gaelic: \"Bliadhna The\u00e0rlaich\" ] , \"The Year of Charles\") was the attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for the exiled House of Stuart. The rising occurred during the War of the Austrian Succession, when most of the British Army was on the European continent. Charles Edward Stuart, commonly known as \"Bonnie Prince Charlie\" or \"the Young Pretender\", sailed to Scotland and raised the Jacobite standard at Glenfinnan in the Scottish Highlands, where he was supported by a gathering of Highland clansmen. The march south began with an initial victory at Prestonpans near Edinburgh. The Jacobite army, now in bold spirits, marched onwards to Carlisle, over the border in England. When it reached Derby, some British divisions were recalled from the Continent and the Jacobite army retreated north to Inverness where the last battle on Scottish soil took place on a nearby moor at Culloden. The Battle of Culloden ended with the final defeat of the Jacobite cause. Charles Edward Stuart fled with a price on his head before finally sailing to France.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Act of Settlement (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "In English history, Act of Settlement most commonly refers to the Act of Settlement 1701, governing the line of succession to the English throne and, after 1707, to the British throne.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Succession to the Crown Act 2013", "paragraph_text": "The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (c. 20) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It altered the laws of succession to the British throne in accordance with the 2011 Perth Agreement. The act replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture for those born in the line of succession after 28 October 2011, which meant the eldest child regardless of gender would precede his or her siblings. The act also ended the disqualification of a person who married a Roman Catholic from the line of succession, and removed the requirement of those outside the first six persons in line to the throne to seek the Sovereign's approval to marry. It was brought into force on 26 March 2015, at the same time as the other Commonwealth realms implemented the Perth Agreement in their own laws.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kashyapa I of Anuradhapura", "paragraph_text": "Kashyapa I, also known as Kasyapa I, was a king of Sri Lanka, who ruled the country from 473 to 495 CE. He was the second king of the royal Mauryan dynasty of Sri Lanka. Kashyapa is credited with the construction of the Sigiriya citadel and the surrounding city. He acquired the throne by overthrowing his father, King Dhatusena, and usurping his brother and rightful heir to the throne, Moggallana, in a palace coup. He imprisoned and later executed his father. Kashyapa was also known as \"Pithru Ghathaka Kashyapa\" (Kashyapa the Patricide), after this incident. He was later defeated by Moggallana, who had fled to South India and returned with an army to regain the throne. Kashyapa was killed in the battle that ensued.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a771ead55429966f1a36c7c", "question_text": "Who starred as an American attorney in Grey Gardens?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Ken Howard"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lois Wright", "paragraph_text": "Lois Erdmann Wright is an American artist, author, and local television personality. She is best known for her appearance in the 1975 independent documentary film \"Grey Gardens\" by Albert and David Maysles. She is the author of the memoir \"My Life at Grey Gardens: 13 Months and Beyond\". She currently hosts \"The Lois Wright Show\" for LTV Public Access in East Hampton. As an artist, she has exhibited at Guild Hall in East Hampton and at the National Arts Club in New York. Her art focuses mainly on Edith Bouvier Beale and Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale of Grey Gardens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Phelan Beale", "paragraph_text": "Phelan Beale (May 23, 1881 \u2013 June 12, 1956) was an American attorney and sportsman in New York City who was married to Edith Ewing Bouvier, an aunt of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. Beale is probably best remembered as the absent father chronicled in the Grey Gardens saga portrayed in a 1975 movie documentary, 2006 Broadway musical, and 2009 HBO Film, all of which were named for his home in East Hampton, New York.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Grey Gardens", "paragraph_text": "Grey Gardens is a 1975 American documentary film by Albert and David Maysles. The film depicts the everyday lives of two reclusive, formerly upper class women, a mother and daughter both named Edith Beale, who lived in poverty at Grey Gardens, a derelict mansion at 3 West End Road in the wealthy Georgica Pond neighborhood of East Hampton, New York. The film was screened at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival but was not entered into the main competition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Grey Gardens (2009 film)", "paragraph_text": "Grey Gardens is an HBO film about the lives of Edith Bouvier Beale/\"Little Edie\", played by Drew Barrymore, and her mother Edith Ewing Bouvier/\"Big Edie\", played by Jessica Lange. Co-stars include Jeanne Tripplehorn as Jacqueline Kennedy (Little Edie's cousin) and Ken Howard as Phelan Beale (Little Edie's father). The film, directed by Michael Sucsy and co-written by Sucsy and Patricia Rozema, flashes back and forth between various events and dates ranging from Little Edie as a young d\u00e9butante in 1936 moving with her mother to their Grey Gardens estate through the filming and premiere of the actual 1975 documentary \"Grey Gardens\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Grey Gardens (musical)", "paragraph_text": "Grey Gardens is a musical with book by Doug Wright, music by Scott Frankel, and lyrics by Michael Korie, based on the 1975 documentary of the same title about the lives of Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale (\"Big Edie\") and her daughter Edith Bouvier Beale (\"Little Edie\") by Albert and David Maysles. The Beales were Jacqueline Kennedy's aunt and cousin, respectively. Set at Grey Gardens, the Bouviers' mansion in East Hampton, New York, the musical tracks the progression of the two women's lives from their original status as rich and socially polished aristocrats to their eventual largely isolated existence in a home overrun by cats and cited for repeated health code violations. However, its more central purpose is to untangle the complicated dynamics of their dysfunctional mother/daughter relationship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Michael Korie", "paragraph_text": "Michael Korie is an American librettist and lyricist whose writing for musical theater and opera includes the musicals \"Grey Gardens\" and \"Far From Heaven\", and the operas \"Harvey Milk\" and \"The Grapes of Wrath\". His works have been produced on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and internationally. His lyrics have been nominated for the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award, and won the Outer Critics Circle Award. In 2016, Korie was awarded the Marc Blitzstein Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Grey Gardens (estate)", "paragraph_text": "Grey Gardens is a 28-room house at 3 West End Road and Lily Pond Lane in the Georgica Pond neighborhood of East Hampton, New York. The lives of its residents were chronicled in the \"Grey Gardens\" 1975 documentary, 2006 Broadway musical, 2009 television movie, and numerous other books and documentaries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jeanne Tripplehorn", "paragraph_text": "Jeanne Marie Tripplehorn (born June 10, 1963) is an American film and television actress. Her film career began with the role of a police psychologist in the erotic thriller \"Basic Instinct\" (1992). Her other film roles include \"The Firm\" (1993), \"Waterworld\" (1995) and \"Sliding Doors\" (1998). On television, she starred as Barbara Henrickson on the HBO drama series \"Big Love\" (2006\u201311) and as Dr. Alex Blake on the CBS police drama \"Criminal Minds\" (2012\u201314), and she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for her performance as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in the 2009 HBO movie \"Grey Gardens\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Malcolm Gets", "paragraph_text": "Malcolm Gets (born December 28, 1964) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Richard in the American television sitcom \"Caroline in the City\". Gets is also a dancer, singer, composer, classically trained pianist, vocal director, and choreographer. He played Gould in the 2009 film \"Grey Gardens\" opposite Jessica Lange and Drew Barrymore and his first solo album came out in 2009 from PS Classics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jerry Torre", "paragraph_text": "Jerry \u201cThe Marble Faun\u201d Torre (b. 1953? /1955) is an American sculptor. He is best known for his appearance in the 1975 independent documentary films \"Grey Gardens\" and \"The Beales of Grey Gardens\" by Albert and David Maysles. As a sculptor, his work has been shown in several galleries in New York City and written about in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Vogue, Architectural Digest, Forbes, among other publications. He is affectionately known among cult-film followers as \u201cThe Marble Faun\u201d; a nickname that Edith Bouvier Beale gave him upon their first meeting. Torre worked as an assistant to Wayland Flowers, and through Aristotle Onassis obtained a job tending gardens for the Royal Family of Saudi Arabia. He was portrayed in the Tony Award winning Broadway musical \"Grey Gardens\" in 2006. His life has been documented in the 2011 film \"The Marble Faun of Grey Gardens\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a83d0ed5542996488c2e4e7", "question_text": "Triangle Brewing Company was started by a founder who had experience as what non-commercial alcohol producer?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["homebrewer"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "National Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "The National Brewing Company was a beer brewing company based in Baltimore, Maryland. The National Brewing Company operated from 1872 until the late 1970s. At the end of the 1970s, the National Brewing Company was purchased and their breweries were shut down. However, National's two most prominent brands, National Bohemian Beer and Colt 45, were kept alive and are now brewed in Wisconsin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Homebrewing", "paragraph_text": "Homebrewing is the brewing of beer on a small scale for personal, non-commercial purposes.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ebling Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "The Ebling Brewing Company, founded in 1868, was located in the South Bronx (the Melrose neighborhood, at the intersection 156th Street and St. Ann's Avenue) when German was the second language to English there. The company advertised their technique of aging their beer in \"natural rock caves.\" These caves were dug into a hill behind its headquarters under the brewery in the Bronx. The Ebling Brewing Company suffered under the laws of Prohibition. In 1925 it was required to padlock its doors for 4 months and pay a $250,000 fine after it was found to have two truckloads of beer that had higher than the legal alcohol content; they were found to be possessing \"real beer.\" The 72-year old president of the company at the time was William Ebling. The company finally closed its doors for good in the 1940s. The Ebling Brewing Company headquarters were razed and a parking lot was created over the site. The caves, sometimes as large as 20' x 100', were covered and forgotten by most people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Shipyard Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "Shipyard Brewing Company is a brewery and soft drink manufacturer in Portland, Maine, USA, and founded in 1994. Shipyard is the largest brewer in Maine (owning the Shipyard, Sea Dog Brewing Company, and Casco Bay Brewing Company banners, and bottling under contract with Gritty McDuff's Brewing Company). Shipyard is the fourth largest microbrewery in New England after Boston Beer Company, Harpoon Brewery, and Magic Hat Brewing Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Genesee Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "Genesee Brewing Company is an American brewery located along the Genesee River in Rochester, New York. In 1878, Genesee Brewing Company moved up into Rochester. From 2000 to 2009, the company was known as the High Falls Brewing Company. In 2009, High Falls was acquired by the capital investment firm KPS Capital. Together with also newly acquired Labatt USA, KPS merged the two companies as North American Breweries. Along with this change, High Falls Brewery changed its name back to the original \"Genesee Brewing Company\" operating under the North American Breweries name. In October 2012, North American Breweries was purchased by FIFCO", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "MillerCoors", "paragraph_text": "MillerCoors is a beer brewing company in the United States. In 2002 South African Breweries purchased Miller Brewing Company to create SABMiller. In 2005, Molson Brewery of Canada and Coors Brewing Company merged to form the Molson Coors Brewing Company. Then, in 2008, SABMiller and Molson Coors created MillerCoors as a joint venture for their operations in the U.S. The company is the second-largest brewer in the U.S., after Anheuser-Busch.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pabst Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "The Pabst Brewing Company ( ) is an American company that dates its origins to a brewing company founded in 1844 by Jacob Best and was, by 1889, named after Frederick Pabst. It is currently the holding company contracting for the brewing of over two dozen brands of beer and malt liquor from now defunct companies including Pabst Blue Ribbon, P. Ballantine and Sons Brewing Company, G. Heileman Brewing Company, Lone Star Brewing Company, Pearl Brewing Company, Piels Bros., Valentin Blatz Brewing Company, National Brewing Company, Olympia Brewing Company, Falstaff Brewing Corporation, Primo Brewing & Malting Company, Rainier Brewing Company, F & M Schaefer Brewing Company, Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company and Stroh Brewery Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Triangle Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "Triangle Brewing Co. (TBC) is a microbrewery owned and operated entirely by business partners (and high-school friends) Rick \"the Brewer\" Tufts and Andy \"the Bloke\" Miller, who have recently resettled in Durham, North Carolina from Connecticut. Andy Miller had extensive local restaurant management experience, and Rick Tufts apprenticed at Flying Fish Brewing Company and was an avid homebrewer long before founding a new brewery. TBC began selling beer on July 4, 2007 and was the only microbrewery in Durham. The arrival of a microbrewery in Durham is arguably part of the current downtown art, building, and cultural Renaissance.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hudepohl Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "Hudepohl Brewing Company is a brewery established in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1885 by founder Ludwig Hudepohl II. Hudepohl was the son of Bavarian immigrants and had worked in the surgical tool business before starting his brewery. Hudepohl combined with Schoenling Brewing Company in 1986. Today, the Hudepohl-Schoenling Brewing Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Christian Moerlein Brewing Co..", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gunther Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "Gunther Brewing Company is a historic brewery building located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The site comprises 15 masonry buildings. The main structure is a five-story brick \"L\"-shaped Romanesque Revival-style brew house with a two-story brick ice plant built about 1910 and one- and two-story boiler room. Additional brew houses built in 1936 and 1950 are also on the property. The Tulkoff Factory and Warehouse was built about 1964. It was home to the George Gunther, Jr. Brewing Company, founded in 1900. By 1959 it was the second largest brewery in Baltimore, when it produced 800,000 barrels per year and employed approximately 600 people. Hamm's Brewing Company bought the Gunther Brewing Company in 1960. Later acquired by the F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company in 1963, the plant was closed in 1978. The Tulkoff company briefly used the factory for their sauce products at the conclusion of all brewing operations.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac322c95542995ef918c117", "question_text": "Which magazine had more previous names, Watercolor Artist or The General?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The General"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Alfredo Guati Rojo National Watercolor Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Alfredo Guati Rojo National Watercolor Museum (Museo Nacional de Acuarela Alfredo Guati Rojo) was the first museum in the world dedicated specifically to watercolor painting. It is located in the Coyoac\u00e1n borough of Mexico City, in a former private house which was donated to the museum by the city government. It was founded and run by artist Alfredo Guati Rojo from its beginnings in 1964 until his death in 2003. The museum is dedicated to the preservation and continuance of watercolor painting both in Mexico and abroad, with its permanent collection of 300 works donated by Guati Rojo and his wife, classes in watercolor and drawing, its annual Premio Nacional de Acuarela (National Watercolor Prize) and various temporary exhibits both at the museum and abroad.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The General (magazine)", "paragraph_text": "The General (1964\u20131998) was a bi-monthly periodical devoted to supporting Avalon Hill's line of wargames, with articles on game tactics, history, and industry news. It was the first professionally produced wargaming magazine for the nascent cardboard and hex-map wargaming hobby. Over the years the magazine was variously called \"The Avalon Hill General\", \"Avalon Hill's General\", \"The General Magazine\", or simply \"General\". It was headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland. With the sale of Avalon Hill to Hasbro in 1998 the magazine ceased. Its unofficial heir was \"Operations Magazine\" published by Multi-Man Publishing to support the line of Avalon Hill games that remained in print, but that too went out of print in 2010, replaced by \"Special Ops\" magazine in 2011.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Maynard and Edith Hamlin Dixon House and Studio", "paragraph_text": "The Maynard and Edith Hamlin Dixon House and Studio is a residence and former painting studio in Mount Carmel, Utah. Maynard Dixon was a prominent artist in the 1920s through 1940s who is best known for his landscape paintings of the American West. He moved to Mount Carmel in 1939 shortly after marrying Edith Hamlin, a muralist from San Francisco, California. The Dixons spent their summers in the home and wintered in Tucson, Arizona. Maynard Dixon died in 1946, and Edith brought his ashes back to his Mt. Carmel home. Shortly afterward, Edith ordered the construction of a painting studio on the lot, where she created several of her notable works. Edith Dixon sold the home in 1963 to watercolor artist Milford Zornes, who occasionally used the studio. The property is on the National Register of Historic Places and is open to the public.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mary Whyte", "paragraph_text": "Mary Whyte (b.1953 Cleveland, Ohio) is an American watercolor artist, a traditionalist preferring a representational style, and the author of six published books, who has earned awards for her large-scale watercolors. In 2016, the Portrait Society of America chose Whyte as the 2016 recipient of the Society\u2019s Gold Medal, their highest honor. In 2013, Whyte was awarded by the state of South Carolina, as the recipient of the South Carolina Arts Commission\u2019s Elizabeth O'Neill Verner Governor\u2019s Award for the Arts; the highest honor given to an artist in South Carolina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Dual naming", "paragraph_text": "Dual naming is a policy for the naming of geographical landmarks, in which an official name is adopted that combines two previous names. Usually, the context is a conflict over which of the two previous names is most appropriate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Joseph F. DeMartini", "paragraph_text": "Joseph F. DeMartini (born February 13, 1927) is a watercolor artist, who paints pin-up girls. He was born and raised in San Francisco, California. DeMartini was a friend and contemporary of famed Alberto Vargas. He mentored several artists, including Ted Kimer, a watercolor pin-up artist. DeMartini is one of the last pin-up artists who does not utilize modern software to create and edit his works. Below is a personal statement by Joseph F. DeMartini:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Erwin Mallari", "paragraph_text": "The artist was born on November 3, 1979 in Malabon Metro Manila. He is known as a Watercolor artist in the Philippines. Erwin studied at the University of the East College of Fine Arts from 1997 to 2002 in Caloocan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Don O'Neill", "paragraph_text": "Don O'Neill (1924\u20132007) was a United States watercolor artist most noted for his depictions of historic downtown Riverside, California. An architect by trade, he began painting in the 1960s, and eventually became Riverside's premier watercolorist. O'Neill became the first resident of Southern California's Inland Empire to be accepted into the American Watercolor Society.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Watercolor Artist", "paragraph_text": "Watercolor Artist, formerly Watercolor Magic, is an American bi-monthly magazine that focuses on watermedia techniques, trends and artists. As of June 2006, it had a print run of more than 90,000.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Joseph S. Kozlowski", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Stanley Kozlowski (1912\u20131992), American portrait and watercolor artist, was born in Frankfort, New York. The family later owned a farm in Clinton, New York and Kozlowski attended Clinton High School. He graduated from Syracuse University in 1936 with a BFA degree. In 1938 he was appointed chief artist and photographer with the Poole-Crockett archaeological expedition to study the Mayan ruins in the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula undertaken by Syracuse University. He returned to Yucat\u00e1n in 1940 for a period of 8 months, using his paintings as barter for food and accommodations.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7616755542992d0ec06028", "question_text": "Where is the county seat for people living in Henderson Point, Mississippi?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Gulfport, Biloxi"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Henderson Point, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Henderson Point is a census-designated place (CDP) in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Gulfport\u2013Biloxi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 170 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Lewistown, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Lewistown is a borough in and the county seat of Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is the principal city of the \"Lewistown, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area\", which encompasses all of Mifflin County. It lies along the Juniata River, 61 mi northwest of Harrisburg. The number of people living in the borough in 1900 was 4,451; in 1910, 8,166; in 1940, 13,017; and in 2000, 8,998. The population was 8,338 at the 2010 census. Of the four communities in the United States named \"Lewistown\", this borough is the largest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "McIntosh County Seat War", "paragraph_text": "The McIntosh County Seat War was a dispute in Oklahoma over the location of the McIntosh County seat that took place between 1907 and 1909. Following a pair of elections that resulted in the town of Checotah being designated as the new county seat, the people of Eufaula refused to hand over the county records. As a result, a group of heavily armed men from Chectotah attempted to seize the records, but were forced to surrender during the gunbattle that ensued. One year later, after another close election, Eufaula became the permanent county seat.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hendersonville, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Hendersonville is a city in Henderson County, North Carolina United States. This city is 22 miles south of Asheville. It is the county seat of Henderson County. Like the county, the city is named for 19th-century North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice Leonard Henderson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Henderson, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Henderson is a city in Rusk County, northeast Texas, United States. The population was 13,712 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Rusk County. Henderson is named for James Pinckney Henderson, the first governor of Texas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Union Township, Clinton County, Ohio", "paragraph_text": "Union Township is one of the thirteen townships of Clinton County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 United States Census reported 3,085 people living in the township. The township surrounds the city of Wilmington, the Clinton County seat. Previous censuses recorded the population of Wilmington as within Union Township, and thus the township population was 14,929 at the 2000 census. The population of 3,008 living in the unincorporated portions of the township in 2000 is comparable to the 2010 entire township population.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Henderson County, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Henderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 46,250. The county seat is Henderson. The county was formed in 1798 and named for Colonel Richard Henderson who purchased 17,000,000 acre of land from the Cherokee Indians, part of which would eventually make up the county.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Biloxi, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Biloxi ( ) is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States. The 2010 United States Census recorded the population as 44,054, and in 2016 the estimated population was 45,975. Along with the adjoining city of Gulfport, Biloxi is a county seat of Harrison County.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jasper County Community Unit School District 1", "paragraph_text": "Jasper County Community Unit School District 1 is a unified school district based in Jasper County's county seat of Newton, Illinois; it is the only school district in the county and is, consequently, the main educational body in all of Jasper County, although it serves portions of Effingham County and Cumberland County as well. This school district is composed of six schools in total; four elementary schools, one junior high school, and one high school. There is also a prekindergarten program run at the high school of the district should parents wish to enroll their children early. Willow Hill Elementary School, which is located in the village of its namesake, serves only kindergarteners; its proximity to the county seat and central position in the county allows its students to dawn from all parts of the county and still have easy access to the elementary school they will attend. The principal of Willow Hill is Dave Parker. Grove Elementary School is located in Island Grove, Illinois, the highest point of elevation in the county. Grove Elementary School educates students from kindergarten to grade six, and it runs a prekindergarten program as well. Craig Carr is the principal of this school. Ste. Marie Elementary School is located in the southern Jasper County village of Ste. Marie, and serves students in grades one through six. The principal of Ste. Marie is David Parker, the principal of Willow Hill Elementary School. Newton Elementary School is located in the county seat of Newton, and serves most of west Jasper County's first through sixth graders under principal Travis Wyatt. The latter three elementary schools feed into Jasper County Junior High School and are taught in the facility during seventh and eighth grade while being supervised by Newton Elementary School principal Travis Wyatt before graduating into Newton Community High School. Students in grades nine through twelve spend their last leg of precollegiate education at this school; their principal is Ruth Kerner. The district superintendent is Ron Alburtus, and the district's mascot is the eagle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Paulding, Mississippi", "paragraph_text": "Paulding is an unincorporated community in and one of the two county seats of Jasper County, Mississippi. It is the only unincorporated county seat in Mississippi. Settled in 1833, it was named by United States settlers in honor of Revolutionary War hero John Paulding. After its citizens refused to contribute to a new railroad, the community was bypassed in favor of Bay Springs, Mississippi, which was designated a railroad stop to the west and the second county seat. It attracted more development and industry.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7a954855429941d65f26cd", "question_text": "What album did John Lennon release before the one that contained the song \"How?\"", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band", "John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970)"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lennon Legend: The Very Best of John Lennon", "paragraph_text": "Lennon Legend: The Very Best of John Lennon is the third official compilation album of John Lennon's solo career, coming after 1975's \"Shaved Fish\" and 1982's \"The John Lennon Collection\". Because neither collection spanned Lennon's releases up to and including 1984's \"Milk and Honey\", \"Lennon Legend: The Very Best of John Lennon\" \u2013 considered the definitive Lennon retrospective \u2013 was compiled to rectify the situation. It was released in the UK in 1997 through Parlophone and early 1998 in the US by EMI Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Instant Karma: All-Time Greatest Hits", "paragraph_text": "Instant Karma: All-Time Greatest Hits, a three-disc compilation album of music recorded by John Lennon, is a budget release targeted for sale at warehouse-type stores such as Sam's Club and Costco. The album was released in 2002 by Timeless/Traditions Alive Music under license from Capitol/EMI Special Projects. Disc one, subtitled \"The Hits\", contained eleven songs that were previously released on singles. Disc two, subtitled \"Sings Classic Rock 'N' Roll\", contained ten cover songs recorded during Lennon's \"Rock 'n' Roll\" sessions as well as \"Blue Suede Shoes\" and \"Dizzy, Miss Lizzy,\" which were recorded live in Toronto in 1969. Disc three, subtitled \"The Classics Live\", contained twelve songs recorded live in New York City either in August 1972 with Elephant's Memory at Madison Square Garden or, in the case of \"Well (Baby Please Don't Go),\" with Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention at the Fillmore East in June 1971. All thirty-five songs on the album had been previously released.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "I'm Losing You (John Lennon song)", "paragraph_text": "\"I'm Losing You\" is a song written by John Lennon and released on his 1980 album \"Double Fantasy\". It was completed in Bermuda in June 1980, after Lennon failed at an attempted telephone call to Yoko Ono. The song is also available on the 1982 compilation \"The John Lennon Collection\", the 1998 boxset \"John Lennon Anthology\", the one disc compilation \"Wonsaponatime\", the 2005 two disc compilation \"\" and in 2010 for the \"Gimme Some Truth\" album. The song was also featured in the 2005 musical \"Lennon\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "How? (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"How?\" is a song from John Lennon's second solo album \"Imagine\", released in 1971. It is a contemplative song inspired by the Primal Therapy he was undergoing with his wife Yoko Ono, during which he faced many personal questions such as \"How can I go forward when I don't know which way I'm facing?\" This song also shows his thoughts about the world in general (such as \"And the World is so tough; Sometimes I feel I've had enough\").", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Isolation (John Lennon song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Isolation\" is a 1970 song appearing on John Lennon's first official solo album release, \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\". It ends side one of the album, and is the fifth track. In the Philippines Apple Records released \"Isolation\" as the b-side to \"Mother\", the single off \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\", in contrast to most countries where the b-side was Yoko Ono's \"Why.\" It was also released on an EP in Mexico along with \"Mother,\" \"Look at Me'\" and \"My Mummy's Dead.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Rock 'n' Roll (John Lennon album)", "paragraph_text": "Rock 'n' Roll is the sixth studio album by John Lennon. Released in 1975, it is an album of late 1950s and early 1960s songs as covered by Lennon. Recording the album was problematic and spanned an entire year: Phil Spector produced sessions in October 1973 at A&M Studios, and Lennon produced sessions in October 1974 at Record Plant Studios (East). Lennon was being sued by Morris Levy over copyright infringement of one line in his song \"Come Together\". As part of an agreement, Lennon had to include three Levy-owned songs on \"Rock 'n' Roll\". Spector disappeared with the session recordings and was subsequently involved in a motor accident, leaving the album's tracks unrecoverable until the beginning of the \"Walls and Bridges\" sessions. With \"Walls and Bridges\" coming out first, featuring one Levy-owned song, Levy sued Lennon expecting to see Lennon's \"Rock 'n' Roll\" album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Life Begins at 40 (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Life Begins at 40\" is a song by John Lennon. It was written in 1980, the year that both Lennon and Ringo Starr turned 40 years of age. Lennon recorded a demo of the song at his home, but it was not recorded at any of the sessions for his comeback album, \"Double Fantasy.\" Instead, he intended to give the song to Starr to record on his own forthcoming album, \"Can't Fight Lightning.\" The song's amiable country feel was well suited to Starr's singing style. After Lennon's murder in December 1980, those plans were shelved. However, Lennon's demo was eventually issued in 1998 on the \"John Lennon Anthology\" box set.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Milk and Honey (album)", "paragraph_text": "Milk and Honey is an album by John Lennon and Yoko Ono released in 1984. Following the compilation \"The John Lennon Collection\", it is Lennon's eighth and final studio album, and the first posthumous release of new Lennon music, having been recorded in the last months of his life during and following the sessions for their 1980 album \"Double Fantasy\". It was assembled by Yoko Ono in association with the Geffen label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Imagine (John Lennon album)", "paragraph_text": "Imagine is the second studio album by John Lennon. Recorded and released in 1971, the album is more heavily produced in contrast to the basic, raw arrangements of his previous album, the critically acclaimed \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hold On (John Lennon song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Hold On\" is a song from the album \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" by John Lennon. It features only vocals, tremolo guitar, drums, and bass guitar, typical of the sparse arrangements Lennon favoured at the time. On the 2000 reissue of \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\", \"Hold On\" features a slightly longer introduction. The original version was restored on the 2010 reissue.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8a6b625542996c9b8d5ed9", "question_text": "In which town was the amusement park that is operated by Britannia Jinky Jersey Ltd located where the first  Tomorrow's Parties Festival was held?.", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Camber Sands"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Pontins", "paragraph_text": "Pontins is the trading name of Britannia Jinky Jersey Ltd, a company operating holiday parks in the UK. The original Pontins company was founded in 1946 by Fred Pontin.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park", "paragraph_text": "LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park was an amusement park located in Middletown, Ohio. Opening in 1922 as a family picnic and campground, LeSourdsville Lake transformed in the 1940s to an amusement park with rides, attractions, and an arcade. In 1977, the name was changed to Americana Amusement Park. Following an electrical fire in 1990 that caused over $5 million in damages, the park fell into decline and was eventually closed in 1999. Under new ownership, the park briefly opened again in 2002 returning to the name \"LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park\", but after failed attempts to turn a profit and the operating company going bankrupt, it closed permanently near the end of the 2002 season. The park's remaining rides and attractions were either demolished or sold, or still sit today.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Wonderland City", "paragraph_text": "Wonderland City was an amusement park located at Tamarama, on Wonderland Avenue near the point at which it joins Fletcher Street, in Sydney, Australia. It opened on Saturday, 1 December 1906 and closed in 1911. At the time it was the largest open air amusement park in the southern hemisphere. The 20 acre amusement park was operated by theatrical entrepreneur William Anderson. During its operation the colossal playground had a balloon could go up to about 3,800 feet (1158.24 meters) high. An enormous switchback railway and around the clifftop, a steam-driven miniature railway operated over about two miles (3.218688 km) of track. A large wooden bridge build over an artificial lake, the Alpine Slide would take you to \"Rivers of the World\", Seal Pond. An open air Roller Skating Ring, American Shooting Gallery. It was operated by electric light powered by its own steam plant, and the whole area was covered with thousands of gaily coloured lamps and described as a Fairy City. The first Surf \"Gymkhana\" Carnivals was held at Wonderland City (Tamarama Beach) organised by Bondi SBLSC on Saturday 11 February 1908. was dogged by controversy for its attempts using high barbed-wire fence blocked access completely to local swimmers from Tamarama Beach. Before being occupied by the amusement park, Tamarama Park was the site of The Royal Aquarium and Pleasure Grounds, commonly called the Bondi Aquarium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Palisades Amusement Park", "paragraph_text": "Palisades Amusement Park was a 30-acre amusement park located in Bergen County, New Jersey, across the Hudson River from New York City. It was located atop the New Jersey Palisades lying partly in Cliffside Park and partly in Fort Lee. The park operated from 1898 until 1971, remaining one of the most visited amusement parks in the country until the end of its existence. After the park closed in 1971, a high-rise luxury apartment complex was built on its site.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "All Tomorrow's Parties (festival)", "paragraph_text": "All Tomorrow's Parties was an organisation based in London that promoted music festivals, concerts and records throughout the world for over ten years. It was founded by Barry Hogan, in 2001 in preparation for the first All Tomorrow's Parties Festival, the line-up of which was curated by Mogwai and took place at Pontins, Camber Sands, England. Named after the song \"All Tomorrow's Parties\" by The Velvet Underground, the festival exhibited a tendency towards post-rock, avant-garde, and underground hip hop, along with more traditional rock fare presented in an environment more intimate than a giant stadium or huge country field. It was at first a sponsorship-free festival where the organisers and artists stay in the same accommodation as the fans. It claimed to set itself apart from festivals like Reading or Glastonbury by staying intimate, non-corporate and fan-friendly. Another vital difference is that the line-ups are chosen by significant bands or artists, resulting in unorthodox events which often combine acts of all sizes, eras, and genres.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Major Stars", "paragraph_text": "Major Stars is a critically acclaimed American psychedelic rock band from greater Boston, Massachusetts. Their first live performance was in 1997 at the inaugural Terrastock Festival in Providence, Rhode Island. They toured Japan in 2000 with Overhang Party. In 2002, they toured with Acid Mothers Temple as an opening act and performed at the South by Southwest Festival in Austin, Texas. In December 2006 they performed at the Thurston Moore curated All Tomorrow's Parties festival in the UK.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Family entertainment center", "paragraph_text": "A family entertainment center (or centre), often abbreviated FEC in the entertainment industry, (also known as indoor amusement park or indoor theme park) is a small amusement park marketed towards families with small children to teenagers, and often entirely indoors or associated with a larger operation such as a theme park. They usually cater to \"sub-regional markets of larger metropolitan areas.\" FECs are generally small compared to full-scale amusement parks, with fewer attractions, a lower per-person per-hour cost to consumers than a traditional amusement park, and not usually major tourist attractions, but sustained by an area customer base. Many are locally owned and operated, although there are a number of chains and franchises in the field. FECs are sometimes called family amusement centers, play zones, family fun centers, or simply fun centers. Some non-traditional FECs, called urban entertainment centers (UECs), with more customized and branded attractions and retail outlets, are associated with major entertainment companies and may be tourist destinations. Others, sometimes operated by Non-Profit organizations as Children's Museums or Science Centers, tend to be geared toward edutainment experiences rather than simply amusement. FECs may also be adjuncts to full-scale amusement parks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Lake Compounce", "paragraph_text": "Lake Compounce is an amusement park located in Bristol and Southington, Connecticut; the lake itself lies completely in Southington. Opened in 1846, it is the oldest continuously-operating amusement park in the United States. The amusement park covers 332 acres (1.3\u00a0km\u00b2) of land, and also has a beach and a waterpark which can be used by guests for no extra charge. The park was acquired from Kennywood Entertainment Company by Palace Entertainment, the U.S. subsidiary of Parques Reunidos. In addition to the title for oldest consecutively run amusement park in the United States, it also has 14th oldest wooden roller coaster in the world, Wildcat. Its other, newer wooden roller coaster, Boulder Dash, has won the Golden Ticket Award for the #1 Wooden Coaster in the World for 5 years, and held that record from 2013 to 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Yokohama Dreamland", "paragraph_text": "Yokohama Dreamland was an amusement park that operated in Totsuka, Yokohama, Japan from 1964 to 2002. When opened on August 1, 1964, it was Japan's first major amusement park, with a total area of 1320000 m2 . The management company, , was acquired by the supermarket chain Daiei in 1993, and the amusement park closed permanently on February 17, 2002, due to financial issues. At the time of its closing, the amusement park was downsized to 145776 m2 .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Wildwood Amusement Park", "paragraph_text": "Wildwood was an amusement park and picnic grounds that existed from 1889 through 1932 on the southeast shore of White Bear Lake in Mahtomedi, Minnesota. The park was built and operated by the Minneapolis and St. Paul Suburban Railroad Company, a subdivision of the Twin City Rapid Transit Company, which ran a streetcar line from Mahtomedi to nearby St. Paul. It was the sister park of Big Island Amusement Park on Lake Minnetonka, as both were intended to draw crowds of people to opposite ends of the Minneapolis-St. Paul streetcar system on weekends. Wildwood Amusement Park proved to be more successful than Big Island Amusement Park, which closed in 1911, and lasted until 1932 when financial losses brought about its demise.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8e60ca5542995a26add4d9", "question_text": "In which movie the Stephanie Kay Panabaker was alongside with her elder sister Danielle Nicole Panabaker?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["\"Read It and Weep\" (2006)"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Custody (2007 film)", "paragraph_text": "Custody is a 2007 Lifetime television movie, starring Rob Morrow, James Denton, and Kay Panabaker about a widower's fight for custody of the daughter he raised and legally adopted, when her birth father who abandoned her returns. Aired on September 8, 2007. It was filmed in and around Ottawa on locations such as the University of Ottawa, Rideau Canal, and Le Chateau Montebello. It was based on the book \"Figures of Echo\", by Mary S. Herczog.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Moondance Alexander", "paragraph_text": "Moondance Alexander is a comedy-drama film directed by Michael Damian and written by Janeen Damian. The film was released in North America in October, 2007. The story is shot on location in Okotoks, High River and Calgary, Alberta, Canada and is based on actual events from the life of Janeen Damian. It stars former Summerland (TV series) co-stars Kay Panabaker as Moondance Alexander and Lori Loughlin as Gelsey Alexander. The movie co-stars Don Johnson and Olympic-skating silver medalist Sasha Cohen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Life Is Ruff", "paragraph_text": "Life Is Ruff is a 2005 Disney Channel Original Movie starring Kyle Massey, Mitchel Musso, and Kay Panabaker.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kay Panabaker", "paragraph_text": "Stephanie Kay Panabaker (born May 2, 1990) is an American actress, voice actress, and zookeeper. She is best known for her roles as Jenny Garison in the 2009 reboot of \"Fame\", Debbie Berwick on \"Phil of the Future\" and Nikki Westerly on \"Summerland\". She is the younger sister of Danielle Panabaker.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 3: Viva la Fiesta!", "paragraph_text": "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 3: Viva la Fiesta! is a 2012 American direct-to-DVD comedy film directed by Lev L. Spiro. It is the third and final installment of the \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\" series, and stars George Lopez, Odette Annable and Logan Grove. The film focuses on Papi, Chloe and the puppies moving to a hotel. Pedro finds love when he falls head over heels for Charlotte. The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on September 18, 2012 in a two-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack. Zachary Gordon and Chantily Spalan did not reprise their roles as Papi, Jr. and Rosa. This was Kay Panabaker's final film before she retired to become a zoologist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nancy Drew (2007 film)", "paragraph_text": "Nancy Drew is a 2007 American mystery comedy film loosely based on the popular series of mystery novels about the titular teen detective. It stars Emma Roberts as Nancy Drew, Max Thieriot as Ned, Kay Panabaker as George, and Amy Bruckner as Bess Marvin. Set in Los Angeles, it was directed by Andrew Fleming.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Danielle Nicole", "paragraph_text": "Danielle Nicole was previously in the band Trampled Under Foot with her brothers Kris and Nick Schnebelen. At the 2014 Blues Music Awards, Trampled Under Foot's album, \"Badlands\", won the 'Contemporary Blues Album of the Year' category. At the same ceremony, Danielle Nicole, under the name of Danielle Schnebelen, triumphed in the 'Best Instrumentalist \u2013 Bass' category. The band was also nominated in the 'Band of the Year' category.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Danielle Panabaker", "paragraph_text": "Danielle Nicole Panabaker (born September 19, 1987) is an American actress. She began acting as a teenager and first came to prominence for her roles in the Disney films \"Stuck in the Suburbs\" (2004), \"Sky High\" (2005) and \"Read It and Weep\" (2006), the latter alongside her younger sister Kay Panabaker, and in the HBO miniseries \"Empire Falls\" (2005).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Little Birds (film)", "paragraph_text": "Little Birds is a 2011 American film written and directed by Elgin James, and starring Juno Temple and Kay Panabaker. The film follows two girls that leave home to follow two skateboarders to Los Angeles and is loosely based on the life of director Elgin James. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival, with Millennium Entertainment acquiring the North American rights to the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Read It and Weep", "paragraph_text": "Read It and Weep is a 2006 Disney Channel Original Movie which premiered on July 21, 2006. It is based on the novel \"How My Private, Personal Journal Became A Bestseller\" by Julia DeVillers. Sisters Kay and Danielle Panabaker star as Jamie Bartlett and her alter ego Isabella (Iz or Is), respectively. Both sisters have starred in previous Disney Channel films: Kay in \"Life Is Ruff\" (2005), and Danielle in \"Stuck in the Suburbs\" (2004), like \"Read It and Weep\", those films also premiered in July in their respective years.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae057fd55429945ae959328", "question_text": " Robert Smith founded the multinational company headquartered in what city?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Golden Valley, Minnesota,"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Henkel", "paragraph_text": "Henkel AG & Company, KGaA, is a German chemical and consumer goods company headquartered in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. It is a multinational company active both in the consumer and industrial sector. Founded in 1876, the DAX 30 company is organized into three globally operating business units (laundry & home care, beauty care, adhesive technologies) and is known for brands such as Loctite, Persil, and Fa amongst others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Namsung electronics", "paragraph_text": "Namsung (Hangul:\u00a0 ; ] ) is a South Korean multinational company headquartered in Seoul. Namsung was founded by Yoon Bong-Soo in 1965 as an OEM electronics manufacturing company. Namsung's subsidiaries include Namsung Telecom, Nasco, Dreamer, Namsung International, and Namsung America.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Stevanato Group", "paragraph_text": "Stevanato Group is an Italian multinational company headquartered in Piombino Dese, Padua \u2013 Italy. Founded in 1949, It is committed to create systems, processes and services that guarantee the integrity of parenteral medicines.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "General Mills", "paragraph_text": "General Mills, Inc., is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of branded consumer foods sold through retail stores. It is headquartered in Golden Valley, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. The company markets many well-known North American brands, including Annie's Homegrown, Betty Crocker, Yoplait, Colombo, Totino's, Pillsbury, Old El Paso, H\u00e4agen-Dazs, Cheerios, Trix, Cocoa Puffs, and Lucky Charms. Its brand portfolio includes more than 89 other leading U.S. brands and numerous category leaders around the world.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "RetailMeNot", "paragraph_text": "RetailMeNot, Inc. (formerly Whaleshark Media) is an American multinational company headquartered in Austin, that maintains a collection of coupon web sites. The company was founded by Cotter Cunningham. The company owns RetailMeNot.com and VoucherCodes.co.uk, the largest coupon sites in the US and UK, respectively, and acquires coupon sites and third-party software.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Teleperformance", "paragraph_text": "Teleperformance is a multinational company headquartered in France. The company specializes in outsourced omnichannel customer experience management, also known as Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). The company provides customer acquisition, customer care, technical support, debt collection, social media, and other services around the world. Teleperformance has 217,000 employees across 340 contact centers in 74 countries and serves over 160 markets. Countries in which Teleperformance operates include France, the United Kingdom, Albania, Brazil, Chile, India, Philippines, Guyana,China, Canada, Mexico, Colombia, Norway, Italy, Greece, Portugal, the United States, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Australia, the Netherlands, Suriname, Egypt, Russia, Sweden, Germany and Poland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Corey Smith (artist)", "paragraph_text": "Corey Smith (born October 3, 1977) is a contemporary American painter, sculptor, photographer, professional snowboarder, and snowboard designer. Smith was the art director at COMUNE, curator and founder of their Drop City artist collective (which he is no longer a part of), and a contributing artist for CAPiTA Snowboards. In addition, Smith founded the snowboard company Spring Break Snowboards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Robert Smith (Illinois politician)", "paragraph_text": "Robert Smith (June 12, 1802 \u2013 December 21, 1867) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois, nephew of Jeremiah Smith and Samuel Smith of New Hampshire. Smith founded General Mills in 1856.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hyrum W. Smith", "paragraph_text": "Hyrum W. Smith founded the Franklin Quest Company in 1981. Among the company's other products, Smith created the Franklin Planner and seminars on productivity development based on the \"belief window\" and other concepts. In 1997, Franklin Quest merged with Stephen R. Covey's Covey Leadership Center to form Franklin Covey. Smith is author of \"10 Natural Laws of Successful Time and Life Management\" (1994) and \"What Matters Most\" (2001) as well as other audio tapes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Equinix", "paragraph_text": "Equinix, Inc. is an American multinational company headquartered in Redwood City, California, that specializes in enabling global interconnection between organizations and their employees, customers, partners, data and clouds. The company is the leading global colocation data center provider by market share, and it operates 175+ data centers in 44 major metropolitan areas in 22 countries on five continents.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abcffc2554299700f9d7951", "question_text": "What is the name of the company in Independent Hill, Virginia that is also headquartered in Houston Texas?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Citgo"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Francisco Icaza", "paragraph_text": "Francisco Icaza (5 October 1930 \u2013 3 May 2014) was a Mexican artist best known for his drawings about his traveling chronics, and his oil paintings. He spent much of his life living and visiting various countries in the world. He began painting as a child at the refugee against the bombs in the Mexican embassy in Germany during the rise of nazism, he painted as a posture against the war. Icaza exhibited his work both in Mexico and abroad in Europe, South America, Middle East, Asia and India, standing out his three major individual exhibitions at the Museo de Arte Moderno at M\u00e9xico city. He also painted a mural dedicated to Bertolt Brecht: La Far\u00e1ndula, at the Casino de la Selva in Cuernavaca, a focus of controversy when the work was moved and restored in the early 2000s. He painted other murals for the Mexican Pavilion at Hemisfair in Houston Texas: Urban Flowers, for the Mexican Pavilion at Montreal Canada: Canto al Barroco Maya; and, for the Pavilion of M\u00e9xico in Osaka: Repressive Computers, this mural is protected at the Abstract Museum Manuel Felguerez in Zacatecas, Zacatecas, and is part of the other murals of Osaka considered as a human patrimony. He was an active member of the Sal\u00f3n de la Pl\u00e1stica Mexicana, and also member and founder of the important artistic movements : Interiorists, Independent Saloon, and Confrontation 66.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Virginia State Route 234", "paragraph_text": "State Route 234 (SR 234) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. It runs from U.S. Route 1 near Dumfries via Independent Hill, a bypass of Manassas, and Catharpin to U.S. Route 15 near Woolsey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Virginia State Route 619 (Prince William County)", "paragraph_text": "State Route 619 is a secondary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia, and traverses Prince William County. SR 619 provides a cross-county connector as well as a major artery for commuters. SR 619 is known by four names: Linton Hall Road, Bristow Road, Joplin Road, and Fuller Heights Road. There are also two short concurrencies: one with SR 234 Old in Independent Hill, and one with Fuller Military Road on the border of Marine Corps Base Quantico.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Citgo", "paragraph_text": "Citgo Petroleum Corporation (or Citgo) is a Venezuelan-owned American refiner, transporter and marketer of transportation fuels, lubricants, petrochemicals and other industrial products. The company has its American headquarters in the Energy Corridor area of Houston, Texas.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "William Smoot", "paragraph_text": "Elder William M. Smoot William M. Smoot (about 1848-1938) was a resident of Occoquan, Virginia and for many years was a leading Predestinarian Old School Primitive Baptist preacher in Prince William County. He was the preacher of Occoquan (also known as Bacon Race to those outside the membership of those associated with Elder Smoot) and Quantico Baptist churches from 1888 to 1938. A GOD-called preacher of the original faith and order of the Baptists in America, Elder Smoot, whose followers were known locally as \"Smootites,\" engaged in a heated rivalry over doctrine and practice as set forth in the Bible(KJV) with the reverend Thomas D.D. Clark, whose Union Baptist Church was located across the road from the Quantico Baptist Church in the village of Independent Hill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Houston Boychoir", "paragraph_text": "The Houston Boychoir is a nonprofit, independent vocal training and music education organization in Greater Houston Texas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dominic Walsh Dance Theater", "paragraph_text": "Dominic Walsh Dance Theater (DWDT) is a contemporary dance company based in Houston Texas. Started by artistic director and former principal dancer for the Houston Ballet, Dominic Walsh, DWDT ranges from progressive to classical choreography.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Houston Dynamos", "paragraph_text": "Houston Dynamos was a U.S. soccer team that existed in various forms from 1983 to 1991. In 1991, the team\u2019s owners changed the name to Houston International, but the team lasted only through the 1992 season before folding. The Dynamos were founded by Pete Kane and John M Gaughan. The Dynamos were founded with the intention of a continued building of the sport of soccer in Houston Texas. The Dynamos were the first team to give contracts to its players based on an entire year not on a season. The Houston Dynamos players year round went to parks, schools and events promoting the sport of soccer. In 1985 the Dynamos brought Pele to Houston creating great interest in the sport and spreading goodwill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Independent Hill, Virginia", "paragraph_text": "Independent Hill is an unincorporated town in Prince William County, Virginia. It is located along State Route 234 at the intersection with Joplin Road. The only visible remaining businesses seem to be Samsky's Market (also a Citgo gas station) and Crosby's Crab Company. In early 2006, a realignment of 234 bypassed the town, leaving it on a side road. The greater Independent Hill area is defined by the Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP), with a population of 7,419 as of 2010.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "KHB36", "paragraph_text": "KHB36 (sometimes referred to as Manassas All Hazards) is a NOAA Weather Radio station broadcasting at 162.55 megahertz and transmitting from Independent Hill in central Prince William County, Virginia. It covers most of northern Virginia, Washington, D.C., and southern Maryland. It is programmed from the National Weather Service forecast office in Sterling, Virginia. The signal reliably covers the Virginia counties of Prince William, Fairfax, Arlington, Loudoun, Fauquier, Rappahannock, Culpeper, Spotsylvania, Caroline, King George, and Stafford. Reception is also possible in the Maryland counties of Montgomery, Prince George's, and Charles County, Maryland. Additionally, reception is possible but unreliable in the Virginia counties of Clarke, Frederick, Orange, Louisa, Hanover, Essex, Richmond (no relation to the capital city of the state, which is not covered), and Northumberland, plus Calvert County, Maryland and Anne Arundel County, Maryland.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a806aca5542996402f6a503", "question_text": "Which characters are akin to goblins and were added to a Tilted Mill Entertainment video game in 2009?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Orc characters"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "City Building (series)", "paragraph_text": "The \"City Building\" series is the collective name of a series of historical city-building games for personal computers developed by Impressions Games, BreakAway Games, Tilted Mill Entertainment (following Impressions' demise), and published by Sierra Entertainment. The series began in 1992 with \"Caesar\", set in the Roman Empire, and so far consists of twelve games, including expansion packs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Orc", "paragraph_text": "An orc (also spelled as ork) is a fictional humanoid creature that is part of a fantasy race akin to goblins.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mosby's Confederacy (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Mosby's Confederacy is a 2008 turn based strategy and real time tactics video game by Tilted Mill Entertainment.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Caesar IV", "paragraph_text": "Caesar IV is a city-building game set in ancient Rome, developed by Tilted Mill Entertainment. The game was released on September 26, 2006 in North America. The game features a three-dimensional game engine and individual modeling of game character behaviors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Keith Zizza", "paragraph_text": "Keith Zizza is a video game soundtrack composer. He has worked as a composer and audio director for companies such as Electronic Arts, Impressions Games, Sierra Entertainment and Tilted Mill Entertainment. His discography includes more than 25 AAA game titles. In April 2008 Zizza released his debut solo album, \"Memories of a Forgotten Age\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Medieval Mayor", "paragraph_text": "Medieval Mayor is a city-building game set in the Middle Ages under development by Tilted Mill Entertainment. It is currently stuck however in development hell.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hinterland (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Hinterland is a high fantasy role-playing video game with city-building elements by Tilted Mill Entertainment. It was released on September 30, 2008 on the Steam content delivery system, and has since been made available at other digital distribution websites. Hinterland: Orc Lords, a cumulative expansion, was released to digital distribution and retail in March 2009. As the title suggests, the primary addition to the game was the ability to play as Orc characters.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tilted Mill Entertainment", "paragraph_text": "Tilted Mill Entertainment is a video game developer located in Framingham, Massachusetts. It was founded in 2001 by former Impressions Games lead designer and general manager Chris Beatrice, business manager Peter Haffenreffer, and designer Jeff Fiske.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Immortal Cities: Children of the Nile", "paragraph_text": "Immortal Cities: Children of the Nile is a city-building game set in ancient Egypt, developed by Tilted Mill Entertainment. The game was released November 2004 in the United States and February 2005 in Europe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "SimCity Societies", "paragraph_text": "SimCity Societies is a city-building simulation computer game developed by Tilted Mill Entertainment and published by Electronic Arts (EA), and is part of the \"Sim\" games series. The gameplay is significantly different from previous \"SimCity\" titles, with a greater focus on social development. \"SimCity Societies\" was released on November 13, 2007 and received mixed reviews, with praise for the game's improved accessibility and visuals, but criticism for being oversimplified and having poor performance.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae09ea05542993d6555ebc1", "question_text": "The Bachelor was based on what novel written by an Austrian author?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["\"Dr. Gr\u00e4sler, Badearzt\""]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bambi's Children", "paragraph_text": "Bambi's Children: The Story of a Forest Family (German: Bambis Kinder: Eine Familie im Walde ) is a novel written by Austrian author Felix Salten as a sequel to his successful work \"Bambi, A Life in the Woods\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Airship (ballad)", "paragraph_text": "\u00abAirship. From Zedlitz\u00bb (\"\u00abOn the blue waves of the ocean ...\" \u00bb) (Russian: \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0301\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0431\u043b\u044c. \u0418\u0437 \u0426\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u00bb (\u00ab\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0430\u2026\u00bb) ) is a ballad from the Napoleonic cycle Lermontov's poems, written and published in 1840. It is a free translation from the German language Austrian romantic writings of Joseph Christian Freiherr von Zedlitz, titled \"Das Geisterschiff\" (\"ghost ship\", 1832). The individual fragments Russian poem was influenced by another ballad of the same Austrian author - \"Night parade\" (Die n\u00e4chtliche Heerschau; 1827), published in Russian in 1836 in translation by Zhukovsky.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ernst Weiss", "paragraph_text": "Dr Ernst Weiss (German: Wei\u00df, August 28, 1882 \u2013 June 15, 1940) was a German-speaking Austrian author of Jewish descent. He is the author of \"\" (The Eyewitness), a novel dealing with the Hitler period.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Anna Gmeyner", "paragraph_text": "Anna Wilhelmine Gmeyner (16 March 1902 \u2013 3 January 1991) was an exiled German and Austrian author, playwright and scriptwriter, who is now best known for her novel \"Manja\" (1939). She also wrote under the names Anna Reiner, and Anna Morduch. Her daughter was the children's writer Eva Ibbotson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Bone Man", "paragraph_text": "The Bone Man (German: Der Knochenmann) is a 2009 Austrian film directed by Wolfgang Murnberger. The script is based on the novel \"Der Knochenmann\" by Austrian author Wolf Haas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Bachelor (1990 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Bachelor (also known as Mio caro dottor Gr\u00e4sler ) is a 1990 drama film directed by Roberto Faenza and starring Keith Carradine, Miranda Richardson and Kristin Scott Thomas. It is set in the Austro-Hungarian Empire before the First World War. Doctor Emil Gr\u00e4sler, a distinguished physician, is forced to choose between two women he loves. It is based on the novel \"Dr. Gr\u00e4sler, Badearzt\" by Arthur Schnitzler.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Eva Menasse", "paragraph_text": "Eva Menasse (born May 11, 1970 in Vienna) is an Austrian author and journalist. She has studied history and German literature. Menasse had a successful career as a journalist, writing for the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in Frankfurt and as a correspondent from Prague and Berlin. She left the paper to write her first novel, \"Vienna\", and now lives and works in Berlin as a freelance author.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Trotta (film)", "paragraph_text": "Trotta is a 1971 West German film directed by Johannes Schaaf. It is based on the 1938 novel \"Die Kapuzinergruft\" (\"The Emperor's Tomb\") by Austrian author Joseph Roth. It was chosen as West Germany's official submission to the 45th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not manage to receive a nomination. It was also entered into the 1972 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Arthur Schnitzler", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Schnitzler (15 May 1862 \u2013 21 October 1931) was an Austrian author and dramatist.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Robber", "paragraph_text": "The Robber (German: Der R\u00e4uber ) is a 2010 drama film directed by Benjamin Heisenberg. The film is based on a novel by the Austrian author Martin Prinz, and was shot on location in Vienna. The main character, Johann Rettenberger, is based on Austrian bank-robber and runner Johann Kastenberger. The film was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab1f494554299706120959c", "question_text": "Which industrialist established a museum in Heckscher Park that features \"First Friday\" concerts?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["August Heckscher"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Railroad Square", "paragraph_text": "Railroad Square Art Park is an arts, culture and entertainment district of Tallahassee, Florida, located off Railroad Avenue (just south of the Amtrak station and FAMU), filled with a variety of metal art sculptures and stores selling artwork and collectibles. Railroad Square is mainly known for its small locally owned shops and working artist studios, and its alternative art scene. It is also known as home to the second location of Tallahassee's long-serving local business staple Black Dog Cafe. On the first Friday of every month, Railroad Square is home to a free gallery hop known as First Friday from 6pm-9pm, where a diverse group of upwards of 5000-7000+ Tallahasseeans of all ages come to meet their friends and experience art.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "City Market (Raleigh, North Carolina)", "paragraph_text": "City Market in Raleigh is a market located in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. It was founded in October, 1914. It became known as a historic place when Raleigh City Council secured a grant from the North Carolina Division of Archives & History to study the architectural resources surrounding Moore Square, in 1980. It is one of the major tourist attractions in Raleigh. In early May, 2008, the market was the location of an art project unveiling by the Visual Art Exchange. The market hosts a monthly festival, called \"First Friday\", on the first Friday of every month.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Whit Friday", "paragraph_text": "Whit Friday, meaning White Friday, is the name given to the first Friday after Pentecost or Whitsun (White Sunday).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gallery 5", "paragraph_text": "Gallery5 is an arts center, museum, gallery, venue, and community space in Richmond, VA. It is located at 200 West Marshall Street in Richmond, VA, in the historic Jackson Ward neighborhood. Gallery5 is housed in the original building of Steamer Company Number 5, which is the oldest firehouse in Virginia, dating back to 1867. This historic building has seen many incarnations; in addition to the original fire station the building has also served as a police station, a Fire and Police Museum, and a hot dog emporium. The gallery is a cornerstone participant in Richmond's monthly First Friday Art Walk, which takes place on the first Friday of every month and draws artists and art-enthusiasts in throngs to Downtown Richmond.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Heckscher Park (Huntington, New York)", "paragraph_text": "Heckscher Park is a local park and national historic district in Huntington, Suffolk County, New York. It is bounded by Madison Street, Sabbath Day Path, Main Street, and Prime Avenue. The park is roughly triangular-shaped with a large pond on northwest corner, and contains the Heckscher Museum of Art established by industrialist August Heckscher, as well as the Chapin Rainbow Theater. It hosts annual art festivals, tulip festivals, concerts, renaissance fairs, and the Huntington Summer Arts Festival. Heckscher Park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Howard Sloane", "paragraph_text": "Howard G. (Peter) Sloane (born December, 1950) is an American philanthropist and the Chairman and CEO of The Heckscher Foundation for Children, a New York-based private foundation established in 1921 by German-born industrialist, financier, and philanthropist August Heckscher.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "First Friday (public event)", "paragraph_text": "\"First Friday\" is a name for various public events in some cities (particularly in the United States) that occur on the first Friday of every month.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Heckscher Museum of Art", "paragraph_text": "The Heckscher Museum of Art is located in scenic Heckscher Park, in Huntington, New York, within walking distance of downtown shops and award-winning restaurants. The Museum provides a dynamic schedule of changing exhibitions on American art. Additionally, public programs for adults, families, and children, include \"First Friday\" concert series, gallery talks, festivals and workshops.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "NBA Friday", "paragraph_text": "NBA Friday is a weekly presentation of National Basketball Association games on ESPN. Formerly known as \"NBA Friday Coast to Coast\" during doubleheader nights, the program starts the first Friday of the NBA season, and typically runs uninterrupted throughout the entire season. In 2006, \"NBA Friday\" was preempted from March 10 to March 31, due to ESPN deciding against counter programming the NCAA Tournament. Nearly all \"NBA Friday\" telecasts consist of a doubleheader, with one game typically from the east coast at 8:00 p.m and the west coast at 10:30\u00a0p.m.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Heritage Acres Farm Museum", "paragraph_text": "The Heritage Acres Farm Museum is an open-air museum in southern Alberta, Canada. In particular it showcases antique machinery and vintage cars. Buildings from surrounding communities have been moved to the historic site and restored to various years within the twentieth century including a historic prairie grain elevator and many different forms of farm machinery and equipment from the 1900s to 1960s. As well the \"Crystal Village\" a miniature village of various buildings made completely from telephone insulators made by a local rancher. Heritage Acres Farm Museumhosts annual events including a garage sale in May, Chuckwagon cookoff and horse show in June, Annual show with many farming demonstrations August long weekend, candlelight church service first Friday in December and a Breakfast with Santa the first Saturday in December.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a87d8355542993e715abfe4", "question_text": "Which film was released first, Jawbreaker or Havenhurst?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Jawbreaker"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Snegithiye", "paragraph_text": "Snegithiye (English:Oh Friend! \" (female)\" ) is a 2000 Tamil mystery thriller film directed by Priyadarshan. The story is loosely based on the 1999 Marathi film \"Bindhaast\" written by Chandrakant Kulkarni. The film notably features only female characters in the lead roles, played by Jyothika, Sharbani Mukherjee, Tabu and Ishita Arun. Music was composed by Vidyasagar. The film, released in 2000, proved to be an average grosser at the box office but bagged positive reviews from critics. Today, it is considered a cult classic that was underrated at the time of its release. Originally planned to be made as a bilingual, in Tamil and in Malayalam, the film released first in Tamil only, while the Malayalam dubbed version, \"Raakilipattu\", as well as the dubbed Hindi version, \"Friendship\", released seven years later.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Havenhurst", "paragraph_text": "Havenhurst is a 2017 American horror film directed by Andrew C. Erin and starring Julie Benz.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Game (2016 film)", "paragraph_text": "Game in Kannada, Oru Melliya Kodu (English: A thin line) in Tamil, is a 2016 Indian bilingual language crime thriller film directed by A. M. R. Ramesh. This movie is an unofficial remake of the 2012 Spanish thriller El Cuerpo (Spanish title) also known as \"The Body\", and features Arjun Sarja, Shaam and Manisha Koirala in the lead roles. With music composed by Ilayaraaja, the film was simultaneously shot in Kannada and Tamil; the former released first on February 26, 2016 while the later released on July 1, 2016. The film was dubbed and released in Telugu as \"Notuku Potu\" in 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Julie Benz", "paragraph_text": "Julie Marie Benz (born May 1, 1972) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Darla on \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and \"Angel\" (1997\u20132004) and Rita Bennett on \"Dexter\" (2006\u20132010), for which she won the 2006 Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress and the 2009 Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. She has also starred on the series \"Roswell\" (1999\u20132000), \"Desperate Housewives\" (2010), \"No Ordinary Family\" (2010\u20132011), \"A Gifted Man\" (2011\u20132012), \"Defiance\" (2013\u20132015), and \"Hawaii Five-0\" (2015\u2013present). Her film roles include \"Jawbreaker\" (1999), \"The Brothers\" (2001), \"Rambo\", \"Saw V\" and \"\" (2008), \"\" (2009), and \"Bedrooms\" (2010).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Fanny and Alexander", "paragraph_text": "Fanny and Alexander (Swedish: Fanny och Alexander ) is a Swedish drama film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 17 December 1982, written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. The plot focuses on two siblings and their large family in Uppsala, Sweden in the 1900s. It was originally conceived as a four-part TV movie and cut in that version, spanning 312 minutes; a 188-minute cut version was created later for cinematic release, although this version was in fact the one to be released first. The TV version has since been released as a complete film, and both versions have been shown in theaters throughout the world. The 312-minute (five-hour, twelve-minute) cut is one of the longest cinematic films in history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sneha (actress)", "paragraph_text": "Suhasini Rajaram Naidu, popularly known by her stage name Sneha, is an Indian film actress, who works in the South Indian film industry. She debuted in the Malayalam film \"Ingane Oru Nilapakshi\" (2000), directed by Anil \u2013 Babu and was later signed for the Tamil film \"Virumbugiren\", though it was only released two years later. She started getting offers in Tamil and moved her focus to Kollywood, and the movie \"Ennavale\", where she starred opposite R. Madhavan, was released first in the same year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "BlazBlue: Chrono Phantasma", "paragraph_text": "BlazBlue: Chrono Phantasma, released in Japan as BlazBlue: Chronophantasma (\u30d6\u30ec\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u30fc \u30af\u30ed\u30ce\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30bf\u30ba\u30de , BureiBur\u016b Kuronofantazuma ) , is a 2-D fighting game developed by Arc System Works. It is the third game of the Blazblue series, set after the events of \"\". The game was originally to be released first as an arcade game in the early fourth quarter of 2012, which was later pushed forward to November 2012. A PlayStation 3 version of the game was released in Japan on October 24, 2013, while it was released in the United States on March 25, 2014. Due to limited hardware and disc space the game was not released on the Xbox 360. An updated version of the game titled BlazBlue: Chrono Phantasma Extend (\u30d6\u30ec\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u30fc \u30af\u30ed\u30ce\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30bf\u30ba\u30de \u30a8\u30af\u30b9\u30c6\u30f3\u30c9 , BureiBur\u016b: Kuronofantazuma Ekusutendo , BlazBlue: Chronophantasma Extend) , dubbed as BlazBlue: Chrono Phantasma 2.0 (\u30d6\u30ec\u30a4\u30d6\u30eb\u30fc \u30af\u30ed\u30ce\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30bf\u30ba\u30de \uff12.\uff10 , BureiBur\u016b: Kuronofantazuma 2.0 , BlazBlue: Chronophantasma 2.0) in the Arcade version, was originally released for Arcades in October 2014, and for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in April 2015. It was released on June 30, 2015 in North America, with the European region version releasing on October 23, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Toys in the Attic (2009 film)", "paragraph_text": "Toys in the Attic (Czech: Na p\u016fd\u011b aneb Kdo m\u00e1 dneska narozeniny? ; festival title: In the Attic: Who Has a Birthday Today?) is a 2009 Czech-French-Japanese-Slovak primarily stop-motion animated fantasy comedy thriller family film directed by Ji\u0159\u00ed Barta and written by Edgar Dutka and Barta which depicts a community of toys and other objects in an attic who come to life when no human is around. It is an international co-production of Czech, Japanese and Slovak companies. The film was released first in the Czech Republic on 5 March 2009 and has been shown subtitled at film festivals internationally. An American dub \u2013 adapted, produced and directed by Vivian Schilling and performed by actors including Forest Whitaker, Joan Cusack, Cary Elwes and Schilling herself \u2013 has been recorded, which the film was first shown with on 3 March 2012 at the New York International Children's Film Festival and was released nationally on 24 August 2012 by Hannover House.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Midnite Movies", "paragraph_text": "Midnite Movies is a line of B movies released first on VHS and later on DVD by MGM Home Entertainment. The line was begun by MGM in March 2001 following its acquisition of Orion Pictures, which bought out Filmways, the owner of American International Pictures. AIP had a library of B movies from the 1950s and 1960s that were science fiction, horror, and exploitation films. The \"Midnite Movies\" collection is primarily derived from the AIP library (including most of Roger Corman's and Vincent Price's horror movies) but also included Hammer Film Productions, Amicus Productions, United Artists, and Empire International Pictures movies as well. The DVDs were first released as single films but most later releases would be double features on single double-sided discs. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment later became owners of the MGM library and continued the \"Midnite Movies\" line with distributor 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. All double feature titles released on the 20th Century Fox label were two-disc packages. By 2011, no new titles were forthcoming; the previous catalog titles slowly went out of print and the \"Midnite Movies\" website was taken down.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Deewana (1992 film)", "paragraph_text": "Deewana (English: 'Crazy' ) is a 1992 Indian romantic drama film directed by Raj Kanwar, and produced by Guddu Dhanoa and Lalit Kapoor and featuring Shah Rukh Khan, Divya Bharti and Rishi Kapoor in the lead. This was Shah Rukh's debut release, and he appears only in the second half of the film. He replaced Armaan Kohli, who walked out of the project due to creative differences after the first schedule. The film released on June 25, 1992. \" Dil Aashna Hai\" was supposed to be the debut movie of Shahrukh Khan however \"Deewana\" was released first.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5add39c45542995b365faac5", "question_text": "Did the the Battle of Stones River occur before the Battle of Saipan?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Couchville, Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Couchville, Tennessee was a community and U.S. Post Office founded on Stones River prior to 1880 in Davidson County, Tennessee. Couchville was inundated when J. Percy Priest Lake was formed by impounding Stones River in the mid-1960s. The community's identity is preserved in the name of adjacent Couchville Cedar Glade State Natural Area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Battle of Stones River", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Stones River or Second Battle of Murfreesboro, was fought from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, in Middle Tennessee, as the culmination of the Stones River Campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Of the major battles of the Civil War, Stones River had the highest percentage of casualties on both sides. Although the battle itself was inconclusive, the Union Army's repulse of two Confederate attacks and the subsequent Confederate withdrawal were a much-needed boost to Union morale after the defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg, and it dashed Confederate aspirations for control of Middle Tennessee.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Stones River National Battlefield", "paragraph_text": "Stones River National Battlefield, a 570 acre park along the Stones River in Rutherford County, Tennessee, three miles (5\u00a0km) northwest of Murfreesboro and twenty-eight miles southeast of Nashville, memorializes the Battle of Stones River, a key battle of the American Civil War that took place on December 31, 1862 and January 2, 1863, which resulted in a strategic Union victory.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Stones River Greenway Arboretum", "paragraph_text": "The Stones River Greenway Arboretum is an arboretum located along the Stones River Greenway, beside the Stones River, in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Grindstone River", "paragraph_text": "The Grindstone River is a 6.7 mi river of Minnesota, a tributary of the Kettle River. Its name is derived either from the Dakota \"I\u014bsw\u00fa watp\u00e1\" (Small Stones River) or from the Ojibwe \"Zhiigwanaabikokaa-ziibi\" (River abundant with grind stones). Sandstone taken from near the river was used to produce sharpening stones. In Ojibwe, Hinckley (\"Gaa-zhiigwanaabikokaag\") is named after this river.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Frederick Phisterer", "paragraph_text": "Frederick Phisterer (October 11, 1836 \u2013 July 13, 1909) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Phisterer received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Phisterer's medal was won for actions at the Battle of Stones River at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, now marked by the Stones River National Battlefield. He was honored with the award on December 12, 1894.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Stones River Union order of battle", "paragraph_text": "The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Stones River of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign, the casualty returns and the reports.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Battle of Saipan", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Saipan was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands from 15 June to 9 July 1944. The Allied invasion fleet embarking the expeditionary forces left Pearl Harbor on 5 June 1944, the day before Operation Overlord in Europe was launched. The U.S. 2nd Marine Division, 4th Marine Division, and the Army's 27th Infantry Division, commanded by Lieutenant General Holland Smith, defeated the 43rd Infantry Division of the Imperial Japanese Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Yoshitsugu Saito.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Paysonia stonensis", "paragraph_text": "Paysonia stonensis (syn. \"Lesquerella stonensis\") is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, known by the common name Stones River bladderpod. It is endemic to Tennessee in the United States, where it is limited to Rutherford County. It grows only in the floodplains of the Stones River, and certain tributaries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Stones River Campaign", "paragraph_text": "The Stones River Campaign of the American Civil War lasted from November 1862 to January 1863. The campaign was tactically a draw but was a strategic Union victory due to the Confederate retreat after the Battle of Stones River.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae2cda55542992decbdcdb7", "question_text": "What \"God Gave Me You\" artist wrote the song \"Imagine That\" for Diamond Rio?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Bryan Shelton White"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Beautiful Mess (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Beautiful Mess\" is a song written by Shane Minor, Clay Mills and former Exile member Sonny LeMaire, and recorded by American country music group Diamond Rio. It was released in April 2002 as the first single from Diamond Rio's album \"Completely\". The song reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, a position that it held for two non-consecutive weeks. The song was also Diamond Rio's most successful crossover single, peaking at number 28 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "James House (singer)", "paragraph_text": "James Andrew House (born March 22, 1955) is an American country music artist. Originally a member of a group called the House Band, he recorded a solo rock album in 1983 on Atlantic Records before he began his country music career in 1989 on MCA Records, recording two albums for that label. He later penned singles for Diamond Rio and Dwight Yoakam, before finding another record deal on Epic Records in 1994. That year, he charted two Top 40 singles on the \"Billboard\" country chart, including the Top ten hit \"This Is Me Missing You\". He has also written singles for Diamond Rio, Dwight Yoakam, and Martina McBride.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bunmi Koko", "paragraph_text": "Bunmi Koko was a Luxury Fashion Brand, based in London, England. Creative Director Bunmi Olaye and partner Francis Udom founded Bunmi Koko in 2009. The name was inspired by the designer\u2019s first name \u2018Bunmi\u2019 (which means 'God gave me') and the nickname given to her by her partner Francis; \"Koko\" (meaning my other half\u2019). The two phrases joined to mean, \"God gave me my other half.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Diamond Rio (album)", "paragraph_text": "Diamond Rio is the eponymous first studio album of the country music band Diamond Rio. Released in 1991 on Arista Records, it produced five chart singles on the \"Billboard\" country music charts: the Number One hit \"Meet in the Middle\", as well as the Top Ten hits \"Mirror, Mirror\", \"Mama Don't Forget to Pray for Me\", \"Norma Jean Riley\" and \"Nowhere Bound\". The album itself received RIAA platinum certification.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Diamond Rio discography", "paragraph_text": "Diamond Rio is an American country music band founded in 1982. Their discography consists of Ten studio albums, 36 singles, four compilation albums, and 20 music videos. Founded in 1984, Diamond Rio released their self-titled debut album in 1991. \" Meet in the Middle\", the lead-off single, reached #1 on the \"Billboard\" country singles chart, making Diamond Rio the first country group in history to have their debut single reach that position.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Meet in the Middle", "paragraph_text": "\"Meet in the Middle\" is a song recorded by American country music band Diamond Rio. It was released in February 1991 as their debut single, and was served as the first single from the album \"Diamond Rio\". The single reached Number One on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts, making Diamond Rio the first country music band in history to have its debut single reach Number One. The song was written by Don Pfrimmer, Chapin Hartford and Jim Foster.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "I Believe (Diamond Rio song)", "paragraph_text": "\"I Believe\" is a song written by Skip Ewing and Donny Kees, and recorded by American country music band Diamond Rio. It was released in November 2002 as the second single from their album \"Completely\". The song became Diamond Rio's fifth and final No. 1 single on the \"Billboard\" Country Songs chart in 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Imagine That (Diamond Rio song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Imagine That'\" is a song written by Bryan White, Derek George and John Tirro, and recorded by American country music group Diamond Rio. It was released in November 1997 as the second and final single from their \"Greatest Hits\" collection. It peaked at number 4 in both the United States and Canada.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "In Deep (Argent album)", "paragraph_text": "In Deep, released in 1973, is the 4th studio album by Argent; originally released by Epic Records, KE 32195. It features the original full-length recording of \"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\", which reached No.18 in the UK charts (U.S. #114); when released as a single in edited form later the same year. It was later remade by Kiss as \"God Gave Rock 'n' Roll to You II\" for the film \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\" in 1991, when it was a massive worldwide hit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Bryan White", "paragraph_text": "Bryan Shelton White (born February 17, 1974) is an American country music artist. Signed to Asylum Records in 1994 at age 20, White released his self-titled debut album that year. Both it and its follow-up, 1996's \"Between Now and Forever\", were certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and 1997's \"The Right Place\" was certified gold. His fourth album, 1999's \"How Lucky I Am\", produced 2 top 40 singles, with the song \"God Gave Me You\" eventually becoming a big hit in the Philippines.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a738093554299623ed4abbb", "question_text": "Alex Haley wrote what novel about a man that was born in 1750?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Roots: The Saga of an American Family"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Roots: The Saga of an American Family", "paragraph_text": "Roots: The Saga of an American Family is a novel written by Alex Haley and first published in 1976. It tells the story of Kunta Kinte, an 18th-century African, captured as an adolescent and sold into slavery in the United States, and later follows his life and the lives of his descendants in the United States down to Haley. The release of the novel, combined with its hugely popular television adaptation, \"Roots\" (1977), led to a cultural sensation in the United States, and it is considered to be one of the most important U.S. works of the 20th century. The novel spent months on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller List, including 22 weeks in the top spot on that list. The last seven chapters of the novel were later adapted in the form of a second miniseries, \"\" (1979). It stimulated interest in genealogy and appreciation for African-American history.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mama Flora's Family", "paragraph_text": "Mama Flora's Family is a 1997 historical fiction novel by Alex Haley and David Stevens. The story spans from the 1920s to the 1970s as it follows Flora, a daughter of poor black Mississippi sharecroppers, and her descendants. Haley died before completing the novel, with Stevens finishing the story line.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Alex Pascall", "paragraph_text": "Alex Pascall, OBE, is a Grenada-born broadcaster, journalist, musician, composer, oral historian and educator. Based in Britain for over 50 years, he was one of the developers of the Notting Hill Carnival, is a political campaigner and was part of the team behind the birth of Britain's first national black newspaper \"The Voice\". Credited with having \"established a black presence in the British media\", Pascall is most notable as having been one of the first regular Black radio voices in the UK, presenting the programme \"Black Londoners\" on BBC Radio London for 14 years from 1974. Initially planned as a test series of six programmes, \"Black Londoners\" became, in 1978, the first black daily radio show in British history, with prominent guests from the worlds of politics, sport, literature and the arts, including Muhammad Ali, Alex Haley and the Mighty Sparrow.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "George W. Haley", "paragraph_text": "George Williford Boyce Haley (August 28, 1925 \u2013 May 13, 2015) was an American attorney, diplomat and policy expert having served under seven presidential administrations. He was one of two younger brothers to the Pulitzer Prize winner Alex Haley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Roots: The Next Generations", "paragraph_text": "Roots: The Next Generations is an American television miniseries, introduced in 1979, continuing, from 1882 to the 1960s, the fictionalized story of the family of Alex Haley and their life in Henning, Lauderdale County, Tennessee, USA. (Henning is about 48 miles north of Memphis, which is on the Mississippi River and in the southwest corner of the state, and which was then the largest city in it.) This sequel to the 1977 miniseries is based on the last seven chapters of Haley's novel entitled \"\" plus additional material by Haley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Kunta Kinte", "paragraph_text": "Kunta Kinte ( 1750 \u2013 1822; ) is a character in the novel \"\" by American author Alex Haley. Haley claimed that Kunta Kinte was based on one of his ancestors: a Gambian man who was born in 1750, enslaved and taken to America and who died in 1822. Haley said that his account of Kunta's life in \"Roots\" was a mixture of fact and fiction. The extent to which Kunta Kinte is based on fact is disputed.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Alex Haley's Queen", "paragraph_text": "Alex Haley's Queen (also known as Queen) is a 1993 American television miniseries that aired in three installments on February 14, 16, and 18 on CBS. The miniseries is an adaptation of the novel \"\", by Alex Haley and David Stevens. The novel is based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley, Haley's paternal grandmother. Alex Haley died in February 1992 before completing the novel. It was later finished by David Stevens and published in 1993. Stevens also wrote the screenplay for the miniseries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Alex Haley House and Museum", "paragraph_text": "Alex Haley House and Museum State Historic Site is one of the Tennessee Historical Commission's state-owned historic sites and is located in Henning, Tennessee, United States. It is open to the public and partially funded by an agreement with the Tennessee Historical Commission. It was originally known as W. E. Palmer House and was the boyhood home of author Alex Haley. He was buried on the grounds. The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 2010, the site debuted the state-funded Alex Haley Museum and Interpretive Center which features a museum and interpretive center (designed by architect Louis Pounders) with exhibitions covering Haley's life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Simon Haley", "paragraph_text": "Simon Alexander Haley (March 8, 1892 \u2013 August 19, 1973) was a professor of agriculture, and father of writer Alex Haley. He was born in Savannah, Tennessee, to farmer Alexander \"Alec\" Haley and his wife Queen (Davy) Haley (n\u00e9e Jackson). Both his parents were born as slaves, and both apparently fathered by white slave owners. Simon attended Lane College in Jackson, Tennessee, at age 15. After enlisting in the military during World War I, he married Bertha George Palmer, also a student from Lane. Simon then finished his master's degree in agriculture at Cornell University. Bertha died in 1932, and Simon was remarried two years later to professor Zeona Hatcher. Simon Haley held positions at various southern universities including Alabama A&M just north of Huntsville, Alabama. He was buried at Little Rock National Cemetery in Little Rock, Arkansas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Autobiography of Malcolm X", "paragraph_text": "The Autobiography of Malcolm X was published in 1965, the result of a collaboration between human rights activist Malcolm\u00a0X and journalist Alex Haley. Haley coauthored the autobiography based on a series of in-depth interviews he conducted between 1963 and Malcolm\u00a0X's 1965 assassination. The \"Autobiography\" is a spiritual conversion narrative that outlines Malcolm\u00a0X's philosophy of black pride, black nationalism, and pan-Africanism. After the leader was killed, Haley wrote the book's epilogue. He described their collaborative process and the events at the end of Malcolm\u00a0X's life.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab59ffe5542997d4ad1f193", "question_text": "Wind was directed by which American actress born on March 26, 1960?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Jennifer Grey"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kellyn Plasschaert", "paragraph_text": "Kellyn Lillian Plasschaert (November 26, 1958\u2013April 30, 2009) was an American actress born in Los Angeles, California and the daughter of Alex Edward Plasschaert, a stuntman and choreographer. She was the hostess of the children's television series \"Mousercise\". Her residence was in Canyon Country, California. Kellyn died from cancer on April 30, 2009. She was cremated.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Irene Gorovaia", "paragraph_text": "Irene Gorovaia (Russian: \u0418\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f ; born June 13, 1989), also credited as Irina Gorovaia, is an American actress born in Russia and raised in Brooklyn, New York. She has been a ballet dancer for many years, training with the School of American Ballet.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jennifer Grey", "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Grey (born March 26, 1960) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the 1980s films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" (1986) and \"Dirty Dancing\" (1987), for which Grey earned a Golden Globe Award nomination. She is also known for her 2010 victory in season eleven of \"Dancing with the Stars\". Grey is the daughter of Academy Award\u2013winning actor Joel Grey and former actress/singer Jo Wilder, Grey currently stars in the Amazon Studios comedy series \"Red Oaks\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jean Fenwick", "paragraph_text": "Jean Fenwick, born Harriet Krauth (May 30, 1907 \u2014 December 5, 1998) was an American actress born in Trinidad.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ren\u00e9e Bourque", "paragraph_text": "Ren\u00e9e Lee Moniz (born October 16, 1977) is an American actress born and raised in Rhode Island. She is also known as \"Ren\u00e9e Moniz\" and \"Renee Bourque Moniz\". She has appeared in \"American Hustle\" and in the movie \"27 Dresses\" where she plays Katherine Heigl's co-worker at Urban Everest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Jacqueline Lovell", "paragraph_text": "Jacqueline Lovell (born 9 December 1974) is an American actress born and raised in Southern California. Most of her roles have been in B-films and erotic movies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Wind (film)", "paragraph_text": "Wind is a 1992 film. The movie was directed by Carroll Ballard and starred Matthew Modine, Jennifer Grey and Cliff Robertson.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Soad Hosny", "paragraph_text": "Soad Hosny (Arabic: \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0649\u200e \u200e \u00a0] : January 26, 1943 \u2013 June 21, 2001) was an Egyptian actress born in Cairo. She was known as the \"Cinderella of Egyptian cinema\" and one of the most influential actresses in the Middle East and the Arab world. She ascended to stardom at the end of the 1950s, performing in more than 83 films between 1959 and 1991. A majority of her films were shot in the 1960s and 1970s. Her final screen appearance was in the 1991 film, \"The Shepherd and the Women\", directed by her ex-husband, Ali Badrakhan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hailey McCann", "paragraph_text": "Hailey McCann (born October 3, 1995) is an American actress born in Riverside, California. McCann is one of four children and has two sisters and a brother. She played her first role in the 2003 short film \"Give or Take an Inch\". In the movie \"The Time Traveler's Wife\" she appeared alongside her younger sister, Tatum McCann as well as Eric Bana and Rachel McAdams. The sisters both played the character of Alba DeTamble in different time periods.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Verree Teasdale", "paragraph_text": "Verree Teasdale (March 15, 1903 \u2013 February 17, 1987) was an American actress born in Spokane, Washington.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae5a4e5554299546bf82f01", "question_text": "Which writer of \"Rewrite This Story\" are an American songwriting duo and composing team for musical theater, films, and television?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Pasek and Paul"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Poison Ivy (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Poison Ivy\" is a popular song by American songwriting duo Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It was originally recorded by The Coasters in 1959. It went to #1 on the R&B chart, #7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and #15 in the UK. This was their third top-ten hit of that year following \"Charlie Brown\" and \"Along Came Jones\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Selda and Derek", "paragraph_text": "Selda and Derek are an American songwriting duo, consisting of Selda Sahin (lyrics) and Derek Gregor (music), best known as the songwriters of the musical film Grind, starring Anthony Rapp, Claire Coffee and Pasha Pellosie. They are co-writing Eric Michael Krop's pop album \"Greater Things\", to be released in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pasek and Paul", "paragraph_text": "Benj Pasek and Justin Paul, known together as Pasek and Paul, are an American songwriting duo and composing team for musical theater, films, and television. Their works include \"\", \"Dogfight\", \"Edges\", \"Dear Evan Hansen\", and \"James and the Giant Peach\". Their original songs have been featured on NBC's \"Smash\", and in the film \"La La Land\", for which they won both the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song \"City of Stars\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rewrite This Story", "paragraph_text": "\"Rewrite This Story\" is an original song introduced in the seventh episode of the second season of the musical TV series Smash, entitled \"Musical Chairs\". It was written by Pasek and Paul, but within the show's universe, it was written by songwriting team Jimmy Collins (Jeremy Jordan) and Kyle Bishop (Andy Mientus) for their \"Hit List\" musical.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Charles Gilbert, Jr.", "paragraph_text": "Charles Gilbert, Jr. is a writer, composer, director and educator who specializes in musical theater. Currently a Professor of Theater Arts in the Ira Brind School of Theater Arts at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Gilbert served as Director of the Brind School from 2008 to 2013 after heading its Musical Theater Program for nearly twenty years. He developed the SAVI System of Singing-Acting and has taught students using this pedagogy in workshops and residencies in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark and Germany. Among his works for the musical stage is the 1979 musical \"Assassins\". , source of the idea for Stephen Sondheim's Tony Award-winning musical of the same name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Carner and Gregor", "paragraph_text": "Carner and Gregor are an American musical theatre songwriting duo consisting of Sam Carner and Derek Gregor. They are the recipients of a 2004 Richard Rodgers Award for Musical Theater from the American Academy of Arts and Letters for their musical \"Unlock'd\". The team has collaborated since 2002, with Carner working as the lyricist and Gregor as the composer. They reside and work in New York City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sherman Brothers", "paragraph_text": "The Sherman Brothers were an American songwriting duo that specialized in musical films, made up of Robert B. Sherman (December 19, 1925 \u2013 March 6, 2012) and Richard M. Sherman (born June 12, 1928).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Livingston &amp; Evans", "paragraph_text": "Livingston and Evans were the songwriting and composing team of Jay Livingston (1915-2001) and Ray Evans (1915-2007), who worked on movies, television and stage.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Pastafazoola", "paragraph_text": "Pastafazoola (also known as Pastafazula) is a 1927 novelty song written by the early 20th-century American songwriting duo of Van and Schenck. Borrowing heavily from the Italian standard \"Funicul\u00ec, Funicul\u00e0\", the song tells of the masterful feats of world-leading individuals who ate the traditional Italian dish, \"pasta fagioli\", which is simple \"peasant fare\" of pasta and navy beans. Among the individuals mentioned in the song are Babe Ruth, who had hit a record 60 home runs during the 1927 season, singer John McCormack, John D. Rockefeller, Jack Dempsey, Charles Lindbergh, Christopher Columbus and Benito Mussolini.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Marian Hill", "paragraph_text": "Marian Hill is an American songwriting duo from Philadelphia consisting of production artist Jeremy Lloyd and vocalist Samantha Gongol. Their name comes from two characters, Marian Paroo and Harold Hill, from the musical \"The Music Man\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac264195542992f1f2b38a5", "question_text": "Which song that John Kirby scored  is often the final piece of music played during an evening of revelry?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["\"Loch Lomond\""]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Robert J. Kirby", "paragraph_text": "Robert John Kirby (October 20, 1889 \u2013 January 15, 1944) was the Warden of Sing Sing prison from 1941 until 1944. Highly regarded for his integrity, Kirby brought respect back to the administration of Sing Sing, and order to the prison after the often controversial tenure of Lewis Lawes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dvoyanka", "paragraph_text": "The Bulgarian dvoyanka is a double flute made of a single piece of wood, with six sound holes on one side. It is most frequently made of ash-wood, plum tree, pear tree, cornel or boxwood. The tune is played on the right pipe, while the left pipe provides a flat tone (or drone) as accompaniment. The playing structure on the right pipe is similar to that of the music played on the kaval. The dvoyanka has traditionally been an instrument favored by shepherds. Line-dances and lively melodies are frequently played on it. It is a known fact that shepherds directed their flocks by their playing, since sheep remember and recognize a melody in time. A shepherd could \"teach\" his flock to start from the pen towards the pasture at one melody, and to return to the village in the evening at another. The instrument bears similitudes to the dvojnica, an instrument typical for the regions of Central and Western Serbia and Serbian regions across the river Drina, which is made and played somewhat differently.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "In the Hall of the Mountain King", "paragraph_text": "\"In the Hall of the Mountain King\" (Norwegian: \"I Dovregubbens hall\" ) is a piece of orchestral music composed by Edvard Grieg in 1875 as incidental music for the sixth scene of act 2 in Henrik Ibsen's 1867 play \"Peer Gynt\". It was originally part of Opus 23 but was later extracted as the final piece of \"Peer Gynt\", Suite No. 1, Op. 46. Its easily recognizable theme has helped it attain iconic status in popular culture, where it has been arranged by many artists (See Grieg's music in popular culture).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Damage (Pharoahe Monch song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Damage\" is a song by American hip hop artist Pharoahe Monch, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album, \"P.T.S.D. (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)\". Prior to its release date, Pharoahe Monch's independent label, W.A.R. Media, published a visual trailer to YouTube on September 22, 2012. The song was officially made available for purchase worldwide on September 27, 2012, on the iTunes Music Store by W.A.R. Media in conjunction with Duck Down Music Inc.. The Lee Stone-produced song is the final piece to Pharoahe's \"bullet\" trilogy in which he anthropomorphizes a slug fired with the intent to annihilate, and tackles the issue of gun violence. The song and its provide a chilling reminder that bullets have no name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Runaway (album)", "paragraph_text": "The Runaway is the third album from London indie-rock band The Magic Numbers. The Stodart and Gannon siblings reveal a rather upbeat side on this offering, compared to their 2006 release \"Those the Brokes\". The album features string arrangements by Robert Kirby (Nick Drake, Elvis Costello), who died in 2009, with \"The Runaway\" ultimately proving to be his final piece of work.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "John Kirby (musician)", "paragraph_text": "John Kirby (December 31, 1908 \u2013 June 14, 1952), was a jazz double-bassist who also played trombone and tuba. In addition to sideman work (prominently with Benny Goodman), Kirby is remembered for leading a successful chamber jazz sextet in the late 1930s and early 1940s, which scored several hit songs including \"Loch Lomond\" and the debut recording of \"Undecided\", a jazz standard.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond", "paragraph_text": "\"The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond\", or simply \"Loch Lomond\" for short, is a well-known traditional Scottish song (Roud No. 9598) first published in 1841 in \"Vocal Melodies of Scotland\". The song prominently features Loch Lomond, the largest Scottish loch, located between the counties of Dunbartonshire and Stirlingshire. In Scotland, the song is often the final piece of music played during an evening of revelry (a dance party or dinner, etc.).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Keystone (architecture)", "paragraph_text": "A keystone (also known as capstone) is the wedge-shaped stone piece at the apex of a masonry arch, or the generally round one at the apex of a vault. In both cases it is the final piece placed during construction and locks all the stones into position, allowing the arch or vault to bear weight. In both arches and vaults, keystones are often enlarged beyond the structural requirements, and often decorated in some way. Keystones are often placed in the centre of the flat top of openings such as doors and windows, essentially for decorative effect.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The American Ruling Class", "paragraph_text": "The American Ruling Class is a 2005 dramatic documentary film written by Lewis H. Lapham and directed by John Kirby that \"explores our country\u2019s most taboo topic: class, power and privilege in our nominally democratic republic.\" It seeks to answer the question, \"Does America have a ruling class?\" Its producers consider it the first \"dramatic-documentary-musical.\" A rough-cut of the film was shown at the 2005 Tribeca Film Festival, the final version of the film was shown on the Sundance Channel in July 2007, and it had its theatrical premiere at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in April 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pe\u015frev", "paragraph_text": "Pe\u015frev (pronounced ] in Turkish), \"Pi\u015frev\" ([pi\u0283\u02c8\u027eev] ), \"peshrev,\" or \"pishrev;\" called \"bashraf\" \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0641 in Arabic; is an instrumental form in Turkish classical music. It is the name of the first piece of music played during a group performance called a fas\u0131l (] ). It also serves as the penultimate piece of the \"Mevlevi ayini\", ritual music of the Mevlevi order, under the name \"son pe\u015frev\" (final pe\u015frev), preceding \"son semai\". It usually uses long rhythm cycles, stretching over many measures as opposed to the simpler usul the other major form of instrumental music uses, \"saz semai\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac3f1c9554299204fd21ed4", "question_text": "\"Lesbian Request Denied\" is the third episode of the first season of a series created by who?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Jenji Kohan"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Come Fly with Me (Modern Family)", "paragraph_text": "\"Come Fly with Me\" is the third episode of the first season of the ABC sitcom \"Modern Family\" and the third episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 7, 2009. The episode was written by Dan O'Shannon and directed by Reginald Hudlin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Devil In the Dark", "paragraph_text": "\"The Devil In the Dark\" is the third episode of the first season of the American science fiction series \"Defiance\", and the series' third episode overall. It was aired on April 29, 2013. The episode was written by Michael Taylor and it was directed by Omar Madha.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Homer's Odyssey (The Simpsons)", "paragraph_text": "\"Homer's Odyssey\" is the third episode of the first season of \"The Simpsons\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 21, 1990. In this episode, Homer becomes a crusader for citizen safety in Springfield, and is promoted to his current position as Nuclear Safety Inspector for the entire power plant. It was written by Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky and was the first \"Simpsons\" script to be completed, although it was the third episode produced.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Queens for a Day", "paragraph_text": "\"Queens for a Day\" is the third episode in the American dramedy series \"Ugly Betty\", which aired on October 12, 2006. Although this is the third episode overall in the series, it is listed as the second episode on the first season DVD release, while \"The Box and the Bunny\" was listed as episode 3.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Health Care (The Office)", "paragraph_text": "\"Health Care\" is the third episode of the first season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\", and the show's third episode overall. Written by Paul Lieberstein, who also acts in the show as Toby Flenderson, and directed by Ken Whittingham, the episode first aired in the United States on April 5, 2005 on NBC.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "paragraph_text": "Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on July 11, 2013 on the streaming service Netflix. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. The fifth season was released on June 9, 2017. The series is produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Power Rangers Ninja Storm", "paragraph_text": "Power Rangers Ninja Storm is an American television series and the eleventh season of the \"Power Rangers\" franchise, based on the Super Sentai series \"Ninpuu Sentai Hurricaneger\". This is the first season to be filmed in New Zealand and also the second season to be under the BVS copyright. This is the first season not produced by MMPR Productions. This series is unique in the fact that it was the first to feature only one female Ranger serving on the team (although the 10-episode mini-series Alien Rangers featured only one female Ranger), the first season to not have an African American Ranger, the first season where the Blue Ranger was female, the second, (first full) season where the Yellow Ranger was male and was the first season to begin the series with three Rangers instead of five like the previous seasons, and also the first and only season to have a crimson and navy ranger. This was the first series to air on ABC in its entirety. It was also the last series to premiere episodes first on ABC Kids until \"Power Rangers RPM\". ABC Family had encore reruns following their premiere. This season did not have a Power Rangers team up episode like the five before it due to a shift back to non-SAG talent when production was moved to New Zealand from Los Angeles. This is the third series to air under Saban Brands on Nicktoons, which began on June 1, 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Friday Night Bites", "paragraph_text": "\"Friday Night Bites\" is the third episode of the first season of The CW television series, \"The Vampire Diaries\" and the third episode of the series overall. It originally aired on Thursday, September 24, 2009. The episode was written by Barbie Kligman and Bryan M. Holdman and directed by John Dahl.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lesbian Request Denied", "paragraph_text": "\"Lesbian Request Denied\" is the third episode of the first season of American comedy-drama series \"Orange Is the New Black\" (\"OITNB\"), based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), regarding her time at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. It was written by Sian Heder, and is one of two \"OITNB\" episodes directed by award-winning actress and director Jodie Foster. The episode was originally released, simultaneously with twelve other episodes making up the first season, on American streaming service Netflix on July 11, 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Box and the Bunny", "paragraph_text": "\"The Box and the Bunny\" is the second episode from the American dramedy series \"Ugly Betty\", which aired on October 5, 2006. Although this is the second episode overall in the series, it is listed as the third episode on the first season DVD release, while \"Queens for a Day\" was listed as episode 2. The episode's title is a reference to the music box that Bradford took from Fey's apartment, and Betty's pink bunny that Amanda kidnaps and abuses. It is also the first episode to be produced in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab5fddb554299110f2199af", "question_text": "Where was one of Sergei Prokofiev's most well-known operas first performed in 1921?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Chicago, Illinois"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Visions fugitives", "paragraph_text": "Visions fugitives, Op. 22, are a series of short piano pieces composed by Russian composer Sergei Prokofiev (1891\u20131953) between 1915 and 1917. They were premiered by Prokofiev on April 15, 1918 in Petrograd, Soviet Union. They were written individually, many for specific friends of Prokofiev's, and he originally referred to them as his \"doggies\" because of their \"bite\". In August 1917, Prokofiev played them for Russian poet Konstantin Balmont, and others, at the home of a mutual friend. Balmont was inspired to compose a sonnet on the spot, called \"a magnificent improvisation\" by Prokofiev who named the pieces \"\"Mimolyotnosti\"\" from these lines in Balmont's poem: \"\"In every fleeting vision I see worlds, Filled with the fickle play of rainbows\"\". A French-speaking friend at the house, Kira Nikolayevna, immediately provided a French translation for the pieces: \"Visions Fugitives\". Prokofiev often performed only a couple of them at a time as encores at the end of his performances.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sergei O. Prokofieff", "paragraph_text": "Sergei Olegovich Prokofieff (16 January 1954 \u2013 26 July 2014) was a Russian anthroposophist. He was the grandson of the composer Sergei Prokofiev and his first wife Lina Prokofiev, and the son of Oleg Prokofiev and his first wife Sofia Korovina. Born in Moscow, he studied fine arts and painting at the Moscow School of Art. He encountered anthroposophy in his youth, and soon made the decision to devote his life to it.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "String Quartet No. 2 (Prokofiev)", "paragraph_text": "Sergei Prokofiev's String Quartet No. 2 in F Major, Op. 92 (1941) was first performed by the Beethoven Quartet in Moscow on 7 April 1942. A later concert in Moscow, on 5 September 1942, was delayed by a Nazi air raid and started late. Prokofiev thought it \"an extremely turbulent success.\" The string quartet, lasting for 20\u201325 minutes, is in three movements.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Semyon Kotko", "paragraph_text": "Semyon Kotko (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e ), Op. 81, is an opera in five acts by Sergei Prokofiev to a libretto by Sergei Prokofiev and Valentin Katayev based on Katayev's 1937 novel \"I, Son of Working People\" (Russian: \u042f, \u0441\u044b\u043d \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u2026 ). It was premiered on 23 June 1940 at the Stanislavsky Opera Theatre in Moscow.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Flute Sonata (Prokofiev)", "paragraph_text": "The Flute Sonata in D, Op. 94, was completed in the summer of 1943 by Sergei Prokofiev. At that same time, Prokofiev was working on music for \"Ivan the terrible\". The flute sonata in D was first performed in Moscow, Russia on December 7, 1943 by Nicolai Kharkovsky (flute) and Sviatoslav Richter (piano). It was later transcribed for violin in 1944, by the composer with the help of violinist David Oistrakh, as Op. 94a. The violin version was first performed by David Oistrakh (violin) and Lev Oborin, Piano, on June 17, 1944.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Love for Three Oranges", "paragraph_text": "The Love for Three Oranges, Op. 33, also known by its French language title L'amour des trois oranges (Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c \u043a \u0442\u0440\u0451\u043c \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c , \"Lyubov' k tryom apel'sinam\"), is a satirical opera by Sergei Prokofiev. Its French libretto was based on the Italian play \"L'amore delle tre melarance\" by Carlo Gozzi. The opera premiered at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago, Illinois, on 30 December 1921.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Piano Concerto No. 2 (Prokofiev)", "paragraph_text": "Sergei Prokofiev set to work on his Piano Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Op. 16, in 1912 and completed it in 1913. But this concerto is lost; the score was destroyed in a fire following the Russian Revolution. Prokofiev reconstructed the work in 1923, two years after finishing his Third Concerto, and declared it to be \u201cso completely rewritten that it might almost be considered [Concerto] No. 4\u201d; indeed its orchestration has features that clearly postdate the 1921 concerto. Performing as solo pianist, Prokofiev premiered this surviving \u201cNo. 2\u201d in Paris on 8 May 1924 with Serge Koussevitzky conducting. It is dedicated to the memory of Maximilian Schmidthof, a friend of Prokofiev's at the St. Petersburg Conservatory who had killed himself in 1913.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Trapeze (Prokofiev)", "paragraph_text": "Sergei Prokofiev's Trap\u00e8ze Ballet is scored for oboe, clarinet, violin, viola and double bass. The ballet, closely related to Prokofiev's Quintet, Op. 39 (1924), contains eight movements (in five parts) and lasts 20\u201325 minutes. The complete ballet in eight movements was first performed in Gotha, a small German town near Hanover, on 6 November 1925.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lieutenant Kij\u00e9 (Prokofiev)", "paragraph_text": "Sergei Prokofiev's Lieutenant Kij\u00e9 (Russian: \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0438\u0436\u0435 , \"Poruchik Kizhe\") music was originally written to accompany the film of the same name, produced by the Belgoskino film studios in Leningrad in 1933\u201334 and released in March 1934. It was Prokofiev's first attempt at film music, and his first commission from within the Soviet Union; he had lived abroad since the 1917 October Revolution. After the film's release, Prokofiev adapted the music into what became a popular orchestral suite, his Op. 60.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sergei Prokofiev", "paragraph_text": "Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev ( ; Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432 , \"Sergej Sergejevi\u010d Prokofjev\" ; 27\u00a0April 1891\u00a0\u2013 5\u00a0March 1953) was a Soviet composer, pianist and conductor. As the creator of acknowledged masterpieces across numerous musical genres, he is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century. His works include such widely heard works as the March from \"The Love for Three Oranges,\" the suite \"Lieutenant Kij\u00e9\", the ballet \"Romeo and Juliet\" \u2013 from which \"Dance of the Knights\" is taken \u2013 and \"Peter and the Wolf.\" Of the established forms and genres in which he worked, he created \u2013 excluding juvenilia \u2013 seven completed operas, seven symphonies, eight ballets, five piano concertos, two violin concertos, a cello concerto, a Symphony-Concerto for cello and orchestra, and nine completed piano sonatas.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7f7c285542994857a76746", "question_text": "California joined the Union due to the passage of a package of how many separate bills?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["five", "5"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Leonard Jan Le Vann", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Leonard Jan Le Vann (1 August 1915 \u2013 29 September 1987) was the medical superintendent at the Alberta Provincial Training School for Mental Defectives (also known as the Michener Center) from the years 1949\u20131974. Although he was born and raised in the United States, Le Vann trained as a physician in Scotland. Throughout his career Le Vann wrote many articles, the majority of which were published during his 25-year career at the Provincial Training School. These articles covered a broad range of topics that include alcoholism, schizophrenia and experimental treatments of antipsychotic drugs. In 1974 Le Vann resigned from the training center, which was due to the Conservative Party of Alberta\u2019s repeal against the Sexual Sterilization Act of Alberta. Furthermore, there has been plenty of controversy about how he ran the school. This controversy has been brought to attention mainly because of the Leilani Muir trial that took place in 1995. Although Le Vann was already deceased at the time of the trial, his name was brought to the court\u2019s attention on many separate occasions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "History of California before 1900", "paragraph_text": "Human history in California begins with indigenous Americans first arriving in California some 13,000\u201315,000 years ago. Exploration and settlement by Europeans along the coasts and in the inland valleys began in the 16th century. California was acquired by the United States under the terms of the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the defeat of Mexico in the Mexican\u2013American War. American westward expansion intensified with the California Gold Rush, beginning in 1849. California joined the Union as a free state in 1850, due to the Compromise of 1850. By the end of the 19th century, California was still largely rural and agricultural, but had a population of about 1.4 million.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Breckland Forest", "paragraph_text": "Breckland Forest is an 18,126 hectare biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in many separate areas between Swaffham in Norfolk and Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk. It is part of the Breckland Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. It contains two Geological Conservation Review sites, Beeches Pit, Icklingham and High Lodge. Barton Mills Valley is a Local Nature Reserve in the south-west corner of the site.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rollins Air", "paragraph_text": "Rollins Air was an airline charter company based in Honduras. It had Lockheed Tristars. In 2011 it was banned from operating in the European Union due to safety concerns. On 24 September 2012, its AOC (Air Operator's Certificate) was revoked and it subsequently expired. On 4 December 2012 (after the AOC expired) the airline was removed from EU list of banned air carriers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Russians in Kyrgyzstan", "paragraph_text": "Russians in Kyrgyzstan are a minority ethnic group numbering 419,600 individuals according to 2009 Census, representing 9.1% of the total population. Most ethnic Russians migrated to the country during the 20th Century. The Russian population has been declining since the breakup of the Soviet Union due to low fertility rates and emigration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange", "paragraph_text": "The 1951 Polish\u2013Soviet territorial exchange or Polish-Soviet border adjustment treaty of 1951 was a border adjustment signed in Moscow between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union regarding roughly 480 km2 of land, along their mutual border. The exchange was made to the decisive economic benefit of the Soviet Union due to rich deposits of coal given up by Poland; these deposits were discovered well before World War II. Within eight years following the agreement, the Soviets built four large coal mines there with the total mining capacity of 15 million tons annually.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "\u0100ne", "paragraph_text": "\u0100ne is a large village in Ozolnieki Municipality, Latvia. The village is located on the Lielupe River approximately 38\u00a0km from the capital city of Riga and 7\u00a0km from city of Jelgava. It is known for the amount of clay that is dug up in local lakes. There is a brick factory, which was very prominent during the Soviet era; since the factory was privatised it still produces bricks albeit on a reduced scale. The town was very well known in the Soviet Union due to this. It is sometimes referred to by locals as \"Sarkanais m\u0101ls\" literally meaning \"Red clay\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Compromise of 1850", "paragraph_text": "The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired during the Mexican\u2013American War (1846\u20131848). The compromise, drafted by Whig Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky and brokered by Clay and Democratic Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, reduced sectional conflict. Controversy arose over the Fugitive Slave provision. The Compromise was greeted with relief, but each side disliked some of its specific provisions:", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Russian avant-garde", "paragraph_text": "The Russian avant-garde was a large, influential wave of avant-garde modern art that flourished in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, approximately from 1890 to 1930\u2014although some have placed its beginning as early as 1850 and its end as late as 1960. The term covers many separate, but inextricably related, art movements that flourished at the time; namely Suprematism, Constructivism, Russian Futurism, Cubo-Futurism, Zaum and Neo-primitivism. Given that many avant-garde artists involved were born or grew up in what is present day Belarus and Ukraine (including Kazimir Malevich, Aleksandra Ekster, Vladimir Tatlin, Wassily Kandinsky, David Burliuk, Alexander Archipenko), some sources also talk about Ukrainian avant-garde.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Joseph Sokolsky", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Sokolsky (Bulgarian: \u0419\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444 \u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 , Gabrovo, Ottoman Empire 1786 \u2013 died in Kiev, Russian Empire September 30, 1879) was the first senior Eastern Orthodox Bulgarian clergyman who convert to Catholicism, thus becoming a pioneer of the Bulgarian Byzantine Catholic Church. Sokolsky negotiated with Vatican a formal union due to Phanariotes domination over Bulgarian Orthodoxy and gained Catholic recognition 1861 when Pope Pius IX named him Archbishop for the Bulgarians of the Byzantine Rite. He was also accepted in that capacity by the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab322b1554299194fa93570", "question_text": "Which type of character is featured by the P.L. Travers's third book and last novel in the \"Mary Poppins\" series?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["fictional character"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mary Poppins Opens the Door", "paragraph_text": "Mary Poppins Opens the Door is a British children's fantasy novel by the Australian-British writer P.L. Travers, the third book and last novel in the \"Mary Poppins\" series that features the magical English nanny Mary Poppins. It was published in 1943 by Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc and illustrated by Mary Shepard and Agnes Sims.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mary Poppins (character)", "paragraph_text": "Mary Poppins is a fictional character and the eponymous protagonist of P. L. Travers' \"Mary Poppins\" books and all of their adaptations. A magical English nanny, she blows in on the East Wind and arrives at the Banks home at Number Seventeen Cherry Tree Lane, London, where she is given charge of the Banks children and teaches them valuable lessons with a magical touch. Travers gives Poppins the accent and vocabulary of a real London nanny: cockney base notes overlaid with a strangled gentility.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mary Poppins (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "\"Mary Poppins\" is a series of children's books written by P.L. Travers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mary Poppins, Goodbye", "paragraph_text": "Mary Poppins, Goodbye (Russian: \u041c\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0441, \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f! ; translit. \"Meri Poppins, do svidaniya\") is a Soviet 1983 two-part musical miniseries (part 1 \"Lady Perfection\", part 2 \"Week ends on Wednesday\"), directed by Leonid Kvinikhidze. It is loosely based on Mary Poppins stories by P. L. Travers. The TV series were ordered by the Gosteleradio of USSR and produced by Mosfilm. The official television premiere was on January 8, 1984.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Saving Mr. Banks", "paragraph_text": "Saving Mr. Banks is a 2013 period drama film directed by John Lee Hancock from a screenplay written by Kelly Marcel and Sue Smith. Centered on the development of the 1964 film \"Mary Poppins\", the film stars Emma Thompson as author P. L. Travers and Tom Hanks as filmmaker Walt Disney, with supporting performances by Paul Giamatti, Jason Schwartzman, Bradley Whitford, and Colin Farrell. Deriving its title from the father in Travers' story, \"Saving Mr. Banks\" depicts the author's fortnight-long meetings during 1961 in Los Angeles, during which Disney attempts to obtain the screen rights to her novels.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "P. L. Travers", "paragraph_text": "Pamela Lyndon Travers, OBE ( ; born Helen Lyndon Goff; 9 August 1899 \u2013 23 April 1996) was an Australian-born writer who spent most of her career in England. She is best known for the \"Mary Poppins\" series of children's books, which feature the magical nanny Mary Poppins.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chim Chim Cher-ee", "paragraph_text": "\"Chim Chim Cher-ee\" is a song from \"Mary Poppins\", the 1964 musical motion picture. It was originally sung by Dick Van Dyke and Julie Andrews, and also is featured in the Cameron Mackintosh/Disney \"Mary Poppins\" musical. The song can be heard in the \"Mary Poppins\" scene of The Great Movie Ride at Disney's Hollywood Studios and during the \"Mary Poppins\" segment of \"\" at Disneyland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mary Shepard", "paragraph_text": "Mary Eleanor Jessie Knox n\u00e9e Shepard (25 December 1909 \u2013 4 September 2000) was an English illustrator of children's books. She is best known for the \"Mary Poppins\" stories written by P. L. Travers (1934 to 1988): \"Mary Shepard: Putting Mary Poppins in the picture\", \"The Times\" of London titled an obituary article. She used her married name Mary Knox outside the publishing industry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mary Poppins (musical)", "paragraph_text": "Mary Poppins is a musical with music and lyrics by the Sherman Brothers, with additional music and lyrics by George Stiles and Anthony Drewe, and a script by Julian Fellowes. The musical is based on the similarly titled Mary Poppins children's books by P. L. Travers and the 1964 Disney film, and is a fusion of various elements from the two.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mary Poppins (film)", "paragraph_text": "Mary Poppins is a 1964 American musical-fantasy film directed by Robert Stevenson and produced by Walt Disney, with songs written and composed by the Sherman Brothers. The screenplay is by Bill Walsh and Don DaGradi, loosely based on P. L. Travers' book series \"Mary Poppins\". The film, which combines live-action and animation, stars Julie Andrews in the role of Mary Poppins who visits a dysfunctional family in London and employs her unique brand of lifestyle to improve the family's dynamic. Dick Van Dyke, David Tomlinson, and Glynis Johns are featured in supporting roles. The film was shot entirely at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California using painted London background scenes.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae7ba7a5542993210983f12", "question_text": "What is the name of the singer who's song was released as the lead single from the album \"Confessions\", and that had popular song stuck behind for eight consecutive weeks?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Usher"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Yeah! (Usher song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Yeah!\" is a song by American singer Usher. He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon. It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B\u2014which he coined as crunk&B\u2014in the song's production. The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "No One (Alicia Keys song)", "paragraph_text": "\"No One\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Alicia Keys from her third studio album, \"As I Am\" (2007). It was written and produced by Keys, Kerry Brothers Jr., and George M. Harry, and released as the album's lead single on September 11, 2007. The song topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for five consecutive weeks and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for 10 consecutive weeks, while charting inside the top 10 in most major markets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Stay (Shakespears Sister song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Stay\" is a song by UK based pop act Shakespears Sister, released by London Records in January 1992 as the second single from their album \"Hormonally Yours\". Upon release, the single became a global smash hit becoming the duo's first and only No. 1 single in numerous territories, including the UK, where it topped the UK Singles Chart for eight consecutive weeks; the longest UK No. 1 reign for any all-female band, and was the fourth biggest selling single of 1992. The single also held the No. 1 position in band member Siobhan Fahey's birthplace, Ireland, for six weeks, and it was a transatlantic hit reaching No. 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the US.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Stay (Sugarland song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Stay\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Sugarland. It was released in September 2007 as the fourth and final single from their album \"Enjoy the Ride\" (see 2006 in country music). Overall, the song is the group's eighth single to enter the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts, where it reached a peak position of #2 for four weeks, stuck behind Taylor Swift's \"Our Song\", and has become their signature song. The music video for \"Stay\" was ranked #10 on CMT's 100 Greatest Videos.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Billy Ray Cyrus discography", "paragraph_text": "Billy Ray Cyrus is an American country music singer, songwriter, actor and philanthropist, who helped make country music a worldwide phenomenon. He has released 12 studio albums and 44 singles since 1992, and is best known for his number one single \"Achy Breaky Heart\", which became the first single ever to achieve triple Platinum status in Australia and was the best-selling single of 1992 in the same country. Thanks to the video of the song, the linedance entered the mainstream, becoming a worldwide craze. Cyrus, a multi-platinum selling recording artist, has scored a total of eight top-ten singles on the Billboard Country Songs chart. His most successful album to date is the debut of \"Some Gave All\", which has been certified 9\u00d7 multi-platinum in the United States and is the longest time spent by a debut artist at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 (17 consecutive weeks) and most consecutive chart-topping weeks in the SoundScan era. It is the only album (from any genre) in the SoundScan era to log 17 consecutive weeks at number one and is also the second-highest selling debut album by a male country artist after Garth Brooks'. It ranked 43 weeks in the top 10, a total topped by only one country album in history, \"Ropin' the Wind\" by Garth Brooks. \"Some Gave All\" was also the first debut album to enter at the number 1 in the Billboard Country Albums. The album has also sold more than 20 million copies worldwide and is the best-selling debut album of all time for a solo male artist. \" Some Gave All\" was also the best-selling album of 1992 in the US with 4,832,000 copies. In his career, he has released 35 charted singles, of which 16 have charted in the top 40.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "My Fair Lady (Broadway cast recording)", "paragraph_text": "The Broadway cast recording of the musical My Fair Lady was released as an album on April 2, 1956. The songs were composed by Frederick Loewe with lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and conducted by Franz Allers, while the cast included stars Julie Andrews and Rex Harrison. The album became a massive seller, topping the charts on the US \"Billboard\" 200 for fifteen weeks at different times in 1956 (eight consecutive weeks), 1957, 1958 and 1959. In the UK, upon its release in 1958, the album reached No.1 for 19 consecutive weeks and became the biggest-selling album of the year. The album was released on Columbia Records, whose President, Goddard Lieberson provided the $375,000 needed to stage the show in return for the rights to the Cast recording. The album was later re-issued on Compact disc in 1988 and has been re-released a number of times since. It is currently available with bonus tracks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Can't Touch It", "paragraph_text": "\"Can't Touch It\" is a song by Australian singer and songwriter Ricki-Lee Coulter. It was written by Coulter with Brian Kierulf and Joshua\u00a0M.\u00a0Schwartz of KNS Productions, who also produced the song. \"Can't Touch It\" was released as the lead single from Coulter's second studio album \"Brand New Day\" on 4 August 2007. Upon its release, \"Can't Touch It\" peaked at number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and number one on the ARIA Dance Singles Chart, where it remained for eight consecutive weeks. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of 70,000 copies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Feel Good Inc.", "paragraph_text": "\"Feel Good Inc\" is a song by British virtual band Gorillaz, featuring De La Soul. The song was released as the lead single from the band's second studio album \"Demon Days\" on 9 May 2005. The single peaked at No.\u00a02 in the United Kingdom and No.\u00a014 in the United States. It also topped the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in the U.S. for eight consecutive weeks, a first for the band. This is the only song in Damon Albarn's career to reach the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It peaked in the top 10 in 17 countries, reaching No.\u00a01 in Spain. The song was listed in Pitchfork Media and Rolling Stone's Best Songs of the 2000s. The song won Best Pop Collaboration at the 2006 Grammy Awards. This song has surpassed \"Clint Eastwood\" to be Gorillaz's most successful single worldwide. Popdose ranked it 26th on their list of 100 best songs of the decade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "I Don't Wanna Know", "paragraph_text": "\"I Don't Wanna Know\" is a song by American R&B artist Mario Winans, featuring a rap by P. Diddy, re-recorded background vocals by Enya and sampling the synthesizer riff from Enya's song \"Boadicea\". It reached number 1 in the United Kingdom and in Netherlands, and number 2 in the United States, stuck for eight consecutive weeks behind the Usher singles \"Yeah\" and \"Burn\", respectively. It remains Winans' only major success to date. As a result of its eight weeks at number 2, \"I Don't Wanna Know\" stands in joint fifth place for the most weeks at number 2 by a song which did not go to number 1, behind Foreigner's \"Waiting for a Girl Like You\", Missy Elliott's \"Work It\", Donna Lewis's \"I Love You Always Forever\" and Shania Twain's \"You're Still the One\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "U Know What's Up", "paragraph_text": "\"U Know What's Up\" is a 1999 hit song by singer-songwriter-producer Donell Jones' second studio album, \"Where I Wanna Be\". The song features Lisa Lopes of TLC. It reached number one on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart on November 13, 1999, and stayed at number one for eight consecutive weeks. It peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100, remaining there for two consecutive weeks. Outside the United States, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in the United Kingdom. The song was produced by Edward \"Eddie F\" Ferrell and Darren Lighty for Untouchables Entertainment. It is Jones's biggest hit to date. The song was co-written by Anthony Hamilton. The songs serves as the opening track on LaFace Records.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae625935542995703ce8b2a", "question_text": "Who founded gaming company which owns and operates the Red Rock Resort?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Frank Fertitta, Jr."]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Full Tilt Poker Championship at Red Rock", "paragraph_text": "Full Tilt Poker Championship at Red Rock (also FullTiltPoker.Net Championship at Red Rock) was a seven-week televised shootout poker tournament played at the Red Rock Resort Spa and Casino in Summerlin near Las Vegas, Nevada. The tournament was sponsored by online poker website Full Tilt Poker and aired by Fox Sports Net. In each of the first six episodes, six professional poker player affiliated with Full Tilt Poker played a single-table freezeout tournament. The winner of each freezeout won US$25,000 and advanced to the seven-handed final table. The seventh seat at the final table was filled by Stefan Rehn, an Internet qualifier. Tournaments featured a speed poker format, with players having 30 seconds to act on their hands with one 60-second time extension per match.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2012 Libertarian National Convention", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 United States Libertarian National Convention, in which delegates of the Libertarian Party (LP) chose the party's nominees for President of the United States and Vice President of the United States in the 2012 general election, was held May 2\u20136, 2012 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the Red Rock Resort Spa and Casino. Former Governor of New Mexico Gary Johnson won the presidential nomination on the first ballot. Retired California state court judge Jim Gray won the vice-presidential nomination, also on the first ballot. The convention also chose to replace most of the Libertarian National Committee party officers and members-at-large.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gametrak", "paragraph_text": "Gametrak is a brand of 3-dimensional game control systems based on position tracking, designed for home video game platforms such as video game consoles and personal computers. The first Gametrak was invented in 2000 by Elliott Myers, who developed and guided the Gamester video game peripheral range for Leda Media Products and later Radica Games. Myers founded gaming company In2Games around Gametrak in November 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Red Rock, Apache County, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Red Rock (also known as Red Valley) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. Red Rock is located on the Navajo Nation near the New Mexico border, 16 mi northeast of Lukachukai. Red Rock has a post office with ZIP code 86544; the post office uses the Red Valley name. As of the 2010 census, the Red Rock CDP had a population of 169.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Delta Corp Limited", "paragraph_text": "Delta Corp Limited, previously known as Arrow Webtex Ltd., is an Indian real estate, gaming and hospitality corporation that owns and operates casinos and hotels under several brands. The company was founded as Creole Holdings Company Pvt Ltd on 5 November 1990. It is the largest and only gaming and hospitality industry in India. Delta Corp is a public company listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE). It runs the majority of the offshore casinos on Panaji, Goa. It is the largest gaming company in India with a revenue of \u20b9INR 2.39 billion (2016). The company operates casinos in three Indian states: Goa, Daman and Sikkim.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "UFC Fight Night 6", "paragraph_text": "UFC Fight Night: Sanchez vs. Parisyan (also known as UFC Fight Night 6) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on August 17, 2006. The event took place at the Red Rock Resort Spa and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, and was broadcast live on Spike TV in the United States and Canada. It acted as a lead-in to the season four premiere of \"The Ultimate Fighter\". The two-hour broadcast of UFC Fight Night 6 on Spike TV drew a 1.5 overall rating. ", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Red Rock Casino, Resort &amp; Spa", "paragraph_text": "Red Rock Resort is a hotel and casino. It is owned and operated by Station Casinos on 70 acre located in Downtown Summerlin in the village of Summerlin Centre in Summerlin, Nevada. Located on Charleston Boulevard, at the interchange of Clark County 215 and some distance from the Las Vegas Strip, the resort is known as a locals casino. It is the flagship property of Station Casinos and the company's corporate headquarters is located on the property.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Station Casinos", "paragraph_text": "Station Casinos is a gaming company based in the Las Vegas suburb of Summerlin, Nevada, founded by Frank Fertitta, Jr. Station Casinos, along with Affinity Gaming, Boyd Gaming, and American Casino & Entertainment Properties, dominate the locals casino market in Las Vegas. The company purchased several sites that were gaming-entitled, meaning that major casinos can be built at that location without additional approvals. There are only a limited number of such sites available in the Las Vegas area. Station has also branched out into managing casinos that they do not own. Red Rock Resorts, Inc. () is a publicly traded holding company that owns a portion of Station Casinos.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Red Rock River (Montana)", "paragraph_text": "The Red Rock River is a roughly 70 mi river in southwestern Montana in the United States. Its drainage basin covers over 1548 mi2 . Its furthest tributary, Hell Roaring Creek, originates in the Beaverhead National Forest within a few hundred meters of the North American Continental Divide and Montana-Idaho border near Brower's Spring, at an elevation of about 9100 ft . Brower's Spring is near the furthest headwaters of the Missouri River, one of the major watercourses of the central United States. The drainage flows north and west with its name changing to \"Red Rock Creek\" into the Red Rock Lakes in the middle of a wide grassy valley; the Red Rock River issues from the west side of Lower Red Rock Lake. It flows west, receiving many tributaries such as Peet Creek and Long Creek, widening into the Lima Reservoir and then passing through a canyon, which ends near Lima, Montana. From there, it flows northwest through a valley, passing Kidd and Red Rock, and into Clark Canyon Reservoir. Under the waters of the lake was once the confluence of the Red Rock and Horse Prairie Creek, forming the Beaverhead River, a tributary of the Jefferson River, in turn a headwater of the Missouri River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 2)", "paragraph_text": "Season 2 of \"Hell's Kitchen\" was cast during November 2005, started on June 12, 2006 and concluded on August 14, 2006. The winner was Heather West. Her prize was the position of executive chef at the Red Rock Resort Spa and Casino in Las Vegas with a salary of $250,000, where she worked as chef at the Terra Rossa Restaurant.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5addd82c5542990dbb2f7eb9", "question_text": "Do Ray Wilson and Leo have the same nationality ?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Congo (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Congo\" was the first single from the Genesis album \"Calling All Stations\", released in September 1997. The single marked the debut of Ray Wilson as the lead vocalist for the band. It was a hit across Europe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Live and Acoustic (Ray Wilson album)", "paragraph_text": "Live and Acoustic is the first live CD release from Ray Wilson. It was originally released as \"Unplugged\" in late 2001 via his website, but was reissued in 2002 as \"Live and Acoustic\" by InsideOut Music. It was recorded in August 2001 during the Edinburgh Fringe Festival for which Ray played 13 sold out shows.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "John Marquez (actor)", "paragraph_text": "John Charles Marquez (born 5 June 1970) is a British actor and cinematographer, best known for his role as PC Joe Penhale in hit ITV drama series \"Doc Martin\" (2007\u2013present) and Ray Wilson in BBC One's drama \"In The Club\" (2014\u2013present).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "An Audience and Ray Wilson", "paragraph_text": "An Audience and Ray Wilson is a live acoustic album by Ray Wilson released in 2006 prior to his reforming of Stiltskin. The recording comes from a live performance given by Ray Wilson on 18 May 2003 in the Agnieszka Osiecka studio of Polish Radio in Warsaw. According to the information on the sleeve, Ray Wilson \"regards this performance as the best solo concert he has done to date. The concert is a fusion of stories, humour and music and is enjoyed by a very attentive and respectful Polish audience.\" The CD was made available exclusively through his website.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ray Wilson Live", "paragraph_text": "Ray Wilson Live is a live album from Ray Wilson. It was released in February 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Leo (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Jung Taek-woon (Hangul:\u00a0\uc815\ud0dd\uc6b4 , born on November 10, 1990), better known by his stage name Leo (Hangul:\u00a0\ub808\uc624 ), is a South Korean singer, songwriter and musical theatre actor, signed under Jellyfish Entertainment. Known for his high-pitched, sharp, and clear vocals, Leo debuted as a member of the South Korean boy group VIXX in May 2012, and began his acting career in 2014 in the musical \"Full House\" as Lee Young-jae. In 2015 he began his songwriting career, and with VIXX member Ravi formed VIXX's first official sub-unit VIXX LR.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ray Wilson (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Raymond Wilson (born 8 September 1968) is a Scottish musician, best known as vocalist in the post-grunge band Stiltskin, and in Genesis from 1996 to 1998.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Millionairhead", "paragraph_text": "Millionairhead is the only album by Cut_, a project led by Ray Wilson. It was Wilson's first release on which he took on the majority of the songwriting duties.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "She (Stiltskin album)", "paragraph_text": "She is the second album by the band Stiltskin now led by Ray Wilson. The project is sometimes known as Ray Wilson & Stiltskin. The music is a fusion of diverse influences including Daft Punk, Phil Lynott, Audioslave, Metallica, David Bowie and Radiohead.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Otis Wilson", "paragraph_text": "Otis Ray Wilson (born September 15, 1957) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears and the Los Angeles Raiders. He won a Super Bowl as a member of the 1985 Chicago Bears. He is also the father of former Cincinnati Bengals running back Quincy Wilson.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7180205542994082a3e856", "question_text": "The creator of \"Wallace and Gromit\" also created what animation comedy that matched animated zoo animals with a soundtrack of people talking about their homes? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Creature Comforts"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Exotic ungulate encephalopathy", "paragraph_text": "Exotic ungulate encephalopathy is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), or prion disease, identified in infected organs of zoo animals. This subgroup of the TSEs in captive animals was identified in zoo animals in Great Britain including species of greater kudu, nyala, gemsbok, the common eland, Arabian and Scimitar Oryx, an Ankole-Watusi cow, and an American bison. Studies indicate that transmission likely occurred via the consumption of feed supplemented with meat and bone meal, although some animals died after the British ban on ground offal in animal feed. All animals died during the 1990s, with the last death occurring in 1998.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Nick Park", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Wulstan \"Nick\" Park, CBE (born 6 December 1958) is an English director, writer and animator best known as the creator of \"Wallace and Gromit\" and \"Shaun the Sheep\". Park has been nominated for an Academy Award a total of six times, and won four with \"Creature Comforts\" (1989), \"The Wrong Trousers\" (1993), \"A Close Shave\" (1995), and \"\" (2005).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Wallace &amp; Gromit's Musical Marvels", "paragraph_text": "Wallace & Gromit's Musical Marvels (also known as Wallace & Gromit at the Proms) is the name of Prom 20 of the 2012 season of The BBC Proms, which features orchestral renditions of Julian Nott's theme from Wallace & Gromit and classical music set to scenes from the Wallace & Gromit films. Wallace is performed by Ben Whitehead, the actor who performed Wallace in the episodic adventure game series, Wallace & Gromit's Grand Adventures. Due to its popularity, it became a full touring show in 2013, premiering at The Plenary in Melbourne, Australia on 9 February 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Wallace &amp; Gromit in Project Zoo", "paragraph_text": "Wallace & Gromit in Project Zoo is a platform video game, the first featuring Aardman Animations' characters Wallace & Gromit. The game was developed by Frontier Developments for the PlayStation 2, Xbox (not compatible with Xbox 360), GameCube and Microsoft Windows. The game features the voice of Wallace, Peter Sallis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wallace and Gromit's World of Invention", "paragraph_text": "Wallace and Gromit's World of Invention is a science-themed miniseries featuring the animated claymation characters Wallace and Gromit, made by Aardman and aired on BBC One. The BBC said in a press statement that in the series, \"Wallace will take a light hearted and humorous look at the real-life inventors, contraptions, gadgets and inventions, with the silent help of Gromit. The series aims to inspire a whole new generation of innovative minds by showing them real, but mind-boggling, machines and inventions from around the world that have influenced his illustrious inventing career.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Wallace and Gromit", "paragraph_text": "Wallace and Gromit is a British clay animation comedy series created by Nick Park of Aardman Animations. The series consists of four short films and a feature-length film. The series centres on Wallace, a good-natured, eccentric, cheese-loving inventor, along with his companion Gromit, a silent yet loyal and intelligent anthropomorphic dog. Wallace was originally voiced by veteran actor Peter Sallis, but as of 2011, this role has been passed on to Ben Whitehead. Gromit remains silent, communicating only through means of facial expressions and body language.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Creature Comforts", "paragraph_text": "Creature Comforts is a stop motion clay animation comedy mockumentary franchise originating in a 1989 British humorous animated short film of the same name. The film matched animated zoo animals with a soundtrack of people talking about their homes, making it appear as if the animals were being interviewed about their living conditions. It was created by Nick Park and Aardman Animations. The film later became the basis of a series of television advertisements for the electricity boards in the United Kingdom, and in 2003, a television series in the same style was released. An American version of the series was also made.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Killing of Harambe", "paragraph_text": "On May 28, 2016, a three-year-old boy climbed into a gorilla enclosure at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden and was grabbed and dragged by Harambe, a 17-year-old Western lowland gorilla. Fearing for the boy's life, a zoo worker shot and killed Harambe. The incident was recorded on video and received broad international coverage and commentary, including controversy over the choice to kill Harambe. A number of primatologists and conservationists wrote later that the zoo had no other choice under the circumstances, and that it highlighted the danger of zoo animals in close proximity to humans and the need for better standards of care.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Zoo Parade", "paragraph_text": "Zoo Parade is an American television program broadcast from 1950 to 1957 that featured animals from the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago. The program's host was Marlin Perkins, the Zoo's director. Perkins went on to host the program \"Wild Kingdom\". Jim Wehmeyer has described the show: \"A precursor of sorts to the regularly featured animal segments on \"The Tonight Show\" and other late-night talk shows, \"Zoo Parade\" was a location-bound production (filmed in the reptile house basement) during which Perkins would present and describe the life and peculiarities of Lincoln Park Zoo animals.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tata Steel Zoological Park", "paragraph_text": "Tata Steel Zoological Park is situated in the corner most area of Jubilee Park. This zoo is known for its Safari Park, which enables tourists to drive through the wooden area, where animals roam freely. Tourists can also visit the Nature Education Centre in the zoo, which gives information about the zoo animals.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab7f7465542993667794071", "question_text": "What type of engine powered both the Saab 36 and the Avro Vulcan?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["British Bristol Olympus turbojet"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Saab 36", "paragraph_text": "The Saab 36 (also known as Projekt 1300) was a supersonic bomber planned by Saab during the 1950s. The aircraft was intended to be able to carry an 800\u00a0kg free-falling nuclear weapon, but the Swedish nuclear weapons program was cancelled in the 1960s; the plans for the bomber had been cancelled in 1957. The Saab 36 was to be fitted with delta wings, as was the Saab 35 Draken fighter. The engine was to be a version of the British Bristol Olympus turbojet, the same engine powering the Avro Vulcan jet bomber.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Avro Atlantic", "paragraph_text": "The Avro Atlantic (Avro 722) was a proposed civilian airliner version of the British Avro Vulcan medium jet bomber. It was a response to a 1952 UK Ministry of Supply requirement for a new aircraft suitable for both military and civilian long-range roles. Civilian models of the Vickers Valiant and Handley Page Victor V-bombers were also planned for the same contract. The Vickers V-1000 won the contest over the Atlantic, but ultimately none of these designs would be built.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Avro", "paragraph_text": "Avro was a British aircraft manufacturer founded in 1910 whose designs include the Avro 504 used as a trainer in the First World War, the Avro Lancaster, one of the pre-eminent bombers of the Second World War, and the delta wing Avro Vulcan, a stalwart of the Cold War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash", "paragraph_text": "The 1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash was a military aviation accident that occurred at Heathrow Airport on 1 October 1956 when Avro Vulcan B.1 \"XA897\" crashed whilst attempting to land at the airport in poor weather. The pilot and co-pilot ejected to safety but the remaining four crew were killed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Avro Vulcan XH558", "paragraph_text": "Avro Vulcan XH558 (military serial \"XH558\", civil aircraft registration \"G-VLCN\") \"The Spirit Of Great Britain\" was the last remaining airworthy example of the 134 Avro Vulcan jet powered delta winged strategic nuclear bomber aircraft operated by the Royal Air Force during the Cold War. It was the last Vulcan in military service, and the last to fly at all after 1986. It last flew on 28 October 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Roy Chadwick", "paragraph_text": "Roy Chadwick, CBE, FRSA, FRAeS (30 April 1893 \u2013 23 August 1947) was an aircraft design engineer for the Avro Company. Born at Marsh Hall Farm, Farnworth, the son of the mechanical engineer Charles Chadwick, he was the chief designer for Avro and was responsible for practically all of their aeroplane designs. He is famous in particular for designing the Avro Lancaster bomber, its follow-up Avro Lincoln and preliminary designs of the Avro Vulcan V bomber. He also converted the Lincoln into the much-used Shackleton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Stuart Davies (engineer)", "paragraph_text": "Stuart Duncan Davies CBE FEng FRAeS (5 December 1906 \u2013 22 January 1995) was a British aerospace engineer who was in charge of the design of the Avro Vulcan. He was also responsible for converting the unsuccessful two-engined Avro Manchester into the four-engined Avro Lancaster.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash", "paragraph_text": "The 1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash was a military aviation accident that occurred in England on 20 September 1958 during an air show at RAF Syerston, Nottinghamshire when a prototype Avro Vulcan bomber crashed. All four crew on board and three people on the ground were killed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Woodford Aerodrome", "paragraph_text": "Woodford Aerodrome or Manchester Woodford Aerodrome (ICAO: EGCD) is a former private airfield and aircraft factory located at Woodford, Greater Manchester. The site, which is 6 NM north of Macclesfield, Cheshire, England, was opened by the Avro company shortly after the First World War. It became an important production centre for military aircraft during the Second World War. Notable planes made at the factory include the Avro Anson, Avro Lancaster, Avro Shackleton and Avro Vulcan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Avro Vulcan", "paragraph_text": "The Avro Vulcan (later Hawker Siddeley Vulcan from July 1963) is a jet-powered tailless delta wing high-altitude strategic bomber, which was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) from 1956 until 1984. Aircraft manufacturer A.V. Roe and Company (Avro) designed the Vulcan in response to Specification B.35/46. Of the three V bombers produced, the Vulcan was considered the most technically advanced and hence the riskiest option. Several scale aircraft, designated Avro 707, were produced to test and refine the delta wing design principles.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8cc8c2554299441c6b9efc", "question_text": "When did the author of the book One More River is based on win the Nobel Prize?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1932"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish: \"Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin\" ), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine. It is one of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, in his will. Nobel was personally interested in experimental physiology and wanted to establish a prize for progress through scientific discoveries in laboratories. The Nobel Prize is presented to the recipient(s) at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death, along with a diploma and a certificate for the monetary award. The front side of the medal provides the same profile of Alfred Nobel as depicted on the medals for Physics, Chemistry, and Literature; its reverse side is unique to this medal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "One More River", "paragraph_text": "One More River is a 1934 American drama film directed by James Whale. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures and starred Colin Clive, Diana Wynyard and stage actress Mrs. Patrick Campbell in one of her very few films. The film marked Jane Wyatt's screen debut. It is based on a 1933 novel by John Galsworthy.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ada Yonath", "paragraph_text": "Ada E. Yonath (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u200e \u200e , ] ) (born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of the ribosome. She is the current director of the Helen and Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly of the Weizmann Institute of Science. In 2009, she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz for her studies on the structure and function of the ribosome, becoming the first Israeli woman to win the Nobel Prize out of ten Israeli Nobel laureates, the first woman from the Middle East to win a Nobel prize in the sciences, and the first woman in 45 years to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. However, she said herself that there was nothing special about a woman winning the Prize.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine", "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish: \"Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin\" ) is awarded annually by the Swedish Karolinska Institute to scientists and doctors in the various fields of physiology or medicine. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members and an executive secretary elected by the Karolinska Institute. While commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Medicine, Nobel specifically stated that the prize be awarded for \"physiology or medicine\" in his will. Because of this, the prize can be awarded in a broader range of fields. The first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded in 1901 to Emil Adolf von Behring, of Germany. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, von Behring received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2008. In 2013, the prize was awarded to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. S\u00fcdhof; they were recognised \"after discovering how cells precisely transport material\". The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Growth of the Soil", "paragraph_text": "Growth of the soil (Norwegian Markens Gr\u00f8de), is a novel by Knut Hamsun which won him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920. It follows the story of a man who settles and lives in rural Norway. First published in 1917, it has since been translated from Norwegian into languages such as English. The novel was written in the popular style of Norwegian new realism, a movement dominating the early 20th century. The novel exemplified Hamsun's aversion to modernity and inclination towards primitivism and the agrarian lifestyle. The novel employed literary techniques new to the time such as stream of consciousness. Hamsun tended to stress the relationship between his characters and the natural environment. Growth of the Soil portrays the protagonist (Isak) and his family as awed by modernity, yet at times, they come into conflict with it. The novel contains two sections entitled \"Book One\" and \"Book Two\". The first book focuses almost solely on the story of Isak and his family and the second book starts off by following the plight of Axel and ends mainly focusing on Isak's family.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "John Galsworthy", "paragraph_text": "John Galsworthy {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} ( ; 14 August 1867 \u2013 31 January 1933) was an English novelist and playwright. Notable works include \"The Forsyte Saga\" (1906\u20131921) and its sequels, \"A Modern Comedy\" and \"End of the Chapter\". He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nobel Prize in Physics", "paragraph_text": "The Nobel Prize in Physics (Swedish: \"Nobelpriset i fysik\" ) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "paragraph_text": "Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: \"Nobelpriset i litteratur\" ) has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced \"in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction\" (original Swedish: \"den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framst\u00e5ende verket i en idealisk riktning\"). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here \"work\" refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Danish Nobel laureates", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of Danish Nobel laureates. Since the Nobel Prize was established per the will of Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel in 1895, 12 of the prize winners have been from Denmark. The first Danish Nobel laureate was Niels Ryberg Finsen, who won a Nobel Prize for medicine in 1903 for his work in using light therapy to treat diseases. The most recent Danish Nobel Prize winner was Jens Skou who won the prize in chemistry for his discovery over the enzyme, Na+/K+-ATPase in 1997. To date, of the 13 Nobel Prizes won by Danish people, 5 have been for medicine, 3 have been for physics, 3 have been for literature, 1 has been for chemistry and one has been for peace.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Susumu Tonegawa", "paragraph_text": "Susumu Tonegawa (\u5229\u6839\u5ddd \u9032 \"Tonegawa Susumu\", born September 6, 1939) is a Japanese scientist who was the sole recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987, for his discovery of the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity. Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training and he again changed fields following his Nobel Prize win; he now studies neuroscience, examining the molecular, cellular and neuronal basis of memory formation and retrieval.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a81e8ea5542995ce29dcc73", "question_text": "Who played the role of Nettie Harris in the 1985 film directed by Steven Spielberg?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Akosua Gyamama Busia"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Goonies (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "The Goonies is a 1985 film produced by Steven Spielberg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Minority Report (film)", "paragraph_text": "Minority Report is a 2002 American neo-noir science fiction film directed by Steven Spielberg and loosely based on the short story of the same name by Philip K. Dick. It is set primarily in Washington, D.C., and Northern Virginia in the year 2054, where \"PreCrime\", a specialized police department, apprehends criminals based on foreknowledge provided by three psychics called \"precogs\". The cast includes Tom Cruise as Chief of PreCrime John Anderton, Colin Farrell as Department of Justice agent Danny Witwer, Samantha Morton as the senior precog Agatha, and Max von Sydow as Anderton's superior Lamar Burgess. The film combines elements of tech noir, whodunit, thriller and science fiction genres, as well as a traditional chase film, as the main protagonist is accused of a crime he has not committed and becomes a fugitive. Spielberg has characterized the story as \"fifty percent character and fifty percent very complicated storytelling with layers and layers of murder mystery and plot\". The film's central theme is the question of free will versus determinism. It examines whether free will can exist if the future is set and known in advance. Other themes include the role of preventive government in protecting its citizenry, the role of media in a future state where technological advancements make its presence nearly boundless, the potential legality of an infallible prosecutor, and Spielberg's repeated theme of broken families.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Color Purple (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Color Purple is a 1985 American period drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Menno Meyjes, based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name by Alice Walker. It was Spielberg's eighth film as a director, and was a change from the summer blockbusters for which he had become famous. The film was also the first feature-length film directed by Spielberg for which John Williams did not compose the music. The film starred Danny Glover, Desreta Jackson, Margaret Avery, Oprah Winfrey (in her film debut), Adolph Caesar, Rae Dawn Chong, and featured Whoopi Goldberg (also in her film debut) as Celie Harris-Johnson.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Taken (miniseries)", "paragraph_text": "Taken, also known as Steven Spielberg Presents Taken, is a science fiction miniseries which first aired on the Sci-Fi Channel in 2002. Filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, it was written by Leslie Bohem, and directed by Breck Eisner, F\u00e9lix Enr\u00edquez Alcal\u00e1, John Fawcett, Tobe Hooper, Jeremy Paul Kagan, Michael Katleman, Sergio Mimica-Gezzan, Bryan Spicer, Jeff Woolnough, and Thomas J. Wright. The executive producers were Leslie Bohem and Steven Spielberg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Matt Charman", "paragraph_text": "Matt Charman is a British screenwriter, playwright, and producer. He was nominated for an Academy Award for best original screenplay for his 2015 film \"Bridge of Spies\", directed by Steven Spielberg and co-written with Joel and Ethan Coen. Charman started out writing for theatre, making his breakthrough as writer-in-residence at London\u2019s National Theatre, where then director Nicholas Hytner described Charman as having \"a priceless nose for a story.\" He recently wrote the pilot episode of \"Oasis\", a sci-fi drama for Amazon Video adapting Michel Faber's \"The Book of Strange New Things\", and is working on a second movie for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Partners, based on Walter Cronkite\u2019s 1968 visit to Vietnam.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ren\u00e9e Elise Goldsberry", "paragraph_text": "Ren\u00e9e Elise Goldsberry (born January 2, 1971) is an American actress, singer and songwriter, known for originating the role of Angelica Schuyler Church in the Broadway musical \"Hamilton\", for which she won the 2016 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. Her other Broadway credits include Nettie Harris in the original Broadway cast of \"The Color Purple\", Mimi M\u00e1rquez in \"Rent\", and Nala in \"The Lion King\". She has portrayed many roles on television, including Geneva Pine on \"The Good Wife\", and Evangeline Williamson on \"One Life to Live\", for which she received two Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series nominations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Influence of Stanley Kubrick", "paragraph_text": "Stanley Kubrick is regarded by film critics and historians as one of the most influential directors of all time. Leading directors, including Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, James Cameron, Woody Allen, Terry Gilliam, the Coen Brothers, Ridley Scott, Paul Thomas Anderson, Christopher Nolan, David Lynch, and George A. Romero, have cited Kubrick as a source of inspiration, and in the case of Spielberg, collaboration. In an interview for the \"Eyes Wide Shut\" DVD release, Steven Spielberg comments that \"nobody could shoot a picture better in history\", and that Kubrick told stories in a way \"antithetical to the way we are accustomed to receiving stories\". Writing in the introduction to a recent edition of Michel Ciment's \"Kubrick\", film director Martin Scorsese notes most of Kubrick's films were misunderstood and under-appreciated when first released, only to be considered masterpieces later on.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Frank Marshall (producer)", "paragraph_text": "Frank Wilton Marshall (born September 13, 1946) is an American film producer and director, often working in collaboration with his wife, Kathleen Kennedy. With Kennedy and Steven Spielberg, he was one of the founders of Amblin Entertainment. In 1991, he founded, with Kennedy, The Kennedy/Marshall Company, a film production company which has a contract with DreamWorks. Since May 2012, with Kennedy taking on the role of President of Lucasfilm, Marshall has been Kennedy/Marshall's sole principal. Marshall has consistently collaborated with directors Steven Spielberg, Paul Greengrass and Peter Bogdanovich.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Rick Carter", "paragraph_text": "Rick Carter (born 1950) is an American production designer and art director. He is known for his work in the film \"Forrest Gump\", which earned him an Oscar nomination, as well as numerous nominations of other awards for his work in \"Amistad\" and \"A.I. Artificial Intelligence\". Other films include \"Cast Away\", \"War of the Worlds\", \"What Lies Beneath\", \"Jurassic Park\", \"Avatar\", and \"Back to the Future Part II\" and \"Part III\". Many of the films that he has worked on are directed by Steven Spielberg or Robert Zemeckis. For his part in the Art Direction of \"Avatar\", he was awarded the Academy Award for Best Production Design alongside Robert Stromberg and Kim Sinclair. In 2013, Carter won his second Academy Award, for production design on Steven Spielberg's biopic, \"Lincoln\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Akosua Busia", "paragraph_text": "Akosua Gyamama Busia (born 30 December 1966) is a Ghanaian actress, film director, author and songwriter who lives in the U.K. Busia is best known for her role as Nettie Harris in the 1985 film \"The Color Purple\" alongside Whoopi Goldberg.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7c49dc55429935c91b514f", "question_text": "The head of the Foreign Relations Department of the Rastriya Janashakti Party holds a degree that can be abbreviated MS, M.S., or ScM, in what field?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Engineering"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Master of Science", "paragraph_text": "A Master of Science (Latin: \"Magister Scientiae\" ; abbreviated MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., MSci, M.Sci., ScM, Sc.M., SciM or Sci.M.) is a master's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries, or a person holding such a degree. In contrast to the Master of Arts degree, the Master of Science degree is typically granted for studies in sciences, engineering, and medicine, and is usually for programs that are more focused on scientific and mathematical subjects; however, different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the humanities and social sciences. While it ultimately depends upon the specific program, earning a Master of Science degree typically includes writing a thesis.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rastriya Janashakti Mahila Sangh", "paragraph_text": "Rastriya Janashakti Mahila Sangh (Nepali: \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u091c\u0928\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0918 ) is a women's organisation in Nepal, politically aligned with the Rastriya Janashakti Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Rastriya Janashakti Party", "paragraph_text": "Rastriya Janashakti Party is a liberal political party in Nepal, led by former Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa. Thapa had split away from the Rastriya Prajatantra Party in November 2004. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal in March 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rastriya Janashakti Student Union", "paragraph_text": "Rastriya Janashakti Student Union is a students organisation in Nepal. It is the students wing of the Royalist Rashtriya Janashakti Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Politics in the San Francisco Bay Area", "paragraph_text": "Politics in the San Francisco Bay Area is widely regarded as one of the most liberal in the country. According to the California Secretary of State, the Democratic Party holds a voter registration advantage in every congressional district, state senate district, state assembly district, State Board of Equalization districts, all nine counties, and all but three of the 101 incorporated municipalities in the Bay Area. The Republican Party holds a voter registration advantage in one state assembly subdistrict (the portion of California's 4th State Assembly district in Solano county) and three cities, Atherton, Hillsborough, and Danville.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sikkim Janashakti Party", "paragraph_text": "Sikkim Janashakti Party (translation: Sikkim People's Power Party), was a political party in the Indian state of Sikkim. SJP was founded in 1997, when Tara Man Rai broke away from Sikkim Ekta Manch. Rai was the president of SJP. In January 1999 SJP merged with Indian National Congress.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "ITV (Thailand)", "paragraph_text": "iTV was a television station in Thailand owned by ITV Public Company Limited, a unit of Shin Corporation. Thailand's first UHF channel, the station was started in 1995 when the company was granted a 30-year concession by the Office of the Permanent Secretary to the Prime Minister's Office to operate a free-to-air television station in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) spectrum at 510-790 MHz (from Channel 26 to 60). After a lengthy dispute over unpaid concession fees to the Prime Minister's Office, iTV was taken in 2007 over by the government's Public Relations Department and its name was changed to Thai Independent Television (TITV). Following a previously unannounced order of Thailand's Public Relations Department delivered the same day, the station closed down operations at the crack of dawn on January 15th, 2008. In accordance with the Public Broadcasting Service Act, the channel's frequency was assigned to the Thai Public Broadcasting Service, or Thai PBS.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Gregory Weeks", "paragraph_text": "Gregory Weeks (born 1970) is a lecturer at the International Relations Department at Webster University in Vienna, Austria. He was the Head of the International Relations Department from 2005 until 2011. Weeks teaches and researches civil-military relations, genocide prevention, and twentieth century Austrian and German diplomatic and military history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Foreign relations of Finland", "paragraph_text": "The foreign relations of Finland are the responsibility of the President of Finland, who leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government. Implicitly the government is responsible for internal policy and decision making in the European Union. Within the government, preparative discussions are conducted in the government committee of foreign and security policy (\"ulko- ja turvallisuuspoliittinen ministerivaliokunta\"), which includes the Prime Minister and at least the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defence, and at most four other ministers as necessary. The committee meets with the President as necessary. Laws concerning foreign relations are discussed in the parliamentary committee of foreign relations (\"ulkoasiainvaliokunta, utrikesutskottet\"). The Ministry of Foreign Affairs implements the foreign policy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hari Bahadur Basnet", "paragraph_text": "Hari Bahadur Basnet is a Nepalese politician. He is the head of the Foreign Relations Department of the Rastriya Janashakti Party. Basnet holds a M.Sc. in Engineering.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7e910a554299306751357f", "question_text": "Who was the artist that recorded a duet in 1985 for the CBS TV series 'Dallas' with an artist that was born in 1951 and has twenty #1 hits?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Gary Morris"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Makin' Up for Lost Time (The Dallas Lovers' Song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Makin' Up for Lost Time (The Dallas Lovers' Song)\" is a song recorded as a duet by American country music artists Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris. \"Makin' Up for Lost Time\" was from the CBS TV series \"Dallas\". It was released in October 1985 as the first single from the album \"What If We Fall in Love? \". The song was the most successful country hit for the duo of Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the country chart. Morris wrote the song with Dave Loggins.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ronnie Milsap discography", "paragraph_text": "The discography of American country music singer Ronnie Milsap consists of 28 albums and 69 singles. Since releasing his first album in 1971, Milsap has had 40 #1 hits on the \"Billboard\" country chart and sold over 35 million albums. In addition, 26 of his U.S. #1 hits reached #1 on the \"RPM\" Top Country Tracks chart in Canada; three songs that did not reach #1 in the U.S. were #1 in Canada; and two of his U.S. #1 country hits also topped the U.S. adult contemporary chart. As of 2000, he has recorded 7 gold albums, 1 platinum album, and 1 double-platinum album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jacek Kawalec", "paragraph_text": "Jacek Kawalec (born 22 September 1961 in Warsaw) is a Polish actor, game show and television personality. He gained popularity as a host of one of the first American shows to be licensed and remade to be broadcast on Polish television - 'Randka w ciemno' (the format of The Dating Game). After he quit the show in 1998, due to a fire accident which was broadcast live, Kawalec became as a dubbing actor in animated motion pictures with leading roles in such hits as 'Gdzie jest Nemo?' (Finding Nemo) or 'Epoka lodowcowa' (Ice Age). Later on, he was offered a role in a popular TV series 'Ranczo' and his face became well known again in Poland, as he created a character of a local teacher of Polish literature.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hits (Phil Collins album)", "paragraph_text": "Hits (stylized as ...Hits), released in 1998 and again in 2008, following the success of \"In the Air Tonight\" on the Cadbury ad campaign, is the first greatest hits album by English singer-songwriter Phil Collins. The collection included fourteen Top 40 hits, including seven American number 1 songs, spanning from the albums \"Face Value\" (1981) through \"Dance into the Light\" (1996). One new Collins recording, a cover of Cyndi Lauper's \"True Colors\", also appeared on the collection and was a popular song on adult contemporary stations. \"Hits\" was also the first Phil Collins album to include four songs originally recorded for motion pictures (all of them U.S. number 1 hits) as well as his popular duet with Philip Bailey, \"Easy Lover\" (a UK number 1 hit).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Louis Jordan discography", "paragraph_text": "Louis Jordan was an American popular music innovator who recorded from the 1930s until the 1970s. During the 1940s, he was the most popular recording artist of the soon-to-be-called rhythm and blues music. Jordan had eighteen No. 1 hits, which places him as the third most successful singles artist in \"Billboard\" R&B charts history. His 1946 recording of \"Choo Choo Ch'Boogie\" is tied for first place for spending the most weeks (eighteen) at No. 1. Jordan's success was not limited to the R&B market \u2014 he also had No. 1 hits on the Billboard Pop and Country charts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Crystal Gayle", "paragraph_text": "Crystal Gayle (born Brenda Gail Webb; January 9, 1951) is an American country music singer. Best known for her 1977 country-pop crossover hit song, \"Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue\", she had twenty #1 country hits during the 1970s and 1980s (18 on \"Billboard\" and 2 on \"Cashbox\") and six albums certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. Gayle became the first female artist in country music history to reach platinum sales, with her 1977 album \"We Must Believe in Magic\". Also noted for her nearly floor-length hair, she was voted one of the 50 most beautiful people in the world by \"People\" magazine in 1983. She is the younger sister of the country singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn and the singer Peggy Sue and a distant cousin of singer Patty Loveless. Gayle is a member of the Grand Ole Opry and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, near Lynn's star.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Will Hanrahan", "paragraph_text": "William (Will) Hanrahan is a British television/radio producer and presenter best known for working on BBC programmes such as \"Watchdog\" and \"Good Morning\". Since 1994 he has headed an independent TV company which currently produces studio programming and documentaries for the BBC and Sky TV, A&E, Foxtel, CBS, Discovery and UKTV. He is a three-times Royal Television Society Award winner and his programmes are currently airing in over 70 countries. He has executive produced for both the BBC and ITV working with Alistair McGowan on the BBC Restoration project, and Chris Tarrant on the BBC Four History of the World in 100 objects series. He has recently executive produced a TV series with the renowned Italian criminologist, Massimo Picozzi, for the skyitalia series 'Segreti, Bugie e Omicidi, an Italian language documentary season which helped launch CI Italia. He is a law graduate with experience in consumer and legal programming. In 2013/14, Hanrahan also returned to radio presenting as a guest host on BBC Radio in 2014 and 2015. In 2017, his legal TV series 'The Jury Room' for CBS Reality also saw him present a six-part Podcast.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Brian Siewert", "paragraph_text": "Brian D. Siewert, alternatively credited with or without his middle initial, is an American public speaker, multiple Emmy-Award winning concert and television composer, producer, musician, arranger and visual artist. He has worked on \"The Guiding Light - CBS\" (1996\u20132009) as Principal Composer/Songwriter, \"As the World Turns - CBS\" (1995-2010) as Principal Composer/Songwriter and Supervising Music Producer, \"General Hospital\" - ABC (TV Series), \"The Oprah Winfrey Show (TV series)\", \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" (2003), \"Another World (TV series) - NBC\" (1995-1999),\"The Tyra Banks Show\" Syndicated, \"The Dr. Oz Show\" Syndicated, \"Sunset Beach (TV series) - NBC\" (1997-1998), \"eXtra (TV series) - Syndicated\", \"Access Hollywood (TV series) - Syndicated\", \"Street Smarts\", \"elimiDATE\", \"Celebrity Justice\", \"The Sharon Osbourne Show\", and \"The Real Gilligan's Island\". Siewert is the recipient of both ASCAP and BMI (Broadcast Music, Inc.) Awards for his work in Film/TV Music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lisa Angelle", "paragraph_text": "Lisa Angelle (New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American country music singer-songwriter. During the 1980s and 1990s, Angelle wrote songs for several country artists including Wynonna Judd, who reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1991 with \"I Saw the Light\", co-written by pop singer Andrew Gold. As a recording artist, Angelle released two singles with EMI America Records in 1985, but did not release an album until 2000 via DreamWorks Nashville. She also recorded the theme song for the CBS TV series \"Beauty and the Beast\", which aired 1987 to 1990.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Collingwood &amp; Co.", "paragraph_text": "Collingwood & Co. (formerly Collingwood O'Hare) is a TV animation studio based in London headed by writer/director Tony Collingwood. They were responsible for animated TV series 'Oscar's Orchestra', 'Dennis the Menace', 'Gordon the Garden Gnome', 'Yoko! Jakamoko! Toto!' and 'The Secret Show', among others.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abc0a5d5542993f40c73c64", "question_text": "Are Freakonomics and In the Realm of the Hackers both American documentaries?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Shayne Workman", "paragraph_text": "Shayne Workman (born December 5, 1978) is an American author, actor, theatre director and stage manager. His first work, ':A Journey to the Spirit Realm\", was published in late autumn 2014. It was later added to his anthology, \"The Spirit Realm: An Anthology of Fables From The Spirit Realm\". He has also penned, The Diary Of A Vagabond King, an inspiring true account of his personal experiences over the course of two years, where he was faced with impossible odds, and tragic losses. The royalties from the sale of the book will be going towards the creation and operation of the Blue Purity Fund created for aiding organizations with programs aimed at getting the nations homeless off the streets and back into being full members of society.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Heidi Ewing", "paragraph_text": "Heidi Ewing is a director, producer, and writer of documentary films. She and Rachel Grady founded Loki Films in 2001, and have collaborated on several documentaries together. She is best known as the co-director of \"Jesus Camp\", which was nominated for an Academy Award for best documentary in 2006. Next came\"12th & Delaware\" (HBO), which premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. The film \"casts a heart-rending light on the abortion divide\" (LA Times) and was honored with a Peabody Award. \"Detropia\", a poetic look at Ewing's home town, also won several awards, including Best Editing at Sundance 2012, Outstanding Direction and Outstanding Original Score, at the 2013 Cinema Eye Honors for Nonfiction Filmmaking and a News and Documentary Emmy for editing. \"Norman Lear: Just Another Version of You\" was the opening night selection of the 2016 Sundance Film Festival and premiered on PBS American Masters on October 25, 2016. Other films as a director include \"The Boys of Baraka\", \"Freakonomics\", and \"The Education of Mohammed Hussein\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Freakonomics Radio", "paragraph_text": "Freakonomics Radio is an American public radio program which discusses socioeconomic issues for a general audience. The show is a spin-off of the 2005 book \"Freakonomics\". Journalist Stephen Dubner hosts the show, with economist Steven Levitt as a regular guest. The show is also distributed as a podcast, and is among the most popular on iTunes. Created in September 2010, it is a weekly podcast. Twice a year, a series of one-hour \"Freakonomics Radio\" specials air on public-radio stations around the country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Psycho Realm", "paragraph_text": "The Psycho Realm is an American hip hop group started in 1989 by brown man & brothers Sick Jacken (Joaquin Gonzalez) and Big Duke (Gustavo Gonzalez) from the Downtown, Pico-Union area of Los Angeles. The first recorded Psycho Realm song, \"Scandalous,\" was released on the soundtrack of the film Mi Vida Loca in 1994. That same year B-Real of the rap group Cypress Hill saw Psycho Realm performing at Olvera Street for an End Barrio Warfare concert. Their performance inspired B-Real to the point that he wanted to join the group. With this time period being the height of Cypress Hill\u2019s career anything Cypress Hill related would get major publicity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Freakonomics (film)", "paragraph_text": "Freakonomics: The Movie is a 2010 American documentary film based on the 2005 book \"Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything\" by economist Steven D. Levitt and writer Stephen J. Dubner. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in April 2010 with a theatrical release later in the year. The film received a lukewarm reception and a 65% fresh rating at Rottentomatoes.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Peter W. Smith", "paragraph_text": "Peter W. Smith (February 23, 1936 \u2013 May 14, 2017) was an American investment banker from Chicago. He had a 40-year career managing corporate acquisitions and venture investments. He was active in Republican politics. In 1998 he was identified as a major financial supporter of the 1993 Troopergate story, in which several Arkansas state troopers accused U.S. President Bill Clinton of having carried out sexual dalliances while he was Governor of Arkansas. In 2017 he confirmed to the \"Wall Street Journal\" that he had tried in 2016 to contact computer hackers, including Russian hackers, in an attempt to obtain opposition research material to use against Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. Ten days after speaking to the paper, he committed suicide in a hotel room, citing ill health.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hackers (film)", "paragraph_text": "Hackers is a 1995 American crime film directed by Iain Softley and starring Jonny Lee Miller, Angelina Jolie, Renoly Santiago, Matthew Lillard, Jesse Bradford, Lorraine Bracco, and Fisher Stevens. The film follows a group of high school hackers and their involvement in a corporate extortion conspiracy. Made in the 1990s when the internet was unfamiliar to the general public, it reflects the ideals laid out in the Hacker Manifesto quoted in the film: \"This is our world now... the world of the electron and the switch [...] We exist without skin color, without nationality, without religious bias... and you call us criminals. [...] Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity.\" \"Hackers\" has achieved cult classic status.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "In the Realm of the Hackers", "paragraph_text": "In The Realm of the Hackers is a 2003 Australian documentary directed by Kevin Anderson about the prominent hacker community, centered in Melbourne, Australia in the late 1980s until early 1990. The storyline is centered on the Australian teenagers going by the hacker names \"Electron\" and \"Phoenix\", who were members of an elite computer hacking group called 'The Realm' and hacked into some of the most secure computer networks in the world, including those of the US Naval Research Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, a government lab charged with the security of the US nuclear stockpile, and NASA. The film runs for 55 minutes and was inspired by the book \"Underground\", by Melbourne-based writer and academic Suelette Dreyfus.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jay Leiderman", "paragraph_text": "Jason Scott \"Jay\" Leiderman (born April 12, 1971) is an American criminal defense lawyer based in Ventura, California. \" The Atlantic\" Magazine called Leiderman the \"Hacktivist\u2019s Advocate\" for his work defending hacker-activists accused of computer crimes, or so-called (\u201cHacktivism\u201d) especially people associated with Anonymous. Leiderman \"keeps an encrypted chat app open at all times so he can dispense ad hoc pro bono legal advice to members of Anonymous\" Buzzfeed called Leiderman \"The Maserati-Driving Deadhead Lawyer Who Stands Between Hackers And Prison\" and stated he was \"A medical marijuana and criminal defense lawyer from Southern California [who] has made himself into the country\u2019s leading defender of hackers.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Robin Goldstein", "paragraph_text": "Robin Goldstein is an American author, food and wine critic, and economics pundit. He is known for his books and articles questioning conventional wisdom and pricing in the food and wine industries, particularly a widely publicized expos\u00e9 of Wine Spectator magazine, and for his writing on the Freakonomics blog. He is author of several books, including \"The Wine Trials\" (the world's bestselling guide to cheap wine), \"The Beer Trials\", and an upcoming book tentatively entitled \"A Defense of Fast Food\". Goldstein was also one of the subjects of \"Think Like a Freak\", the 2014 book by \"Freakonomics\" authors Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner. He lives in Oakland, California.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a89432b554299669944a519", "question_text": "What was the code name of the campaign where Joe Foss received a Medal of Honor?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Operation Watchtower"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sioux Falls Regional Airport", "paragraph_text": "Sioux Falls Regional Airport (IATA: FSD,\u00a0ICAO: KFSD,\u00a0FAA LID: FSD) , also known as Joe Foss Field, is a public and military use airport owned by the Sioux Falls Regional Airport Authority and located three\u00a0nautical miles (6\u00a0km) northwest of the central business district of Sioux Falls, a city in Minnehaha County, South Dakota, United States. Named in honor of aviator Joe Foss, it serves the greater Sioux Falls area, as well as communities throughout eastern South Dakota, southwestern Minnesota and northwestern Iowa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Guadalcanal Campaign", "paragraph_text": "The Guadalcanal Campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower was a military campaign fought between 7 August 1942 and 9 February 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theater of World War II. It was the first major offensive by Allied forces against the Empire of Japan.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "114th Fighter Wing", "paragraph_text": "The 114th Fighter Wing (114 FW) is a unit of the South Dakota Air National Guard, stationed at Joe Foss Field Air National Guard Station, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Combat Command.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "175th Fighter Squadron", "paragraph_text": "The 175th Fighter Squadron is a unit of the South Dakota Air National Guard 's 114th Operations Group stationed at Joe Foss Field Air National Guard Station, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The 175th is equipped with the F-16C/D Fighting Falcon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "VMFA-115", "paragraph_text": "Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 115 (VMFA-115) is a United States Marine Corps F/A-18 Hornet squadron. Officially nicknamed the \"Silver Eagles\" and on occasion \"Joe's Jokers\" after their first commanding officer Major Joe Foss, the squadron is based at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 31 (MAG-31) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW). The squadron has seen combat during World War II, the Korean and Vietnam Wars and has deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom with a final deployment in 2008 to Al Asad Airbase in western Iraq. The Squadron radio callsign is \"\"Blade\"\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The American Sportsman", "paragraph_text": "The American Sportsman was an American television series from 1965 to 1986 on ABC which presented filmed highlights involving the program's hosts and celebrities participating in hunting and/or fishing trips along with outdoor recreational activities such as whitewater kayaking, hang gliding and free climbing. It was typically presented on Sunday afternoons, frequently following coverage of live sporting events. From 1965 to 1967, the program was hosted by former South Dakota Republican Governor, American Football League commissioner, and World War II hero Joe Foss; it was later hosted by Grits Gresham, an outdoorsman from Natchitoches, Louisiana, and long-time sports announcer Curt Gowdy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Karen Foss (feminist scholar)", "paragraph_text": "Karen Foss (born January 26, 1950) is a gender and rhetoric scholar, previous head of the Department of Communication and Journalism at the University of New Mexico, and former professor at the University of New Mexico and Humboldt State University in California. During Foss\u2019s journey as an undergraduate she was introduced to feminism and decided to pursue the intersectionality of feminism, communication, and rhetorical theory further. After Foss received her Ph.D. she put her passion into practice, teaching university students about feminist perspectives and how these perspectives impact society. Throughout Foss\u2019s career, she has published and contributed to over 70 scholarly works. In addition, Foss has received 11 honors for her numerous contributions and publications.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Joe Foss High School (Sioux Falls, South Dakota)", "paragraph_text": "Joe Foss High School is an alternative school located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. In September 2015, the original building was sold to a religious group for $600,000, and the classes were moved to the former building of Axtell Park Middle School. The high school is operated alongside multiple other at-risk programs in the building, such as programs for middle school students, and suspensions from other schools in the district.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Joe Foss", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Jacob \"Joe\" Foss (April 17, 1915 \u2013 January 1, 2003) was a United States Marine Corps major and the leading Marine fighter ace in World War II. He received the Medal of Honor in recognition of his role in air combat during the Guadalcanal Campaign.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Joe Foss Institute", "paragraph_text": "The Joe Foss Institute is a nonprofit organization in the United States that aims to promote an appreciation among students for the American tradition of liberty, the country's military history, and patriotic values. It was founded in 2001 by flying ace and politician Joe Foss, and is headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona. The institute lists its five values as \"freedom, patriotism, integrity, service, and character\", and targets its programs at military veterans, students, and teachers.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7db62d5542997cc2c4747c", "question_text": "What German state was Karl Julius Perleb born in?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Karl Julius Sillig", "paragraph_text": "Karl Julius Sillig (12 May 1801 \u2013 14 January 1855) was a German classics scholar, and pupil of Karl August B\u00f6ttiger. Sillig went on to edit many of B\u00f6ttiger's works after the latter's death in 1835. He also revised and edited the work of other scholars, such as Christian Gottlob Heyne. Heyne published an edition of the poem \"Culex\" from the \"Appendix Vergiliana\", a collection of verse often attributed at least in part to Virgil, and attempted to cull the lines he thought not genuinely produced by Virgil; an approach of which Sillig was highly critical when he revised Heyne's works.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Karl Julius Weber", "paragraph_text": "Karl Julius Weber (16 or 20 April 1767 Langenburg \u2013 19 July 1832 Kupferzell; also written Carl Julius Weber) was a German writer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Karl Ploetz", "paragraph_text": "Karl Julius Ploetz (8 July 1819 \u2013 6 February 1881) was a German author of scholarly works, most notably his \"Epitome of History\" published in the English language in 1883.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Karl von Kosertiz", "paragraph_text": "Karl Julius Christian Adalbert Heinrich Ferdinand von Koseritz, known simply as Karl von Koseritz (Dessau, 1834-Porto Alegre, 1890) was a German-Brazilian journalist, writer, teacher, playwright and politician. He fought in the First Schleswig War as a soldier, before moving to Brazil. After arriving in 1851, he established himself in Pelotas in the province of Rio Grande do Sul. He worked as a cook, painter and bookkeeper before becoming a journalist. In 1856 he married a Brazilian woman and changed his first name to Carlos. In 1886, already living in Porto Alegre, he became editor of \"A Reforma\", the Liberal Party's official newspaper, which headed the abolitionist campaign in the province. He continued a monarchist until his death, and was seen as an important person in the German colonies of Rio Grande do Sul", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Freiburg im Breisgau", "paragraph_text": "Freiburg im Breisgau (] ; Alemannic: \"Friburg im Brisgau\" [\u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0b\u0325\u0259\u0261\u030a] ; French: \"Fribourg-en-Brisgau\" ) is a city in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany with a population of about 220,000. In the south-west of the country, it straddles the Dreisam river, at the foot of the Schlossberg. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain. A famous old German university town, and archiepiscopal seat, Freiburg was incorporated in the early twelfth century and developed into a major commercial, intellectual, and ecclesiastical center of the upper Rhine region. The city is known for its medieval minster and Renaissance university, as well as for its high standard of living and advanced environmental practices. The city is situated in the heart of the major Baden wine-growing region and serves as the primary tourist entry point to the scenic beauty of the Black Forest. According to meteorological statistics, the city is the sunniest and warmest in Germany and held the all-time German temperature record of 40.2 \u00b0C from 2003 to 2015.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Karl Julius Perleb", "paragraph_text": "Karl Julius Perleb (20 June 1794, Konstanz \u2013 8 June 1845, Freiburg im Breisgau) (also known as Carl Julius Perleb) was a German botanist and natural scientist.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Fritz Odemar", "paragraph_text": "Fritz Odemar (13 January 1890 \u2013 6 June 1955) was a German film actor. He appeared in 152 films between 1927 and 1955. He was born in Hannover, Germany and died in Munich, Germany. Odemar's father was the actor Fritz Odemar Sr. (Karl Julius Friedrich Odemar; 1858\u20131926).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Heinrich Julius Holtzmann", "paragraph_text": "Heinrich Julius Holtzmann (7 May 1832 \u2013 4 August 1910), German Protestant theologian, son of theologian Karl Julius Holtzmann (1804\u20131877), was born at Karlsruhe, where his father ultimately became prelate and counsellor to the supreme consistory (Evangelischer Oberkirchenrat) of the Evangelical State Church in Baden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kurt Schwitters", "paragraph_text": "Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters (20 June 1887 \u2013 8 January 1948) was a German artist who was born in Hanover, Germany.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Henry Lange", "paragraph_text": "Karl Julius Heinrich Lange (13 April 1821 \u2013 30 April 1893) was a German cartographer.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a74af7e55429916b01641d2", "question_text": "Who was born first, Johan Leysen or George Clooney?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Johan Leysen"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Souvenir (2016 film)", "paragraph_text": "Souvenir is a 2016 romance film directed and co-written by Bavo Defurne. It stars Isabelle Huppert, K\u00e9vin Aza\u00efs, and Johan Leysen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Nick Clooney", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Joseph \"Nick\" Clooney (born January 13, 1934) is an American journalist, anchorman, and television host. He is the brother of singer Rosemary Clooney and the father of actor/director/producer George Clooney.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Ides of March (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Ides of March is a 2011 American political drama film directed by George Clooney from a screenplay written by Clooney, along with Grant Heslov and Beau Willimon. The film is an adaptation of Willimon's 2008 play \"Farragut North\". It stars Ryan Gosling, George Clooney, Evan Rachel Wood, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Marisa Tomei, Paul Giamatti, and Jeffrey Wright.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Doug Ross", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Douglas \"Doug\" Ross is a fictional character from the television series \"ER\", portrayed by George Clooney. George Clooney's removal from the main cast opening credits was in the 16th episode of season 5.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Good Night, and Good Luck", "paragraph_text": "Good Night, and Good Luck is a 2005 American historical drama film directed by George Clooney and starring David Strathairn, George Clooney, Robert Downey, Jr., Patricia Clarkson and Jeff Daniels. The movie was written by Clooney and Grant Heslov (both of whom also have acting roles in the film) and portrays the conflict between veteran radio and television journalist Edward R. Murrow and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, especially relating to the anti-Communist Senator's actions with the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Johan Leysen", "paragraph_text": "Johan Leysen (born 19 February 1950) is a Belgian actor. He has appeared in more than 130 films and television shows since 1977. He starred in the film \"De grens\", which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival. In 1998 he won the Golden Calf for Best Actor for his role in the movie \"Felice...Felice...\". In the 2010 film \"The American\", he appeared as Pavel, mysterious handler of Jack, the assassin character played by George Clooney.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Young &amp; Beautiful", "paragraph_text": "Young & Beautiful (French: Jeune & Jolie ) is a 2013 French drama film of adolescent sexuality directed by Fran\u00e7ois Ozon and produced by Eric and Nicolas Altmayer. The film stars Marine Vacth in the leading role of Isabelle, a teenage prostitute, and features supporting performances by Johan Leysen, G\u00e9raldine Pailhas, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Pierrot, and Charlotte Rampling. The film was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, and received praise from the film critics. It was shown at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "George Clooney", "paragraph_text": "George Timothy Clooney (born May 6, 1961) is an American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, activist, businessman, and philanthropist. He has received three Golden Globe Awards for his work as an actor and two Academy Awards, one for acting in \"Syriana\" (2006) and the other for co-producing \"Argo\" (2012).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Syriana", "paragraph_text": "Syriana is a 2005 American geopolitical thriller film written and directed by Stephen Gaghan, and executive produced by George Clooney, who also stars in the film with an ensemble cast. Gaghan's screenplay is loosely adapted from Robert Baer's memoir \"See No Evil\". The film focuses on petroleum politics and the global influence of the oil industry, whose political, economic, legal, and social effects are experienced by a Central Intelligence Agency operative (George Clooney), an energy analyst (Matt Damon), a Washington, D.C. attorney (Jeffrey Wright), and a young unemployed Pakistani migrant worker (Mazhar Munir) in an Arab state in the Persian Gulf. The film also features an extensive supporting cast including Amanda Peet, Tim Blake Nelson, Mark Strong, Alexander Siddig, Amr Waked, and Academy Award winners Christopher Plummer, Chris Cooper and William Hurt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Le Lit", "paragraph_text": "Le Lit is a 1982 drama film directed by Marion H\u00e4nsel and based on the 1960 novel of the same name by Dominique Rolin. The film starred Heinz Bennent, Natasha Parry, and Johan Leysen. \"Le Lit\" received the Andr\u00e9 Cavens Award for Best Film given by the Belgian Film Critics Association (UCC).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a760ab65542994ccc918697", "question_text": "Alfred Balk served as the secretary of the Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media under which United States Vice President?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Nelson Rockefeller"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gordon Johndroe", "paragraph_text": "Gordon Johndroe (born 1974) is vice president of Government Operations Communications at The Boeing Company. He was named to this position in November 2014 and is responsible for developing and implementing communications strategies associated with advocacy for the company\u2019s products and businesses, as well as issues management and outreach to the Washington, D.C. news media and related constituencies. Johndroe previously worked at Lockheed Martin from 2013-2014 as Vice President for Worldwide Media Relations. He served as chief spokesperson for the corporation, counsels senior leaders on media engagements and oversees Lockheed Martin\u2019s media relations campaigns and strategies. Prior to joining Lockheed Martin, he served as Deputy Assistant to President George W. Bush, Deputy Press Secretary and a spokesman for the United States National Security Council", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Alfred Balk", "paragraph_text": "Alfred Balk (July 24, 1930 \u2013 November 25, 2010) was an American reporter, nonfiction author and magazine editor who wrote groundbreaking articles about housing segregation, the Nation of Islam, the environment and Illinois politics. His refusal to identify a confidential source led to a landmark court case. During a career-long emphasis on media improvement, he served on the Twentieth Century Fund's task force that established a National News Council, consulted for several foundations, served as secretary of New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller's Committee on the Employment of Minority Groups in the News Media, and produced a film, \"That the People Shall Know: The Challenge of Journalism\", narrated by Walter Cronkite. He wrote and co-authored books on a variety of topics, ranging from the tax exempt status of religious organizations to globalization to the history of radio.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jim Lentz", "paragraph_text": "Jim Lentz is the chief executive officer for Toyota North America; president and chief operating officer of Toyota Motor North America, Inc. (TMA); and a senior managing officer of the parent company Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) which is located in Japan. In that role Lentz manages all of Toyota\u2019s North American affiliate companies which include TMA, Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. (TMS), and Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing, North America, Inc. (TEMA), which includes responsibilities for Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada Inc. (TMMC), and oversight for Toyota Canada, Inc. (TCI). Lentz also serves as the chairman of the North American Executive Committee. This is composed of the top leaders from the affiliate companies. Most recently Lentz was the president and chief executive officer of TMS and senior vice president of TMA and served in a global advisory capacity as the managing officer for TMC. Before that he served as president and chief operating officer and executive vice president of TMS. Lentz previously held several executive positions including Toyota division group vice president and general manager where he oversaw all sales, logistics and marketing activities for Toyota and Scion regional sales offices and distributors. He also served as the group vice president of marketing for the Toyota division and vice president of Scion, and was responsible for the initial launch of a new line of vehicles. Lentz spent several years in the field as vice president and general manager of the Los Angeles region and before that general manager of the San Francisco region. Prior to his role as general manager Lentz was vice president of marketing services for CAT in Maryland. He has also held several other TMS positions, including field training manager, sales administration manager and truck sales team member. Lentz joined Toyota in 1982 as the merchandising manager for its Portland, Oregon region where he later became the distribution manager and field operations manager. He serves as chairman on the board of directors of The Global Automakers and is also a member of the executive advisory board for Daniels College of Business at the University of Denver (DU), his alma mater. He was named \u201cMarketer of the Year\u201d by Advertising Age in 2006, an Automotive News \u201cAll Star\u201d in 2007 and honored at Industry Leader of the year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Robert Nyce", "paragraph_text": "Robert E. Nyce is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. A graduate of Northampton Area Senior High School, Northampton, PA and Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA for over twenty years he was a tax professional working at Lehigh Portland Cement Company, Allentown, PA from 1970 to 1973, Manager, Credit Taxes, Insurance and Payroll at Frick Company, Waynesboro, PA from 1973 to 1975, Senior Tax Accountant for Bethlehem Steel Corporation from 1975 to 1985 and Asst. Vice President, Taxes for Chrysler First, Inc., Allentown, PA from 1985 to 1990. He was a member of the Tax Executives Institute including Chairman of the State Tax Committee in the 1980s. During his private sector employment, Mr. Nyce was active in his community of East Allen Township. From 1979 to 1984 he served as a member and Chairman of the East Allen Township Municipal Authority and again from 2007 to 2013 as a member and Treasurer. From 2011 to 2013 Mr. Nyce negotiated and helped close the sale of the East Allen Township Municipal Authority's assets to The City of Bethlehem and the Bath Borough Municipal Authority thereby ensuring high quality service of water and sewer for the future for all residents of East Allen Township. From 1984 to 1990, Mr. Nyce served on the Northampton Area School District Board of Directors as member, Vice Chairman and Chairman. He also served on the Bethlehem Area Vocational Technical School Joint Operating Committee as member, Vice Chairman and Chairman. In both capacities, he was responsible for normal business operations and participated in union contract negotiations with staff. In 1990, Mr. Nyce ran for and was elected State Representative for the 138th PA House District encompassing parts of Northampton and Monroe Counties. During his three terms in the House of Representatives he served on several important committees: Education, Local Government, Fish and Game, Finance to name a few. In 1996 he ran for PA Auditor General in an unsuccessful bid to represent the people of PA as their financial watchdog. Following the campaign, he was hired as the Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Independent Regulatory Review Commission (IRRC). Mr. Nyce served for eight years in that capacity overseeing two major revisions to the Regulatory Review Act and many significant regulatory issues facing the residents of Pennsylvania. The PA IRRC reviews all regulations promulgated in PA and provides citizens an opportunity to comment on and affect those regulations prior to their promulgation by the state agency that authored the regulation. The two exceptions are the PA Fish and Boat Commission and the PA Game Commission which remain outside the regulatory review process. In 2005, Mr. Nyce retired from state government and now resides in Northampton County. He has been a member of the Free and Accepted Masons of PA since 1971 and the Rajah Shrine, Reading, PA since the mid-ninety's. Mr. Nyce is a past member of the Northampton Exchange Club. Mr. Nyce served in the U.S. Army from 1966 to 1969. Having completed his basic training at Fort Knox, Kentucky and Advanced Individual Training at Fort Lewis, Washington he was assigned to the 1st Battalion, 3rd Infantry Unit, \"The Old Guard\" at Arlington National Cemetery where he served for about two and one half years attaining the rank of Staff Sergeant, E-6 before taking an early release to return to Moravian College in September 1969. While serving at Arlington, SSG Nyce participated in former President Dwight D. Eisenhower's funeral, President Nixon's Inauguration and Robert F. Kennedy's Funeral.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Cynthia Hogan", "paragraph_text": "Cynthia C. Hogan (born Cincinnati, Ohio about 1958) is the Vice President for Public Policy and Government Affairs at Apple. Previously Hogan served as Senior Vice President of Public Policy and Government Affairs for the National Football League, and prior to that as the Counsel to the Vice President of the United States, Joe Biden, under President Barack Obama. Hogan previously worked as Chief Counsel to Vice President Biden during his time in the United States Senate and served as Staff Director of the Senate Judiciary Committee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission", "paragraph_text": "The Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission, or U.S.-Russian Joint Commission on Economic and Technological Cooperation, was a United States and Russian Joint Commission developed to increase cooperation between the two countries in several different areas. The Commission was developed by the United States\u2019 President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin at a summit in Vancouver in April 1993. Al Gore, the United States Vice President, and Victor Chernomyrdin, the Russian Prime Minister, were appointed as co-chairmen, and the committee derives its name from those two individuals. Before his appointment to the Commission, Chernomyrdin oversaw the Soviet national oil industry as minister from 1985-1989. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Chernomyrdin organized the Soviet oil industry into the Gazprom corporation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nelson Rockefeller", "paragraph_text": "Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 \u2013 January 26, 1979) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 41st Vice President of the United States from 1974 to 1977, and previously as the 49th Governor of New York (1959\u20131973). He also served as Assistant Secretary of State for American Republic Affairs for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman as well as Under Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare under Dwight D. Eisenhower. A member of the wealthy Rockefeller family, he was also a noted art collector, as well as administrator of Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "President pro tempore of the United States Senate", "paragraph_text": "The president pro tempore of the United States Senate ( or ), also president pro tem, is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate. of the United States Constitution provides that the Vice President of the United States is, despite not being a senator, the President of the Senate, and mandates that the Senate must choose a president \"pro tempore\" to act in the Vice President's absence. Unlike the vice president, the president pro tempore is an elected member of the Senate, able to speak or vote on any issue. Selected by the Senate at large, the president pro tempore has enjoyed many privileges and some limited powers. During the vice president's absence, the president pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions. In practice, neither the vice president nor the president pro tempore usually presides; instead, the duty of presiding officer is rotated among junior senators of the majority party to give them experience in parliamentary procedure.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Executive Order 10925", "paragraph_text": "Executive Order 10925, signed by President John F. Kennedy on March 6, 1961, required government contractors to \"take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.\" It established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), which was chaired by then Vice President Lyndon Johnson. Vice Chair and Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg was in charge of the Committee's operations. This first implementation of Affirmative Action was meant to give equal opportunities in the workforce to all U.S. citizens, not to give special treatment to those discriminated against.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gerald Ford", "paragraph_text": "Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913\u00a0\u2013 December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th President of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977, following the resignation of Richard Nixon. Prior to this he served eight months as the 40th Vice President of the United States, following the resignation of Spiro Agnew. He was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, and consequently the only person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected to executive office. Before his appointment to the vice presidency, Ford served 25 years as U.S. Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a84bb825542991dd0999dbe", "question_text": "Who beacme a star as a comic book character created by Gerry Conway and Bob Oksner?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Megalyn Echikunwoke"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Super-Hip", "paragraph_text": "Super-Hip is a fictional character that appeared in comic books published by DC Comics. He first appeared in \"The Adventures of Bob Hope\" #95 (October-November 1965), in a story written by Arnold Drake and drawn by Bob Oksner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bob Oksner", "paragraph_text": "Bob Oksner (October 14, 1916 in Paterson, New Jersey \u2013 February 18, 2007) was an American comics artist known for both adventure comic strips and for superhero and humor comic books, primarily at DC Comics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Amazing Spider-Man 129", "paragraph_text": "The Amazing Spider-Man #129, with its subtitle being \"The Punisher Strikes Twice!\" is an 19 page long single issue of the American comic book \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", published by Marvel Comics in 1974. It is well-known for being the first appearance of the character of The Punisher, who at that point was portrayed as an antagonist of Spider-Man but would later become one of Marvel's most popular and successful characters as well as the villain the Jackal who would go on to become one of Spider-Man's main adversaries and an integral part of the late 90s Spider-Man storyline the \"Clone Saga\". In modern day the issue is considered a milestone comic and is a sought after collectible with certain copies going for several thousands of dollars. It was written by Gerry Conway and drawn by artist Ross Andru with a cover by Gil Kane and John Romita, Sr. which has been homaged, copied and parodied multiple times.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Arrowverse", "paragraph_text": "The Arrowverse is a shared fictional universe that is centered on television series airing on The CW, developed by Greg Berlanti, Marc Guggenheim, Andrew Kreisberg, Phil Klemmer, and Geoff Johns, based on characters appearing in publications by DC Comics. The shared universe, much like the DC Universe in comic books or the cinematic DC Extended Universe, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters. The Arrowverse stars Stephen Amell as Oliver Queen / Green Arrow, Grant Gustin as Barry Allen / Flash, Megalyn Echikunwoke as Mari Jiwe McCabe / Vixen, with an ensemble cast leading \"Legends of Tomorrow\", including Arthur Darvill as Rip Hunter, Caity Lotz as Sara Lance / White Canary, Brandon Routh as Ray Palmer / Atom, Dominic Purcell as Mick Rory / Heat Wave, with Victor Garber and Franz Drameh as Martin Stein & Jefferson \"Jax\" Jackson / Firestorm. Russell Tovey stars as Ray Terrill / The Ray.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Centurions (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Centurions: Power Xtreme is a syndicated 30 minute American science fiction animated television series produced by Ruby-Spears and was animated in Japan by Sunrise. Comic book legends Jack Kirby and Gil Kane contributed to the design and concepts of the show. The series began in 1986 as a five-part miniseries and was followed with a 60 episode series. The series was story edited by Ted Pedersen and written by several authors, including prolific science fiction writers Michael Reaves, Marc Scott Zicree, Larry DiTillio and Gerry Conway. The series theme and soundtrack were composed by Udi Harpaz. There was also a line of tie-in toys by Kenner and a comic book series by DC Comics. The show revolves around the conflict between Doc Terror's cyborgs and the Centurions (a combination of hard-suit and a mecha).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Marley Davidson", "paragraph_text": "Marley Davidson (sometimes referred to as \"Marley Davidson: Bronx Exorcist\") is a fictional comic book character created by writer and comic book artist Sandy Jimenez. It made its first appearance on June 15, 1995 in the self-titled independent comic book \"Marley Davidson\", which chronicled the exploits of a Jamaican ex-priest, operating as an exorcist and monster hunter in New York City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Angel and the Ape", "paragraph_text": "Angel and the Ape was a humor comic book created by E. Nelson Bridwell published by DC Comics. The characters first appeared in 1968 in \"Showcase\" #77 then graduated to their own title, with art by comic artist Bob Oksner, most often inked by Wally Wood. The title lasted for seven issues, changing its name to \"Meet Angel\" for its final appearance.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Adventures of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis", "paragraph_text": "The Adventures of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis is the title of a celebrity comics comic book published by DC Comics featuring the popular team of comedians Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis. The series ran for 40 issues from 1952 through 1957, at which time the title was renamed because of the real life breakup of the team. The title was continued as \"The Adventures of Jerry Lewis\" thereafter for issues #41-124. The new series featured the comedian Jerry Lewis in a variety of humorous situations. Infrequent guest stars included Batman, Bob Hope, Lex Luthor, Superman, the Flash. and Wonder Woman, Notable artists who worked on the series include Bob Oksner and Neal Adams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Codename: Assassin", "paragraph_text": "Codename: Assassin is a fictional antihero, a comic book character published by DC Comics. He debuted in \"1st Issue Special\" #11, (February 1976), and was created by Gerry Conway, Steve Skeates and Nestor Redondo (credited as the Redondo Studio).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Vixen (comics)", "paragraph_text": "Vixen (Mari Jiwe McCabe) is a comic book character created by Gerry Conway and Bob Oksner. She first appeared in \"Action Comics\" #521 (July 1981), published by DC Comics.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7a77425542995eb53be83e", "question_text": "Who has released more solo albums, Nick Carter or Brady Seals?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Brady Seals"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Brady Seals", "paragraph_text": "Brady Seals (born March 29, 1969) is an American country music artist. He is the cousin of Jim Seals (of Seals & Crofts) and Dan Seals and Johnny Duncan, the nephew of Troy Seals, and the husband of former BNA Records recording artist Lisa Stewart. Seals made his debut in 1988 as co-lead vocalist and keyboardist in the sextet Little Texas, with whom he recorded until his departure in late 1994. Between then and 2002, he recorded as a solo singer, releasing three studio albums and charting in the Top 40 on the country charts with \"Another You, Another Me\". In 2002, Seals formed a quartet called Hot Apple Pie, in which he has recorded one studio album and charted three singles. A fourth solo album, \"Play Time\", was released in 2009 via Star City.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Thompson Street (album)", "paragraph_text": "Thompson Street is the third solo album by American country music singer Brady Seals. It was released in February 2003 via Image Entertainment. No singles were released from it, and after its release, Seals founded the band Hot Apple Pie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Brady Seals (album)", "paragraph_text": "Brady Seals is the self-titled second album by American country music singer Brady Seals. It is his second release independently of the band Little Texas, of which he was a member until 1995. The album includes the singlse \"I Fell\", \"Whole Lotta Hurt\" and \"The Best Is Yet to Come\". All three singles charted on the \"Billboard\" country charts, although they all missed Top 40.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nick Carter and Red Club", "paragraph_text": "Nick Carter and Red Club (French: \"Nick Carter et le tr\u00e8fle rouge\" ) is a 1965 French action film directed by . The film features the successful literary character Nick Carter and is based on a novel by Claude Rank. The film is a sequel to \"Nick Carter va tout casser\" (1964).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Another You, Another Me", "paragraph_text": "\"Another You, Another Me\" is a debut solo song recorded by American country music artist Brady Seals. It was released in September 1996 as the first single from the album \"The Truth\". The song reached #32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Seals' uncle, Troy Seals, along with Will Jennings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nick Carter va tout casser", "paragraph_text": "Nick Carter va tout casser is a French action film starring Eddie Constantine as Nick Carter. An English version was dubbed by Eddie Constantine dubbing himself. Constantine repeated his role in \"Nick Carter et le tr\u00e8fle rouge\" (1965). The film was titled License to Kill in the USA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "My Love (Little Texas song)", "paragraph_text": "\"My Love\" is a song recorded by the American country music band Little Texas. It was co-written by the band's keyboardist Brady Seals (who also sang lead vocals on it) and lead guitarist Porter Howell along with Tommy Barnes. It was released in January 1994 as the third single from the album, \"Big Time\". The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" country singles charts, becoming the band's only Number One country hit. The song features lead vocals from Brady Seals, then the band's keyboardist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nick Carter (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Nickolas Gene \"Nick\" Carter (born January 28, 1980) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and dancer. He is best known as a member of the pop group the Backstreet Boys. As of 2015, Carter has released three solo albums, \"Now or Never\", \"I'm Taking Off\" and \"All American\" during breaks between Backstreet Boys schedules, and a collaboration with Jordan Knight titled \"Nick & Knight\". He has made occasional television appearances and starred in his own reality shows, \"House of Carters\" and \"I (Heart) Nick Carter\". He gained fame in the mid 1990s and early 2000s as a teen idol. He is also the older brother of singer Aaron Carter and the late Leslie Carter.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nick Carter, Master Detective", "paragraph_text": "Nick Carter, Master Detective was a Mutual radio crime drama based on tales of the fictional private detective Nick Carter from Street & Smith's dime novels and pulp magazines. Nick Carter first came to radio as The Return of Nick Carter, a reference to the character's pulp origins, but the title was soon changed to Nick Carter, Master Detective. A veteran radio dramatist, Ferrin Fraser, wrote many of the scripts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Truth (Brady Seals album)", "paragraph_text": "The Truth is the debut studio album of American country music singer Brady Seals, and his first solo album after leaving the country band Little Texas. It was released on February 25, 1997 on Reprise Records. The album includes the singles \"Another You, Another Me\", \"Still Standing Tall\", and \"Natural Born Lovers\". Of these, only \"Another You, Another Me\" reached Top 40 on Hot Country Songs. Seals co-wrote all but two of the album's songs, and co-produced the album with Rodney Crowell.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade618e554299728e26c700", "question_text": "Both Tsai Ming-liang and Giacomo Gentilomo were involved with which profession?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["film director"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rebels of the Neon God", "paragraph_text": "Rebels of the Neon God () is a 1992 Taiwanese film by Tsai Ming-liang. It is his first full-length film. It tells two stories of Taipei youth. One details alienated buxiban student Hsiao Kang (Lee Kang-sheng) and his troubled interactions with his family. The other shows two petty hoods, Ah Tze and Ah Ping, along with Ah Kuei, Tze's erstwhile girlfriend. An idle act of violence brings the two groups into collision, and an act of revenge at the end completes the circle. It is a story of troubled youth, dissatisfaction, and the alienating effect of urban life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Journey to the West (2014 film)", "paragraph_text": "Journey to the West () is a 2014 French-Taiwanese film directed by Tsai Ming-liang. The title is inspired by the 16th century Chinese literary classic of the same name. It had its world premiere at the \"Panorama\" section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2014. It is an entry in Tsai's \"Walker series\" of films.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Giacomo Gentilomo", "paragraph_text": "Giacomo Gentilomo (5 April 1909 \u2013 16 April 2001) was an Italian film director and painter.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The River (1997 film)", "paragraph_text": "The River is a 1997 Taiwanese film directed by Tsai Ming-liang and starring Lee Kang-sheng, Miao Tien, and Lu Yi-ching. The plot centers on a family who has to deal with the son's neck pain. In 2003, a critic called it Tsai's \"bleakest film.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "What Time Is It There?", "paragraph_text": "What Time Is It There? (Chinese:\u300a\u4f60\u90a3\u908a\u5e7e\u9ede\u300b) is a 2001 film directed by Tsai Ming-liang. It stars Lee Kang-sheng, Chen Shiang-chyi, and Lu Yi-Ching.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tsai Ming-liang", "paragraph_text": "Tsai Ming-liang () (born 27 October 1957) is a Taiwanese filmmaker. He has written and directed 10 feature films and has also directed many short films and television films. Tsai is one of the most celebrated \"Second New Wave\" film directors of Taiwanese cinema. His films have been acclaimed worldwide and have won numerous film festival awards. Tsai is considered to be an auteur.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chen Chao-jung", "paragraph_text": "Chen Chao-jung () is a Taiwanese actor. He is most famous for starring in several of Tsai Ming-liang's films, including \"Rebels of the Neon God\" and \"Vive L'Amour\". He is also enormously popular in Taiwan as a TV actor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Face (2009 film)", "paragraph_text": "Face is a 2009 Taiwanese-French film written and directed by Tsai Ming-liang.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Skywalk Is Gone", "paragraph_text": "The Skywalk is Gone (Mandarin name: Tianqiao bu jian le) is a 2002 Taiwanese short film directed by Tsai Ming-liang and starring Chen Shiang-chyi and Lee Kang-sheng.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Vive L'Amour", "paragraph_text": "Vive L'Amour is a 1994 Taiwanese New Wave film by Tsai Ming-liang. It is Tsai's second feature film and premiered in the 51st Venice International Film Festival, where it won the prestigious Golden Lion. The film features striking images and sparse dialogue on urban alienation and loneliness, with three main characters unknowingly sharing an apartment in Taipei.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a73677455429901807db030", "question_text": "Of the companies that sponsor the British League Riders Championship, which is owned and operated by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Dunlop"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "British League Riders' Championship", "paragraph_text": "The British League Riders Championship was an individual motorcycle speedway contest between the top riders (or two riders) with the highest average from each club competing in the British League in the UK, or the top division of the league during the period when it had two or more divisions. Similar tournaments had been held before the formation of the British League in 1965, including the Provincial League Riders' Championship, open to riders from the Provincial League. The championship has been sponsored by Player's No 10, Skol, Leyland Cars, Gauntlet, Daily Mirror, TNT Sameday and Dunlop", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ray P. Dinsmore", "paragraph_text": "Ray P. Dinsmore was an internationally recognized rubber scientist, known for pioneering the use of rayon as a reinforcing material in auto tires. In 1928, Dinsmore patented the first water-emulsion synthetic rubber in the United States. The material later became a staple of the rubber industry during the World War II shortage of natural rubber. Dinsmore worked for the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and developed Chemigum, an early synthetic rubber. Dinsmore served as Chairman of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society in 1927. He received the 1947 Colwyn medal and was named the 1955 Charles Goodyear Medalist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations, S.A. v. Brown", "paragraph_text": "Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations, S. A. v. Brown, 564 U.S. 915 (2011) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the connection between Goodyear and its subsidiaries with the state of North Carolina was not strong enough to establish general personal jurisdiction over the companies. Two 13-year-old boys from North Carolina died as a result of a bus accident outside of Paris. The parents of the boys believed the accident was due to a defective tire manufactured by a foreign subsidiary of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and sued for damages in a North Carolina state court. The foreign subsidiaries asserted that the North Carolina courts lacked jurisdiction over them and moved to dismiss. The North Carolina trial court denied the motion and the North Carolina Court of Appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that the foreign subsidiaries lacked a significant connection to North Carolina to warrant general personal jurisdiction.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dunlop Tyres", "paragraph_text": "Dunlop is a brand of tyres owned by various companies around the world. Founded by pneumatic tyre pioneer John Boyd Dunlop in Birmingham, England in 1889, it is owned and operated by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In India the brand is owned by Dunlop India Ltd. whose parent company is the Ruia Group. In Asia (Japan, China, Indonesia, Thailand and Russia), Africa and Latin America (except Mexico) by Sumitomo Rubber Industries.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "British League Division Two Riders Championship", "paragraph_text": "The British League Division Two Riders Championship was a speedway contest between the top riders (or two riders) with the highest average points total from each club competing in the British League Division Two in the UK. The championship was inaugurated in 1968 when it was known as the British League Division Two Riders Championship. The competition was held at Hackney between 1968 and 1971, then it was moved to Wimbledon and held there between 1972 and 1984. The event was sponsored by Gauloises in 1976.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Kelly Springfield Tire Company", "paragraph_text": "The Kelly-Springfield Tire Company was an American manufacturer of tires for motor vehicles, it was founded in Springfield, Ohio by Edwin Kelly and Arthur Grant in 1894. It was acquired in 1935 by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, who maintained it as a subsidiary until 1999, when its was integrated into Goodyear North America. It continues today as a major brand under Goodyear.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Douglas Tires", "paragraph_text": "Douglas Tires are manufactured by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company for Walmart only. Goodyear and Walmart started Douglas tire in 1992. Douglas tires are in many ways comparable to Kelly tires. As a private label tire, they are less expensive than actual brand-name tires. The down side to Douglas tires are more likely to have manufacturer defects compared to a Goodyear.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Goodyear Inflatoplane", "paragraph_text": "The Goodyear Inflatoplane was an inflatable experimental aircraft made by the Goodyear Aircraft Company, a subsidiary of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, well known for the Goodyear blimp. Although it seemed an improbable project, the finished aircraft proved to be capable of meeting its design objectives, although its sponsor, the United States Army, ultimately cancelled the project when it could not find a \"valid military use for an aircraft that could be brought down by a well-aimed bow and arrow\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Frank Seiberling", "paragraph_text": "F.A. Seiberling (October 6, 1859 \u2013 August 11, 1955) was an American inventor and founder. He is most famous for co-founding the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in 1898 and the Seiberling Rubber Company in 1921. He also built Stan Hywet Hall, a Tudor Revival mansion, now a National Historic Landmark and historic house museum in Akron, Ohio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Provincial League Riders' Championship", "paragraph_text": "The Provincial League Riders Championship was a contest between the top riders (or two riders) with the highest average points total from each speedway club competing in the Provincial League in the UK, held in each year that the league existed - between 1960 and 1964. The competition was superseded by the British League Riders' Championship in 1965 when the Provincial League merged with the National League to form the British League.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7506f455429916b0164240", "question_text": "Connetquot High School  is a public high school in what city in New York?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Oakdale"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kempsville High School", "paragraph_text": "Kempsville High School is one of eleven public high schools in the Virginia Beach City Public Schools system. It is a comprehensive high school for students in grades 9-12. Located in the western section of the city, the Kempsville High School covers approximately 12 sq. miles, and draws students from both Kempsville Middle School and Larkspur Middle School. In the Fall of 2016, Kempsville High School will be home to the Virginia Beach City Public Schools newest academy program, The Entrepreneurship and Business Academy at Kempsville High School. Students from across the school division can apply to attend this new academy program. A normal school day at Kempsville High is organized into an A/B block schedule with four class periods. Semester courses earn one-half credit, and year courses earn one credit upon successful completion of the course. All students at Kempsville High School have the opportunity to earn dual enrollment credit through Tidewater Community College, attend the Governor\u2019s Magnet School for the Arts, attend the Technical and Career Education Center, attend the Advanced Technology Center, and the evening credit program at Renaissance Academy.The school mission statement is \u201cKempsville High School is committed to equipping students to be independent, responsible, academically proficient, technically and globally literate critical and creative thinkers.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Toms River High School North", "paragraph_text": "Toms River High School North is a four-year comprehensive public high school, and was the second public high school established in Toms River, in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Toms River Regional Schools. The school opened in 1969 when the original high school (now called Toms River High School South) was found to be too small to accommodate the fast-growing community. However, the first class to graduate wasn't until 1971, since all of the seniors were kept at TRHSS for the class of 1970. Toms River High School North is the largest of all schools in the Toms River Regional School district. The TRHSN mascot is the Mariner, and the school colors are navy blue and gold. The other high schools in the district are Toms River High School East and Toms River High School South.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Shaker Heights High School", "paragraph_text": "Shaker Heights High School is a public high school located in Shaker Heights, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. The high school is the only public high school in the Shaker Heights City School District, which serves Shaker Heights and a small part of Cleveland. Shaker Heights High School is an International Baccalaureate World School, the only public high school in Cuyahoga County to hold this accreditation and offer rigorous IB classes. It is consistently ranked among the top districts in the state for National Merit semifinalists.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Oakdale, New York", "paragraph_text": "Oakdale is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 7,974 at the 2010 census. Oakdale is in the Town of Islip.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Morris High School (Bronx)", "paragraph_text": "Morris High School was a high school in the borough of the Bronx in New York City. It was built in 1897. It was the first high school built in the Bronx. Originally named Peter Cooper High School, the name was changed to Morris High School to commemorate a famous Bronx landowner, Gouverneur Morris, one of the signers of the United States Constitution and credited as author of its Preamble. Morris High School was one of the original New York City Public High Schools created by the New York City school reform act of 1896. In 1983, the school and surrounding area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Morris High School Historic District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Oahu Interscholastic Association", "paragraph_text": "The Oahu Interscholastic Association (OIA) is an athletic conference composed of all public secondary schools on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. The OIA was first founded in 1940 as the Rural Oahu Interscholastic Association (ROIA). The five founding schools were Castle High School, Kahuku High School, Leilehua High School, Waialua High & Intermediate School and Waipahu High School. The OIA originally comprised all the rural schools on Oahu, which were all of the schools that were not situated in the main city of Honolulu. This changed however in 1970 with the addition of the five former public school members of the Interscholastic League of Honolulu - Farrington High School, Kaimuki High School, McKinley High School, Roosevelt High School and Kalani High School. After the public Honolulu schools joined, the league changed its identity from the ROIA to simply OIA to reflect the integration of all of the public high schools on the island.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Cherry Hill High School East", "paragraph_text": "Cherry Hill High School East (also known as Cherry Hill East or CHE) is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in Cherry Hill, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Cherry Hill Public Schools. The school opened in 1967 as the township's second high school; what then became known as Cherry Hill High School West was the first public high school in Cherry Hill. The first class graduated in June 1970, having started their freshman year in the Fall of 1966 in the West building doing split sessions until the East building was ready for occupancy in January 1967. The class of 1970 was the only class in the new building until the class of 1971 arrived in Fall 1967. By Fall 1969, the building housed all four grades. The school is one of three high schools in the district; the others are Cherry Hill High School West and Cherry Hill Alternative High School.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Harwich High School", "paragraph_text": "Harwich High School was a public high school located in Harwich, Massachusetts. Harwich High School was the third smallest public high school on Cape Cod. Harwich High School closed in 2013-2014 due to the towns of Harwich and Chatham deciding to regionalize their school districts and build a regional high school. The new high school's name will be Monomoy Regional High School.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nashua High School South", "paragraph_text": "Nashua High School South, formerly Nashua High School, is a public high school located in Nashua, New Hampshire. The school's current location was erected in 1975 with its first class graduating in June 1976. The school was remodeled between 2002 and 2004 when a second school, Nashua High School North, was built. The existing high school building was renamed Nashua High School South. The school serves approximately 2200 students, making it the largest public high school in New Hampshire, and the second largest high school overall, after the private Pinkerton Academy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Connetquot High School", "paragraph_text": "Connetquot High School (CHS) is a public high school serving students from the communities of Bohemia, Sayville, West Sayville, Oakdale and Ronkonkoma in the ninth through twelfth grades located in Bohemia, New York and is part of the Connetquot Central School District.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a808f3f5542992097ad2ffd", "question_text": "\"The Empire Builder\"'s Columbia River Subdivision was part of which line?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Great Northern Railway"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Pasco Intermodal Train Station", "paragraph_text": "Pasco Intermodal Train Station is a train station on the Amtrak's \"Empire Builder\" line in Pasco, Washington, USA. The station stop serves the Tri-Cities of Richland, Pasco, and Kennewick. The station and parking are owned by the City of Pasco. The track and platforms are owned by BNSF Railway. Greyhound Lines provides inter-city bus transport at the station. Pasco is also a change point for Amtrak engineers on the \"Empire Builder\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Castleton Subdivision", "paragraph_text": "The Castleton Subdivision is a railroad line owned and operated by CSX Transportation in the U.S. state of New York. The line runs from Schodack northwest to Selkirk along a former New York Central Railroad line. At its southeast end, it junctions with the Berkshire Subdivision and Schodack Subdivision. After crossing the Hudson River on the Alfred H. Smith Memorial Bridge, it meets the River Subdivision and Port Subdivision at Selkirk and ends at Selkirk Yard, where the Selkirk Subdivision begins.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Columbia River Subdivision", "paragraph_text": "The Columbia River Subdivision or Columbia River Sub is a railway line running about 167 mi from Wenatchee to Spokane, Washington. It is operated by BNSF Railway as part of their Northern Transcon. The original line (built in 1893) was built as part of James J. Hill's Great Northern Railway transcontinental railway line.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nashville Terminal Subdivision", "paragraph_text": "The Nashville Terminal Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. State of Tennessee. The Subdivision is broken up into 5 sections all in Nashville, Tennessee. The northern part of the Terminal is in Madison, Tennessee at milepost 000/0BA 174 on the southern end of the Ex-L&N Mainline Subdivision at Monfort. Disptach for the Mainline Sub is known as \"LD\" which is part of the Cincinnati Division. From here in Madison begins the double track that stays for another 22 miles south to Brentwood, Tennessee. At milepost 000/0BA/00H 176.6, the famous Johnny Cash \"Amqui\" location where the Ex-L&N Evansville, Indiana line, the Henderson Subdivision meets with the Terminal. Dispatch for the Henderson Sub is known as \"SA\" and operates on AAR58. There are two crossings near each other, Williams Ave and Nesbitt Lane at Amqui. From here the Terminal goes south about 2 miles to the Nashville National Cemetery to the first major location, known as Ekin, 000179, where there is a cross over track from number 1 to number 2 track (left to right track). There is also the first EDD (Defect Detector) at 000179.1. Few more miles southward, the next major location appears. At 000181.0, Maplewood is a major location for the Terminal. From here the regular Terminal goes south to swap crews at Kayne Ave, and the right side, Radnor Cutoff, detours the city and gives yard departures and arrivals direct access to and from Radnor yard to cities like Louisville and Chicago. The Cutoff runs from Maplewood to Shelby Park double track. From Shebly the track converges into one to pass the historic Shelby bridge, then it opens back to double track. From there, the cutoff hits the Intermediates at 0BA187.0 known as Chicken Pike. The Radnor Cutoff carries the L&N mainline classification of \"0BA\" but meets the main at the same milepost from the Terminal. At Chicken Pike, trains are staged to await arrival to Radnor yard. Once they get clearance, speed is decreased to 15, and at 0BA188.1 the EDD (Defect Detector) sounds for departures and arrivals. This location is known as North Radnor. The right track diverging from the #2 is known as A-1, it is for departure trains to Chattanooga and Atlanta. The left track which goes west from the #1 is known as A-2, and serves as a departure track to Memphis, and if the cutoff is out of service, all northbound departures. The interesting piece of Maplewood is the crossovers that are there to move trains from the Cutoff to the Main. Both lines remain double track for a while. The main runs south for 2 more miles until the Intermediate signals at 000183.0. Commonly trains will stop before Delmas Ave when Kayne Ave is at capacity and await dispatch permission before moving south. From here, the main continues south until the CR Cumberland River Swingbridge, where the main converges into a single track shortly to cross the bridge. At this point, trains had been running at track speed of around 40. From the drawbridge into town, speed is reduced to around 10. After the bridge is passed, the main returns to double track in downtown. On the #1 track about a half a mile south, another connecting track is present. This is the Wye track that connects the main with the Bruceton side, while rarely used for mainline trains, locals and river jobs use it. The location is known as 8th Avenue or 8th Avenue Wye. The main then runs down to Kayne Ave, the central hotbed of all Nashville thru traffic. The Memphis, Tennessee Ex-L&N Bruceton Subdivision meets with the Terminal. The Bruceton Sub begins at Church Street at 00N0.0. The line then runs single track until 00N0.7 \"11th Avenue\" where it turns into double track and also meets the aforementioned, Wye track. The Bruceton line then goes southwest a while to the next signals, at \"Shops\". Now speed has been increased. The line is still double track until \"Sellars\", where speed is increased to 40 and jurisdiction transferred to the SD Dispatcher. For a short time, 4 main tracks are present and an additional fifth track for switchers and yard movements. The tracks from left to right in Kayne Ave are as follows: 100, 99, 98, 12, 3. The Kayne Ave yard is also here in this area, which houses some frieght and some switcher engines. The tracks to the old shed are covered and removed. The Union Station is not an active station, but a historic hotel. Crew change usually occurs at the \"walkway\" which is under the Demombreun St bridge by the Kayne Ave Tower. This is also where the Ex-NC&StL Chattanooga Subdivision begins. Then tracks run south to Fogg St/South End where things get complicated. At milepost 000/0BA/00J187 the 98 track merges into the 12 track, making for 3 tracks now. There is a crossover from 99 to 12, also a crossover from 12 to 3. About 2/10ths of a mile down the 99 merges into the 12 track reducing the tracks back to the regular double. About 4/10ths of a mile down the line from Fogg St, 000187.4, Oak St, is a crossover track from #2 to #1 (the track names are no longer 3 and 12, but are back to regular names). When trains use this crossover northbound, such as Memphis bound trains from the A-2 line, they refer to it as \"Long Lead\". And now, the Terminal splits into two parts. The right side turns into a single track shortly, and will become the Chattanooga Subdivision, and the left side runs south to Brentwood. The right track runs single shortly until double track for a while. This begins part of the Chattanooga Sub or J-Line. The #2 meets with the A-2 connection track at 00J2.2 known as A-2. Speed is now increased to 40. Commonly northbounds will stage at 4th Ave on the #1 to await clearance. Now about a mile down the #1 meets the A-1 connection line. At 00J3.6 known as A-1. Further down the double track ends at Glencliff (00J4.9). Now it runs single for three miles until it hits Danley, which has the D Line connection track, which is an arrival track for incoming Radnor trains from the J Line. At Danley, the Terminal ends but the same dispatcher handles traffic, \"SC\". At Oak Street, our main terminal line goes south two miles to 000189.0 known as Criaghead or Vine Hill. There is a crossover here from #1 to #2 track. And there is also a connection/delivery track to the Nashville and Eastern Railroad which connects the Tennessee Central Railroad Museum to a major railroad. Trains sometimes stop on the #2 before Craighead if they are waiting to enter Radnor yard. Sometimes trains wait on the #1 at the Berry Road crossing if they await arrival to Kayne Ave. At this point, speed has been increased to 30 from 10. Moving south, the line hits Radnor Yard at 000192. The #2 track meets the E-Line arrival track which most Memphis trains and locals use. The B-Line which meets the #1 track is used for departures out of the C yard and local jobs. At Mayton, 000192.3, the B line meets the #1 track, and there is a crossover track from #2 to #1. Speed is now at 40. 2 miles south, at 000194.0, South Radnor, the next intersection is present. This is where the Radnor A yard meets the main. There is a single departure/arrival track that meets the #2 track along with a crossover from #1 to #2 track. Commonly, the #2 track south of the signals is used to halt trains. This location is known as TVA, because of the power station that is adjacent. From here the Terminal runs about 2.5 miles south until we hit the southern tip. The tracks converge onto one single main, at 000/0BA196.6 known as Brentwood. Speed is increased to 50 and jurisdiction to the S.E. dispatcher. The right track is the main, S&NA North, while the left track is the Nashville Subdivision which runs to Columbia and exchanges freight with the TSRR. The Nashville Terminal Subdivision is one of the busiest locations on the CSX network, and one of the most important.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Alleghany Subdivision", "paragraph_text": "The Alleghany Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia. It was formerly part of the CSX Huntington East Division. It become part of the CSX Florence Division on June 20, 2016. The line runs from Clifton Forge, Virginia to Hinton, West Virginia for a total of 78.6 miles. At its north end it continues south from the James River Subdivision and at its south end it continues south as the New River Subdivision.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Wishram station", "paragraph_text": "Wishram is a train station in Wishram, Washington served by Amtrak's \"Empire Builder\" line. The station consists of a platform adjacent to a modern, pre-fabricated building that contains BNSF offices. Although Wishram is one of the smallest communities served by Amtrak, it is an important gateway to the scenic recreational opportunities offered by the Columbia River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "James J. Hill", "paragraph_text": "James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 \u2013 May 29, 1916), was a Canadian-American railroad executive. He was the chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and Pacific Northwest. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as \"The Empire Builder.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "C&amp;M Subdivision", "paragraph_text": "The Chicago and Milwaukee Subdivision (commonly referred to as the C&M Subdivision or C&M Sub) is a railway line running between Chicago, Illinois and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is operated by Canadian Pacific Railway through its primary United States subsidiary, the Soo Line Railroad. This had previously been owned by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, commonly known as the Milwaukee Road. It carries Amtrak's \"Empire Builder\" and \"Hiawatha Service\", as well as commuter trains operated on part of Metra's Milwaukee District/North Line into Chicago. The Union Pacific Railroad operates their Milwaukee Subdivision, a former Chicago and North Western line, parallel to this route just to the east.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Swanson, Ontario", "paragraph_text": "Swanson is a settlement and unincorporated place in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District, northeastern Ontario, Canada. It lies at the south end of Esnagi Lake on the Magpie River where the Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental main line crosses the river, between the settlements of Ryerson on the line 14 km to the west and Franz, the junction of the CPR with the Algoma Central Railway, 9 km to the east. Canadian Pacific Railway has built, operates and maintains a signalled siding at Swanson as part of their White River Subdivision. The signals and switches at Swanson and other signalled siding locations on the White River Subdivision are under Centralized Traffic Control (CTC), a train control system operated by a Rail Traffic Controller situated in the Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters in Calgary, Alberta. Via Rail provides passenger train services with the Sudbury \u2013 White River train.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "East Junction Branch", "paragraph_text": "The East Junction Branch is a railroad line owned and operated by the Providence and Worcester Railroad in the U.S. state of Rhode Island and by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority in Massachusetts. The line runs from the P&W's East Providence Branch in East Providence, Rhode Island northeast to Amtrak's Shore Line (Northeast Corridor) at East Junction in Attleboro, Massachusetts along a former New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad line. In Massachusetts, CSX Transportation operates local freight service via trackage rights, which it also has on the Shore Line north towards Boston. The P&W has overhead trackage rights in Massachusetts over the East Junction Branch, Shore Line, and CSX's Middleboro Subdivision, New Bedford Subdivision, and Fall River Subdivision to the state line in Fall River, to reach its line to Newport, Rhode Island.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8cb288554299585d9e3726", "question_text": "The mass killing that took place at Oakland, California on April 2, 2012 was less deadly than the one that took place on October 1, 2015 in which state?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Oregon"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Gymnastics at the 2002 Asian Games", "paragraph_text": "Gymnastics was contested at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea. Artistic gymnastics took place from October 1 to October 5. Rhythmic gymnastics took place on October 8 and 9. All Gymnastics events took place at Sajik Gymnasium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Early-April 1957 tornado outbreak sequence", "paragraph_text": "The Early-April 1957 tornado outbreak sequence was a deadly tornado outbreak sequence that struck most of the Southern United States from April 2\u20135, 1957. The outbreak killed at least 21 people across three states and produced at least 72 tornadoes from Texas to Virginia. The outbreak was most notable due to a tornado that hit a densely populated area of the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metropolitan area, killing 10 people and injuring 200 or more. The tornado, highly visible for most of its path, was at the time the most observed and best-documented tornado in recorded history; hundreds of people photographed or filmed the F3 tornado as it moved just west of Downtown Dallas. The film of this tornado is still known for its unusually high quality and sharpness, considering the photography techniques and technology of the 1950s. Damage from the Dallas tornado reached as high as $4 million (1957 USD). Besides the famous Dallas tornado, other deadly tornadoes struck portions of Mississippi, Texas, and Oklahoma. Two F4 tornadoes struck southern Oklahoma on April 2, killing five people. Three other significant, F2-rated tornadoes that day killed two people in Texas and one more in Oklahoma. An F3 tornado struck rural Mississippi on April 4, killing one more person. In addition to confirmed tornadoes, a possible tornado hit Ballard County, Kentucky, on April 3, unroofing homes, destroying a drive-in theater, and uprooting trees. A loud roaring noise was heard. Two other brief tornadoes may have hit near Westlake and at Tallulah, Louisiana, late on April 4.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Oikos University shooting", "paragraph_text": "The Oikos University shooting occurred on April 2, 2012, when a gunman shot at people inside Oikos University, a Korean Christian college in Oakland, California, United States. Within a few hours, the number of reported fatalities reached seven. 43-year-old One L. Goh, a former student at the school, was taken into custody and identified as the suspect in the shootings. Along with the California State University, Fullerton massacre, this was the fourth-deadliest university shooting in United States history, after the Virginia Tech massacre, the University of Texas Clock Tower shooting, and the Umpqua Community College shooting, and the eighth-deadliest U.S. school massacre overall. It is also considered the deadliest mass killing in the city's history.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Tezno massacre", "paragraph_text": "The Tezno massacre (Croatian: \"Pokolj u Teznom\" ) was the mass killing of POWs of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) that took place in Tezno near Maribor, after the end of World War II in Yugoslavia. The killings were perpetrated by units of the Yugoslav Partisans in May 1945, following the Bleiburg repatriations. Summary executions began on 19 May when first prisoners arrived to the Tezno forest from nearby prison camps and continued until 26 May. Most of the bodies were buried in a several kilometers long antitank trench, which the Yugoslav authorities concealed and kept secret.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "1972 American League Championship Series", "paragraph_text": "The 1972 American League Championship Series took place between October 7 and 12, 1972. The Oakland Athletics (93\u201362 on the season) played the Detroit Tigers (86\u201370 on the season) for the right to go to the 1972 World Series, with the A's coming out on top in the five-game series, 3\u20132. Games 1 and 2 took place at the Oakland Coliseum, and 3 through 5 took place at Tiger Stadium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Los Cabos International Film Festival", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 2012 by Scott Cross, Sean Cross, Eduardo Sanchez-Navarro Redo, Alfonso Pasquel, Juan Gallardo Thurlow, Eduardo Sanchez-Navarro Rivera Torres, and Pablo Sanchez-Navarro, the Los Cabos International Film Festival is an international film festival that takes place annually in mid-November in Los Cabos, Mexico. The 2012 Los Cabos International Film Festival (formerly Baja International Film Festival) took place November 14\u201317 in Los Cabos, Mexico. The 2013 Los Cabos International Film Festival took place November 13\u201316 in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. The 2014 Los Cabos International Film Festival took place November 12\u201316, 2014 in Los Cabos, Mexico. The 2015 Los Cabos International Film Festival took place November 11\u201315, 2015 in Los Cabos, Mexico. The 2016 Los Cabos International Film Festival took place November 9\u201313, 2016 in Los Cabos, Mexico. The 2017 festival will take place November 8-12, 2017. Held in one of Mexico's premier resort destinations, the festival draws attendees and filmmakers from across Mexico, the United States and around the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ra\u010dak massacre", "paragraph_text": "The Ra\u010dak massacre ()) or Ra\u010dak operation (Serbian: \u0410\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043a/Akcija Ra\u010dak ) was the mass killing of 45 Kosovo Albanians that took place in the village of Ra\u010dak () in central Kosovo in January 1999. The killings were perpetrated by Serbian security forces. The Serbian government refused to let a war crimes prosecutor visit the site, and maintained that the casualties were all members of the rebel Kosovo Liberation Army killed in combat with state security forces.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Umpqua Community College shooting", "paragraph_text": "The Umpqua Community College shooting occurred on October 1, 2015, at the UCC campus near Roseburg, Oregon, United States. Chris Harper-Mercer, a 26-year-old enrolled at the school, fatally shot an assistant professor and eight students in a classroom. Seven to nine others were injured. Roseburg police detectives responding to the incident engaged Harper-Mercer in a brief shootout. After being wounded, he killed himself by shooting himself in the head. The mass shooting was the deadliest in Oregon's modern history.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "April 2007 Mosul massacre", "paragraph_text": "The 2007 Mosul massacre was a mass killing that took place on April 23, 2007 in Mosul, in northern Iraq. A bus carrying workers from the Mosul Textile Factory was hijacked by unidentified attackers. The attackers checked the passengers' identity cards, telling Muslims and Christians to get off the bus. They then drove the bus to eastern Mosul with 23 remaining passengers, all Yazidis, where the hostages were made to lie face down in front of a wall and shot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Robinson Ekspeditionen 2008", "paragraph_text": "Robinson Ekspeditionen 2008 (also known as Robinson: Fans vs. Paradise) was the eleventh season of the Danish versions of the Swedish show \"Expedition Robinson\". This season premiered on September 1, 2008 and aired until November 24, 2008. The main twist this season was that every contestant was either a fan of Robinson or was a former contestant on the show \"Paradise Hotel\". The fan tribe was called \"Tenga\", while the Paradise tribe was called \"Sembilang\". There were many additional twists this season, the first taking place in episode 1 when all of the contestants were made to take part in an elimination challenge. Mirja \u00d8stergaard lost the challenge and was immediately eliminated. The next twist took place in episode 2 when Jan Novaa, who had been voted out in episode one, returned to the game. The next twist took place in episode 3 when Emil Debski swapped tribes in order to even up the tribe numbers. In episode 4 a larger tribal swap took place in which Jan Novaa, Mads Jensen, and Michelle Jensen swapped from the Sembilang tribe to the Tenga tribe and Emil Debski, Hilde Austad, Martin Persson, Chiro \"Sido\" Kiarie swapped from the Tenga tribe to the Sembilang tribe. The next twist came in episode 5 when jokers Laila Neilsen and Nick Zitouni entered the game with Laila joining the Sembilang tribe and Nick joining the Tenga tribe. In episode 6 an individual challenge took place in which the winner would be allowed to eliminate a player from the opposing tribe. Haider Mohamad won the challenge and chose to eliminate Sheila Nymann. Immediately following the merge in episode 7, Haider won the same type of challenge and chose to eliminate Karina Strunge from the game. The next twist came in episode 10 when contestant Hilde Austad used the \"Talisman\" she had to void any votes cast against her in tribal council. This led to the elimination of Laila Neilsen who had the second most votes. When it came time for the final four, the remaining contestants competed in two challenges. The winners of these challenges would earn the right to eliminate one of the losers. Emil won the first challenge and chose to eliminate Martin and Daniela won the second challenge and chose to eliminate Emil. Ultimately, it was Daniela Hansen from Paradise Hotel 2006 who won the season over Robinson fan Hilde Austad by a tiebreaking cointoss after the jury vote ended in a 4-4 tie.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7f6fd75542992e7d278cfa", "question_text": "Which Canadian rock band released a song called \"Counterparts\" and had a drummer who was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Rush"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Neil Peart", "paragraph_text": "Neil Ellwood Peart, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} ( ; born September 12, 1952), is a Canadian-American musician and author, best known as the drummer and primary lyricist for the rock band Rush. Peart has received numerous awards for his musical performances, including an induction into the \"Modern Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 1983, making him the youngest person ever so honored. He is known for his technical proficiency and stamina.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ginger Baker", "paragraph_text": "Peter Edward \"Ginger\" Baker (born 19 August 1939) is an English drummer, best known as the founder of the rock band Cream. Baker's work in the 1960s earned him praise as \"rock's first superstar drummer\", although his individual style melded a jazz background with his interest in African rhythms. Baker is an inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Cream and is widely considered one of the most influential drummers of all time, recognised by his induction into the \"Modern Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 2008, and his induction into the Classic Drummer Hall of Fame in 2016. Baker is credited as a pioneer of drumming in genres like jazz fusion, heavy metal and world music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Stewart Copeland", "paragraph_text": "Stewart Armstrong Copeland (born July 16, 1952) is an American musician and composer, best known as the former drummer for the English rock band the Police, and for his film and video game soundtracks. Copeland has also written various pieces of music for ballet, opera and orchestra. According to MusicRadar, Copeland\u2019s \"distinctive drum sound and uniqueness of style has made him one of the most popular drummers to ever get behind a drumset\". He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Police in 2003, the \"Modern Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 2005, and the \"Classic Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 2013. In 2016, Copeland was ranked 10th on \"Rolling Stone\"' s \"100 Greatest Drummers of All Time\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nobody's Hero", "paragraph_text": "\"Nobody's Hero\" is a song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush, released as the third single from their 1993 album \"Counterparts\". The first stanza deals with the AIDS-related death of a homosexual man named Ellis, a friend of Neil Peart when Peart lived in London. After the chorus, the second stanza speaks of a girl who was murdered in Peart's hometown, Port Dalhousie. The girl is rumoured to have been Kristen French, one of Paul Bernardo's victims.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Keith Moon", "paragraph_text": "Keith John Moon (23 August 1946 \u00a0\u2013 7 September 1978) was an English drummer who played with the English rock band the Who. He was noted for his unique style and his eccentric, often self-destructive behaviour. His drumming continues to be praised by critics and musicians. He was posthumously inducted into the \"Modern Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 1982, becoming only the second rock drummer to be chosen, and in 2011, Moon was voted the second-greatest drummer in history by a \"Rolling Stone\" readers' poll.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mike Portnoy", "paragraph_text": "Michael Stephen Portnoy (born April 20, 1967) is an American drummer primarily known as the former drummer, backing vocalist, and a co-founder of the progressive metal/rock band Dream Theater. Known for his technical skill as a drummer, Portnoy has won 30 awards from the \"Modern Drummer\" magazine. He co-produced six Dream Theater albums with guitarist John Petrucci, starting from \"\" through \"Black Clouds and Silver Linings\". From \"A Change of Seasons\" onwards, Portnoy had been writing a significant amount of Dream Theater's lyrics. He is the second youngest person (after Neil Peart) to be inducted into the \"Modern Drummer's\" \"Hall of Fame\", at 37 years of age.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hollowick", "paragraph_text": "Hollowick is a Canadian rock band from Oshawa, formerly called Rides Again. It is composed of lead singer and guitarist Nathan Peyton, bassist and brother background vocalist Chad Peyton, lead guitarist Luke LeDoux, and drummer Frank Goerz. Their first full-length album, \"Into Existence\", was released as Rides Again on 2 October 2007. The first single, \"Wonder Why\", was produced by Gavin Brown (known for producing other Canadian bands including Billy Talent and Three Days Grace). Videos and singles followed for Infected and It's Too Late, which received play on MuchMoreMusic. \"Infected\" became a top 10 modern rock hit in Canada. The band has toured with Theory of a Deadman, Social Code, The Trews and Hedley, Yellowcard among others. A few years before \"Into the Existence\", Rides Again was known for their hit song \"Geeze Louise\", a pop rock song popular among young teens. The band was incorporated with Vodoo Records at this time, playing across southern Ontario. At this time the original drummer and cousin of Nathan and Chad, Bradley Christiansen, was in the band, but had left later on to pursue other career options. 2007 seemed to be the year for the striving Canadian band having their music videos published on Much Music, and Much More Music as well as radio stations across Canada. In mid-2009, Mike McElroy resigned as Rides Again drummer to pursue other importances. After Mike left they asked drummer and musician Kelly Voelkel to join the band, Kelly performed all of the drums and percussion on Hollowick's upcoming album. In July 2009 Kelly left to pursue more professional endeavours. Friend Anthony Moreino and former Rides Again merchandise guy filled in on drums for a short time for Hollowick, until new drummer Frank Goerz was found. With Goerz now behind the drum kit, there's a new level of explosive energy never felt before for Hollowick.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jeff Porcaro", "paragraph_text": "Jeffrey Thomas Porcaro (April 1, 1954 \u2013 August 5, 1992) was an American drummer, songwriter, and record producer. In a career that spanned more than 20 years, Porcaro was best known for his work with the rock band Toto. Porcaro is one of the most recorded session musicians in history, working on hundreds of albums and thousands of sessions. While already an established studio player in the 1970s, he came to prominence in the United States as the drummer on the Steely Dan album \"Katy Lied\". AllMusic has characterized him as \"arguably the most highly regarded studio drummer in rock from the mid-'70s to the early '90s\", further stating that \"It is no exaggeration to say that the sound of mainstream pop/rock drumming in the 1980s was, to a large extent, the sound of Jeff Porcaro.\" He was posthumously inducted into the \"Modern Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 1993.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Steve Smith (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Steven Bruce \"Steve\" Smith (born August 21, 1954) is an American drummer best known as a member of the rock band Journey, rejoining the group for the third time in 2015. \" Modern Drummer\" magazine readers have voted him the #1 All-Around Drummer five years in a row. In 2001, the publication named Smith one of the Top 25 Drummers of All Time, and in 2002 he was voted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Journey on April 7, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Carmine Appice", "paragraph_text": "Carmine Appice (born December 15, 1946) is an American drummer and percussionist most commonly associated with the rock genre of music. He has received classical music training, and was influenced early-on by the work of jazz drummers Buddy Rich and Gene Krupa. Appice is best known for his associations with Vanilla Fudge, Cactus, the power trio Beck, Bogert & Appice, Rod Stewart, King Kobra, and Blue Murder, which also featured John Sykes of Whitesnake and Thin Lizzy fame, and Tony Franklin of The Firm. He was inducted into the \"Classic Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 2013, and the \"Modern Drummer\" Hall of Fame in 2014.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f55f9554299458435d5bd", "question_text": "What profession did Willi Forst and Elmer Clifton share?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["actor"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Burgtheater (film)", "paragraph_text": "Burgtheater is a 1936 Austrian drama film directed by Willi Forst. Most of the film was shot in the Burgtheater in Vienna.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Willi Forst", "paragraph_text": "Willi Forst, born Wilhelm Anton Frohs (7 April 1903 \u2013 11 August 1980) was an Austrian actor, screenwriter, film director, film producer and singer. As a debonair actor he was a darling of the German-speaking film audiences, as a director, one of the most significant makers of the Viennese period musical melodramas and comedies of the 1930s known as \"Wiener Filme\". From the mid-1930s he also recorded many records, largely of sentimental Viennese songs, for the Odeon Records label owned by Carl Lindstr\u00f6m AG.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Viennese Girls", "paragraph_text": "Viennese Girls (German:Wiener M\u00e4deln) is a 1945 historical musical film directed by Willi Forst and starring Forst, Anton Edthofer and Judith Holzmeister. The film was made by Wien-Film, a Vienna-based company set up after Austria had been incorporated into Greater Germany following the 1938 Anschluss. It was the third film in Forst's \"Viennese Trilogy\" which also included \"Operetta\" (1940) and \"Vienna Blood\" (1942). The film was finished in 1945, during the closing days of the Second World War. This led to severe delays in its release, which eventually took place in 1949 in two separate versions. One was released by the Soviet-backed Sovexport in the Eastern Bloc and the other by Forst.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gently My Songs Entreat", "paragraph_text": "Gently My Songs Entreat (German: Leise flehen meine Lieder ) is a 1933 Austrian-German musical film directed by Willi Forst and starring Marta Eggerth, Luise Ullrich and Hans Jaray. Art direction was by Julius von Borsody. The film is a biopic of the composer Franz Schubert (1797\u20131828). It was Forst's directorial debut. A British version was made called \"Unfinished Symphony\". The German title refers to the first line of the Lied \"St\u00e4ndchen\" (Serenade) from Schubert's collection \"Schwanengesang\", \"the most famous serenade in the world\", which Eggerth performs in the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Prince of Arcadia", "paragraph_text": "The Prince of Arcadia (German: Der Prinz von Arkadien) is a 1932 Austrian-German romance film directed by Karl Hartl and starring Willi Forst, Liane Haid and Hedwig Bleibtreu. It premiered on 18 May 1932.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "A Student's Song of Heidelberg", "paragraph_text": "A Student's Song of Heidelberg (German:Ein Burschenlied aus Heidelberg) is a 1930 German musical film directed by Karl Hartl and starring Hans Brausewetter, Betty Bird and Willi Forst. It marked Hartl's directoral debut. The film is in the tradition of the nostalgic Old Heidelberg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Operetta (film)", "paragraph_text": "Operetta (German: Operette) is a 1940 musical film directed by Willi Forst and starring Forst, Maria Holst and Dora Komar. The film was made by Wien-Film, a Vienna-based company set up after Austria had been incorporated into Greater Germany following the 1938 Anschluss. It is the first film in director Willi Forst's \"Viennese Trilogy\" followed by \"Vienna Blood\" (1942) and \"Viennese Girls\" (1945). The film portrays the life of Franz Jauner (1832\u20131900), a leading musical figure in the city. It is both an operetta film and a Wiener Film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Elmer Clifton", "paragraph_text": "Elmer Clifton (March 14, 1890 \u2013 October 15, 1949) was an American writer, director and actor from the early silent days. A collaborator of D.W. Griffith, he appeared in \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1915) and \"Intolerance\" (1916) before giving up acting in 1917 to concentrate on work behind the camera, with Griffith and Joseph Henabery as his mentors. His first feature-length solo effort as a director was \"The Flame of Youth\" with Jack Mulhall.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kaiserj\u00e4ger (film)", "paragraph_text": "Kaiserj\u00e4ger is a 1956 Austrian film directed by Willi Forst.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Miracles Still Happen (1951 film)", "paragraph_text": "Miracles Still Happen (German: Es geschehen noch Wunder) is a 1951 West German romantic comedy film directed by Willi Forst and starring Forst, Hildegard Knef and Marianne Wischmann. It was intended by Forst as a more harmless follow-up to his controversial \"Die S\u00fcnderin\" which had also starred Knef.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8b128455429971feec463b", "question_text": "What city is the women's Vans Triple Crown of Surfing event hosted at?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["City and County of Honolulu"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Andy Irons", "paragraph_text": "Philip Andrew Irons (July 24, 1978November 2, 2010) was an American professional surfer. Irons learned to surf on the dangerous and shallow reefs of the North Shore in Kauai, Hawaii. Over the course of his professional career, he won three world titles (2002, 2003, 2004), three Quiksilver Pro France titles (2003, 2004, 2005), two Rip Curl Pro Search titles (2006 and 2007) and 20 elite tour victories including the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing four times from 2002-2006. On September 3, 2010 he won the Billabong Pro Teahupoo in Tahiti. He and his family hosted the Annual Irons Brothers Pinetrees Classic, a contest for youngsters. The Governor of Hawaii declared February 13 forever \"Andy Irons Day\". He is the only surfer to have won a title at every venue on the ASP calendar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dana Brown", "paragraph_text": "Dana Brown (born December 11, 1959 in Dana Point, California) is an American surfer and filmmaker, and is the oldest son of filmmaker Bruce Brown. His films include \"The Endless Summer Revisited\" (2000) which is made up of unused footage from \"The Endless Summer\" (1964) and \"The Endless Summer II\" (1994), as well as some original interviews with the stars of those films. His first all-original film was \"Step Into Liquid\" (2003) followed by a documentary on the Baja 1000 titled \"Dust to Glory\" (2005). In 2009, he debuted a new film called \"Highwater\" during the 100th anniversary of the Santa Monica Pier; the film follows life on the North Shore and the surfers who compete in the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing. In 2014, the movie \"On Any Sunday, The Next Chapter\" continues the saga of motocross documentaries which began with the 1972 Academy Award for Documentary Feature nominated film \"On Any Sunday\" (1971).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Reef Hawaiian Pro", "paragraph_text": "The Reef Hawaiian Pro is a surfing event held annually on the North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii. It is currently the first leg of the Triple Crown of Surfing. Surfers compete for a share of $135,000 (men) or $35,000 (women) prize money. Since it carries a 6-star rating, the event is critical for those who want to qualify for the ASP World Tour.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Triple Crown of Acting", "paragraph_text": "The Triple Crown of Acting is a term used in the American entertainment industry to describe actors who have won a competitive Academy Award, Emmy Award, and Tony Award in the acting categories. 23 people have achieved the triple crown of acting (14 women, 9 men). Helen Hayes' Emmy Award win on February 5, 1953, made her the first person to achieve the triple crown. Thomas Mitchell became the first man to achieve the triple crown with his Tony Award win later the same year on March 29, 1953. Hayes and Rita Moreno are the only triple crown winners in competitive acting categories who have also won a Grammy Award to complete the EGOT.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Triple Crown College Baseball League", "paragraph_text": "The Triple Crown College Baseball League (TCCBL) is a wood bat collegiate summer baseball league based in Fort Collins, Colorado. The TCCBL was founded in 2007 by Triple Crown Sports, a sports event marketing company also based out of Fort Collins, Colorado. Dave King, owner of Triple Crown Sports, was instrumental in founding the league. The league consists of players from all levels of collegiate baseball, from NCAA Division I to NAIA and Junior-college players. The 2009 edition of the league will consist of five teams, the Triple Crown Renegades, Colorado Khaos, Triple Crown Bandits, Triple Crown Bulldogs, and Colorado Aliens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Triple Crown of Surfing", "paragraph_text": "The Vans Triple Crown of Surfing is a Hawaiian specialty series of professional surfing events, offering three events to men and three events to women. For the men, those events are the Reef Hawaiian Pro at Haleiwa Ali'i Beach Park; the O'Neill World Cup of Surfing at Sunset Beach; and the Billabong Pipeline Masters at the Banzai Pipeline. The women's events are the Vans Hawaiian Pro at Haleiwa Ali'i Beach Park; the Roxy Pro at Sunset Beach; and the Billabong Pro Maui at Honolua Bay, Maui.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Haleiwa, Hawaii", "paragraph_text": "Hale\u02bb iwa is a North Shore community and census-designated place (CDP) in the Waialua District of the island of O\u02bb ahu, City and County of Honolulu.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Triple Crown Trophy", "paragraph_text": "The Triple Crown Trophy is a silver trophy awarded to the winner of the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing. The Triple Crown trophy has come to represent the pinnacle achievement in horseracing. Commissioned in 1950 by the Thoroughbred Racing Association, artisans at the world-famous Cartier Jewelry Company were charged with creating not just a trophy, but a true work of art. The result was a three-sided vase, each face equally representing the three jewels of the crown, intending to capture the spirit of horseracing's most sought after, and rarest, honor. The three sides are engraved with specific information from each of the three races; the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes and the Belmont Stakes. Upon completion of the first trophy it was awarded to the 1948 Triple Crown Winner Citation. Each year thereafter, retroactive trophies were presented to the first eight winners of the Triple Crown in reverse order until all of the previous winners or their heirs were awarded.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Offshore Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Offshore Festival was a camp-out rock and alternative music festival held during Easter at a farm near Torquay, Victoria, Australia from the late 1990s to 2001. It was run by the same organisers as the Falls Festival, held at nearby Lorne on New Year's Eve. It interlinked with the Rip Curl Pro surfing event, held at nearby Bells Beach, and festival ticketholders had free admission to the surfing event.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Andy Finch", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Joseph \"Andy\" Finch (born March 20, 1981) is an American snowboarder. His accomplishments include winning the overall U.S. Grand Prix Halfpipe Title in 2003 and 2004, taking first place in the Arctic Challenge in Norway in April 2004, winning the Vans Triple Crown in February 2004, winning the O\u2019Neill Snowboard Jam in January 2005, and finishing in second place in Northstar Resort\u2019s Vans Tahoe Cup. In addition, Finch competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics for the United States. He attended Bullard High School in Fresno, California.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abf30185542990832d3a13f", "question_text": " Lou Cutell appeared on the third episode of the ninth season of an CBS sitcom that was what number episode overall?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["187th"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lou Cutell", "paragraph_text": "Lou Cutell (born October 6, 1930) is an American movie and television actor. He portrayed the proctologist, Dr. Cooperman, in \"The Fusilli Jerry\" episode of the television series \"Seinfeld\" and Leo Funkhouser on \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\". Among cult movie fans, he is best known for his portrayal of Dr. Nadir in \"Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster\", and he can be briefly seen in \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" as Amazing Larry. In 1998, he also played a small role in \"The Odd Couple II\" as Abe, one of Oscar Madison (Walter Matthau)'s card-playing friends in Sarasota, Florida. Recently, he was a series regular on the NBC show, \"Betty White's Off Their Rockers\". In 2013, he appeared on the \"How I Met Your Mother\" episode \"Last Time in New York\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Coming Back (How I Met Your Mother)", "paragraph_text": "\"Coming Back\" is the second episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 186th episode overall.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Unpause", "paragraph_text": "\"Unpause\" is the fifteenth episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 199th episode overall. This is also the episode where Ted's future children's names are finally revealed; the daughter's name is Penny and the son is Luke.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Slapsgiving 3: Slappointment in Slapmarra", "paragraph_text": "\"Slapsgiving 3: Slappointment in Slapmarra \" is the fourteenth episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 198th episode overall. The episode's name is a reference to \"The Appointment in Samarra,\" a fable by W. Somerset Maugham based on an ancient Mesopotamian story about the inevitability of death.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "How Your Mother Met Me", "paragraph_text": "\"How Your Mother Met Me\" is the sixteenth episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" and the 200th episode overall. This is the only episode of the series in which the episode title was used instead of the usual opening that featured the cast and series's title.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "D\u00e6monicus", "paragraph_text": "\"D\u00e6monicus\" is the third episode of the ninth season of the American science fiction television series \"The X-Files\" and the show's 185th episode overall. It first premiered on the Fox network in the United States on December 2, 2001. The episode was written and directed by executive producer Frank Spotnitz. The episode is a \"monster-of-the-week\" episode, a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the mythology, or overarching fictional history, of \"The X-Files\". The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 5.5 and its premiere was viewed by 5.80 million households. The episode received mixed reviews from television critics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Locket (How I Met Your Mother)", "paragraph_text": "\"The Locket\" is the first episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 185th episode overall.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Last Time in New York", "paragraph_text": "\"Last Time in New York\" is the third episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 187th episode overall.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Vesuvius (How I Met Your Mother)", "paragraph_text": "\"Vesuvius\" is the nineteenth episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 203rd episode overall. The episode features Ted in 2024, telling the Mother about the day of Robin and Barney's wedding. The final scene prompted some to think that the Mother was dead; this was proven correct in the series finale, \"Last Forever\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Platonish", "paragraph_text": "\"Platonish\" is the ninth episode of the ninth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 193rd episode overall.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7e86245542991319bc94ce", "question_text": "Who was the New York City Fire Commissioner at the time of Providenza Panno's death?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Rhinelander Waldo"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rhinelander Waldo", "paragraph_text": "Rhinelander Waldo (May 24, 1877 \u2013 August 13, 1927) was appointed the seventh New York City Fire Commissioner by Mayor William Jay Gaynor on January 13, 1910. He resigned on May 23, 1911, less than two months after the deadly Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire to accept an appointment as the eighth New York City Police Commissioner. On December 31, 1913, he was dismissed by the outgoing acting mayor, Ardolph Kline. Among other achievements in office, Waldo contributed to the motorization of both departments.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Joseph E. Spinnato", "paragraph_text": "Joseph E. Spinnato (born October 24, 1938) was appointed Acting Fire Commissioner of the City of New York by Mayor Edward I. Koch on October 22, 1982 upon the resignation of Fire Commissioner Charles J. Hynes, and was appointed the 25th Fire Commissioner on February 17, 1983. He served in that position until his resignation on October 20, 1987. He continues to be active in public life and has held several governmental positions since.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Michael F. Walsh", "paragraph_text": "Michael F. Walsh (February 24, 1894, Brooklyn, Kings County, New York \u2013 July 22, 1956, Brooklyn, New York City) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician. His father, Patrick, who emigrated from Ballydine House near Cashel in Ireland's County Tipperary, was the first person to serve simultaneously as the Chief and Fire Commissioner of the New York City Fire Department.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Carlos M. Rivera", "paragraph_text": "Carlos M. Rivera (born 1934) is the first Hispanic commissioner in the New York City Fire Department's 127-year history. He was appointed the 27th Fire Commissioner of the City of New York by Mayor David N. Dinkins on January 1, 1990 and served in that position until his resignation on August 31, 1993.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire", "paragraph_text": "The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City on March 25, 1911 was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in US history. The fire caused the deaths of 146 garment workers \u2013 123 women and 23 men \u2013 who died from the fire, smoke inhalation, or falling or jumping to their deaths. Most of the victims were recent Italian and Jewish immigrant women aged 16 to 23; of the victims whose ages are known, the oldest victim was Providenza Panno at 43, and the youngest were 14-year-olds Kate Leone and \"Sara\" Rosaria Maltese.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Joseph Johnson (FDNY Commissioner)", "paragraph_text": "Joseph H. Johnson, Jr. (June 16, 1871 - March 7, 1942) was New York City Fire Commissioner from 1911 to 1913. He was chief of the New York City Transit Authority. By 1918 he was deputy New York City Comptroller. He served as chief of the New York Public Service Commission in 1921.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "New York City Fire Commissioner", "paragraph_text": "The New York City Fire Commissioner is the civilian administrator of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY), appointed by the Mayor of the City of New York. There have been 33 commissioners excluding Acting Fire Commissioners, and 38 including Acting Fire Commissioners. This is since Manhattan and the Bronx consolidated with Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island to form The City of New York in 1898. The current Fire Commissioner is Daniel A. Nigro, who has held the office since June 7, 2014. The term of office is January 1 to December 31 unless the commissioner is removed from office by the mayor, dies in office, or resigns.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Salvatore Cassano", "paragraph_text": "Salvatore Joseph \"Sal\" Cassano (born 22 January 1945) served as the 32nd New York City Fire Commissioner. His appointment by New York City Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg to succeed Nicholas Scoppetta was announced on 21 December 2009 and became effective on 1 January 2010. Cassano was sworn in on 11 January 2010. On May 9, 2014, Daniel A. Nigro was announced as Cassano's successor as commissioner of the FDNY, in June 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Howard Safir", "paragraph_text": "Howard Safir (born February 24, 1942) was New York City Fire Commissioner from 1994 to 1996 and New York City Police Commissioner from 1996 to 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Thomas Sturgis", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Sturgis (1846 - February 25, 1914) was appointed the second New York City Fire Commissioner by Mayor Seth Low on January 1, 1902 and served in that position until the end of the Low Administration on December 31, 1903. Prior to this he served as a fire commissioner under William Lafayette Strong, replacing Austin E. Ford.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5add3aaa5542992ae4cec500", "question_text": "What was the name of the country ran by the president who maintained the mercenary unit, White Legion? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Zaire"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The White Rose (Cook novel)", "paragraph_text": "The White Rose is the third novel in Glen Cook's ongoing series, The Black Company. The series combines elements of epic fantasy and dark fantasy as it follows an elite mercenary unit, The Black Company, through roughly forty years of its approximately four hundred year history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Dogs of War (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Dogs of War is a 1980 war film based upon the 1974 novel of the same name by Frederick Forsyth. Largely filmed in Belize, it was directed by John Irvin and starred Christopher Walken and Tom Berenger. In it a small mercenary unit of soldiers is privately hired to depose the president of a fictional African country so that a British tycoon can gain access to a platinum deposit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Daniel Wretstr\u00f6m", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Wretstr\u00f6m (October 15, 1983-December 9, 2000) was a Swedish ultra-nationalist murdered in Salem, Sweden. He played in the white power rock band Vit Legion (White Legion).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Black Company", "paragraph_text": "The Black Company is a series of dark fantasy book written by American author Glen Cook. The series combines elements of epic fantasy and dark fantasy as it follows an elite mercenary unit, The Black Company, through roughly forty years of its approximately four hundred-year history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Tomaso Schiavo", "paragraph_text": "Tomaso Schiavo or Thomaso Schiavo di Lebano (Italian: \"Tommaso Schiavo\" ; \"Thomas the Slav\"; 1470) was a Venetian Dalmatian captain and mercenary commander that participated in the Ottoman\u2013Venetian War (1463\u201379). He commanded a mercenary unit numbering 500 men largely recruited from Dalmatia. During the 1470 Ottoman siege of Venetian Negroponte the Venetians uncovered that he had sent envoys to the Ottomans; a deep conspiracy was unearthed and Schiavo's associates were arrested. His brother was tortured to death, giving up plans of an Ottoman attack. Schiavo, unknowing, was summoned by Erizzo and then killed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mobutu Sese Seko", "paragraph_text": "Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga ( ; born Joseph-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Mobutu; 14 October 1930 \u2013 7 September 1997) was the military dictator and President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which Mobutu renamed Zaire in 1971) from 1965 to 1997. He also served as Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity in 1967\u20131968.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "White Legion (Zaire)", "paragraph_text": "The White Legion was a mercenary unit during the First Congo War (1996\u201397) employed on the side of Zaire President Mobutu Sese Seko. This group of several hundred men, mostly from former Yugoslavia, was given the task of defending the city of Kisangani and training Zairian troops. This effort was largely unsuccessful and in mid-March 1997 the mercenaries left the country.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Soldiers Live", "paragraph_text": "Soldiers Live is the ninth novel in Glen Cook's ongoing series, The Black Company. The series combines elements of epic fantasy and dark fantasy as it follows an elite mercenary unit, The Black Company, through roughly forty years of its approximately four hundred year history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Star Fox", "paragraph_text": "Star Fox is a video game series created by Nintendo. The games follow an independent mercenary unit of anthropomorphic animals called Star Fox, led by chief protagonist Fox McCloud, and their adventures around the Lylat system. The original \"Star Fox\" (1993) was a forward-scrolling 3D rail shooter, though later titles added more directional freedom. The game's concept was inspired by a shrine to the fox deity Inari \u014ckami, which Shigeru Miyamoto visited regularly. The shrine was accessible through a series of arches, influencing the gameplay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Venom Snake", "paragraph_text": "Venom Snake (\u30f4\u30a7\u30ce\u30e0\u30fb\u30b9\u30cd\u30fc\u30af , Venomu Sun\u0113ku ) , also known as Punished Snake (\u30d1\u30cb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u30c9\u30fb\u30b9\u30cd\u30fc\u30af , Panishudo Sun\u0113ku ) , is the protagonist in the 2015 video game \"\". He is the leader of the mercenary unit Diamond Dogs who returns to the battlefield after waking up from a nine-year coma in an incident that also resulted in the loss of his left arm and a piece of shrapnel embedded into the right side of his forehead. Initially introduced as recurring \"Metal Gear\" prequel protagonist and series antagonist Big Boss, hints of his true identity gradually emerge throughout the course of the story until it is ultimately revealed that he is actually a former combat medic who underwent facial reconstruction and subliminal brainwashing to serve as Big Boss's body double. The character is voiced by Akio \u014ctsuka in the Japanese version and by Kiefer Sutherland in the English version.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab3c48755429969a97a81b8", "question_text": "What cuisine is described as a cultural blending of Mediterranean influences (such as those created by Italian and Spanish populations)?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Argentine cuisine"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Levantine cuisine", "paragraph_text": "Levantine cuisine is the traditional cuisine of the Levant, known in Arabic as the Bilad ash-Sham and Mashriq, which covers a large area of the Eastern Mediterranean. It continues to carry an influentially mainstream character in a majority of the dishes today. It is found in the modern states of Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Syria, and parts of southern Turkey near Adana, Gaziantep, and Antakya (the former Vilayet of Aleppo). In the broader family of Mediterranean cuisine, Cypriot cuisine also has strong Levantine influences.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Portuguese cuisine", "paragraph_text": "Despite being relatively restricted to an Atlantic sustenance, Portuguese cuisine has many Mediterranean influences. Portuguese cuisine is famous for seafood. The influence of Portugal's former colonial possessions is also notable, especially in the wide variety of spices used. These spices include \"piri piri\" (small, fiery chili peppers) and black pepper, as well as cinnamon, vanilla and saffron. Olive oil is one of the bases of Portuguese cuisine, which is used both for cooking and flavouring meals. Garlic is widely used, as are herbs, such as bay leaf and parsley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Argentine cuisine", "paragraph_text": "Argentine cuisine is described as a cultural blending of Mediterranean influences (such as those created by Italian and Spanish populations) with and very small inflows (mainly in border areas), Indigenous, within the wide scope of agricultural products that are abundant in the country. Argentine annual consumption of beef has averaged 100\u00a0kg (220\u00a0lbs) per capita, approaching 180\u00a0kg (396\u00a0lbs) per capita during the 19th century; consumption averaged 67.7\u00a0kg (149\u00a0lbs) in 2007. Beyond \"asado\" (the Argentine barbecue), no other dish more genuinely matches the national identity. Nevertheless, the country's vast area, and its cultural diversity, have led to a local cuisine of various dishes. The great immigratory waves consequently imprinted a large influence in the Argentine cuisine, after all Argentina was the second country in the world with the most immigrants with 6.6 million, only second to the United States with 27 million, and ahead of other immigratory receptor countries such as Canada, Brazil, Australia, etc.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of Portuguese dishes", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of Portuguese dishes and foods. Despite being relatively restricted to an Atlantic sustenance, Portuguese cuisine has many Mediterranean influences. Portuguese cuisine is famous for seafood. The influence of Portugal's former colonial possessions is also notable, especially in the wide variety of spices used. These spices include \"piri piri\" (small, fiery chili peppers) and black pepper, as well as cinnamon, vanilla and saffron. Olive oil is one of the bases of Portuguese cuisine, which is used both for cooking and flavouring meals. Garlic is widely used, as are herbs, such as bay leaf and parsley. Portuguese beverages are also included in this list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Croatian cuisine", "paragraph_text": "Croatian cuisine is heterogeneous and is known as a cuisine of the regions, since every region of Croatia has its own distinct culinary tradition. Its roots date back to ancient times. The differences in the selection of foodstuffs and forms of cooking are most notable between those in mainland and those in coastal regions. Mainland cuisine is more characterized by the earlier Slavic and the more recent contacts with neighboring cultures\u2014Hungarian and Turkish, using lard for cooking, and spices such as black pepper, paprika, and garlic. The coastal region bears the influences of the Greek and Roman cuisine, as well as of the later Mediterranean cuisine, in particular Italian (especially Venetian). Coastal cuisines use olive oil, and herbs and spices such as rosemary, sage, bay leaf, oregano, marjoram, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, and lemon and orange rind. Peasant cooking traditions are based on imaginative variations of several basic ingredients (cereals, dairy products, meat, fish, vegetables, nuts) and cooking procedures (stewing, grilling, roasting, baking), while bourgeois cuisine involves more complicated procedures and use of selected herbs and spices. Charcuterie is part of Croatian tradition in all regions. Food and recipes from other former Yugoslav countries are also popular in Croatia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Peruvian cuisine", "paragraph_text": "Peruvian cuisine reflects local practices and ingredients\u2014including influences from the indigenous population including the Inca and cuisines brought in with immigrants from Europe (Spanish cuisine, Italian cuisine, German cuisine), Asia (Chinese cuisine and Japanese cuisine) and West Africa. Without the familiar ingredients from their home countries, immigrants modified their traditional cuisines by using ingredients available in Peru. The four traditional staples of Peruvian cuisine are corn, potatoes and other tubers, Amaranthaceaes (quinoa, ka\u00f1iwa and kiwicha) and legumes (beans and lupins). Staples brought by the Spanish include rice, wheat and meats (beef, pork and chicken). Many traditional foods\u2014such as quinoa, kiwicha, chili peppers, and several roots and tubers have increased in popularity in recent decades, reflecting a revival of interest in native Peruvian foods and culinary techniques. Chef Gaston Acurio has become well known for raising awareness of local ingredients.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Floribbean cuisine", "paragraph_text": "Floribbean cuisine is found in varying forms in Florida restaurants and in the homes of many Floridians throughout the state. The essence of what makes a particular dish \"Floribbean\" is similar to that of certain other aspects of variable Floridian culture: it is influenced by visitors and immigrants from all over the world, but especially from the Caribbean (with notable influence from Haiti, the Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago), Cuba and Puerto Rico. In the case of southern Florida in particular, a subdivision called Latin-Floribbean or Hispano-Floribbean cuisine also borrows features of Latin American cuisine from such countries as Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic, adding more influences to the mix (along with the USA Common Wealth of Puerto Rico. To distinguish the Latin Caribbean style from the non-Latin Caribbean style, the terms Afro-Floribbean cuisine and Indo-Floribbean cuisine are sometimes used, as the majority of the Caribbean islands have substantial populations of African or Indian heritage, descendants of slaves or immigrants transported to the islands colonized by British, French, and Dutch settlers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Phuket cuisine", "paragraph_text": "In the past, Phuket was one of Thailand\u2019s commercial ports which traded with other countries. These cultural influences are reflected in the cuisine and local foods. Phuket cuisine and local food (Baba Peranakan food) is the combination of many cultural food habits, whether they be Chinese, Malay or Thai. Some Phuket local food tastes sweet, such as Chinese Hakka cuisine, but it can also be spicy, such as in Thai cuisine and Malay cuisine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tourism in Argentina", "paragraph_text": "Argentina is provided with a vast territory and a huge variety of climates and microclimates ranging from tundra and polar in the south to the tropical climate in the north, through a vast expanse of temperate climate and natural wonders like the Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the world outside the Himalayas, the widest river and estuary of the planet (the River Plate), the huge and very mighty Iguaz\u00fa Falls, some of the flattest and wide meadows-plains of planet Earth (as the Humid Pampas, a large ocean-sea coast in the Argentine Sea), culture, customs and gastronomies famous internationally, a higher degree of development (very high compared to other Latin American countries), good quality of life and people, and relatively well prepared infrastructure make this country one of the most visited of America.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Nicaraguan cuisine", "paragraph_text": "Nicaraguan cuisine includes a mixture of indigenous cuisine, Spanish cuisine and Creole cuisine. Despite the blending and incorporation of pre-Columbian and Spanish-influenced cuisine, traditional cuisine differs on the Pacific coast from the Caribbean coast. While the Pacific coast's main staple revolves around local fruits and corn, the Caribbean coast's cuisine makes use of seafood and coconut.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7625e8554299109176e66a", "question_text": "In which year was the King who made the 1925 Birthday Honours born?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1865"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "1951 Birthday Honours", "paragraph_text": "The King's Birthday Honours 1951 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the King, and were published on 1 June 1951 for the British Empire, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, and Pakistan. These were the last Birthday Honours awarded by George VI, who died eight months later.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Birthday Honours", "paragraph_text": "King's/Queen's Birthday Honours is, in some Commonwealth realms, the marking of the reigning monarch's official birthday by granting various individuals appointment into national or dynastic orders or the award of decorations and medals. The honours are presented by the monarch or a viceregal representative. New Year Honours and Birthday Honours are bestowed each year. All royal honours are published in the relevant gazette, and the daily newspapers of each realm.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2015 Birthday Honours", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 1 June 2015 in New Zealand, on 8 June in Australia, and on 12 June in the United Kingdom, in Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia and Belize.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "2013 Birthday Honours", "paragraph_text": "The 2013 Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 15 June 2013 in the United Kingdom, on 10 June 2013 in Australia on 3 June 2013 in New Zealand, on 15 June 2013 in Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia and Belize.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2016 Birthday Honours", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 Queen's Birthday Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 6 June 2016 in New Zealand and 10 June in the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "2014 Birthday Honours", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 14 June 2014 in the United Kingdom, on 9 June 2014 in Australia, on 2 June 2014 in New Zealand, on 14 June 2014 in Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia and Belize.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1925 Birthday Honours", "paragraph_text": "The 1925 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in \"The London Gazette\" on 3 June 1925.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "George V", "paragraph_text": "George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865\u00a0\u2013 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2017 Birthday Honours", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours are awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours for the United Kingdom were announced on 16 June; the honours for New Zealand were announced on 5 June and for Australia on 12 June.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "1965 Birthday Honours", "paragraph_text": "The Queen's Birthday Honours 1965 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen. The announcement date varies from year to year. The 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 12 June for the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Sierra Leone, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Malawi, and the Gambia.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adfc06d55429906c02daa2a", "question_text": "What is the name of the largest shipping facility in the Northeastern United States, where the Boston Red Socks play?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Port of Boston"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "HMHS Ebani", "paragraph_text": "HMHS \"Ebani\" was a hospital ship serving the Allied forces during World War I. \"Ebani\" was originally a cargo vessel owned by Elder Dempster, one of the United Kingdom's largest shipping companies. It was built in 1912 and was the second of its name. It had a tonnage of 4,862 tons.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Boston Harbor", "paragraph_text": "Boston Harbor is a natural harbor and estuary of Massachusetts Bay, and is located adjacent to the city of Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Port of Boston, a major shipping facility in the northeastern United States.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Transportation in Boston", "paragraph_text": "The Boston transportation system includes roadway, subway, regional rail, air, and sea options for passenger and freight transit in Boston, Massachusetts. The Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) operates the Port of Boston, which includes a container shipping facility in South Boston, and Logan International Airport, in East Boston. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) operates bus, subway, short distance rail, and water ferry passenger services throughout the city and region. Amtrak operates passenger rail service to and from major northeastern cities. A major bus terminal at South Station is served by varied intercity bus companies. The city is bisected by major highways I-90 and I-93, the intersection of which has undergone a major renovation, nicknamed the Big Dig.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "DFDS", "paragraph_text": "DFDS is Northern Europe's largest shipping and logistics company. The company's name is an abbreviation of Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab (literally \"The United Steamship Company\"). DFDS was founded in 1866, when C.F. Tietgen merged the three biggest Danish steamship companies of that day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Army United F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Army United Football Club (Thai: \u0e2a\u0e42\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e1f\u0e38\u0e15\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e21\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e22\u0e39\u0e44\u0e19\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e14 ) is a Thai football club based in the Din Daeng District of Bangkok. They play in the second division in Thai football, the Thai League 2. Their home stadium is known locally as the Thai Army Sports Stadium and more widely known around Asian circles as the Royal Thai Army Stadium of which has been host to numerous international youth matches due to its central Bangkok location. The club play in red shirts with red shorts and red socks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Congress Street Grounds", "paragraph_text": "Congress Street Grounds is a former baseball ground located in Boston, Massachusetts. The ballpark, as the name implies, was along Congress Street, near the intersection of Thompson Place, and not far from the Fort Point Channel on South Boston Flats, a newly filled in piece of land on Boston Harbor. The ground was home to the Boston Reds, that played in the Players' League in 1890 and the American Association in 1891.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Braves Field", "paragraph_text": "Braves Field was a baseball park in the Northeastern United States, located in Boston, Massachusetts. Today the site is home to Nickerson Field on the campus of Boston University. The stadium was home of the Boston Braves of the National League from 1915\u20131952, prior to the Braves' move to Milwaukee in 1953. The stadium hosted the 1936 Major League Baseball All-Star Game and Braves home games during the 1948 World Series. The Boston Red Sox used Braves Field for their home games in the 1915 and 1916 World Series since the stadium had a larger seating capacity than Fenway Park. Braves Field was the site of Babe Ruth's final season, playing for the Braves in 1935. From 1929 to 1932, the Boston Red Sox played select regular season games periodically at Braves Field. On May 1, 1926, Braves Field hosted the longest baseball game in history \u2013 26 Innings. The game ended in a 1\u20131 tie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "South Liverpool F.C.", "paragraph_text": "South Liverpool Football Club is a football club based in Liverpool, England, founded as a phoenix club of a club of the same name. They are currently members of the West Cheshire League Division One and play at Jericho Lane in Otterspool. The club's colours are white shirts, black shorts and red socks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "New Bedford Bay Sox", "paragraph_text": "The New Bedford Bay Sox are a baseball team that plays in the New England Collegiate Baseball League, a collegiate summer baseball league located in the northeastern United States region of New England. The team is located in New Bedford, Massachusetts. New Bedford's Paul Walsh Field serves as the home field of the Bay Sox. Th NECBL's players use wooden bats, as opposed to aluminum, and are college baseball players recruited from the top intercollegiate baseball programs in the United States. The franchise has appeared in league finals four times in their history, all as the Torrington Twisters (1997, 1998, 2003, 2006), and have twice played host to the NECBL All-Star Game as the Twisters (1998, 2008). Pat and Beth O'Connor, owners of Little Fenway and Little Wrigley joined the ownership team of the New Bedford Bay Sox in October, 2011, and signed a 3-year lease to play at Paul Walsh Field. In November 2011, former MLB player Rick Miller was announced as the 2012 Bay Sox manager. Miller was succeeded as manager prior to the 2015 season by Westport, MA native and former Boston Red Sox draft pick Kyle Fernandes. Fernandes has led the Bay Sox to back-to-back postseason appearances in his two seasons as manager, most recently losing in a three-game series to the eventual NECBL Champions the Mystic Schooners.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Newark Bay", "paragraph_text": "Newark Bay is a tidal bay at the confluence of the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers in northeastern New Jersey. It is home to the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, the largest container shipping facility in Port of New York and New Jersey, the third largest and one of the busiest in the United States. An estuary, it is periodically dredged to accommodate ocean-going ships.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a76641e5542992d0ec060d8", "question_text": "What American actress who died in 2011 starred in Fear Stalk?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Sada Thompson"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Elizabeth Rodriguez", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Rodriguez (born December 27, 1980) is an American actress. Rodriguez is best known for her role as Aleida Diaz in the Netflix comedy-drama series, \"Orange Is the New Black\" (2013\u2013present). She received a Tony Award nomination, and won an Outer Critics Circle Award and a Theatre World Award for her performance in Stephen Adly Guirgis' 2011 play, \"The Motherfucker with the Hat\". In 2015, she starred as a series regular on the first season of AMC's pre-apocalyptic drama series, \"Fear the Walking Dead\". She played a nurse working in a secret research facility in the 2017 film \"Logan\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sandra Bullock filmography", "paragraph_text": "Sandra Bullock is an American actress who made her film debut with a minor role in the 1987 thriller \"Hangmen\". She made her television debut in the television film \"Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman\" (1989) and played the lead role in the short-lived sitcom \"Working Girl\" (1990) before making her breakthrough starring in the action film \"Speed\" (1994). She starred with Sylvester Stallone in \"Demolition Man\" (1994). Bullock founded her own production company, Fortis Films, and starred in the romantic comedy \"While You Were Sleeping\" in 1995. Her performance in the film earned her first nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress\u00a0\u2013 Motion Picture Comedy or Musical. The following year, Bullock starred with Matthew McConaughey in the film adaptation of John Grisham's novel \"A Time to Kill\" (1996). In 1997, she reprised her \"Speed\" role in the sequel, \"\". The following year, Bullock starred in the romantic comedy \"Practical Magic\", voiced Miriam in the animated biblical film \"The Prince of Egypt\" and also executive produced her first film, the romantic drama \"Hope Floats\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sada Thompson", "paragraph_text": "Sada Carolyn Thompson (September 27, 1927 \u2013 May 4, 2011) was an American stage, film, and television actress.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Fear Stalk", "paragraph_text": "Fear Stalk is a 1989 American made-for-television thriller drama film starring Jill Clayburgh, Stephen Macht, Lynne Thigpen, Sandy McPeak, Mary Ellen Trainor, Lorna Luft and Sada Thompson. It was directed by Larry Shaw from a teleplay written by Ellen Weston and broadcast as the \"CBS Sunday Night Movie\" on CBS on December 17, 1989.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Laura Marano", "paragraph_text": "Laura Marie Marano (born November 29, 1995) is an American actress and singer. She starred in the Disney Channel series \"Austin & Ally\" as Ally Dawson. Marano was one of the five original classmates in \"Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? \". She starred in \"Without a Trace\" for three seasons and also \"Back to You\", in both instances playing the daughter of the main characters. Marano starred in the indie film \"A Sort of Homecoming\". Marano also starred in the 2015 Disney Channel Original Movie \"Bad Hair Day\" along with \"Good Luck Charlie\" actress Leigh-Allyn Baker. In 2015, she signed with Big Machine Records and released her debut single \"Boombox\" on March 11, 2016. At the end of 2016, Big Machine Records made the decision to drop all of their pop artists. Marano then signed to Warner Bros. Records in 2017 and plans to release her debut album with the label. She is also the younger sister of actress Vanessa Marano who starred in Freeform's \"Switched at Birth\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Natalie Martinez", "paragraph_text": "Natalie Martinez (born July 12, 1984) is an American actress and model. She is known as the spokes-model for JLO by Jennifer Lopez, and for her role in the 2008 feature film \"Death Race\". She also starred in a music video titled \"Rain Over Me\" by Pitbull, also featuring Marc Anthony. She has appeared in several music videos and telenovelas. From 2010 to 2011, Martinez starred in the crime drama series \"Detroit 1-8-7\" as Detective Ariana Sanchez. From 2012 to 2014, she starred in the crime drama \"\" as Detective Jamie Lovato and Deputy Linda Esquivel in the sci-fi drama series \"Under the Dome\". She recently starred as Detective Theresa Murphy in the Fox police drama \"APB\", which was cancelled on May 11, 2017 after one season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ed Marinaro", "paragraph_text": "Ed Marinaro (born March 31, 1950) is a former American Football player and actor. In 1971, he finished as a runner up to Pat Sullivan for the Heisman Trophy, and from 2010\u20132011 starred in the football comedy series, \"Blue Mountain State\". He is best known as a regular cast member on \"Hill Street Blues\", playing Officer Joe Coffey for five seasons, 1981\u20131986.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Elizabeth Olsen", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Chase Olsen (born February 16, 1989) is an American actress. Her breakthrough came in 2011 when she starred in the independent thriller drama \"Martha Marcy May Marlene\", for which she was nominated for the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead, among other awards. She subsequently starred in the films \"Silent House\" (2011), \"Liberal Arts\" (2012), \"Godzilla\" (2014), \"I Saw the Light\" (2015), and \"Wind River\" (2017). Since 2014, she has portrayed Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lisa Wilcox", "paragraph_text": "Lisa E. Wilcox (born April 27, 1964) is an American actress and designer. She made her film debut in the 1984 film \"Gimme an 'F'\". Wilcox is best known for her role as Alice Johnson in \"\" (1988) and the 1989 sequel \"\". Wilcox is also known for her role as Yuta in an episode of \"\" called \"The Vengeance Factor\" (1989). She subsequently starred in \"Men Seeking Women\" (1997), \"Watchers Reborn\" (1998), \"Clinger\" (2015), and \"The Church\" (2016). Wilcox has had guest appearances on several television series, such as \"Knots Landing\" (1989), \"Boy Meets World\" (1993-95), as well as a lead role on \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures\" (1992). In 2009, Wilcox portrayed Nurse Owens in the web series \"Fear Clinic\". In 2010, Wilcox appeared as herself in the documentary \"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mercedes Masohn", "paragraph_text": "Mercedes Mason ( ; born Mas\u00f6hn), Born 1983) is a Swedish actress known for playing the role of Zondra in the American television series \"Chuck\" and the role of Isabel Zambada in the American procedural drama \"The Finder\". She starred in the 2011 American horror film \"\". She played Louise Leonard in the 2012\u201313 American supernatural drama \"666 Park Avenue\" and Talia Del Campo in \"\". She is currently a regular on AMC's television series \"Fear the Walking Dead\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a828a7b55429954d2e2eb69", "question_text": "The retired American professional basketball player Walt Williams attended this institution in 1988 that is in which conference today?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Big Ten Conference"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jason Jones (defensive end)", "paragraph_text": "Jones attended Southfield-Lathrup High School in Lathrup Village, Michigan and enjoyed an outstanding prep career as a football and basketball player. He was named first-team All-Oakland Athletic Association as a senior, recording 27 tackles, six sacks, four forced fumbles and seven interceptions, three of which were returned for touchdowns. He also caught 25 passes for 395 yards and eight touchdowns as a receiver. \" The Detroit News\" named him the 44th-best player on the Blue Chip list in the state of Michigan, as he also added All-Metro North honors. Jones is the younger brother of retired American Professional Basketball Player Brian LaWan Alexander. Also, Jones older brother, Michael, played football at Alabama State and other brother, Jamar, works at the White House as a Secret Service uniformed police officier.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Maryland Terrapins men's basketball", "paragraph_text": "The Maryland Terrapins men's basketball team represents the University of Maryland in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I competition. Maryland, a founding member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), left the ACC in 2014 to join the Big Ten Conference.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Harold Miner", "paragraph_text": "Harold David Miner (born May 5, 1971) is a retired American professional basketball player and two-time champion of the National Basketball Association (NBA) Slam Dunk Contest. He attended college at the University of Southern California (USC) and was a star player on that school's men's basketball team. He left school in 1992 to pursue his professional career, and played in the NBA for the Miami Heat and Cleveland Cavaliers. Despite the comparisons to Michael Jordan, Miner's NBA career only lasted four years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Scott Williams (basketball)", "paragraph_text": "Scott Christopher Williams (born March 21, 1968) is a retired American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association. Standing at 6' 10\", he was capable of playing as a power forward or a center. Williams contributed off the bench during the Chicago Bulls' first three-peat championships (1991-93) early in his professional career. He developed into a front court reserve journeyman during his ten-plus seasons in the NBA, where he was known for his hustle and strong defense. Since his retirement, Williams has coached in the NBA Development League and NBA as well as commentating for a variety of NBA teams. Williams is currently the color analyst for the Grand Canyon Antelopes men's basketball team. Scott has a daughter, (Ava Williams) and a son (Ben Williams).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mo Williams", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Williams (born December 19, 1982) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful high school career at Murrah High School, Williams attended college at the University of Alabama, where he led his team as a freshman to a 27\u20138 record, and also shared an SEC regular-season championship. After two seasons at Alabama, Williams entered the 2003 NBA draft where he was selected with the 47th overall pick by the Utah Jazz. Throughout his career, he has also played for the Milwaukee Bucks, Los Angeles Clippers, Portland Trail Blazers, Minnesota Timberwolves, Charlotte Hornets and Cleveland Cavaliers. In 2009, Williams was selected as an NBA All-Star. In 2016, he won an NBA championship with the Cavaliers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Walt Williams", "paragraph_text": "Walter Ander \"The Wizard\" Williams (born April 16, 1970) is a retired American professional basketball player. A sharpshooting 6'8\" forward/guard, Williams attended school at the University of Maryland from 1988 to 1992, and is credited by many for resurrecting the school's basketball program which was going through very difficult times.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mike Phelps", "paragraph_text": "Michael \"Mike\" Phelps (born October 3, 1961) is a retired American professional basketball player. Born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, he attended Alcorn State University and was selected in the 7th round of the 1985 NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. Phelps played with the Sonics and Los Angeles Clippers. He later took his talents overseas and found success in the Philippine Basketball Association where he played for the San Miguel Beermen where he helped them win two conference championships in 1988 and 1989. The latter became the first of three consecutive conference titles the team will win that year to accomplish the Grand Slam title run becoming only the second team in the league to do so. Phelps played one more conference with the team in 1990 but they failed to qualify for the semi-finals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Eric Piatkowski", "paragraph_text": "Eric Todd Piatkowski ( ; born September 30, 1970) is a former American professional basketball player. He most recently played for the National Basketball Association's Phoenix Suns. He is the son of former ABA player Walt Piatkowski.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kevin Williams (basketball)", "paragraph_text": "Kevin Eugene Williams (born September 11, 1961) is a retired American professional basketball player. A 6'2\" (1.88 m) and 175\u00a0lb (79\u00a0kg) guard, Williams played college basketball at St. John's University from 1979 to 1983. He attended Charles Evans Hughes High School.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Freeman Williams", "paragraph_text": "Freeman Williams (born May 15, 1956) is a retired American professional basketball player. He was the 1978 NCAA men's basketball Division I scoring champion, and the Portland State University all-time scoring leader. Williams was the NCAA Division I national men's basketball individual scoring leader in 1977 and 1978. Williams was a consensus second team All-American in 1978. He is second in Division I history in scoring, trailing only Pete Maravich. He was born in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab8338155429919ba4e2260", "question_text": "What is the name of a member of the North Melbourne Football Club, whose brother Rob has starred in Bridgetowns Cricket Clubs Premiership in 2016/7?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mark Andrew Brayshaw"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Darren Crocker", "paragraph_text": "Darren Crocker (born 26 March 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer and former player of the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). On 16 June 2009, he was appointed caretaker coach of the North Melbourne Football Club after the resignation of Dean Laidley. On 17 August 2009 the North Melbourne Football Club appointed Brad Scott as their senior coach, thus Crocker was not retained as North Melbourne coach for the 2010 season. However, he remained as assistant coach at North Melbourne Football Club. In 2015, Crocker again served as acting coach when Scott underwent back surgery, and again for one match in 2016 when Scott was ill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Cameron Pedersen", "paragraph_text": "Cameron Pedersen (born 17 March 1987) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A utility, 1.93 m tall and weighing 99 kg , Pedersen has played the majority of his career in the forward line. After missing out on being drafted at eighteen years of age, he played five seasons in the Victorian Football League (VFL) for the Box Hill Hawks . His form during the 2010 season led to him being recruited by the North Melbourne Football Club with the seventeenth selection in the 2011 rookie draft and he made his debut in the 2011 season. After two seasons with North Melbourne, playing in sixteen matches and winning the club's best first year player, he was traded to the Melbourne Football Club during the 2013 trade period.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Aaron Black (footballer, born 1990)", "paragraph_text": "Aaron Black (born 29 November 1990) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for North Melbourne Football Club from 2011 to 2016. He was recruited by North Melbourne with the twenty-fifth selection in the 2009 national draft and he made his senior debut in round 24 of the 2011 season against Richmond . In 2016, he spent the entire season in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and at the end of the season, he mutually agreed with North Melbourne to seek opportunities at another club despite being contracted to North Melbourne until the end of 2017. He was officially traded to Geelong in October.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Corey Wagner", "paragraph_text": "Corey Wagner (born 23 March 1997) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is the younger brother of Melbourne defender, Josh Wagner. He was drafted by the North Melbourne Football Club with their fourth selection and forty-first overall in the 2015 national draft. He made his debut in the nine point loss against Hawthorn in round 13, 2016 at Etihad Stadium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ryan Clarke (Australian footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Ryan Clarke (born 17 June 1997) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted by the North Melbourne Football Club with their second selection and thirty-first overall in the 2015 national draft. Prior to being drafted he attended the prestigious Melbourne Grammar School and was captain of their First XVIII football team. He made his debut in the thirty-two point loss against West Coast in round 16, 2016 at Domain Stadium. He was rewarded with the round nomination for the Rising Star in the round 18, forty-point win against the Collingwood Football Club at Etihad Stadium where he recorded twenty-seven disposals, twelve contested possessions, four inside-50s and three goal assists.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ian Brayshaw", "paragraph_text": "Ian James Brayshaw (born 14 January 1942) is a former Australian sportsman. He played both Australian rules football and cricket. Both his sons, Mark Brayshaw and James Brayshaw were noted athletes in their respective sports; Mark playing football and James playing cricket. Other son Rob is an all round cricketer who bowls a heavy ball and starred in Bridgetowns Cricket Clubs Premiership in 2016/17. Mark's son, Angus Brayshaw is forging a career at Melbourne Football Club.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mark Brayshaw", "paragraph_text": "Mark Andrew Brayshaw (born 5 February 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for North Melbourne Football Club in the AFL. He is the brother of James Brayshaw and the son of Ian Brayshaw. Angus Brayshaw is Mark's son. Thus continuing into a third generation of footballers in the Brayshaw family.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sel Murray", "paragraph_text": "Norman Selwyn 'Sel' Murray (23 November 1917 \u2013 29 May 1992) was an Australian rules footballer. Mainly used as a full forward, he played with the North Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) from 1937 to 1944 and then for the Richmond Football Club in 1945 and 1946. He played the 1947 season for North Melbourne seconds, leading the competition goalkicking with 123 for the season and playing in the seconds' premiership side. He ended his career back in the North Melbourne senior side for much of the 1948 season. His 88 goals in 1941 was the most in the League and he took just 73 games to reach 300 career goals which is equal third fastest of all time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1996 AFL Grand Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1996 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the North Melbourne Football Club and the Sydney Swans, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 28 September 1996. It was the 100th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 1996 AFL season. The match, attended by 93,102 people, was won by North Melbourne by a margin of 43 points, marking that club's third premiership victory. North Melbourne were awarded a gold premiership cup instead of the usual silver in honor of the centenary grand final.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "1975 VFL Grand Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1975 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the North Melbourne Football Club and the Hawthorn Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 27 September 1975. It was the 79th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1975 VFL season. The match, attended 110,551 spectators, was won by North Melbourne by a margin of 55 points, marking that club's first premiership victory. In so doing, it became the last of the 12 VFL teams to win a flag.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adf04c95542993a75d263d5", "question_text": "which American soldier and serial killer was Death of a Soldier based on ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Edward Joseph Leonski"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Luis Garavito", "paragraph_text": "Luis Alfredo Garavito Cubillos, also known as \"La Bestia\" (\"The Beast\") or \"Tribil\u00edn\" (named after Disney character \"Goofy\"'s Latin American Spanish name) is a Colombian rapist and serial killer. In 1999, he admitted to the rape, torture and murder of 147 young boys. His victims, based on the locations of skeletons listed on maps that Garavito drew in prison, could eventually exceed 300; Garavito continues to confess to more murders. He has been described by local media as \"the world's worst serial killer\". According to the Attorney General's Office and various judicial bodies, Luis Alfredo Garavito is the \"second serial killer of the world.\" Likewise, the judicial body ruled that all Garavito's sentences total 1853 years and nine days in jail.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Death of a Soldier", "paragraph_text": "Death of a Soldier is a 1986 Australian film based on the life of American serial killer Eddie Leonski. The film was shot using locations around Melbourne, Victoria.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer", "paragraph_text": "Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer is a 1986 American psychological horror crime film directed and co-written by John McNaughton about the random crime spree of a serial killer who seemingly operates with impunity. It stars Michael Rooker as the nomadic killer Henry, Tom Towles as Otis, a prison buddy with whom Henry is living, and Tracy Arnold as Becky, Otis's sister. The characters of Henry and Otis are loosely based on real life serial killers Henry Lee Lucas and Ottis Toole.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Eddie Leonski", "paragraph_text": "Edward Joseph Leonski (December 12, 1917 \u2013 November 9, 1942) was an American soldier and serial killer responsible for the strangling murders of three women in Melbourne, Australia. Leonski was known as the \"Brownout Strangler\", given Melbourne's wartime status of keeping low lighting (not as stringent as a wartime blackout). His self-confessed motive for the killings was a twisted fascination with female voices, especially when they were singing, and his claim that he killed the women to \"get at their voices.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Dexter (episode)", "paragraph_text": "\"Dexter\", or \"Pilot\", is the pilot episode of the first season television drama series \"Dexter\", which premiered on October 1, 2006 on Showtime in the United States. The episode was written by developer James Manos, Jr. and directed by Michael Cuesta. It was based on the opening of the novel \"Darkly Dreaming Dexter\" by Jeff Lindsay. The pilot introduces the series' protagonist, Dexter Morgan (Michael C. Hall), a Miami Metro Police Department blood spatter analyst with a double life as a serial killer. While solving murders in the Homicide division, Dexter also spends his time hunting and killing murderers and criminals who have escaped the justice system. The pilot introduces the \"Ice Truck Killer\", a serial killer who targets prostitutes and leaves their bodies dismembered and bloodless, and the rivalry that develops between the killer and Dexter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Charles Cullen", "paragraph_text": "Charles Edmund Cullen (born February 22, 1960) is a former nurse who is the most prolific serial killer in New Jersey history and is suspected to be the most prolific serial killer in American history. He confessed to authorities that he killed up to 40 patients during the course of his 16-year nursing career. But in subsequent interviews with police, psychiatric professionals, and journalists Charles Graeber and Steve Kroft, it became clear that he had killed many more, whom he could not specifically remember by name, though he could often remember details of their case. Experts have estimated that Charles Cullen may ultimately be responsible for 400 deaths, which would make him the most prolific serial killer in American history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "My Brother the Serial Killer", "paragraph_text": "My Brother the Serial Killer is a 2012 American television documentary about serial killer Glen Rogers, otherwise known as the \"Casanova Killer\", who was convicted for a series of murders and arsons. The documentary was narrated by Rogers' brother Clay Rogers and aired on Investigation Discovery in November 2012. \"My Brother the Serial Killer\" received widespread media attention for Clay's claims that his brother was responsible for the 1994 murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Lyle Goldman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sun Hill Serial Killer", "paragraph_text": "The Sun Hill Serial Killer was a major storyline from ITV's cop show \"The Bill\". Known originally as the \"River Murders\", the storyline spanned several months in 2002 and served as the exit for popular cast regular Cass Rickman (played by Suzanne Maddock). It was the first of several serial killer storylines from the show. Events came to a head in the New Year of 2003, when Acting DI Samantha Nixon discovers the truth and is taken hostage by the serial killer, before a final confrontation in which she is overpowered by DC Duncan Lennox, charged and thrown into the cells at Sun Hill Station.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cold North Killers: Canadian Serial Murder", "paragraph_text": "Cold North Killers: Canadian Serial Murder is a 2012 Canadian non-fiction book written by Lee Mellor and published by Dundurn Press. It documents the lives of sixty Canadian serial killers, with the earliest being Edward H. Rulloff and the most recent being Russell Williams. The book uses Katherine Ramsland's interpretation of what constitutes a serial killer\u2014someone who has killed at least two people on two separate occasions, and who attempted to or likely would have killed again\u2014as outlined in her 2007 book \"The Human Predator\". \"Cold North Killer's\" own definition of what constitutes a Canadian serial killer includes both Canadians who committed murder abroad (such as Keith Hunter Jesperson and Gordon Stewart Northcott) and non-Canadians who committed murder in Canada (like William Dean Christenson and Earle Nelson).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Harvey Miguel Robinson", "paragraph_text": "Harvey Miguel Robinson (born December 6, 1974) is an American serial killer who is a prisoner on death row in Pennsylvania. He is one of the youngest serial killers in American history. He was 18 years old when he was apprehended for his crimes. He is also the first serial killer in the history of Allentown, Pennsylvania.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac10c5e554299294b219074", "question_text": "What state is home to the Lake Wobegon Trails and the recording location for the live radio show \"A Prairie Home Companion\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Minnesota"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "A Prairie Home Album", "paragraph_text": "A Prairie Home Album is an album from the Prairie Home Companion radio show. It features items written for the early days of the program, when it was a morning show broadcast from KSJN in St. Paul, MN.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Tom Keith", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Alan Keith (December 21, 1946 \u2013 October 30, 2011) was a radio personality who worked for Minnesota Public Radio in St. Paul, Minnesota. He was the engineer for Garrison Keillor when the latter began his early morning radio show from the St. John's University, Collegeville, Minnesota studio. Keillor wanted dialogue during the program and Keith was about the only other person around at that early hour. Keith was one of the primary sound effects performers for the radio show \"A Prairie Home Companion\" and was often an actor in sketches written by Keillor. Keillor created the persona of Jim Ed Poole for Keith on the old early morning show. Jim Ed was said to have grown up in West St. Paul, Minnesota and graduated from Henry Sibley High School.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Lake Wobegon Trails", "paragraph_text": "The Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every 0.5 mi , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bill Caswell", "paragraph_text": "Bill Caswell is a country music singer-songwriter and musician active since the early 1980s. Together with his wife Rosi Caswell, the duo from Bartlesville, Oklahoma perform on rare old style instruments including the ukelin, mandolin-guitar, bell-harp, and tremeloa. In the 1980s he performed his music on television in \"Hee Haw\" and on live radio in \"A Prairie Home Companion\". The two together performed at Dollywood in Gatlinburg, Tennessee for five seasons.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Fitzgerald Theater", "paragraph_text": "The Fitzgerald Theater is the oldest active theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and the home of American Public Media's \"A Prairie Home Companion\". It was one of many theaters built by the Shubert Theatre Corporation, and was initially named the Sam S. Shubert Theater. It was designed by the noted Chicago architectural firm of Marshall and Fox, architects of several theaters for the Shuberts. In 1933, it became a movie outlet known as the World Theater. The space was purchased by Minnesota Public Radio in 1980, restored with a stage in 1986 as a site for \"Prairie Home\", and renamed in 1994 after St. Paul native F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Garrison Keillor", "paragraph_text": "Gary Edward \"Garrison\" Keillor (born August 7, 1942) is an American author, storyteller, humorist, voice actor, and radio personality. He is best known as the creator of the Minnesota Public Radio show \"A Prairie Home Companion\" (called \"Garrison Keillor's Radio Show\" in some international syndication), which he hosted from 1974 to 2016. Keillor created the fictional Minnesota town Lake Wobegon, the setting of many of his books, including \"Lake Wobegon Days \"and \"\". Other creations include Guy Noir, a detective voiced by Keillor who appeared in \"A Prairie Home Companion\" comic skits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lake Wobegon", "paragraph_text": "Lake Wobegon is a fictional town created by Garrison Keillor to provide the setting for the long-running radio broadcast, \"Prairie Home Companion\". Lake Wobegon is also the setting for many of Keillor's stories and novels. It is described as a small rural town in central Minnesota, and it is peopled with fictional characters and places, many that have become familiar to listeners of the broadcast. The events and adventures of the imaginary townspeople provide the prolific Keillor with a wealth of stories, that are humorous and at times touching and thoughtful.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Lake Wobegon Days", "paragraph_text": "Lake Wobegon Days is a novel by Garrison Keillor, first published in hardcover by Viking in 1985. Based on material from his radio show \"A Prairie Home Companion\", the book brought Keillor's work to a much wider audience and achieved international success. Like some of Keillor's other books, it is unusual in that it could be said that the audiobook preceded the publication in written form.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "A Prairie Home Companion", "paragraph_text": "A Prairie Home Companion is a live weekly radio variety show hosted by musician and songwriter Chris Thile. The program was created in 1974 by Garrison Keillor, who hosted it until 2016. It airs on Saturdays from 5 to 7 p.m. Central Time, from the Fitzgerald Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota; it is also frequently heard on tours to New York City and other US cities. The show is known for its musical guests, especially folk and traditional musicians, tongue-in-cheek radio drama, and relaxed humor. Keillor's wry storytelling segment, \"News from Lake Wobegon\", was the show's best-known feature during his long tenure.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "A Prairie Home Companion with Chris Thile", "paragraph_text": "The live weekly radio variety show, A Prairie Home Companion with Chris Thile, whose title indicates the new program host, musician Chris Thile, derives from the historic \"A Prairie Home Companion with Garrison Keillor\" (\"APHC\") radio show, where the changeover in the onstage hosting and program began on October 15, 2016. Thile, an American virtuoso mandolinist and singer-songwriter, had a two decade history with \"APHC\" and is known for his work in the folk and progressive bluegrass groups Nickel Creek and Punch Brothers. After two unprecedented guest host spots in 2015, Keillor decided on his successor, featured Thile as host again in January\u2013February 2016, and fully ceded his hosting role to Thile in the October 2016 performance at the Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul, Minnesota, continuing as the show's Executive Producer. As of 1 November 2016, the new program presents expanded musical and comedic elements, retaining the template of the earlier program (e.g., its most recent acting and sound effect cast, and \"sponsorships\" from faux companies), but without such features as its earlier signature \"Lives of the Cowboys\" series and \"News from Lake Wobegon\" monologue. Early reviews of the new program have been uniformly positive, focusing on the remaining familiar elements and on the new music and expanded musical focus brought by the new host.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae21154554299495565d9d4", "question_text": "Which film stars more animals, The Jungle Book or The Lone Ranger?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Jungle Book"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Lone Ranger (soundtrack)", "paragraph_text": "The Lone Ranger (Original Motion Picture Score) is the film score for the Walt Disney Pictures film, \"The Lone Ranger\" by Hans Zimmer, released on CD and digital download on July 2, 2013 by Walt Disney Records. The physical release was in association with Intrada Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jungle Book (2018 film)", "paragraph_text": "Jungle Book (formerly known as Jungle Book: Origins) is an upcoming live-action adventure fantasy film directed by Andy Serkis and written by Callie Kloves, based on \"The Jungle Book\" by Rudyard Kipling. The film stars Rohan Chand, Matthew Rhys and Freida Pinto, with motion capture performances from Tom Hollander, Christian Bale, and Benedict Cumberbatch.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "John Hughes (lawman)", "paragraph_text": "John Reynolds Hughes (February 11, 1855 \u2013 June 3, 1947) was a Texas Ranger and cowboy of the Old West, and later an author. Several books were written about his long history as one of the most influential Texas Rangers of all time. It has been suggested he was the inspiration for the Lone Ranger character, since Zane Grey dedicated his most famous book \"The Lone Star Ranger\" to Hughes in 1915. The ambush of Texas Ranger Captain Frank Jones and Hughes' long hunt for the killers also support this theory. Hughes also told relatives that he believed he was the inspiration for the Lone Ranger character.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold", "paragraph_text": "The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold is a 1958 American Western film in Eastmancolor released by United Artists in June 1958. The second of two theatrical features specifically based on and continuing the TV show \"The Lone Ranger\" it stars Clayton Moore and Jay Silverheels, reprising their roles from the TV series. The first feature film was 1956's \"The Lone Ranger\". No further films based on this specific version of the characters were made after this one.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Lone Ranger (1956 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Lone Ranger is a 1956 Western film based on \"The Lone Ranger\" television series, starring Clayton Moore and Jay Silverheels. \"The Lone Ranger\" was the first of two theatrical features based on the popular TV series of the same name; the other one being \"The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold\" (1958), which was Bonita Granville's last film appearance. She retired from the screen to marry Jack Wrather.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Lone Ranger (2003 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Lone Ranger was a 2003 TV-movie and an attempt by The WB to revive the \"Lone Ranger\" franchise in a new generation. The film starred Chad Michael Murray as the Lone Ranger and Nathaniel Arcand as Tonto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Second Jungle Book", "paragraph_text": "The Second Jungle Book is a sequel to \"The Jungle Book\" by Rudyard Kipling. First published in 1895, it features five stories about Mowgli and three unrelated stories, all but one set in India, most of which Kipling wrote while living in Vermont. All of the stories were previously published in magazines in 1894-5, often under different titles. The original book is now worth $3.4 million. The 1994 film \"The Jungle Book\" used this book as a source.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jungle Book (1942 film)", "paragraph_text": "Jungle Book is a 1942 independent American Technicolor action-adventure film by the Hungarian Korda brothers, based on a screenplay adaptation by Laurence Stallings of Rudyard Kipling's \"The Jungle Book\", about a wild boy who is kidnapped by villagers who are cruel to animals as they attempt to steal the jungle's lost treasure that possesses people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Jungle Book is a 1967 American animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions. Inspired by Rudyard Kipling's book of the same name, it is the 19th Disney animated feature film. Directed by Wolfgang Reitherman, it was the last film to be produced by Walt Disney, who died during its production. The plot follows Mowgli, a feral child raised in the Indian jungle by wolves, as his friends Bagheera the panther and Baloo the bear try to convince him to leave the jungle before the evil tiger Shere Khan arrives.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Lone Ranger (2013 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Lone Ranger is a 2013 American western action film directed by Gore Verbinski from a screenplay written by Justin Haythe, Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio. Based on the radio series of the same name, the film stars Johnny Depp as Tonto, the narrator of the events, and Armie Hammer as John Reid, the Lone Ranger. It relates Tonto's memories of the duo's earliest efforts to subdue local villainy and bring justice to the American Old West. William Fichtner, Barry Pepper, Ruth Wilson, James Badge Dale, Tom Wilkinson and Helena Bonham Carter also are featured in supporting roles. It is the first theatrical film featuring the Lone Ranger and Tonto characters in more than 32 years.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae31ca155429928c4239608", "question_text": "Lucy Pevensie is a character in the series of fantasy novels that have sold more than how many copies?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["100 million"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sophie Wilcox", "paragraph_text": "Sophie Elizabeth Wilcox (born 2 January 1975 in Croydon, London) is an English actress who is most notable for appearing in the BBC miniseries adaptation of \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" as Lucy Pevensie when she was 13 years old. She appeared in \"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\" in 1988, as well as its sequel \"Prince Caspian and the Voyage of the Dawn Treader\" in 1989.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mr. Tumnus", "paragraph_text": "Tumnus is a fictional character in C. S. Lewis' series \"The Chronicles of Narnia\". He is featured prominently in \"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\" and also appears in \"The Horse and His Boy\" and \"The Last Battle\". He is close friends with Lucy Pevensie and is the first creature she meets in Narnia, as well as the first Narnian to be introduced in the series. Lewis said that the first Narnia story, \"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\", all came to him from a single picture he had in his head of a faun carrying an umbrella and parcels through a snowy wood. In that way, Tumnus was the initial inspiration for the entire Narnia series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Lucy Barfield", "paragraph_text": "Lucy Barfield (2 November 1935 \u2013 3 May 2003) was the godchild of C.S. Lewis. \"The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe\" is dedicated to Lucy, who also lent her name to the book's heroine, Lucy Pevensie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "From Unknown Worlds", "paragraph_text": "From Unknown Worlds is an anthology of fantasy fiction short stories edited by John W. Campbell, Jr. and illustrated by Edd Cartier, the first of a number of anthologies drawing their contents from the classic magazine \"Unknown\" of the 1930s-40s. It was first published in magazine format by American company Street & Smith in 1948; the publication was an attempt to determine if there was a market for a revived \"Unknown\". Street & Smith printed 300,000 copies, against the advice of John Campbell, but although it sold better than the original, too many copies were returned for the publisher to be willing to revive the magazine. The first British edition was issued by Atlas Publishing in 1952; part of the run was issued in a hardcover binding. This edition omitted the story \"One Man's Harp.\" .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Lantern Waste", "paragraph_text": "Lantern Waste is a fictional place in \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" series by C. S. Lewis. It is a wood and is notable as the place where Lucy Pevensie and Mr. Tumnus meet, which is the first scene of Narnia described in the books. The lamppost in the wood is an iconic image of Narnia, and the question of its origin is what convinced Lewis to write more than one book on Narnia. One of King Edmund's titles is \"Duke of Lantern Waste\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia", "paragraph_text": "The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of seven fantasy novels by C. S. Lewis. It is considered a classic of children's literature and is the author's best-known work, having sold over 100 million copies in 47 languages. Written by Lewis, illustrated by Pauline Baynes, and originally published in London between 1950 and 1956, \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" has been adapted several times, complete or in part, for radio, television, the stage, and film.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lucy Pevensie", "paragraph_text": "Lucy Pevensie is a fictional character in C. S. Lewis's \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" series. She is the youngest of the four Pevensie children, and the first to find the Wardrobe entrance to Narnia in \"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\". Of all the Pevensie children, Lucy is the closest to Aslan. Also, of all the humans who have visited Narnia, Lucy is perhaps the one that believes in Narnia the most. She is ultimately crowned Queen Lucy the Valiant, co-ruler of Narnia along with her two brothers and her sister. Lucy is the central character of the four siblings in the novels. Lucy is a principal character in three of the seven books (\"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\", \"Prince Caspian\", and \"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader\"), and a minor character in two others (\"The Horse and His Boy\" and \"The Last Battle\").", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Eustace Scrubb", "paragraph_text": "Eustace Clarence Scrubb is a fictional character in C. S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia. He appears in \"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader\", \"The Silver Chair\", and \"The Last Battle\". In \"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader\", he is accompanied by Edmund and Lucy Pevensie, his cousins. In \"The Silver Chair\" and \"The Last Battle\", he is accompanied by Jill Pole, a classmate from his school.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cosmological interpretation of quantum mechanics", "paragraph_text": "The cosmological interpretation of quantum mechanics, proposed by Anthony Aguirre and Max Tegmark, is an interpretation of quantum mechanics that applies in the context of eternal cosmological inflation, which arguably predicts an infinite three-dimensional space with infinitely many planets and infinitely many copies of any quantum system. According to this interpretation, the wavefunction for a quantum system describes not some imaginary ensemble of possibilities for what the system might be doing, but rather the actual spatial collection of identical copies of the system that exist in our infinite space. Its collapse can be avoided. Moreover, the quantum uncertainty that you experience simply reflects your inability to self-locate in space, i.e., to know which of your infinitely many copies throughout space is the one having your subjective perceptions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Georgie Henley", "paragraph_text": "Georgina Helen \"Georgie\" Henley (born 9 July 1995) is an English actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Lucy Pevensie in \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" film series.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adbd1d25542994650320bf6", "question_text": "What is the current job of the former partner in ice skating of Vladimir Fedorov?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["She currently works as a coach and choreographer"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Paland\u00f6ken Ice Skating Hall", "paragraph_text": "Paland\u00f6ken Ice Skating Hall (Turkish: \"Paland\u00f6ken Buz Pateni Salonu\" ), formerly GSIM Yeni\u015fehir Ice Hockey Hall (Turkish: \"GS\u0130M Yeni\u015fehir Buz Hokey Salonu\" ) or Erzurum Ice Skating Hall (Turkish: \"Erzurum Buz Pateni Salonu\" ), is an indoor ice skating and ice hockey rink located at Ahmet Baba neighborhood of Paland\u00f6ken district in Erzurum, eastern Turkey. It was opened in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ice skating in India", "paragraph_text": "Ice skating is popular in the north of India in places like Ladakh, Kashmir and Shimla where cold weather occurs and it is possible to skate outdoors. Much of India has a tropical climate, hence in the rest of the country, ice skating is limited to the few artificial rinks available. Many skating lovers from India head to places like Shimla, Kashmir and Ladakh, and also many expatriates from countries where ice skating is popular in order to experience ice skating at some of the highest rinks in the world. An ice skating festival is organised in Shimla every year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ice rink", "paragraph_text": "An ice rink (or ice skating rink) is a frozen body of water and/or hardened chemicals where people can ice skate or play winter sports. Besides recreational ice skating, some of its uses include ice hockey, bandy, rink bandy, ringette, broomball, speed skating, figure skating, ice stock sport and curling as well as exhibitions, contests and ice shows. There are two types of rinks in prevalent use today: natural, where freezing occurs from cold ambient temperatures, and artificial (or mechanically frozen), where a coolant produces cold temperatures in the surface below the water, causing the water to freeze. There are also synthetic ice rinks where skating surfaces are made out of plastics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "John Towill", "paragraph_text": "John Towill coached and choreographed national and international champions in dance, freestyle, pairs, and synchronized ice skating. He is a member of the National Ice Skating Association, U.S. Figure Skating, PSA, and the Ice Skating Institute. He was a member of the Great Britain International Team and a Great Britain Professional Champion. Towill is currently the head coach of the Precisely Right synchronized skating team from Mennen Arena in Morris Plains, New Jersey, United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ice World Boondall", "paragraph_text": "Iceworld Boondall is an ice sports and public ice skating centre, located approximately 20\u00a0km north of Brisbane, Queensland. It hosts a number of major ice hockey games, including Australian Women's Ice Hockey League games. The venue offers a wide variety of activities including ice skating lessons, birthday parties, figure skating, speed skating, curling, synchronised skating, public skating sessions, and it is also the home venue of the Brisbane Goannas. The venue has been operating in Brisbane for over 30 years. Iceworld Boondall is also a host venue for the Duke Trophy, an annual inter-state short track speed skating competition in Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Canterbury Olympic Ice Rink", "paragraph_text": "Canterbury Olympic Ice Rink is an ice sports and public ice skating centre, located in the Sydney suburb of Canterbury, New South Wales. It hosts a number of major ice hockey games, including Australian Women's Ice Hockey League games. The venue offers a wide variety of activities including ice skating lessons, birthday parties, figure skating, speed skating, curling, synchronised skating, public skating sessions, and it is also the home venue of the Sydney Sirens. It is also the home venue of the Sydney Figure Skating Club, Sydney Arrows (speed skating), Canterbury Eagles Ice Hockey Club and is also a host venue of the East Coast Super League, Sydney's elite ice hockey tournament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ice Skating Institute", "paragraph_text": "The Ice Skating Institute (formerly the Ice Skating Institute of America) is a trade association for ice rinks, and also an international governing body for recreational figure skating. It was founded in 1959 to proliferate the building of permanent indoor ice rinks, which numbered fewer than 100 at the time, as well as to promote skating as a recreational activity. The ISI has developed a program of tests and competitions in all areas of figure skating, as well as limited areas of speed skating and ice hockey, from \"Tot\" levels to advanced tests that would provide interesting challenges even to Olympic medalists.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Adelaide Glaciarium", "paragraph_text": "The Adelaide Glaciarium (also known as Ice Palace Skating Rink) was the first indoor ice skating facility built in Australia. This is the birthplace for ice skating in Australia and is the location of the first hockey on the ice match in the country, which was an adaptation of roller polo for the ice using ice skates. Contemporary ice hockey was never played at this venue but this ice skating rink, the country's first, provided the \"test bed\" facility for its successor the Melbourne Glaciarium, the birthplace of ice hockey in Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Anjelika Krylova", "paragraph_text": "Anjelika Alexeyevna Krylova (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 ; born 4 July 1973) is a Russian retired ice dancer. With partner Oleg Ovsyannikov, she is the 1998 Olympic silver medalist and two-time (1998, 1999) World champion. She currently works as a coach and choreographer in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Vladimir Fedorov", "paragraph_text": "Vladimir Anatolyevich Fedorov or Fyodorov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 , born 22 April 1971) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. He is the 1993 World bronze medalist with Anjelika Krylova.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a84e9d35542994c784dda84", "question_text": "The Nike Mercurial Vapor is endorsed by a Stoke City football player who also plays for what national team?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the Switzerland national team"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Maurice Setters", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Edgar Setters (born 16 December 1936) is an English former football player and manager. As player, he made more than 400 appearances in the Football League representing Exeter City, West Bromwich Albion, Manchester United, Stoke City, Coventry City and Charlton Athletic, and in the United Soccer Association with the Cleveland Stokers (Stoke City under another name). His favoured position was wing half. As manager, he took charge of Doncaster Rovers and (briefly) Sheffield Wednesday, and spent several years as assistant manager of the Republic of Ireland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Stoke City F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Stoke City Football Club is a professional football club based in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Stoke City F.C. in European football", "paragraph_text": "Stoke City Football Club is an English football club based in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. The club was founded in 1863 and has competed in the English football league system since 1888. They played in the UEFA Cup in 1972\u201373 and 1974\u201375, before qualifying for the tournament in 2011\u201312 under the new name of UEFA Europa League. The club also entered the Anglo-Italian Cup and the Texaco Cup.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Arthur Turner (footballer, born 1909)", "paragraph_text": "Arthur Owen Turner (1 April 1909 \u2013 12 January 1994) was an English professional association football player and manager. He played as a centre-half for Stoke City, Birmingham City and Southport. Turner was player-manager of Southport, managed Crewe Alexandra and was assistant at Stoke before joining Birmingham City as manager. He won the Second Division championship in 1954\u201355, led them the following season to the 1956 FA Cup Final and their highest ever top flight finish, and became the first man to manage an English club side in European competition when he took the club to the semi-final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1958. Turner went on to manage the transformation of Southern League club Headington United into Oxford United of the Second Division of the Football League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Tommy Hyslop", "paragraph_text": "Thomas \"Tommy\" Hyslop (22 September 1874 \u2013 1936) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke City and Sunderland He was the first Stoke player to be capped by Scotland. He represented the Scotland national team, playing twice against England in 1896 and in 1897, scoring on his debut. He also played for Sunderland and Rangers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nike Mercurial Vapor", "paragraph_text": "The Mercurial Vapor is a football boot manufactured by Nike. The boot is known for being lightweight. Because of this, the boot is endorsed by many players for whom speed is part of their game, notably wingers or strikers, such as Cristiano Ronaldo, Franck Rib\u00e9ry, Luiz Adriano, Zlatan Ibrahimovi\u0107, Didier Drogba, Jes\u00fas Navas, Luka Modri\u0107, Arturo Vidal, Douglas Costa, Xherdan Shaqiri, Raheem Sterling, Stephan El Shaarawy, Eden Hazard, Alexis S\u00e1nchez, Carlos Bacca and Philippe Coutinho, among others.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Gareth Evans (footballer, born 1967)", "paragraph_text": "Gareth John Evans (born 14 January 1967) is an English football player and coach. He played for Coventry City, Rotherham United, Hibernian, Stoke City, Northampton Town, Partick Thistle, Airdrie and Alloa Athletic. Evans has been the caretaker manager of Hibernian and Livingston, and was head coach of the Scotland women's under-19 national team for four years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Xherdan Shaqiri", "paragraph_text": "Xherdan Shaqiri (] ; born 10 October 1991) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a winger for Premier League club Stoke City, and the Switzerland national team.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Eddie Niedzwiecki", "paragraph_text": "Andrzej Edward \"Eddie\" Niedzwiecki; born 3 May 1959) is a Welsh former footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Wrexham and Chelsea and is now first-team coach at Stoke City. After retiring early due to injury Niedzwiecki became a coach with Chelsea and then Arsenal before working with Mark Hughes with the Wales national team. Since then he has worked with Hughes at Blackburn Rovers, Manchester City, Fulham, Queens Park Rangers and Stoke City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Stoke City F.C. Under-23s and Academy", "paragraph_text": "Stoke City Football Club Under-23s is the most senior of Stoke City's youth teams and the club's former reserve team. The Under-23 team is effectively Stoke City's second-string side. They play in Premier League 2 Division 2. The team also competes in the Premier League Cup and the Staffordshire Senior Cup.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a79caec5542994bb94570ad", "question_text": "When was Leeds no longer called Elmet?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["early 7th century"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Henley hearing", "paragraph_text": "Henley Hearing was founded in 2008 by Leon Cox however, it is no longer called Henley Hearing Centre and has changed its name to the HEARING CLINIC HENLEY. as the UK's first hearing aid company to specialise in designer digital hearing aids. It was founded amid reports from the hearing charity RNID that some people delayed treatment of their hearing loss on aesthetic grounds. The company operates in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Berkshire. To ensure vulnerable patients did not get confused [Not to be confused with Henley Hearing Care]. The company traded from the Henley Chiropractic Clinic, 1 West Lane, Henley-on-thames since 2014. and moved to 25 hart street, Henley in 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Leeds", "paragraph_text": "Leeds is a city in West Yorkshire, England. Historically in Yorkshire's West Riding, the history of Leeds can be traced to the 5th century, when the name referred to a wooded area of the Kingdom of Elmet. The name has been applied to many administrative entities over the centuries. It changed from being the name of a small manorial borough in the 13th century, through several incarnations, to being the name attached to the present metropolitan borough. In the 17th and 18th centuries Leeds became a major centre for the production and trading of wool.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Players Tour Championship 2011/2012", "paragraph_text": "The Players Tour Championship 2011/2012 was a series of snooker tournaments which started on 18 June 2011 and ended on 18 March 2012 with events held in England and Europe. European events were no longer called Euro Players Tour Championship (EPTC) and were included alongside other PTC events. The twelve regular events were minor-ranking events, which were concluded with the Finals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Long Lane (Derbyshire)", "paragraph_text": "The Long Lane is the medieval and modern name of the Roman road that ran almost due westwards from Derventio, the Roman fort and \"vicus\" in the suburbs of modern Derby, through Derbyshire to Rocester (where there was a Roman settlement) and Draycott in the Moors. From that point onwards the same road -- no longer called \"The Long Lane\" -- continued through Staffordshire to Chesterton near Newcastle-under-Lyme. Its destination was Middlewich (Latin \"Salinae\"), from which the important city of Chester (Latin \"Deva\") was in easy reach.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "1999 IAAF World Race Walking Cup", "paragraph_text": "The 1999 IAAF World Race Walking Cup was held on 1 and 2 May 1999 in the streets of M\u00e9zidon-Canon, France. From this year on, there was no combined men's team trophy (Lugano Trophy), just the separate standings for the two races, and the women's team trophy was no longer called \"Eschborn Cup\" as before with their distance being increased from 10\u00a0km to 20\u00a0km.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Indian Creek (Miami Beach)", "paragraph_text": "Indian Creek is a partly natural and partly man-made waterway in the city of Miami Beach, Florida, United States. It starts as a man-made canal where Biscayne Bay meets Lincoln Road, and runs along Dade Boulevard, forming the boundary between South Beach and the rest of the city. At 24th street the canal opens into the natural waterway and continues north through the city past Allison Island where it opens into Biscayne Bay, till 71st Street where it merges with Normandy and Tatum Waterways and is no longer called Indian Creek.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John Birch (rugby league)", "paragraph_text": "John Wilkinson Birch was born 1878 in Garforth, Leeds to George Birch of Parlington and Alice Ellen Smith of Garforth he married Annie Simpson of Kippax in 1898. He died on the 10 October 1953 (aged 75) in Barwick in Elmet, Leeds while living on Chapel Lane. He was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s, playing at representative level for Great Britain, and England, and at club level for Leeds Parish Church, and Leeds (Heritage \u2116 130), as a prop , i.e. number 8 or 10, during the era of contested scrums.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Barwick-in-Elmet", "paragraph_text": "Barwick-in-Elmet is a village in West Yorkshire, 7 mi east of Leeds city centre. It is one of only three places in the area to be explicitly associated with the ancient Romano-British kingdom of Elmet, the others being Scholes-in-Elmet and Sherburn-in-Elmet. It is part of the civil parish of Barwick in Elmet and Scholes. The name Barwick comes form the Old English for \"barley wick\", and was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as \"Bereuuith\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Elmet", "paragraph_text": "Elmet (Welsh: \"Elfed\" ) was an area of what later became the West Riding of Yorkshire, and an independent Brittonic kingdom between about the 5th century and early 7th century.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kumo Xi", "paragraph_text": "The Kumo Xi (: \"K\u00f9m\u00f2 X\u012b\" ; called the Xi since the Sui dynasty (581-618 AD)), also Tatabi, were a Mongolic steppe people located in current northeast China from 207 AD to 907 AD. After the death of their ancestor Tadun in 207 they were no longer called Wuhuan but joined the Khitan Xianbei in submitting to the Yuwen Xianbei. Their history is widely linked to the more famous Khitan. During their history the Kumo Xi engaged in conflict with numerous Chinese dynasties and with the Khitans, eventually suffering a series of disastrous defeats to Chinese armies and coming under the domination of the Khitans. In 1007, the Kumo Xi were completely assimilated into the Khitan Liao Dynasty.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8752955542994775f607d1", "question_text": "What was the name of the team that represented an Arizona university in the conference that covers a broad expanse of the western United States, including Arizona, California, and New Mexico?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Arizona State Sun Devils"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Great Flood of 1862", "paragraph_text": "The Great Flood of 1862 was the largest flood in the recorded history of Oregon, Nevada, and California, occurring from December 1861 to January 1862. It was preceded by weeks of continuous rains and snows in the very high elevations that began in Oregon in November 1861 and continued into January 1862. This was followed by a record amount of rain from January 9\u201312, and contributed to a flood that extended from the Columbia River southward in western Oregon, and through California to San Diego, and extended as far inland as Idaho in the Washington Territory, Nevada and Utah in the Utah Territory, and Arizona in the western New Mexico Territory. Immense snowfalls in the mountains of the far western United States caused more flooding in Idaho, Arizona, New Mexico, and Sonora, Mexico the following spring and summer as the snow melted.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sclerobunus robustus", "paragraph_text": "Sclerobunus robustus is a species of harvestman that occurs in the western United States, including Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. The species formerly consisted of three subspecies, two of which (S. glorietus and S. idahoensis) were elevated to full species status in 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ann Cummins", "paragraph_text": "Ann Cummins is an American fiction writer. She was born in Durango, Colorado, and grew up in New Mexico. She is a graduate of writing programs at Johns Hopkins University and the University of Arizona. She is the author of a short story collection, \"Red Ant House\" (2003), and a novel, \"Yellowcake\" (Houghton Mifflin, 2007). Cummins lives in Flagstaff, Arizona, where she teaches creative writing at Northern Arizona University, and in Oakland, California, with her husband, the musician S. E. Willis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1st California Cavalry Regiment", "paragraph_text": "The 1st Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry was a cavalry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was first formed of five companies as 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry between August and October 31, 1861, at Camp Merchant near Oakland. After the battalion was organized it was sent to Southern California, three companies being stationed at Camp Latham, near Los Angeles, and two at Camp Carleton, near San Bernardino. November 20\u201329, 1861, a detachment under Second Lt. C. R. Wellman was stationed at Camp Wright, and pursued and captured Dan Showalter's party west of the San Jose Valley and Warner's Ranch. The battalion remained in Southern California until the spring of 1862, when it became part of the California Column, and formed the advance force of that Column during the march to New Mexico Territory and Texas. In 1863, the Regiment was brought to full strength when seven more companies were raised to bring it to a full strength of twelve companies. The five companies first organized were mustered out August 31, 1864, the terms of service of most of the men having expired. Two new companies, B and C, were organized in New Mexico, by consolidation of the few men whose terms had not expired, and by new enlistments, and two new companies were enlisted in California, A and E, which, upon the completion of their organization, were sent to Arizona. All of the companies of First Volunteer Cavalry (Companies B, C, F, G, H, K, and M) stationed in New Mexico and Texas, were ordered to assemble at Baird\u2019s Ranch, near Albuquerque, to be mustered out of the service, during the month of September, 1866. Company M was the last mustered out on the September 30, 1866. 1st Volunteer Cavalry Regiment spent its entire term of service in the western United States in California and New Mexico Territory and Texas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mountain West Conference", "paragraph_text": "The Mountain West Conference (MW) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) (formerly I-A). The MW officially began operations in July 1999. Geographically, the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States, with member schools located in California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest", "paragraph_text": "The Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest is a 2.76 e6acre United States National Forest which runs along the Mogollon Rim and the White Mountains in east-central Arizona and extending into the U.S. state of New Mexico. Both forests are managed as one unit by USDA Forest Service from the forests Supervisors Office in Springerville, Arizona. Apache-Sitgreaves has over 400 species of wildlife . With its high elevation and cool summer breezes it is a popular weekend destination from the hot desert for Phoenix, Arizona residents. The forest is divided into 5 Ranger Districts (Clifton, Alpine, Springerville, Lakeside, and Black Mesa) that span almost 300 mi from Clifton, Arizona in the east-central portion of Arizona to the eastern boundary of the Coconino National Forest in north-central Arizona. The Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest borders the western and northern borders of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. It is located in parts of Greenlee, Apache, Navajo, and Coconino counties in eastern and east-central Arizona, and Catron County in western New Mexico. The more northwesterly Sitgreaves National Forest portion lies adjacent to the north side of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation and is located entirely in Arizona, within Navajo, Apache, and Coconino counties. It has a total area of 818,651 acre . The more southeasterly and much larger Apache National Forest portion lies adjacent to the east side of the Fort Apache and the San Carlos Indian Reservations. It lies on both sides of the border with New Mexico, in Greenlee, Catron, and Apache counties. It has a total area of 1,813,601 acre .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Western Athletic Conference", "paragraph_text": "The Western Athletic Conference (WAC) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27, 1962 and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States, with member institutions located in Arizona, California, New Mexico, Utah, and Washington, along with the \"non-western\" states of Missouri and Illinois (traditionally associated with the Midwest), as well as Texas (traditionally associated with the Southwest).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1966 Arizona State Sun Devils football team", "paragraph_text": "The 1966 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State University in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1966 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Frank Kush, the Sun Devils compiled a 5\u20135 record (3\u20132 against WAC opponents), finished in a tie for second place in the WAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 174 to 166.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Enargia decolor", "paragraph_text": "The Pale Enargia or Aspen Twoleaf Tier (\"Enargia decolor\") is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It has a boreal-transcontinental distribution, occurring across the Canadian boreal plain and then southward through the western cordillera at higher elevations, where it is presumably limited by the availability of trembling aspen and possibly other poplars. Records range from northernmost British Columbia and south-western Northwest Territories east to New Brunswick. It has also been reported from Nova Scotia, Ohio and New York. In the western United States it is known from western Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming (Albany and Carbon counties), western Colorado, New Mexico (Grant Co.), and Arizona (Graham Co.). There are no records from the Rocky Mountain front ranges of Colorado, where it would be expected to be widespread if there is a continuous distribution southward into New Mexico and Arizona. The populations from west of the Rocky Mountains south to New Mexico and Arizona may represent a distinct species.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Phoradendron densum", "paragraph_text": "Phoradendron densum Trel. is a species of flowering plant in the sandalwood family known by the common name dense mistletoe. It is native to the western United States and northwestern Mexico, where it grows in various types of woodland habitat. It has been reported from California, Oregon, Arizona and Baja California. This mistletoe parasitizes species of cypress, including Arizona cypress (\"Cupressus arizonica\"), and juniper (Juniperus spp.) .", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7a48c45542994f819ef1b7", "question_text": "With whom was a notable partner of Elena Krykanova a two-time Olympic champion with?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Oksana Grishuk"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ludmila Belousova", "paragraph_text": "Ludmila Yevgenyevna Belousova (Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 ; 22 November 1935 \u2013 29 September 2017) was a Russian pair skater who represented the Soviet Union. With her partner and husband Oleg Protopopov she was a two-time Olympic champion (1964, 1968) and four-time World champion (1965\u20131968). In 1979 the pair defected to Switzerland and became Swiss citizens in 1995. They continued to skate at ice shows and exhibitions through their seventies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Evgeni Platov", "paragraph_text": "Evgeni Arkadievich Platov (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 , born August 7, 1967) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. He is best known for his partnership with Oksana Grishuk from 1989\u20131998. With Grishuk, he is a two-time Olympic champion (1994, 1998), four-time World champion (1994\u20131997), and three-time European champion (1996\u20131998).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hrant Shahinyan", "paragraph_text": "Hrant Shahinyan (Armenian: \u0540\u0580\u0561\u0576\u057f \u0547\u0561\u0570\u056b\u0576\u0575\u0561\u0576 ) (July 30, 1923 \u2013 May 29, 1996) also known as Grant Shaginyan was a Soviet Armenian gymnast. Specializing in the still rings and pommel horse, he is a two-time Olympic Champion, two-time World Champion and seven-time USSR Champion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Oksana Grishuk", "paragraph_text": "Oksana (Pasha) Vladimirovna Grishuk (Russian: \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u041f\u0430\u0448\u0430) \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0443\u043a ; born March 17, 1972) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. She is best known for her partnership with Evgeni Platov from 1989\u20131998. With Platov, she is a two-time Olympic champion (1994, 1998), four-time World champion (1994\u20131997), and three-time European champion (1996\u20131998). With previous partner Alexandr Chichkov, she is the 1988 World Junior champion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Elena Krykanova", "paragraph_text": "Elena Krykanova, also romanized as Krikanova, (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 ) is a former ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union. With former partner Evgeni Platov, she is a three-time World Junior champion (1984\u20131986). They began skating together around December 1976 in Odessa and were coached by Boris Rublev until 1982 when they moved to Moscow to train under Natalia Dubova.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gail Devers", "paragraph_text": "Yolanda Gail Devers ( ; born November 19, 1966) is an American retired track and field athlete. A two-time Olympic champion in the 100 meters for the USA, her 1996 win made her only the second woman (after Wyomia Tyus) to successfully defend an Olympic 100m title. She won a third Olympic gold medal in the 4 x 100m relay in 1996. She is also the 1993 World champion in the 100m and a three-time World champion in the 100m hurdles. In 2011, she was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dietmar Schauerhammer", "paragraph_text": "Dietmar Schauerhammer (born 12 August 1955 in Neustadt an der Orla, Thuringia) is an East German two-time Winter Olympic champion, pentathlete, decathlete and bob pusher for six-time World champion, two-time Olympic champion, four-time European champion, two-time German champion and five-time GDR champion Wolfgang Hoppe who competed during the 1980s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he won three medals with two golds (Two-man: 1984, Four-man: 1984) and one silver (Four-man: 1988).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Adam Batirov", "paragraph_text": "Adam Alavdinovich Batirov (Russian: \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0410\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432 ; born 13 January 1985 in Dagestan) is an Avar Dagestani-born Russian Naturalized Bahraini freestyle wrestler. He is World Cadet Championships runner-up and Cadet European Champion (2002). Three time Ivan Yarygin winner, National Russian Freestyle wrestling Champion (2007). Senior European Champion. At the 2016 Asian Wrestling Championships he won gold medal, in final match he beat Kumar Vinod of India. Adam is the younger brother of two-time Olympic Champion Mavlet Batirov. After won 2016 World Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament 1 he qualified Bahrain for the 2016 Summer Olympics. But he lost in round one to Ikhtiyor Navruzov from Uzbekistan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Roman Vlasov", "paragraph_text": "Roman Andreyevich Vlasov (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 ; born 6 October 1990) is a Russian Greco-Roman wrestler. He is a two-time Olympic Champion (2012, 2016), a two-time World Champion (2011, 2015), and a two-time European Champion (2012, 2013). He also won the gold medal at the 2013 Summer Universiade. Furthermore, he was runner-up at the 2013 World Championships and the 2014 and 2015 World Cup. Vlasov trains under Viktor Kuznetsov, the same coach who raised Aleksandr Karelin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Randy Lewis (wrestler)", "paragraph_text": "Randall Scott \"Randy\" Lewis (born June 7, 1959, in Rapid City, South Dakota) is an American wrestler and olympic champion. He competed at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, where he received a gold medal in freestyle featherweight. After winning three high school state titles in South Dakota, he was a four-time All-American and two-time NCAA champion at the University of Iowa. A two-time Olympian, and 1984 Olympic champion in Los Angeles. At Iowa, he was a four-time All-American and two-time NCAA champion. Was member of 1980 Olympic team but President Jimmy Carter's boycott prevented the U.S. team from traveling to the Games in Moscow. Won gold medal at 136.5 pounds in freestyle wrestling at 1984 Olympics, outscoring his first four opponents 52-4 to advance to the final, where he crushed Japan's Kosei Akaishi 24-11 in 4:52. He was second in the 1988 Olympic trials to John Smith, who wound up winning a gold medal. Lewis was also 1983 Pan American Games champion.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a860d09554299211dda2a53", "question_text": " What was the address of the building on U.S. Route 3 that was the tallest building in New Hampshire when completed in 1972?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1000 Elm Street"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)", "paragraph_text": "U.S. Bank Tower, formerly Library Tower and First Interstate Bank World Center, is a 1018 ft skyscraper at 633 West Fifth Street in downtown Los Angeles, California. It is the third tallest building in California, the second tallest building in LA, the fifteenth tallest in the United States, the third tallest west of the Mississippi River after the Salesforce Tower and the Wilshire Grand Center, and the 92nd tallest building in the world, after being surpassed by the Wilshire Grand Center. Because local building codes required all high-rise buildings to have a helipad, it was known as the tallest building in the world with a roof-top heliport from its completion in 1989 to 2004 when Taipei 101 opened. It is also the third tallest building in a major active seismic region; its structure was designed to resist an earthquake of 8.3 on the Richter scale. It consists of 73 stories above ground and two parking levels below ground. Construction began in 1987 with completion in 1989. The building was designed by Henry N. Cobb of the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners and cost $350 million to build. It is one of the most recognizable buildings in Los Angeles, and often appears in establishing shots for the city in films and television programs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "New Jersey Route 3", "paragraph_text": "Route 3 is a state highway in the northern part of New Jersey in the United States. The route runs 10.84 mi from U.S. Route 46 in Clifton, Passaic County to U.S. Route 1/9 in North Bergen, Hudson County. Route 3 is sometimes called the Secaucus Bypass within Secaucus. The route is a divided highway for its entire length, with most of the highway considered a freeway, except the westernmost part, which contains direct access to a few businesses. Route 3 intersects many major roads, including the Garden State Parkway and Route 21 in Clifton, the western spur of the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95) in East Rutherford, the eastern spur of the New Jersey Turnpike in Secaucus, and Route 495 in North Bergen. A commuting route for northern New Jersey to the Lincoln Tunnel into New York City by way of Route 495, Route 3 also provides access to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford. The road inspired a story in \"The New Yorker\" in 2004 by Ian Frazier.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of tallest buildings in Upstate New York", "paragraph_text": "Upstate New York, broadly defined as a region of the U.S. state of New York north of New York City and Westchester County, is home to several skyscrapers and high-rises. The tallest building in New York State is the 104-story One World Trade Center, which was completed in 2014 and rises to 1776 ft in Lower Manhattan, New York City. New York City, the largest city in the United States, is home to the vast majority of the skyscrapers in New York; outside the city, most of the state's skyscrapers are concentrated in Albany, Buffalo and Rochester. The tallest building in Upstate New York is the 44-story Erastus Corning Tower, which rises 589 ft in Albany, the state's capital city. Although the building is the tallest in the upstate region by a significant margin, it does not appear in the 100-tallest buildings in New York state when New York City skyscrapers are included in the ranking. The second-tallest building in the upstate region is the 529 ft One HSBC Center, which also stands as the tallest building in the city of Buffalo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of tallest buildings in Adelaide", "paragraph_text": "This list of tallest buildings in Adelaide ranks the tallest buildings in Adelaide, South Australia by height. The tallest building in Adelaide is currently the 31\u2013story Westpac House, which rises 132 m and was completed in 1988, as of October 2013 it is Australia's 115th tallest building. There are numerous projects either underway or planned in Adelaide, if constructed, Frome Central Tower 1 (11-27 Frome Street) would reach 134 m , therefore becoming the city's tallest building. The tallest approved building in Adelaide is the Sofitel Hotel (104-108 Currie Street), which will be 115 m , it is planned to become the city's second tallest building upon completion. Height restrictions\u2013enforced since the 1990s\u2013have limited the amount of skyscrapers constructed in the city although they have been eased in recent times.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "U.S. Bank Center (Milwaukee)", "paragraph_text": "U.S. Bank Center is a skyscraper located in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, noted for being the tallest building in the state of Wisconsin, and the tallest building between Chicago and Minneapolis. Standing 601 ft and 42 stories tall, the building has a floor area of 1,077,607 ft2 and it surpassed the Milwaukee City Hall as both the tallest building in the city and the state. Topped off August 29, 1972, and completed in 1973, it was the headquarters for what eventually became Firstar Corporation from 1973 to 2001. The building was designed by Bruce Graham and James DeStefano of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and engineered by Fazlur Rahman Khan. s of 2017 , the building is home to the headquarters of Foley & Lardner, Robert W. Baird & Company, Sensient Technologies Corporation, and is the Milwaukee office for U.S. Bank, IBM, KPMG, and CBRE.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of tallest buildings in Indianapolis", "paragraph_text": "This list of tallest buildings in Indianapolis ranks skyscrapers and high-rises in the U.S. city of Indianapolis, Indiana, by height. Majority of the skyscrapers are located in Downtown Indianapolis. The tallest building in the city is the 49-story SalesforceTower, which rises 811 ft and was completed in 1990. The structure is the tallest completed building in the state and the 49th-tallest building in the U.S. In addition, it is the tallest building in the Midwest outside of Chicago and Cleveland. The city's second tallest structure is the OneAmerica Tower, which was the tallest building in Indiana from 1982 until 1990. Of the 40 tallest buildings in Indiana, 34 are located in Indianapolis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "City Hall Plaza (Manchester)", "paragraph_text": "City Hall Plaza, City Hall Plaza Tower or 900 Elm Street (U.S. Route 3), is a prominent 275 ft office tower in Manchester, New Hampshire. Since its completion in 1992, City Hall Plaza has been the tallest building in the city of Manchester, the state of New Hampshire, and northern New England (the states of New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont). It is shorter than most of the tallest buildings in Boston, Hartford, New Haven, and Providence. The tower is used as office space for private businesses and for the Manchester city government.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of tallest buildings in Corpus Christi", "paragraph_text": "This list of tallest buildings in Corpus Christi ranks high-rises in the U.S. city of Corpus Christi, Texas by height. The tallest building in Corpus Christi is the 28-story One Shoreline Plaza South Tower, which rises 411 feet (125 m) and was completed in 1988. It also stands as the tallest building in Texas south of San Antonio. The building is located on a complex which also contains the second tallest building in the city at 375 feet (114 m). The third tallest building is the Frost Bank Plaza. It stood as the city's tallest building from 1983 to 1988.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Brady Sullivan Plaza", "paragraph_text": "Brady Sullivan Plaza, formerly known as the Hampshire Plaza, is a 259 ft , 20-story high-rise located at 1000 Elm Street, Manchester, New Hampshire. For 20 years, from its completion in 1972 until the completion of the 275 ft One City Hall Plaza at 900 Elm Street in 1992, it was the tallest building in the U.S. state of New Hampshire and in northern New England. The building is recognizable as a box-shaped structure, with black tinted windows and black architectural features.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pittsburg-Chartierville Border Crossing", "paragraph_text": "The Pittsburg-Chartierville Border Crossing connects the towns of Chartierville, Quebec and Pittsburg, New Hampshire. The crossing can be reached by U.S. Route 3 on the American side and by Quebec Route 257 on the Canadian side. It is the only international land border crossing in the state of New Hampshire. Pittsburg is notable for being the largest township (in terms of land area) in the continental United States. Although the US operated a border station at Connecticut Lakes as far back as the 1930s, the facility consisted of a small one-room structure, and later a mobile home. The US did not have a permanent inspection facility at the border until 1960, and the northernmost stretch of U.S. Route 3 remained unpaved until about 1970. In 2012, the United States built a new border inspection facility.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77a7695542997042120ac4", "question_text": "Which documentary is the oldest, The Private Life of Plants or Marx Reloaded?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Private Life of Plants"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Marx Reloaded", "paragraph_text": "Marx Reloaded is a 2011 German documentary film written and directed by the British writer and theorist Jason Barker. Featuring interviews with several well-known philosophers, the film aims to examine the relevance of Karl Marx's ideas in relation to the Great Recession. The film's title is a wordplay on \"The Matrix Reloaded\", the sequel to \"The Matrix,\" which is parodied in the documentary.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Marx in Soho", "paragraph_text": "Marx in Soho is a 1999 one-man play written by American historian Howard Zinn, about the life of 19th-century philosopher Karl Marx. Zinn wrote the play to \"show Marx as few people knew him, as a family man, struggling to support his wife and children.\" The play is set in the New York City neighborhood of Soho, a humorous nod to the London neighborhood of the same name in which Marx spent much of his life.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Private Life of Louis XIV", "paragraph_text": "The Private Life of Louis XIV or Liselotte of the Palatinate (German:Liselotte von der Pfalz) is a 1935 German historical film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Renate M\u00fcller, Eugen Kl\u00f6pfer and Maria Krahn. The film's English language release title is a reference to the hit British film \"The Private Life of Henry VIII\" (1933).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Private Life of the Kingfisher", "paragraph_text": "The Private Life of the Kingfisher (styled in its opening titles as \"The private life of the KINGFISHER), made in 1966 and screened in 1967 as episode 144 of the nature series \"Look\", was the first BBC natural history film to be shown in colour.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Une double famille", "paragraph_text": "Une double famille (\"A Second Home\") is a lengthy short story by Honor\u00e9 de Balzac, which first appeared in 1830 under the title \"La femme vertueuse\" (\"The Virtuous Woman\"). It was subsequently published in 1832 by Mame et Delaunay as part of Balzac's \"Sc\u00e8nes de la vie priv\u00e9e\" (\"Scenes from Private Life\"). In 1835 it appeared, in an edition by Madame B\u00e9chet, in the collection \"\u00c9tudes de m\u0153urs\" (\"Studies of Manners\"). The novel only acquired its present title in 1842, when the fifth edition appeared in Volume I of the \"Scenes from Private Life\", which was also the first volume of Balzac's \"La Com\u00e9die humaine\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Work\u2013life interface", "paragraph_text": "Work\u2013life interface is the intersection of work and private life. There are many aspects of one's personal life that can intersect with work including family, leisure, and health. Work\u2013life interface is bidirectional; for instance, work can interfere with private life, and private life can interfere with work. This interface can be adverse in nature (e.g., work-life conflict) or can be beneficial (e.g., work-life enrichment) in nature.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Private Life of Plants", "paragraph_text": "The Private Life of Plants is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough, first shown in the United Kingdom from 11 January 1995.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Groucho: A Life in Revue", "paragraph_text": "Groucho: A Life in Revue is a stage play written by Groucho Marx's son Arthur Marx and Robert Fisher . With musical direction by Jim Grady. It is a look at the life and career of the famous entertainer Groucho Marx of the Marx Brothers and \"You Bet Your Life\" fame. It opened off-Broadway at the Lucille Lortel Theatre on October 8, 1986 and played 254 performances closing on May 3, 1987. It starred 23-year-old actor Frank Ferrante as Groucho Marx from age 15 to 85, Les Marsden as Harpo Marx and Chico Marx, Faith Prince as The Girls and Rusty Magee as The Citizen of Freedonia. It was directed by Arthur Marx. The play opened to rave reviews. \" The New York Times\" wrote, \"There is laughter in abundance\" and described Ferrante's performance as \"artful...his timing is digital sharp.\" The \"New York Post\" dubbed it \"hilarious...a brilliant revue.\" \"Groucho\" was nominated for two NY Outer Critics Circle Awards - one for Best Play and one for Ferrante's performance. Ferrante won a 1987 New York Theatre World Award for 'Outstanding New Talent.' The play was produced by Nancy and Ronnie Horowitz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Chico Marx", "paragraph_text": "Leonard Marx (March 22, 1887 \u2013 October 11, 1961), known professionally as Chico Marx, was an American comedian, musician, bandleader, actor and film star. He was a member of the Marx Brothers (Groucho Marx, Harpo Marx, and Zeppo Marx). His persona in the act was that of a charming, dim-witted albeit crafty con artist, seemingly of rural Italian origin, who wore shabby clothes and sported a curly-haired wig and Tyrolean hat. In virtually every film that includes the main trio of the Marx Brothers, Chico is seen working with Harpo Marx, usually as partners in crime. Leonard was the oldest of the Marx Brothers to live past early childhood (first-born Manfred Marx had died in infancy). In addition to his work as a performer, he played an important role in the management and development of the act in its early years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Private Life of the Gannets", "paragraph_text": "The Private Life of the Gannets is a 1934 British short documentary film, directed by Julian Huxley, about a colony of Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus) on the small rocky island of Grassholm, off the coast of Wales. It received a special mention at the 3rd Venice International Film Festival in 1935 and won the Best Short Subject (One-Reel) at the 10th Academy Awards in 1938. The title was chosen by producer Alexander Korda as a reference to \"The Private Life of Henry VIII\" (1933), his breakthrough film of the previous year.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77e70f5542992a6e59dfeb", "question_text": "What is the title of the 1979 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play in which the English poet, actor, political activist and dramatist who wrote wrote a number of book-length polemical poems such as \"Autogeddon\", \"Falling for a Dolphin\" and \"Whale Nation\" played a main character?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Tempest"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Holy Sonnets", "paragraph_text": "The Holy Sonnets\u2014also known as the Divine Meditations or Divine Sonnets\u2014are a series of nineteen poems by the English poet John Donne (1572\u20131631). The sonnets were first published in 1633\u2014two years after Donne's death. The poems are sonnets and are predominantly in the style and form prescribed by Renaissance Italian poet Petrarch (or Francesco Petrarca) (1304\u20131374) in which the sonnet consisted of two quatrains (four-line stanzas) and a sestet (a six-line stanza). However, several rhythmic and structural patterns as well as the inclusion of couplets are elements influenced by the sonnet form developed by English poet and playwright William Shakespeare (1564\u20131616).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Shakespeare bibliography", "paragraph_text": "William Shakespeare (1564\u20131616) was an English poet and playwright. He wrote approximately 38 plays and 154 sonnets, as well as a variety of other poems.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Henry Carey (writer)", "paragraph_text": "Henry Carey (c. 26 August 1687 \u2013 5 October 1743) was an English poet, dramatist and song-writer. He is remembered as an anti-Walpolean satirist and also as a patriot. Several of his melodies continue to be sung today, and he was widely praised in the generation after his death. Because he worked in anonymity, selling his own compositions to others to pass off as their own, contemporary scholarship can only be certain of some of his poetry, and a great deal of the music he composed was written for theatrical incidental music. However, under his own name and hand, he was a prolific song writer and balladeer, and he wrote the lyrics for almost all of these songs. Further, he wrote numerous operas and plays. His life is illustrative of the professional author in the early 18th century. Without inheritance or title or governmental position, he wrote for all of the remunerative venues, and yet he also kept his own political point of view and was able to score significant points against the ministry of the day. Further, he was one of the leading lights of the new \"Patriotic\" movement in drama.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge", "paragraph_text": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( ; 21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets. He wrote the poems \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner\" and \"Kubla Khan\", as well as the major prose work \"Biographia Literaria\". His critical work, especially on William Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English-speaking culture. Coleridge coined many familiar words and phrases, including suspension of disbelief. He was a major influence on Ralph Waldo Emerson and American transcendentalism.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sonnet 154", "paragraph_text": "As the last in the famed collection of sonnets written by English poet and playwright William Shakespeare from 1592 to 1598, Sonnet 154 is most often thought of in a pair with the previous sonnet, number 153. As A. L. Rowse states in \"Shakespeare's Sonnets: The Problems Solved\", Sonnets 153 and 154 \"are not unsuitably placed as a kind of coda to the Dark Lady Sonnets, to which they relate.\" Rowse calls attention to the fact that Sonnets 153 and 154 \"serve quite well to round off the affair Shakespeare had with Emilia, the woman characterized as the Dark Lady, and the section of the Dark Lady sonnets\". Shakespeare used Greek mythology to address love and despair in relationships. The material in Sonnets 153 and 154 has been shown to relate to the six-line epigram by the Byzantine poet known as Marianus Scholasticus, who published a collection of 3,500 poems called \"The Greek Anthology\". When translated, the epigram resembles Sonnets 153 and 154, addressing love and the story of Cupid, the torch, and the Nymph's attempt to extinguish the torch.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "William Shakespeare", "paragraph_text": "William Shakespeare ( ; 26 April 1564 (baptised)\u00a0\u2013 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet, and the \"Bard of Avon\". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Tempest (1979 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Tempest is a 1979 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play of the same name. Directed by Derek Jarman, with Heathcote Williams as Prospero, it also stars Toyah Willcox, Jack Birkett and Helen Wellington-Lloyd from Jarman's previous feature, \"Jubilee\" (1977), as well as his long-time cohort Karl Johnson.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Charles Goodall (poet)", "paragraph_text": "Charles Goodall (1671\u2014May 11, 1689) is a minor English poet. A student of Eton College and then Merton College, Oxford, he wrote a number of romantic and erotic poems referring to male students at said colleges. In 1689, the year of his death, he put together a collection entitled \"Poems and Translations\" which contains 33 poems with male-male subject matter, eleven regarding women, and 13 to a mistress named 'Idera' (considered probably imaginary). A number of the homoerotic poems have been rewritten to remove the same-sex subject matter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Heathcote Williams", "paragraph_text": "John Henley Heathcote-Williams (15 November 1941 \u2013 1 July 2017), known as Heathcote Williams, was an English poet, actor, political activist and dramatist. He wrote a number of book-length polemical poems including \"Autogeddon\", \"Falling for a Dolphin\" and \"Whale Nation\", which in 1988 became, according to Philip Hoare, \"the most powerful argument for the newly instigated worldwide ban on whaling.\" Williams invented his idiosyncratic \"documentary/investigative poetry\" style which he put to good purpose bringing a diverse range of environmental and political matters to public attention. His last published work, \"American Porn\" was a critique of the American political establishment and the election of President Donald Trump: Publication date was the date of Trump's inauguration (20 January 2017). In June 2015, he published a book-length investigative poem about the \"Muslim Gandhi\", Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, \"Badshah Khan\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Isabella Cervoni", "paragraph_text": "Isabella Cervoni (Colle Val d'Elsa, 1575\u20131600) was an Italian poet of the Counter-Reformation period, active between 1590 and 1600. She wrote encomiastic and polemical poems addressed to numerous secular and religious dignitaries of the Italian Renaissance, including Pope Clement VIII, Maria de' Medici, Christina of Lorraine and Henry IV of France. She was praised for her talent and ambition by Cristoforo Bronzini in his 1625 dialogue \"Della dignit\u00e0 delle donne, dialogo\u2026settimana prima e giornata quarta\" as having \"given the world many beautiful and spiritual compositions\" despite her \"most tender age.\"", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abf64265542997ec76fd3eb", "question_text": "Dance and Laugh Amongst the Rotten is a studio Album by a band from which country ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the Netherlands"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Dance (Keller Williams album)", "paragraph_text": "Dance is the seventh studio album by Keller Williams, released in 2003. It contains remixes of songs from his preceding album, Laugh.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "N.W.U", "paragraph_text": "N.W.U is a 2016 Japanese-language album by South Korean rock band F.T. Island and is the band's seventh Japanese studio album. N.W.U is an acronym of 'Naite' (\u6ce3\u3044\u3066, to cry), 'Waratte' (\u7b11\u3063\u3066, to laugh), 'Utatte' (\u6b4c\u3063\u3066, to sing). The album was released on 6 April 2016 and became top selling album that week in Japan's Tower Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Live! (The Beau Brummels album)", "paragraph_text": "Live! is a live album by American rock group The Beau Brummels. The album, released in August 2000 by Dig Music, was recorded in February 1974 near Sacramento, California, shortly after it was announced that the band had reunited. The album includes a mix of performances of their most commercially singles, including \"Laugh, Laugh\" and \"Just a Little,\" as well as then-new material, some of which would be recorded for the band's 1975 eponymous studio album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dance and Laugh Amongst the Rotten", "paragraph_text": "Dance and Laugh Amongst the Rotten is the fifth studio album by Dutch symphonic black metal band Carach Angren. It was released on June 16, 2017 via Season of Mist.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Suicidal Tendencies discography", "paragraph_text": "The discography of Suicidal Tendencies, a Los Angeles-based crossover thrash band formed in 1980 by vocalist Mike Muir, consists of twelve studio albums, four compilation albums, one extended play, eighteen singles and twenty-two music videos. Their first studio album, \"Suicidal Tendencies\", was released in 1983 but failed to chart. Their second album, \"Join the Army\", was released four years later and peaked at number 100 in the United States and number 81 in the UK. The album caught the attention of Epic Records, who signed Suicidal Tendencies in 1988. The band released their first album for the label, \"How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Can't Even Smile Today\", in September 1988, and in the following year they released \"Controlled by Hatred/Feel Like Shit...D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\", which was their first album to be certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Laugh Now, Laugh Later", "paragraph_text": "Laugh Now, Laugh Later is the seventh studio album by American punk rock band Face to Face, which was released on May 17, 2011 through Antagonist Records, a label run by the band's lead singer and guitarist Trever Keith. It marks 9 years since the release of Face to Face's previous studio album \"How to Ruin Everything\" in 2002. It is their first release with second guitarist Chad Yaro in 11 years, since 2000's \"Reactionary\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Rotten Agenda", "paragraph_text": "The Rotten Agenda is the third and final studio album by the American hardcore punk band Aus-Rotten, released in 2001 on Rotten Propaganda Records. The record label bears the name of lead vocalist/lyricist Dave Trenga's anarchist DIY newspaper \"Rotten Propaganda\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Carach Angren", "paragraph_text": "Carach Angren ( ) is a symphonic black metal band from the Netherlands, formed by two members of the now-defunct bands Inger Indolia and Vaultage. They have three steady members with previously frequent guest appearances for the violin parts. Their style is characterized by prominent use of orchestral arrangements. All of their studio albums are concept albums with lyrics based on ghost stories and folk lore, such as \"Flying Dutchman\". They set themselves apart from other symphonic black metal artists in showcasing songs often using multiple languages apart from English, such as French, German and Dutch, though every song does use English as a baseline and certain choruses or sections will make the transition.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Wish You Were Here (Mark Wills album)", "paragraph_text": "Wish You Were Here is the second studio album of American country music artist Mark Wills. Released on May 5, 1998, on Mercury Nashville Records, the album produced four singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, all of which made top 10: \"I Do (Cherish You)\", \"Don't Laugh at Me\", \"Wish You Were Here\", and \"She's in Love\". The album itself peaked at #8 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums charts and #74 on The Billboard 200. It also received RIAA platinum certification for U.S. sales of one million copies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Don't Laugh Now", "paragraph_text": "Don't Laugh Now was Ray Stevens' nineteenth studio album and his third and final for RCA Records, released in 1982. The front of the album cover shows Stevens looking pensive and holding a comedy mask, while the back cover shows Stevens smiling and holding a tragedy mask. Two singles were lifted from the album: \"Written Down in My Heart\" and \"Where the Sun Don't Shine,\" both of which became minor country hits.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8051265542992bc0c4a6f8", "question_text": "Tommy Swerdlow co-wrote the screenplay of what film directed by Jon Turteltaub?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Cool Runnings"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tommy Swerdlow", "paragraph_text": "Tommy Swerdlow is an American actor and screenwriter. He has appeared in such films as \"Howard the Duck\" (1986) and \"Spaceballs\" (1987) and co-wrote the screenplays of \"Cool Runnings\" (1993), \"Little Giants\" (1994) and \"Snow Dogs\" (2002). Swerdlow made his directorial debut with the 2017 feature \"A Thousand Junkies\". He has also written a biopic about the life of Matisyahu titled \"King Without a Crown\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "National Treasure (film)", "paragraph_text": "National Treasure is a 2004 American adventure heist film produced and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It was written by Jim Kouf and the Wibberleys, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and directed by Jon Turteltaub. It is the first film in the \"National Treasure\" franchise and stars Nicolas Cage, Harvey Keitel, Jon Voight, Diane Kruger, Sean Bean, Justin Bartha and Christopher Plummer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Trabbi Goes to Hollywood", "paragraph_text": "Trabbi Goes to Hollywood (English title: Driving Me Crazy) is a 1991 US comedy film directed by Jon Turteltaub, starring Thomas Gottschalk, Billy Dee Williams, Dom DeLuise, and James Tolkan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Last Vegas", "paragraph_text": "Last Vegas is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Jon Turteltaub, written by Dan Fogelman and starring Michael Douglas, Robert De Niro, Morgan Freeman, Kevin Kline and Mary Steenburgen. The plot surrounds three retirees who travel to Las Vegas to have a bachelor party for their last remaining single friend.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Meg (film)", "paragraph_text": "Meg is an upcoming American science fiction action horror film directed by Jon Turteltaub and written by Dean Georgaris. It is based on the 1997 science fiction book \"\" by Steve Alten. The film stars Jason Statham, Jessica McNamee, Li Bingbing, Ruby Rose, Rainn Wilson, Cliff Curtis, and Robert Taylor. The film will be released by Warner Bros. on August 10, 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Think Big (film)", "paragraph_text": "Think Big is a 1990 adventure/comedy film directed by Jon Turteltaub starring the \"Barbarian Brothers\" Peter and David Paul. The film follows the misadventures of a pair of twin brother truck drivers who aide a teenage runaway. Also features cameos from character actors such as Michael Winslow, Richard Moll, Richard Kiel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "3 Ninjas (film)", "paragraph_text": "3 Ninjas is a 1992 American martial arts comedy film directed by Jon Turteltaub, starring Victor Wong, Michael Treanor, Max Elliott Slade, and Chad Power. It was the only \"3 Ninjas \"film released by Touchstone Pictures, while the others were released by TriStar Pictures. The film is about three young brothers who learn martial arts from their Japanese grandfather.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "National Treasure: Book of Secrets", "paragraph_text": "National Treasure: Book of Secrets (released on home video as National Treasure 2: Book of Secrets) is a 2007 mystery adventure film directed by Jon Turteltaub and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. It is a sequel to the 2004 film \"National Treasure\" and is the second part of the \"National Treasure\" franchise. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Diane Kruger, Justin Bartha, Jon Voight, Harvey Keitel, Ed Harris, Bruce Greenwood, and Helen Mirren.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cool Runnings", "paragraph_text": "Cool Runnings is a 1993 American comedy sports film directed by Jon Turteltaub and starring Leon, Doug E. Doug, Rawle D. Lewis, Malik Yoba and John Candy. The film was released in the United States on October 1, 1993. It was Candy's third to last film of his career and the last of his films to be released during his lifetime. It is loosely based on the true story of the Jamaica national bobsleigh team's debut in competition during the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The film received positive reviews, and the film's soundtrack also became popular with Jimmy Cliff's cover of \"I Can See Clearly Now\" reaching the top 40 as a single in nations such as Canada, France, and the UK.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "A Thousand Junkies", "paragraph_text": "A Thousand Junkies is a 2017 American comedy-drama film directed by and starring Tommy Swerdlow. It is Swerdlow's directorial debut.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77137455429972597f142a", "question_text": "Who died more recently, Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche or Ferdinand Porsche", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Wolfgang Porsche", "paragraph_text": "Wolfgang Heinz Porsche (born Stuttgart May 10, 1943) is a German manager and a member of the Porsche family dynasty. He is a shareholder and chairman of the Supervisory Board of Porsche Automobil Holding SE as well as of Porsche AG. He is the youngest son of Ferdinand (Ferry) Porsche and Dorothea Reitz. His oldest brother is Ferdinand (Butzi) Porsche, designer of the Porsche 911.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Louise Pi\u00ebch", "paragraph_text": "Louise Hedwig Anna Wilhelmine Pi\u00ebch (n\u00e9e Porsche; 29 August 1904, in Wiener Neustadt \u2013 10 February 1999, in Zell am See) was the daughter of automotive pioneer Ferdinand Porsche. In 1928, she married Anton Pi\u00ebch, a lawyer from Vienna who from 1941 to 1945 led the KdF-Wagen (Volkswagen) factory in KdF-Stadt (present day Wolfsburg).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Porsche SE", "paragraph_text": "Porsche Automobil Holding SE, usually shortened to Porsche SE (] ), is a German holding company with investments in the automotive industry. Porsche SE is headquartered in Zuffenhausen, a city district of Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and is owned by the Porsche and Pi\u00ebch families. The company was founded in Stuttgart as \"Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH\" in 1931 by Ferdinand Porsche (1875\u20131951) and his son-in-law Anton Pi\u00ebch (1894\u20131952).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche", "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche (19 September 1909\u00a0\u2013 27 March 1998), mainly known as Ferry Porsche, was an Austrian technical automobile designer and automaker-entrepreneur. He operated Porsche AG in Stuttgart, Germany. His father, Ferdinand Porsche, Sr. was also a renowned automobile engineer and founder of Volkswagen and Porsche. His nephew, Dr. Ferdinand Pi\u00ebch, is the longtime chairman of Volkswagen Group, and his son, Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, was involved in the design of the 911.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Porsche 356/1", "paragraph_text": "The Porsche 356/1 was the first real Porsche car created by Ferdinand \"Ferry\" Porsche. This prototype car was a two-seater open roadster with a mid-mounted, air-cooled flat-4 engine of 1,131 cc displacement that produced 40 hp . While the body was an original design, most of the mechanicals (including engine and suspension) were derived from the Volkswagen Beetle which Ferry's father, Ferdinand Porsche, had designed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ferdinand Porsche", "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand Porsche (3 September 1875\u00a0\u2013 30 January 1951) was an automotive engineer and founder of the Porsche car company. He is best known for creating the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle (Lohner-Porsche), the Volkswagen Beetle, the Mercedes-Benz SS/SSK, several other important developments and Porsche automobiles. In addition, Porsche designed the 1923 Benz Tropfenwagen, which was the first racing car with a mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ferdinand Alexander Porsche", "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand Alexander Porsche (11 December 1935\u00a0\u2013 5 April 2012), nicknamed \"Butzi\", son of Ferry Porsche, grandson of Ferdinand Porsche, was a German designer whose best known product was the first Porsche 911.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ferdinand Oliver Porsche", "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand Oliver Porsche (born 13 March 1961 in Stuttgart) is a German lawyer and member of the Supervisory Board of the German sports car manufacturer Porsche. Son of Ferdinand Alexander Porsche and great-grandson of automotive pioneer Ferdinand Porsche, he completed his M. A. studies in Law, Publishing, and Political Science at the University of Salzburg, subsequently taking his Doctor\u2019s Degree in Law and his MBA at the University of Miami.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Porsche P1", "paragraph_text": "The Porsche P1, otherwise known as the Egger-Lohner electric vehicle, C.2 Phaeton model, is the world's first Porsche. It is designed by Ferdinand Porsche and is considered to be the first stepping stone for him before he and his son created the company, Porsche. The vehicle resembles a wooden crate or an old horse-drawn carriage but it is actually an electrically motored vehicle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Porsche family", "paragraph_text": "The Porsche family is a prominent Austrian family of industrialists descending from the automotive pioneer Ferdinand Porsche. Its members have full ownership of the Porsche SE automobile corporation and majority voting rights of the Volkswagen AG, the biggest automaker in the world.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a75da6d5542992db94736fa", "question_text": "The Declaration of Montreal was the founding document of which world event, lasting from July 26-August 5, 2006?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The 1st World Outgames"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Statphys", "paragraph_text": "STATPHYS is an international conference on statistical physics of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). The series of conferences take place every three years in a different continent to give the maximum international relevance and visibility to the event. It is the world event for the broad field of statistical physics and all its interdisciplinary developments. The first meeting was in Florence in 1948. After a pioneering period the periodicity of three years was established and the conference has acquired more and more importance. The participation has reached peaks up to 1500 participants in the recent years. Also on the occasion of this conference the prestigious Boltzmann medal is awarded. In addition several satellite meetings are usually held along with the main event, adding to the scientific value of the meeting. The upcoming 25th STATPHYS meeting will be held from July 22 to July 26, 2013 in Seoul, Korea .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Colombian Constitution of 1821", "paragraph_text": "The Constitution of C\u00facuta, also known as Constitution of the Gran Colombia and Constitution of 1821, was the founding document and constitution of the country of Gran Colombia, unifying the territories of the Viceroyalty of New Granada as part of a federation. It was signed during the Congress of C\u00facuta on August 30, 1821.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Best in the World '15", "paragraph_text": "Best in the World '15 was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Ring of Honor that took place at Terminal 5 in New York City, New York on June 19, 2015. It was the sixth annual ROH Best in the World event, the first to take place on a Friday, and the second Best in the World event to be broadcast on traditional pay-per-view outlets.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Prayer Book Society of Canada", "paragraph_text": "The Prayer Book Society of Canada or PBS is an organization within the Anglican Church of Canada which \"promotes the understanding and use of the Book of Common Prayer as a spiritual system of nurture for life in Christ\". Founded in 1985, the PBS seeks to \"ensure the retention of the doctrine and worship of the Book of Common Prayer as required by the Solemn Declaration of 1893, the founding document of the autonomous Anglican Church of Canada.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Declaration and Address", "paragraph_text": "The \"Declaration and Address\" was written by Thomas Campbell in 1809. It was first published in Washington, Pennsylvania in 1809. It was the founding document for the Christian Association of Washington, a short lived religious movement of the 19th century. The Christian Association ultimately led to what is now known as the Restoration Movement. In many ways, Thomas Campbell was before his time. He had an ecumenical spirit long before the ecumenical movement began. The \"Declaration and Address\" is a testimony to his appeal for Christian unity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire (Spanish: \"Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano\" ), is the document by which the Mexican Empire declared independence from the Spanish Empire. This founding document of the Mexican nation was drafted in the National Palace in Mexico City on September 28, 1821, by Juan Jos\u00e9 Espinosa de los Monteros, secretary of the Provisional Governmental Board.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "2006 World Outgames", "paragraph_text": "The 1st World Outgames took place in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from July 26, 2006 to August 5, 2006. The international conference was held from July 26 to the 29. The sporting events were held from July 29 to August 5.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "ASEAN Declaration", "paragraph_text": "The ASEAN Declaration or Bangkok Declaration is the founding document of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It was signed in Bangkok on 8 August 1967 by the five ASEAN founding members, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand as a display of solidarity against communist expansion in Vietnam and communist insurgency within their own borders. It states the basic principles of ASEAN: co-operation, amity, and non-interference. The date is now celebrated as ASEAN Day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Declaration of Montreal", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration of Montreal on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Human Rights is a document adopted in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on July 29, 2006, by the International Conference on LGBT Human Rights which formed part of the first World Outgames. The Declaration outlines a number of rights and freedoms pertaining to LGBT and intersex people that it is proposed be universally guaranteed. It encompasses all aspects of human rights, from the guarantee of fundamental freedoms to the prevention of discrimination against LGBT people in healthcare, education and immigration. The Declaration also addresses various issues that impinge on the global promotion of LGBT rights and intersex human rights. Intended as a starting point in listing the demands of the international LGBT movement, it will ultimately be submitted to the United Nations.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Warsaw Declaration", "paragraph_text": "The Warsaw Declaration \"Toward a Community of Democracies\" is the founding document of the Community of Democracies. It was signed on June 27, 2000 at the building of the Polish Parliament by representatives of 106 democratic states attending the opening conference of the Community of Democracies.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab5744e554299494045efdf", "question_text": "The third solo album by David Gates of Bread shares a name with a 1977 film directed by who?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Herbert Ross"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The David Gates Songbook", "paragraph_text": "The David Gates Songbook is a compilation album by David Gates of Bread. It consists of previously released as well as new solo material; and songs with his former band Bread.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Love Is Always Seventeen", "paragraph_text": "Love Is Always Seventeen is the sixth solo album by David Gates of Bread. It came after a 13-year break from recording. The album was released in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Never Let Her Go", "paragraph_text": "Never Let Her Go is the second solo album by David Gates of Bread.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Aubrey (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Aubrey\" is a song written and composed by David Gates, and originally recorded by the pop-rock group Bread, of which Gates was the leader and primary music producer. It appeared on Bread's 1972 album \"Guitar Man.\" The single lasted 11 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at number 15. In Canada the song reached only number 41 on the pop singles chart, but reached number six on the adult contemporary chart. In New Zealand, \"Aubrey\" reached number eight.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Take Me Now", "paragraph_text": "Take Me Now is the fifth solo album by David Gates of Bread. It was his final album until 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Goodbye Girl", "paragraph_text": "The Goodbye Girl is a 1977 American romantic comedy-drama film. Produced by Ray Stark and directed by Herbert Ross, the film stars Richard Dreyfuss, Marsha Mason, Quinn Cummings, and Paul Benedict. The original screenplay by Neil Simon centers on an odd trio: a struggling actor who has sublet a Manhattan apartment from a friend, the current occupant (his friend's ex-girlfriend, who has just been abandoned), and her precocious young daughter.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Goodbye Girl (David Gates album)", "paragraph_text": "Goodbye Girl is the third solo album by David Gates of Bread. The song \"Goodbye Girl\" was also used in the movie of the same name.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Guitar Man", "paragraph_text": "\"The Guitar Man\" is a song written by David Gates and originally recorded by the rock group Bread, of which Gates was a member. It first appeared on Bread's 1972 album, \"Guitar Man\". The song is a mixture of the sounds of soft rock, including strings and acoustic guitar, and the addition of a wah-wah effect electric guitar, played by Larry Knechtel. It peaked at number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in the United States and their third number-one hit on the easy listening chart, (following \"If\" and \"Baby I'm-a Want You\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lost Without Your Love (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Lost Without Your Love\" is a song written and composed by David Gates, and originally recorded by the pop-rock group Bread, of which Gates was the leader and primary music producer. It is the title track of Bread's 1976 album, and became their final Top 10 hit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Falling in Love Again (David Gates album)", "paragraph_text": "Falling in Love Again is the fourth solo album by David Gates of Bread.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a75092b55429916b0164242", "question_text": "What third film in a franchise did Camile Delamarre edit?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Transporter 3"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Transporter 3", "paragraph_text": "Transporter 3 (French: Le Transporteur 3) is a 2008 French action film and the third installment in the \"Transporter\" franchise. Both Jason Statham and Fran\u00e7ois Berl\u00e9and reprise their roles, as Frank Martin and Tarconi, respectively. This is the first film in the series to be directed by Olivier Megaton. The film continues the story of Frank Martin, a professional \"transporter\" who has returned to France to continue his low-key business of delivering packages without question.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Brody Sweeney", "paragraph_text": "Brody Sweeney is an Irish businessman, known for founding O'Briens Irish Sandwich Bars which went into Liquidation in October 2009. The Irish business was subsequently bought from the liquidator by Abrakebabra Investments Ltd. Prior to that he was involved with the franchise Prontoprint before selling the business back to the U.K. parent in 1988. He has written two business guides, \"Making Bread\" and \"Small to Tall\" - How to grow your business from its entrepreneurial roots\". He founded a Thai takeaway business, Camile Thai Kitchen, in 2010 with branches in Dublin, Ireland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Camile Velasco", "paragraph_text": "Ciara-Camile \"Camile\" Roque Velasco (born September 1, 1985) known by her stage name Eli-Mac is a Filipino American singer and came in ninth place on the third season of the reality/talent-search television series, American Idol. She is one-quarter Irish, one-quarter Spanish, and half Filipino.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Cut (transition)", "paragraph_text": "In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a cut is an abrupt, but usually trivial film transition from one sequence to another. It is synonymous with the term \"edit\", though \"edit\" can imply any number of transitions or effects. The cut, dissolve and wipe serve as the three primary transitions. The term refers to the physical action of cutting film or videotape, but also refers to a similar edit performed in software; it has also become associated with the resulting visual \"break\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Transporter Refueled", "paragraph_text": "The Transporter Refueled (French: Le Transporteur : H\u00e9ritage) is a 2015 French action film directed by Camille Delamarre and written by Bill Collage, Adam Cooper, and Luc Besson. It is the fourth film in the \"Transporter\" franchise, a reboot to the previous films, and the first film to be distributed by EuropaCorp in North America, but features a new cast, with Ed Skrein replacing Jason Statham as the title role of Frank Martin. It is the first installment of a planned \"Transporter\" reboot trilogy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Camilo Pascual", "paragraph_text": "Camilo Alberto Pascual Lus (born January 20, 1934) is a Cuban former Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher. During an 18-year baseball career (1954\u201371), he played for the Washington Senators (which became the Minnesota Twins in 1961), the second Washington Senators franchise, Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers, and the Cleveland Indians. He was also known by the nicknames \"Camile\" and \"Little Potato.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Phantom Edit", "paragraph_text": "Star Wars Episode I.I: The Phantom Edit is a fan edit of the film \"\", removing many elements of the original film. The purpose of the edit, according to creator Mike J. Nichols, was to make a much stronger version of \"The Phantom Menace\" based on the previous execution and philosophies of film storytelling and editing of George Lucas. \"The Phantom Edit\" was the first unauthorized re-edit of \"The Phantom Menace\" to receive major publicity and acclaim.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Berserk: The Golden Age Arc", "paragraph_text": "Berserk: The Golden Age Arc (Japanese: \u30d9\u30eb\u30bb\u30eb\u30af \u9ec4\u91d1\u6642\u4ee3\u7bc7 , Hepburn: Beruseruku \u014cgon Jidai-hen ) is a series of films, an effort to adapt the Golden Age Arc of Kentaro Miura's \"Berserk\" manga series. The project was first announced as a new anime project in September 2010 on a wraparound jacket band on volume 35 of the \"Berserk\" manga. The first two films, \"Berserk: The Golden Age Arc I - The Egg of the King\" and \"Berserk: The Golden Age Arc II - The Battle for Doldrey\", were released in Japan in February and June 2012, with the third film, \"Berserk: The Golden Age Arc III - The Advent\", released in February 2013. The third film also marks the first time new footage based on the manga has been animated beyond the storyline of the TV show. Viz Media has licensed all three films for a home video release. The first film was released on (DVD/Blu-ray) November 27, 2012, the second on August 6, 2013, and the third on April 15, 2014 in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Giofra", "paragraph_text": "Giofra (foaled 11 March 2008) is a British-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Problems with leg injuries meant that she did not race until the autumn on her three year-old season but she then won two of her three races in late 2011 including the Listed Prix Casimir Delamarre. In 2012 she emerged as a top-class racemare, taking the Prix d'Harcourt on her seasonal debut and recording her biggest win in the Group One Falmouth Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse in July. She also finished second in the Prix Ganay and the Hong Kong Cup and third in the Prix de l'Opera. She failed to win as a five-year-old in 2013 but finished third in both the Dubai Duty Free and the Falmouth Stakes before being retired from racing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Camille Delamarre", "paragraph_text": "Camille Delamarre is a French film editor and director, best known for directing \"The Transporter Refueled\" and \"Brick Mansions\". He edited films including \"Transporter 3\" and \"Taken 2 \", among others.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab84de95542990e739ec8b4", "question_text": "Yau Ma Tei North is a district of a city with how many citizens?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["7.2 million"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jiman\u00ed", "paragraph_text": "Jiman\u00ed is the capital and the second largest city of the Independencia Province of the Dominican Republic. It serves as one of the two main thoroughfares to Haiti (with Dajab\u00f3n), with a duty-free open-air marketplace operating on the border with Haiti. The town suffered damages in the flash flood of May 25, 2004, which killed many citizens during the night and washed away hundreds of homes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Canton Road", "paragraph_text": "Canton Road is a major road in Hong Kong, linking the former west reclamation shore in Tsim Sha Tsui, Jordan, Yau Ma Tei and Mong Kok on the Kowloon Peninsula. The road runs mostly parallel and west to Nathan Road. It starts from the junction with Salisbury Road in the south and ends in the north at the junction with Lai Chi Kok Road in the Prince Edward area. The southern part Canton Road is home to many upscale retail shops, shopping centres and others business establishments, with busy traffic from both vehicles and pedestrians from morning till late night.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Billings Metropolitan Transit", "paragraph_text": "Billings Metropolitan Transit (MET) is the public transit system in Billings, Montana. MET Transit provides fixed-route and paratransit bus service to the City of Billings. The MET is the primary mode of transportation for many citizens of the city. Met serves about 3,000 passengers a day. It currently employs around 200 people. All of MET's buses are accessible by citizens who use wheelchairs and other mobility devices; the buses are wheelchair lift-equipped and accessible to all citizens that are unable to use the stairs. All MET buses are equipped with bike racks for its bike riding passengers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hong Kong", "paragraph_text": "Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory south to Mainland China and east to Macao in East Asia. With around 7.2 million Hong Kongers of various nationalities in a territory of 1,104 km, Hong Kong is the world's fourth most densely populated country or territory.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Zacharovce", "paragraph_text": "Zacharovce is a village and municipality in the Rimavsk\u00e1 Sobota District of the Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia. Located in the near of the main road I/50, connecting Zvolen and Ko\u0161ice the village is now more a living neighbourhood of Rimavsk\u00e1 Sobota, where many citizens go for a work. The most important sightseeing is a gothic church from 15th century, later rebuilt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ahiara", "paragraph_text": "Ahiara is a city in Mbaise, Imo State, Nigeria. The city stands about 16 miles between Owere and Umuahia. It was the location of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu's Ahiara Declaration during the Nigerian Civil War. It is the location of the Catholic diocese in Mbaise. The first recorded Ahiara contact with the Europeans was around 1905 when the British Aro expedition got mixed up in inter-village war which eventually had Dr. Steward a victim, as a consequence the Ahiara people were severely punished by the British forces with an invasion which forced many citizens to flee and never return.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tanks of Bombay", "paragraph_text": "Although the tanks have long vanished, the city of Bombay (now Mumbai) once had many water tanks within its city limits. They were once the only source of water to the city. The only testimony to their existence is the names of the roads in their vicinity, which befuddles many citizens as to the original location to these mystifying relics of the past.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Washington, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Washington is a ghost town located in Autauga County, Alabama on the north bank of the Alabama River, just west of the mouth of Autauga Creek. Washington was founded in 1817 on the site of the former Autauga Indian town of Atagi and named in honor of George Washington. On November 22, 1819, the Alabama territorial legislature chose Washington as the county seat of Autauga County, which it remained until 1830. A courthouse, hotel, jail, post office and pillory were constructed to meet the needs of the county government. The county seat was moved to Kingston in 1830 in order to be closer to the geographic center of the county. Soon after, many citizens began to leave, and Washington was deserted by 1879. The post office in Washington was operated from 1824 to 1854.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Yau Ma Tei North (constituency)", "paragraph_text": "Yau Ma Tei North () is one of the 19 constituencies in the Yau Tsim Mong District of Hong Kong which was first created in 1982 and recreated in 2015.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Me\u00dfstetten", "paragraph_text": "Me\u00dfstetten is a town in the Zollernalbkreis district, in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated in the Swabian Jura, 24\u00a0km southeast of Balingen. It is close to the Heuberg Training Area with the Lager Heuberg. The local economy mixes agriculture with services and small-scale industry. Most of Me\u00dfstetten today has a residential character with many citizens working in the highly industrial areas of Albstadt or in Balingen. Only in Tieringen is an industrial area. A Blacksmith developed to an industrial character, also a textile firm .", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8dafbd554299068b959da0", "question_text": "How many episodes were made for the science fiction series with Gus Birney?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["ten"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Time Lord", "paragraph_text": "The Time Lords are a fictional, ancient extraterrestrial species in the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\", of which the series' protagonist, the Doctor, is a member. Time Lords are so named for their command of time travel technology and their non-linear perception of time. Originally they were described as a powerful and wise race from the planet Gallifrey, from which the Doctor was a renegade; details beyond this were very limited for the first decade of the series. They later became integral to many episodes and stories as their role in the fictional universe developed. For the first eight years after the series resumed in 2005, the Time Lords were said to have been destroyed at some point between the original series' cancellation in 1989 and the show's revival during the fictional Last Great Time War. In 2013, the 50th anniversary special \"The Day of the Doctor\" concerned this supposed destruction and their eventual survival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Gus Birney", "paragraph_text": "Gus Birney is an American actress, best known for her role as Alex in \"The Mist\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Claudia Black", "paragraph_text": "Claudia Lee Black (born 11 October 1972) is an Australian actress and voice actress, known for her portrayals of Aeryn Sun in the science fiction series \"Farscape\" and Vala Mal Doran in the science fiction series \"Stargate SG-1\", as well as Sharon \"Shazza\" Montgomery in the film \"Pitch Black\". She has also had several prominent roles in video games, such as Chloe Frazer in the \"Uncharted\" series, the witch Morrigan in \"\" and \"\", Daro'Xen in \"Mass Effect 2\" and \"Mass Effect 3\", and squadmate Samantha Byrne in \"Gears of War 3\". She also starred as Doctor Sabine Lommers in the miniseries \"Containment\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "List of Red Dwarf concepts", "paragraph_text": "The science fiction series, \"Red Dwarf\", starts some time in the future, but after an accident the protagonist is trapped in stasis for 3 million years. As with many science fiction series, the programme has a few concepts specific to its own fictional universe.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Tanith Lee", "paragraph_text": "Tanith Lee (19 September 1947 \u2013 24 May 2015) was a British writer of science fiction, horror, and fantasy. She was the author of over 90 novels and 300 short stories, a children's picture book (\"Animal Castle\"), and many poems. She also wrote two episodes of the BBC science fiction series \"Blake's 7\". She was the first woman to win the British Fantasy Award best novel award (also known as the August Derleth Award), for her book \"Death's Master\" (1980).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Mist (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The Mist is an American science fiction-horror thriller television series developed by Christian Torpe for Spike. It is based on the horror novella of the same name by author Stephen King. The first season, consisting of ten episodes, premiered on June 22, 2017. On September 27, 2017, Spike cancelled the series after one season.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mists of Dawn", "paragraph_text": "Mists of Dawn is a juvenile science fiction novel by science fiction writer and anthropologist Chad Oliver first published in 1952 by John C. Winston, Co. as a part of the Winston Science Fiction series of juvenile novels. The story follows the adventures of adolescent Mark Nye when he is accidentally transported to the stone age by his uncle's time machine. It includes a factual foreword on the science of anthropology and how Oliver uses this science in the telling of his story.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Viagens Interplanetarias", "paragraph_text": "The Viagens Interplanetarias series is a sequence of science fiction stories by L.\u00a0Sprague de Camp, begun in the late 1940s and written under the influence of contemporary space opera and sword and planet stories, particularly Edgar Rice Burroughs's Martian novels. Set in the future in the 21st and 22nd centuries, the series is named for the quasi-public Terran agency portrayed as monopolizing interstellar travel, the Brazilian-dominated \"Viagens Interplanetarias\" (\"Interplanetary Voyages\" or \"Interplanetary Tours\" in Portuguese). It is also known as the \"Krishna\" series, as the majority of the stories belong to a sequence set on a fictional planet of that name. While de Camp started out as a science fiction writer and his early reputation was based on his short stories in the genre, the \"Viagens\" tales represent his only extended science fiction series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lester del Rey", "paragraph_text": "Lester del Rey (June 2, 1915\u00a0\u2013 May 10, 1993) was an American science fiction author and editor. He was the author of many books in the juvenile Winston Science Fiction series, and the editor at Del Rey Books, the fantasy and science fiction imprint of Ballantine Books, along with his fourth wife Judy-Lynn del Rey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Aarne Haapakoski", "paragraph_text": "Aarne Haapakoski (1904 in Pieks\u00e4m\u00e4ki, Southern Savonia \u2013 1961 in M\u00e1laga) was a Finnish pulp writer. He is perhaps best known for a detective fiction series about architect/detective \"Klaus Karma\" and a science fiction series about a robot named \"Atorox.\" The Atorox stories were written under the pseudonym Outsider. The Atorox Award for Finnish science fiction is named for Atorox.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a722fae55429971e9dc9343", "question_text": "What is the name of the daughter of the Irish entertainer in the girl band Maxi, Dick and Twink?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Chlo\u00eb Alexandra Adele Emily Agnew"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Atemi Oyungu", "paragraph_text": "Carol Atemi Oyungu is a Kenyan singer, songwriter and entertainer. She made her first mark up by being in girl band Intu until 2007 when they each decided to go solo. In 2003, she joined Eric Wainaina, as an assistant vocal harmony provider for his band. Oyungu released her first single \"Happy\" in 2004 and her debut album \"Hatimaye\" in 2008, and her second studio album \"Manzili\" in 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Maxi, Dick and Twink", "paragraph_text": "Maxi, Dick and Twink were an all-girl singing trio in Ireland in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Maxi is Irene McCoubrey (born 23 February 1950), Dick is Barbara Dixon (born 4 April 1952) and Twink is Adele King (born 4 April 1951).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Adele King", "paragraph_text": "Ad\u00e8le King (born Ad\u00e8le Condron-King, 4 April 1951) is an Irish entertainer better known as Twink from her time as a member of a group called Maxi, Dick and Twink which was a girl band in Ireland in the late 1960s and 1970s. She is the mother of singer Chlo\u00eb Agnew from the group Celtic Woman.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Chlo\u00eb Agnew", "paragraph_text": "Chlo\u00eb Alexandra Adele Emily Agnew (born 9 June 1989 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish singer and songwriter who is an original former member of the Celtic music group Celtic Woman, as well as its youngest member. She comes from Knocklyon, County Dublin where she lived with her mother Adele \"Twink\" King and younger sister, Naomi. She sings in English, Irish, Latin, Italian, and German. Agnew has a soprano vocal range.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Maxi (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Maxi (born 23 February 1950) is an Irish radio disc-jockey and producer; actress, journalist and singer. She came to fame in Ireland as part of the popular girl group, Maxi, Dick and Twink, in the late 1960s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Rebecca Chamberlain", "paragraph_text": "Rebecca E. Chamberlain is a visual artist and vocalist in the New York art band Maxi Geil! & Playcolt. She has exhibited her work in New York City, Boston, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Jersey City, Amsterdam and Bologna, Italy, and been reviewed in the \"New York Times, Artforum, Art in America, Tema Celeste\" and \"Flash Art.\" She is currently represented by DODGEgallery in New York.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John Linehan (entertainer)", "paragraph_text": "John Joseph Linehan, MBE (born 1952, Belfast, Northern Ireland) is a Northern Irish entertainer, most known for his drag queen character May McFettridge. Linehan has, in character, been a long-running feature on local radio and television, as well as a regular pantomime dame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Richie Kavanagh", "paragraph_text": "Richie Kavanagh (born 19 March 1949) is an Irish entertainer who writes and performs his own songs. Famous for the song \"Aon Focal Eile\", he now has a number of hits to his name. Richie was born and raised in the Raheenwood area of Fenagh, Muine Bheag, County Carlow in Ireland where he still currently resides. Despite Psoriasis crippling Richie\u2019s hands at the age of 44, he went on to harness his talents as a singer/songwriter and burst onto the national entertainment scene with the song Aon Focal Eile. Tony Keogh in Southeast Radio was the first man to play the CD and when Gerry Ryan began playing it on his morning show, the song became a runaway hit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "TBC (band)", "paragraph_text": "TBC (styled as tbc), are a Christian girl band who were launched by Innervation Trust in 2004, as a \"flagship\" girl band alongside their brother band Thebandwithnoname. Innervation Trust is a Christian charity that exists to recruit and resource schools teams, dubbed \"Collectives\", each dedicated to a major city in the UK. Innervation Trust is the product of Mark Pennells and Zarc Porter, a songwriter/producer partnership also credited with writing most of the music for, and co-founding, the World Wide Message Tribe. After 7 years of promoting the Collective bands throughout every region of the UK, they were replaced by the primary school project, Pop Connection. This has since been replaced by iSingPOP. iSingPOP works in primary schools and will spend a week teaching all the children a number of songs (usually 7) as a choir and the next week will perform these songs in their local church or activity hall/centre with an audience. They also have a recording day to make their very own album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Guy Richards Smit", "paragraph_text": "Guy Richards Smit (born 1970) is an American performance artist, painter, and singer-songwriter in the band Maxi Geil! & PlayColt. He has shown at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and in London, Los Angeles, Madrid, Valencia, Paris, Dublin, and Havana, among other places. He is represented by Charlie James Gallery in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f06075542995b44241f2d", "question_text": "What car did the German rally driver, who won victories for Fiat, Opel, Lancia, and Audi drive?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Lancia Rally"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lancia Rally 037", "paragraph_text": "The Lancia Rally (\"Tipo 151\", also known as the Lancia Rally 037, Lancia 037 or Lancia-Abarth #037 from its Abarth project code \"037\") was a mid-engine sports car and rally car built by Lancia in the early 1980s to compete in the FIA Group B World Rally Championship. Driven by Markku Al\u00e9n, Attilio Bettega, and Walter R\u00f6hrl, the car won Lancia the manufacturers' world championship in the 1983 season. It was the last rear-wheel drive car to win the WRC.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Armin Schwarz", "paragraph_text": "Armin Schwarz (born 16 July 1963) is a German rally driver. He competed in the World Rally Championship from 1988 to 2005, winning the 1991 Rally Catalunya and taking six other podium finishes. Outside the WRC, he won the German Rally Championship (1987\u201388), the European Rally Championship (1996) and the \"Rally Masters\" event at the Race of Champions (2000).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Antonio Fassina", "paragraph_text": "Antonio \"Tony\" Fassina (born July 26, 1945) is a former rally driver from Italy. He won the Italian Rally Championship in 1976 and 1979 driving a Lancia Stratos HF, and then again in 1981 behind the wheel of an Opel Ascona. In 1982, he drove the Ascona to victory in the European Rally Championship. He also competed with success in the Italian round of the World Rally Championship, Rallye Sanremo, scoring four top five results between 1976 and 1981, including outright victory in the 1979 event ahead of Walter R\u00f6hrl.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lancia Delta Group A", "paragraph_text": "The Lancia Delta Group A is a Group A rally car built for the Martini Lancia by Lancia to compete in the World Rally Championship. It is based upon the Lancia Delta road car and replaced the Lancia Delta S4. The car was introduced for the 1987 World Rally Championship season and dominated the World Rally Championship, scoring 46 WRC victories overall and winning the constructors' championship a record six times in a row from 1987 to 1992, in addition to drivers' championship titles for Juha Kankkunen (1987 and 1991) and Miki Biasion (1988 and 1989), making Lancia the most successful marque in the history of the WRC and the Delta the most successful car.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Armin Kremer", "paragraph_text": "Armin Kremer (born December 4, 1968, Crivitz, East Germany) is a German rally driver who is currently competing in the 2013 World Rally Championship season in the WRC-2 class. He began rallying in the WRC at the 1995 Rally de Portugal and has entered various rallies since. He won the European Rally Championship in 2001 driving a Toyota Corolla WRC and the Asia-Pacific Rally Championship in 2003 in a Mitsubishi Lancer Evo VII.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lars-Erik Torph", "paragraph_text": "Lars-Erik Torph (January 11, 1961 \u2013 January 23, 1989) was a Swedish rally driver. He debuted in the World Rally Championship in 1980 and took his first points at his home event, the Swedish Rally, in 1984. Driving a Toyota Celica TCT, a Toyota Supra 3.0i and an Audi Coup\u00e9 Quattro, he went on to finish on the podium four times. After just turning 28, Torph and his co-driver Bertil-Rune Rehnfeldt died while spectating the 1989 Monte Carlo Rally, after Lancia driver Alex Fiorio lost control of his Delta Integrale and crashed into them.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Janusz Kulig", "paragraph_text": "Janusz Kulig (October 19, 1969 in \u0141apan\u00f3w near Krak\u00f3w \u2013 February 13, 2004 in Rzezawa near Bochnia, Poland) was a Polish rally driver. He started his career behind the wheel of a Polski Fiat 126p and during his early years in rally he also drove a Toyota Corolla, a Opel Kadett, and a Renault Clio. He became one of the top drivers while driving Renault Megane Maxi. In this car he also won his first Polish Rally Championship title in 1997. After 2 seasons with Renault, he signed a contract with Marlboro Mobil 1 team. He changed his car to a Ford Escort WRC and in following years to a Ford Focus WRC. Those years were most successful for Kulig. He won another 2 Polish Championship titles and became well known in European and World rally. Kulig spent the 2002 and 2003 seasons competing in the European Rally Championship (2nd place in 2002) and occasional WRC events. In 2002 Janusz Kulig won the Rally du Valais. His biggest success in WRC was 1st place in PCWRC in Sweden 2003 but after the rally he was stripped of his glory by FIA due to illegal modifications in his Mitsubishi Lancer EVO VII (the flywheel had different streak than the one approved by FIA). For the 2004 Polish Championship Season he signed a contract to drive Fiat Punto S1600.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Achim Warmbold", "paragraph_text": "Achim Warmbold (born 17 July 1941) is a German former rally driver. He won the West German Rally Championship in 1971 and 1980, and scored two outright victories during the inaugural World Rally Championship season in 1973 at the Rally of Poland and Austrian Alpine Rally events.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hermann Gassner", "paragraph_text": "Hermann Gassner Jr (born 29 November 1988 in Bad Reichenhall) is a German rally driver, currently competing in the Super 2000 World Rally Championship (SWRC). His father Hermann Gassner Sr is also a rally driver.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Walter R\u00f6hrl", "paragraph_text": "Walter R\u00f6hrl (born 7 March 1947) is a German rally and auto racing driver, with victories for Fiat, Opel, Lancia and Audi as well as Porsche, Ford and BMW.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f08c2554299458435d530", "question_text": "Sian Gibson co-wrote which British sitcom, set around a supermarket and car share scheme?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Peter Kay's Car Share"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sian Gibson", "paragraph_text": "Si\u00e2n Gibson (born Si\u00e2n Foulkes; 15 July 1976) is a Welsh actress and writer perhaps best known for her collaborations with Peter Kay, including starring in and co-writing the comedy series \"Peter Kay's Car Share\", for which she won the 2016 BAFTA TV Award for Best Scripted Comedy and the National Television Award for Best Comedy.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Uhaul Car Share", "paragraph_text": "UhaulCarShare (formerly \"UCarShare\") is a for-profit carsharing service offered by U-Haul in nearly 40 cities in the United States. Those with a Uhaul Car Share membership may have use of a car, billable by the hour or by the day. However, use is generally limited to three days at a time. Most often, Uhaul Car Share vehicles are operated in communities with colleges and/or universities nearby. \"The goal of [Uhaul] Car Share is to give people an alternative to owning second and third cars, and to increase the use of public transit.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Murder on the Blackpool Express", "paragraph_text": "Murder on the Blackpool Express is a 2017 comedy drama television film created by Jason Cook. Starring Johnny Vegas, Sian Gibson, Nigel Havers, Una Stubbs, Griff Rhys Jones, Nina Wadia, Sheila Reid and Kevin Eldon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Cradle to Grave", "paragraph_text": "Cradle to Grave is a 2015 British sitcom set around the life of Danny Baker. According to a social media message posted by outgoing BBC Director of Television, Danny Cohen, the show (which ended in October 2015) has since been commissioned for a second series. It will premiere on 11 December 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Famous (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Famous is an upcoming American sitcom television series created by Ralph Farquhar and Ty Hodges. Fox gave the comedy series, set around couples therapy, a 10-episode straight-to-series order in April 2016, with the series originally set to start on June 12, 2016. After difficulties during casting, the series has been put off-schedule and put into re-development.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Peter Kay's Car Share", "paragraph_text": "Peter Kay's Car Share is a British sitcom set around supermarket assistant manager John Redmond (Peter Kay) and promotions rep Kayleigh Kitson (Sian Gibson), and their participation in a company car share scheme.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Trollied", "paragraph_text": "Trollied is a British sitcom about employees in a fictional supermarket named \"Valco\", which debuted on Sky 1 on 4 August 2011. The series was filmed in a purpose-built replica supermarket in the Bottle Yard Studios in Bristol throughout April and May 2011 for the first series with the second series being filmed in June and July 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub", "paragraph_text": "The Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub (also known as Salt Lake Central on Utah Transit Authority [UTA] routes and SLC by Amtrak) is a multi-modal transportation hub in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States served by the Blue Line of UTA's TRAX light rail system that operates in Salt Lake County and by the \"FrontRunner\", UTA's commuter rail train that operates along the Wasatch Front with service from Pleasant View in northern Weber County through Ogden, Davis County, Salt Lake City, and Salt Lake County to Provo in central Utah County. Service at the intermodal hub is also provided by Amtrak (with the \"California Zephyr\"), Greyhound Lines, and U Car Share, as well as UTA local bus service.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "V\u00e9lo'v", "paragraph_text": "V\u00e9lo'v is a bicycle sharing system run by the city of Lyon, France, in conjunction with the advertising company JCDecaux. It has been the pioneer smart bicycle sharing system, previous systems being more ad hoc and run similar to a charity. The relationship with JCDecaux allows the city to provide the service on a cost neutral basis for the city, and at very low cost to users, in return for providing exclusive advertising access on bus shelters and the like. The primary aim is to reduce vehicle traffic within the city. The scheme also aims to reduce pollution, create a convivial atmosphere within the city, and encourage the health benefits of increased activity. Its name is a portmanteau of French \"v\u00e9lo\" (\"bike\") and English \"love\". The first bicycle sharing system to open in France, after the pioneering 1974 scheme in La Rochelle, its thundering success inspired similar systems in major French and European cities, including Paris' Velib' in 2007. With the success of these two high profile smart bicycle sharing systems a new paradigm of government supporting bike sharing as a part of a public transportation network emerged. It is still the bike share scheme with the second highest market penetration (1 bike per 121 residents) in the world, after the Velib'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Beyond Blunderdome", "paragraph_text": "\"Beyond Blunderdome\" is the eleventh season premiere of the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 26, 1999, and was watched in around 8.1\u00a0million homes during the broadcast. In the episode, the Simpsons are given free tickets to a preview screening of Mel Gibson's new film, a remake of \"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\". Gibson laments his current non-violent role and wants someone to give him criticism. When Homer sees Gibson talking with Marge, he gives him a brutal review, leading Gibson to believe that Homer is the only man brave enough to give suggestions. As a result, he hires him to create a better ending. However, when the ending proves to be too controversial, Gibson and Homer end up on the run from studio executives with the film.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae5c8cf554299546bf82f5f", "question_text": "Fiske O'Hara was born in what city Knox County, Maine, that had a population of 2,297 as of the 2010 census?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Rockland"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "North Haven, Maine", "paragraph_text": "North Haven is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States, in Penobscot Bay. The town is both a year-round island community and a prominent summer colony. The population was 355 at the 2010 census. North Haven is accessed by three-times daily ferry service from Rockland, or by air taxi from Knox County Regional Airport.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rockland, Maine", "paragraph_text": "Rockland is a city in Knox County, Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 7,297. It is the county seat of Knox County. The city is a popular tourist destination. It is a departure point for the Maine State Ferry Service to the islands of Penobscot Bay: Vinalhaven, North Haven and Matinicus. ", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Edina, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Edina is a city in Knox County, Missouri, United States, between the North and South Forks of the South Fabius River. The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Knox County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Fiske O'Hara", "paragraph_text": "Fiske O'Hara (March 11, 1878, Rockland, Maine \u2013 July 12, 1945, Hollywood, California) was an American singer and actor who was nicknamed the \"Irish Tenor\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Matinicus Isle, Maine", "paragraph_text": "Matinicus Isle is an island plantation in Knox County, Maine, United States. The island is located within Penobscot Bay about 20 miles east of the mainland coast and is accessible by ferry from Rockland or by air taxi from Knox County Regional Airport. The plantation is both a year-round island community and a summer colony. The population was 74 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Barbourville, Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Barbourville is a home rule-class city in Knox County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 3,159 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Knox County. The city was formally established by the state assembly in 1812. It was incorporated in 1854 and then re\u00efncorporated in 1856.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Owls Head, Maine", "paragraph_text": "Owls Head is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,580 at the 2010 census. A resort and fishing area, the community is home to the Knox County Regional Airport. It includes the village of Ash Point.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Knox County, Maine", "paragraph_text": "Knox County is a county located in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 39,736. Its county seat is Rockland. The county is named for American Revolutionary War general and Secretary of War Henry Knox, who lived in the county from 1795 until his death in 1806. The county was established on April 1, 1860, and is the most recent county to be created in Maine. It was carved from parts of Waldo and Lincoln counties. The Union Fair, started in 1868, began as the efforts of the North Knox Agricultural and Horticultural Society.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Galesburg, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Galesburg is a city in Knox County, Illinois, United States. This city is forty-five miles northwest of Peoria. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 32,195. It is the county seat of Knox County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Vinalhaven, Maine", "paragraph_text": "Vinalhaven is a town located on the larger of the two Fox Islands in Knox County, Maine, United States. Vinalhaven is also used to refer to the Island itself. The population was 1,165 at the 2010 census. It is home to a thriving lobster fishery and hosts a summer colony. Since there is no bridge to the island, Vinalhaven is accessible from Rockland via an approximately hour-and-fifteen-minute ferry ride across West Penobscot Bay, or by air taxi from Knox County Regional Airport.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae18ae6554299234fd04289", "question_text": "When was the British economic historian who established \"The Economic History Review\" born? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["9 January 18898"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Australian Economic History Review", "paragraph_text": "The Australian Economic History Review: An Asia-Pacific Journal of Economic, Business, & Social History is a peer-reviewed academic journal with social-scientific analyses, principally of Pacific-Asian economic history. It is published three times a year by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand. It was established in 1961 and is edited by Stephen Morgan, John Singleton, Martin Shanahan, and Lionel Frost.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Stephen Broadberry", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Broadberry FBA (born 8 December 1956) is professorial fellow and professor of economic history at the University of Oxford. He has been editor of the \"Economic History Review\" and the \"European Review of Economic History\". He is president of the Economic History Society and was president of the European Historical Economics Society. He was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Economic History Review", "paragraph_text": "The Economic History Review is a peer-reviewed history journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Economic History Society. It was established in 1927 by Eileen Power and is edited by Phillipp Schofield, Sara Horrell, and Jaime Reis. Its first editors were E. Lipson and R. H. Tawney and other previous editors include M. M. Postan, H. J. Habbakuk, Max Hartwell (1960\u201368), Christopher Dyer and Jane Humphries.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Leland H. Jenks", "paragraph_text": "Leland Hamilton Jenks (April 10, 1892 - February 1, 1976) was an American economic historian, Professor of economics and sociology at Wellesley College, and Professor at Columbia University, where he taught economic history. He is known for his work on the economic history of the migration of British capital and of the American railroad in the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Michael Flinn", "paragraph_text": "Michael W. Flinn (1917\u20131983) was a British economic historian. Born into a middle-class family in 1917, he was educated at William Hulme's Grammar School in Manchester, serving as an officer in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War. After the end of the war, Flinn took a history degree at the University of Manchester before spending two years as a grammar school teacher while writing a postgraduate dissertation in his spare time. In 1959, he began lecturing at the University of Edinburgh, writing an introductory school textbook for history in 1961, which was still in print at his death. He was awarded a D. Litt by Edinburgh in 1965, and two years later was appointed to a Personal Chair in Social History. After his retirement in 1978, he lectured in the United States and continental Europe, serving as president of the Economic History Society from 1980 to 1983, when he died.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Eileen Power", "paragraph_text": "Eileen Edna LePoer Power (9 January 18898 August 1940) was a British economic historian and medievalist.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "William Ashley (economic historian)", "paragraph_text": "Sir William James Ashley (25 February 1860 \u2013 23 July 1927) was an influential English economic historian. His major intellectual influence was in organizing economic history in Great Britain and introducing the ideas of the leading German economic historians, especially Gustav von Schmoller and the historical school of economic history. His chief work is \"The Economic Organisation of England\", still a set text on many A-level and University syllabuses.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "African Economic History", "paragraph_text": "African Economic History is an annual academic journal covering research on all aspects of the economics of the African past, including its historiography, with an emphasis on sub-Saharan, colonial and post-colonial themes. It was established in 1974 as the \"African Economic History Review\" and obtained its current title in 1976. The journal is published by the African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Katrina Honeyman", "paragraph_text": "Katrina Honeyman (18 June 1950 \u2013 23 October 2011) was a British economic historian and Professor of Social and Economic History at the University of Leeds. Much of her work focused on the role of women and children in industrialisation in Britain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "T. S. Ashton Prize", "paragraph_text": "The T. S. Ashton Prize, established with funds donated by the late Professor T. S. Ashton (1889-1968), is awarded biennially by the Economic History Society to the author of the best article accepted for publication in the \"Economic History Review\" in the previous two calendar years, who satisfies at least one of the following conditions at time of submission:", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8c5b635542996e8ac88a75", "question_text": "Which breed, Chinese Chongqing Dog or Kanni, is used for hunting?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Kanni"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Finnish Spitz", "paragraph_text": "A Finnish Spitz (Finnish language: \"Suomenpystykorva\") is a breed of dog originating in Finland. The breed was originally bred to hunt all types of game from squirrels and other rodents to bears. It is a \"bark pointer\", indicating the position of game by barking, and drawing the game animal's attention to itself, allowing an easier approach for the hunter. Its original game hunting purpose was to point to game that fled into trees, such as grouse, and capercaillies, but it also serves well for hunting elk. Some individuals have even been known to go after a bear. In its native country, the breed is still mostly used as a hunting dog. The breed is friendly and in general loves children, so it is suitable for domestic life. The Finnish Spitz has been the national dog of Finland since 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Tugou", "paragraph_text": "Tugou (\u571f\u72d7, pinyin: \"t\u01d4 g\u01d2u\"), literally means Native Dog in Mandarin Chinese, is the general name for several dog breeds originated from China and still abundantly exists across the country today. Tugou includes the most popular Chinese dog breed - the Chinese Field Dog (, pinyin: \"zh\u014dng hu\u00e1 ti\u00e1n yu\u00e1n qu\u01cen\"), Chinese Chongqing Dog, Xiasi Dog, and several other native dog breeds distributed across China. They are roughly 45\u201350\u00a0cm tall at the shoulder.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "German Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The German Spaniel, also known as the Deutscher Wachtelhund (German quail dog), is a breed of dog that was developed in Germany around 1890, and is used as a hunting dog. Descended from the old German breed, the Stoeberer (lit. \"rummager\"), which became popular with commoners following the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states, who required a versatile hunting dog. Stoeberer is now a type of hunting dog in Germany with the Wachtelhund being its sole member. The breed is not very well known outside of Germany, but was recognised by the United Kennel Club in 1996.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kanni", "paragraph_text": "The Kanni, which means maiden, is a rare indigenous South Indian sighthound breed of dog found in the state of Tamil Nadu. The breed is used mainly for coursing game.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "South Mountain Botanical Garden", "paragraph_text": "South Mountain Botanical Garden () is the largest botanical garden in Chongqing. It is a major urban park of central Chongqing, and it is one of the 8 major civil projects of Chongqing Municipal. It is located on Tongluo Mountain, an anticline range in southeastern edge of central Chongqing area. Totally 1646 plant species are raised in the garden, most of which are subtropical low mountain species. Triassic and Jurassic sedimentary rocks and geological structures are distributed throughout the garden. The botanical garden is divided into many smaller gardens. Rose garden, camellia garden, plum blossom garden, orchis garden and the endangered species garden are most popular ones. The Great Golden Eagle, a gold-colored cement eagle statue of more than 50 meters tall, is set in this garden. It is one of Chongqing's landmarks, and is used as a navigation mark by some airlines flying to Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Chinese Chongqing Dog", "paragraph_text": "The Chinese Chongqing Dog is a rare breed of dog native to the Chongqing city of China. In its early years, it was used for hunting wild boar and rabbits, but it's now used in China to protect families and belongings. They are an ancient, natural breed said to have existed for 2,000 years since the time of the Han Dynasty in Ancient China. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the breed's numbers were greatly reduced, and only people in rural communities still kept it; the breed is still rare, even in China.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pavle Deliba\u0161i\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Pavle Deliba\u0161i\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: , born 30 November 1978) is a Serbian footballer. He had previously played for Spartak Subotica, Bosnian FK Leotar Trebinje, FK \u010cukari\u010dki Stankom, Chinese Chongqing Lifan and Greek Kallithea F.C., back in Serbia with FK Zemun and with Bulgarian Minyor Pernik and FK Banat Zrenjanin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "He Shu", "paragraph_text": "He Shu (Chinese: \u4f55\u8700; born 1948 in Chongqing) is a magazine editor and historian of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Barred from entering high school in 1964 because of his father\u2019s \u201drightism\u201d, he ended up becoming a temporary contract laborer. In 1972, permanently employed as a worker in the Chongqing Steel Plant. In 1981, transferred to the Chongqing People\u2019s Broadcasting Station where he became an editorial assistant in the cultural and historical programs department. In May 1989, helped launch the Chongqing magazine \"Red Crag Spring and Autumn Annals\" \uff08\u300a\u7ea2\u5ca9\u6625\u79cb\u300b\uff09of which he is (in 2009) deputy editor-in-chief.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Wetterhoun", "paragraph_text": "The Wetterhoun (FCI No.221, translated into English as the Frisian Water Dog) is a breed of dog traditionally used as a hunting dog for hunting small mammals and waterfowl in the province of Fryslan in the Netherlands. The name of the dog comes from the West Frisian \"Wetterh\u00fbn\" meaning \"water dog.\" Plural of Wetterhoun is Wetterhounen in Dutch. The breed may also be called the \"Otterhoun\" (not to be confused with the Otterhound) or \"Dutch Spaniel\", although it is not a Spaniel-type dog.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Chongqing Dangdai Lifan F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Chongqing Dangdai Lifan () is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). The team is based in Chongqing and their home stadium is the Chongqing Olympic Sports Center that has a seating capacity of 58,680. They are owned by Dangdai International Group.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae61ac355429929b0807ac6", "question_text": "H Pistorius & Co is part of the reason for the wealth of the family that includes which South African sprinter?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Oscar Leonard Carl Pistorius"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Pieter Smith", "paragraph_text": "Pieter Smith (born April 3, 1987 in Upington) is a South African sprinter, who specialized in the 400 metres. He set his personal best time of 45.63 seconds by winning the 400 metres event at the 2009 South African Championships in Stellenbosch.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Corn\u00e9 du Plessis", "paragraph_text": "Corn\u00e9 du Plessis (born 20 March 1978) is a South African sprinter. Together with Morne Nagel, Lee-Roy Newton and Mathew Quinn he won a silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics. Their time of 38.47\u00a0seconds was a South African record. Earlier in the season he won the bronze medal in the 200 metres at the 2001 Summer Universiade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Oscar Pistorius", "paragraph_text": "Oscar Leonard Carl Pistorius OIB ( ; ] ; born 22 November 1986) is a South African sprint runner and convicted murderer. Both of Pistorius' legs were amputated below the knee when he was 11 months old. He was the tenth athlete to compete at both the Paralympic Games and Olympic Games, competing in sprint events for below-knee amputees in Paralympic events, and in non-disabled sprint events.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Justine Palframan", "paragraph_text": "Justine Palframan (born 4 November 1993) is a South African sprinter specialising in the 200 and 400 metres. She won the 400 m event at the 2015 Summer Universiade. She also represented South Africa at the IAAF 2013 World Championships and 2016 Olympics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "H Pistorius &amp; Co", "paragraph_text": "H Pistorius & Co is a private South African company based in Pretoria, which according to its website is the oldest supplier of agricultural lime in Africa. The company is also the backbone for the personal wealth of the Pistorius family (one member being Oscar Pistorius).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gordon Day", "paragraph_text": "Gordon Raymond Day (born 4 January 1936) is a retired South African sprinter. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in the 400 metres and 4\u00d7400 metres relay events and finished fourth in the relay. He was part of the South African team that won the 4\u00d7440 yards relay at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, while finishing third in the individual 220 yards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Paul Nash (athlete)", "paragraph_text": "Paul Nash (born 1947) is a South African sprinter who tied the 100-metre world record four times in 1968 with a time of 10.0 seconds. He attended Michaelhouse school in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tamzin Thomas", "paragraph_text": "Tamzin Thomas (born 6 October 1997) is a South African sprinter. She won two medals at the 2015 African Junior Championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tsholofelo Thipe", "paragraph_text": "Tsholofelo Thipe (n\u00e9e Selemela) (born 9 December 1986) is a South African sprinter, who specialized in the 400 metres. She set a personal best time of 51.15 seconds by winning the 400 metres event at the 2009 South African Championships in Stellenbosch. She was born in Rustenburg, North West Province.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ncincihli Titi", "paragraph_text": "Ncincilili Titi (born 15 December 1993) is a South African sprinter who competes primarily in the 200 metres events. He finished fourth at the 2014 African Championships, as well as at the 2015 Summer Universiade.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a84af3e5542991dd0999d7c", "question_text": "Which city in Missouri is the Route 66 State Park closest to travel from, St.Louis or Eureka?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Eureka"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "West Tyson County Park", "paragraph_text": "West Tyson County Park is a county park in the U.S. state of Missouri consisting of 673 acres located in St. Louis County east of the town of Eureka. The park is located north of Interstate 44, west of Tyson Research Center, east of Route 66 State Park, and south and east of the Meramec River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Casa Grande Hotel (Elk City, Oklahoma)", "paragraph_text": "The Casa Grande Hotel is a historic hotel located at the intersection of 3rd Street and historic U.S. Route 66 in downtown Elk City, Oklahoma. The hotel opened in 1928, shortly after Route 66 was designated, to lodge the growing number of travelers on the highway. Architects Hawk and Parr designed the four-story building in the Spanish Eclectic style; their design features arched windows and doors and stone ornamentation along the arches. Spanish-influenced styles such as the Spanish Eclectic were common on the southwestern portion of Route 66 due to the region's Spanish history. The luxury hotel faded in popularity after the 1920s, and as a result, the Casa Grande is the only high-rise hotel on Route 66 between Oklahoma City and Amarillo, Texas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Route 66 State Park", "paragraph_text": "Route 66 State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Missouri, located on the former site of the town of Times Beach. It is a 419 acre park located less than 1 mi east of Eureka.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "U.S. Route 66", "paragraph_text": "U.S. Route\u00a066 (US\u00a066 or Route\u00a066), also known as the Will Rogers Highway, the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was one of the original highways within the U.S. Highway System. US\u00a066 was established on November 11, 1926, with road signs erected the following year. The highway, which became one of the most famous roads in the United States, originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona before ending at Santa Monica, California, covering a total of 2448 mi . It was recognized in popular culture by both the hit song \"(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66\" and the \"Route\u00a066\" television show in the 1960s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "U.S. Route 66 in Kansas", "paragraph_text": "U.S. Route\u00a066 (US\u00a066, Route\u00a066), the historic east\u2013west US highway between Chicago, Illinois and Santa Monica, California, passed through one brief segment in the southeastern corner of Kansas. It entered the state south of Baxter Springs and continued north until it crossed the Brush Creek, from where it turned east and left the state in Galena. After the decertification of the highway in 1985, this road segment was numbered as US-69 (alternate) from Quapaw, Oklahoma north to Riverton, Kansas and as K-66 (Kansas highway) from Riverton east to Route\u00a066 in Missouri.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Angel Delgadillo", "paragraph_text": "Angel Delgadillo is a businessowner in Seligman, Arizona who has been dubbed the 'guardian angel' of U.S. Route 66. He is the main founder of the Historic Route 66 Association of Arizona, established in 1987 to campaign for \"Historic Route 66\" signage on the former US highway; similar initiatives have since been established in every U.S. Route 66 state.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Route 66 Park", "paragraph_text": "Route 66 Mural Park (opened 2013 in Joplin, Missouri) operates as a public park, specifically as a touchstone for US Route 66 tourists as well as for local preservers of U.S. Route 66 in Missouri. The park includes two large tile murals proposed by Paul Whitehill, produced by Images In Tile USA and designed by artists Chris Auckerman and Jon White. The park also features a bifurcated red sports car that anyone on pilgrimage can slide up beside and have a quickie photograph taken. Close to the intersection of 7th Street and Main, the mural covers the south side of Pearl Brothers, the iconic green hardware store of downtown Joplin. Near that same intersection, US Route 66 once shifted west and headed into Kansas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dixie Travel Plaza", "paragraph_text": "The Dixie Travel Plaza, previously known as the Dixie Truck Stop and Dixie Trucker's Home, is a large trucker and travel plaza located in McLean, Illinois, on Interstate 55. It was established by J.P. Walters and John Geske in 1928 on old US Route 66 as a small sandwich stand in a truck mechanic's garage. By 1930, quickly growing demand had necessitated expansion into a full-size restaurant. The restaurant was expanded several times afterwards, and rebuilt once after a fire in 1965. Walters, Geske and the Dixie Trucker's Home have been recognized by the Route 66 Association of Illinois for their contributions\u2014from 1926 to 1977\u2014to the character of Route 66. They were inducted into the association's hall of fame on June 9, 1990. Dixie was previously home to the Route 66 Hall of Fame when it opened in 1990. In 2003, after Dixie changed ownership, the museum was moved to a new, larger location in Pontiac, Illinois.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "U.S. Route 66 in Missouri", "paragraph_text": "U.S. Route\u00a066 (US\u00a066, Route\u00a066) is a former east\u2013west United States Numbered Highway, running from Santa Monica, California to Chicago, Illinois. In Missouri, the highway ran from downtown St. Louis at the Mississippi River to the Kansas state line west of Joplin. The highway was originally Route\u00a014 from St. Louis to Joplin and Route\u00a01F from Joplin to Kansas. It underwent two major realignments (in the St. Louis and Joplin areas) and several lesser realignments in the cities of St. Louis, Springfield, and Joplin. Current highways covering several miles of the former highway include Route\u00a0100, Route\u00a0366, Route\u00a0266, Route\u00a096, and Route\u00a066. Interstate 44 (I-44) approximates much of US\u00a066 between St. Louis and Springfield.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Times Beach, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "Times Beach is a ghost town in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States, 17 mi southwest of St. Louis and 2 mi east of Eureka. Once home to more than two thousand people, the town was completely evacuated early in 1983 due to a dioxin contamination that made national headlines. It was the largest civilian exposure to dioxin in the country's history.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f5273554299458435d5b1", "question_text": "Bill Bryson grew up in a city that is the seat of which county ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Polk County"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bill Bryson's African Diary", "paragraph_text": "Bill Bryson's African Diary is a 2002 book by best-selling travel writer Bill Bryson. The book details a trip Bryson took to Kenya in 2002. Bryson describes his experiences there and observations about Kenyan culture, geography, and politics, as well as his visits to poverty-fighting projects run by CARE International, to which he donated all royalties for the book.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid", "paragraph_text": "The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid is a 2006 memoir by best-selling travel writer Bill Bryson. The book delves into Bryson's past, telling of his youth growing up in Des Moines, Iowa, during the 1950s and early 1960s. It also reveals the backstory between himself and Stephen Katz, who appeared in \"A Walk in the Woods\" and \".\" Bryson also describes and comments on American life in the 1950s. The title of the book comes from an imaginary alter-ego Bryson invented for himself in his childhood, who has the ability to \"vaporise people.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Down Under (book)", "paragraph_text": "Down Under is the British title of a 2000 travelogue book about Australia written by best-selling travel writer Bill Bryson. In the United States and Canada it was published titled In a Sunburned Country, a title taken from the famous Australian poem, \"My Country\". It was also published as part of \"Walk About\", which included \"Down Under\" and another of Bryson's books, \"A Walk in the Woods: Rediscovering America on the Appalachian Trail\", in one volume.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Lost Continent: Travels in Small-Town America", "paragraph_text": "The Lost Continent: Travels in Small-Town America is a book by travel writer Bill Bryson, chronicling his 13,978 mile trip around the United States in the autumn of 1987 and spring 1988. It was Bryson's first travel book.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Michael Bryson", "paragraph_text": "Michael G. Bryson (August 22, 1942 \u2013 May 22, 2012) was a news and sports reporter and editor from Des Moines, Iowa and the elder brother of travel writer Bill Bryson. He co-authored a book \"The Babe Didn't Point: And Other Stories About Iowans and Sports\" with his son Michael G. Bryson Jr in 1989. He also wrote a book called \"The Twenty-Four-Inch Home Run\" in 1990. Bryson was an editor and associate publisher of the Sun Press Newspapers in Hawaii from 1979 to 1986. He covered the New York Mets in 1969 while a sports reporter for the Associated Press. He was a news reporter for the \"Des Moines Register and Tribune\" from 1970 to 1979. He attended Drake University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Notes from a Big Country", "paragraph_text": "Notes from a Big Country, or as it was released in the United States, I'm a Stranger Here Myself, is a collection of articles written by Bill Bryson for \"The Mail on Sunday\"'s \"Night and Day\" supplement during the 1990s, published together first in Britain in 1998 and in paperback in 1999. The book discusses Bryson's views on relocating to Hanover, New Hampshire, after spending two decades in Britain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Bill Bryson Sr.", "paragraph_text": "William Eugene \"Bill\" Bryson Sr. (March 3, 1915 \u2013 January 1986) was a sports journalist for the \"Des Moines Register\" for 50 years. He married Agnes Mary McGuire (born 1913 in Nebraska, died 2015) and had three children: Michael, William, and Mary Elizabeth. A book of some of his best sports stories was published by his son Michael called \"\". His son Bill Bryson is a popular journalist and writer of travel books, who now lives in England.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Des Moines, Iowa", "paragraph_text": "Des Moines is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is also the county seat of Polk County. A small part of the city extends into Warren County. It was incorporated on September 22, 1851, as Fort Des Moines, which was shortened to \"Des Moines\" in 1857. It is on and named after the Des Moines River, which likely was adapted from the French colonial name, \"Rivi\u00e8re des Moines,\" meaning \"River of the Monks.\" The city's population was 203,433 as of the 2010 census. The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 91st in terms of population in the United States with 599,789 residents according to the 2013 estimate by the United States Census Bureau.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Mother Tongue", "paragraph_text": "The Mother Tongue (ISBN\u00a0 ) is a book by Bill Bryson which compiles the history and origins of the English and the language's various quirks. It is subtitled \"English And How It Got That Way\". The book discusses the Indo-European origins of English, the growing status of English as a global language, the complex etymology of English words, the dialects of English, spelling reform, prescriptive grammar, and more minor topics including swearing. This account popularises the subject and makes it accessible to the lay reader; but Bryson's book has been criticised for some inaccuracies, such as the perpetuation of several urban myths, including an uncritical account of the number of words Eskimos have for snow. He also inaccurately describes some other languages and their writing systems, such as Chinese and Japanese, just to give an example.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Neither Here nor There: Travels in Europe", "paragraph_text": "Neither Here nor There: Travels in Europe is a 1991 humorous travelogue by American writer Bill Bryson. It documents the author's tour of Europe in 1990, with many flashbacks to two summer tours he made in 1972 and 1973 in his college days. Parts featuring his 1973 tour focus to a large extent on the pseudonymous \"Stephen Katz\", who accompanied Bryson, and who would play a more prominent role in Bryson's later book \"A Walk in the Woods\", as well as appearing in \"The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abaa32655429955dce3eeaa", "question_text": "James Conlon directed the oldest outdoor Music Festival that is located and what state?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Illinois"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Country Jam USA", "paragraph_text": "Country Jam USA is a country music festival that celebrates music during the very heart of Summer. The outdoor music festival features the hottest headliners of today\u2019s country music. There are many ways to attend and enjoy the festival including Sky Box to see the action behind the scenes of the artists or be in the front of the stage with tickets to the Party Pit! Reserved seating, VIP packages are available to upgrade your day of music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Wakestock (Canada)", "paragraph_text": "The Wakestock Action Sports and Music Festival is a wakeboarding contest and Canada\u2019s largest action sports and music festival . It is held in Ontario, Canada on the Toronto Islands, Toronto, Ontario. The name Wakestock refers to the famous outdoor music festival Woodstock.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Spring Awakening (festival)", "paragraph_text": "Spring Awakening was founded as a concert series in 2008. The event eventually outgrew the theater, and in 2012 SAMF was turned into a two-day outdoor music festival at Soldier Field by the Chicago-based promoting agency React Presents. In 2013, Spring Awakening Music Festival expanded to three days with over 90,000 people in attendance. SAMF has been held either the second or third weekend of June Over the years, the Festival has become increasingly popular due to the large fan base of electronic dance music in the Chicago area. As people now come from across the globe just to attend the Festival, there are discussed rumors that the Festival could be extending onwards towards many other states.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Intro Music Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Intro Music Festival is an annual outdoor electronic music festival that occurs in late May in the city of Beijing, China. It is one of the largest outdoor music festival held in China.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Global Gathering", "paragraph_text": "Global Gathering was an annual dance music festival by Angel Festivals Limited. Festivals are held in countries such as the UK, Poland, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and feature leading electronic music artists from around the globe. The festival has been running since 2001; the concept came about following enormous interest in the opening \"Code\" club (now \"Air\"), the home of Godskitchen. The organisers recognised that there was room to expand dance music from clubs to outdoor music festival venues.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ravinia Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Ravinia Festival is the oldest outdoor music festival in the United States, with a series of outdoor concerts and performances held every summer from June to September. In Ravinia Park's first summer of 1905, it hosted the New York Philharmonic, and the prairie style Martin Theater dates from this time period. It has been the summer home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) since 1936. Located in Highland Park, Illinois, the festival operates on the grounds of the 36 acre (150,000 m\u00b2) Ravinia Park, with a variety of outdoor and indoor performing arts facilities.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Meredith Music Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Meredith Music Festival (otherwise known simply as Meredith or MMF) is a three-day outdoor music festival held every December at the \"Supernatural Amphitheatre\", a natural amphitheatre located on private farmland near the town of Meredith in Victoria, Australia. A self-funded, non-commercial event that was first held in 1991, the festival spawned Golden Plains, a music festival that takes place over the Labor Day long weekend in March.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Orange Drive Miami Beach Music Festival", "paragraph_text": "Orange Drive Miami Beach Music Festival is a three-day outdoor music festival that occurs on New Year\u2019s weekend in South Beach, on Ocean Drive between 5th-14th streets. A state of the art amphitheater is constructed on the beach. Revelers party on the sand and under the stars in average temperatures of 70 degrees during that time period. Orange Drive is positioned to be the biggest and coolest New Year\u2019s celebration on the planet!", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "James Conlon", "paragraph_text": "James Conlon (born March 18, 1950) is an American conductor of opera, and symphonic and choral works. He is Music Director of Los Angeles Opera and Principal Conductor of the Italian RAI National Symphony Orchestra. He was the long serving director of the two-week Cincinnati May Festival from 1979 through 2016. From 2005 to 2015, he was music director at the Ravinia Festival, the summer home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. He is known for his efforts in reviving music by composers suppressed during the Nazi regime.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Maitreya Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Maitreya Festival (sometimes spelt Maitreyah festival) is a large outdoor music festival held yearly in Melbourne, Australia. The festival generally plays a mixture of Psy-trance and techno, and has a large associated Alternative community. It has grown considerably in size over its 10-year history, with the event starting with 2000 people, building to attract 10,000 attendees in 2015, its 9th year of operation. In terms of outdoor electronic music events (commonly known as Doofs or Bush Doofs in Australia, this makes it the third biggest after Rainbow Serpent and Earthcore. It is the largest Psytrance event in Australia. Maitraya has been said as some to be more \u201cIdeaologically in tune\u201d and less commercial.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae37e6e5542992f92d822e0", "question_text": "Which countries forces fought in The Battle of H\u00fcrtgen Forest which was covered in the shooter video game Darkest Hour: Europe '44-'45?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["American and German"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Human Romance", "paragraph_text": "The Human Romance is the seventh studio album by the American melodic death metal band Darkest Hour. The album was released on February 22, 2011, in North America through eOne Music, and was released on March 7 in Europe through Century Media Records. This would be Darkest Hour's last album with drummer Ryan Parrish and bassist Paul Burnette.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Battle of H\u00fcrtgen Forest", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of H\u00fcrtgen Forest (German: \"Schlacht im H\u00fcrtgenwald\" ) was a series of fierce battles fought from 19 September to 16 December 1944 between American and German forces on the Western Front during World War II in the H\u00fcrtgen Forest about 50 mi2 east of the Belgian\u2013German border. It was the longest battle on German ground during World War II, and is the longest single battle the U.S. Army has ever fought.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Deliver Us (Darkest Hour album)", "paragraph_text": "Deliver Us is the fifth studio album by American melodic death metal band Darkest Hour. It was released on July 10, 2007 through Victory Records. The album debuted at number 110 on the Billboard album charts, with sales of 6,600. \"Sanctuary\" is featured in the video game, \"Tony Hawk's Proving Ground\", while \"Demon(s)\" is featured in \"Guitar Hero 5\" and \"Doomsayer\" was made available in \"\" through the \"Darkest Hour Track Pack\", the last to be released by Activision. The artwork was created by John Baizley who has also done art for bands such as Pig Destroyer, Daughters, and his own band Baroness.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Darkest Hour", "paragraph_text": "The Darkest Hour is a phrase coined by British prime minister Winston Churchill to describe the period of World War II between the fall of France in 1940 and the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, when the British Empire stood alone against Nazi Germany and the Axis Powers in Europe. The length of time between the fall of France in June 1940 and the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 measured 363 days, or 11 months and 28 days. It is particularly used for the time when the United Kingdom was under direct threat of invasion; following the evacuation of the British Army from Dunkirk and prior to victory in the Battle of Britain. The darkest moment is usually considered to have been 10 May 1941, when over 1,500 civilians died in Luftwaffe bombing raids on London alone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Leonard Lomell", "paragraph_text": "Leonard G. \u201cBud\u201d Lomell (January 22, 1920 \u2013 March 1, 2011) was a highly decorated former United States Army Ranger who served in World War II. He is best known for his actions in the first hours of D-Day at Pointe du Hoc on the coast of Normandy, France. Pointe du Hoc was the site of the German Army\u2019s largest coastal weapons, five 155-millimeter German guns with a 25-kilometer range that endangered the tens of thousands of troops landing on Omaha Beach and Utah Beach, and thousands of watercraft in the English Channel supporting the Normandy invasion. Unbeknownst to the Allied intelligence, the Germans had concealed the guns in an orchard, but left them operational and ready to fire. Through skill, courage and \u201cpure luck,\u201d Lomell found and quickly disabled all five guns. Lomell was recognized by historian Stephen Ambrose as the single individual \u2014 other than Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower \u2014 most responsible for the success of D-Day. Six months later, in the Battle of H\u00fcrtgen Forest, he would again distinguish himself, earning a Silver Star for his heroism and leadership as the 2nd Ranger Battalion captured and held Hill 400. After the war he returned to Ocean County, New Jersey, becoming an attorney in Toms River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "John W. Minick", "paragraph_text": "John Wilson Minick (June 14, 1908 \u2013 November 21, 1944), born in Wall, Pennsylvania, near East McKeesport in Allegheny County, to Anthony Fuhrman and Alma J. (Churchfield) Minick, whose patriarchal Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry can be traced back to the 1700s in Perry County, Pennsylvania. He was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration\u2014the Medal of Honor\u2014for his actions during the Battle of H\u00fcrtgen Forest in World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "H\u00fcrtgenwald", "paragraph_text": "H\u00fcrtgenwald is a municipality in the district of D\u00fcren in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, approx. 15\u00a0km south-west of D\u00fcren. Much of the area is covered by forest (H\u00fcrtgenwald in literal translation means H\u00fcrtgen Forest).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Darkest Hour: Europe '44-'45", "paragraph_text": "Darkest Hour: Europe '44-'45 is a free modification developed by Darklight Games / The Darkest Hour Team for Tripwire Interactive's multiplayer first-person shooter video game \"\", It is based on the Western Front during World War II between 1944 and 1945, depicting the conflict between Allied and German forces. Several large-scale operations are covered, including the invasion of Normandy, Battle of the Bulge, Operation Market Garden, and Battle of the H\u00fcrtgen Forest.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Battle of Heartbreak Crossroads", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Heartbreak Crossroads was fought at a vital crossroads near a forester's cabin named Wahlerscheid, astride the Siegfried Line (\"Westwall\") that ran along the H\u00f6fen-Alzen and Dreiborn ridges, about 5.6 mi north of Krinkelt-Rocherath, Belgium. In early December 1944, the U.S. V Corps trucked the experienced 2nd Infantry Division from positions it had held in the south to Krinkelt-Rocherath, twin villages adjacent to Elsenborn Ridge and near the southern tip of the H\u00fcrtgen Forest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "When Trumpets Fade", "paragraph_text": "When Trumpets Fade, an HBO war film first presented on June 27, 1998, was directed by John Irvin, produced by John Kemeny and written by W.W. Vought. It is set during the World War II Battle of H\u00fcrtgen Forest in Autumn of 1944.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8aecff55429950cd6afbef", "question_text": "How many beer brands are in the portfolio of the company that hired Leonardus (Leo) Petrus Beukeboom to decorate cafes?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["over 170"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Beer shop", "paragraph_text": "A beer shop (also referred to as beershop) is a retail store where beer and other goods related to beer are sold. Beer shops can be found all around the world, but there are many located in famous beer countries like Belgium, Germany or England. Beer shops range in size, and may be located on streets or in shopping malls. Beer shops usually offer many different kinds of beer brands. Some shops offer only regional beer brands which are famous or well known in their region. Others also offer a big range of beer including beer brand from all around the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Emu (beer)", "paragraph_text": "Emu is a beer brand name now owned by Lion. It was originally brewed by the Emu Brewery in 1908 until the brewery's sale to the Swan Brewery in 1927. The production of the Emu branded beer continued from a separate autonomous brewery in Perth until 1978, and then was relocated to a combined brewery in Canning Vale. In 2014 Lion Nathan moved production of both the Emu and Swan beer brands to the company's West End Brewery in South Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Christian Moerlein Brewing Co.", "paragraph_text": "Christian Moerlein Brewing Co. is a private beer company that began production in 1853 in Cincinnati, Ohio by German immigrant Christian Moerlein. Before closing its doors in 1919 as result of prohibition, Christian Moerlein was among the ten largest American breweries by volume. In 1981, the brand was revived by the Hudepohl Brewing Company as a \"better beer\" a precursor to the current craft beer category and is considered a pioneer craft beer of today's craft beer movement. In 1999, Hudepohl-Schoenling Brewing Co. sold out to a group of out-of-town owners, a sale that included the famed Christian Moerlein craft beer brand. In 2004, Greg Hardman a Cincinnati resident purchased Christian Moerlein, as well as 65 other historic Cincinnati brands, returning local ownership to Cincinnati in a move that included a plan to return Cincinnati's grand brewing traditions. The four phase plan was, 1) return the local ownership of Cincinnati's great beer brands to Cincinnati; 2) build their base of sales to; 3) open local brewing operations in the heart of Cincinnati's historic Brewery District and; 4) open a World-class Moerlein Lager House on the banks of the Ohio River to act as a signal that beer is back in Cincinnati.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ice beer", "paragraph_text": "Ice beer is a marketing term for pale lager beer brands which have undergone some degree of fractional freezing somewhat similar to the German Eisbock production method. These brands generally have higher alcohol content than typical beer and generally have a low price relative to their alcohol content.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Karlova\u010dko", "paragraph_text": "Karlova\u010dko is a popular beer in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. It is the signature product of brewer Karlova\u010dka Pivovara, located in the city of Karlovac. It has an alcohol content of about 5.4 percent by volume. Its makers describe it as \"golden-yellow\" in color and \"refreshingly\" bitter in taste. It won a 2005 Brewing Industry International Award golden medal in the category of beers with 4.5 to 5.5 percent alcohol. Pictured here in a brown bottle, Karlova\u010dko is now sold in green bottles (also in cans and plastic packaging). A new era of the brewery business, then called the Karlova\u010dka pivovara, began on 1 April 2003. That was when HEINEKEN, the most international brewer, became the owner of the brewery. As a successful and significant part of the HEINEKEN company, Karlova\u010dka pivovara took the name Heineken Hrvatska d.o.o. on 10 December 2014. In its portfolio Heineken Hrvatska has top-level products that will satisfy the tastes of adult beer lovers on various occasions. Besides Karlova\u010dko beer, the family of beer also includes: Karlova\u010dko 0.0% Maxx, Karlova\u010dko Limun Natur Radler, Karlova\u010dko Laganini Natur Radler, Karlova\u010dko Le\u0111ero Natur Radler, Karlova\u010dko nepasterizirano Retro and Karlova\u010dko crno. They also have international brands such as Heineken, Amstel Premium Pilsener, Edelweiss Snowfresh, Desperados, Affligem, cider No 1 in the world - Strongbow and Stari lisac, local cider. In their portfolio there are also La\u0161ko Zlatorog, La\u0161ko Special beers in three flavors and Union Radler grapefruit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "V\u00edfilfell", "paragraph_text": "V\u00edfilfell is the Icelandic franchisee for brands of The Coca-Cola Company. Those brands include Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Fresca, Powerade, Magic and Burn. V\u00edfilfell also produces some beer brands along with local fruit juices and a chocolate milk drink Kappi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Birra Tirana", "paragraph_text": "Birra Tirana \"(English: Tirana Beer )\" is a beer company based in Tirana, Albania. It is the largest beer producer and the largest selling beer in the country. It is also exported and sold in Kosovo and the United States. The company is fabricated by Birra Malto Brewery. It currently produces three different beer brands. Birra Tirana is sold both in bottles and cans of 0.33 lit and 0.5 lit and also in kegs 30 liters and 50 liters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Leo Beukeboom", "paragraph_text": "Leonardus (Leo) Petrus Beukeboom (1943) is a signpainter and lettering artist from De Pijp, Amsterdam perhaps best known for his krulletters (\"curly letters\") that adorn the city's bruin cafes (\"brown cafes\") throughout the central neighborhoods of the Jordaan, de Pijp, and Nieuwe Zijde. Beukeboom was originally trained as a typographic compositor, holding both a diploma and certificate in layout from the Amsterdamse Grafische School. After completing his courses in 1962, Beukeboom worked trivial jobs until 1967 when he began working as a freelance signpainter, almost exclusively for the Amsterdam-based Heineken brewery which commissioned him to decorate cafes as a general advertising strategy, a collaboration that lasted until 1989. Beukeboom devoted over thirty years decorating cafes in the krulletters tradition, until 2001 when forced to retire due to health reasons.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Heineken brands", "paragraph_text": "Heineken International is a group which owns a worldwide portfolio of over 170 beer brands, mainly pale lager, though some other beer styles are produced. As of 2006, Heineken owns over 125 breweries in more than 70 countries and employs approximately 57,557 people.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "AB InBev brands", "paragraph_text": "Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV (] ; abbreviated as AB InBev) is the largest beer company in the world. It had 200 brands prior to the merger with SABMiller on October 10, 2016. The combined ABInBev/SAB Miller entity has approximately 400 beer brands as of January 2017.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade38d8554299728e26c680", "question_text": "What group of languages is the surname Gref, meaning \"Grave,\" taken from?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Germanic"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "D\u0105browski", "paragraph_text": "D\u0105browski (] ; feminine D\u0105browska, plural D\u0105browscy) or Dabrowski is the 11th most common surname in Poland (87,304 people in 2009); this is down from an apparent rank of 4th in 1990. \"D\u0105browski\" is a habitational name derived from the placename 'D\u0105browa' or 'D\u0105br\u00f3wka', which is used for several specific places in Poland or generically as \"oak grove\", the English meaning for these Polish words. Variants of the surname include Dombrowski, Dobrowski, and Dobrosky. \"Dobrowski\" also has an independent origin as a habitational name derived from the placename 'Dobr\u00f3w'. The text-figure below summarizes the relationships among these various words. In other Slavic countries, the same surname takes the form Dubrovsky, as the Polish \"\u0105\" corresponds to \"u\" in most other Slavic languages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Del Rosario", "paragraph_text": "Del Rosario, in Spanish and Italian languages, and do Ros\u00e1rio in Portuguese language (English: of the rosary ) is a surname that has as its etymology, the Latin preposition, \"\"de\"\" meaning \"\"of the\"\" and the Latin noun \"\"rosarium\"\", meaning \"\"rosegarden\"\" or \"\"garland of roses\"\" but in this case, takes the meaning of \"\"rosary\"\", the Roman Catholic devotion to the Virgin Mary. In fact, its origins are from the Middle Ages, around the 12th century, and it is much associated with the cult of the Virgin Mary at the time when the rose became part of the holy aura, which surrounded anything to do with Mary, and the Our Lady of the Rosary's Feast of the Holy Rosary. This surname is common in Romance languages regions, and is also one of the most common surnames in the Philippines and other islands of Spanish East Indies since the mid-19th century, and where it is one of the most popular clans together with Cruz, Santos, Reyes, Gonzales, Bautista, Garc\u00eda, Mendoza, Aquino, and others, because there are so many people that have this surname.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Back from the Grave, Volume 4 (CD)", "paragraph_text": "Back from the Grave, Volume 4 (CD), is the fourth installment in the Back from the Grave compact disc-exclusive series of garage rock compilations assembled by Tim Warren of Crypt Records. It was released on October 10, 2000. Its track listing differs from that of the LP version, which is part of the \"Back From the Grave\" LP-edition series, also on Crypt. In keeping with all of the entries in the series, and as indicated in the subheading which reads \"Raw 'n' Crude Mid-60s Garage Punk! ,\" this collection consists of many songs which display the rawer and more aggressive side of the genre and are often characterized by the use of fuzztone-distorted guitars and rough vocals. Accordingly, the set generally excludes psychedelic, folk rock, and pop-influenced material in favor of basic primitive rock and roll. The packaging features a booklet containing well-researched liner notes written by Tim Warren which conveys basic information about each song and group, such as origin, recording date, and biographical sketches, usually written in a conversational style that includes occasional slang, anecdotes, humorous asides. The liner notes are noticeably opinionated, sometimes engaging in tongue-in-cheek insults directed at other genres of music. The booklet also includes photographs of the bands, and the front cover features a highly satirical cartoon by Mort Todd depicting revivified \"rock and roll\" zombies who, on this occasion, with the help of Batman's sidekick, Robin, have taken the 1966 TV series Batmobile out for a \"wild joyride\" and are intent on causing as much mayhem as possible and \"lassoing\" unsuspecting bystanders\u2014only on this outing, their \"victims\" are more \"randomly selected\" than as customarily portrayed on \"Back from the Grave\" sleeves.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Frisian languages", "paragraph_text": "The Frisian languages are a closely related group of Germanic languages, spoken by about 500,000 Frisian people, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany. The Frisian languages are the closest living language group to the Anglic languages; the two groups make up the Anglo-Frisian languages group. However, modern English and Frisian are not mutually intelligible, nor are Frisian languages intelligible among themselves, due to independent linguistic innovations and foreign influences.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mandel", "paragraph_text": "Mandel is a surname that occurs in multiple cultures and languages. It is a Dutch, German and Jewish surname, meaning \"almond\", from the Middle High German and Middle Dutch \"mandel\". Mandel can be a locational surname, from places called Mandel, such as Mandel, Germany. Mandel may also be a Dutch surname, from the Middle Dutch \"mandele\", meaning a number of sheaves of harvested wheat. The name may refer to:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pogrebinsky", "paragraph_text": "Pogrebinsky (also spelled \"Pogrebinski\", \"Pogrebinskii\", and \"Pogrebinskiy\") is a surname of Slavic language origin. The earliest record of \"Pogrebinsky\" comes from Ukraine. The surname may derive from a place of origin or refer to someone who worked at a graveyard or was involved in burials. In Slavic languages, the prefix \"po\" indicates \"by\" or \"near\" while \"grob\" may refer to a grave, casket, or cellar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Doi (surname)", "paragraph_text": "DOI is a Hindu Gurjar surname and also a Japanese surname Doi (\u571f\u4e95\u3001\u571f\u5c45\u3001\u571f\u80a5 ) are three Japanese family names that are pronounced identically, with the first kanji of each pair of characters meaning \"earth.\" Since they are the same phonetically, they are romanized identically: \"do\" for the first character and \"i\" for the second. Their identical pronunciation makes them function as the same surname in languages with writing systems that do not use some form of Chinese characters (for example, the Latin alphabet).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Santamaria", "paragraph_text": "Santamaria (also spelled Santamar\u00eda or Santa Maria) is a surname from the Latin Arch in Europe. The name, a reference to the Blessed Virgin Mary meaning \"Holy Mary\" or \"Saint Mary\", means the same thing in the Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and Catalan languages, as thus it has origins in several different European countries where those languages are spoken. The surname has spread further afield to the Americas, especially South America and various other places via immigration and colonisation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Gref", "paragraph_text": "Gref is a German surname of Frisian origin, meaning \"Grave\". It may refer to", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Graham (given name)", "paragraph_text": "Graham ( ) is a masculine given name in the English language. According to some sources, it comes from an Old English word meaning \"grey home\". According to other sources, it comes from the surname \"Graham\", which in turn is an Anglo-French form of the name of the town of Grantham, in Lincolnshire, England. The settlement is recorded in the 11th century \"Domesday Book\" variously as \"Grantham\", \"Grandham\", \"Granham\" and \"Graham\". This place name is thought to be derived from the Old English elements \"grand\", possibly meaning \"gravel\", and \"ham\", meaning \"hamlet\" the English word given to small settlements of smaller size than villages. In the 12th century the surname was taken from England to Scotland by Sir William de Graham, who founded Clan Graham. Variant spellings of the forename are \"Grahame\" and \"Graeme\". The forename \"Graham\" is considered to be an English and Scottish given name. Its origin as a surname has led to its occasional use as a female given name, as for example in the case of Graham Cockburn, a daughter of Henry Cockburn, Lord Cockburn.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a819e2755429903bc27b988", "question_text": "Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ed7i tried to assassinate a future ambassador from which US state ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Massachusetts"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.", "paragraph_text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (July 5, 1902 \u2013 February 27, 1985) sometimes referred to as Henry Cabot Lodge II, was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts and a United States ambassador. He was the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 presidential election.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Vietnam at the 2012 Summer Paralympics", "paragraph_text": "Vietnam competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London. This was the third participation of Vietnam at the Paralympics after Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008. The country was represented by 11 competitors. The Vietnam team in 2012 comprised: Athletics: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb H\u1ea3i, Cao Ng\u1ecdc H\u00f9ng (flagbearer), Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng Lu\u1eadn. Swimming: V\u00f5 Thanh T\u00f9ng. , Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh Trung, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb Lan, Tr\u1ecbnh Th\u1ecb B\u00edch Nh\u01b0. Powerlifting: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng, Ch\u00e2u Ho\u00e0ng Tuy\u1ebft Loan, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ph\u00fac, Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ecnh An.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ngo Dinh Diem", "paragraph_text": "Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m (] ; 3 January 1901\u00a0\u2013 2 November 1963) was a South Vietnamese politician. A former mandarin of the Nguy\u1ec5n dynasty, he was named Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam by Head of State B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i in 1954. In October 1955, after winning a heavily rigged referendum, he deposed B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i and established the first Republic of Vietnam (RVN), with himself as president. He was a leader of the Catholic element and was opposed by Buddhists. In November 1963, after constant Buddhist protests and non-violent resistance, Di\u1ec7m was assassinated during a coup d'\u00e9tat, along with his brother, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Nhu, by Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nhung, the aide of the leader of the Army of Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), General D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Minh.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "High National Council (South Vietnam)", "paragraph_text": "The High National Council (South Vietnam) (\"Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia\") (8 September 1964 \u2013 20 December 1964) was a civilian legislative assembly convened by the Military Revolutionary Council (MRC) led by the three generals D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Minh, Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u00e1nh and Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n Khi\u00eam, under US pressure, after the First Republic led by Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m was overthrown by the military junta. Its ultimate objective was to prepare the constitution of the Second Republic of South Vietnam. The Council consisted of 16 well-respected citizens: Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Ch\u1eef, T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Hanh, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u1ec1n, Ng\u00f4 Gia Hy, Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Luy\u1ec7n, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1ef1c, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh Nam, H\u1ed3 V\u0103n Nh\u1ef1t, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Qu\u1ebf, L\u00ea Kh\u1eafc Quy\u1ebfn, Phan Kh\u1eafc S\u1eedu, L\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ecdng T\u01b0\u1eddng, H\u1ed3 \u0110\u1eafc Th\u1eafng, L\u00ea V\u0103n Thu, Mai Th\u1ecd Truy\u1ec1n and Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n V\u0103n.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thu\u1eadn", "paragraph_text": "Phanxic\u00f4 Xavi\u00ea Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thu\u1eadn or Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thu\u1eadn (] ; 17 April 1928 \u2013 16 September 2002), was a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. He was a nephew of South Vietnam's first president, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, and of Archbishop Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ee5c.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1964 South Vietnamese coup", "paragraph_text": "Before dawn on January 30, 1964, General Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u00e1nh ousted the military junta led by General D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Minh from the leadership of South Vietnam without firing a shot. It came less than three months after Minh's junta had themselves come to power in a bloody coup against then President Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m. The coup was bloodless and took less than a few hours\u2014after power had been seized Minh's aide and bodyguard, Major Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nhung was arrested and summarily executed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Madame Nguyen Van Thieu", "paragraph_text": "Madame Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u (born : Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Mai Anh) served as First Lady of South Vietnam from 1967\u201375. She is the widow of Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u a Vietnamese general and politician, who served as President of the Republic of Vietnam from 1967 until his resignation in 1975. She was born in M\u1ef9 Tho.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef", "paragraph_text": "Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1eef (, 1754 - 1787) was the one of the T\u00e2y S\u01a1n brothers who formed Quangnam's short-lived T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Dynasty. His older brothers were Emperor Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c, common name Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u1ea1c and Emperor Quang Trung, common name Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hu\u1ec7. After defeating the Nguy\u1ec5n Lords and seizing Saigon in 1783 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1eef became king of the South, while Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1ea1c was crowned king of central Vietnam.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb L\u00fd Bridge", "paragraph_text": "The Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ed7i\u2013Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb L\u00fd Bridge (Vietnamese: \"C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ed7i\u2013Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb L\u00fd\" ) is a bridge spanning the H\u00e0n River in the city of \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, Vietnam. The new bridge replaces two older bridges named after Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ed7i and Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb L\u00fd.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ed7i", "paragraph_text": "Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1ed7i (1 February 1940 \u2013 15 October 1964) was a Vi\u1ec7t Minh (National Liberation Front) bomber. He gained notoriety after being captured by South Vietnamese forces while trying to assassinate United States Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and future ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. who were visiting South Vietnam in May 1963.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab467975542991751b4d75f", "question_text": "When was the duo formed who's English language song is the \"Freaky Like Me\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1992"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Time to Say Goodbye (Antique song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Time to Say Goodbye\" is an English language song released by Greek-Swede duo Antique. It was released as a CD Single with its Greek version titled \"Alli Mia Fora\" (One More Time) in 2003 by Bonnier Music in Scandinavian countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Madcon", "paragraph_text": "Madcon is a Norwegian musical duo formed in 1992 by Yosef Wolde-Mariam and Tshawe Baqwa. To date, they have released six albums.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Cry Baby (Jemini song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Cry Baby\", written and composed by Martin Isherwood, was the United Kingdom's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2003, and was performed by the duo Jemini. To date, it is the only song ever entered by the United Kingdom to earn no points (\"\"nul points\"\") from any other countries. It was also the first ever English language song to receive no points.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Glow (Madcon song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Glow\" is an English language song by the Norwegian urban duo Madcon. It is the first single released from their fourth album Contraband. The song is produced by production team Element, and written by Element and Madcon. Madcon performed the song during the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 interval in Oslo, Norway.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Do Ya (Anthony Jasmin song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Do Ya\" is the debut single of the Danish pop duo Anthony Jasmin, winners of the seventh season of the Danish version of \"X Factor\". The English language song was their winners song in the finale of the show on 28 March 2014. The song, immediately released after the results were announced, peaked on the Tracklisten the official Danish Singles Chart at number 1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Freaky Like Me", "paragraph_text": "\"Freaky Like Me\" is an English language song by the Norwegian urban duo Madcon featuring vocals from Belgian-Tunisian singer Ameerah. It is the second single released from their fourth album \"Contraband\". The song was written by Ameerah, TJ Oosterhuis, Arjang \"DreamRoc'a\" Shishegar, Tshawe Baqwa and Yosef Wolde-Mariam and produced by Norwegian producer DreamRoc'a, also known as Sha, and TJ Oosterhuis. It was released on 20 September 2010. The song reached number one in Norway, making it their third number one in the country and their third biggest international hit.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Outrun the Sun", "paragraph_text": "\"Outrun the Sun\" is an English language song by the Norwegian urban duo Madcon featuring vocals from Maad*Moiselle. It is the third single released from their fourth album Contraband. The song was written by Jonas Jeberg, Terence Abney, Tshawe Baqwa, Yosef Wolde-Mariam, Marcella Brailsford, Kasper Larsen, Ole Brodersen. It was released on 19 November 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Helluva Nite", "paragraph_text": "\"Helluva Nite\" is an English language song by the Norwegian urban duo Madcon featuring vocals from Maad*Moiselle, even though Ludacris is featured on the album, Madcon decided not to put him in the single. It is the fourth single released from their fourth album Contraband. The song was written by Jonas Jeberg, Christopher Bridges, Marcus John Bryant, Nakisha Smith, Tshawe Baqwa and Yosef Wolde-Mariam. It was released on the 26 September 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Commitment Issues", "paragraph_text": "\"Commitment Issues\" is the debut single of the Danish sister duo Embrace, winners of the ninth season of the Danish version of \"X Factor\". The English language song was their winners song in the finale of the show on 1 April 2016. The song peaked on the Hitlisten, the official Danish singles chart, at number 18.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Liar (Madcon song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Liar\" is an English language song by the Norwegian urban duo Madcon from their third studio album An InCONvenient Truth. The song was written by Kim Ofstad, Jonny Sjo, Hitesh Ceon, Yosef Woldemariam and Tshawe Shoore Baqwa and was released in 2008 in Norway and on 20 February 2009 in the UK. The song reached #2 in Norway and #65 in Germany.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a886c0c55429938390d3f51", "question_text": "Who owns the broadcasting platform where Games Done Quick is broadcast?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Amazon.com"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Live365", "paragraph_text": "LIVE365 is an Internet radio broadcasting and listening network where users are able to create their own online radio stations, or choose to listen to thousands of human curated stations created by people from around the globe. LIVE365 is unique in that online radio stations on the LIVE365 network were created and managed by music and talk enthusiasts, including both hobbyists and professional broadcasters. LIVE365 also has many well established AM and FM stations that utilized the LIVE365 broadcasting platform to simulcast their terrestrial radio streams via the Live365 distribution network. The Live365 network also features radio stations from well-known artists such as Johnny Cash, David Byrne, Pat Metheny, Jethro Tull, Frank Zappa, and more. LIVE365 was created in 1999, and remains one of the longest running internet radio websites for listeners and broadcasters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Twitch.tv", "paragraph_text": "Twitch is a live streaming video platform owned by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of Amazon.com. Introduced in June 2011 as a spin-off of the general-interest streaming platform, Justin.tv, the site primarily focuses on video game live streaming, including broadcasts of eSports competitions, in addition to creative content, \"real life\" streams, and more recently, music broadcasts. Content on the site can either be viewed live or via video on demand.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Games Done Quick", "paragraph_text": "Games Done Quick is a biannual video game speedrun charity marathon held in the United States, originally organized by the Speed Demos Archive and Speedruns Live communities. Since 2015, it has been handled by Games Done Quick, LLC. Held since 2010, the events have raised money for several charities; the most common two being the Prevent Cancer Foundation and Doctors Without Borders. The events are broadcast live on Twitch. Viewers are encouraged to donate for incentives during the stream such as naming characters in a run, having the runners attempt more difficult challenges, or winning prizes. Over $12 million has been raised across seventeen marathons.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Summer Games Done Quick 2016", "paragraph_text": "Summer Games Done Quick 2016 (sometimes abbreviated as SGDQ 2016) was a speedrun charity marathon hosted by the Speedruns Live community on 3\u20139 July, 2016. Held at the Hilton Minneapolis Downtown in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the event consisted of 177 consecutive speedruns, spread over seven days. Participants played through a large variation of video games, including games in the \"Super Mario\" and \"The Elder Scrolls\" series. The event included multiple races, blindfolded play-throughs, and two \"Tetris\" competitions. Summer games Done Quick 2016 raised $1,297,924.44 USD for Doctors Without Borders, a slight improvement over the 2015's Summer marathon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Noirhouse", "paragraph_text": "Noirhouse is an award winning Australian dark comedy indie web series, starring Melanie Irons, Nathan Spencer and Mick Davies. It plays on film-noir archetypes, featuring three main characters - a shady detective, femme fatale and Russian mobster. It premiered in September 2013 with an early screening at the Peacock Threater in Hobart, before beginning broadcast on its own website for a 3 episode first series. It was picked up by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation for a six episode second season to be released on its iView broadcasting platform, to begin running in November 2014. It was originally funded by Screen Tasmania and Screen Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Trihex", "paragraph_text": "Mychal Ramon Jefferson, better known under the screen name Trihex, is an American professional gamer and speedrunner. Active at the biannual Games Done Quick events, Trihex is best known for his runs of \"Jet Set Radio\" and \"Yoshi's Island\". He is a very popular livestreamer, with over 200,000 followers on Twitch. He is also known to be the face of the Twitch emote, TriHard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Flash (video gamer)", "paragraph_text": "Lee Young-ho (born 5 July 1992 \uc774\uc601\ud638) is a South Korean \"\" and \"StarCraft II\" player who played Terran for the Korean pro-gaming team KT Rolster under the alias By.FlaSh or simply Flash. He is widely considered the best \"StarCraft\" player of all time. Lee began playing \"StarCraft II\" competitively in 2011, until his retirement in December 2015. He subsequently returned to playing \"Starcraft: Brood War\", and started his personal broadcast in February 2016 on the AfreecaTV personal broadcasting platform. Since returning to \"Brood War\", Lee has won first place in both Season 2 and Season 3 of the Afreeca Starleague.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Speed Demos Archive", "paragraph_text": "Speed Demos Archive (commonly known as simply SDA) is a website dedicated to video game speedruns. SDA's primary focus is hosting downloadable, high-quality speedrun videos, and currently has runs of over eleven hundred games, with more being added on a regular basis. SDA also hosts two annual speedrunning charity marathons, Awesome Games Done Quick and Summer Games Done Quick. It has so far hosted thirteen marathons, and has raised over $10 million for various charities, with the most successful so far being Awesome Games Done Quick 2017, which raised over $2.2 million for the Prevent Cancer Foundation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dash Radio", "paragraph_text": "Dash Radio is a digital radio broadcasting platform with more than 80 original stations. These stations are curated by DJs, radio personalities, musicians, and music tastemakers. The platform includes partner stations curated by Snoop Dogg, Odd Future, Kylie Jenner, Lil Wayne, Tech N9ne, Borgore, B-Real of Cypress Hill, XXL Magazine, and others. Dash Radio has no subscription fees and is commercial-free.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Quake Done Quick", "paragraph_text": "Quake done Quick is a series of machinima and speedrun movies in which Quake, its mission packs, and a few of its related games, are completed as fast as possible, utilizing any shortcut or trick, such as bunny hopping and rocket jumping (but not cheats) necessary. These movies are available in the game engine's native demo format and in rendered multimedia versions such as AVI files.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7fa55555429969796c1b0e", "question_text": "The star of \"The Inkwell\" also starred in what 1993 movie as O-Dog?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Menace II Society"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Promises and Lies", "paragraph_text": "Promises and Lies is the tenth album by the British reggae band UB40, released in 1993. It includes the hit from the soundtrack of the 1993 movie \"Sliver\", \"Can't Help Falling in Love\", originally sung by Elvis Presley. The album reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 6 in the United States. It is the band's best-selling album (over 9 million copies).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mark Buntzman", "paragraph_text": "Mark Buntzman is the film director, writer, producer and actor of the cult classic movie \"Exterminator 2\", and was also the producer of the first, \"The Exterminator\". Other than those two movies, he hasn't produced, directed, or written any other prominent films. He did, though, have a cameo in the 1993 movie \"Posse\" as Deputy Buntzman, as well as playing a reporter in the 1995 movie \"Panther\". Both movies starred Mario Van Peebles, who also played a large role in \"Exterminator 2\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Scott Spencer (writer)", "paragraph_text": "Scott Spencer (born September 1, 1945 in Washington, D.C.) is an American author who has written eleven novels. He also wrote the screenplay for the 1993 movie \"Father Hood\". Two of Spencer's novels, \"Endless Love\" and \"Waking the Dead,\" have been adapted into films. \"Endless Love\" was first adapted into a motion picture by Franco Zeffirelli in 1981, and a second adaptation by Shana Feste was released in 2014. \" Waking the Dead\" was produced by Jodie Foster and directed by Keith Gordon in 2000. The novels \"Endless Love\" and \"A Ship Made of Paper\" have both been nominated for the National Book Award, with \"Endless Love\" selling over 2 million copies. Spencer has heavily panned both film adaptations of \"Endless Love\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Michelle Burke", "paragraph_text": "Michelle Burke (born Michelle Gray; November 30, 1970) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Jodi Kramer in the 1993 Richard Linklater film \"Dazed and Confused\" and as Connie Conehead in the 1993 movie \"Coneheads\". She also appeared in the 1994 sequel to \"Major League\", \"Major League II\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jennifer Ward-Lealand", "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Cecily Ward-Lealand, ONZM (born 8 November 1962 ), is a New Zealand screen and theatre actress whose screen CV includes starring in 1993 movie \"Desperate Remedies\", and appearances in \"The Footstep Man\", soap \"Shortland Street\" and Australian comedy series \"Full Frontal\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Kurt Bestor", "paragraph_text": "Kurt Bestor (born 1958) is an American keyboardist and composer specializing in new-age, film scores, and jazz. He is known for his synthesizer-based Christmas music similar to Mannheim Steamroller Christmas, some of which were featured on the Weather Channel during the holiday season in the 1980s and '90s. His well-known songs are \"Prayer of the Children\", \"Mama Don't You Weep\". He is also known for composing music for the 1993 movie \"Rigoletto\", and for writing music for the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic games, as well as various official The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints videos.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Larenz Tate", "paragraph_text": "Larenz Tate (born September 8, 1975) is an American film and television actor. He\u2019s best known for his roles as Peter Waters in \"Crash\" and as O-Dog in the 1993 hood film, \"Menace II Society\". His other films include \"Dead Presidents\", \"Love Jones\", \"Why Do Fools Fall in Love\", \"A Man Apart\", \"Waist Deep\", \"Biker Boyz\", and \"Ray\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Streiht Up Menace", "paragraph_text": "\"Streiht Up Menace\" is a 1993 single by MC Eiht off the soundtrack of 1993 movie \"Menace II Society\". The lyrics of the song focus on the life of the characters in the movie, acting as a sort of plot summary for the film. Compton's Most Wanted also did this with another song from a soundtrack with the song \"Growin' Up In The Hood\" from the \"Boyz n the Hood\" soundtrack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Inkwell", "paragraph_text": "The Inkwell is a 1994 romantic comedy/drama film, directed by Matty Rich. The film stars Larenz Tate, Joe Morton, Suzzanne Douglass, Glynn Turman, Jada Pinkett Smith and Vanessa Bell Calloway.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Darrell Britt-Gibson", "paragraph_text": "Darrell Britt-Gibson is an American actor, known for his role as Darius \"O-Dog\" Hill on the HBO series \"The Wire\". He has also appeared on the Showtime series \"Californication\", the Starz series \"Power\", and the FX series \"You're the Worst\". In 2016, he starred in the films \"Keanu\" and \"20th Century Women\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a75fa8c55429976ec32bcda", "question_text": "Who composed music for this 1941 American animated film with the main character of Jumbo Jr.?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Dan Crow"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Merrill Jenson", "paragraph_text": "Merrill Boyd Jenson (born January 20, 1947) is an American composer and arranger who has composed film scores for over thirty films including , , The Testaments of One Fold and One Shepherd, , Harry's War, and Windwalker. Many of the films Jenson composed music for were directed by Academy Award-winning director Kieth Merrill. Jenson has also composed several concert productions including a symphony that premiered at Carnegie Hall. Additionally, he has composed music for many television commercials including the acclaimed Homefront ads, music for three outdoor pageants, and several albums. Jenson lives in Provo, Utah with his wife Betsy Lee Jenson.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Music of Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII", "paragraph_text": "The music for the 2013 action role-playing game \"\", developed and published by Square Enix, was composed by Masashi Hamauzu, Naoshi Mizuta, and Mitsuto Suzuki. Hamauzu was the leader composer for \"XIII\" and \"XIII-2\", and Mizuta and Suzuki previously composed music for \"XIII-2\". Musicians who had previously worked with the composers on \"XIII-2\" and \"The 3rd Birthday\" worked on the project in Japan, while the main soundtrack was performed and recorded in Boston by the Video Game Orchestra, conducted by Shota Nakama. Along with including more percussion and ethnic elements, the soundtrack used \"Blinded by Light\", the main theme for main character Lightning, as a leitmotif. Unlike the previous \"XIII\" games, the soundtrack did not include a theme song, as the composers felt it would detract from the emotional impact of the ending.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Down on the Farm (1941 film)", "paragraph_text": "Down on the Farm is a 1941 American short animated film directed by Tex Avery. It was nominated for an Academy Award at the 14th Academy Awards for Best Short Subject (One-Reel).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dan Crow (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Dan Crow is a performer of children's songs. He is best known for performing the theme song (\"Walk Outside\") of the movie \"The Adventures of Milo and Otis\", but also composed many Disney songs, most significantly for Winnie the Pooh and Dumbo. He also performed on a Baby Songs spinoff video, and regular appearances on children's educational channels like Noggin and The Learning Channel, as well as his own commercial video and audio recordings.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jan Nov\u00e1k (composer)", "paragraph_text": "Jan Nov\u00e1k (8 April 1921, Nov\u00e1 \u0158\u00ed\u0161e \u2013 11 November 1984, Neu Ulm) was a popular Czech composer of classical music. Nov\u00e1k was primarily active in the 1960s and composed the music for several films of Karel Kachy\u0148a. Nov\u00e1k also composed music for the films of animators Ji\u0159\u00ed Trnka and Karel Zeman, the leading figures of the Czech animated film, as well as for \"Wir\" (1982, TV film) (based on \"We\", the 1921 Russian novel by Yevgeny Zamyatin).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dumbo", "paragraph_text": "Dumbo is a 1941 American animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The fourth Disney animated feature film, it is based upon the storyline written by Helen Aberson and illustrated by Harold Pearl for the prototype of a novelty toy (\"Roll-a-Book\"). The main character is Jumbo Jr., a semi-anthropomorphic elephant who is cruelly nicknamed \"Dumbo\". He is ridiculed for his big ears, but in fact he is capable of flying by using his ears as wings. Throughout most of the film, his only true friend, aside from his mother, is the mouse, Timothy \u2013 a relationship parodying the stereotypical animosity between mice and elephants.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Reluctant Dragon (1941 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Reluctant Dragon is a 1941 American live action and animated film produced by Walt Disney, directed by Alfred Werker, and released by RKO Radio Pictures on June 20, 1941. Essentially a tour of the then-new Walt Disney Studios facility in Burbank, California, the film stars radio comedian Robert Benchley and many Disney staffers such as Ward Kimball, Fred Moore, Norman Ferguson, Clarence Nash, and Walt Disney, all as themselves.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Naoki Sat\u014d", "paragraph_text": "Naoki Sat\u014d (\u4f50\u85e4 \u76f4\u7d00 , Sat\u014d Naoki , born May 2, 1970 in Chiba, Japan) is a Japanese composer who has provided the music for several popular anime series including the first five \"Pretty Cure\" series, \"X\", \"Eureka Seven\", \"Sword of the Stranger\", and \"Blood-C\". He graduated from the Tokyo College of Music in 1993. At the 29th Japan Academy Prize in 2006, he won the Best Music prize for his work on the film \"Always Sanch\u014dme no Y\u016bhi (Always Sunset on Third Street)\". He also composed music for anime films such as \"Pretty Cure All Stars DX\" trilogy, \"Stand By Me Doraemon\". In live-action dramas, he provided music and soundtracks for TV dramas \"Good Luck!! \" \"Water Boys\", \"H2: Kimi to Ita Hibi\" and \"Ry\u014dmaden\". He provided the music for the \"Space Battleship Yamato\" film, as well as the \"Rurouni Kenshin\" and \"\" live-action film series. For the 38th Japan Academy Prize in 2015, he was nominated in the Best Score category for his work in \"The Eternal Zero\". While he did not win the award, \"The Eternal Zero\" won several awards including Best Picture, and \"Stand By Me Doraemon\" won for Best Animated Film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Three Sons o' Guns", "paragraph_text": "Three Sons o' Guns is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Benjamin Stoloff and written by Fred Niblo, Jr.. The film stars Wayne Morris, Marjorie Rambeau, Irene Rich, Tom Brown, William T. Orr, Susan Peters and Moroni Olsen. The film was released by Warner Bros. on August 2, 1941.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dumbo (air-sea rescue)", "paragraph_text": "Dumbo was the code name used by the United States Navy during the 1940s and 1950s to signify search and rescue missions, conducted in conjunction with military operations, by long-range aircraft flying over the ocean. The purpose of Dumbo missions was to rescue downed American aviators as well as seamen in distress. Dumbo aircraft were originally land-based heavy bomber aircraft converted to carry an airborne lifeboat to be dropped in the water near survivors. The name \"Dumbo\" came from Walt Disney's flying elephant, the main character of the animated film \"Dumbo\", appearing in October 1941.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac39f7b554299218029dbe7", "question_text": "Robert Earl Holding owned an oil company that was originally founded by who?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Harry F. Sinclair"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Skelly Oil", "paragraph_text": "Skelly Oil Company was a medium-sized oil company founded in 1919 by William Grove (Bill) Skelly, Chesley Coleman Herndon and Frederick A. Pielsticker in Tulsa, Oklahoma. J.\u00a0Paul Getty acquired control of the company during the 1930s. Skelly Oil became part of Getty Oil Company, Mission Oil Company, Tidewater Oil Company. It became defunct when absorbed by Getty Oil Company in 1974, and the abandoned Skelly brand logo was revived by Nimmons-Joliet Development Corp. in 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Carabobo Field", "paragraph_text": "Carabobo is an oil field located in Venezuela's Orinoco Belt. As one of the world's largest accumulations of recoverable oil, the recent discoveries in the Orinoco Belt have led to Venezuela holding the world's largest recoverable reserves in the world, surpassing Saudi Arabia in July 2010. The Carabobo oil field is majority owned by Venezuela's national oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA). Owning the majority of the Orinoco Belt, and its estimated 1.18 trillion barrels of oil in place, PDVSA is now the fourth largest oil company in the world. The field is well known for its extra Heavy crude oils, having an average specific gravity between 4 and 16 \u00b0API. The Orinoco Belt holds 90% of the world's extra heavy crude oils, estimated at 256 billion recoverable barrels. While production is in its early development, the Carabobo field is expected to produce 400,000 barrels of oil per day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "101 Ranch Oil Company", "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1908 by oil exploration pioneer E. W. Marland, The 101 Ranch Oil Company was located on the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch and headquartered in Ponca City, Oklahoma. The company\u2019s 1911 oil discovery in North Eastern Oklahoma opened up oil development in a great region from Eastern Oklahoma west to Mervine, Newkirk, Blackwell, Billings and Garber and led to the founding of the Marland Oil Company, later renamed the Continental Oil Company, now known as Conoco.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Aghajari oil field", "paragraph_text": "The Aghajari oil field is an iranian oil field located in Khuzestan Province. It was discovered in 1938 and developed by National Iranian Oil Company. It began production in 1940 and produces oil. The total proven reserves of the Aghajari oil field are around 30 billion barrels (3758\u00d710tonnes), and production is centered on 300000 oilbbl/d . The field is owned by state-owned National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and operated by National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Robert Holding", "paragraph_text": "Robert Earl Holding (November 29, 1926 \u2013 April 19, 2013) was an American businessman who owned Sinclair Oil Corporation, the Little America Hotels, the Grand America Hotel, the Westgate Hotel in San Diego, California (directed by Georg Hochfilzer), and two ski resorts, Sun Valley in central Idaho since 1977, and Snowbasin near Ogden, Utah, since 1984.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Rag Sefid oil field", "paragraph_text": "The Rag Sefid oil field is an oil field located in Khuzestan Province, approximately 6\u00a0km in nearest distance from the Persian Gulf, southwest Iran. It was discovered in 1964 and developed by National Iranian Oil Company and began production in 1966. The total proven reserves of the Rag Sefid oil field are around 14,5 billion barrels, and production is centered on 180000 oilbbl/d . The field is owned by state-owned National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and operated by National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "A4 Holding", "paragraph_text": "A4 Holding S.p.A. known as Gruppo A4 Holding (previously as Serenissima Group), is an Italian holding company based in Verona, Veneto region. The company owned \"Autostrada Brescia Verona Vicenza Padova\" (100%), the operator of Brescia\u2013Padua section of Autostrada A4 and Autostrada A31 (Rovigo via Vicenza to Piovene Rocchette), as well as an equity interests in Autostrada del Brennero, the operator of Autostrada A22 (Modena to Brenner Pass; 4.2327% stake via \"Serenissima Partecipazioni\" which A4 Holding owned 99.999% stake) and Autostrade Lombarde, the parent company of the operator of Autostrada A35 (Brescia to Milan; 4.90% stake via \"Autostrada Brescia\u2013Padova\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sinclair Oil Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Sinclair Oil Corporation is an American petroleum corporation, founded by Harry F. Sinclair on May 1, 1916, as the Sinclair Oil and Refining Corporation by combining the assets of 11 small petroleum companies. Originally a New York corporation, Sinclair Oil reincorporated in Wyoming in 1976. The corporation's logo features the silhouette of a large green dinosaur.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ahvaz Field", "paragraph_text": "The Ahvaz oil field is an Iranian oil field located in Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province. It was discovered in 1953 and developed by National Iranian Oil Company. It began production in 1954. Ahvaz field is one of the richest oil fields in the world with an estimated proven reserves are around , and production is centered on 750000 oilbbl/d . The field is owned by state-owned National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and operated by National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Little America, Wyoming", "paragraph_text": "Little America is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 68 at the 2010 census. The community got its name from the Little America motel, which was purposefully located in a remote location as a haven, not unlike the base camp the polar explorer Richard E. Byrd set up in the Antarctic in 1928. However, being situated on a coast-to-coast highway and offering travel services, it thrived, launching a chain of travel facilities by the same name. Its developer, Robert Earl Holding, died on April 19, 2013, with a personal net worth of over $3 billion.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adebbbd554299728e26c793", "question_text": "Northland Mall was the first directionally-named shopping center in Columbus, 5 years before which shopping center at the intersection of US-40 and I-270?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Westland Mall"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Del Monte Center", "paragraph_text": "Del Monte Center is an open-air shopping center located in Monterey, California. Del Monte Center is the largest shopping center on the Monterey Peninsula and the second largest shopping mall in Monterey County, California, and has the only department store in a 22-mile radius. Del Monte Center was designed by architect John Carl Wernecke, built by Williams and Burrows Construction Company and originally opened in 1967 but expanded and renovated in 1987. The shopping center encompasses 675000 sqft of retail space including 85 stores, one department store (Macy's), Whole Foods Market, restaurants (California Pizza Kitchen, P.F. Chang's China Bistro, Pizza My Heart, Islands Fine Burgers & Drinks, Subway, Chipotle Mexican Grill, Starbucks and Lalla Grill), a gym and spa (Energia) and a thirteen screen Century Theatres. Petco was added in 2004, replacing Stroud's. The existing theater complex moved in 2006, with the former complex becoming a furniture store for Macy's.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Westland Mall (Columbus)", "paragraph_text": "Westland Mall was an 860000 sqft shopping center located on the west side of Columbus, Ohio, at the western intersection of U.S. Route 40 and Interstate 270.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Springdale Mall", "paragraph_text": "Springdale Mall is a shopping center located in Mobile, Alabama, United States, directly across from Bel Air Mall. Opened in 1959 as an open-air shopping center, Springdale Mall was later redeveloped as an enclosed shopping center. Facing competition from larger shopping centers in the area, Springdale was demolished in stages in the 2000s, with most of the former enclosed mall being replaced with big box stores.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Park City Center", "paragraph_text": "Park City Center is a shopping mall located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and is the largest enclosed shopping center in Lancaster County. It is situated at the intersection of U.S. Route 30 and Harrisburg Pike. The shape of the mall resembles a snowflake, with its stores occupying 8 corridors extending from the center. The roof in the center of the mall is a large white tent, and encloses the octagonal Center Court. The mall underwent a major renovation in 2008, which took 18 months and included updates to every part of the mall. During its early years Park City was also called \"Mall of Four Seasons\" because of the seasonal names given to the 4 corridors leading to each anchor. Going clockwise from west to east was JC Penney in the two-story Winter quadrant, Sears in Spring, Gimbel's (future Pomeroy's/Boscov's) in Summer and Watt & Shand (later Bon-Ton) in Autumn. The high tech mall located in the heart of Amish country was one of the first to have its own closed-circuit television. Studios for Park City Communications and Lancaster/York/Harrisburg CBS affiliate WLYH-TV 15 were located on the first floor in the Winter wing alongside an ice skating rink.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bulgaria Mall", "paragraph_text": "Bulgaria Mall was officially opened on 1 December 2012 and is the first shopping center in Sofia and Bulgaria which will be positioned as an upper scale mall, focusing on the proper combination of medium to premium international brands with the highest quality Bulgarian retailers. Owners of Bulgaria mall are Myles Summerfield and Nikola Yanakiev. More specifically, the shopping center is positioned at the intersection of two of the most significant Sofia's boulevards \u2013 Bulgaria boulevard and Todor Kableshkov boulevard. Bulgaria Mall has an exceptional location, close to the downtown (less than a 10 min. drive), the Ring Road (app. 2 min. drive) and some of the most affluent residential quarters of Sofia. The mall will be developed as part of a mixed-use retail and office project with approximately 130,000 m\u00b2 of total built-up area (33,000 m\u00b2 for the commercial area). The shopping center will include four underground (parking and a hypermarket of approx. 5,600 m\u00b2) and four above ground levels with retail and entertainment. The parking will provide more than 1,100 lots with very convenient entrances to each underground parking deck. The office part, which will consist of an office high-rise tower and an office building, will exceed 25,000 m\u00b2 of lettable area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Springfield Town Center", "paragraph_text": "Springfield Town Center is an shopping center in Springfield, Virginia. It opened in 1973 as Springfield Mall, an enclosed shopping mall, which closed on June 30, 2012 as part of a multimillion-dollar redevelopment plan to turn it into a multifaceted \"Town Center\"-style shopping center with a main indoor area similar to the nearby Tysons Corner Center and Dulles Town Center, while transforming the exterior into a pedestrian friendly environment with restaurants with cafe style outdoor seating and entrances. It is located at the intersection of Interstate 95 and Franconia Road (Route 644), which is part of the Springfield Interchange, 1/4 mile north of Franconia-Springfield Parkway (State Route 289) and the Franconia-Springfield Metro station. The mall reopened on October 17, 2014 following its two-year renovation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ballston Common Mall", "paragraph_text": "Ballston Common Mall, which originally opened as Parkington Shopping Center in 1951, was one of the first major suburban shopping centers in the Washington D.C. area. It was the first shopping center built around a multi-story parking garage in the United States. It was located at the intersection of Glebe Road (Virginia State Route 120) and Wilson Boulevard in the Ballston neighborhood of Arlington, Virginia, two blocks from Ballston-MU Station on the Washington Metro's Orange and Silver lines. The Ballston Common mall opened on October 20, 1986, and was a $40 million replacement for the Parkington Shopping Center. The 530000 sqft center was developed in limited partnership with the May Centers, a subsidiary of the May Company who, at the time, also owned one of the anchors, Hecht's.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Northland Mall", "paragraph_text": "Northland Mall was a shopping mall located on the north side of Columbus, Ohio, at the intersection of Morse Road and Karl Road. It opened in 1964 as an open-air shopping center and the first shopping mall in Columbus. Northland was the first of the four directionally-named shopping hubs in Columbus, along with Eastland (1967), Westland (1969) and Southland (1975) [a small strip center, now closed]. Though popular through the 1990s, three new shopping centers were completed in the late 1990s and early 2000s that took businesses and shoppers away from Northland. It closed in 2002 and was demolished in 2004. The site has subsequently been redeveloped as Northland Village, a multi-use complex containing government offices, retail stores and the Franklin County Dog Shelter and Adoption Center.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)", "paragraph_text": "The Oaks Shopping Center is a two-level indoor/outdoor, super-regional shopping mall located in Thousand Oaks, California. It is owned and managed by Macerich. Accessible from the US Highway 101 Ventura Freeway midway between downtown Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, it is one of two malls in its area (competing with the Simi Valley Town Center) and the largest shopping center in Ventura County. The 1300000 sqft mall was originally built in 1978 and was renovated in 1993. Starting in February 2007, the center has undergone an extensive upgrade including interior finishes, restrooms, entrance canopies and skylights to reflect a modern Spanish and Santa Barbara-influenced design. The expansion includes a demolition of the then-vacated Broadway building and a Muvico 14-screen stadium seat theater and Bogarts, a full-service restaurant, built in its place. Additional features include a 10-unit Spanish Dining Hall and amenities like family restrooms with granite, stacked flagstone and limestone tile. Centered on the theatre are four sit-down restaurants: Lazy Dog Cafe and Red Robin, which are both connected to a 112330 sqft retail expansion in an outdoor environment, while Olive Garden and Red Lobster are located across the parking lot. The Cheesecake Factory is located inside the Shopping Center with patio dining available.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Bay Plaza Shopping Center", "paragraph_text": "Bay Plaza Shopping Center is a shopping center on the south side of Co-op City, in the Bronx, New York. In addition to various department stores and shops, such as Macy's, JCPenney, Staples, Kmart and Old Navy, it has a multiplex movie theater, several restaurants, a fitness club, and some office space. It used to operate a Barnes and Nobles bookstore across the mall but was shut down. Constructed from 1987 to 1988 by Prestige Properties, the shopping center is located between Bartow and Baychester Avenues, just outside Sections 4 and 5 of Co-op City, on an open lot that from 1960 to 1964, was the site of Freedomland USA. The Bay Plaza Shopping Center is the largest shopping center in New York City. Since opening over 25 years ago, it has become extremely successful, the center claims to hold some of the highest performing stores on a per-square-foot basis for many national retailers.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5add98ef5542997545bbbd82", "question_text": "WFMT FM radio transmits from the second tallest building in the United States, which is located where?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Chicago, Illinois, United States"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Torre Cepsa", "paragraph_text": "The Torre Cepsa (renamed in June 2014, before was Torre Bankia) (English: Cepsa Tower ) is a skyscraper located in the Cuatro Torres Business Area in Madrid, Spain. With a height of 248.3 m and 45 floors, it is the second tallest of the four buildings in the Cuatro Torres Business Area complex, surpassed by Torre de Cristal less than a metre. It is the second tallest building in Spain and the 5th tallest building in the European Union.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of tallest buildings in New Jersey", "paragraph_text": "This list of tallest buildings in New Jersey ranks skyscrapers and high-rises in the U.S. state of New Jersey by height. The tallest building in New Jersey is the 42-story 30 Hudson Street, known widely as the Goldman Sachs Tower, which rises 781 feet (238 m) at Exchange Place in Jersey City. It is also the 69th-tallest building in the United States. The second tallest building in New Jersey is the 57-story Revel Resort, which rises 709 ft (216 m) in Atlantic City and ranks as the second tallest casino tower in the United States. The National Newark Building was the tallest building in the state between 1931 and 1989. If built, a proposed 950 ft residential building in Downtown Jersey City would become the state's tallest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "U.S. Bank Tower (Los Angeles)", "paragraph_text": "U.S. Bank Tower, formerly Library Tower and First Interstate Bank World Center, is a 1018 ft skyscraper at 633 West Fifth Street in downtown Los Angeles, California. It is the third tallest building in California, the second tallest building in LA, the fifteenth tallest in the United States, the third tallest west of the Mississippi River after the Salesforce Tower and the Wilshire Grand Center, and the 92nd tallest building in the world, after being surpassed by the Wilshire Grand Center. Because local building codes required all high-rise buildings to have a helipad, it was known as the tallest building in the world with a roof-top heliport from its completion in 1989 to 2004 when Taipei 101 opened. It is also the third tallest building in a major active seismic region; its structure was designed to resist an earthquake of 8.3 on the Richter scale. It consists of 73 stories above ground and two parking levels below ground. Construction began in 1987 with completion in 1989. The building was designed by Henry N. Cobb of the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners and cost $350 million to build. It is one of the most recognizable buildings in Los Angeles, and often appears in establishing shots for the city in films and television programs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "112 Tryon Plaza", "paragraph_text": "112 Tryon Plaza is a 280 ft 22-story skyscraper in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was the second tallest building in North Carolina when completed in 1927, and the tallest building in Charlotte for about 35 more years. It is currently the 21st tallest building in the city. Located on \"The Square\" at the corner of Trade St. and Tryon St. adjacent to a pocket park, this building has a premiere location in Uptown Charlotte, also known as Charlotte center city. In 2006 it was sold for USD $12 million to the Simpson Organization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Hyperion Tower", "paragraph_text": "The Hyperion Tower (Korean: \ud558\uc774\ud398\ub9ac\uc628 \ud0c0\uc6cc), also known as the Mok-dong Hyperion Towers, is a group of three buildings located in the Yangcheon-gu district of Seoul, South Korea, completed in 2003. The tallest of which, Tower A, is 69 storeys and 256 metres (840 feet) high, making it the second tallest building in Seoul and the world's 214th tallest building. The towers are used as residential housing. Tower A is the world's 19th tallest residential building. Below the building is the Hyundai Department store, a chain of high end department stores in South Korea. At the time of its completion, the building was the tallest in the country but was surpassed by Samsung Tower Palace 3 \u2013 Tower G in 2004.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Messeturm", "paragraph_text": "The MesseTurm (English: \"Trade Fair Tower\" ) is a 63-storey, 257 m skyscraper in the Westend-S\u00fcd district of Frankfurt, Germany. It is the second tallest building in Frankfurt, the second tallest building in Germany and the third tallest building in the European Union. It was the tallest building in Europe from its completion in 1991 until 1997 when it was surpassed by the Commerzbank Tower, which is also located in Frankfurt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of tallest buildings in Indianapolis", "paragraph_text": "This list of tallest buildings in Indianapolis ranks skyscrapers and high-rises in the U.S. city of Indianapolis, Indiana, by height. Majority of the skyscrapers are located in Downtown Indianapolis. The tallest building in the city is the 49-story SalesforceTower, which rises 811 ft and was completed in 1990. The structure is the tallest completed building in the state and the 49th-tallest building in the U.S. In addition, it is the tallest building in the Midwest outside of Chicago and Cleveland. The city's second tallest structure is the OneAmerica Tower, which was the tallest building in Indiana from 1982 until 1990. Of the 40 tallest buildings in Indiana, 34 are located in Indianapolis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Willis Tower", "paragraph_text": "The Willis Tower, built as and still commonly referred to as the Sears Tower, is a 110-story, 442.1 m skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States. At completion in 1973, it surpassed the World Trade Center towers in New York to become the tallest building in the world, a title it held for nearly 25 years and remained the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere until 2014 and the completion of a new building at the World Trade Center site. The building is considered a seminal achievement for its architect Fazlur Rahman Khan. The Willis Tower is the second-tallest building in the United States and the 16th-tallest in the world. More than one million people visit its observation deck each year, making it one of Chicago's most popular tourist destinations. The structure was renamed in 2009 by the Willis Group as part of its lease on a portion of the tower's space.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of tallest buildings in Corpus Christi", "paragraph_text": "This list of tallest buildings in Corpus Christi ranks high-rises in the U.S. city of Corpus Christi, Texas by height. The tallest building in Corpus Christi is the 28-story One Shoreline Plaza South Tower, which rises 411 feet (125 m) and was completed in 1988. It also stands as the tallest building in Texas south of San Antonio. The building is located on a complex which also contains the second tallest building in the city at 375 feet (114 m). The third tallest building is the Frost Bank Plaza. It stood as the city's tallest building from 1983 to 1988.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "WFMT", "paragraph_text": "WFMT is an FM radio station in Chicago, Illinois, featuring a format of fine arts, classical music programming, and shows exploring such genres as folk and jazz. The station is managed by Window To The World Communications, Inc., owner of WTTW, one of Chicago's two Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Public television stations. WFMT is also the primary station of the WFMT Radio Network, and the Beethoven and Jazz Networks. WFMT transmits from the Willis (Sears) Tower.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abfa5fb5542990832d3a183", "question_text": "Where is the  city and \"comune\" in Emilia-Romagna in which talian Renaissance painter ;Ludovico Mazzolino located ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["northern Italy,"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ferrara", "paragraph_text": "Ferrara (] \u00a0\u00a0 ) (Emilian: Frara) is a city and \"comune\" in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. It is situated 50 km north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the 14th and 15th centuries, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance it has been qualified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Joachim Patinir", "paragraph_text": "Joachim Patinir, also called Patenier (c. 1480 \u2013 5 October 1524), was a Flemish Renaissance painter of history and landscape subjects. He was Flemish, from the area of modern Wallonia, but worked in Antwerp, then the centre of the art market in the Low Countries. Patinir was a pioneer of landscape as an independent genre and he was the first Flemish painter to regard himself primarily as a landscape painter. He effectively invented the world landscape, a distinct style of panoramic northern Renaissance landscapes which is Patinir's important contribution to Western art.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sofonisba Anguissola", "paragraph_text": "Sofonisba Anguissola (c.\u20091532 \u00a0\u2013 16 November 1625), also known as Sophonisba Angussola or Anguisciola, was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Cremona to a relatively poor noble family. She received a well-rounded education, that included the fine arts, and her apprenticeship with local painters set a precedent for women to be accepted as students of art. As a young woman, Anguissola traveled to Rome where she was introduced to Michelangelo, who immediately recognized her talent, and to Milan, where she painted the Duke of Alba. The Spanish queen Elizabeth of Valois was a keen amateur painter, and in 1559 Anguissola was recruited to go to Madrid as her tutor, with the rank of lady-in-waiting. She later became an official court painter to the king, Philip II, and adapted her style to the more formal requirements of official portraits for the Spanish court. After the queen's death, Philip helped arrange an aristocratic marriage for her. She moved to Sicily, and later Pisa and Genoa, where she continued to practice as a leading portrait painter, living to the age of ninety-three.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Giovanni Ambrogio de Predis", "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Ambrogio de Predis (Preda, c. 1455 \u2013 Milan, c. 1508) was an Italian Renaissance painter, illuminator and designer of coins active in Milan. Ambrogio gained a reputation as a portraitist, including as a painter of miniatures, at the court of Ludovico Sforza.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Parma Cathedral", "paragraph_text": "Parma Cathedral (Italian: \"Duomo di Parma; Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta\" ) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Parma, Emilia-Romagna (Italy), dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It is the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Parma. It is an important Italian Romanesque cathedral: the dome, in particular, is decorated by a highly influential illusionistic fresco by Renaissance painter Antonio da Correggio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ridolfo Ghirlandaio", "paragraph_text": "Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (or Ghirlandajo) (Florence 14 February 1483 \u2013 6 June 1561) was an Italian Renaissance painter active mainly in Florence. Ridolfo Ghirlandaio was the son of the Italian Renaissance painter Domenico Ghirlandaio.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ercole Grandi", "paragraph_text": "Ercole Grandi (1491\u20131531) was an Italian painter of the early-Renaissance period, active mainly in Ferrara. Also known as Ercole da Ferrara and Ercole di Giulio Cesare Grandi, he has been claimed to be a favourite pupil of the painter Lorenzo Costa. Ercole Grandi first appeared in the historical record as being in the service of the house of Este in 1489. Between 1489 and 1495, Ercole Grandi seems to have been working in Bologna, both in San Petronio and in the Cappella Bentivoglio of San Giacomo Maggiore, as an assistant to Lorenzo Costa. In 1495, he was in Ferrara as the chief architect for realising Duke Ercole's plans to embellish the city and renovate the churches; the facade and interior of Santa Maria in Vado were executed from his design. He worked with Ludovico Mazzolino and others on the decoration of the Castello, and painted in the apartments of Lucretia Borgia. Also in Ferrara, he painted the frescoes for the church of San Pietro Martire (now demolished), although some frescoes are preserved. One problem in assigning attribution to the hand of Ercole Grandi is that none of his works is signed or dated, or accompanied by supporting documents, but he is thought by some scholars to have painted -- in the manner of Mantegna -- or had a hand in, the decorative frescoed ceiling in the Sala del Tesoro of the Palazzo Costabili (Palazzo di Ludovico il Moro) in Ferrara between 1503 and 1506. Other scholars attribute the work to Benvenuto Tisi da Garofalo. Confusingly, the identity of Ercole Grandi is sometimes conflated with Garofalo, and an Ercole da Bologna, and (most famously by the Renaissance historian, Giorgio Vasari) with that of Ercole di Antonio Roberti or Ercole de' Roberti (and see Filippini), who was first documented as being in Ferrara in 1479, and was author of the great frescoes of the Garganelli chapel in Bologna. Most of Ercole Grandi's works have been reattributed to other Ferrarese painters, such as Giovan Francesco Maineri and Lorenzo Costa, while other scholars insist that Ercole Grandi is a mythical character.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pedro Berruguete", "paragraph_text": "Pedro Berruguete (c. 1450 \u2013 1504) was a Spanish painter; his art is regarded as a transitional style in Spain between gothic and Renaissance. Berruguete most famously created paintings of the first few years of the Inquisition and of religious imagery for Castilian retablos. He is considered by some as the first Renaissance painter in Spain. He was the father of an important sculptor, Alonso Berruguete, considered the most important sculptor in Renaissance Spain. Because of the fame accrued by Alonso, Pedro Berruguete is sometimes referred to as Berruguete el Viejo (or Berruguete the Older) to differentiate between the two.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ludovico Mazzolino", "paragraph_text": "Ludovico Mazzolino (1480 \u2013 c. 1528) - also known as Mazzolini da Ferrara, Lodovico Ferraresa, and Il Ferrarese - was an Italian Renaissance painter active in Ferrara and Bologna.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Tiriolo", "paragraph_text": "Tiriolo is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It was the birthplace of Renaissance painter Marco Cardisco.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab981555542996be2020532", "question_text": "Is Bob Hewitt a citizen of a different country than Ray Ruffels?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ray Ruffels", "paragraph_text": "Raymond Owen \"Ray\" Ruffels (born 23 March 1946 in Sydney) is an Australian former professional tennis player and coach.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "1972 New Zealand Open", "paragraph_text": "The 1972 New Zealand Open, also known as Benson and Hedges Open for sponsorship reasons, was a combined men's and women's professional tennis tournament held at the Stanley Street Courts in Auckland, New Zealand. It was an independent event, i.e. not part of the 1972 Grand Prix or 1972 World Championship Tennis circuit. The tournament was played on outdoor grass courts and was held from 7 December through 12 December 1971. Ray Ruffels and Kerry Melville won the singles titles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "1977 Alan King Tennis Classic \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Second-seeded Bob Lutz and Stan Smith won the title, defeating top-seeds Bob Hewitt and Ra\u00fal Ram\u00edrez in the final.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bob Hewitt", "paragraph_text": "Robert Anthony John Hewitt (born 12 January 1940) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. In 1967, after marrying a South African, he became a South African citizen. He has won 15 major titles and a career Grand Slam in both men's and mixed doubles.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "1979 U.S. Pro Indoor \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan were the defending champions, but Hewitt did not participate this year. McMillan partnered Bob Carmichael, losing in the semifinals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1980 Fischer-Grand Prix \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan were the defending champions but lost in the semifinals to Bob Lutz and Stan Smith.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1979 Stella Artois Championships \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan were the defending champions but only McMillan competed that year with Colin Dibley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Karting World Championship", "paragraph_text": "The Karting World Championship is ruled by the CIK-FIA. It takes place once a year, each year in a different country, and is kart racing's flagship event. From 2011 the championship has been disputed over five rounds, each of them in a different country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1978 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Ray Ruffels and Allan Stone were the defending champions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "1969 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles", "paragraph_text": "William Bowrey was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Ray Ruffels.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade3af855429939a52fe867", "question_text": "In the Library with the Lead Pipe, an academic journal on topics about libraries, is abstracted and indexed by this third largest private company in Birmingham, Alabama? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["EBSCO Information Services"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Journal of the International Phonetic Association", "paragraph_text": "The Journal of the International Phonetic Association is a peer-reviewed academic journal that appears three times a year. It is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International Phonetic Association. It was established as \"Le Ma\u00eetre Phon\u00e9tique\" in 1886 and obtained its current name in 1971. It covers topics in phonetics and applied phonetics such as speech therapy and voice recognition. The editor-in-chief is Adrian P. Simpson (Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t). The journal is abstracted and indexed in the MLA Bibliography.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Journal of Private Enterprise", "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Private Enterprise is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published by the Association of Private Enterprise Education. It was established in 1985 and appears twice a year. Edward Stringham (Fayetteville State University) has been the editor-in-chief since 2006. The journal is abstracted and indexed in ABI/Inform-Proquest, EBSCO databases, EconLit, the \"Journal of Economic Literature\", Handelsblatt Ranking VWL, and Scopus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science", "paragraph_text": "Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal on ocean sciences, with a focus on coastal regions ranging from estuaries up to the edge of the continental shelf. It's published by Elsevier on behalf of the Estuarine Coastal Sciences Association and edited by T.S. Bianchi, M. Elliott, I. Valiela, and E. Wolanski. The journal began in 1973 as \"Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science\" before the name was changed in 1981. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index, Scopus, PASCAL, Biosis, INSPEC, Geobase, and Academic Search Premier. According to the \"Journal Citation Reports\", the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 2.057.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "In the Library with the Lead Pipe", "paragraph_text": "In the Library with the Lead Pipe is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on topics about libraries. The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCO databases.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Teaching Mathematics and Its Applications", "paragraph_text": "Teaching Mathematics and Its Applications is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of mathematics education. The journal was established in 1982 and is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. The editors-in-chief are Duncan Lawson (Newman University, Birmingham), Chris Sangwin (Loughborough University, and Anne Watson University of Oxford. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the British Education Index, Education Research Abstracts, Educational Management Abstracts, Educational Technology Abstracts, MathEduc Database, and ProQuest databases.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Aquaculture Research", "paragraph_text": "Aquaculture Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal on fisheries science and aquaculture published by John Wiley & Sons since 1970. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index, Scopus, AGRICOLA, Biosis, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Academic Search Premier, and Geobase. According to the \"Journal Citation Reports\", the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 1.376, ranking it 25th out of 52 journals in the category \"Fisheries\". Starting as \"Fisheries Management\" in 1970, the journal changed names in 1985 to \"Aquaculture and Fisheries Management\" and to \"Aquaculture Research\" in 1995.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Korean Journal of Sociology", "paragraph_text": "The Korean Journal of Sociology (Korean: Han'guk Sahoehak, \ud55c\uad6d\uc0ac\ud68c\ud559) is a peer reviewed academic journal on sociology that was established in 1964. It is the official journal of the Korean Sociological Association and covers theoretical developments, results of qualitative or quantitative research that advance our understanding of Korean society, and related subjects. The aim of the journal is to promote academic interaction and communication among sociologists in Korea and abroad. The editor in chief is In Hee Hahm (Ewha Womans University). The journal was published quarterly between 1964 and 2000, but since 2001 is published bimonthly, with issues in Korean published in February, April, August and October (issues 1, 2, 4, 5) and issues in English published biannually in June and December (issues 3 and 6). The journal is abstracted and indexed by CSA Illumina's \"Sociological Abstracts\" as a \"core\" journal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance", "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance is a biannual peer-reviewed open-access academic journal published by the Pepperdine University. It was established in 1991 as \"The Journal of Small Business Finance\". The journal covers topics related to finance, entrepreneurship, new ventures, and small business finance. It is abstracted and indexed in ProQuest databases, EconPapers, and RePEc. The editor-in-chief is Jim Brau (Brigham Young University)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Australian Literary Studies", "paragraph_text": "Australian Literary Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal of literary studies, specialising in historical, critical, and theoretical studies of Australian literature. It was established in 1963 by Laurie Hergenhan (University of Queensland), who edited the journal for its first forty years. It was then edited by Leigh Dale (University of Wollongong) from 2002 to 2015; in 2010 the journal increased its publication frequency to quarterly, with two issues (May and October) focussed on Australian authors and texts, along with two \"general\" issues (June and November). Successful special issues have focussed on queer writers and writing, the environment, medievalism, and biopolitics. Since 2016, the journal has been edited by Julieanne Lamond (Australian National University). In 2016, the journal ceased producing print volumes and digitised its entire archive. It also moved to a rolling publication model involving a mix of open access for new essays and low-cost subscription access to the archive. The journal, described as \"the preeminent journal in Australian literary criticism\", is abstracted and indexed by the MLA International Bibliography and AustLit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "EBSCO Information Services", "paragraph_text": "EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., the third largest private company in Birmingham, Alabama, with annual sales of nearly $2 billion according to the BBJ's 2013 Book of Lists. EBSCO offers library resources to customers in academic, medical, K\u201312, public library, law, corporate, and government markets. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adc985e5542990d50227cb7", "question_text": "Where will the student which pass the exam  for which Le R\u00eave de Rico has to pass progress to? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["secondary school study"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "R\u00eave: the Dream Ouroboros", "paragraph_text": "R\u00eave: the Dream Ouroboros is a French fantasy tabletop role-playing game created by Denis Gerfaud and re-published in English by Malcontent Games. It is the translation of R\u00eave de Dragon (English: \"Dragon Dream\" ), a best-selling game in France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Oral exam", "paragraph_text": "The oral exam (also oral test or viva voce ; Rigorosum in German-speaking nations) is a practice in many schools and disciplines in which an examiner poses questions to the student in spoken form. The student has to answer the question in such a way as to demonstrate sufficient knowledge of the subject to pass the exam. The oral exam also helps reduce (although it does not eliminate) the risk of granting a degree to a candidate who has had the thesis or dissertation ghostwritten by an expert.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Certificate of Primary Education", "paragraph_text": "The Certificate of Primary Education is an academic qualification in Mauritius awarded upon the completion of primary school. The qualification is awarded upon earning passing marks on the primary school exams administered by the Mauritius Examinations Syndicate. Students who successfully earn the qualification may then progress onto secondary school study.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "D'Alembert\u2019s Dream", "paragraph_text": "D'Alembert\u2019s Dream ( or The Dream of D'Alembert, French: Le R\u00eave de d'Alembert ) is an ensemble of three philosophical dialogues authored by Denis Diderot in 1769, which first appeared in Grimm's \"Correspondance Litt\u00e9raire\" in 1782, but was not published in its own right until 1830:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Albert Viau", "paragraph_text": "Albert Viau (6 November 1910 \u2013 27 June 2001) was a Canadian baritone, folksinger, composer, and music educator. After beginning his career as a musician in the classical repertoire, he specialized in folk music and traditional songs. He released about 50 78 rpm records during his career, mostly for La Bonne Chanson. He also recorded a few songs under the pseudonym Jacques Dupont, including \"Partons, la mer est belle\", \"Le Soir sur l'eau\", and \"Le Lac des amours\", and recorded the song \"Le R\u00eave passe\" with the Canadian Grenadier Guards Band for RCA. Many of his recordings include his own compositions. During his lifetime he wrote more than 200 songs, many of them comic patter songs, as well as hymns and two requiem masses.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "L\u00e9on Gastinel", "paragraph_text": "L\u00e9on Gastinel (August 15, 1823 \u2013 October 18, 1906) was a French composer. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire where he studied with Jacques Hal\u00e9vy and was awarded the Grand Prix de Rome in 1846 for his cantata \"Valasquez\". While relatively unknown today, Gastinel wrote two complete masses, two symphonies and four oratorios, and chamber music including at least two string sextets. He was most prolific however in his works for the stage which include the ballet \"Le r\u00eave\" (1890, chor. Joseph Hansen, Paris Opera) and the operas \"Le miroir\" (1853), \"L'op\u00e9ra aux fen\u00eatres\" (1857) and \"Titus et B\u00e9r\u00e9nice\" (1860).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Gabriel's Dream", "paragraph_text": "Gabriel's Dream (French: Le R\u00eave de Gabriel ) is a documentary film directed by Anne L\u00e9vy-Morelle. It tells the story of Gabriel de Halleux, an established businessman who, in late 1940s, decided to leave everything and start a new life in Chile Chico, in the depths of the Chilean Patagonia. In December 1997, \"Gabriel's Dream\" received the Andr\u00e9 Cavens Award for Best Film given by the Belgian Film Critics Association (UCC).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Dream (Rousseau painting)", "paragraph_text": "The Dream (French: \"Le R\u00eave\", occasionally also known as \"Le Songe\" or \"R\u00eave exotique\") is a large oil-on-canvas painting created by Henri Rousseau in 1910, one of more than 25 Rousseau paintings with a jungle theme. His last completed work, it was first exhibited at the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants from 18 March to 1 May 1910, a few months before his death on 2 September 1910. Rousseau's earlier works had received a negative reception, but poet and critic Guillaume Apollinaire remarked on its debut: \"The picture radiates beauty, that is indisputable. I believe nobody will laugh this year.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Le R\u00eave de Rico", "paragraph_text": "Rico, 11, wakes up early to study for an exam. Today he has to pass the CPE, the exam that, in Mauritius, will get him into High school. He gets on the bus, but unfortunately, it breaks down. So he grabs a ride on a truck, but a fire brings traffic to a standstill. A neighbor offers to take him in his car. He\u2019s on his way, but fate has other plans\u2026", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hubert Haddad", "paragraph_text": "Hubert Haddad is a Tunisian poet, playwright, short story writer and novelist. He was born in Tunis in 1947. His debut collection of poems \"Le Charnier d\u00e9ductif\" appeared in 1967, and his first novel \"Un r\u00eave de glace\" was published in 1974. Since then he has published numerous works in a wide range of literary forms.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae1ce895542997f29b3c11e", "question_text": "Are both Yixing and Shaoshan county-level cities in China?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Taishanese people", "paragraph_text": "Sze Yap Cantonese (Chinese: \u56db\u9091\u5ee3\u6771\u4eba; Sze Yap: Hlei Yip Gong Ong Ngin; Cantonese: Sei Yap Gwong Dong Yan; Mandarin: S\u00ecy\u00ec gu\u01cengd\u014dng r\u00e9n) are a Han Chinese group coming from a region in Guangdong Province in China called Sze Yap (\u56db\u9091), which consisted of the four county-level cities of Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, and Enping. Now Heshan has been added to this historic region, and the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen administers all five of these county-level cities, which is sometimes informally called Ng Yap. Their ancestors are said to have arrived from what is today central China about less than a thousand years ago and migrated into Guangdong around the Tang Dynasty rule period, and thus Taishanese as a dialect of Yue Chinese has linguistically preserved many characteristics of Middle Chinese.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Guzhang County", "paragraph_text": "Guzhang County () is a county of Hunan Province, China. The county is the 2nd least populous administrative unit of the counties or county-level cities (after Shaoshan City) in the province, it is under the administration of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of cities in China", "paragraph_text": "According to the administrative divisions of China including Hong Kong and Macau, there are three level of cities, namely provincial-level (consists of municipalities and SARs), prefectural-level cities, and county-level cities. As of September 2017 the PRC has a total of 662 cities: 4 municipalities, 2 SARs, 293 prefectural-level cities (including the 15 sub-provincial cities) and 363 county-level cities (including the 9 sub-prefectural cities and 9 XXPC cities) not including any cities in the claimed province of Taiwan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Yixing", "paragraph_text": "Yixing () is a county-level city with a population of 1.24 million administrated under the prefecture-level city of Wuxi in southern Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China, and is part of the Yangtze River Delta. The city is known for its traditional Yixing clay ware.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Shuangpai County", "paragraph_text": "Shuangpai County () is a county in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Yongzhou Prefecture-level City. Shuangpai is also the 3rd smallest administrative unit (after Shaoshan and Guzhang) by population in the counties and county-level cities of the province.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Yixing ware", "paragraph_text": "Yixing clay () is a type of clay from the region near the city of Yixing in Jiangsu Province, China, used in Chinese pottery since the Song dynasty (960\u20131279) when Yixing clay was first mined around China's Lake Tai. From the 17th century on, Yixing wares were commonly exported to Europe. The finished stoneware, which is used for teaware and other small items, is usually red or brown in color. Also known as zisha () ware, they are typically left unglazed and use clays that are very cohesive and can form coils, slabs and most commonly slip casts. These clays can also be formed by throwing. The best known wares made from Yixing clay are Yixing clay teapots, tea pets, and other teaware.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Yixing Pumped Storage Power Station", "paragraph_text": "The Yixing Pumped Storage Power Station is a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station located Yixing city of Jiangsu Province, China. Construction on the power station began in 2003 and the first unit was commissioned in 2007, the last in 2008. The entire project cost US$490\u00a0million, of which US$145\u00a0million was provided by the World Bank. The power station operates by shifting water between an upper and lower reservoir to generate electricity. The lower reservoir was formed with the existing Huiwu Dam at the foot of Mount Tongguan. The Yixing Upper Reservoir is located atop Mount Tongguan which peaks at 530 m above sea level. During periods of low energy demand, such as at night, water is pumped from Huiwu Lower Reservoir up to the upper reservoir. When energy demand is high, the water is released back down to the lower reservoir but the pump turbines that pumped the water up now reverse mode and serve as generators to produce electricity. Water from the nearby Huangtong River can also be pumped into the lower reservoir to augment storage. The process is repeated as necessary and the plant serves as a peaking power plant. The power station is operated by East China Yixing Pumped Storage Co Ltd.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Shaoshan", "paragraph_text": "Shaoshan () is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of Xiangtan prefecture-level City. Qingxi Town is its seat.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Tea pet", "paragraph_text": "A tea pet, also known as a tea lover's pet, is a small clay figure which is kept by some tea drinkers for good luck. The history of tea pets can be traced back to the Yuan dynasty (1206\u20131368). They are usually made of \"zisha\" or Yixing clay, from the region near Yixing in Jiangsu province, China. Just like Yixing teapots made of the same clay, tea pets are unglazed, so that they are mostly monochromatic with a rough surface. Tea lovers in China raise a tea pet by placing it on the tea tray during tea time and pouring out the tea over it. The most popular figure of the tea pet is the \"pee-pee boy\", which is used to judge whether the water is hot enough to make tea. Tea pets are also molded into zodiac animals or Chinese mythical creatures such as dragons, Pixiu, Qilin, etc., to symbolize good luck, fortune and happiness, as well as historical or mythical characters such as Guanyin, Maitreya and Zhu Geliang.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mao Zedong's Former Residence", "paragraph_text": "Former Residence of Mao Zedong or Mao Zedong's Former Residence () was built in the late Qing Dynasty. It is located in Shaoshan Village of Shaoshan township in Shaoshan, Xiangtan, Hunan, China. The building was the birthplace and childhood home of Mao Zedong, the first leader of the People's Republic of China. It has a building area of about 472.92 m2 , embodies buildings such as the old houses, the Mao Zedong Memorial Hall, the Bronze Statue of Mao Zedong, the Cultural relics Exhibition Hall, and the Dishui Hole (Dripping Water Cave; \u6ef4\u6c34\u6d1e ).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab6f0c25542995eadef00ea", "question_text": "Are Buried Country and South of the Border both films turned into stage performances?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Manorama (Tamil actress)", "paragraph_text": "Gopishantha (26 May 1937 \u2013 10 October 2015), better known by her stage name Manorama, also called as Aachi, was an Indian actress and comedian who had appeared in more than 1,500 films, 5,000 stage performances, and several television series until 2015. She entered the \"Guinness World Records\" for acting in more than 1000 number of films in 1985. By 2015, she had acted in more than 1,500 films. She was a recipient of the Kalaimamani award, Padma Shri (2002), National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in film \"Pudhiya Padhai\" (1989), and Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award \u2013 South (1995).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Woody Guthrie Folk Festival", "paragraph_text": "The Woody Guthrie Folk Festival is held annually in mid-July to commemorate the life and music of Woody Guthrie. The festival is held on the weekend closest to July 14 - the date of Guthrie's birth - in Guthrie's hometown of Okemah, Oklahoma. Daytime main stage performances are held indoors at the Brick Street Cafe and the Crystal Theater. Evening main stage performances are held outdoors at the Pastures of Plenty. The festival is planned and implemented annually by the Woody Guthrie Coalition, a non-profit corporation, whose goal is simply to ensure Guthrie's musical legacy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "South of the Border (2009 film)", "paragraph_text": "South of the Border is a 2009 American documentary film directed by Oliver Stone. The documentary premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival. Writer for the project Tariq Ali calls the documentary \"a political road movie\". Stone stated that he hopes the film will help people better understand a leader who is wrongly ridiculed \"as a strongman, as a buffoon, as a clown.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Milan Murray", "paragraph_text": "Margaretha Murray (stage name Milan Murray) (30 October 1974) is a South African actress. She is most well known to the South African public for roles in various soap operas, but she has also played and starred in feature films, and regularly does stage performances. In addition she co-anchors \"Ontbytsake\", a weekly Breakfast show on kykNET, an Afrikaans channel on DStv. She lives in Johannesburg with her husband, Schalk van der Merwe, her son Steph and daughter Lua. She was raised in the Cape Province, South Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sine Novela", "paragraph_text": "Sine Novela is a Philippine daytime soap opera aired on GMA Network which showcases old classic movies from Viva Films turned into a mini-series. The show was stars and lead into an ensemble cast.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Leah Flanagan", "paragraph_text": "Leah Flanagan is a singer-songwriter from Sydney, NSW. Leah has appeared on Australian TV shows Spicks & Specks and RockQuiz, has released 2 albums and toured extensively through Australia with her music and part of festival ensembles. Leah\u2019s status as an Indigenous musician is one of pride and respect; she has helped make history with such recent essential albums as Archie Roach\u2019s 25th anniversary reissue of Charcoal Lane and Buried Country 1.5, The Story of Aboriginal Country Music. Her latest album Saudades was recorded at the studio of Midnight Oil's Jim Moginie and mixed by Paul McKercher (You Am I, Augie March)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Buried Country", "paragraph_text": "Buried Country is a highly regarded documentary film, book and soundtrack album and now also a stageshow as well. It is a prosopography, created by noted writer Clinton Walker, that tells the story of Australian country music in the Aboriginal community by focussing on the genre's most important stars.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Araby Lockhart", "paragraph_text": "Araby Lockhart (born December 4, 1926) is a Canadian stage and television actress, best known for her performances in the films \"Capote\" and \"Police Academy\" and her stage performances as a member of Hart House Theatre and the Straw Hat Players. Lockhart has also served as President of the Actors' Fund of Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "E. J. Carroll", "paragraph_text": "Edward John Carroll (1874-1931), better known as E.J. Carroll, was an Australian theatre and film entrepreneur. He produced several films of Snowy Baker and Raymond Longford and helped establish Birch, Carroll and Coyle. Difficulties in securing international distribution for his films turned him away from production towards exhibition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Clinton Walker", "paragraph_text": "Clinton Walker (born 1957) is an Australian writer, best known for his works on popular music but with a broader interest in social and cultural history and theory. Sydney's \"Sun-Herald\" has called him \"our best chronicler of Australian grass-roots culture.\" He has always been ahead of the curve. As \"Rhythms\" magazine said in 2015, \"Like many of Walker\u2019s projects, \"Buried Country\" was at least a decade ahead of its time,\" and as such he is remarkable as a critic who has exerted a pro-active impact on Australian music and its development; groundbreaking books like \"Inner City Sound\" (1981) and \"Buried Country\" (2000) especially have informed and inspired successive generations of musicians. Similarly, while he found best-selling success as Bon Scott's biographer, Walker's non-music books like \"Football Life\" (1998) and \"Golden Miles\" (2005) have innovatively offered an appreciation of subjects hitherto hardly deemed worthy of serious consideration.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a73b8d655429908901be31f", "question_text": "Which university is further North,  University of New Hampshire or Stony Brook University?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Stony Brook University"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Stony Brook University School of Medicine", "paragraph_text": "The Stony Brook University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stony Brook University. The school is located in the Stony Brook University Hospital located at Stony Brook, NY.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Stony Brook University", "paragraph_text": "The State University of New York at Stony Brook (also known as Stony Brook University or SUNY Stony Brook) is a public sea-grant and space-grant research university located in Stony Brook, New York in the United States. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Stony Brook University Track", "paragraph_text": "The Stony Brook University Track is the track/field at Stony Brook University serving as the home of the Stony Brook Seawolves men's and women's Track & Field Division I program. The Track and Field is located in the west campus and limited to the east by the Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium, to the west by Circle Road, to the south by Stony Brook Sports Complex and the recreational basketball and handball courts, and limited to the north by the intramural baseball and soccer fields.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Joe Nathan Field", "paragraph_text": "Joe Nathan Field is a baseball field on the campus of Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York, United States. It is also referred to as the Stony Brook Baseball Field. The field is home to the team of the NCAA Division I America East Conference. It is located at the northern end of the school's athletics complex. The facility was known as Seawolves Field through the 2002 season, when its name was changed to University Field. In 2011, the stadium was rededicated for then-Minnesota Twins pitcher and Stony Brook alumnus Joe Nathan after Nathan's $500,000 gift made extensive renovations possible. As part of the renovations, a FieldTurf surface was installed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Pritchard Gymnasium", "paragraph_text": "Pritchard Gymnasium is a 2,000-seat multi-purpose gymnasium located within the Stony Brook Sports Complex in Stony Brook, New York. The gym opened in 1969 and was the home of the Stony Brook University Patriots/Seawolves basketball and volleyball teams, as well as the venue for a multitude of concerts, including big names such as Janice Joplin with Big Brother and the Holding Company. The Island Federal Credit Union Arena completed its renovation project in 2014. It also served as the only home of the Seawolves prior to the IFCU Arena's opening in 1990. Pritcard gymnasium was renovated in the summer of 2008 and reopened in time for the 2009 Stony Brook Women's Volleyball season. The new gym features a refinished hardwood floor with a painting of Wolfie, a new large scoreboard, and retractable bleachers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Stony Brook University Hospital", "paragraph_text": "Stony Brook University Hospital, previously known as Stony Brook University Medical Center, is the university hospital of Stony Brook University located in the East Campus in Stony Brook, New York. It is the largest academic medical center on Long Island with 603 beds for patient care. The hospital houses the Stony Brook University School of Medicine. Long Island's only tertiary care and Level 1 Trauma Center, the hospital is ranked as the 20th best in New York and 21st in the New York metropolitan area by U.S. News and World Report", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Stony Brook Seawolves football under Chuck Priore", "paragraph_text": "Chuck Priore is the current head coach of the Stony Brook Seawolves football team, which represents Stony Brook University in the NCAA, and participates in the Colonial Athletic Association. Priore was hired prior to the 2006 season and he led the transition of Stony Brook into a full-scholarship FCS program from the 2006 season in which the team awarded an equivalent 27 scholarships. In 2007, the team played as an independent while adding scholarships and a tougher schedule. In 2008, Stony Brook joined the Big South Conference as a full-scholarship program. Priore led the Seawolves to three consecutive Big South championships (in 2009, 2010, 2011) and so far has compiled a 37-31 record. Under the leadership of Priore the Seawolves played their first ever FBS opponent, South Florida, in the 2010 season. In 2011, Stony Brook won their first outright Big South Championship and participated for the first time in the FCS playoffs, advancing to the Second Round.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "University of New Hampshire", "paragraph_text": "The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public research university in the University System of New Hampshire, in the United States. The university's Durham campus, comprising six colleges, is located in the Seacoast region of the state. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester, the state's largest city. The University of New Hampshire School of Law, known as the Franklin Pierce Law Center until 2010, is located in Concord, the state's capital.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Stony Brook Sports Complex", "paragraph_text": "Stony Brook Sports Complex is a multi-purpose complex located in Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY. The Complex houses the Stony Brook Arena on the west end, the Pritchard Gymnasium, a 25 yard long swimming Pool, an athletic performance center and many other athletic facilities within. Currently, the Stony Brook Seawolves basketball and volleyball programs home games are played in the Complex, specifically in the Pritchard Gymnasium. The Stony Brook Arena on the west end is currently undergoing $20 million renovation. During this renovation period, the Pritchard Gymnasium will be used to host the basketball and volleyball games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Stony Brook University student housing", "paragraph_text": "The State University of New York at Stony Brook is the largest residential campus in the SUNY system, with approximately 54.5% of its students living on campus. Housing at Stony Brook is issued and controlled by Stony Brook University Campus Residences, which provides 9,445 spaces in its 11 corridor style buildings, 17 suite style buildings, and 23 apartment style buildings to Undergraduate students, Graduate students, and student's families. The large majority of on-campus housing is provided to students on the university's west campus, but housing is available to those on east campus, and for Stony Brook Southampton students.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abd04bd5542992ac4f381a9", "question_text": "When did an IndyCar race driver drive a Formula 1 car designed by Peter McCool?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["2007 Formula One season"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "TOCA Race Driver", "paragraph_text": "TOCA Race Driver (DTM Race Driver in Germany, Pro Race Driver in North America and V8 Supercar: Race Driver in Australia) is a racing video game developed and published by Codemasters for PlayStation 2, Microsoft Windows and Xbox. It is the fourth game in the \"TOCA\" series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ferrari 126C", "paragraph_text": "The Ferrari 126C was the car with which Ferrari raced in the 1981 Formula One season. The team's first attempt at a turbo engined Formula 1 car, it was designed by Mauro Forghieri and Harvey Postlethwaite and used between the 1981 and 1984 seasons.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars", "paragraph_text": "The 1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars was a sports car race held at Riverside International Raceway on October 12, 1958. It was the fourth and final round of the 1958 USAC Road Racing Championship season, the seventeenth round of the Sports Car Club of America's Pacific Coast Championship, the second running of the Riverside Grand Prix, and the first post-World War II running of the United States Grand Prix. The race was held over 62 laps of Riverside's 3.3 mi circuit, for a total of 203.1 mi . Chuck Daigh won the race overall, driving one of Lance Reventlow's Scarab-Chevrolets. The race is also noteworthy in the annals of international racing, as the strong second-place finish by a local driver named Dan Gurney earned him a test drive in a factory Ferrari Formula 1 car, effectively launching the Californian's legendary racing career.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "New Hampshire Indy 225", "paragraph_text": "The New Hampshire Indy 225 was an IndyCar race at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon, New Hampshire. It was held as a CART Champ Car event from 1992 until 1995, switching to the Indy Racing League for the 1996\u201397 season. On June 21, 2010, it was announced that the IndyCar Series would return to New Hampshire for the 2011 season. When the IndyCar Series returned to New Hampshire Motor Speedway the race was scheduled to be 225 laps. A Firestone Indy Lights and NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour race accompanied the feature. The race did not return for the 2012 IndyCar Series season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Robert Kubica", "paragraph_text": "Robert J\u00f3zef Kubica (; born 7 December 1984) is a Polish current rally and former Formula 1 racing driver. He became the first Polish driver to compete in Formula One. Between 2006 and 2009 he drove for the BMW Sauber F1 team, promoted from test driver to race driver during 2006. In June 2008, Kubica took his maiden Formula One victory in the Canadian Grand Prix, becoming the first Polish driver to win a Formula One race.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "TOCA Race Driver 3", "paragraph_text": "TOCA Race Driver 3 (DTM Race Driver 3 in Germany, V8 Supercars 3 in Australia, TOCA Race Driver 3 Challenge in the PlayStation Portable version and Race Driver: Create & Race in the Nintendo DS version) is a Racing video game developed and published by Codemasters for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS and OS X. It is the sixth game in the \"TOCA\" series. The game features several fully licensed championships, including the DTM series and V8 Supercar championship. This is the last in the series to have TOCA in its title as following on from this TOCA was dropped in favour of just Race Driver.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ricardo Teixeira (racing driver)", "paragraph_text": "Ricardo Teixeira (born 2 August 1984 in Lisbon, Portugal) is a Portuguese-Angolan racing driver. He holds dual nationality and has raced under both nationalities at various points in his career. He was the first Angolan driver to drive a Formula 1 car when he was announced as a test driver for Team Lotus for 2011. He has been sponsored throughout his career by the Angolan oil company Sonangol.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2012 MAVTV 500 IndyCar World Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 MAVTV 500 IndyCar World Championships was the 15th and final race of the 2012 IndyCar Series season. The event took place on September 15, at the 2.000 mi Auto Club Speedway in Fontana, California. It was the first IndyCar race at this facility since 2005, the first 500-mile open-wheel race outside Indianapolis since the CART-sanctioned 2002 The 500 at Fontana, and the first 500-mile IndyCar Series race outside Indianapolis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Super Aguri SA07", "paragraph_text": "The Super Aguri F1 SA07 was Super Aguri F1's Formula One car for the 2007 Formula One season. It was designed by Peter McCool and was driven by Takuma Sato and Anthony Davidson.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Takuma Sato", "paragraph_text": "Takuma Sato (\u4f50\u85e4 \u7422\u78e8 , Sat\u014d Takuma , born 28 January 1977) is a Japanese professional racing driver. He competed in Formula One from 2002 to 2008 for the Jordan, BAR and Super Aguri teams, scoring a single podium at the 2004 United States Grand Prix. Sato has raced full-time in the IndyCar Series since 2010 for the KV, Rahal, Foyt, and currently Andretti teams. Sato won the 2013 Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach, becoming the first Japanese driver to win an IndyCar race. He is also the first Asian driver to win the Indianapolis 500, having won the 2017 edition.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae26c435542994d89d5b420", "question_text": "Cagliostro-Walzer op.370 was composed by a man born in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1825"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jiroemon Kimura", "paragraph_text": "Jiroemon Kimura (\u6728\u6751 \u6b21\u90ce\u53f3\u885b\u9580 , Kimura Jir\u014demon , April 19, 1897 \u2013 June 12, 2013) was a Japanese supercentenarian. He became the oldest verified male in history on December 28, 2012, at the age of 115 years and 253 days when he surpassed the age of Christian Mortensen who died in 1998, and also became the first and so far the only man who indisputably reached 116 years of age, being 116 years, 54 days old at the time of his death from natural causes on June 12, 2013, in a hospital in his hometown of Ky\u014dtango, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. He was the last known living man born in the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "GetBackers", "paragraph_text": "GetBackers (Japanese: \u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u30d0\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30ba -\u596a\u9084\u5c4b- , Hepburn: Gettobakk\u0101zu Dakkan'ya , lit. \"GetBackers: Recovery Service\") is a Japanese manga series written by Yuya Aoki and illustrated by Rando Ayamine. The series was serialized and is published by Kodansha's \"Weekly Sh\u014dnen Magazine\" from 1999 until 2007, totaling 39 volumes. The plot follows the \"GetBackers\", a group that retrieves anything that was lost. The team is primarily composed of Ban Mido, a man born with the illusionary technique \"Evil Eye\", and Ginji Amano the former leader of a gang called \"The VOLTS\", a powerful group in the dangerous territory called the Infinity Fortress in Shinjuku.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Cagliostro-Walzer", "paragraph_text": "Cagliostro-Walzer op.370 is a waltz by Johann Strauss II composed in 1875 based on themes from his operetta, Cagliostro in Wien which premiered on 27 February 1875 at the famous Theater an der Wien.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Johann Strauss II", "paragraph_text": "Johann Strauss II (October 25, 1825 \u2013 June 3, 1899), also known as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger, the Son (German: \"Sohn\" ), Johann Baptist Strauss, was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas. He composed over 500 waltzes, polkas, quadrilles, and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas and a ballet. In his lifetime, he was known as \"The Waltz King\", and was largely then responsible for the popularity of the waltz in Vienna during the 19th century.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Claude Choules", "paragraph_text": "Claude Stanley Choules ( ; 3 March 1901 \u2013 5 May 2011) was an English-born military serviceman from Perth, Australia who at the time of this death was the oldest combat veteran of the First World War from England, having served with the Royal Navy from 1915 until 1926, after having emigrated to Australia he served with the Australian Royal Navy, from 1926 until 1956, as a Chief Petty Officer and was a naturalised Australian citizen. He was the last surviving military witness to the scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow in 1919. He was also the last surviving veteran to have served in both world wars, at the time of his death, he was also the third-oldest verified military veteran in the world and the oldest known living man in Australia. He was the seventh-oldest living man in the world. Choules became the oldest man born in the United Kingdom following the death of Stanley Lucas on 21 June 2010. Choules died in at the age of 110 years and 63 days. He had been the oldest British-born man; following his death, that honour went to Reverend Reginald Dean. In December 2011, the landing ship HMAS\u00a0\"Choules\" was named after him, only the second Royal Australian Navy vessel named after a sailor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Adegoke Adelabu", "paragraph_text": "Gbadamosi Adegoke Adelabu (3 September 1915 \u2013 25 March 1958) was a prominent personality in the politics of Ibadan city and subsequently that of the Western Region of Nigeria right before the country's independence in 1960. He was Nigeria's Minister of Natural Resources and Social Services from January 1955 to January 1956 and was later the opposition leader in the Western Regional Assembly until his death in 1958. He was a self-made man born into a humble family but became an influential figure in Nigerian politics. He attended Government College, Ibadan and eventually became a business man. His successful political career was cut short when he was killed in a car crash, not long before Nigeria gained independence from Britain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "James Sisnett", "paragraph_text": "James Emmanuel \"Doc\" Sisnett (22 February 1900 \u2013 23 May 2013) was a Barbadian supercentenarian. Born and raised in Saint George, he spent his life as a blacksmith, sugar factory worker, and farmer, not retiring from the latter until he turned 100. In excellent health throughout his life, he died at the age of 113 years, 90 days and held a number of distinctions. Among them, he was the verified oldest man in the Western Hemisphere, the second-oldest man in the world, and the last surviving black man born in the 19th century. He was also the only verified supercentenarian from Barbados and, along with Jiroemon Kimura (who died 20 days after Sisnett), one of the last men born in the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of GetBackers episodes", "paragraph_text": "The episodes for the anime series \"GetBackers\" were produced by Studio Deen and based on the manga series of the same name written by Yuya Aoki and illustrated by Rando Ayamine. The series premiered on Tokyo Broadcasting System in Japan on October 5, 2002 and ran for forty-nine episodes until September 20, 2003 under direction of Kazuhiro Furuhashi and Keitaro Motonaga. The plot follows the \"GetBackers\", a group that retrieves anything that was lost. The team is primary composed by Ban Mido, a man born with the illusionary technique \"Evil Eye\", and Ginji Amano the former leader of a gang called \"The VOLTS\", a powerful group in the dangerous territory called the Limitless Fortress in Shinjuku.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The World According to Garp", "paragraph_text": "The World According to Garp is John Irving's fourth novel, about a man born out of wedlock to a feminist leader who grows up to be a writer. Published in 1978, the book was a bestseller for several years. It was a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction in 1979, and its first paperback edition won the Award the following year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "List of compositions by Sergei Rachmaninoff", "paragraph_text": "The compositions of Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873\u20131943) cover a variety of musical forms and genres. Born in Russia, he studied at the Moscow Conservatory with Nikolai Zverev and Anton Arensky, and while there, composed some of his most famous works, including the first piano concerto (Op. 1) and the Prelude in C-sharp minor (Op. 3, No. 2). Although spread over three different opuses, he did go on to complete an important set of 24 preludes in all the major and minor keys. His Symphony No. 1 (Op. 13) was one of his first compositions as a \"Free Artist\" after graduation, and subsequently his first critical failure. The derision he received sent him into depression. After being sent through autosuggestive therapy, he composed his second piano concerto (Op. 18), which is still part of the major orchestra repertoire today. In 1909, he made his first tour of the United States, and composed Piano Concerto No. 3 (Op. 30), notable for its difficult cadenza. After this, due to migration from Russia in 1917 and his busy concert career, his output as a composer decreased, and during this period, he completed only six compositions. His last work, \"Symphonic Dances\" (Op. 45), was completed in 1940.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a716ec85542994082a3e82d", "question_text": "Which movie was filmed first \"The Guest\" or \"You're Next\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["You're Next"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Live from Abbey Road", "paragraph_text": "Live from Abbey Road is a 12-part, one-hour performance series/documentary that began filming its first season during 2006 at Abbey Road Studios in London. Season 2 was filmed between 2007 and 2008, season 3 was filmed in 2009 and Season 4 was filmed in 2011. The series features a total of 128 musical artists to date (about 32 per Season) -- usually two or three per show, performing up to five songs per session. The sessions are recorded without a live audience. Filmed in High-Definition with the occasional use of 35 mm lenses, the producers have sought to record performances which \"look like a movie and sound like a record\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rose Marie (1954 film)", "paragraph_text": "Rose Marie is a 1954 musical adaptation of the 1924 operetta of the same name, the third to be filmed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, following a 1928 silent movie and the best-known of the three, the 1936 Jeanette MacDonald/Nelson Eddy version. It is directed by Mervyn LeRoy and stars Ann Blyth, Howard Keel and Fernando Lamas. This version is filmed in the Canadian Rockies in CinemaScope. It was MGM's first US produced film in the new widescreen medium (having been preceded by the British made Knights of the Round Table) and the first movie musical of any studio to be released in this format.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Pin Up Girls", "paragraph_text": "The Pin Up Girls are a girl group and dance troupe, founded by New York City native Vixen Romeo in 2005, which began as a burlesque-style performance group based in Los Angeles. Performing at Hollywood's most notorious venues such as The Viper Room Key Club and Roxy the girls quickly gained local attention with their girl-on-girl themed, tribal fusion belly dance, burlesque and hip hop routines. Between 2006-2008 The Pin Up Girls started to become poster girls for the lesbian scene with performances for Curve (magazine), a guest appearance on LOGO network's reality series \"Curl Girls\", a web series segment on AfterEllen, a performance for the LGBT community hosted by Jane Lynch, and performances in Margaret Cho's Sensuous Woman Show. In 2008 The Pin Up Girls first recorded single \"There She Goes...She's Real Fly\" was picked up to be played on Showtime's hit lesbian series \"The L Word\". In 2009 The Pin Up Girls music video, \"There She Goes...She's Real Fly\" premiered on Logo (TV channel) (an MTV network), on New Now Next Pop Lab. The Pin Up Girls' \"Girl Candy,\" filmed in N.Y. and L.A., was released in 2011. The Pin Up Girls' \"Pretty Things\", featuring actress Elaine Hendrix, was filmed in L.A. by Director Joe LaRue in 2012 and was released in June 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Asturian cinema", "paragraph_text": "The Asturian Cinema (or \"Asturian National Cinema\") in Asturias, Spain, began in 1905 with the production of the first Asturian fiction film known as \"El robo de fruta\" (The fruit robbery). It was filmed by the Asturian film maker Javier S\u00e1nchez Manteola. This movie was filmed in Gij\u00f3n (Asturias) and premiered in that city in the same year. It was shown in the old movie theater known as Sal\u00f3n Luminoso once located at Bego\u00f1a Walk. In commemoration of this even the Asturian Film Festival was established in the year 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Live from Daryl's House", "paragraph_text": "Live from Daryl's House (simply known as Daryl's House, and often abbreviated as LFDH) is an online series that was first created in fall 2007. The show features singer-songwriter Daryl Hall performing with his band and various guest artists at his home in Millerton, New York. The show provides a performance space that is an alternative to live concerts and studio sessions for popular artists. This allows the artists to \"\u2026have fun and [be] creatively spontaneous\". The majority of shows include a segment in which Hall and the guest artist prepare food from different cuisines for everyone to eat. The food comes from various local restaurants and the chefs of those establishments walk Hall and guest through the preparation of the food. \"Live From Daryl's House\" expanded to broadcast TV but remained unchanged. Hall was quoted by Billboard.com as saying \"it's an Internet show that is being shown on television, so I'm not adapting the show at all in any way to be a 'TV' show.\" The show debuted in 95 markets on September 24, 2011, with back-to-back half-hour episodes featuring Train (Episode 33) and Fitz & the Tantrums (Episode 35). Starting with the 66th episode of \"Live From Daryl's House\", the shows are filmed at Hall's club, Daryl's House, in Pawling, New York.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Guest (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Guest is a 2014 American action horror-thriller film directed and edited by Adam Wingard and written by Simon Barrett, both of whom previously collaborated on a previous film, \"You're Next\" (2011). Starring Dan Stevens, Maika Monroe, Leland Orser, Sheila Kelley, Brendan Meyer, and Lance Reddick, the plot follows a soldier named \"David\" unexpectedly visiting the Peterson family, introducing himself as a friend of their son who had died during the Afghanistan war. After the man is welcomed into their home for a couple of days, a series of deaths begin to occur around his presence, and their daughter Anna begins to have suspicions of David being connected to the deaths.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "You're Next", "paragraph_text": "You're Next is a 2011 American slasher film directed by Adam Wingard, written by Simon Barrett and starring Sharni Vinson, Nicholas Tucci, Wendy Glenn, A. J. Bowen and Joe Swanberg. The plot concerns a family under attack by a group of masked assailants during their wedding anniversary getaway.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The White Hell of Pitz Palu", "paragraph_text": "The White Hell of Pitz Palu (German: \"Die weisse H\u00f6lle vom Piz Pal\u00fc\" ) is a 1929 German silent mountain film co-directed by Arnold Fanck and Georg Wilhelm Pabst and starring Leni Riefenstahl, Gustav Diessl, Ernst Petersen, and World War I flying ace Ernst Udet. Written by Arnold Fanck and Ladislaus Vajda, the film is about a man who loses his wife in an avalanche while climbing the Piz Pal\u00fc mountain, and spends the next few years searching the mountain alone for her body. Four years later he meets a young couple who agree to accompany him on his next climb. \"The White Hell of Pitz Palu\" was filmed on location in the Bernina Range in Graub\u00fcnden, Switzerland. The 1929 theatrical release starred Kurt Gerron, who was Jewish, as a night club guest. The film was edited to remove scenes featuring Gerron, and it was rereleased as a 90-minute German-language sound film in 1935. It was remade in 1950.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "K. Ravindran Nair", "paragraph_text": "K. Ravindran Nair was born in a rich family, dealing with cashew production and exports. His passion for literature and arts brought him into Malayalam cinema and in 1967, he established \"General Pictures\" under the banner of which he produced his first movie, Anweshichu Kandethiyilla, directed by P. Bhaskaran. This was followed by two more films the next year, Kattukurangu and Lakshaprabhu, both directed by Bhaskaran. Ravi, as he is generally known, was silent for the next few years till he came out with his next film, Achani, an A. Vincent movie, in 1973, which earned him the moniker, \"Achani Ravi\". The film was reported to be a commercial success like his earlier films and Ravi is known to have contributed the returns from the movie for building a Public Library in Kollam, of which he is a founder member and honorary secretary.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Stephen Nicholas (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Nicholas (born 23 August 1978) also known as Stephen Charles Nicholas is an actor and presenter from Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. Stephen currently lives in Sheffield, his first role was on Sky One's Dream Team, where he played Scott Ward. From there, he filmed the first in the trilogy Goal! (In which he played a Newcastle United Reserves player). Following this, he moved to Los Angeles, where he played Smith in the feature film Futbaal: The Price of Dreams. Stephen then returned to the UK to make a Bollywood film called Dhana Dhana Goal with John Abraham. Stephen then experienced his first opportunity in reality TV with the show Premier League All Stars for Sky One, as well as playing a footballer, he was on-hand to present celebrity gossip and pitch side reports. He then appeared in Celebrity Most Haunted and Date the Enemy. From there he then went on to star in Goal 3 where he not only acted in the film he also became the football choreographer and choreographed all the football scenes in the film. Nicholas then starred in the film Damned United where he played Welsh international Alan Durban, the film was filmed in Chesterfield and Leeds and was directed by Oscar winner Tom Hooper and also starred Oscar nominated Michael Sheen. Stephens next production was the feature film called 'No Way Back Now'about the notorious Manchester district of Moss Side, where Stephen played the lead actor Stuart Gavin,The feature is roughly based on the notorious Gooch gang that terrorised Manchester throughout the years. The next move for Stephen was pantomime where he was part of the production Aladdin over the Christmas period of 2015 in Doncaster playing Abanaza the main villain which he did until January 7, 2016! . He has recently been cast in the up-and-coming Feature Film 'Whiteblade' where he will play Thurstan the head Warlord Whiteblade is currently in production and Stephen is shooting his scenes in August 2016. In September 2016 Stephen will be presenting the Sky TV show 'Britz go Bollywood' the show consists of a group of Celebrities being dressed by The best Indian designers, Stephen is the main presenter of the show which will be screened live September 2, 2016.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a87c19a5542994846c1cde6", "question_text": "Which shore does the castle, which Sir James Montgomery, 4th Baronet is the tenth laird of, stand?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Firth of Clyde"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sir Andrew Agnew, 5th Baronet", "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant-General Sir Andrew Agnew, 5th Baronet JP (21 December 1687 \u2013 14 August 1771) was the son of Sir James Agnew, 4th Baronet and Lady Mary Montgomerie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Skelmorlie Castle", "paragraph_text": "Skelmorlie Castle stands on the eastern shore of the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, at the north-western corner of the county of Ayrshire. The structure dates from 1502, and was formerly the seat and stronghold of the Montgomery Clan. The modern village of Skelmorlie lies to the north of the castle.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sir John Buchanan-Riddell, 11th Baronet", "paragraph_text": "Sir John Walter Buchanan-Riddell, 11th Baronet (14 March 1849 \u2013 31 October 1924) was a British barrister and baronet. He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford before being called to the bar (becoming a barrister) by Inner Temple in 1874. He succeeded his uncle (Sir Walter Riddell, 10th Baronet) as 11th Baronet in the line of Riddell Baronets in 1892. In 1897, he served as High Sheriff of Northumberland. He was a member of the Council of Keble College, Oxford from 1899 until his death. He died on 31 October 1924, succeeded by his son, Sir Walter Robert Buchanan-Riddell, 12th Baronet, who was Principal of Hertford College, Oxford.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "James Steuart (economist)", "paragraph_text": "Sir James Steuart, 3rd Baronet of Goodtrees and eventually 7th Baronet of Coltness; late in life Sir James Steuart Denham, also called Sir James Denham Steuart ( ; 21 October 1713, Edinburgh \u2013 26 November 1780, Coltness, Lanarkshire) was a prominent Scottish Jacobite and author of \"probably the first systematic treatise written in English about economics\" and the first book in English with 'political economy' in the title. He assumed the surname of Denham late in life; he inherited his cousin's baronetcy of Coltness in 1773.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Borrowes baronets", "paragraph_text": "The Borrowes Baronetcy of Grangemellon in the County of Kildare, was a title in the Baronetage of Ireland. It was created on 14 February 1646 for Erasmus Borrowes, High Sheriff of Kildare in 1641. Sir Kildare Borrowes, 3rd Baronet was twice High Sheriff of Kildare and a member of the Irish Parliament for Kildare County. His son Sir Walter Borrowes, 4th Baronet represented Harristown and Athy in the Irish Parliament. The latter's son Sir Kildare Borrowes, 5th Baronet represented Kildare County and was High Sheriff of Kildare in 1751. Sir Erasmus Dixon Borrowes, 9th Baronet was High Sheriff of Kildare in 1873 and High Sheriff of Queen's County in 1880. The baronetcy became extinct on the death of the 11th baronet in 1939.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sir James Hall, 4th Baronet", "paragraph_text": "Sir James Hall of Dunglass, 4th Baronet FRS FRSE (17 January 1761 \u2013 23 June 1832) was a Scottish geologist and geophysicist, born at Dunglass, East Lothian, to Sir John Hall, 3rd Baronet (died 1776), by his spouse, Magdalen (died 1763) daughter of Sir Robert Pringle, 3rd Baronet, of Stichill, Roxburghshire. Sir James was also Member of Parliament for St. Michael's borough (Mitchell, Cornwall) 1807\u20131812.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Charlwood Lawton", "paragraph_text": "Charlwood Lawton (1660\u20131721) was an English lawyer and phrase-making pamphleteer, a Whig of Jacobite views. He invented the term \"Whiggish Jacobite\", used to point out the difference between those who shared his opinions (who included Sir James Montgomery, 4th Baronet and Robert Ferguson), and the nonjuror faction. After the Battle of La Hogue of 1692, the exiled James II of England became more receptive to Lawton's range of arguments. Lawton promoted \"civil comprehension\", i.e. the removal of all religious tests for the holding of public office. He was a prolific author of subversive literature, to whom some uncertain attributions are made. He is credited with the concept that the Glorious Revolution was a constitutional charade that fell short of its ideals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Baron Brownlow", "paragraph_text": "Baron Brownlow, of Belton in the County of Lincoln, is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1776 for Sir Brownlow Cust, 4th Baronet. The Cust family descends from Richard Cust who represented Lincolnshire and Stamford in Parliament. In 1677 he was created a baronet, of Stamford in the County of Lincoln. He was succeeded by his grandson, the second Baronet. He married Anne Brownlow, daughter of Sir William Brownlow, 4th Baronet, of Humby and sister and sole heiress of John Brownlow, 1st Viscount Tyrconnel (and 5th Baronet, of Humby).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sir James Montgomery, 4th Baronet", "paragraph_text": "Sir James Montgomery, 4th Baronet (or Montgomerie, died 1694) was the tenth laird of Skelmorlie. He was a Scottish politician known for the Montgomery Plot, a Jacobite scheme to restore King James VII and II to the thrones of Scotland and England.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sir James Horlick, 4th Baronet", "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant-Colonel Sir James Nockells Horlick, 4th Baronet, OBE, MC (1886\u20131972) was the second son of Sir James Horlick, first holder of the Horlick Baronetcy, of Cowley Manor in the County of Gloucester, England, and Margaret Adelaide Burford. James, the 1st Baronet, was co-inventor (with his brother William) of Horlicks Malted Milk drink.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae7cb9b5542994a481bbde2", "question_text": "Who was the great grandfather of Franklin Seaver Pratt's wife?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Kalokuokamaile"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford", "paragraph_text": "On December 26, 2006, Gerald Ford, the 38th President of the United States, died at his home in Rancho Mirage, California at 6:45\u00a0p.m. local time (02:45, December 27, UTC). At 8:49\u00a0p.m. local time, President Ford's wife of 58 years, Betty Ford, issued a statement that confirmed his death: \"My family joins me in sharing the difficult news that Gerald Ford, our beloved husband, father, grandfather and great grandfather has died at 93 years of age. His life was filled with love of God, his family and his country.\" The causes of death listed on the subsequent death certificate were arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular disease and cardiac arrest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Prachethasa", "paragraph_text": "Prachetasa is considered to be one of the most mysterious figures of Hindu mythology. It is an epithet for Varuna the god of water and its principle and as such are related to \u2018shatabhoisag\u2019 asterism. According to the puranas Prachetasa was one of the 10 Prajapatis who were ancient sages and law gives. But there is also a reference to 10 Prachetas who were sons of Prachinabarthis and great grandsons of Prithu. It is said that they lived for 10,000 years in a great ocean, very deeply engaged in meditation upon Vishnu and obtained from Him the boon of becoming the progenitors of mankind. They married a girl named Manisha, a daughter of Kanclu . Daksha was their son. But according to another version it is said that Prajapathi Daksha an ancient sage and contemporary of Lord Shiva, gave his 27 daughters in marriage to Soma ( Chandra). Soma was born from Marichi. But it is also said that Daksha was also the son of a woman called Marichi. Marichi is again referred to as the mother of Daksha. Thus it appears that Prachetasas were Daksha\u2019s fathers as well as Daksha\u2019s great grandsons. This confusion arises in Hindu families essentially because children are often named after their grandfather or great grandfather.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Franklin Seaver Pratt", "paragraph_text": "Franklin Seaver Pratt (November 1, 1829 \u2013 January 11, 1894), also known as Franklyn or Frank S. Pratt, was an American settler, businessman, public servant and diplomat of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He married Elizabeth Keka\u02bbaniau La\u02bbanui, a member of the Hawaiian nobility, and defended her claims to the Hawaiian crown lands during the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ingerman, Count of Hesbaye", "paragraph_text": "Ingerman (Ingram, Enguerrand) (c. 750-818), was a Frankish noble and Count of Hesbaye, son of Sigram of Hesbaye, a grandson of Sigramnus, Count of Hesbaye (a contemporary and ally of Charlemanges grandfather Charles Martel) and so a great-grandson of Lambert of Hesbaye, a man whose other daughter was Charlemanges grandmother, Rotrude of Triar. Therefore he was second cousins with Charlemagne through the same Great Grandfather. He was related by marriage to Robert II, Count of Hesbaye, who was grandfather of Robert the Strong. He was also nephew of Chrodegang, Archbishop of Metz and first abbot of the Lorsch Abbey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Teispes", "paragraph_text": "Te\u00efspes (from Greek \u03a4\u03b5\u0390\u03c3\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2 ; in Old Persian: \ud800\udfa8\ud800\udfa1\ud800\udfc1\ud800\udfb1\ud800\udfa1\ud800\udfc1 \"Ci\u0161pi\u0161\") ruled <a href=\"Anshan%20%28Persia%29\">Anshann 675\u2013640 BCE. He was the son of Achaemenes of Persis and an ancestor of Cyrus the Great. There is evidence that Cyrus I and Ariaramnes were both his sons. Cyrus I is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, whereas Ariaramnes is great grandfather of Darius the Great. According to 7th-century BC documents, he captured the Elamite city of Anshan, speculated to have occurred after the Persians were freed from Median supremacy, and expanded his small kingdom. His kingdom was, however, a vassal state of the Neo Assyrian Empire (911\u2013605 BCE). He was succeeded by his second son, Cyrus I.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Elizabeth Kekaaniau", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Keka\u02bbaniau La\u02bbanui Pratt, full name Elizabeth Kekaikuihala Keka\u02bbaniauokalani Kalaninuiohilaukapu La\u02bbanui Pratt (12 September 1834 \u2013 20 December 1928) was a great grandniece of Kamehameha I, being a great granddaughter of Kalokuokamaile, the older brother of Kamehameha I, founder of the Kingdom of Hawaii.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nigel Loring (surgeon)", "paragraph_text": "Sir John Nigel Loring {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (1896\u20131979) was an Apothecary to British Royalty. The son of Nele and Mabel Alice (Isaac) Loring, he was born 31 August 1896. He was a seventh great grandson to New England immigrant Thomas Loring. His great great grandfather Joshua Loring had been a United Empire Loyalist and from his great great grandfather's generation this branch of the family returned to the British Isles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Al Fakhro", "paragraph_text": "The Al-Fakhroh Tribe , (Arabic: \u0622\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200e \u200e ; also spelled Al-Fakhroo) attributing to their great grandfather Fakher from Banu Tamim. The name Fakhroh came from their great grandfather Fakher whose son of Tamim bin Mor bin Ad bin Muder bin Adnan which is considered as a very ancient Arab tribe dwelled by people from the midst of the Arabian Peninsula.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (1443 \u2013 21 May 1524), styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1485 and again from 1489 to 1514, was an English nobleman and politician. He was the only son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Katherine Moleyns. The Duke was the grandfather of both Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Catherine Howard and the great grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. He served four monarchs as a soldier and statesman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Maestro Armando Ortega", "paragraph_text": "Maestro Armando Manuel Aurelio Ortega Carrillo was Director of Coro de la Escuela Secundaria y de Bachilleres de Orizaba (ESBO). His maternal great grandfather was the philanthropist Don Manuel Carrillo Tablas, who served as mayor of Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico many times. His maternal grandfather (Manuel Carrillo Iturriaga) was also a member of the Mexican Legislature at the turn of the 20th century. His paternal grandfather was the illustrious Professor Don Aurelio Ortega y Placeres, considered one of the most brilliant educators of public instruction the state of Veracuz, Mexico produced. His father was the renowned poet and educator, Professor Don Aurelio Ortega Casta\u00f1eda, who baptized the city of Orizaba with the title of \"Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de los Puentes\"(\"Our Lady of the bridges\").", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5addffa75542992200553bdc", "question_text": "Which director was also a writer, Noel M. Smith or Reza Parsa?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Noel Mason Smith"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nigel Coan", "paragraph_text": "Nigel Coan is a British animator, director, and writer best known for his contributions to the television series \"The Mighty Boosh\" and \"Noel Fielding's Luxury Comedy\" as well as the film Bunny and the Bull. Coan first met Noel Fielding and fellow Boosh actor Dave Brown at Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College (now Buckinghamshire New University), where they lived and attended art school together. Along with his partner Ivana Zorn and their production company \"Nipple\", Coan has produced work for companies such as Canon, Volvo, and Honda.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Noel M. Smith", "paragraph_text": "Noel Mason Smith (May 22, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1955) was an American film director and writer. He directed 125 films between 1917 and 1952. He was born in Rockland, California, and died in Los Angeles, California.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Reza Badiyi", "paragraph_text": "Reza Sayed Badiyi also known as Reza Sayed Badiei (Persian: \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0639\u06cc; April 17, 1929 \u2013 August 20, 2011) was an Iranian-American film director. Badiyi also directed episodes of many popular television series. His credits also include developing the opening montages for \"Hawaii Five-O\", \"Get Smart\", and \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Reza Mirkarimi", "paragraph_text": "Reza Mirkarimi (Persian: \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200e \u200e , Born 28 January 1966 in zanjan) is an Iranian film writer and director.He graduated from Fine Arts University in Graphic Arts and His Cinema activities started from 1987 with a short film named 'For Him' (16mm Camera).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Corridor (2013 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Corridor (in Persian:\u062f\u0647\u0644\u06cc\u0632; transliterated as: Dehliz) is a 2013 Iranian drama film directed by Behrouz Shoeibi. Reza Attaran and Hanieh Tavassoli play the leading roles. The film mainly deals with the Islamic concept of Qisas. This was Shoeibi's debut film. As he has been a director's assistant and an actor, he didn't have some technical problems other first film directors do. This was also one of rare performances of Reza Attaran, not in a comic role. Hanieh Tavassoli won the crystal simorgh for best actress in a leading role in 31st Fajr International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani", "paragraph_text": "Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u200e \u200e , also [Romanize]d as \"Mohammad\u2013Reza Shafi'i Kadkani\") (born 1939) is a Persian writer, poet, literary critic, editor, and translator.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Reza Parsa", "paragraph_text": "Reza Parsa is a Swedish film director. At the age of 22 he was admitted to the 4-year directing program at the National Film School of Denmark (1991\u201395) and directed the most award winning (11 awards) graduation film, \"Never (Gr\u00e4nsen)\", in the history of the school.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Faridur Reza Sagar", "paragraph_text": "Faridur Reza Sagar (Bengali: \u09ab\u09b0\u09bf\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0 ) is a Bangladeshi writer and film producer. He is also the managing director of Impress Telefilm Ltd and Channel-i.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Voice of Silence (2013 film)", "paragraph_text": "Voice of Silence (Persian: \u062d\u0642 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u062a\u200e \u200e ) is a 2013 Iranian film written and directed by Mohammad Hadi Naeiji. The movie has won the Crystal Simorgh for Best Screenplay at the 32nd Fajr International Film Festival. It was produced by the award-winning writer and director Reza Mirkarimi the director of A Cube of Sugar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Noel Maxam", "paragraph_text": "Noel Maxam (born September 26) is an American television director, writer, and producer. Maxam has worked on the CBS Daytime drama \"As the World Turns\" as a writer, and, later, on \"The Young and the Restless\" where he directed for nearly 10 years. In 2007, he left to become Producer on the NBC drama \"Days of Our Lives\" and was promoted to Co-Executive Producer in 2011. In 2012, he left Days and is a freelance director. Recently he has directed for \"The Young and the Restless\", \"Hollywood Heights\" and \"Disney\". Noel Maxam is a graduate of the \"Interlochen Arts Academy\" (Diploma), \"Carnegie Mellon University\" (B.F.A. Directing) and the \"University of Southern California\" (M.F.A. in Film and Video Production).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7e6f295542991319bc94b1", "question_text": "Who gave the mother of Alberic II of Spoleto the title \"patricia\" of Rome?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Pope John X"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Renaud I, Count of Dammartin", "paragraph_text": "Renaud de Dammartin (Reginald of Boulogne) (c. 1165 \u2013 1227) was Count of Boulogne from 1190, Count of Dammartin from 1200 to 1214 and Count of Aumale from 1204 to 1214. He was son of Alberic II of Dammartin, and Mathilde of Clermont.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Marozia", "paragraph_text": "Marozia, born Maria and also known as Mariuccia or Mariozza ( 890 \u2013 937), was a Roman noblewoman who was the alleged mistress of Pope Sergius III and was given the unprecedented titles \"senatrix\" (\"senatoress\") and \"patricia\" of Rome by Pope John X.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Simon, Count of Ponthieu", "paragraph_text": "Simon of Dammartin (1180 \u2013 21 September 1239) was a son of Alberic II of Dammartin (Aubry de Dammartin) and his wife Mathildis of Clermont.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Alberic III of Dammartin", "paragraph_text": "Alberic III of Dammartin (Aubry de Dammartin) (died 1200 AD) was a French count and son of Alberic II, Count of Dammartin, and Cl\u00e9mence de Bar, daughter of Reginald I, Count of Bar.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Alberik II", "paragraph_text": "Alberic II was a bishop of Utrecht from 838 to 844.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Alberic II, Count of Dammartin", "paragraph_text": "Alberic II (died 1183), Count of Dammartin, possibly the son of Aubry de Mello, Count of Dammartin, and Adela, daughter of Hugh I, Count of Dammartin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pope Leo VII", "paragraph_text": "Pope Leo VII (Latin: \"Leo VII\" ; d. 13 July 939) was Pope from 3 January 936 to his death in 939. He was preceded by Pope John XI and followed by Pope Stephen VIII. Leo VII's election to the papacy was secured by Alberic II of Spoleto, the ruler of Rome at the time. Alberic wanted to choose the pope so that the papacy would continue to yield to his authority. Leo was the priest of the church of St. Sixtus in Rome, thought to be a Benedictine monk. He had little ambition towards the papacy, but consented under pressure.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pope Agapetus II", "paragraph_text": "Pope Agapetus II (died 8 November 955) was Pope from 10 May 946 to his death in 955. A nominee of the Princeps of Rome, Alberic II, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Gregory I, Count of Tusculum", "paragraph_text": "Gregory I was the Count of Tusculum sometime between 954 and 1012. Consul et dux 961, vir illustrissimus 980, praefectus navalis 999. He was the son of Alberic II (son of Alberic I of Spoleto and Marozia), and Alda of Vienne (daughter of Hugh, King of Italy and his second wife, Alda (or Hilda)). His half-brother was Pope John XII.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Alberic II of Spoleto", "paragraph_text": "Alberic II (912\u2013954) was ruler of Rome from 932 to 954, after deposing his mother Marozia and his stepfather, King Hugh of Italy.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7f40055542992e7d278cc0", "question_text": " What did an English former footballer purchase in march 2009?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["50 JJB Sports Fitness Clubs"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Uwe St\u00f6ver", "paragraph_text": "Uwe St\u00f6ver (born February 8, 1967) is a German former footballer who became a coach. He was until March 2009 athletic director for SV Wehen Wiesbaden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mike Keen", "paragraph_text": "Michael Thomas \"Mike\" Keen (19 March 1940 \u2013 12 April 2009) was an English former footballer who played during the 1960s and 1970s. He was the father of former West Ham United and Stoke City player Kevin Keen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Kevin Richardson (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Kevin Richardson (born 4 December 1962) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder. Richardson featured for English clubs Everton, Watford, Arsenal, Aston Villa, Coventry City, Southampton, Barnsley and Blackpool. He also had a spell in La Liga with Real Sociedad. He was also capped for the England national football team. During October 2009 he was appointed as the assistant manager of Darlington. Richardson is currently a coach at Newcastle United's academy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Eddie Lowe (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Edward \"Eddie\" Lowe (11 July 1925 \u2013 9 March 2009) was an English former professional footballer who played for Aston Villa and Fulham, making the second-all-time club record appearances for Fulham of 511, behind Johnny Haynes, between 1950 and 1963. He was also an England international and later, the manager for Notts County. Lowe died on 9 March 2009 in Nottingham.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "DW Sports Fitness", "paragraph_text": "DW Sports Fitness is a British retailing and fitness business. Founded in March 2009 when Dave Whelan purchased the 50 JJB Sports Fitness Clubs and the attached retail stores for \u00a383.4 million. At the time all the sites were shared between a fitness club and retail store, with most cases seeing the fitness club downstairs and the retail store upstairs. Since that time the group has grown to encompass more than 60 sites, including stand-alone retail stores and stand-alone fitness clubs.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dave Whelan", "paragraph_text": "David \"Dave\" Whelan (born 24 November 1936) is an English former footballer. During his football career, he played for Blackburn Rovers and Crewe Alexandra. Whelan is the owner of League 1 club Wigan Athletic, having also been the chairman of the club for twenty years, before passing the position over to his grandson, David Sharpe. He is also owner of the DW Stadium, home to Championship club Wigan Athletic and Wigan Warriors (rugby league). In July 2015, Whelan received an honorary degree from the University of Bolton, making him a Doctor of Business Administration.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Giuliano Grazioli", "paragraph_text": "Giuliano Stefano Luigi Grazioli (born 23 March 1975 in Marylebone) is an English former footballer who played as a striker from 1995 until 2009, notably for Barnet.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ulrich Sude", "paragraph_text": "Ulrich 'Uli' Sude (born April 19, 1956 in Korbach) is a German former footballer who became a coach. He spent 11 seasons in the Bundesliga with Borussia M\u00f6nchengladbach. As of March 2009, he works as a scout for the Borussia M\u00f6nchengladbach youth team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ian Elsby", "paragraph_text": "Ian Christopher Elsby (born 13 September 1960) is an English former footballer who played for Port Vale, Cleveland Cobras, Macclesfield Town and Congleton Town. His uncle is the former footballer Jim Elsby.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Paul Mullin (footballer, born 1974)", "paragraph_text": "Paul Bernard Mullin (born 16 March 1974) is an English former professional footballer. He is the brother of fellow former footballer John Mullin.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae0e0125542993d6555ec79", "question_text": "Ross Pople worked with this French dominant figure of the post-war classical music world.", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of classical music festivals", "paragraph_text": "The following is an incomplete list of classical music festivals, which encapsulates music festivals focused on classical music. Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music (both liturgical and secular), and has long been played at festival-like settings. It encompasses a broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day. The major time divisions of classical music are as follows: the early music period, which includes the Medieval (500\u20131400) and the Renaissance (1400\u20131600) era, played at early music festivals; the common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600\u20131750), Classical (1750\u20131830), and Romantic eras (1804\u20131910), which included opera festivals and choral festivals; and the 20th century (1901\u20132000) which includes the modern (1890\u20131930) that overlaps from the late 19th-century, the high modern (mid 20th-century), and contemporary classical music festivals or postmodern (1975\u20132000) eras, the last of which overlaps into the 21st-century. The term \"classical music\" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Canadian classical music", "paragraph_text": "In Canada, classical music includes a range of musical styles rooted in the traditions of Western or European classical music that European settlers brought to the country from the 17th century and onwards. As well, it includes musical styles brought by other ethnic communities from the 19th century and onwards, such as Indian classical music (Hindustani and Carnatic music) and Chinese classical music. Since Canada's emergence as a nation in 1867, the country has produced its own composers, musicians and ensembles. As well, it has developed a music infrastructure that includes training institutions, conservatories, performance halls, and a public radio broadcaster, CBC, which programs a moderate amount of Classical music. There is a high level of public interest in classical music and education.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Margaret Carson", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Carson (July 11, 1911 \u2013 October 11, 2007) was an American publicist who was highly influential within the classical music world. She was a publicist for many important artists during her lengthy career, most notably working closely for several decades with Leonard Bernstein. She also notably served as the Metropolitan Opera's press director during the tenure of Edward Johnson and into the early portion of Rudolf Bing's career at the Met. \" The New York Times\" stated that, Carson was \"widely regarded as the leading lady of classical music publicists in New York, who guided a generation of singers through the Metropolitan Opera and shepherded the career of Leonard Bernstein.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Pierre Boulez", "paragraph_text": "Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez CBE (] ; 26 March 1925 \u2013 5 January 2016) was a French composer, conductor, writer and organiser of institutions. He was one of the dominant figures of the post-war classical music world.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of Indian classical music festivals", "paragraph_text": "The following is an incomplete list of Indian classical music festivals, which encapsulates music festivals focused on Indian classical music. The origins of Indian classical music can be found in the Vedas, which are the oldest scriptures in the Hindu tradition dating back to 1500 BC. Indian classical music has also been significantly influenced by, or syncretised with, Indian folk music. There are two divisions in Indian classical music. Hindustani music is mainly found in North India. Carnatic music, from South India, tends to be more rhythdogs have bonessive and structured than Hindustani music. While some festivals such as the Carnatic event Tyagaraja Aradhana (founded in the 1840s) continue to focus on traditional Carnatic classical music, an emergent trend of the past few decades has been that of fusion music, where genres such as khyal and western music are intermixed to appeal", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Motonari Iguchi", "paragraph_text": "Motonari Iguchi \u4e95\u53e3\u57fa\u6210 (Iguchi Motonari ) (17 May 1908 in Tokyo \u2013 29 September 1983 in Tokyo) was a Japanese pianist and educator. He was influential in the post-war Japanese classical music world and his editions, published by Shunj\u016bsha, are still the standard ones in that country.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Guizot", "paragraph_text": "Fran\u00e7ois Pierre Guillaume Guizot (] ; 4 October 1787 \u2013 12 September 1874) was a French historian, orator, and statesman. Guizot was a dominant figure in French politics prior to the Revolution of 1848. A conservative liberal who opposed the attempt by King Charles X to usurp legislative power, he worked to sustain a constitutional monarchy following the July Revolution of 1830.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Herbert von Karajan", "paragraph_text": "Herbert von Karajan (] ; born Heribert Ritter von Karajan; 5 April 1908 \u2013 16 July 1989) was an Austrian conductor. He was principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic for 35 years. Generally regarded as one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century, he was a dominant figure in European classical music from the mid-1950s until his death. Part of the reason for this was the large number of recordings he made and their prominence during his lifetime. By one estimate he was the top-selling classical music recording artist of all time, having sold an estimated 200 million records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "London Festival Orchestra", "paragraph_text": "The London Festival Orchestra (LFO) was established in the 1950s as the 'house orchestra' for Decca Records. In 1980 it was incorporated as an independent performing orchestra under Ross Pople. At least in the world of pop music, the orchestra is best known for providing accompaniment to the Moody Blues for their landmark 1967 album \"Days of Future Passed\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ross Pople", "paragraph_text": "Ross Pople (born 11 May 1945) is a New Zealand-born British conductor. He is the principal conductor of the London Festival Orchestra. He has worked with Yehudi Menuhin, Clifford Curzon, David Oistrakh, Kentner, George Malcolm, Sir Adrian Boult, Rudolf Kempe, Benjamin Britten, Witold Lutos\u0142awski, Krzysztof Penderecki, Michael Tippett, Georg Solti, Leonard Bernstein, George Benjamin, John Casken, Edwin Roxburgh, Luciano Berio, John Taverner, Malcolm Arnold, Pierre Boulez as well as many other major orchestras, choirs and soloists.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae4cf975542990ba0bbb151", "question_text": "What line featured characters from a DC Comic creator by Bob Kane and Bill Finger?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["action figure toyline"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Batman in film", "paragraph_text": "The fictional superhero Batman, who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, has appeared in various films since his inception. Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, the character first starred in two serial films in the 1940s, \"Batman\" and \"Batman and Robin\". The character also appeared in the 1966 film \"Batman\", which was a feature film adaptation of the 1960s \"Batman\" TV series starring Adam West and Burt Ward, who also starred in the film. Toward the end of the 1980s, the Warner Bros. studio began producing a series of feature films starring Batman, beginning with the 1989 film \"Batman\", directed by Tim Burton and starring Michael Keaton. Burton and Keaton returned for the 1992 sequel \"Batman Returns\", and in 1995, Joel Schumacher directed \"Batman Forever\" with Val Kilmer as Batman. Schumacher also directed the 1997 sequel \"Batman & Robin\", which starred George Clooney. \"Batman & Robin\" was poorly received by both critics and fans, leading to the cancellation of \"Batman Unchained\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Two-Face", "paragraph_text": "Two-Face (Harvey Dent) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character was created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane and first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #66 (Aug. 1942). As one of Batman's most enduring enemies, Two-Face belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batman's rogues gallery.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Scarecrow (DC Comics)", "paragraph_text": "The Scarecrow (Dr. Jonathan Crane) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and first appeared in \"World's Finest Comics\" #3 (Fall 1941).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Robin (character)", "paragraph_text": "Robin is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was originally created by Bob Kane, Bill Finger, and Jerry Robinson, to serve as a junior counterpart to the superhero Batman. The character's first incarnation, Dick Grayson, debuted in \"Detective Comics\" #38 (April 1940). Conceived as a vehicle to attract young readership, Robin garnered overwhelmingly positive critical reception, doubling the sales of the Batman related comic books. The early adventures of Robin included \"Star Spangled Comics\" #65\u2013130 (1947\u20131952), which was the character's first solo feature. Robin made regular appearances in Batman related comic books and other DC Comics publications from 1940 through the early 1980s until the character set aside the Robin identity and became the independent superhero Nightwing. The team of Batman and Robin has commonly been referred to as the \"Caped Crusaders\" or \"Dynamic Duo\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Movie Masters", "paragraph_text": "Movie Masters is an action figure toyline from Mattel based on popular movie franchises most notably DC Comics. The line has featured characters from the films \"Superman\", \"Avatar\", \"The Dark Knight\" trilogy, \"Green Lantern\", and \"Man of Steel\". Figures in the line are sculpted by Four Horsemen Studios, who also sculpted figures for Mattel's DC Superheroes and DC Universe Classics lines.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Joe Chill", "paragraph_text": "Joe Chill is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, the character first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #33 (November 1939).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Vicki Vale", "paragraph_text": "Victoria \"Vicki\" Vale is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, the character debuted in \"Batman\" #49 (October 1948). Vicky Vale is typically depicted as a romantic interest of Bruce Wayne, the alter-ego of Batman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bill Finger", "paragraph_text": "Milton \"Bill\" Finger (February 8, 1914 \u2013 January 18, 1974) was an American comic strip and comic book writer best known as the co-creator, with Bob Kane, of the DC Comics character Batman, and the co-architect of the series' development. Although Finger did not receive contemporaneous credit for his hand in the development of Batman, Kane acknowledged Finger's contributions years after Finger's death.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Joker (character)", "paragraph_text": "The Joker is a fictional supervillain created by Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson who first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book \"Batman\" (April 25, 1940), published by DC Comics. Credit for the Joker's creation is disputed; Kane and Robinson claimed responsibility for the Joker's design, while acknowledging Finger's writing contribution. Although the Joker was planned to be killed off during his initial appearance, he was spared by editorial intervention, allowing the character to endure as the archenemy of the superhero Batman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Batman", "paragraph_text": "Batman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #27 (1939). Originally named the \"Bat-Man\", the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Caped Crusader, the Dark Knight, and the World's Greatest Detective.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae4cda05542990ba0bbb148", "question_text": "Why is Serena Williams more accomplished than Mariaan de Swardt in her tennis career?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the world No. 1 for the first time"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "1997 Welsh International Open \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Katrina Adams and Mariaan de Swardt were the defending champions but did not compete that year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2000 Australian Open \u2013 Mixed Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Mariaan de Swardt and David Adams were the defending champions but only Adams competed that year with Kristie Boogert.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "1998 Boston Cup \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs won in the final 6\u20134, 6\u20134 against Mariaan de Swardt and Mary Joe Fern\u00e1ndez.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Williams sisters", "paragraph_text": "The Williams sisters are two professional American tennis players: Venus Williams (b. 1980), a seven-time Grand Slam title winner (singles), and Serena Williams (b. 1981), twenty-three-time Grand Slam title winner (singles), both of whom were coached from an early age by their parents Richard Williams and Oracene Price. There is a noted professional rivalry between them \u2013 between the 2001 US Open and the 2017 Australian Open tournaments, they met in nine Grand Slam singles finals. They became the first two players, female or male, to play in 4 consecutive grand slam singles finals from the 2002 French Open to the 2003 Australian Open; Serena famously won all 4 to complete the first of two \"Serena Slams\". Between 2000 and 2016, a 17-year span, they collectively won 12 Wimbledon singles titles (Venus won 5 and Serena won 7). By winning the 2001 Australian Open women's doubles title, they became the 5th pair to complete the Career Doubles Grand Slam and the only pair to complete the Career Doubles Golden Slam. At the time, Venus and Serena were only 20 and 19 years old, respectively. Since then they have gone on to add another two Olympic gold medals in the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2012 London Olympics. Nearly a decade later, the duo would go on to win 4 consecutive grand slam doubles titles from 2009 Wimbledon through 2010 Roland Garros, which would catapult them to co-No. 1 doubles players on 7 June 2010. Two weeks later, on 21 June 2010, Serena would hold the No. 1 singles ranking and Venus would be right behind her at No. 2 in singles. Their most recent grand slam doubles titles came at the 2012 Wimbledon & 2016 Wimbledon events. They remain very close, often watching each other's matches in support, even after one of them has been knocked out of a tournament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mariaan de Swardt", "paragraph_text": "Mariaan de Swardt (born 18 March 1971) is a former tennis player from South Africa, who played as a professional from 1988 to 2001. She twice represented her native country at the Summer Olympics, in 1992 and 1996, and was a member of the South African Fed Cup Team in 1992 and 1994\u20131997. In 2006, de Swardt became a U.S. citizen.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1999 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles", "paragraph_text": "The 1999 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the women's doubles event of the hundred-and-thirteenth edition of Wimbledon, the third Grand Slam of the year, the most prestigious tournament on grass courts, and the oldest tennis tournament in the world. Martina Hingis and Jana Novotn\u00e1 were the defending champions but only Novotn\u00e1 competed that year with Natasha Zvereva. Novotn\u00e1 and Zvereva lost in the semifinals to Mariaan de Swardt and Elena Tatarkova.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "1997 Challenge Bell \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Debbie Graham and Brenda Schultz-McCarthy were the defending champions, but decided not to compete together. Graham partnered with Mariaan de Swardt, but lost in the semifinals to Alexandra Fusai and Nathalie Tauziat. Schultz-McCarthy partnered with Rebecca Jensen, but lost in the first round to Patricia Hy-Boulais and Chanda Rubin.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1998 Boston Cup \u2013 Singles", "paragraph_text": "Mariaan de Swardt won in the final 3\u20136, 7\u20136, 7\u20135 against Barbara Schett.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Serena Williams", "paragraph_text": "Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player. The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) has ranked her world No. 1 in singles on eight occasions, from 2002 to 2017. She became the world No. 1 for the first time on July 8, 2002. On the sixth occasion, she held the ranking for 186 consecutive weeks, tying the record set by Steffi Graf for the most consecutive weeks as world No. 1 by a female tennis player. In total, she has been world No. 1 for 319 weeks, which ranks her third in the Open Era among female tennis players. Some commentators, players and sports writers regard her as the greatest female tennis player of all time.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "1996 Toray Pan Pacific Open \u2013 Doubles", "paragraph_text": "Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez and Natasha Zvereva were the defending champions and won in the final 7\u20136, 6\u20133 against Mariaan de Swardt and Irina Sp\u00eerlea.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac1bff05542994ab5c67dfc", "question_text": "Who was the eldest brother of the Mexican drug trafficker born 12 March 1952?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Francisco Rafael Arellano F\u00e9lix"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "H\u00e9ctor Manuel Sauceda Gamboa", "paragraph_text": "H\u00e9ctor Manuel Sauceda Gamboa (died 17 February 2009), commonly referred to by his alias El Karis, was an alleged drug trafficker and high-ranking leader of the Gulf Cartel (Spanish: \"C\u00e1rtel del Golfo\"), a Mexican drug trafficking organization. He was the brother of the drug lord Gregorio Sauceda Gamboa, another high-ranking drug trafficker who worked under the tutelage of Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n, the former top leader of the cartel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Aurelio Cano Flores", "paragraph_text": "Aurelio Cano Flores (born 3 May 1972), commonly referred to by his aliases Yankee and/or Yeyo, is an imprisoned Mexican drug trafficker and former high-ranking leader of the Gulf Cartel, a Mexican drug trafficking organization. He is also a former member of the Federal Judicial Police in Tamaulipas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Francisco Rafael Arellano F\u00e9lix", "paragraph_text": "Francisco Rafael Arellano F\u00e9lix (24 October 1949 \u2013 18 October 2013) was a Mexican drug lord and former leader of the Tijuana Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. He was the oldest of seven brothers and headed the criminal organization early in the 1990s alongside them. Through his brother Benjam\u00edn, Francisco Rafael joined the Tijuana Cartel in 1989 following the arrest of Miguel \u00c1ngel F\u00e9lix Gallardo, one of the most prominent drug czars in Mexico during the 1980s. When the Arellano F\u00e9lix took control of the organization in the early 1990s, tensions with the rival Sinaloa Cartel prompted violent attacks and slayings from both fronts.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rafael Cede\u00f1o Hern\u00e1ndez", "paragraph_text": "Rafael Cede\u00f1o Hern\u00e1ndez is an imprisoned Mexican drug trafficker who was a high-level leader of La Familia Michoacana, a drug cartel based in the Mexican state of Michoac\u00e1n. He was the successor of Alberto Espinoza Barr\u00f3n, a drug trafficker who was arrested on 31 December 2008 by the Mexican authorities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Miguel &quot;El Gringo&quot; Villarreal", "paragraph_text": "Miguel \"El Gringo\" Villarreal (died on 10 March 2013) was an alleged drug trafficker and high-ranking leader of the Gulf Cartel, a Mexican drug trafficking organization. He was the crime boss of Reynosa, Tamaulipas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Seraf\u00edn Zambada Ortiz", "paragraph_text": "Seraf\u00edn Zambada Ortiz (born 27 May 1990) is a United States-born Mexican drug trafficker and son of Ismael \"El Mayo\" Zambada, one of the top leaders of the Sinaloa Cartel. He is married to Karime Ellameli Torres Acosta, the daughter of the late Manuel Torres F\u00e9lix (\"The Crazy One\"), another Sinaloa Cartel drug lord. Zambada Ortiz was active on social media, where he posted pictures of his extravagant lifestyle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Joaqu\u00edn &quot;El Chapo&quot; Guzm\u00e1n", "paragraph_text": "Joaqu\u00edn Archivaldo Guzm\u00e1n Loera (] ; born on 25 December 1954 or 4 April 1957) is a Mexican drug lord who headed the Sinaloa Cartel, a criminal organization named after the Mexican Pacific coast state of Sinaloa where it was formed. Known as \"El Chapo\" (\"Shorty\", ] ) for his 168 cm stature, he became Mexico's top drug kingpin in 2003 after the arrest of his rival Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n of the Gulf Cartel, and was considered the \"most powerful drug trafficker in the world\" by the United States Department of the Treasury.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Rafael Caro Quintero", "paragraph_text": "Rafael Caro Quintero (born October 3, 1952) is a Mexican drug trafficker who founded the now-disintegrated Guadalajara Cartel with Miguel \u00c1ngel F\u00e9lix Gallardo and other drug traffickers in the 1970s. He is the brother of fellow drug trafficker Miguel Caro Quintero, the founder and former leader of the extinct Sonora Cartel who remains incarcerated.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Benjam\u00edn Arellano F\u00e9lix", "paragraph_text": "Benjam\u00edn Arellano F\u00e9lix (born 12 March 1952) is a Mexican drug trafficker and former leader of the Mexican criminal organization known as the Tijuana Cartel or 'Arellano-F\u00e9lix Organization'.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Eduardo Arellano F\u00e9lix", "paragraph_text": "Eduardo Arellano F\u00e9lix (born October 11, 1956) is a Mexican drug trafficker, brother of Benjam\u00edn, Ram\u00f3n, Javier and sister Enedina, all drug traffickers. The Arellano-F\u00e9lix Organization, also known as the Tijuana Cartel, has been responsible for countless murders and the smuggling of thousands of tons of marijuana, cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine for more than a decade. The DEA believes that the Arellano-F\u00e9lix brothers were responsible for the numerous smuggling tunnels that were found in January 2006.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adcc9f35542990d50227d20", "question_text": "Which US Supreme court case involved a waiver of right to counsel Planned Parenthood v. Casey or Montejo v. Louisiana?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Montejo v. Louisiana"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "United States v. Olano", "paragraph_text": "United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725 (1993) , was a United States Supreme Court case that distinguished between forfeiture and waiver. Quoting from \"Johnson v. Zerbst\", 304 U.S. 458 (1938) , the Court noted, \"Whereas forfeiture is the failure to make the timely assertion of a right, waiver is the \"intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right... Whether a particular right is waivable; whether the defendant must participate personally in the waiver; whether certain procedures are required for waiver; and whether the defendant's choice must be particularly informed or voluntary, all depend on the right at stake.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Stephen Freind", "paragraph_text": "Stephen F. Freind (born 1944) is a Republican politician who served in the Pennsylvania General Assembly as the state representative for Delaware County from 1976 until 1993, when he unsuccessfully challenged Arlen Specter in the 1992 Republican primary election. He was most notable for authoring a law that was presented as a tort reform measure but was actually designed to restrict abortion rights, that included \"requirements that a married woman notify her husband, that there be a 24-hour wait before any abortion, and that doctors show patients a pamphlet with pictures of developing fetuses\". It was mostly upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States except for the spousal notification provision in the case of \"Planned Parenthood v. Casey\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Planned Parenthood v. Casey", "paragraph_text": "Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of several Pennsylvania state statutory provisions regarding abortion was challenged. The Court's plurality opinion reaffirmed the central holding of \"Roe v. Wade\" stating that \"matters, involving the most intimate and personal choices a person may make in a lifetime, choices central to personal dignity and autonomy, are central to the liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.\" The Court's plurality opinion upheld the constitutional right to have an abortion while altering the standard for analyzing restrictions on that right, crafting the \"undue burden\" standard for abortion restrictions. \"Planned Parenthood v. Casey\" differs from \"Roe,\" however, because under \"Roe\" the state could not regulate abortions in the first trimester whereas under \"Planned Parenthood v. Casey\" the state can regulate abortions in the first trimester, or any point before the point of viability, and beyond as long as that regulation does not pose an undue burden on women's fundamental right to an abortion. Applying this new standard of review, the Court upheld four regulations and invalidated the requirement of spousal notification.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Abortion in Oklahoma", "paragraph_text": "Abortion in Oklahoma is legal under United States law, following the decision in \"Roe v. Wade\" in 1973. In 1992, the Supreme Court case \"Planned Parenthood v. Casey\" upheld the legality of abortion but granted states permission to create restrictions, so long as they did not create an \"undue burden\" for women who sought abortion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Montejo v. Louisiana", "paragraph_text": "Montejo v. Louisiana, 556 U.S. 778 (2009), is a 5\u20134 decision by the United States Supreme Court that overruled the Court's decision in \"Michigan v. Jackson\", 475 U.S. 625 (1986) . The case concerned the validity of a defendant's waiver of his right to counsel during a police interrogation. In reversing \"Jackson\", the Court said such a waiver was valid.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Brewer v. Williams", "paragraph_text": "Brewer v. Williams, 430 U.S. 387 (1977) , is a decision by the United States Supreme Court that clarifies what constitutes \"waiver\" of the right to counsel for the purposes of the Sixth Amendment. Under \"Miranda v. Arizona\", evidence obtained by police during interrogation of a suspect before he has been read his Miranda rights is inadmissible. Here, however, the defendant had been indicted in court, and thus his Sixth Amendment right to counsel had automatically attached. At issue was whether a voluntary admission of incriminating facts in response to police statements constituted a waiver of this right to counsel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nancy Northup", "paragraph_text": "Nancy Northup is the President of The Center for Reproductive Rights, in New York City. The Center is a reproductive rights organization that uses constitutional and international law to secure women's reproductive freedom including abortion rights in over 45 countries. Under her leadership, the Center helped win Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt, a Supreme Court case considered the most significant case won by the reproductive rights movement since Planned Parenthood v. Casey in 1992.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ernie Preate", "paragraph_text": "Ernest D. Preate, Jr. (born November 22, 1940) is a former Republican Pennsylvania Attorney General. As Attorney General, he argued before the United States Supreme Court in the landmark case, Planned Parenthood of Southeast Pennsylvania v. Casey on behalf of Robert P. Casey, then governor of Pennsylvania. Preate also successfully argued another landmark case, Blystone v. Pennsylvania in the United States Supreme Court addressing the death penalty.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Stenberg v. Carhart", "paragraph_text": "Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000), is a case heard by the Supreme Court of the United States dealing with a Nebraska law which made performing \"partial-birth abortion\" illegal, without regard for the health of the mother. Nebraska physicians who performed the procedure contrary to the law were subject to having their medical licenses revoked. The Court struck down the law, finding the Nebraska statute criminalizing \"partial birth abortion[s]\" violated the Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution, as interpreted in \"Planned Parenthood v. Casey\" and \"Roe v. Wade\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gonzales v. Carhart", "paragraph_text": "Gonzales v. Carhart, 550 U.S. 124 (2007), is a United States Supreme Court case that upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. The case reached the high court after U.S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales appealed a ruling of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit in favor of LeRoy Carhart that struck down the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act. Also before the Supreme Court was the consolidated appeal of Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood from the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which had struck down the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7e32905542991319bc943b", "question_text": "Jennifer Jones captained the gold medalists for Canada at the Sochi Winter Olympics in which event?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Curling"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "2014 Winter Olympics torch relay", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Winter Olympics torch relay was run from October 7, 2013, 123 days prior to the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics, until February 7, 2014, the day of the opening ceremony at Sochi. In Russia the relay traveled from Moscow to Sochi through 2,900 towns and villages across all 83\u00a0federal subjects of Russia by foot, car, train, plane, and \"troika\" for over 65,000\u00a0km of journey. The event became the longest relay in Winter Olympics history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Meghan Agosta", "paragraph_text": "Meghan Christina Agosta (born February 12, 1987) is a Canadian women's ice hockey forward, who last played for the Montreal Stars of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. Agosta plays for the Canada women's national ice hockey team and has represented Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, and the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, winning gold medals at all three. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Agosta was named MVP of the Women's Hockey Tournament. She has also played at the Women's World Championship three times, capturing a gold medal and two silvers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2014 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games (French: \"Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver\" ) (Russian: XXII \u041e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b , \"XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry\" ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014, were a major international multi-sport event held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony, 6 February 2014. Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics in Russia since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Johan Gr\u00f8ttumsbr\u00e5ten", "paragraph_text": "Johan Hagbart Pedersen Gr\u00f8ttumsbraaten (12 February 1899 \u2013 24 January 1983) was a Norwegian skier who competed in Nordic combined and cross-country. Dominating both events in the 1920s and early 1930s, he won several medals in the early Winter Olympics. Most notably, he won two gold medals at the 1928 Winter Olympics, and as one of the only two entrants to win two gold medalists from St. Moritz, was the most successful athlete there, along with Clas Thunberg of Finland. He previously won three medals (one silver, two bronzes) at the inaugural Winter Olympics held in Chamonix in 1924, and went on to defend his Olympic Nordic Combined at the 1932 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2007 Trail Appliances Autumn Gold Curling Classic", "paragraph_text": "The 2007 Trail Appliances Autumn Gold Curling Classic was the 30th annual edition of the event. It marked the first Grand Slam event of the Women's World Curling Tour. It was held October 5-9 at the Calgary Curling Club in Calgary, Alberta. The total purse for the event was $56,000 with $14,000 going to the winning team of Jennifer Jones, Cathy Overton-Clapham, Jill Officer and Dawn Askin. They beat Shannon Kleibrink's rink in the final.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Canada hosted and participated in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia. Canada previously hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. Canada sent a team of 206 athletes (116 men, 90 women), including participants in all 15 sports, and finished with 14 gold medals and 26 in total (ranking 1st and 3rd respectively), surpassing their previous best medal performance at the 2006 Winter Olympics. The 14 gold medals also set the all-time record for most gold medals at a single Winter Olympics, one more than the previous record of 13 set by the former Soviet Union in 1976 and Norway in 2002. Canada was the first host nation to win the gold medal count at a Winter Olympics since Norway at the 1952 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jennifer Jones (curler)", "paragraph_text": "Jennifer Judith Jones (born July 7, 1974) is a Canadian curler. She won an Olympic gold medal as skip of the Canadian team at the 2014 Sochi Games. She is the first female skip to go through the Games undefeated. The only male skip to achieve this is fellow Canadian Kevin Martin in 2010. Jones and her squad are the first Manitoba based curling team to win an Olympic gold medal. They won the 2008 World Women's Curling Championship, and were the last Canadian women's team to do so until Rachel Homan in 2017. Jones has won the national championship five times, most recently during the 2015 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. To go along with her national championships, Jones has also won the Manitoba provincial championship ten times, with a total of 12 Tournament of Heart appearances as of 2017.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Chloe Kim", "paragraph_text": "Chloe Kim (Korean: \uae40\uc120, born April 23, 2000) is an elite American snowboarder, currently sponsored by Target. While being too young to compete in the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics Kim earned silver in superpipe in the 2014 Winter X Games, coming behind Kelly Clark. In 2015 Chloe won Gold in the super pipe event in the Winter X Games beating Kelly Clark. With this win, at age 14, Kim became the youngest gold medalist until she lost this record to Kelly Sildaru who won gold in 2016 at the age of 13. In the 2016 X Games, she became the first person under the age of 16 to win three gold medals (and thus the first such person to win back-to-back gold medals) at an X Games. At that year's U.S. Snowboarding Grand Prix, she became the first woman to land back-to-back 1080 spins in a snowboarding competition. She scored a perfect 100 points, and is believed to be the second rider ever to do so, after Shaun White.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sochi bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sochi 2014 was a successful bid by the Russian Olympic Committee to host the 2014 Winter Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia. Sochi was one of seven applicants for the games, and one of three to be short-listed, along with Pyeongchang, South Korea, and Salzburg, Austria. Sochi is a resort city located on the Black Sea. The bid involved the city itself hosting ice events, while ski events were to be held at the ski resort in Krasnaya Polyana. The bid's advantages include ample hotel rooms and strong public and political support. Sochi also bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics, but failed to make the short-list.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rugby sevens at the 2009 World Games", "paragraph_text": "Rugby union, specifically in the sevens format, was introduced as a World Games sport for men at the 2001 World Games in Akita. Fiji entered the 2009 games as the two time defending Gold Medalists. Held on July 24 and 25 of 2009 in Taiwan, Fiji clinched gold for the 3rd time in front of a crowd of 39,000. The Fijian win preserves Fiji as the only nation to ever capture gold at the games. Represented were South Africa (the reigning IRB Sevens World Series Champions), Portugal (the reigning European Sevens Champions), Argentina (the reigning USA Sevens Champions), Fiji (the reigning World Games Gold Medalists), and Chinese Taipei (the host nation). The USA was the biggest disappointment of Day 1 going 0\u20133 having been expected to compete for a medal. The biggest surprise of the event was Portugal finding their way into the Gold Medal Match and coming away with the Silver Medal.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7aa07d55429941d65f2703", "question_text": "Who directed the film in which Catherine Ann \"Kate\" Bosworth made her debut?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Robert Redford"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kate Warner", "paragraph_text": "Catherine Ann \"Kate\" Warner {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (born 14 July 1948) is an Australian lawyer, legal academic, and the current Governor of Tasmania.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kate Bosworth", "paragraph_text": "Catherine Ann \"Kate\" Bosworth (born January 2, 1983) is an American actress and model. She made her film debut in \"The Horse Whisperer\" (1998) and appeared in \"Remember the Titans\" (2000), before landing a lead role as a teenage surfer in the box-office hit \"Blue Crush\" (2002).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Catherine Ann Jones", "paragraph_text": "Catherine Ann Jones is an award-winning playwright, screenwriter, and author. She wrote the screenplay for the film \"The Christmas Wife\" and \"Unlikely Angel.\" She wrote several episodes of the television series \"Touched by an Angel\". She has written two books about writing \"The Way of Story: The Craft & Soul of Writing\" and \"Heal Your Self with Writing\" (Nautilus Book Award 2014).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Win a Date with Tad Hamilton!", "paragraph_text": "Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! is a 2004 American romantic comedy film directed by Robert Luketic, written by Victor Levin, and starring Kate Bosworth, Topher Grace, Josh Duhamel, Gary Cole, Ginnifer Goodwin, Sean Hayes, and Nathan Lane. Heavily inspired by Ram Gopal Varma's 1995 Indian film \"Rangeela\", the film follows a small-town girl (Bosworth) who wins a contest for a date with a male celebrity (Duhamel), and a love triangle forms between the girl, the star, and the girl's best friend (Grace).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Katy Manning", "paragraph_text": "Catherine Ann \"Katy\" Manning (born 14 October 1946) is an English-Australian actress best known for her part as the companion Jo Grant in the BBC science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". She has also made many theatre appearances, and is now an Australian citizen. In 2009 Manning moved back to the UK to pursue new acting work and currently lives in London.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Eternal Three", "paragraph_text": "The Eternal Three is a 1923 American silent film drama produced and distributed by Goldwyn Pictures. It was directed by both Marshall Neilan and Frank Urson. Hobart Bosworth, Claire Windsor and Bessie Love star. The film was made from a screen story by Neilan and is now a lost film, although a brief production scene of director Marshall Neilan with stars Raymond Griffith, Hobart Bosworth, and Claire Windsor appear in the restored film \"Souls for Sale\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Kate Barnard", "paragraph_text": "Catherine Ann \"Kate\" Barnard (May 23, 1875 \u2013 February 23, 1930) was the first woman to be elected as a state official in Oklahoma, and the second woman to be elected to a statewide public office in the United States, in 1907. She served as the first Oklahoma Commissioner of Charities and Corrections for two four year terms (this position was the only one that the 1907 Oklahoma State Constitution permitted a woman to hold).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Horse Whisperer (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Horse Whisperer is a 1998 American drama film directed by and starring Robert Redford, based on the 1995 novel \"The Horse Whisperer\" by Nicholas Evans. Redford plays the title role, a talented trainer with a remarkable gift for understanding horses, who is hired to help an injured teenager (played by Scarlett Johansson) and her horse back to health following a tragic accident.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Life Happens", "paragraph_text": "Life Happens (stylized L!fe Happens) is a 2011 comedy film directed by Kat Coiro and written by Coiro and Krysten Ritter. The film stars Ritter, Kate Bosworth, Kristen Johnston, Geoff Stults, Jason Biggs, and Rachel Bilson. Ritter plays the main character, Kim, who lives with her two roommates, Deena (Bosworth) and Laura (Bilson), in Los Angeles. Kim becomes pregnant after a one-night stand so she turns to her friends for help. \"L!fe Happens\" opened in theaters on April 13, 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Christmas Wife", "paragraph_text": "The Christmas Wife is a 1988 American drama film directed by David Jones and written by Catherine Ann Jones. It stars Jason Robards, Julie Harris, Don Francks, James Eckhouse, Patricia Hamilton and Deborah Grover. The film premiered on HBO on December 12, 1988.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abf1e825542997ec76fd3cb", "question_text": "In which year did Baek Bong-ki appear in the South Korean drama film set in a high school?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["2004"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Go Go 70s", "paragraph_text": "Go Go 70s () is a 2008 South Korean drama/musical film set in the 1970s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Secret Sunshine", "paragraph_text": "Secret Sunshine () is a 2007 South Korean drama film directed by acclaimed South Korean director, novelist, and former Minister of Culture Lee Chang-dong. The screenplay based on the short fiction \"The Story of a Bug\" by Lee Cheong-jun that focuses on a woman as she wrestles with the questions of grief, madness, and faith. The Korean title Miryang (or Milyang) is named after the city that served as the film's setting and filming location, of which \"Secret Sunshine\" is the literal translation. For her performance in the film, Jeon Do-yeon won the Prix d'interpr\u00e9tation f\u00e9minine du Festival de Cannes (Best Actress) at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. The film also won the award for Best Film at the Asian Film Awards and at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. The film sold 1,710,364 tickets nationwide in South Korea alone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Deaf Sam-yong (1964 film)", "paragraph_text": "Deaf Sam-yong (Korean: \ubc99\uc5b4\ub9ac \uc0bc\ub8e1 ; \"Beongeori Samryong\") is a 1964 South Korean drama film directed, produced by Shin Sang-ok, based on the 1925 short story of the sama title by Na Do-hyang. It was chosen as Best Film at the Grand Bell Awards. The film was also selected as the South Korean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 37th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Once Upon a Time in High School", "paragraph_text": "Once Upon a Time in High School: The Spirit of Jeet Kune Do (Korean: \ub9d0\uc8fd\uac70\ub9ac \uc794\ud639\uc0ac ) is a 2004 South Korean drama film. The background of the film is set in a high school in South Korea, . The original Korean title literally means \"cruel history of Maljuk street\" and one of the filming locations was the present neighborhood of Yangjae-dong, Seocho District in Seoul.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Tragedy of Deaf Sam-yong", "paragraph_text": "The Tragedy of Deaf Sam-yong (Korean: \ube44\ub828\uc758 \ubc99\uc5b4\ub9ac \uc0bc\uc6a9 , translit. Biryeonui beongeori samyong) is a 1973 South Korean drama film directed by Byun Jang-ho. The film was selected as the South Korean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 46th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Eunuch (film)", "paragraph_text": "Eunuch (Korean: Naeshi ) is a 1986 South Korean drama film directed by Lee Doo-yong. The film was selected as the South Korean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 59th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Baek Min-hyun", "paragraph_text": "Baek Min-hyun (born January 12, 1985) is a South Korean actor. Baek, also known as \"little Song Seung-heon\", made his acting debut with the television drama \"My Beloved Sister\" (2006). He starred in the film \"Arang\" (2006) and has also appeared in numerous commercials.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Baek Bong-ki", "paragraph_text": "Baek Bong-ki (born December 16, 1980) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in the noir film \"Once Upon a Time in High School\" (2004) and the military sitcom \"Blue Tower\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Rice (film)", "paragraph_text": "Rice (Korean: \uc300 , translit. Ssal) is a 1963 South Korean drama film directed by Shin Sang-ok. The film was selected as the South Korean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 39th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Han Sun-hwa", "paragraph_text": "Han Sun-hwa (born October 6, 1990), is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a former member of the South Korean girl group Secret. She made her television debut in 2004 while participating in SBS's \"Superstar Survival\" as a finalist, and in 2009, she was a regular cast on a variety show called \"Invincible Youth\". Aside from music, she also ventured into acting and made her debut in the 2010 drama, \"More Charming By The Day\". She also acted in several dramas with supporting roles in \"Ad Genius Lee Tae-baek\", \"God's Gift - 14 Days\", and \"Marriage, Not Dating\". In 2014 she finally starred as a lead actress on MBC's weekend drama \"Rosy Lovers\" as Baek Jang Mi co-starring with actor Lee Jang Woo. CNN International Seoul listed Sunhwa as one of the nine rising \"It\" stars in Korean entertainment citing her as a \"multi-tasking\" artist. Her portrayal of Kang Se-Ah in the 2014 TVN drama, \"Marriage, Not Dating\" earned her a nomination for \"Best Youth Actress\" at the 16th Seoul International Youth Film Festival. In 2014, her portrayal of Jang-Mi from \"Rosy Lovers\" and Jenny from \"God's Gift 14 Day\"s won her two best new actress awards from MBC and SBS Drama Awards. It was confirmed on September 26, 2016 that Sunhwa had not renewed her contract with TS Entertainment and will officially part ways in October. On October 14, 2016 Sunhwa joined Huayi Brothers as an actress.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae4606c5542996836b02c91", "question_text": "Where was the company, of which David DeVoe is Chief Financial Officer, ranked in the world, in 2014, in terms of revenue, against similar types of company ?  ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["fourth-largest"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Paul Saleh", "paragraph_text": "Paul N. Saleh (born 1957), is an American business executive who served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Executive Vice President for Nextel Communications. He later served as interim chief executive officer (CEO) of Sprint Nextel Corporation in late 2007 and as the company's CFO from 2001 to 2008. In November, 2010 Mr. Saleh was named Gannett's Chief Financial Officer. In May, 2012 Mr. Saleh was named CSC's Chief Financial Officer and currently holds this position.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Florida Chief Financial Officer election, 2014", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Florida Chief Financial Officer election took place on November 4, 2014, which resulted in the re-election of the Florida Chief Financial Officer. Incumbent Republican Chief Financial Officer Jeff Atwater ran for re-election to a second term in office.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Joshua Oigara", "paragraph_text": "Joshua Nyamweya Oigara is the Group Chief Executive Officer of the Kenya Commercial Bank Group. At age 37, his appointment in November 2012 to replace the outgoing CEO Martin Oduor-Otieno made him the youngest CEO of a publicly traded bank at the NSE. Prior to his appointment, he served as Chief Financial Officer and Member of the Board of Directors of the Company between January 12, 2012 and January 2013. He also served as Group Chief Financial Officer at KCB Bank Group for East Africa. He joined the Bank in November 2011 from Bamburi Cement where he served as Group Financial Director and Chief Financial Officer for the East Africa region. Oigara holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from University of Nairobi and Master of Business Administration from Edith Cowan University and a host of other qualifications.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Luigi Ferraris (businessman)", "paragraph_text": "Luigi Ferraris (Legnano, 1962) is an Italian executive, Chief Executive Officer of Terna S.p.A. since April 2017. CEO of Enersis from 2014 to 2015, ex - Chairman of Enel Green Power, CFO of Enel Group and current Chief Financial Officer of Poste Italiane Group. Luigi Ferraris was also Chairman of Enel Green Power S.p.A. as well as Operating Chairman of Enel Factor S.p.A. In 2015 Luigi Ferraris was appointed Chief Financial Officer of Poste Italiane Group, in charge of managing its privatization process, one of the largest ever undertaken in Italy. He has had also the responsibility of implementing the Group\u2019s Risk and Management Control functions, while starting a valorisation and optimization plan for Group\u2019s Real Estate properties. Luigi Ferraris worked also as non executive Board Member of Banca del Mezzogiorno \u2013 Mediocredito Centrale, PSC S.p.A Group. He was Board Member of Erg S.p.A. a company listed in the Italian stock exchange. He had a teaching role or \u201cCorporate Strategy\u201d at LUISS University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "News Corporation", "paragraph_text": "The original News Corporation or News Corp. was an American multinational mass media corporation headquartered in New York City. It was the world's fourth-largest media group in 2014 in terms of revenue. Board members include prominent former Spanish prime minister Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aznar.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Chief Financial Officers Act", "paragraph_text": "The Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (Public Law 101\u2013576), or CFO Act, signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on November 15, 1990, is a United States federal law intended to improve the government's financial management, outlining standards of financial performance and disclosure. Among other measures, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) was given greater authority over federal financial management. For each of 23 federal departments and agencies, the position of chief financial officer was created. In accordance with the CFO Act, each agency or department vests its financial management functions in its chief financial officer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jeff Bornstein", "paragraph_text": "Jeffrey \"Jeff\" S. Bornstein is an American business executive. He is a senior vice president and chief financial officer for General Electric. Previously, Bornstein served as chief financial officer of GE Capital and senior vice president of General Electric. Bornstein joined GE in 1989 with the GE Power Systems\u2019 Financial Management Program. In 1992, he joined the GE Corporate Audit Staff and then became Executive Audit Manager. In 1996, he was named Chief Financial Officer for GE Aircraft Engine Services and Vice President in 1998. In 1999, he was promoted to Chief Financial Officer of GE Plastics and served as their CFO until 2002. He is on the board of Northeastern University and buildOn. He has also been involved in a number of youth programs. He received his B.S. in Business Administration from Northeastern University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "David DeVoe", "paragraph_text": "David \"Dave\" F. DeVoe (born 1947) has been a Director and Chief Financial Officer of News Corporation since 1990.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lloyd Levitin", "paragraph_text": "Professor Lloyd A. Levitin (born 1932) is an American businessman, former business executive, and currently professor of clinical finance and business economics at the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business. He teaches financial analysis and valuation courses in the full-time MBA and undergraduate programs. He has published articles on corporate diversification and accountants' scope of liability for defective financial reports. He was simultaneously executive vice president, treasurer and chief financial officer of Pacific Enterprises (now Sempra Energy), as well as executive vice president and chief financial officer of the Southern California Gas Company (wholly owned subsidiary of Pacific Enterprises). He has 31 years of experience in corporate management. Prior thereto, he was associate professor of business at San Francisco State University. He also has a CPA certificate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ellis Cousens", "paragraph_text": "Ellis E. Cousens (born 1952) is Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operations Officer of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., since March 2001. Previously Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of Bookspan, a Bertelsmann AG and Time Warner Inc. joint venture, from March 2000; Vice President, Finance and Strategic Planning, of Bertelsmann AG from March 1999; Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of BOL.com, a subsidiary of Bertelsmann AG, from August 1998). Earned a Bachelor's degree from Hunter College, Master of Science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an MBA in Finance from the Hagan School of Business of Iona College. Graduated DeWitt Clinton High School, Bronx, NY class of 1970.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac176555542994d76dcce47", "question_text": "What profession does H. L. Mencken and Albert Camus have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["journalist"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Guest", "paragraph_text": "\"The Guest\" (French: \"L'H\u00f4te\" ) is a short story by the French writer Albert Camus. It was first published in 1957 as part of a collection entitled \"Exile and the Kingdom\" (\"L'exil et le royaume\"). The French title \"L'H\u00f4te\" translates into both \"the guest\" and \"the host\" which ties back to the relationship between the main characters of the story. Camus employs this short tale to reflect upon issues raised by the political situation in French North Africa. In particular, he explores the problem of refusing to take sides in the colonial conflict in Algeria, something that mirrors Camus' own non-aligned stance which he had set out in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "H. L. Mencken", "paragraph_text": "Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 \u2013 January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English. Known as the \"Sage of Baltimore\", he is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the twentieth century. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians and contemporary movements. His satirical reporting on the Scopes trial, which he dubbed the \"Monkey Trial\", also gained him attention.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Herbert Lottman", "paragraph_text": "Herbert Lottman (August 16, 1927, Brooklyn - August 27, 2014, Paris) was an American author who specialized in writing biographies on French subjects. An influential biographer, he published 17 biographies, 15 of which were related to French culture, commerce, or politics; including works on Albert Camus, Colette, Gustave Flaubert, Henri Philippe P\u00e9tain, Jules Verne, and the Rothschild banking family of France. He wrote that, just before dying, Albert Camus was pledged to marry. Camus's estate tried to block his book, partly because of this controversial statement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Albert Camus", "paragraph_text": "Albert Camus (] ; 7 November 1913 \u2013 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist. His views contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as absurdism. He wrote in his essay \"The Rebel\" that his whole life was devoted to opposing the philosophy of nihilism while still delving deeply into individual freedom. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Fall (Camus novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Fall (French: La Chute ) is a philosophical novel by Albert Camus. First published in 1956, it is his last complete work of fiction. Set in Amsterdam, \"The Fall\" consists of a series of dramatic monologues by the self-proclaimed \"judge-penitent\" Jean-Baptiste Clamence, as he reflects upon his life to a stranger. In what amounts to a confession, Clamence tells of his success as a wealthy Parisian defense lawyer who was highly respected by his colleagues; his crisis, and his ultimate \"fall\" from grace, was meant to invoke, in secular terms, The Fall of Man in the Garden of Eden. \"The Fall\" explores themes of innocence, imprisonment, non-existence, and truth. In a eulogy to Albert Camus, existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre described the novel as \"perhaps the most beautiful and the least understood\" of Camus' books.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Possessed (play)", "paragraph_text": "The Possessed (in French Les Poss\u00e9d\u00e9s) is a play written by Albert Camus in 1959. The piece is a theatrical adaptation of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel \"The Possessed\", later renamed \"Demons\". Camus despised nihilism and viewed Dostoyevsky's work as a prophecy about nihilism's devastating effects. He directed a production of the play at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Antoine in 1959, the year before he died, which he financed in part with the money he received with his Nobel Prize. It was a critical success as well as an artistic and technical tour de force: 33 actors, 4 hours long, 7 sets, 24 scenes. The walls could move sideways to reduce the size of each location and the whole stage rotated to allow for immediate set transformations. Camus put the painter and set decorator Mayo, who had already illustrated several of his novels (L'Etranger - 1948 Ed.) , in charge of the demanding task of designing these multiple and complex theater sets", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Rebel (book)", "paragraph_text": "The Rebel (French: \"L'Homme r\u00e9volt\u00e9\" ) is a 1951 book-length essay by Albert Camus, which treats both the metaphysical and the historical development of rebellion and revolution in societies, especially Western Europe. Camus relates writers and artists as diverse as Epicurus and Lucretius, Marquis de Sade, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Friedrich Nietzsche, Max Stirner, Andr\u00e9 Breton, and others in an integrated, historical portrait of man in revolt. Examining both rebellion and revolt, which may be seen as the same phenomenon in personal and social frames, Camus examines several 'countercultural' figures and movements from the history of Western thought and art, noting the importance of each in the overall development of revolutionary thought and philosophy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Marcel J. Melan\u00e7on", "paragraph_text": "Marcel J. M\u00e9lan\u00e7on is a Canadian philosopher and scientist. He was born in Saint-Barnab\u00e9, Quebec, in 1938, and is mostly known for his book on the French philosopher Albert Camus \"Albert Camus, An Analysis of his thought\" (Albert Camus. Analyse de sa pens\u00e9e). He has mostly worked together with the biologist Richard D. Lambert.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Stranger (novel)", "paragraph_text": "L\u2019\u00c9tranger (The Outsider [UK], or The Stranger [US]) is a 1942 novel by French author Albert Camus. Its theme and outlook are often cited as examples of Camus' philosophy of the absurd and existentialism, though Camus personally rejected the latter label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Reflections on the Guillotine", "paragraph_text": "\"Reflections on the Guillotine\" is an extended essay written in 1957 by Albert Camus. In the essay Camus takes an uncompromising position for the abolition of the death penalty. Camus's view is similar to that of Cesare Beccaria and the Marquis de Sade, the latter having also argued that murder premeditated and carried out by the state was the worst kind. Camus states that he does not base his argument on sympathy for the convicted but on logical grounds and on proven statistics. Camus also argues that capital punishment is an easy option for the government where remedy and reform may be possible.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a72a0be5542992359bc3143", "question_text": "This work of literature _______ , known by its Greek title Oedipus Tyrannus was argued by Sigmund Freud to be one of the greatest works of world literature in his 1928 article. ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Oedipus Rex"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Assault on Truth", "paragraph_text": "The Assault on Truth: Freud's Suppression of the Seduction Theory is a book by Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson, in which the author argues that Sigmund Freud deliberately suppressed his early hypothesis, known as the seduction theory, that hysteria is caused by sexual abuse during infancy, because he refused to believe that children are the victims of sexual violence and abuse within their own families. Masson reached this conclusion while he had access to some of Freud's unpublished letters as projects director of the Sigmund Freud Archives. \"The Assault on Truth\" was first published in 1984, and several revised editions have since been published.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Why Freud Was Wrong", "paragraph_text": "Why Freud Was Wrong: Sin, Science and Psychoanalysis (1995; second edition 1996; third edition 2005) is a book by Richard Webster, in which the author provided a critique of Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis. Webster argued that Freud became a kind of Messiah and that psychoanalysis is a pseudo-science and a disguised continuation of the Judaeo-Christian tradition. Webster endorsed Gilbert Ryle's arguments against mentalist philosophies in \"The Concept of Mind\" (1949); he also criticized many other authors for their treatment of Freud and psychoanalysis. The book for which Webster may be best remembered, \"Why Freud Was Wrong\" has been called \"brilliant\" and \"definitive\", but has also been criticized for shortcomings of scholarship and argument. \"Why Freud Was Wrong\" formed part of the \"Freud wars\", an ongoing controversy around psychoanalysis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Peter Swales (historian)", "paragraph_text": "Peter J. Swales (born 1948) is a Welsh \"guerilla historian of psychoanalysis\", and former assistant to the Rolling Stones, who has written essays and letters about Sigmund Freud. A 1998 article in The New Republic magazine noted his \"...remarkable detective work over the last 25 years, revealing the true identities of several early patients of Freud's who had been known only by their pseudonyms.\" He is one of three men (the others are Freud Archives director Kurt R. Eissler and psychoanalyst Jeffrey Masson) whose machinations are described in the 1984 book In The Freud Archives, which originated as two articles in The New Yorker magazine that provoked Masson to file an unsuccessful $10 million libel suit against the magazine and its writer Janet Malcolm.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Critical approaches to Hamlet", "paragraph_text": "From its premiere at the turn of the 17th century, \"Hamlet\" has remained Shakespeare's best-known, most-imitated, and most-analyzed play. The character of Hamlet played a critical role in Sigmund Freud's explanation of the Oedipus complex and thus influenced modern psychology. Even within the narrower field of literature, the play's influence has been strong. As Foakes writes, \"No other character's name in Shakespeare's plays, and few in literature, have come to embody an attitude to life [...] and been converted into a noun in this way.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Oedipus Rex", "paragraph_text": "Oedipus Rex, also known by its Greek title, Oedipus Tyrannus (Ancient\u00a0Greek: \u039f\u1f30\u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a4\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 IPA: [oid\u00edpu\u02d0s t\u00fdran\u02d0os]), or Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles that was first performed around 429 BC. Originally, to the ancient Greeks, the title was simply \"Oedipus\" (\"\u039f\u1f30\u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\"), as it is referred to by Aristotle in the \"Poetics\". It is thought to have been renamed \"Oedipus Tyrannus\" to distinguish it from \"Oedipus at Colonus\". In antiquity, the term \u201ctyrant\u201d referred to a ruler, but it did not necessarily have a negative connotation.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud", "paragraph_text": "The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud is a biography of Sigmund Freud by Ernest Jones. The most famous and influential biography of Freud, \"The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud\" was originally published in three volumes (first volume 1953, second volume 1955, third volume 1957); a one-volume edition abridged by literary critics Lionel Trilling and Steven Marcus followed in 1961. When first published, \"The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud\" was acclaimed, and sales exceeded expectations. Although his biography has retained its status as a classic, Jones has been criticized for presenting an overly favorable image of Freud.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Freud: A Life for Our Time", "paragraph_text": "Freud: A Life for Our Time is a 1988 biography of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, by the historian Peter Gay. The work is based partly on new material that has become available since the publication of Ernest Jones' \"The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud\" (1953). The book has been praised, but has also been criticized by several authors skeptical of psychoanalysis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Freud and Philosophy", "paragraph_text": "Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation (French: \"De l'interpr\u00e9tation. Essai sur Sigmund Freud\" ) is a 1965 book about Sigmund Freud by the philosopher Paul Ric\u0153ur. Sometimes grouped with works such as J\u00fcrgen Habermas's \"Knowledge and Human Interests\" (1968), \"Freud and Philosophy\" has received praise, but critics have argued Ric\u0153ur provides a mistaken interpretation of Freud.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Interpretation of Dreams", "paragraph_text": "The Interpretation of Dreams (German: \"Die Traumdeutung\" ) is a 1899 book by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, in which the author introduces his theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation, and discusses what would later become the theory of the Oedipus complex. Freud revised the book at least eight times and, in the third edition, added an extensive section which treated dream symbolism very literally, following the influence of Wilhelm Stekel. Freud said of this work, \"Insight such as this falls to one's lot but once in a lifetime.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dostoevsky and Parricide", "paragraph_text": "\"Dostoevsky and Parricide\" (German: \"Dostojewski und die Vatert\u00f6tung\" ) is an introductory article contributed by Sigmund Freud to a scholarly collection on \"The Brothers Karamazov\" by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The collection was published in 1928. The article argues that it is no coincidence that some of the greatest works of world literature - including \"Oedipus Rex\", \"Hamlet\", as well as \"The Brothers Karamazov\" \u2013 all concern parricide, which in Dostoevsky's case Freud links to his epilepsy.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab9788155429970cfb8eb1a", "question_text": "What year did the CEO of Tata Consultancy Services takeover as Chairman?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["2017"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Tata Sons", "paragraph_text": "Tata Sons Limited is the holding company of the Tata Group and holds the bulk of shareholding in these companies. It was established as a trading enterprise in 1868. About 86% of the equity capital of Tata Sons is held by philanthropic trusts endowed by members of the Tata family. The biggest two of these trusts are the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Sir Ratan Tata Trust. Tata Sons is the owner of the Tata name and the Tata trademarks, which are registered in India and several other countries. TCS alone generates 70% revenues of its parent company, Tata Sons. Natarajan Chandrasekaran took over as Chairman of Tata Sons on 21 February 2017.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "F. C. Kohli", "paragraph_text": "Faqir Chand Kohli (born 28 February 1924) popularly known as F. C. Kohli is an Indian industrialist. He is frequently referred to as the \"Father of the Indian Software Industry\" due to his significant contribution in Indian IT industry. He was the founder and first CEO of Tata Consultancy Services, India's largest software consultancy company. He has also worked as the deputy general manager of the Tata Power Company. He is also on the board of governors of College of Engineering, Pune.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Subramaniam Ramadorai", "paragraph_text": "Subramanian Ramadorai, CBE ( born 6 October 1945) was the adviser to the Prime Minister of India in the national council on skill development, Government of India. He held the rank equivalent to an Indian Cabinet Minister. He is also the chairperson of the governing board of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences and Bharathidasan Institute of Management, chairman of Indian Institute of Information Technology, Guwahati and Tata Elxsi. Earlier, he was CEO and MD of Tata Consultancy Services from 1996 to 2009 & Vice - Chairman of Tata Consultancy Services till 6 October 2014 transforming TCS from a company with $400 million revenues and 6000 employees to one of the world's largest software and services company with more than 200,000 employees working in 42 countries and revenues over US$6.0 billion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "LC Singh", "paragraph_text": "LC Singh is the Vice Chairman and CEO of Nihilent Technologies Ltd. , a global integrated change management company headquartered at Pune, India. Singh founded Nihilent in the year 2000. Singh is an alumnus of the Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) ,Varanasi] and Harvard Business School, and has contributed significantly towards building the Indian IT brand worldwide. Singh performed key roles at Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). At the time of leaving the company, he was the Senior Vice President, in charge of operations for UK, South Africa and the Middle East. He briefly worked with Zensar Technologies as President and CEO. He is the author of Nihilent's patented change management framework MC\u00b3 and 14Signals (a patented framework on Customer Loyalty Evaluation). He is an internationally internationally recognized thought leader on design & systems thinking, and is an invited speaker at global conferences on Design Thinking, Change Management, and Digital Disruption. Singh is a Fellow of The Institute of Management Consultants of India (IMCI) and Computer Society of India (CSI). He scripted and produced the movie Banaras, A mystic love story. He continues to be a student of ontology and epistemology", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Tata Consultancy Services", "paragraph_text": "Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) service, consulting and business solutions company Headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group and operates in 46 countries.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lalit Surajmal Kanodia", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Lalit Kanodia (born March 30, 1941) is an Indian business entrepreneur, credited with having created the software industry of India as the Founder CEO of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), earlier called Tata Computer Center during 1967-1970. He is currently Chairman of Datamatics Group of Companies which he founded in 1975. He also holds the position of National President of the Indo - American Chamber of Commerce and Vice President of the Indian Merchants Chamber, both prestigious organizations of the Indian business community. He has also served as President of the Management Consultants Association of India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "CMC (company)", "paragraph_text": "CMC Limited was an information technology services, consulting and software company having its headquarters in New Delhi, India. CMC is part of the TATA Group and is owned by Tata Consultancy Services. CMC was incorporated on 26 December 1975, as the 'Computer Management Corporation Private Limited'. The Government of India held 100 per cent of the equity share capital and owned by government of India. On 19 August 1977, it was converted into a public limited company. In October 2001, CMC was privatized by the Government of India, in a sale to India-based Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), the largest software services company in Asia. It also features on top ten companies in India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Natarajan Chandrasekaran", "paragraph_text": "Natarajan Chandrasekaran (born 1963) is the chairman of Tata Sons. Chandrasekaran took over as the CEO of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) on November 6, 2009 prior to which he was COO and executive director of TCS. Born in 1963, Chandra is one of the youngest CEOs within the Tata Group. In January 2017, he was selected to become the next chairman of Tata Sons. He assumed chairmanship on 21 February 2017 and soon after was announced the chairman of Tata Motors. on July 3, he was appointed as chairman of Tata Global Beverages. He is the first non Parsi and professional executive to head the Tata Group.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "TCS China", "paragraph_text": "Tata Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd is a Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise (WFOE) operated by Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. in China. Tata Consultancy Services Ltd (TCS) commenced its operations through its wholly owned foreign enterprise in Shanghai in June, 2002. Subsequently, TCS has set up a global development center in Hangzhou and a liaison office in Beijing. In fact, TCS is the first Indian company to set up a development center in China. Tata Consultancy Services in China is the first CMMI & PCMM Level 5 Company in China.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rajesh Gopinathan", "paragraph_text": "Rajesh Gopinathan (born 1971) is the CEO and Managing Director of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). Rajesh took over as the CEO of TCS on February 21, 2017, prior to which he was CFO and Vice President of TCS. Born in 1971, Rajesh is one of the youngest CEOs of the Tata Group.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae0ba15554299603e41844d", "question_text": "What plant has about 40 species native to Asia, Manglietia or Abronia?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Manglietia"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Manglietia", "paragraph_text": "Manglietia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Magnoliaceae. There are about 40 species native to Asia.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Abronia villosa", "paragraph_text": "Abronia villosa is a species of sand-verbena known by the common names desert sand-verbena and chaparral sand-verbena. It is in the four o'clock plant family (Nyctaginaceae). It is native to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico and the southern California and Baja coast.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ajuga", "paragraph_text": "Ajuga , also known as bugleweed, ground pine, carpet bugle, or just bugle, is a genus of 40 species annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plantsin the mint family Lamiaceae, with most species native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, but also two species in southeastern Australia. They grow to 5\u201350\u00a0cm tall, with opposite leaves.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jumellea", "paragraph_text": "Jumellea is an orchid genus with around 40 species native to Madagascar, the Comoros, the Mascarenes, and eastern Africa. In horticulture, it is often abbreviated Jum. It is named after H. L. Jumelle, a French botanist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Abronia (plant)", "paragraph_text": "Abronia, the sand-verbenas or wild lantanas, is a genus of about 20 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the family Nyctaginaceae. Despite the common names, they are not related to \"Verbena\" (vervains) or lantanas in the family Verbenaceae. They are closely allied with \"Tripterocalyx\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Macroclinium", "paragraph_text": "Macroclinium is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains about 30-40 species native to the tropical Western Hemisphere.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Octarrhena", "paragraph_text": "Octarrhena is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains about 30-40 species native to Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, New Guinea, Queensland, and assorted islands in the western Pacific.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Abronia maritima", "paragraph_text": "Abronia maritima is a species of sand verbena known by the common name red sand verbena. This is a beach-adapted perennial plant native to the coastlines of southern California, including the Channel Islands, and northern Baja California. It grows along stable sand dunes near, but not in, the ocean surf.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Abronia turbinata", "paragraph_text": "Abronia turbinata is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family known by the common name transmontane sand-verbena. It is native to eastern California and Oregon and western Nevada, where it grows in desert and plateau scrub.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Uncaria", "paragraph_text": "Uncaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 40 species. Their distribution is pantropical, with most species native to tropical Asia, three from Africa and the Mediterranean and two from the neotropics. They are known colloquially as gambier, cat's claw or u\u00f1a de gato. The latter two names are shared with several other plants. The type species for the genus is \"Uncaria guianensis.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab864945542990e739ec8e1", "question_text": "Substorm was described in qualitative terms by a scientist nominated for what seven times?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Nobel Prize"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rumford Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Rumford Medal is an award bestowed by Britain's Royal Society every alternating year for \"an outstandingly important recent discovery in the field of thermal or optical properties of matter made by a scientist working in Europe\". First awarded during 1800, it was created after a 1796 donation of $5000 by the scientist Benjamin Thompson, known as Count Rumford, and is accompanied by a gift of \u00a31000. Since its inception, the award has been granted to 101 scientists, including Rumford himself during 1800. It has been awarded to citizens of the United Kingdom fifty-three times, Germany seventeen times, France fourteen times, the Netherlands seven times, Sweden four times, the United States three times, Italy twice and once each to citizens of Australia, Hungary, Belgium, Luxembourg and New Zealand.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Reek Sunday", "paragraph_text": "Reek Sunday (Irish: \"Domhnach na Cruaiche\" ) or Garland Sunday is an annual day of pilgrimage in Ireland. On the last Sunday in July, pilgrims climb Ireland's holiest mountain, Croagh Patrick (764 metres) in County Mayo. It is held in honour of Saint Patrick who, in the year 441, spent 40 days fasting on the mountain. Masses are held at the summit, where there is a small chapel. Some climb the mountain barefoot, as an act of penance, and some carry out 'rounding rituals', which were formerly a key part of the pilgrimage. This involves praying while walking sunwise around features on the mountain. They walk seven times around the cairn of Leacht Ben\u00e1in (Benan's grave), fifteen times around the circular perimeter of the summit, seven times around Leaba Ph\u00e1draig (Patrick's bed), and then seven times around three ancient cairns known as Reilig Mhuire (Mary's cemetery).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Celina Seghi", "paragraph_text": "Celina Seghi (born 6 March 1920) is a former Italian alpine skier. Born in Abetone, Tuscany, she was the youngest child in a family of nine and earned her first Italian championship medal, a bronze in the slalom, in 1934. In 1937 she earned three national titles, her first victories at that level, by winning the slalom, downhill, and combined events. In total she won a total of 25 gold, 6 silver, and 3 bronze medals at the Italian National Championships: gold seven times, silver thrice, and bronze twice in the downhill, gold and silver once each in the giant slalom, gold ten times, silver twice, and bronze once in the slalom, and gold seven times in the combined.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kristian Birkeland", "paragraph_text": "Kristian Olaf Bernhard Birkeland (13 December 1867 \u2013 15 June 1917) was a Norwegian scientist. He is best remembered as the person whose theories of atmospheric electric currents elucidated the nature of the aurora borealis. In order to fund his research on the aurorae, he invented the electromagnetic cannon and the Birkeland-Eyde process of fixing nitrogen from the air. Birkeland was nominated for the Nobel Prize seven times.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wesley Silcox", "paragraph_text": "Wesley Silcox (born May 30, 1985, in Santaquin, Utah) is an American professional bull rider. He is of English descent. He competes in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and Championship Bull Riding (CBR) tour. He has qualified for the PRCA's National Finals Rodeo seven times (2005-2008, 2010\u201311, 2015) and the CBR world finals seven times (2005\u201310, 2013). He was the PRCA world champion bull rider in 2007 and the PRCA Xtreme Bulls Tour champion in 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Substorm", "paragraph_text": "A substorm, sometimes referred to as a magnetospheric substorm or an auroral substorm, is a brief disturbance in the Earth's magnetosphere that causes energy to be released from the \"tail\" of the magnetosphere and injected into the high latitude ionosphere. Visually, a substorm is seen as a sudden brightening and increased movement of auroral arcs. Substorms were first described in qualitative terms by Kristian Birkeland which he called polar elementary storms. Sydney Chapman used the term substorm about 1960 which is now the standard term. The morphology of aurora during of a substorm was first described by Syun-Ichi Akasofu in 1964 using data collected during the International Geophysical Year.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Simon Poelman", "paragraph_text": "Simon Poelman (born 27 May 1963) is a former New Zealand decathlete, who has been described as New Zealand's best ever all-round athlete. In the decathlon, his personal best of 8359 points (which is adjusted from 8366 points as it was hand timed) is still a New Zealand national record. This was set at the national athletics championships in Christchurch 1987. As well as being the national decathlon champion seven times. He was also the New Zealand senior men's national champion in several individual events including the 100m (once), 110m hurdles (seven times), long jump (twice), pole vault (three times), and shot put (once).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dysosmia", "paragraph_text": "Dysosmia is a disorder described as any qualitative alteration or distortion of the perception of smell. Qualitative alterations differ from quantitative alterations, which include anosmia and hyposmia. Dysosmia can be classified as either parosmia (also called troposmia) or phantosmia. Parosmia refers to a distortion in the perception of an odorant. Odorants smell different from what one remembers. Phantosmia refers to the perception of an odor when there's no actual odorant present. The cause of dysosmia still remains a theory. It is typically considered a neurological disorder and clinical associations with the disorder have been made. Most cases are described as idiopathic and the main antecedents related to parosmia are URTIs, head trauma, and nasal and paranasal sinus disease. Dysosmia tends to go away on its own but there are options for treatment for patients that want immediate relief.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Bifurcation theory", "paragraph_text": "Bifurcation theory is the mathematical study of changes in the qualitative or topological structure of a given family, such as the integral curves of a family of vector fields, and the solutions of a family of differential equations. Most commonly applied to the mathematical study of dynamical systems, a bifurcation occurs when a small smooth change made to the parameter values (the bifurcation parameters) of a system causes a sudden 'qualitative' or topological change in its behaviour. Bifurcations occur in both continuous systems (described by ODEs, DDEs or PDEs) and discrete systems (described by maps). The name \"bifurcation\" was first introduced by Henri Poincar\u00e9 in 1885 in the first paper in mathematics showing such a behavior. Henri Poincar\u00e9 also later named various types of stationary points and classified them.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Robert K. Yin", "paragraph_text": "Robert K. Yin is an American social scientist and President of COSMOS Corporation, known for his work on case study research as well as on qualitative research. Over the years, his work on case study research has been frequently cited. Google Scholar listed it as the second highest methodological work (see Table 3 in the following link), qualitative or quantitative, over a 20-year period:", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8a43eb5542996c9b8d5e82", "question_text": "Which Australian city founded in 1838 contains a boarding school opened by a Prime Minister of Australia and named after a school in London of the same name.", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Marion, South Australia"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Grace Church School", "paragraph_text": "Grace Church School is a private school whose original building is located at 86 Fourth Avenue between East 10th and East 12th Streets in the East Village neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. The school was founded in 1894 by the Grace Church as the first choir boarding school in New York City. The private day school, which much resembles the school today, began in 1934. Grace Church School's High School Division opened in 2012 and is located at 46 Cooper Square. In the 2015-16 school year, the school opened for the first time as a Junior Kindergarten through 12th grade program.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sainik School Balachadi, Jamnagar", "paragraph_text": "The Sainik School Balachadi (\"Hindi: \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e\u091a\u0921\u0940\" ), Jamnagar, Gujarat, is one of the Top Sainik School in the Chain of 26 Sainik Schools in India. It is one of the boarding school for public education in Gujarat.It was established in July 1961 by then the Honorable Prime Minister Sri Lal Bahadur Shastri. It is an elite English medium, fully residential boarding school for boys providing Premium public school education with a Military bias up to 10+2 stage as per the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Chain of Sainik Schools in India was established as a prime focus of strengthening the Armed Forces and All India Services IAS & IPS, and other fields of Public services. The School is Located at a distance of 32\u00a0km from the main city of Jamnagar alongside a coastal area. The campus facing the Gulf of Kutch is encompassed with a Bungalow of The Ruler of Nawanagar Maharaja Jam Shaheb Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji, Sachana Ship Breaking Yard and a natural sea beach.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Vishwajyoti Higher Secondary School", "paragraph_text": "Vishwajyoti Higher Secondary School was initially established in the year 2051 B.S (1994 A.D) by a group of highly experienced professional in the field of education at Pragatinagar \u2013 3, Nawalparasi, Nepal, in collaboration with Nawal English Boarding School, established at Rajhar V.D.C. in the year 2039 B.S (1982 A.D) to promote it from Primary Level to Secondary Level and was run under the name of Nawal English Boarding School (NEBS) upto 2056 B.S (1999 A.D). NEBS was later merged into Vishwa Jyoti English Boarding School in the year 2057 B.S (2000 A.D). In the year 2064 B.S (2007 A.D) the school upgraded itself to the Higher Secondary Level, affiliated to the Higher Secondary Education Board (H.S.E.B.) and started running classes in the science and management stream. official website", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "PNG solution", "paragraph_text": "The Regional Resettlement Arrangement between Australia and Papua New Guinea, colloquially known as the PNG solution, is the name given to an Australian government policy in which any asylum seeker who comes to Australia by boat without a visa will be refused settlement in Australia, instead being settled in Papua New Guinea if they are found to be legitimate refugees. The policy includes a significant expansion of the Australian immigration detention facility on Manus Island, where refugees will be sent to be processed prior to resettlement in Papua New Guinea, and if their refugee status is found to be non-genuine, they will be either repatriated, sent to a third country other than Australia or remain in detention indefinitely. The policy was announced on 19 July 2013 by Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Papua New Guinean Prime Minister Peter O'Neill, effective immediately, in response to a growing number of asylum seeker boat arrivals. The then Opposition Leader Tony Abbott initially welcomed the policy, while Greens leader Christine Milne and several human rights advocate groups opposed it, with demonstrations protesting the policy held in every major Australian city after the announcement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Concho Indian Boarding School", "paragraph_text": "Concho Indian Boarding School (also known as the Cheyenne-Arapaho Boarding School at Concho or Concho Indian School and home to the Concho Demonstration School) was a boarding school for members of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes and later opened to other Native American students. It existed from 1909 to 1983. It was located in central Oklahoma, approximately 1 mile south of Concho, Oklahoma and 4 miles north of El Reno, Oklahoma. The name of the town and school is the Spanish word for \"shell\" and was named for the Indian agent, Charles E. Shell.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Princeton High School (Illinois)", "paragraph_text": "Princeton High School was founded in 1867 and graduated its first class in 1869. The school was started as a boarding school and taught subjects as English, mathematics, history, and the sciences. The school was enlarged in both 1894 and 1908 in order to accommodate for increases in attendance. The school was completely destroyed by fire on December 15, 1924. Plans were then drawn up to build a new school, but in the mean time classes were held in City Hall, the Post Office, and the Christian and Mission Covenant Churches in Princeton. The new school opened its doors on September 27, 1926. The building, 350 ft long and 100 ft wide, contained twenty classrooms; an auditorium seating 1,100; a library; a science lecture room; chemistry, physics and botanical laboratories; and a gymnasium. The building is still in use today, though several additions and remodelings have taken place since then.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Grennaskolan", "paragraph_text": "Grennaskolan Boarding School is a Swedish boarding school located in Gr\u00e4nna, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County. Grennaskolan Boarding School was founded in 1963 by Stockholm University and has today approximately 200 students, half of whom are boarding school students and half of whom are international students.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Cotter High School (Winona, Minnesota)", "paragraph_text": "Cotter High School is the sole Roman Catholic High School in Winona, Minnesota, and is one of the first in the state. Today, Cotter Schools consists of the Cotter High School and Cotter Junior High School. The school opened its doors on September 5, 1911 as the \"Cotter School for Boys\". Cotter, named for the diocese\u2019s first bishop, Bishop Joseph Bernard Cotter, was a boys school directed by the Christian Brothers of Saint John Baptist de La Salle. In 1952, the Brothers turned the operation of the school over to the diocese and Cotter became co-educational with the combining of the Cathedral Girls High School. In 1953 a new Cotter building was erected and in 1962 an addition was added. In 1992, with help from an endowment from the Hiawatha Education Foundation, the school moved to its current location on the campus of the former College of Saint Teresa, allowing it to add a boarding school component.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Westminster School, Adelaide", "paragraph_text": "Westminster School is an independent, Uniting Church, Early Learning to Year 12, coeducational, day and boarding school located at Marion, South Australia, 12\u00a0km south of Adelaide. Founded as a Methodist day and boarding school for boys, the school was opened by the Prime Minister Robert Menzies in 1961 and is named after Westminster School in London. The school became co-educational in 1978, and has a current enrolment of around 1150 students.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Marion, South Australia", "paragraph_text": "Marion is a suburb in the City of Marion in Adelaide around 10\u00a0km south-west of the CBD. Founded as a rural village in 1838 on the banks of the Sturt River, Marion was found to have rich soil and the population expanded rapidly. Colonel William Light laid out the plan for the village, as he had done with the City of Adelaide itself.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae0d9c555429924de1b719a", "question_text": "Van Andel Institute was founded in part by what American businessman, who was best known as co-founder of the Amway Corporation?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Jay Van Andel"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Amway North America", "paragraph_text": "Amway North America (formerly known as Quixtar North America) is an American worldwide multi-level marketing (MLM) company, founded 1959 in Ada, Michigan, United States. It is privately owned by the families of Richard DeVos and Jay Van Andel through Alticor which is the holding company for businesses including Amway, Amway Global, Fulton Innovation, Amway Hotel Corporation, Hatteras Yachts, and manufacturing and logistics company Access Business Group. After the launch of Amway Global (originally operating under the name Quixtar) it replaced the Amway business in the United States, Canada and the Caribbean, with the Amway business continuing to operate in other countries around the world. On May 1, 2009, Quixtar made the name change to Amway Global and fused the various different entities of the parent company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Amway", "paragraph_text": "Amway (short for \"American Way\") is an American company specializing in the use of multi-level marketing to sell health, beauty, and home care products. The company was founded in 1959 by Jay Van Andel and Richard DeVos and is based in Ada, Michigan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of Grand Rapids Rampage seasons", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of seasons completed by the Grand Rapids Rampage. The Rampage were a professional arena football franchise of the Arena Football League (AFL), based in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The team was established in 1998. The origins of the franchise date back to 1988, where they were the Detroit Drive, and then the Massachusetts Marauders for one season in 1994, but folded after that season. Three years later, Dan DeVos, son of Amway co-founder and current owner of the NBA's Orlando Magic, Richard DeVos, bought the franchise out of bankruptcy court, moved them to Grand Rapids, and renamed them the Rampage. The Rampage won ArenaBowl XV, and were regular playoff contenders from 1999 to 2003. After this however, the Rampage did not win more than five games until 2008. In the 2008 season, the Rampage were 6\u201310 and got to the conference championship, but fell short of a second ArenaBowl appearance. Prior to the 2009 season, the AFL announced that it had suspended operations indefinitely and canceled the 2009 season. The franchise did not return when the league resumed operations in . The Rampage played their home games at Van Andel Arena.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Richard DeVos", "paragraph_text": "Richard Marvin DeVos Sr. (born March 4, 1926) is an American businessman, co-founder of Amway along with Jay Van Andel (company restructured as Alticor in 2000), and owner of the Orlando Magic NBA basketball team. In 2012, \"Forbes\" magazine listed him as the 60th wealthiest person in the United States, and the 205th richest in the world, with an estimated net worth of $5.1 billion. At one point, he was one of the 10 wealthiest Americans.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Alticor", "paragraph_text": "Alticor is an American corporation, privately owned and run by American families of DeVos and Van Andel. It was established in 1999 to serve as the parent company for a handful of business ventures, most notably the multi-level marketing company Amway and Amway Global, and a manufacturing and distribution company, Access Business Group. In 2006, Alticor purchased cosmetics maker Gurwitch Products from Neiman Marcus Group Inc., and operated it as a wholly owned subsidiary until Gurwitch was acquired by Shiseido in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Van Andel Institute", "paragraph_text": "Van Andel Institute (VAI) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit medical research institute in Grand Rapids, Michigan. VAI was founded by Jay and Betty Van\u00a0Andel in 1996 and is composed of two institutes: Van\u00a0Andel Research Institute (VARI) and Van\u00a0Andel Education Institute (VAEI). VARI scientists study the genetic, cellular, and molecular origins of cancer and several other degenerative diseases, notably Parkinson's. VAEI offers various science education programs for students K-12, professional development for science teachers, and a graduate school for college students pursuing biomedical research.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Doug DeVos", "paragraph_text": "Doug DeVos (born october 6, 1964 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is an American businessman. As President of Amway since 2002, Doug DeVos oversees daily operations of the company with Chairman Steve Van Andel. Together, they form the Office of the Chief Executive. DeVos is the youngest son of Helen June (Van Wesep) and Amway co-founder Rich DeVos, who, with Steve\u2019s father Jay Van Andel, started Amway in Ada, Michigan, in 1959.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Grand Rapids Medical Mile", "paragraph_text": "Grand Rapids Medical Mile is a designated area within the city of Grand Rapids, Michigan. It began with medical-related development in the Hillside District Grand Rapids, Michigan, bordering both sides of Michigan Street. More than a decade later it encompasses an area five times larger. It has also been referred to as Grand Rapids Medical Corridor, Michigan Street Medical Corridor, Health Hill, Medical Hill, and Pill Hill, among other names. It was started in 1996 with the founding of Van Andel Institute by Jay and Betty Van Andel. It has since expanded to include the Grand Rapids Community College's Calkins Science Center across Bostwick Avenue, Spectrum Health's Butterworth Hospital complex, Grand Valley State University's Cook-DeVos Center for Health Sciences, and Michigan State University Secchia Center Medical School, among other facilities in the area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jeffrey Trent", "paragraph_text": "Jeffrey M. Trent is the founding president and director of the Translational Genomics Research Institute. He has been Vice President and Research Director of the Van Andel Institute since 2009. He was the founding director of NIH's National Human Genome Research Institute in 1993.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jay Van Andel", "paragraph_text": "Jay Van Andel (June 3, 1924 \u2013 December 7, 2004) was an American businessman, best known as co-founder of the Amway Corporation, along with Richard DeVos.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7fc8d05542992e7d278d86", "question_text": "Which Air Force member was behind enemy lines for 11 1/2 days and had the largest,longest and most complex rescue mission?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Lieutenant Colonel Iceal E. \"Gene\" Hambleton"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Iceal Hambleton", "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant Colonel Iceal E. \"Gene\" Hambleton, USAF (November 16, 1918 \u2013 September 19, 2004) was a United States Air Force navigator and electronic warfare officer who was shot down over South Vietnam during the 1972 Easter Offensive. He was aboard an EB-66 aircraft whose call sign was Bat 21. As the ranking navigator/EWO on the aircraft, he was seated immediately behind the pilot, giving him the call sign \"Bat 21 Bravo\". He survived for 11\u00bd days behind enemy lines until he was retrieved in a daring ground operation. His rescue was the longest and most costly search and rescue mission during the Vietnam War. He received the Silver Star, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal and a Purple Heart for his actions during this mission.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Behind Enemy Lines II: Axis of Evil", "paragraph_text": "Behind Enemy Lines II: Axis of Evil is a 2006 American war film and the sequel to \"Behind Enemy Lines\". The film was written and directed by James Dodson, starring Nicholas Gonzalez, Matt Bushell, Keith David, Denis Arndt, Ben Cross, Bruce McGill and Peter Coyote. Justifying its title, the film follows the first part, and was released direct-to-video on October 17, 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Escape and evasion map", "paragraph_text": "Evasion charts, are maps made for servicemembers to be used when caught behind enemy lines to perform escape and evasion, escape maps were secreted to prisoners of war by various means to aid in escape attempts. During World War II, these maps were used by many American, British, and allied servicemen to escape from behind enemy lines. \"The Allies needed to be able to print their clandestine maps on a material that would be hardier than paper -- material that wouldn't tear or dissolve in water\" Modern evasion charts, produced for the US, UK, and NATO printed on vinyl sheet in the 1960s and currently of Tyvek 'paper', permit printing of minute detail while remaining waterproof and tear-resistant.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Operation Halyard", "paragraph_text": "Operation Halyard (or Halyard Mission), known in Serbian as Operation Air Bridge (Serbian: \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442 ), was an Allied airlift operation behind enemy lines during World War II. In July 1944, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) drew up plans to send a team to Chetniks led by General Dra\u017ea Mihailovi\u0107 in the German-occupied Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia for the purpose of evacuating Allied airmen shot down over that area. This team, known as the Halyard team, was commanded by Lieutenant George Musulin, along with Master Sergeant Michael Rajacich, and Specialist Arthur Jibilian, the radio operator. The team was detailed to the United States Fifteenth Air Force and designated as the 1st Air Crew Rescue Unit. It was the largest rescue operation of American Airmen in history. According to historian Professor Jozo Tomasevich, a report submitted to the OSS showed that 417 Allied airmen who had been downed over occupied Yugoslavia were rescued by Mihailovi\u0107's Chetniks, and airlifted out by the Fifteenth Air Force. According to Lt. Cmdr. Richard M. Kelly (OSS) grand total of 432 U.S. and 80 Allied personnel were airlifted during the Halyard Mission.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Special reconnaissance", "paragraph_text": "Special reconnaissance (SR) is conducted by small units of highly trained military personnel, usually from special forces units or military intelligence organizations, who operate behind enemy lines, avoiding direct combat and detection by the enemy. As a role, SR is distinct from commando operations, but both are often carried out by the same units. The SR role frequently includes covert direction of air and missile attacks, in areas deep behind enemy lines, placement of remotely monitored sensors and preparations for other special forces. Like other special forces, SR units may also carry out direct action (DA) and unconventional warfare (UW), including guerrilla operations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Daniel J. Miller", "paragraph_text": "Colonel Daniel J. Miller was born in Stony Point, New York. He enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II and served in the 826th Bombardment Squadron as a navigator in a B-24 Liberator. During the Korean War, he flew various aircraft, including the F-86 Sabre jet fighter. In the late Korean War and throughout the Vietnam War, he flew helicopter rescue missions. He was awarded the Silver Star during the Korean War in the 3rd Rescue Squadron. He braved heavy enemy fire in low visibility to rescue USMC Major Frank H. Presley. Immediately after rescuing Presley, his P-51 fighter escort was shot down, and he once again braved the fire to attempt to rescue USAF Captain Willis R. Brown, but Brown had failed to eject and had perished. In addition, he was also awarded the Cheney Award for a rescue in February 1951, when he rescued six wounded soldiers behind enemy lines in three attempts despite snow and enemy fire. During Vietnam, he flew rescue missions and commanded a light reconnaissance squadron, the 19th Tactical Air Support Squadron.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Behind Enemy Lines (2001 film)", "paragraph_text": "Behind Enemy Lines is a 2001 American war film directed by John Moore in his directorial debut, and starring Owen Wilson and Gene Hackman. The film tells the story of Lieutenant Chris Burnett, an American naval flight officer who is shot down over Bosnia and uncovers genocide during the Bosnian War. Meanwhile, his commanding officer is struggling to gain approval to launch a combat search and rescue mission to save Burnett. The plot is loosely based on the 1995 Mrkonji\u0107 Grad incident that occurred during the war.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Behind Enemy Lines (film series)", "paragraph_text": "The \"Behind Enemy Lines\" series is a series of war films beginning with \"Behind Enemy Lines\" in 2001, followed by films in 2006, 2009 and 2014. All four films feature the United States Armed Forces.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines", "paragraph_text": "SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines is a 2014 American war film directed by Roel Rein\u00e9 and starring Tom Sizemore. It is the fourth installment in the \"Behind Enemy Lines\" series. The film was released on direct-to-video and Blu-ray on April 1, 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rescue of Bat 21 Bravo", "paragraph_text": "The rescue of Bat 21 Bravo, the call sign for Iceal \"Gene\" Hambleton, from behind North Vietnamese lines was the \"largest, longest, and most complex search-and-rescue\" operation during the Vietnam War.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5aba510f5542994dbf0198d6", "question_text": "Yakuza Kiwami is a remake of the first video game in what video game series that is an open world action-adventure beat 'em up video game franchise?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Yakuza"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Yakuza (series)", "paragraph_text": "Yakuza, known in Japan as Ry\u016b ga Gotoku (\u9f8d\u304c\u5982\u304f , \"Like a Dragon\") , is an open world action-adventure beat 'em up video game franchise created, owned and published by Sega. The series originated from Toshihiro Nagoshi's desire to create a game that would tell the way of life of the \"yakuza\". Nagoshi initially struggled to find a platform for the project, until Sony showed interest in the prospect.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Double Dragon (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Double Dragon (Japanese: <ruby ><rb>\u53cc\u622a\u9f8d</rb><rp> (</rp><rt >\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30c9\u30e9\u30b4\u30f3</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> , Hepburn: Daburu Doragon ) is a 1987 beat 'em up video game developed by Techn\u014ds Japan and distributed in North America and Europe by Taito. The game is a spiritual and technological successor to Technos' earlier beat 'em up, \"Nekketsu K\u014dha Kunio-kun\" (released outside of Japan by Taito as \"Renegade\"), but introduced several additions such as two-player cooperative gameplay and the ability to arm oneself with an enemy's weapon after disarming them. \"Double Dragon\" is considered to be one of the first successful examples of the genre, resulting in the creation of two arcade sequels and several spinoffs, as well as inspiring other companies in creating their own beat 'em ups.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Cartoon Network: Battle Crashers", "paragraph_text": "Cartoon Network: Battle Crashers is a side-scrolling beat 'em up video game developed by French studio Magic Pockets and published by GameMill Entertainment. It was released for Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, on 8 November 2016. The game received extremely negative reviews from several video game journalists, who panned it as a repetitive and boring beat 'em up with bland representations of otherwise unique characters. A port for the Nintendo Switch will be released on 14 November 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gekido", "paragraph_text": "Gekido: Urban Fighters is a beat 'em up video game for the PlayStation console, created by Italian studio Naps Team. The game uses a fast paced beat 'em up system, with many bosses and a colorful design in terms of graphics. The game features the music of Fatboy Slim and Apartment 26. Marvel comic book artist Joe Madureira also contributed. Versions of \"Gekido\" were also planned for the Game Boy Color and N-Gage but were never released. It was later followed by a GBA spin-off called \"\". A second sequel had been announced, entitled \"Gekido: The Dark Angel\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Beat 'Em &amp; Eat 'Em", "paragraph_text": "Beat 'Em and Eat 'Em is an erotic pornographic video game for the Atari 2600 by Mystique in 1982. Distribution was handled by American Multiple Industries until distribution changed to Game Source. Players control two nude women; the goal is to catch sperm falling from a masturbating man on a rooftop without missing. Its gameplay has been compared to the Atari game \"Kaboom! \". There is also a gender-reversed version of the game titled Philly Flasher that features identical gameplay. \"Beat 'Em & Eat 'Em\" has received negative reception since its release and is an oft-cited example of pornographic Atari 2600 games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Yakuza Kiwami 2", "paragraph_text": "Ry\u016b ga Gotoku: Kiwami 2 (unofficially known as Yakuza Kiwami 2) is an action-adventure video game developed and published by Sega. It is a remake of the 2006 video game \"Yakuza 2\", and is the series' second remake title following 2016's \"Yakuza Kiwami\". It is being developed using the Dragon game engine from \"Yakuza 6\". The game is set to be released for PlayStation 4 on December 7, 2017 in Japan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Yakuza Kiwami", "paragraph_text": "Yakuza Kiwami is a 2016 action-adventure game developed by Sega for the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4. It is a remake of \"Yakuza\", the first video game in the \"Yakuza\" series. Similarly to \"Yakuza 0\", the prequel installment before it, \"Yakuza Kiwami\" was released exclusively on PlayStation 4 in Europe and North America in August 2017. A \"Kiwami\" remake of \"Yakuza 2\" is set for a Japanese release in December 2017.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Die Hard Arcade", "paragraph_text": "Die Hard Arcade, known in Japan as Dynamite Deka (\u30c0\u30a4\u30ca\u30de\u30a4\u30c8\u5211\u4e8b , Dainamaito Deka , lit. \"Dynamite Detective\") is a beat 'em up video game released by Sega. It was the first beat 'em up to use texture-mapped polygonal graphics. An original property in Japan, the game was published outside Japan by Fox Interactive as a licensed product based on the \"Die Hard\" movie franchise. Released in 1996 for arcades, the game was ported to the Sega Saturn in 1997 and the PlayStation 2 (Japan only) in the Sega Ages line in 2006. A sequel, \"Dynamite Cop\", was released for arcades and Dreamcast in 1998 without the \"Die Hard\" license.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Alien vs. Predator (arcade game)", "paragraph_text": "Alien vs. Predator (\u30a8\u30a4\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3VS\u30d7\u30ec\u30c7\u30bf\u30fc) is a beat 'em up video game developed and released by Capcom for the CPS-2 arcade game system in 1994. In the game, the players take control of up to three out of four human and Predator characters in a battle against the Alien hordes and rogue human soldiers. The game was very well received by the public and by media publications, becoming a classic title for many fans of the beat 'em up genre, but was never ported to any home system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Yakuza 5", "paragraph_text": "Yakuza 5 (Japanese: \u9f8d\u304c\u5982\u304f5 \u5922\u3001\u53f6\u3048\u3057\u8005 , Hepburn: Ry\u016b ga Gotoku 5: Yume Kanaeshi Mono , \"Like a Dragon 5: Fulfiller of Dreams\") , is a 2012 open world action-adventure video game developed and published by Sega for the PlayStation 3. The game is the fifth main entry in the \"Yakuza\" series of action-adventure games. The game was released in December 2012 in Japan, and localized for North America, Europe and Australia as a PlayStation Network download exclusive in December 2015. The game features a new graphics engine, unlike previous PS3 games in the series that have been re-utilizing the same engine since \"Ry\u016b ga Gotoku Kenzan! \". For the first time in the series, it features five settings across Japan along with five playable main characters. This game is also the first in the series to have a digital only release in the West.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5add57e55542992ae4cec516", "question_text": "The scunthorpe telegraph and the Grimsby Telegraph used to service Scunthorpe which is in what country?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["England"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Boston United F.C.", "paragraph_text": "Boston United Football Club is an English football club based in Boston, Lincolnshire. The club participates in the National League North, the sixth tier of English football. The club is known as 'the Pilgrims' in reference to the Pilgrim Fathers, who left England and sailed to North America and founded Boston, Massachusetts. The club's crest, the pilgrim fathers' ship 'The Mayflower', is also a reference to them. The club's traditional colours are amber and black. Boston's neighbours include Lincoln City, Scunthorpe United and Grimsby Town. The club is one of only 12 in the country to run a Centre of Excellence, provides a Study Support Centre and is also the basis of the 'Boston United Football in the Community Scheme'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jimmy Neil", "paragraph_text": "James Neil (born 28 February 1976) is an English former professional footballer who played in the English Football League between 1994 and 1999, and played on the right side of midfield. He could also be used at right back. During his career he played for Grimsby Town, Scunthorpe United and Grantham Town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Pacific Bell", "paragraph_text": "Pacific Bell Telephone Company (Pacific Bell) provides telephone service in California. The company is owned by AT&T Inc. through AT&T Teleholdings. The company has been known by a number of names during which its service area has changed. The formal name of the company from the 1910s through the 1984 Bell System divestiture was The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company. As of 2002, the name \u201cPacific Bell\u201d is no longer commonly used.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Scunthorpe Telegraph", "paragraph_text": "The Scunthorpe Telegraph is a local paid-for newspaper published and distributed weekly in Scunthorpe, England. It was launched on 8 September 1937. Prior to the \"Scunthorpe Telegraph\"' s launch, the town was served by the \"Grimsby Evening Telegraph\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Reid Newfoundland Company", "paragraph_text": "The Reid Newfoundland Company was incorporated in September 1901 and was the operator of the Newfoundland Railway across the island from 1901 to 1923. For a time it was the largest landowner in the country. The company was founded by Sir Robert Gillespie Reid of Scotland, a businessman who had interests in the development of the Pulp and paper industry and mining industry. The company was also the owner and operator of the coastal boat service, known as the Alphabet Fleet, the telegraph line and the electrical service in St. John's.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pavel Schilling", "paragraph_text": "Baron Pavel L'vovitch Schilling, also known as Paul Schilling (5 April 1786, Reval (now, Tallinn), Russian empire \u2013 St. Petersburg, Russia, 25 July 1837), was a diplomat of Baltic German origin employed in the service of Russia in Germany, and who built a pioneering electrical telegraph. It consisted of a single needle system which used a telegraph code to indicate the characters in a message.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Telconia", "paragraph_text": "CS \"Telconia\" was an English cable ship used in the early 20th century to lay and repair submarine communications cables. It was built in 1909 by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson for the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company (a subsidiary of the Atlantic Telegraph Company) and remained in service until late 1934.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Grimsby Telegraph", "paragraph_text": "The Grimsby Telegraph is a daily British regional newspaper for the town of Grimsby and the surrounding area that makes up North East Lincolnshire including the rural towns of Market Rasen and Louth. The main area for the paper's distribution is in or around Grimsby and Cleethorpes. It is published six days a week (daily except Sundays) with a free sister paper (\"Grimsby Target\") being published once per week.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Telecommunications in China", "paragraph_text": "The People's Republic of China possesses a diversified communications system that links all parts of the country by Internet, telephone, telegraph, radio, and television. The country is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to foreign countries. Fiber to the x infrastructure has been expanded rapidly in recent years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rugby Radio Station", "paragraph_text": "Rugby Radio Station was a radio transmission facility at Hillmorton near the town of Rugby, Warwickshire in England, situated just west of the A5 trunk road and in later years junction 18 of the M1 motorway. Its large very low frequency (VLF) transmitter came into service on 1 January 1926 and was originally used to transmit telegraph messages to the Commonwealth as part of the Imperial Wireless Chain. After the 1950s this transmitter, active as callsign GBR on 16.0\u00a0kHz, using Morse code and later on 15.975\u00a0kHz with frequency-shift keying FSK and minimum-shift keying MSK, was used for transmitting messages to submerged submarines. Criggion radio station acted as a reserve. The GBR transmitter was shut down on 1 April 2003 and was replaced by a new one at the Skelton transmitting station.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a90945755429933b8a2056c", "question_text": "John Constantine Williams, Sr was cofounder of a Florida city located in what county?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Pinellas County"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike", "paragraph_text": "The Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (HEFT), designated as State Road 821 (SR 821) and the Ronald Reagan Turnpike, is the southern extension of Florida's Turnpike, a toll road in Florida operated by Florida's Turnpike Enterprise (FTE). Spanning approximately 48 mi along a north-south axis, it supplements the 265 mi \"mainline\" (designated as SR 91) to form the complete 309 mi turnpike. The extension begins at its southern terminus at US Highway 1 (US 1) in Florida City, and transitions into the SR 91 mainline in Miramar at its northern end. Despite their designations as different state roads, the mainline and the extension are continuous in their exit numbering.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Florida City, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Florida City is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States and is the southernmost municipality in the South Florida metropolitan area. Florida City is primarily a Miami suburb and a major agricultural area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Florida State Road 9336", "paragraph_text": "State Road 9336 (SR 9336), also known in parts as the Ingraham Highway, Tower Road and West Palm Drive, is an 8.75 mi two- to four-lane road in Miami-Dade County, in the U.S. state of Florida. The route is the only signed four-digit state road in Florida. The route connects US 1, and the Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike by proxy, in Florida City with the Everglades National Park, acting as the park's primary mode of entry. The road continues on from its western terminus at the national park's entrance as Main Park Road for another 39.3 mi , providing access to many of the park's facilities and the ghost town of Flamingo, in Monroe County, at its western end.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "St. Petersburg, Florida", "paragraph_text": "St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat (the city of Clearwater is the seat of Pinellas County).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Florida State Road 366", "paragraph_text": "State Road 366 (SR 366) is a short east\u2013west route in Tallahassee between US 27 and SR 20. It is primarily known as Pensacola Street throughout its path, due to its generally westward course toward the Florida city of Pensacola, although an eastbound section is known as St. Augustine Road, heading toward St. Augustine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Conch Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Conch Republic is a micronation declared as a tongue-in-cheek secession of the city of Key West, Florida, from the United States on April 23, 1982. It has been maintained as a tourism booster for the city since. Since then, the term \"Conch Republic\" has been expanded to refer to \"all of the Florida Keys, or, that geographic apportionment of land that falls within the legally defined boundaries of Monroe County, Florida, northward to 'Skeeter's Last Chance Saloon' in Florida City, Dade County, Florida, with Key West as the nation's capital and all territories north of Key West being referred to as 'The Northern Territories'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John Constantine Williams Sr.", "paragraph_text": "John Constantine Williams, Sr. (died 1892) was the cofounder of St. Petersburg, Florida. Williams Park is named for him.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Florida's Turnpike", "paragraph_text": "Florida's Turnpike, designated as State Road 91 (SR 91) and the Ronald Reagan Turnpike, is a toll road in Florida, maintained by Florida's Turnpike Enterprise (FTE). Spanning approximately 309 mi along a north\u2013south axis, the turnpike is in two sections. The SR 91 mainline runs roughly 265 mi , from its southern terminus at an interchange with Interstate 95 (I-95) in Miami Gardens to an interchange with I-75 in Wildwood at its northern terminus. The Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (abbreviated HEFT and designated as SR 821) continues from the southern end of the mainline for another 48 mi to US Highway 1 (US 1) in Florida City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Williams Park", "paragraph_text": "Williams Park is a park located in St. Petersburg, Florida. It is the city's first park and encompasses an entire city block between 4th and 3rd Streets North and between 2nd and 1st Avenues North. Founded in 1888 and originally named \"City Park,\" it was changed to Williams Park in honor of the founder of St. Petersburg, John Constantine Williams Sr..", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Florida State Road 997", "paragraph_text": "State Road 997 (SR 997), also known as Krome Avenue and West 177th Avenue is a 36.7 mi north\u2013south state highway in western Miami-Dade County, Florida. It runs from U.S. Route 1 just south of Florida City north across U.S. Route 41 to U.S. Route 27 near Countyline Dragway (formerly Opa-locka West Airport), just south of the Broward County line. Its main use is as a bypass around the western side of Miami, linking the routes that run southwest, west and northwest from that city. The road passes through newer suburbs in the southern third of its length, while the northern two thirds of the highway traverse the eastern edge of the Everglades.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae48d1755429913cc204499", "question_text": "Which actor in The Lieutenant Wears Skirts is named Samuel?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Tom Ewell"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Inspector Wears Skirts", "paragraph_text": "The Inspector Wears Skirts () is a 1988 Hong Kong martial arts-action comedy produced by Jackie Chan, directed by Wellson Chin Sing-Wai and starring Sibelle Hu, Ellen Chan and Sandra Ng. In common with many other Hong Kong films \"The Inspector Wears Skirts\" moves from genre to genre. Technically it is an action film with a high level of kung fu fighting, but it is also a romantic comedy that relies on slap-stick.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Welcome Home (2006 film)", "paragraph_text": "Welcome Home (Spanish: \"Bienvenido a Casa\" ) is a 2006 film written and directed by Spanish director David Trueba, about a young Madrid journalist named Samuel and his girlfriend Eva.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Samuel Gardner House", "paragraph_text": "The Samuel Gardner House is a historic colonial American house at 1035 Gardner's Neck Road in Swansea, Massachusetts. This 1-1/2 story wood frame gambrel-roofed house was built c. 1768 by Samuel Gardner, whose father (also named Samuel) was the first English colonist to settle Gardner's Neck after its purchase from local Native Americans. It is a well-preserved 18th century farmhouse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Tom Ewell", "paragraph_text": "Tom Ewell (born Samuel Yewell Tompkins, April 29, 1909 \u2013 September 12, 1994) was an American film, stage and television actor, and producer.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Samuel Blair (pastor)", "paragraph_text": "Samuel Blair (June 14, 1712 \u2013 July 5, 1751) was one of the leaders of the Presbyterian New Light religious movement that swept the North American colonies as part of the First Great Awakening. In 1739, he founded a theology school, Faggs Manor Classical School, near his church in Faggs Manor, Pennsylvania. Blair's son, also named Samuel Blair was born in Faggs Manor, and became the second Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives. The church was rebuilt in 1846 and is now known simply as the Faggs Manor Presbyterian Church.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Woods Runner", "paragraph_text": "Woods Runner is a 2010 young adult novel by Gary Paulsen that takes place during the year 1776. It is about a 13-year-old boy named Samuel living during the Revolutionary War whose house is burnt down by British soldiers. When Samuel investigates the scene of devastation, he finds dead bodies, but none of the bodies were his parents. The parents were not killed because one of the officer wanted somebody to play with in chess.Samuel starts a journey to find his parents in New York but gets hit in the head with a tomahawk and with the help of rebels is healed. Before Samuel finds his parents and is able to save them with the help of a man named Abner he saves a little girl named Annie and takes her with him on his journey. Samuel's family then adopts Annie as their own daughter. The novel ends by saying that Samuel decided to go to war but returned home after a man who had helped him earlier died.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Malinda Blalock", "paragraph_text": "Sarah Malinda Pritchard Blalock (March 10, 1839 or 1842, Avery County, North Carolina \u2013 March 9, 1901 or 1903, Watauga County, North Carolina) was a female soldier during the American Civil War. Despite originally being a sympathizer for the right of secession, she fought bravely on both sides. She followed her husband by joining the CSA's 26th North Carolina Regiment, disguising herself as a young male soldier named Samuel Blalock. The couple eventually escaped by crossing Confederate lines and joining the Union partisans in the mountains of western North Carolina. During the last years of the war, she was a pitiless pro-Union marauder, tormenting the Appalachia region. Today she's one of the most remembered female combatants of the Civil War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Lieutenant Wore Skirts", "paragraph_text": "The Lieutenant Wore Skirts is a 1956 comedy film directed by Frank Tashlin and starring Tom Ewell, Sheree North, and Rita Moreno. It is a comedy about a man whose marriage begins to fail when his wife gets drafted.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Boston Beer Company", "paragraph_text": "The Boston Beer Company is a brewer founded in 1984. Boston Beer Company's first brand of beer was named Samuel Adams (often shortened to Sam Adams) after Founding Father Samuel Adams, an American revolutionary patriot. The company launched Angry Orchard brand hard ciders in 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Daredevil: Chinatown", "paragraph_text": "\"Daredevil:Chinatown\" is a five-issue \"Daredevil\" story arc under the All-New, All-Different Marvel title' which was Written by Charles Soule, with art by Ron Garney. This series was collected in late 2015 and ended mid 2016. The story is split into 5 issues detailing Daredevil's return to New York in a new mostly black costume after he had erased the knowledge of his secret identity from everyone on the planet and taking in a new apprentice named Samuel Chung who takes on the identity Blindspot, and their fight against a new enemy called Tenfingers.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a71674f5542994082a3e819", "question_text": "When was the magazine Sam Duckworth got his name Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly from launched?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["January 2004"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jason Perry (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Jason Perry (born 29 December 1969) is a Grammy award-winning English record producer and singer/songwriter. He is the lead vocalist of the Suffolk based band \u2019A\u2019. He has an identical twin brother, Adam, and an older brother, Giles, both of whom are also members of the band. Recently, Perry has produced albums by Greywind, Fatherson, Don Broco, Molotov, McBusted, Matthew P, Ivyrise, The Blackout, Kids in Glass Houses, Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly, Futures, Matt Willis and McFly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly / Dave House", "paragraph_text": "Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly/Dave House is a split EP between featuring Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly and Dave House. Each artist contributed one of their own songs, as well as a cover of one of their counterpart's songs. It was released in a limited pressing of 500 on 10\" white vinyl, and was a joint release by each artist's respective record label. This record became the first part in the Gravity DIP split 10\" series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly", "paragraph_text": "Sam Duckworth is an English musician who performs as Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly. He is sometimes referred to as Get Cape, Cape, GCWCF and Slam Dunkworth (the latter title apparently first coined by Emmy The Great). According to Duckworth, his original stage name came from Retro Gamer magazine, from an article about superhero games such as \"Batman\" containing the heading \"Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly\". In addition to the Get Cape name, and his given name, Duckworth has released music under the moniker Recreations.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Retro Gamer", "paragraph_text": "Retro Gamer is a British magazine, published worldwide, covering retro video games. It was the first commercial magazine to be devoted entirely to the subject. Although launched in January 2004 as a quarterly publication, \"Retro Gamer\" soon became a monthly. In 2005, a general decline in gaming and computer magazine readership led to the closure of its publishers, Live Publishing, although the rights to the magazine were later purchased by Imagine Publishing. It was taken over by Future Publishing on 21 October 2016, following Future's acquisition of Imagine Publishing and its print portfolio.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly (album)", "paragraph_text": "Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly is the self-titled third album by Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly. It was released on 13 September 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Searching for the Hows and Whys", "paragraph_text": "Searching for the Hows and Whys is the second album by Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly. It was released on 10 March 2008. The record was co-produced by Sam Duckworth and Nitin Sawhney. \"Waiting for the Monster to Drown\" was released as a free download via Get Cape's official website and Myspace on 7 December 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "London Royal", "paragraph_text": "London Royal is the fifth and final studio album from English singer/songwriter Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly released on September 12, 2014 on Alcopop! Records. It was released on the same day as final the Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly gig at The Forum, London.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mikey Glenister", "paragraph_text": "Mikey Glenister is an author and musician from Southend, Essex, who was born on 20 September 1984. He plays trumpet, cornet and drums. His biggest client is Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Chronicles of a Bohemian Teenager", "paragraph_text": "The Chronicles of a Bohemian Teenager is the first album by the singer-songwriter Sam Duckworth, \"alias\" Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly. Recorded mostly in his bedroom studio in Essex, it was released on 18 September 2006 on Atlantic Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly (EP)", "paragraph_text": "Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly is the debut EP of Sam Duckworth, who performs under the name Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly. It was released in tandem with a video for \"Whitewash is Brainwash\", which sees Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly travelling around on the London Underground and performing a secret show in Bank Tube Station.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae7e1fc55429952e35ea9cc", "question_text": "What color clothing do people of the Netherlands wear during Oranjegekte or to celebrate the national holiday Koningsdag? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["orange"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Eighth (United States)", "paragraph_text": "The Eighth was a federal holiday in the United States from 1828 until 1861. It honored the Battle of New Orleans, which took place on January 8, 1815, with Tennessee's Andrew Jackson leading a successful battle against regular British soldiers and freed slaves. The holiday was celebrated widely across the US South after this final battle in the War of 1812. \"The Eighth\" became an official national holiday in 1828, following Jackson's election as President. The Eighth continued as an official national holiday from 1828 until the advent of the American Civil War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Children's Day (Japan)", "paragraph_text": "Children's Day (\u3053\u3069\u3082\u306e\u65e5 , Kodomo no Hi ) is a Japanese national holiday which takes place annually on May 5, the fifth day of the fifth month, and is the final celebration in Golden Week. It is a day set aside to respect children's personalities and to celebrate their happiness. It was designated a national holiday by the Japanese government in 1948. It has been a day of celebration in Japan since ancient times.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Koningsdag", "paragraph_text": "Koningsdag (] ) or King's Day is a national holiday in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Celebrated on 27 April (26 April if the 27th is a Sunday), the date marks the birth of King Willem-Alexander.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "White Sunday", "paragraph_text": "White Sunday is a national holiday in Samoa falling on the second Sunday of October, with the Monday following a public holiday. It is a day for parents and communities to acknowledge and celebrate childhood by hosting special programs during church services which include scriptural recitations. Biblical story reenactments, and creative dance performances. Children receive gifts (often new clothing and/or school supplies) on White Sunday and are allowed privileges normally reserved for elders, such as being the first to be served food at family meal time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Oranjegekte", "paragraph_text": "Oranjegekte (Orange craze) or Oranjekoorts (Orange fever) is a phenomenon in the Netherlands that occurs during major sporting events, especially international football championships, and during Koningsdag, an annual holiday celebrating the king's birthday. It manifests itself in the wearing of orange clothing such as T-shirts, caps and scarfs; lavish attention for sports and sports fans in the media; and the decoration of cars, rooms, houses, shops, and even entire streets in orange, the traditional color of the Dutch royal family, the House of Orange-Nassau.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Queen's Day (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "Queen's Day or \"Koninginnedag\" is the former name of a national holiday in the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba from 1890 to 2013. It has since been renamed King's Day or \"Koningsdag\" to honor the birthday of King Willem-Alexander.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Garifuna Settlement Day", "paragraph_text": "Garifuna Settlement Day is a public holiday in Belize, celebrated each year on November 19. The holiday was created by Belizean civil rights activist, Thomas Vincent Ramos, in 1941. It was recognized as a public holiday in the southern districts of Belize in 1943, and declared a national holiday in 1977. The holiday celebrates the settlement of the Garifuna people in Belize after being exiled from the Grenadines by the British army. The major festivities for the holiday occur in the town of Dangriga, including parades, street music, and traditional dancing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day", "paragraph_text": "Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day (French: \"F\u00eate de la Saint-Jean-Baptiste\" ), officially known in Quebec as the National Holiday, (French: \"la f\u00eate nationale\" ) is a holiday celebrated annually on June 24, the feast day of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist. In Quebec, it is a public holiday with festivities occurring on June 23 and 24 which are publicly financed and organized by a \"Comit\u00e9 organisateur de la f\u00eate nationale\" (National Holiday Organizing Committee). June 24 is also celebrated as a festival of French Canadian culture in other Canadian provinces and the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jounen Kw\u00e9y\u00f2l", "paragraph_text": "Jounen Kw\u00e9y\u00f2l (Creole Day) is celebrated in Saint Lucia on the last Sunday of October across the entire island, and has been held annually since 1984. On the Sunday of this week, the various towns chosen to host this festival put out the result of their grand preparations; local dishes and foods such as roast breadfruit, Green Fig and Salt Fish (The National Dish of Saint Lucia), plantain, king fish, Manicou (opossum), Souse (a soup made with pork and often cucumber), fried bake and floats, Accra (a fried dough which contains salt fish), Paime (otherwise known as Conkies) and a famous dish known as Bouillon (fish, chicken or meat stewed with dasheen, yams, plantains, banana and dumplings) Also local drinks such as Cocoa Tea, Golden Apple Juice, Guava Juice and more. Apart from the food part, the event is collaborated with kweyol music some of which have been past down to and from many generations. The most widely used instrument besides vocals are the Tambos (drums) and are beaten throughout as people speak in the creole language and have a merry time. Most people commemorate this day by wearing the island's National Wear such as the Wob Dwiete. Persons who do not want to wear the extreme layers of skirts and dresses make clothing out of special plaid material called Madras which is one of the cloths used in the national wear. Among the places which celebrate it every year are Mon Repos and Dennery.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Christmas in the Basque Country", "paragraph_text": "Christmas in the Basque Country starts with the of Santo Tomas on 21 December, a celebration in which most people go out onto the streets to dance and eat talo with txistorra (a type of Basque chorizo). They wear a traditional outfit called the casera dress. For girls it consists of a long skirt and a long-sleeved old-fashioned shirt with headscarves and aprons. The boys wear a long black shirt, trousers and txapela (traditional black beret). The casera outfits are normally dark blue, but can come in many colors. They wear caseras because that is what the people of the mountain wear and the holiday used to celebrate the peasants who sold their goods in town and came on Santo Tomas to pay rent to landlords in the city.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abc6d14554299700f9d78bf", "question_text": "What type of building does Jim Bartels and \u02bbIolani Palace have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["museum"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jim Bartels", "paragraph_text": "Henry James \"Jim\" Nape Bartels (July 25, 1945 \u2013 April 20, 2003) was a Hawaiian museum curator and historian, who was the curator of \u02bbIolani Palace and later Washington Place.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Building typology", "paragraph_text": "Building typology refers to the study and documentation of a set of buildings which have similarities in their type of function or form. There are two ways of looking at the term \"building typology\". The first is a functional typology that categorizes buildings into groups by the similarity of their use. A functional building typology under this definition may create groups such as hospitals, schools, and shopping centers (see more examples in the list of building types by use). The second is a typology that groups buildings according to their forms, which is explained is this article. Formal building typology may be based on configuration, format, or relationships of building to streets and each other. Any single functional type can be subdivided into formal types. For example, the residential functional type may be further subdivided into formal categories such as high rise towers, single family homes, duplexes, and townhouses. The townhouse building is one formal type that has a specific configuration: single units are placed side-by-side with others, vertically oriented up to four stories tall, and facing the street. Many more variations of this formal type are found around the world, each with variations that are the result of local materials, cultural habits, age and technology. Documenting a type is the process of discovering the elements of similar forms which are the same. Usually building types are distinguished by their basic form, site configuration, and scale, but not their specific architectural style, color, or even precise use.and are related to the era, the culture, and the environment in which they arise.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "\u02bbIolani Palace", "paragraph_text": "The \u02bb Iolani Palace was the royal residence of the rulers of the Kingdom of Hawaii beginning with Kamehameha III under the Kamehameha Dynasty (1845) and ending with Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani (1893) under the Kal\u0101kaua Dynasty, founded by her brother, King David Kal\u0101kaua. It is located in the capitol district of downtown Honolulu in the U.S. state of Hawai\u02bb i. It is now a National Historic Landmark listed on the National Register of Historic Places. After the monarchy was overthrown in 1893, the building was used as the capitol building for the Provisional Government, Republic, Territory, and State of Hawai\u02bb i until 1969. The palace was restored and opened to the public as a museum in 1978. The 'Iolani Palace is the only royal palace on US soil.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "\u0160koda Palace", "paragraph_text": "\u0160koda Palace is the current site of the Prague Town Hall. The late Art Deco building in Jungmannova Street was built in 1929 for the \u0160koda company using a design by the prominent architect Pavel Jan\u00e1k (Adria Palace, Czernin Palace). The adjacent office building in Charv\u00e1tova Street dates back to 1937. Even today, both buildings still satisfy the strictest requirements thanks to their flexible arrangement of office and common space within the buildings. The buildings are accessible through several entrances, which allows the interiors to be easily divided into independent sections. The Palace served as the headquarters of the \u010cEZ Energy Group from 1994 to 2004.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "German submarine U-139 (1940)", "paragraph_text": "German submarine \"U-139\" was a Type IID U-boat of Nazi Germany's \"Kriegsmarine\" during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 20 November 1939 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 268. She was launched on 28 July 1940 and commissioned on 24 July 1940 with \"Kapit\u00e4nleutnant\" Robert Bartels in command.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Guitar and Lute Workshop", "paragraph_text": "The Guitar and Lute Workshop (GLW) was a manufacturer of custom guitars, ukuleles, and period stringed instruments based in Honolulu, Hawaii between 1970 and 1976. The workshop was known primarily for the talented luthiers employed in either construction of guitars, or the musicians that taught at the workshop or that used guitars made at the workshop. Additionally, an independent piano restoration and tuning business operated above the workshop floor and studios for at least two years. The GLW was notable as a nexus of activity supporting native Hawaiian musical cultural discovery during the Second Hawaiian Renaissance of the 1970s, with key Hawaiian musicians such as Keola Beamer and Kapono Beamer gaining starts in their careers at the GLW, as well as musical instrument restoration for instruments of Hawaiian royalty (of the Kingdom of Hawaii), now curated by \u02bbIolani Palace. Additionally, the GLW's focus on traditional period stringed instruments was, in part, responsible for the resurgent interest in the viol and traditional luthierie methods within the western United States in the early 1970s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Grandmaster's Palace (Valletta)", "paragraph_text": "The Grandmaster's Palace (Maltese: \"Il-Palazz tal-Granmastru\" ), officially known as The Palace (Maltese: \"Il-Palazz\" ), is a palace in Valletta, Malta. It was built between the 16th and 18th centuries as the palace of the Grand Master of the Order of St. John, who ruled Malta, and was also known as the Magisterial Palace (Maltese: \"Palazz Ma\u0121isterjali\" ). It eventually became the Governor's Palace (Maltese: \"Palazz tal-Gvernatur\" ), and it currently houses the Office of the President of Malta. Parts of the building, namely the Palace State Rooms and the Palace Armoury, are open to the public as a museum run by Heritage Malta.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Kathleen S. Bartels", "paragraph_text": "Kathleen S. Bartels is the current director of the Vancouver Art Gallery in Vancouver, BC. Since 2001, Bartels\u2019 direction has guided the Gallery\u2019s growth in its arts programs and exhibitions. She is also leading the Gallery\u2019s current initiative to build a new and expanded building.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "German submarine U-197", "paragraph_text": "German submarine \"U-197\" was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's \"Kriegsmarine\" during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 5 July 1941 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen as yard number 1043. She was launched on 21 May 1942, and commissioned on 10 October under the command of \"Korvettenkapit\u00e4n\" Robert Bartels. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, \"U-197\" was transferred to the 12th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 April 1943.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "General Post Office, Belgrade", "paragraph_text": "Main Post Office Building in Belgrade is located on the corner of Takovska Street and Boulevard of Kralj Aleksandar, close to the National Assembly, the building of the President of Serbia (the building of the New Palace) and the Belgrade City Assembly (the building of the Old Palace). It is one of the most representative buildings of the most important state institution for postal traffic and services. It was constructed in the period from 1935 to 1938 as the palace of the Post Office Savings Bank, the Main Post Office and the Main Telegraph. Since the completion of the work to date, the part of the palace from Takovska Street designed for the work of the Main Post Office has not changed its basic purpose. On the other hand, the part of the palace from Boulevard of Kralj Aleksandar in which the Post Office Savings Bank was located, from 1946 to September 2006, was used to house the National Bank until its relocation to a new facility on Slavija Square. Since 2003, some ministries of the Republic of Serbia were located in this building, and since 2013, it is used by the Constitutional Court of Serbia. The same year, in 2013, the Palace of the Main Post Office was declared a cultural monument.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abc36cc55429959677d6a50", "question_text": "Were both Life magazine and Strictly Slots magazine published monthly in 1998?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Leeds Guide", "paragraph_text": "The Leeds Guide was a monthly \"What's on\" magazine published in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England from 1997 until 2012. It was the longest established 'What's on' magazine for Leeds. Originally a monthly A5 magazine printed in black and white, \"The Leeds Guide\" changed to an A4 fortnightly in 2003 and subsequently went back to being published monthly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Frank Legato", "paragraph_text": "Frank Legato is an American author born in 1956 in Pittsburgh, PA. He is best known for his book \"How to Win Millions Playing Slot Machines...or Lose Trying\". He is also well known for founding and editing \"Casino Gaming\" magazine and writing a monthly humorous column about slot machines for \"Strictly Slots\" magazine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sylph (magazine)", "paragraph_text": "Sylph (\u30b7\u30eb\u30d5 , Shirufu ) is a Japanese sh\u014djo manga magazine published by ASCII Media Works (formerly MediaWorks) and is sold monthly. The magazine was originally published on December 9, 2006 as a special edition version of MediaWorks' now-defunct \"Dengeki Comic Gao! \" under the title \"Comic Sylph\" (\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30b7\u30eb\u30d5 , Komikku Shirufu , normally written as \"comic SYLPH\") as a quarterly publication. On March 21, 2008, with the release of the sixth volume, the magazine was transferred over as a special edition version of ASCII Media Works' sh\u014dnen manga magazine \"Dengeki Daioh\". On May 22, 2008, the magazine became independent of \"Dengeki Daioh\" and was published as volume one of \"Sylph\" as the July 2008 issue as a bimonthly publication. On May 22, 2010, the magazine started to be published monthly. \"Sylph\" is one of the few magazines originally published by MediaWorks not under the \"Dengeki\" naming line, such as with \"Dengeki Daioh\", and \"Dengeki G's Magazine\", the first of which being \"Active Japan\" in 1995 which has been discontinued since 1998.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Strictly Slots", "paragraph_text": "Strictly Slots is a monthly magazine aimed at slot machine and video poker players. The magazine was founded in 1998. Strictly Slots is published by the Casino Player Publishing, which also publishes \"Casino Player\" magazine. The magazine include articles about the following: history of slot machine, the principle of slot machine work, new strategies for playing video poker, casino reviews and latest casino news etc. It features regular articles from notable gambling authors, including:", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Newport Life Magazine", "paragraph_text": "Newport Life Magazine is a lifestyles magazine based in Newport, Rhode Island. Founded in 1993, the magazine is published eight times annually and covers the events, people, history and places of Newport County. Newport Life Magazine is located at 101 Malbone Road in the Newport Daily News building. The magazine is published bi-monthly. Issues include: Jan/Feb, March/April, May/June, July, August, Sept/Oct and Nov/Dec.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dengeki G's Comic", "paragraph_text": "Dengeki G's Comic (\u96fb\u6483G's\u30b3\u30df\u30c3\u30af , Dengeki J\u012bzu Komikku ) is a Japanese seinen manga magazine published by ASCII Media Works. The magazine was first published digitally on August 9, 2012 with volume 0, and started monthly publication with the following issue released on October 15, 2012. From April 2013 to April 2014, the magazine was released biweekly. \"Dengeki G's Comic\" began to be published monthly in print with the June 2014 issue sold on April 30, 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Great Lakes Life Magazine", "paragraph_text": "Great Lakes Life Magazine was a regional magazine that was published in Westfield, New York. It was founded by editor-in-chief and publisher Rena Tran and began publication in February 2008 under the title Erie Life Magazine, but went out of production in 2011. The magazine was available in over 750 retail locations in Pennsylvania, Ohio, western New York, eastern Michigan, and southern Ontario and circulated to over 25,000 readers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sekai (magazine)", "paragraph_text": "Sekai (Japanese: \u4e16\u754c \"World\") is a Japanese monthly political magazine published by Iwanami Shoten, which was founded in December 1945. The first issue was published in 1946. The magazine is published monthly. It has a left-wing or progressive political stance. The magazine's founding principles were \"peace and social justice, freedom and equality, and harmony and solidarity with the peoples of East Asia.\" The headquarters is in Tokyo. Yamaguchi Akio served as an editor of the magazine for a long period.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Manga Life", "paragraph_text": "Manga Life (\u307e\u3093\u304c\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5 , Manga Raifu ) is a manga magazine published monthly by Takeshobo in Japan since the November 1984 issue (published in October 1984). Its original title was Gag da (\u30ae\u30e3\u30b0\u30c0 , Gyagu da ) , and the change to \"Manga Life\" was made to better compete with \"Manga Time\", a rival magazine published by Houbunsha. Most of the series appearing in the magazine use the yonkoma format. The magazine is released monthly on the 17th, though it sometimes appears on shelves slightly before or after that, depending on speed of actual distribution. \"Manga Life\" is published in B5 size, and its Japanese magazine code is 18635.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Life (magazine)", "paragraph_text": "Life was an American magazine that ran weekly from 1883 to 1936 as a humor magazine with limited circulation. \" Time\" owner Henry Luce bought the magazine in 1936, solely so that he could acquire the rights to its name, and launched a major weekly news magazine with a strong emphasis on photojournalism. \"Life\" was published weekly until 1972, as an intermittent \"special\" until 1978, and as a monthly from 1978 to 2000.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abe7f695542993f32c2a12d", "question_text": "What is the focus of the movie in which Nolan North played the role of Superboy?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["focus on young superheroes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Racecourse Ground Promenade", "paragraph_text": "Racecourse Ground Promenade was a cricket ground in Northampton, Northamptonshire, situated within what was Northampton Racecourse. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1844, when the Gentlemen of the North played the Gentlemen of the South. The ground held its only first-class match in 1872 when a United North of England Eleven played a United South of England Eleven. The ground held its final recorded match in 1885 when Northamptonshire played Warwickshire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Frederic North", "paragraph_text": "Frederic Dudley North CMG (9 November 1866 \u2013 22 August 1921) was an English-born public servant and sportsman. A descendant of the Barons North, he attended Rugby School before emigrating to Western Australia in 1886. North played two first-class matches for Western Australia, and was also involved in cricket administration, serving as the first secretary of the Western Australian Cricket Association (WACA). Outside of cricket, North worked as a public servant, filling various roles in the Western Australian government, including secretary to Sir John Forrest, the first Premier of Western Australia, and head Colonial Secretary's Department. He was also Mayor of Cottesloe between 1906 and 1907 and again from 1911 to 1916. North died in Cottesloe from a heart attack in 1921, at the age of 54.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Tyler's Ground", "paragraph_text": "Tyler's Ground (also known as Tyler's Meadow) was a cricket ground in Loughborough, Leicestershire. It is believed the ground was located along Allsop's Lane on the edge of the town, with the ground being described as located a short distance from Loughborough railway station. The first recorded match played at the ground was in 1856, when Loughborough played an All-England Eleven. A single first-class match was played at the ground in 1875, when the North played the South, with W. G. Grace taking nine wickets in the North's first-innings and William Mycroft taking six wickets in the South's first-innings. Grace then took five wickets in the North's second-innings, ending with match figures of 14/108, while Mycroft took eight wickets in the South's second-innings to finish with match figures of 14/38. No batsman passed 26 runs, with the highest innings score being 130 in the North's second-innings. The match ended in a victory by 125 runs for the North. No further matches are recorded as being played at the ground following this date and its location is today agricultural fields.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Eustace North", "paragraph_text": "Eustace Herbert Guest North (4 November 1868 \u2013 17 March 1925) was an English international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Oxford University and Blackheath. North played international rugby for England and was an original member of invitational team, the Barbarians.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Barker's Ground", "paragraph_text": "Barker's Ground was a cricket ground in Leicester, Leicestershire. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1825, when Leicester played Sheffield. The first first-class match came in 1836, when the North played the South; the South won by 218 runs, largely due to Alfred Mynn's two not out innings. The North used the ground for 4 further first-class matches up to 1846, including the ground's final first-class match between the North and the Marylebone Cricket Club. Midland Counties played a single first-class match at Barker's Ground against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1843. The final recorded match on the ground saw Leicestershire play an All-England Eleven in 1860.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "North v South", "paragraph_text": "The North of England and South of England cricket teams appeared in first-class cricket between the 1836 and 1961 seasons, most often in matches against each other but also individually in games against touring teams, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and others. Until international cricket became firmly established towards the end of the 19th century, the North v South match was one of the major fixtures in the cricketing calendar along with Gentlemen v Players. Indeed it was really \"the\" major fixture because whereas the Gentlemen teams were often very weak, North v South could potentially showcase the best 22 players in the country. In all, the North played against the South 155 times in first-class matches.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Young Justice (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Young Justice is an American animated television series created by Brandon Vietti and Greg Weisman for Cartoon Network. Despite its title, it is not a direct adaptation of Peter David, Todd Dezago and Todd Nauck's \"Young Justice\" comic series, but rather an adaptation of the entire DC Universe with a focus on young superheroes.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Gerard Christopher", "paragraph_text": "Gerard Christopher (born Jerry DiNome in New York City on May 11, 1959) is an American actor. He was the second actor to play the role of \"Superboy\" in the series of the same name (1989\u20131992). During his tenure on \"Superboy\" he would later also be a producer and writer on the series. He has performed in a number of telemovies, and was a guest star on daytime soap operas such as \"Days of Our Lives\" and \"Sunset Beach\", and the prime time soap opera \"Melrose Place\". He has also starred in the comedy movie \"Tomboy\" (1985).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nolan North", "paragraph_text": "Nolan Ramsey North (born October 31, 1970) is an American actor and voice actor. His voice work includes characters such as Nathan Drake from the \"Uncharted\" series, Desmond Miles from the \"Assassin's Creed\" video game series, Ghost from Bungie's titles \"Destiny\" and \"Destiny 2\", the Penguin in the \"\" video game franchise, Meepo the Geomancer in \"Dota 2\", Cpt. Martin Walker in \"\", David in \"The Last of Us\", several characters in various pieces of Marvel media (most popularly Deadpool), Superboy in \"Young Justice\", himself and one of the possible voice choices for the Boss in \"Saints Row IV\", and Edward Richtofen in the \"Call of Duty\" Zombies storyline.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Burton-on-Trent Cricket Ground", "paragraph_text": "Burton-on-Trent Cricket Ground (exact name unknown) was a cricket ground in Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1840, when the North played the Marylebone Cricket Club in the grounds first first-class match. The following year the ground held its second and final first-class match when the North again played the Marlybone Cricket Club.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77ad2f55429967ab105225", "question_text": "Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format can transmit over what Toshiba optical fiber connector system?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["TOSLINK (from \"Toshiba Link\") is a standardized optical fiber connector system."]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Plastic optical fiber", "paragraph_text": "Plastic optical fiber (POF) (or Polymer optical fibre) is an optical fiber that is made out of polymer. Similar to glass optical fiber, POF transmits light (for illumination or data) through the core of the fiber. Its chief advantage over the glass product, other aspect being equal, is its robustness under bending and stretching. Optical fiber used in telecommunications is governed by European Standards EN 60793-2-40-2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Optical fiber connector", "paragraph_text": "An optical fiber connector terminates the end of an optical fiber, and enables quicker connection and disconnection than splicing. The connectors mechanically couple and align the cores of fibers so light can pass. Better connectors lose very little light due to reflection or misalignment of the fibers. In all, about 100 fiber optic connectors have been introduced to the market.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Fiber optic filter", "paragraph_text": "Fiber optic filter is an optical fiber instrument used for wavelength selection, which can select desired wavelengths to pass and reject the others. It is Widely used in DWDM systems dynamic wavelength selection, DWDM signal separation, optical performance monitoring, field tunable optical noise filtering and optical amplifier noise suppression, etc. Optical multiplexers (couplers) makes different wavelength coupling into an optical fiber and different wavelength carries different information. At the receiving end, if you want to separate desired wavelengths from optical fiber, it is necessary to use optical filter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "TOSLINK", "paragraph_text": "TOSLINK (from \"Toshiba Link\") is a standardized optical fiber connector system. Also known generically as an \"optical audio cable\" or just \"optical cable\", its most common use is in consumer audio equipment (via a \"digital optical\" socket), where it carries a digital audio stream from components such as CD and DVD players, DAT recorders, computers, and modern video game consoles, to an AV receiver that can decode two channels of uncompressed lossless PCM audio or compressed 5.1/7.1 surround sound such as Dolby Digital Plus or DTS-HD High Resolution Audio. Unlike HDMI, TOSLINK does not have the bandwidth to carry the lossless versions of Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio, or more than two channels of PCM audio.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Cleave (fiber)", "paragraph_text": "A cleave in an optical fiber is a deliberate, controlled break, intended to create a perfectly flat endface, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fiber. The process of cleaving an optical fiber forms one of the steps in the preparation for a fiber splice operation regardless of the subsequent splice being a fusion splice or a mechanical splice; the other steps in the preparation being those of stripping and fiber alignment. A good cleave is required for a successful low loss splice of an optical fiber, often it is the case that fibers spliced by identical methods tend to have different losses, this difference can often be attributed to the quality of their initial cleaves.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Fiber optic splitter", "paragraph_text": "A fiber optic splitter, also known as a beam splitter, is based on a quartz substrate of an integrated waveguide optical power distribution device, similar to a coaxial cable transmission system. The optical network system uses an optical signal coupled to the branch distribution. The fiber optic splitter is one of the most important passive devices in the optical fiber link. It is an optical fiber tandem device with many input and output terminals, especially applicable to a passive optical network (EPON, GPON, BPON, FTTX, FTTH etc.) to connect the MDF and the terminal equipment and to branch the optical signal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "S/PDIF", "paragraph_text": "S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format) is a type of digital audio interconnect used in consumer audio equipment to output audio over reasonably short distances. The signal is transmitted over either a coaxial cable with RCA connectors or a fibre optic cable with TOSLINK connectors. S/PDIF interconnects components in home theatres and other digital high-fidelity systems.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "FC connector", "paragraph_text": "The FC connector is a fiber-optic connector with a threaded body, which was designed for use in high-vibration environments. It is commonly used with both single-mode optical fiber and polarization-maintaining optical fiber. FC connectors are used in datacom, telecommunications, measurement equipment, and single-mode lasers. They are becoming less common, displaced by SC and LC connectors. The FC connector has been standardized in TIA fiber optic connector intermateability standard EIA/TIA-604-4.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Single-mode optical fiber", "paragraph_text": "In fiber-optic communication, a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) is an optical fiber designed to carry light only directly down the fiber - the transverse mode. Modes are the possible solutions of the Helmholtz equation for waves, which is obtained by combining Maxwell's equations and the boundary conditions. These modes define the way the wave travels through space, i.e. how the wave is distributed in space. Waves can have the same mode but have different frequencies. This is the case in single-mode fibers, where we can have waves with different frequencies, but of the same mode, which means that they are distributed in space in the same way, and that gives us a single ray of light. Although the ray travels parallel to the length of the fiber, it is often called transverse mode since its electromagnetic oscillations occur perpendicular (transverse) to the length of the fiber. The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Charles K. Kao for his theoretical work on the single-mode optical fiber.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "TIA-598-C", "paragraph_text": "The Telecommunications Industry Association's TIA-598-C Optical Fiber Cable Color Coding, is an American National Standard, that provides all necessary information for color-coding optical fiber cables in a uniform manner. It defines identification schemes for fibers, buffered fibers, fiber units, and groups of fiber units within outside plant and premises optical fiber cables. This standard allows for fiber units to be identified by means of a printed legend. This method can be used for identification of fiber ribbons and fiber subunits. The legend will contain a corresponding printed numerical position number and/or color for use in identification.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab26b60554299449642c898", "question_text": "The brewing company known for making Genny Light, a beer with only 100 calories per 12 ounce portion, and located along the Genesee River, was formerly known by what brewery name?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["High Falls Brewery"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Heavy Seas Beer", "paragraph_text": "Heavy Seas Beer is brewed by Clipper City Brewing Company, in Baltimore, Maryland. The brewery was established by Hugh Sisson in 1995. Previously, Sisson operated Maryland's first brewpub, Sisson's. In 2010, the brewery rebranded. While the name of the company remains Clipper City Brewing Company, all of its beer falls under the Heavy Seas brand. Heavy Seas hosts tours on most weekends. It is located at 4615 Hollins Ferry Road, Suite B, in the Halethorpe section of Baltimore. Heavy Seas currently offers a variety of beer styles in approx. 18 states within the United States. Several Heavy Seas beers have been awarded and include the following: Cutlass Amber Lager (a repeat medal winner at the Great American Beer Festival from 2006-2010, bronze medal winner at the 2010 World Beer Cup and silver medal winner at the 2012 World Beer Cup as Heavy Seas M\u00e4rzen), Powder Monkey Pale Ale (silver medal winner at the 2008 Great American Beer Festival and bronze medal winner at the 2010 World Beer Cup as Heavy Seas Pale Ale), Small Craft Warning Uber Pils (bronze medal winner at the 2004 Great American Beer Festival), Gold Ale (gold medal winner at the 2010 World Beer Cup, bronze medal winner at the 2010 Great American Beer Festival and bronze medal winner at the 2014 Great American Beer Festival as Heavy Seas Gold Ale) and Winter Storm Imperial ESB (gold medal winner at the 2008 World Beer Cup).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Blue Mountain Brewery", "paragraph_text": "The Blue Mountain Brewery in Afton, Virginia is a brewery which forms, along with Starr Hill Brewery, South Street Brewery, Wild Wolf Brewing Company and Devils Backbone Brewing Company, an integral part of the Brew Ridge Trail. Blue Mountain was the first brewery to open in Nelson County. They cultivate 1/3 acre of mainly Cascade-variety hops. One of their seasonal beers, Blue Reserve, took home the first-ever medal (Silver) for a beer hopped solely with Virginia hops at the world's largest beer competition, the Great American Beer Festival, in 2011 for the American-Belgo Ale category. Blue Mountain is also the only Virginia brewery to hold back-to-back Gold medals at the 2010 and 2011 Great American Beer Festival. In 2012, a new sister brewery, Blue Mountain Barrel House, was opened by two of the founders of the original Blue Mountain Brewery.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Genesee Valley Park", "paragraph_text": "Genesee Valley Park is located in the south side of Rochester, New York along the shores of the Genesee River. The New York State Barge Canal (the currently in-use portion of the Erie Canal) crosses the Genesee River within the park. The University of Rochester is located near the park's north entrance.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Pipeworks Brewing", "paragraph_text": "Pipeworks Brewing Company is a brewery in Chicago, Illinois. The brewery opened in January 2012 by founders Beejay Oslon and Gerrit Lewis. Pipeworks began their brewing different from other microbreweries in that they initially brewed their beers entirely as a series of 'one off' beers that were aimed specifically to the niche market of beer connoisseurs. The brewery's stated goal is to release a new beer every week. This approach gave the brewery and its beers somewhat of a cult status among beer enthusiasts, with its offerings selling out relatively quickly. After seeing significant growth, both in output brand and identity, Pipeworks has since augmented their one-off beers with several of its 'core' beers in 16 ounce can 4-Packs now regularly available widley throughout the Chicago area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Genesee Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "Genesee Brewing Company is an American brewery located along the Genesee River in Rochester, New York. In 1878, Genesee Brewing Company moved up into Rochester. From 2000 to 2009, the company was known as the High Falls Brewing Company. In 2009, High Falls was acquired by the capital investment firm KPS Capital. Together with also newly acquired Labatt USA, KPS merged the two companies as North American Breweries. Along with this change, High Falls Brewery changed its name back to the original \"Genesee Brewing Company\" operating under the North American Breweries name. In October 2012, North American Breweries was purchased by FIFCO", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Genny Light", "paragraph_text": "Genny Light is an American light beer that is produced by the Genesee Brewing Company which is based in Rochester, New York. It was launched in 1978. The beer has 4.0% alcohol volume and 100 calories per 12 ounce portion.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pabst Brewing Company", "paragraph_text": "The Pabst Brewing Company ( ) is an American company that dates its origins to a brewing company founded in 1844 by Jacob Best and was, by 1889, named after Frederick Pabst. It is currently the holding company contracting for the brewing of over two dozen brands of beer and malt liquor from now defunct companies including Pabst Blue Ribbon, P. Ballantine and Sons Brewing Company, G. Heileman Brewing Company, Lone Star Brewing Company, Pearl Brewing Company, Piels Bros., Valentin Blatz Brewing Company, National Brewing Company, Olympia Brewing Company, Falstaff Brewing Corporation, Primo Brewing & Malting Company, Rainier Brewing Company, F & M Schaefer Brewing Company, Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company and Stroh Brewery Company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Riverton, New York", "paragraph_text": "Riverton, New York was a planned community built in 1973 in the town of Henrietta, New York, along the Genesee River. Riverton was seventh of the thirteen communities receiving Federal guarantee assistance from HUD as part of their New Communities Program created by the Urban Growth and New Community Development Act of 1970. $12 million was earmarked for the community. Riverton was supposed to encompass a 2335 acre land area bordered on the north by the New York State Thruway, on the west by the Genesee River, on the east by East River Rd., and on the south by the Rush-Henrietta town line, with some development continuing east along Erie Station Rd. Original plans called for construction to occur for a 16-year period and eventually house over 25,000 people, with the community including an 18-hole golf course, 12 swimming pools, 3 artificial lakes, a marina on the Genesee, and commercial and industrial centers. However, only a small portion of this was built along Scottsville-West Henrietta Rd. Created as part of the community were Riverton Knolls, a moderately priced townhouse subdivision, the Riverton Golf Club, a small 9-hole golf course, and the Riverton Park, which included a playground, baseball diamond, river front benches, walking trail, and a volleyball court. Also nestled in a bend in the Genesee was a 28 acre forested nature park.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Heineken Premium Light", "paragraph_text": "Heineken Light (labelled as \"Heineken 3\" in Australia ) is a light beer brewed by Heineken for the United States market. It was introduced in 2005. Heineken light reportedly has: 99 calories per 12 oz. bottle and 6.8\u00a0grams of carbohydrates. The beer has fewer calories, less carbohydrate, and less alcohol than lager beers such as the Heineken Pilsener. The beer has 3.3% alcohol by volume.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Enviga", "paragraph_text": "Enviga is a Nestea carbonated canned green-tea drink. Enviga is a trademark of Nestl\u00e9 licensed to Beverage Partners Worldwide, a joint-venture between The Coca-Cola Company and Nestl\u00e9. It is available in three flavors: Green Tea, Tropical Pomegranate, and Mixed Berry. According to Coca-Cola, Enviga burns 60 to 100 calories per three 12-oz. (330 ml) cans due to its high EGCG and caffeine content. This is disputed by some researchers and public advocates.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab3357d554299166977419d", "question_text": "In which city is the parent company of Sterlite Industries headquartered?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["London"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "SM-Chile", "paragraph_text": "SM-Chile is a holding company for Banco de Chile. Until 1996, when its Board of Shareholders agreed to become an investment company with exclusive turn, governed by Law No. 19,396, changing its name to Bank of Parent Company Chile SA' Simultaneously, the parent company of Banco de Chile SA created a commercial bank under the name Banco de Chile and was transferred all its assets and liabilities, excluding subordinated obligation call with the Central Bank of Chile, obligation undertaken following the banking crisis of the years 1982 - 1984 and the consequent bailout carried out by the Central Bank. After this transformation, the sole shareholder of Banco de Chile was the parent company of Banco de Chile SA", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Vedanta Resources", "paragraph_text": "Vedanta Resources plc is a global diversified metals and mining company with its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. It is the largest mining and non-ferrous metals company in India and has mining operations in Australia and Zambia and oil and gas operations in three countries. Its main products are copper, zinc, aluminium, lead, iron ore and petroleum. It is also developing commercial power stations in India in Odisha (2,400 MW) and Punjab (1,980 MW). The company is principally owned by Indian billionaire Anil Agarwal through Volcan Investments, a holding vehicle with a 61.7% stake in the business.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Parent company guarantee", "paragraph_text": "A parent company guarantee (PCG) is a guarantee by a parent company of a contractor\u2019s performance under its contract with its client, where the contractor is a subsidiary of the parent company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ta Ching Motor Co.", "paragraph_text": "Ta Ching Motor Co. (TCMC) was a Taiwanese automotive manufacturer between 1986 and 2002. Headquartered in Pingtung City, it was the official procuration dealer of the Japanese Subaru motor brand in Taiwan. Its main shareholders included Taiwan Vespa Co., Ltd, and the parent company of the Subaru brand, Fuji Heavy Industries. The annual production in the 1990s was 20,000 per year, but quickly scaled down to 1,713 in the year 2001. Fuji Heavy Industries tried to obtain the sales and production of Taiwan-made Subaru vehicles on their own, but failed to increase sales. The cooperation between TCMC and Fuji Heavy Industries ended in 2002 when Ta Ching Motor Co. went defunct.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Charlie the Tuna", "paragraph_text": "Charlie the Tuna is the cartoon mascot and spokes-tuna for the StarKist brand. He was created in 1961 by Tom Rogers of the Leo Burnett Agency after StarKist hired Leo Burnett in 1958. StarKist Tuna is the name of a brand of tuna currently owned by Dongwon Industries, a South Korea-based conglomerate. StarKist itself is based in Pittsburgh, the home of its former parent company, H. J. Heinz Company, sharing its headquarters on the site of Three Rivers Stadium with another former parent company, Del Monte Foods' Pittsburgh headquarters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "HNA Infrastructure Investment Group", "paragraph_text": "Hainan HNA Infrastructure Investment Group Co., Ltd. formerly Hainan Island Construction Co., Ltd. is a Chinese listed company based in Haikou. in mid-2016 the company acquired HNA Infrastructure Group () in a reverse IPO from intermediate parent company HNA Infrastructure Holding Group (), which HNA Infrastructure Group is the parent company of HNA Real Estate and HNA Airport Group (, in turn HNA Airport Group is the parent company of HNA Airport Holdings (Group) () and HNA Airport Holdings is the parent company of Sanya Phoenix International Airport Co., Ltd.); HNA Airport Group is the largest shareholder of Haikou Meilan International Airport (19.58% as at October 2016), which in turn the largest shareholder of Hong Kong listed company HNA Infrastructure. In December 2016 a proposed capital increase of the HK-listed company was announced. HNA Infrastructure Investment Group would purchase a minority share directly. Haikou Meilan International Airport was the second-largest shareholder of Hainan Airlines; Hainan Airlines, however, also owned a minority stake in Haikou Meilan International Airport.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Aspen Technology", "paragraph_text": "Aspen Technology, Inc. -- known as AspenTech -- is a provider of software and services for the process industries headquartered in Bedford, Massachusetts. AspenTech has 30 offices around the world, on 6 continents.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Sterlite Industries", "paragraph_text": "Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd. is a subsidiary of Vedanta Resources plc, a diversified and integrated metals and mining group. The company is based in Mumbai, India. On 31 March 2013, the company's market capitalisation was INR 31,490 crores (US$ 5.79 billion). <br>", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jio", "paragraph_text": "Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited, or Jio, is an LTE mobile network operator in India. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Industries headquartered in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra that provides wireless 4G LTE service network (without 2G/3G based services) and is the only 'VoLTE-only' (Voice over LTE) operator in the country which lacks legacy network support of 2G and 3G, with coverage across all 22 telecom circles in India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Life-Like", "paragraph_text": "Life-Like was a manufacturer of model trains and accessories that began as a division of parent company Life-Like Products, a manufacturer of extruded foam ice chests and coolers. In 1960 the company purchased the assets of the defunct Varney Scale Models and began manufacturing model trains and accessories under the name Life-Like in 1970. In 2005 the parent company, known as Lifoam Industries, LLC, chose to concentrate on their core products and sold their model railroad operations to hobby distributor Wm. K. Walthers. Today, the Life-Like trademark is used by Walthers for its line of value-priced starter train sets.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adc8d4f554299473435373d", "question_text": "Edwyn Collins and Ian Gillan both have which profession in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["singer"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ian Gillan &amp; Tony Iommi: WhoCares", "paragraph_text": "WhoCares, full title Ian Gillan & Tony Iommi: WhoCares is a music project by Deep Purple frontman Ian Gillan and Black Sabbath guitarist Tony Iommi and a charity release by the supergroup WhoCares they had formed with the help of other musicians, to raise money to rebuild a music school in Gyumri, Armenia after the destruction of the city in the 1988 earthquake in Armenia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Edwyn Collins", "paragraph_text": "Edwyn Stephen Collins (born 23 August 1959) is a Scottish musician, producer and record label owner from Edinburgh, Scotland. Collins was the lead singer for the 1980s post-punk band Orange Juice, which he co-founded. Following the group's split in 1985, Collins started a solo career. His 1994 single \"A Girl Like You\" was a worldwide hit.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Naked Thunder", "paragraph_text": "Naked Thunder is a 1990 solo album by Ian Gillan, released soon after his departure from Deep Purple in 1989. It features a varied selection of songs, with one of Gillan's most passionate and impressive performances on power ballad \"Loving on Borrowed Time\" and traditional field lament \"No More Cane on the Brazos\". It was also the first album to feature Ian Gillan's long time writing partner Steve Morris. \"Naked Thunder\" was produced by Leif Mases and features a number of notable guest musicians, including drummer Simon Phillips and former Grease Band keyboard player Tommy Eyre.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Javelins", "paragraph_text": "The Javelins, sometimes also known as Ian Gillan & the Javelins, was a 1960s band fronted by Ian Gillan of Deep Purple. The band played live but never recorded in their initial spell together. The other members included rhythm guitarist Tony Tacon, bass player Tony Whitfield,drummer Keith Roach and lead guitarist Gordon Fairminer. All from Hayes/Heston area of West London.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Dreamcatcher (Ian Gillan album)", "paragraph_text": "Dreamcatcher is a studio album by Ian Gillan, released in September 1997 in Japan, October 1997 in the United Kingdom and in May 1998 in the US. All songs were performed by Ian Gillan accompanied by Steve Morris. The album was being worked on between 1995 and 1997.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gillan's Inn", "paragraph_text": "Gillan's Inn is an album by Ian Gillan in celebration of his 40 years as a singer. The first release was a DualDisc composed of both a CD and a DVD side. The CD featured re-recorded tracks from all eras of Ian Gillan's singing career. In a recent interview Gillan observed that, despite the number of participants and guest appearances, this was the easiest project he ever put together.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Joe Mennonna", "paragraph_text": "Joe Mennonna is an accomplished session musician who worked with Ian Gillan and Roger Glover on their 1988 album \"Accidentally on Purpose\", and toured with Ian Gillan in September 2006 in support of the \"Gillan's Inn\" album. He also appears on Gillan's \"Live in Anaheim\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ray Fenwick", "paragraph_text": "Raymond John Fenwick (born 18 July 1946) is an English guitarist and session musician, best known for replacing Steve Howe in The Syndicats, and as the lead guitarist of Ian Gillan's post Deep Purple solo project, the Ian Gillan Band.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ian Gillan", "paragraph_text": "Ian Gillan (born 19 August 1945) is an English singer and songwriter. He originally found commercial success as the lead singer and lyricist for Deep Purple.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Toolbox (album)", "paragraph_text": "Toolbox is the second solo album by Ian Gillan originally released only in Europe, Japan and Brazil on German label EastWest. It was Gillan's last album before his second comeback with Deep Purple in August 1992. The subsequent mammoth 10-month tour, which crossed Europe and South America, proved Ian Gillan to be a strong live attraction. Although \"Toolbox\" wasn't a big commercial success it is considered by many as one of Gillan's finest records. The album was finally released domestically in the USA in 1997.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a89fc305542993b751ca9dc", "question_text": "Which Outer Banks landmark and premiere BBQ restaurant has been featured in the magazine Southern Living?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Pigman's Bar-B-Que"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Park's Finest", "paragraph_text": "The Park\u2019s Finest is a Filipino American inspired Southern BBQ restaurant in Echo Park, Los Angeles which started as a small catering company in 2009. The founders of the restaurant, Johneric Concordia, Christine Araquel-Concordia, Mike Pajimula, Ann Pajimula and Oscar Bautista, are Echo Park locals and long time friends who grew up in the neighborhood around Historic Filipinotown, Los Angeles. With assistance from an Asian Pacific Islander small business program and strong support from the surrounding community, The Park's Finest officially become a restaurant in 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Whalebone Junction, North Carolina", "paragraph_text": "Whalebone Junction is an area within Nags Head, North Carolina where three major highways converge. The junction marks the eastern terminus of both U.S. 64 and U.S. Route 158, while NC 12 traverses the junction from north to south. The junction is a major landmark on the Outer Banks, as U.S. 64 and U.S. 158 provide the only highway links to the mainland, while NC 12 is the main road linking all of the Outer Banks. North of Whalebone Junction lies the main commercial district of Nags Head as well as the communities of Kill Devil Hills and Kitty Hawk. South of Whalebone Junction begins the Cape Hatteras National Seashore and the Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge. Whalebone Junction Information Station, immediately south of the junction itself, serves as the visitor center to the Cape Hatteras National Seashore and provides information on the National Park and local attractions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Outer Banks", "paragraph_text": "The Outer Banks (OBX) is a 200 mi string of barrier islands and spits off the coast of North Carolina and southeastern Virginia, on the east coast of the United States. They cover most of the North Carolina coastline, separating the Currituck Sound, Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Ocean. The Outer Banks are a major tourist destination and are known around the world for their subtropical climate and wide expanse of open beachfront. The Cape Hatteras National Seashore has four campgrounds open to visitors. The treacherous seas off the Outer Banks and the large number of shipwrecks that have occurred there have given these seas the nickname Graveyard of the Atlantic. The Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum is located in Hatteras Village near a United States Coast Guard facility and the Hatteras ferry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hazard mitigation in the Outer Banks", "paragraph_text": "The Outer Banks are the barrier islands along the east coast of North Carolina, that are extremely sensitive to environmental hazards, particularly hurricanes. This article is about how people of the Outer Banks prepare for natural disasters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "North Carolina Highway 12", "paragraph_text": "North Carolina Highway 12 (NC\u00a012) is a state highway that traverses the northeastern coastline of North Carolina, linking the peninsulas and islands of the northern Outer Banks. Most sections of NC\u00a012 are two lanes wide, and there are also two ferry routes which maintain continuity of the route as it traverses the Outer Banks region. NC 12 is part of the Outer Banks Scenic Byway, a National Scenic Byway. The first NC 12 appeared on the 1924 North Carolina Official Map and at its height ran from NC 30 in Pollocksville to NC 48 near Murfreesboro. Over time it was replaced by both US 258 and NC 58 and ceased to exist in 1958. The current NC 12 first appeared on the 1964 state highway map running from US 158 in Nags Head to Ocracoke. In 1976 NC 12 was extended to US 70 on the mainland and in 1987 was extended north to Corolla.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pine Island Airport", "paragraph_text": "Pine Island Airport (IATA: DUF) is a privately owned airport, located in the town of Corolla, North Carolina, owned by Turnpike Properties. The FAA ID is 7NC2 and IATA code DUF. The airport has one 3,450\u00a0ft. runway, designated runway 17/35. As of March 10, 2017, the airport is operational with restrictions Contact Airport Manager, Outer Banks Airlines for use The airport is served by Outer Banks Airlines, some vetted charter operations and some vetted private aircraft.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Southern Living", "paragraph_text": "Southern Living is a widely read lifestyle magazine aimed at readers in the Southern United States featuring recipes, house plans, garden plans,and information about Southern culture and travel. It is published by Birmingham, Alabama\u2013based Southern Progress Corporation, a unit of Time Inc.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Team Outer Banks", "paragraph_text": "Team Outer Banks is the first team registered from North Carolina to complete the Worrell 1000 sailboat race from Ft. Lauderdale, Florida to Virginia Beach, Virginia. Team Outer Banks competed and completed the event four years in a row from 1999 through 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Andy Nelson's Southern Pit Barbecue", "paragraph_text": "Andy Nelson's Barbecue is a BBQ restaurant in Cockeysville, Maryland. Founded by former Baltimore Colts safety and Super Bowl winner Andy Nelson, it is known for its hickory smoked BBQ. The restaurant regularly wins \"Baltimore's Best BBQ\" by \"Baltimore Magazine\" and the \"City Paper\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pigmans Bar-B-Que", "paragraph_text": "Pigman's Bar-B-Que is an Outer Banks landmark as well as a premiere BBQ restaurant on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. It started as a small ham shop on the Outer Banks in the late 1980s, and has since gone on to win multiple awards like \"Best on the Beach.\" It has been featured in such publications as \"Southern Living\" magazine and \"The Coast\". According to the jingle it is on the \"9 & 1/2 mile post.\"", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac5461d5542993e66e82296", "question_text": "Who portrays Rachel Zane on the American legal comedy-drama that airs on USA Network?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Rachel Meghan Markle"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Boston Legal", "paragraph_text": "Boston Legal is an American legal comedy-drama created by David E. Kelley and produced in association with 20th Century Fox Television for ABC. The series aired from October 3, 2004, to December 8, 2008. The series, starring James Spader, with Candice Bergen, and William Shatner, is a spin-off of the long-running Kelley series \"The Practice\", following the exploits of former \"Practice\" character Alan Shore at the legal firm of Crane, Poole & Schmidt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "List of Franklin &amp; Bash episodes", "paragraph_text": "\"Franklin & Bash\" is an American legal comedy-drama series created by Kevin Falls and Bill Chais that airs on TNT. It stars Breckin Meyer as Jared Franklin, and Mark-Paul Gosselaar as Peter Bash, two unconventional lawyers and longtime friends that are recruited by the head of a firm to bring new life and perspective to the work place. \"Franklin & Bash\" premiered on June 1, 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Suits (season 1)", "paragraph_text": "The first season of the American legal comedy-drama Suits originally aired on USA Network in the United States between June 23, 2011 and September 8, 2011. The season was produced by Hypnotic Films & Television and Universal Cable Productions, and the executive producers were Doug Liman, David Bartis and series creator Aaron Korsh. The series revolves around corporate lawyer Harvey Specter and his associate attorney Mike Ross who, between the two of them, have only one law degree. The season had six series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Hardman law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, Sarah Rafferty, and Gina Torres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Suits (season 2)", "paragraph_text": "The second season of the American legal comedy-drama Suits was ordered on August 11, 2011. The season originally aired on USA Network in the United States between June 14, 2012 and February 21, 2013. The season was produced by Hypnotic Films & Television and Universal Cable Productions, and the executive producers were Doug Liman, David Bartis and series creator Aaron Korsh. The season had six series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Hardman law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, Sarah Rafferty, and Gina Torres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Suits (season 5)", "paragraph_text": "The fifth season of the American legal comedy-drama Suits was ordered on August 11, 2014. The fifth season originally aired on USA Network in the United States between June 24, 2015 and March 2, 2016. The season was produced by Hypnotic Films & Television and Universal Cable Productions, and the executive producers were Doug Liman, David Bartis and series creator Aaron Korsh. The season had six series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Specter Litt law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, Sarah Rafferty, and Gina Torres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of Suits characters", "paragraph_text": "\"Suits\" is an American legal drama created by Aaron Korsh and premiered on USA Network in June 2011. The series revolves around Harvey Specter (Gabriel Macht), a senior partner at a top law firm in Manhattan, and his recently hired associate attorney Mike Ross (Patrick J. Adams) as they hide the fact that Mike does not have a law degree. Each episode focuses on a single legal case and its challenges while examining the work environment of the firm, Mike's and Harvey's personal relationships, and problems stemming from Mike's lack of a degree. The rest of the starring cast portray other employees at the firm: Louis Litt (Rick Hoffman), Rachel Zane (Meghan Markle), a paralegal who develops feelings for Mike; Donna Paulsen (Sarah Rafferty), Harvey's long-time legal secretary, close friend, and confidant; and Jessica Pearson (Gina Torres), the co-founder and managing partner of the firm.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Suits (season 4)", "paragraph_text": "The fourth season of the American legal comedy-drama Suits was ordered on October 22, 2013. The fourth season originally aired on USA Network in the United States between June 11, 2014 and March 4, 2015. The season was produced by Hypnotic Films & Television and Universal Cable Productions, and the executive producers were Doug Liman, David Bartis and series creator Aaron Korsh. The season had six series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Specter, later Pearson Specter Litt, law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, Sarah Rafferty, and Gina Torres. Both Gabriel Macht and Patrick J. Adams made their director debut this season, with Macht directing the eleventh episode while Adams directed the 14th episode.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Suits (season 3)", "paragraph_text": "The third season of the American legal comedy-drama Suits was ordered on October 12, 2012. The third season originally aired on USA Network in the United States between July 16, 2013 and April 10, 2014. The season was produced by Hypnotic Films & Television and Universal Cable Productions, and the executive producers were Doug Liman, David Bartis and series creator Aaron Korsh. The season had six series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Darby, later Pearson Darby Specter and Pearson Specter, law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, Sarah Rafferty, and Gina Torres.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Pilot (Suits)", "paragraph_text": "\"Pilot\" is the pilot episode of the American legal comedy-drama \"Suits\", which premiered on USA Network in the United States on June 23, 2011. The episode was written by series creator Aaron Korsh and was directed by Kevin Bray. The series revolves around two lawyers who, between the two of them, have only one law degree.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Meghan Markle", "paragraph_text": "Rachel Meghan Markle (born August 4, 1981), is an American actress, model and humanitarian from Los Angeles. Since 2011 she has portrayed Rachel Zane on the legal drama series \"Suits\" and is also known for her work as FBI special agent Amy Jessup in the sci-fi thriller \"Fringe\".", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5add7c9c5542990dbb2f7e60", "question_text": "Ellie Parker is a 2005 American drama-comedy film whose title character is played by an English actress who made her screen debut in what Australian drama film?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["For Love Alone"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Matthew Goode", "paragraph_text": "Matthew William Goode (born 3 April 1978) is an English actor. He made his screen debut in 2002 with ABC's TV movie feature \"Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister\". His breakthrough role was in romantic comedy \"Chasing Liberty\" (2004), for which he received a nomination at Teen Choice Awards. He then appeared in supporting roles in Woody Allen's \"Match Point\" (2005), the German-British romantic comedy \"Imagine Me and You\" (2006), the period drama \"Copying Beethoven\" (2006). He gained praise for his performance as an aspiring artist in Julian Jarrold's drama \"Brideshead Revisited\" (2008) and as Ozymandias in the American neo-noir-superhero film \"Watchmen\" (2009), based on DC Comics' limited series of the same name. He then starred in romantic comedy \"Leap Year\" (2010) and Australian drama \"Burning Man\" (2011), the latter earning him a nomination for Best Actor at the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ellie Parker", "paragraph_text": "Ellie Parker is a 2005 American drama-comedy film, written and directed by Scott Coffey. The title character, played by Naomi Watts, is a young woman struggling as an actress in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Year Of Spectacular Men", "paragraph_text": "The Year Of Spectacular Men is an upcoming drama-comedy film which is directorial debut of actress Lea Thompson and stars her daughters, Madelyn Deutch (who also wrote the screenplay) and Zoey Deutch. The film had its world premiere in June 2017, under the \"LA Muse\" section in Los Angeles Film Festival 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mohanlal filmography", "paragraph_text": "[]Mohanlal] is an Indian actor, producer, and singer who has starred in both blockbuster and art house films for independent filmmakers. During his career, he has appeared in more than 340 feature films, primarily in Malayalam cinema but also in other languages including Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada. In 1978, when he was 18, he started acting with a minor comedic role in the unreleased film \"Thiranottam\", before making screen debut in 1980 as antagonist in the romance film \"Manjil Virinja Pookkal\". His portrayal of Narendran, a sadistic husband, received recognition and the film developed a cult status in Malayalam cinema. Subsequently, Mohanlal was cast as the antagonist in many films. His first positive role was in \"Padayottam\" (1982), the first 70 mm film in Malayalam. In 1984 he starred in \"Poochakkoru Mookkuthi\", a comedy film whose success triggered a trend and popularised the genre in the 1980s. In an early critically acclaimed performance, Mohanlal played an antihero in the I. V. Sasi-directed thriller \"Uyarangalil\" (1984). In the same year, he co-founded Casino Films, a motion picture production company which later produced his popular comedies \"Gandhinagar 2nd Street\" (1986) and \"Nadodikkattu\" (1987).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Rebecca Rigg", "paragraph_text": "Rebecca Rigg (born 31 December 1967) is an Australian actress, best known for her roles in \"Fatty Finn\" and \"Ellie Parker\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lola's Last Letter", "paragraph_text": "Lola's Last Letter is a 2015 independent drama-comedy film written and directed by Valerie Brandy, starring Valerie Brandy, Annamarie Kenoyer, and Travis Quentin Young. The movie world-premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Hollywood as a Competition Feature at the Dances with Films festival lineup. Brandy made the film\u2014also her directorial debut\u2014on a shoe-string budget with just seven people over seven days of principal photography, and shot entirely in Los Angeles and surrounding areas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Torchy Runs for Mayor", "paragraph_text": "Torchy Runs for Mayor is a 1939 American drama-comedy film directed by Ray McCarey. The film stars Glenda Farrell and Barton MacLane. This is the eighth film in the Torchy Blane movie series by Warner Bros. It was released on May 13, 1939. The film is followed by \"Torchy Blane... Playing with Dynamite\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Naomi Watts", "paragraph_text": "Naomi Ellen Watts (born 28 September 1968) is an English actress and film producer. She made her screen debut in the Australian drama film \"For Love Alone\" (1986) and then appeared in the Australian television series' \"Hey Dad. . ! \" (1990), \"Brides of Christ\" (1991), \"Home and Away\" (1991) and the coming-of-age comedy-drama film \"Flirting\" (1991). After moving to America, Watts appeared in films, including \"Tank Girl\" (1995), \"\" (1996) and \"Dangerous Beauty\" (1998) and had the lead role in the television series \"Sleepwalkers\" (1997\u20131998).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Claire Foy", "paragraph_text": "Claire Elizabeth Foy (born 16 April 1984) is an English actress. She studied drama and screen studies at Liverpool John Moores University and trained at the Oxford School of Drama, where she appeared in four plays, including \"Watership Down\". She made her screen debut in the pilot episode of \"Being Human\" (2008) and in an episode of the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\" (2008). Following her professional stage debut at the Royal National Theatre, she played the title role in the BBC One production of \"Little Dorrit\" (2008), and made her film debut as Anna in \"Season of the Witch\" (2011).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Everything Happens at Night", "paragraph_text": "Everything Happens at Night is a 1939 American drama-comedy film starring Sonja Henie, Ray Milland and Robert Cummings.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adc0f8d55429947ff1738ef", "question_text": "Between Parsifal and Saul og David which opera has more acts?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Saul og David"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Parsifal", "paragraph_text": "Parsifal (WWV 111) is an opera in three acts by German composer Richard Wagner. It is loosely based on \"Parzival\" by Wolfram von Eschenbach, a 13th-century epic poem of the Arthurian knight Parzival (Percival) and his quest for the Holy Grail (12th century).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Parsifal (1904 film)", "paragraph_text": "Parsifal is a 1904 American silent film produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company and directed by Edwin S. Porter. It is based on the 1882 opera \"Parsifal\" by Richard Wagner, and stars Adelaide Fitz-Allen as Kundry and Robert Whittier as Parsifal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Poul Elming", "paragraph_text": "Poul Elming (born 21 July 1949, \u00c5lborg) is a Danish opera singer. He began his career as a baritone; making his professional debut in 1979 as a member of the Jutland Opera in \u00c5rhus. He then pursued studies at the Juilliard School in New York City where his voice was re-trained in the tenor repertoire. In 1989, he made his debut as a tenor at the Royal Danish Theatre as the title hero in Richard Wagner's \"Parsifal\". He has since sung leading roles with major opera companies and festivals throughout the world, including the Bayreuth Festival, the Berlin State Opera, the Liceu, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Royal Opera, London, the San Francisco Opera, and the Vienna State Opera among others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Helge Nissen", "paragraph_text": "Helge Nissen (5 September 1871 in Rydhave ved Holstebro \u2013 5 October 1926 in Copenhagen) was a Danish operatic bass-baritone, conductor, voice teacher, and film actor who was associated with the Royal Danish Theatre from 1897 until his death in 1926. He notably created roles in the world premieres of two operas by composer Carl Nielsen: Abner in \"Saul og David\" (1902) and Henrik in \"Maskarade\" (1906). His voice is preserved on a total of 70 recordings made with the Path\u00e9, HMV and Deutsche Grammophon record companies from 1908\u20131914.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Parsifal bell", "paragraph_text": "A Parsifal bell (German: \"Parsifal Klavier Instrument\") is a stringed musical instrument designed as a substitute for the church bells that are called for in the score of Richard Wagner's opera \"Parsifal\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Saul (Handel)", "paragraph_text": "Saul (HWV 53) is a dramatic oratorio in three acts written by George Frideric Handel with a libretto by Charles Jennens. Taken from the First Book of Samuel, the story of \"Saul\" focuses on the first king of Israel's relationship with his eventual successor, David; one which turns from admiration to envy and hatred, ultimately leading to the downfall of the eponymous monarch. The work, which Handel composed in 1738, includes the famous \"Dead March\", a funeral anthem for Saul and his son Jonathan, and some of the composer's most dramatic choral pieces. \"Saul\" was first performed at the King's Theatre in London on 16 January 1739.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pl\u00e1cido Domingo discography", "paragraph_text": "Pl\u00e1cido Domingo has made hundreds of opera performances, music albums, and concert recordings throughout his career as an operatic tenor. From his first operatic leading role as Alfredo in \"La traviata\" in 1961, his major debuts continued in swift succession: \"Tosca\" at the Hamburg State Opera and \"Don Carlos\" at the Vienna State Opera in 1967; \"Adriana Lecouvreur\" at the Metropolitan Opera, \"Turandot\" in Verona Arena and \"La boh\u00e8me\" in San Francisco in 1969; \"La Gioconda\" in 1970; \"Tosca\" in Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in 1971; \"La boh\u00e8me\" at the Bavarian State Opera in 1972; \"Il trovatore\" at the Paris Op\u00e9ra in 1973 and \"Don Carlo\" at the Salzburg Festival in 1975, \"Parsifal\" in 1992 at the Bayreuth Festival; and the list continues until today; the same role is often recorded more than once.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Vilhelm Herold", "paragraph_text": "Vilhelm Christoffer Herold (born March 19, 1865 in Hasle, Bornholm \u2013 died December 15, 1937 in Copenhagen) was an operatic tenor, voice teacher, and theatre director. Herold created the role of David in Carl Nielsen's opera \"Saul og David\" in 1902).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Saul og David", "paragraph_text": "Saul og David (\"Saul and David\") is the first of the two operas by the Danish composer Carl Nielsen. The four-act libretto, by Einar Christiansen, tells the Biblical story of Saul's jealousy of the young David, taken from the Book of Samuel. The first performance was at Det Kongelige Teater, Copenhagen on 28 November 1902.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gerd Grochowski", "paragraph_text": "Gerd Grochowski (28 February 28, 1956, Krefeld \u2013 16 January 2017, Mainz) was a German operatic bass-baritone who had an active international career from 1986 until his death in 2017. Particularly known for his performances in the operas of Richard Wagner, his roles included Donner in \"Das Rheingold\", Gunther in \"G\u00f6tterd\u00e4mmerung\", Klingsor in \"Parsifal\", Kurwenal in \"Tristan und Isolde\", Telramund in \"Lohengrin\", and Wotan in \"The Ring Cycle\". A graduate of the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Tanz K\u00f6ln, he was a longtime resident artist at the Cologne Opera. He appeared in leading roles as a guest artist at the Bayreuth Festival, the Berlin State Opera, the Bavarian State Opera, the Frankfurt Opera, the Hamburg State Opera, La Scala, the Liceu, the Linz State Theatre, the Stuttgart Opera, the Teatro Real, the Theater an der Wien, and the Salzburg Festival.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae7376f5542992ae0d163d2", "question_text": "A Talk is an EP by which South Korean singer and dancer?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Hyuna"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sunmin", "paragraph_text": "Sunmin (Hangul: \uc120\ubbfc, \"Katakana\": \u30bd\u30f3\u30df\u30f3, born August 4, 1987) is a South Korean singer who speaks and sings in Korean, Japanese, and English. She debuted in 2006, with the single \"Keep Holding You,\" a collaboration with the Japanese R&B singer Toshinobu Kubota. Her career was initially focused on the Japanese market, but her work became focused in South Korea from 2009 to 2010. She also contributed to original soundtracks of South Korean television series \"Master of Study\" and \"Gloria (2010 TV series)\". In 2010 to 2011, she was in the main South Korean musical production of \"Jekyll & Hyde\" as Lucy. In 2012 to 2013, she reprised her role as Lucy in the South Korean national tour. In spring 2013, Sunmin played Josephine in the South Korean production of \"Ars\u00e8ne Lupin\", the musical.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "A+ (EP)", "paragraph_text": "A+ is the fourth extended play by South Korean singer Hyuna. The EP consists of five tracks and incoporates Pop and Hip-Hop music genres. It was released for digital download by Cube Entertainment and Universal Music on August 21, 2015. The physical album was released three days later on August 24. To promote the EP, Hyuna appeared on several South Korean music programs, including \"Music Bank\", \"Show! Music Core\" and \"Inkigayo\". \"Roll Deep\" was released at the title track for the EP.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Lee Jai-jin (musician, born 1979)", "paragraph_text": "Lee Jai-jin (Korean:\uc774\uc7ac\uc9c4, born July 13, 1979) is a South Korean singer and dancer. Jai-jin is the sub rapper and main dancer of the South Korean boy group SechsKies, and served as the group's choreographer. SechsKies disbanded in 2000 but made a long-awaited reunion on 'ToToGa 2' special of 'Infinite Challenge' and signed with YG Entertainment in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "A Talk", "paragraph_text": "A Talk is the third extended play by South Korean singer Hyuna. The EP consists of five tracks and incorporates Trap, Hip-Hop and R&B music genres. It was released for digital download by Cube Entertainment and Universal Music on July 28, 2014. The physical album was released a day later on July 29. To promote the EP, Hyuna appeared on several South Korean music programs, including \"Music Bank\", \"Show! Music Core\" and \"Inkigayo\". \"Red\" was released as the title track for the EP.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Talk About S", "paragraph_text": "Talk About S (stylized as Talk about S.) is the second solo extended play (EP) by South Korean singer and actress Gain. It was released on October 5, 2012, and distributed by LOEN Entertainment. The album is a contrast to her solo debut EP due to its delightful and brighter sound, \"more varied palette\" yet still intacts \"the pervasive seductiveness\" which was first introduced in \"Step 2/4\" (2010). As executive producer, Jo Yeong-Cheol and enlisted collaborators such as KZ and Yoon Jong-shin to create the EP, featuring a total of five tracks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Bubble Pop! (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Bubble Pop!\" is a song recorded by South Korean singer Hyuna for her first extended play \"Bubble Pop! \" (2011). It was released as the title track from the EP by Cube Entertainment and Universal Music on July 5, 2011. The lyrics were written by Shinsadong Tiger and Choi Kyusung, who also composed the music. In order to promote the song and EP, Hyuna appeared on several South Korean music programs, including \"Music Bank\", \"Show! Music Core\" and \"Inkigayo\". A music video for the song was released on July 4 and has surpassed the 100 million views on YouTube, making her the first female Korean solo artist to do it.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lee Ki-seop", "paragraph_text": "Lee Ki-seop (Korean: \uc774\uae30\uc12d ; born January 17, 1991), commonly known as Kiseop, is a South Korean singer, dancer, actor and model. He is best known for being a member of South Korean boy group U-KISS formed by NH Media in 2008. He joined U-KISS in November 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hyuna", "paragraph_text": "Kim Hyun-ah (born June 6, 1992), better known by the mononym Hyuna, stylized as HyunA, is a South Korean singer, dancer, songwriter and model. She rose to fame in the late 2000s as a member of the girl group Wonder Girls, leaving the ensemble shortly after their debut in 2007 and subsequently joining the girl group 4Minute in 2009. Hyuna began a solo career in 2010, which she describes as \"performance-oriented music\". Her debut single \"Change\" peaked at #2 on the Gaon Digital Chart.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Taeyang", "paragraph_text": "Dong Young-bae (; born 18 May 1988), better known by his stage name Taeyang (meaning \"sun\" in Korean) and SOL (when performing in Japan), is a South Korean singer, songwriter and dancer. After appearing in Jinusean's music video \"A-yo,\" Taeyang began training under YG Entertainment at the age of 12. Six years later, he made his debut in 2006 as a member of the South Korean boy band Big Bang. While the quintet's debut was met with lukewarm receptions, their follow-ups cemented their popularity, becoming one of the best-selling digital group of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "I (Taeyeon song)", "paragraph_text": "\"I\" is a Korean song recorded by South Korean singer Kim Tae-yeon (better known by her mononym Taeyeon) featuring Verbal Jint, taken from Taeyeon's debut EP of the same name. It was written by herself, Mafly, and Verbal Jint, and produced by Myah Marie Langston, Bennett Armstrong, Justin T. Armstrong, Cosmopolitan Douglas, David Quinones, Jon Asher, and Ryan S. Jhun. It was released digitally on October 7, 2015 in conjunction with the release of the EP, and was released on Korean Broadcasting System's \"K-Pop Connection\" radio on October 9.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7525405542993748c897ce", "question_text": "What is the name of the American author, songwriter, educator, lawyer, diplomat, civil rights activist and husband to Grace Nail Johnson who was the first African American executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["James Weldon Johnson"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lulu Belle Madison White", "paragraph_text": "Lulu (or Lula) Belle Madison White (1900-1957) was a teacher and civil rights activist in Texas during the 1940s and 1950s. In 1939, White was named as the president of the Houston chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) before becoming executive secretary of the branch in 1943. Under her leadership, the Houston chapter of the NAACP more than doubled in size from 1943 to 1948.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hubert Thomas Delany", "paragraph_text": "Hubert Thomas Delany ( ; May 11, 1901 - December 28, 1990) was an American civil rights pioneer, a lawyer, politician, Assistant U.S. Attorney, the first African American Tax Commissioner of New York and one of the first appointed African American judges in New York City. Judge Delany was on the board of Directors for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Harlem YMCA and became an active leader in the Harlem Renaissance. He also served as a Vice President of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Clement G. Morgan", "paragraph_text": "Clement Garnett Morgan (1859-1929) was an American attorney, civil rights activist, and city official of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Born into slavery in Virginia and freed by the Emancipation Proclamation, he trained as a barber before moving to Massachusetts to pursue his education. He was the first African American to earn degrees from both Harvard University and its law school; the first African American to deliver Harvard's senior class oration; and the first black alderman in New England. As an attorney he handled many civil rights cases, in one instance closing down a segregated school. He was a founding member of the Niagara Movement and of the Boston branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Daisy Elizabeth Adams Lampkin", "paragraph_text": "Daisy Elizabeth Adams Lampkin (August 9, 1883 \u2013 March 10, 1965) was an American [[suffragist[[Civil rights movement|civil rights]] activist, organization executive, and community practitioner whose career spanned over half a century. Lampkin\u2019s effective skills as an orator, fundraiser, organizer, and political activist guided the work being conducted by the [[National Association of Colored Women]] (NACW); [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (NAACP); [[National Council of Negro Women]] and other leading civil rights organizations of the [[Progressive Era]].", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "James Weldon Johnson", "paragraph_text": "James Weldon Johnson (June 17, 1871June 26, 1938) was an American author, educator, lawyer, diplomat, songwriter, and civil rights activist. Johnson is best remembered for his leadership of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), where he started working in 1917. In 1920 he was the first African American to be chosen as executive secretary of the organization, effectively the operating officer. He served in that position from 1920 to 1930. Johnson established his reputation as a writer, and was known during the Harlem Renaissance for his poems, novels, and anthologies collecting both poems and spirituals of black culture.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "W. E. B. Du Bois", "paragraph_text": "William Edward Burghardt \"W. E. B.\" Du\u00a0Bois ( ; February 23, 1868 \u2013 August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du\u00a0Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community. After completing graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Du\u00a0Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Charles Evers", "paragraph_text": "James Charles Evers (born September 11, 1922) is an American civil rights activist and former politician. A Republican, Evers was known for his role in the Civil Rights Movement along with his younger brother Medgar Evers. He was made the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) State Voter Registration Chairman in 1954. After his brother's assassination in 1963, Evers took over his position as field director of the NAACP in Mississippi. As field director, Evers organized and led many demonstrations for the rights of African Americans.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Grace Nail Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Grace Nail Johnson (February 27, 1885 \u2013 November 1, 1976) was a civil rights activist and patron of the arts, and wife of writer James Weldon Johnson.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Terry Francois", "paragraph_text": "Terry A. Francois ( 1922 \u2013 June 9, 1989) was an African American attorney, civil rights activist, and politician. He served as San Francisco chapter president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and became the first African American to serve on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ernest McBride, Sr.", "paragraph_text": "Ernest Samuel McBride, Sr (November 20, 1909 \u2013 May 5, 2007) was an African American civil rights activist and community leader based in Long Beach, California. He fought to improve the working prospects and conditions of African Americans in the shipyards, grocery stores, housing, police and fire departments in Long Beach. He was a co-founder of the Long Beach chapter of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Like Martin Luther King, Jr., McBride employed Mahatma Gandhi's model of peaceful protest to achieve civil rights gains. He became a target of the FBI's CONINTELPRO, which targeted many of the country's civil rights organizations and leaders, including Martin Luther King, Jr. - most famously resulting in the FBI - King Suicide Letter. McBride's legacy is memorialized in numerous awards, historic land marking of his home, and the naming of a high school and park.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae2136d5542997283cd23b6", "question_text": "Which is the Oil Capital of China, Chaoyang District, Shantou, or Daqing?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Daqing"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Daqing", "paragraph_text": "Daqing (; formerly romanized as Taching) is a prefecture-level city in the west of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. The name literally means \"Great Celebration\". Daqing is known as the Oil Capital of China and has experienced a phenomenal boom since oil was discovered at the Daqing Oil Field in 1959.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hao Kuih", "paragraph_text": "Hao Kuih (Teochew dialect pronunciation) is a special snack originating in Shantou, Guangdong Province, China. It is famous for its unique shape and delicious flavor. For many years, it has been popular among overseas Chinese and local people. First appearing in Chaoyang District in Shantou, Hao Kuih is generally not well known beyond the Chaoshan community. Containing wisdom of the old generation, Hao Kuih is still a precious heritage for Chaoshan natives.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chaoyang Park Station", "paragraph_text": "Chaoyang Park is a station on Line 14 of the Beijing Subway in China. It is located near Chaoyang Park in Chaoyang District. As of 28 December 2014, the station had still not opened., It opened on 31 December 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lucky Street, Beijing", "paragraph_text": "Lucky Street (Chinese: \u597d\u8fd0\u8857 \"Haoyunjie\") is a restaurant street in Beijing uniquely offering a street of almost entirely foreign cuisine, many restaurants of which are joint ventures or foreign run. The street includes German, Spanish, Italian, French, Indian, Japanese, Korean and a smaller number of Chinese restaurants. The street was deliberately developed by the Chaoyang District municipal government to create an area of restaurants catering to the Chaoyang District's large expat community. The street runs along one side of the road opposite another development on land formerly part of Chaoyang Park, the Solana Shopping Village.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Haojiang District", "paragraph_text": "Haojiang District () is a district of Shantou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. It was established in March 2003, consisting the former Dahao (\u8fbe\u6fe0) and Hepu (\u6cb3\u6d66) districts. It covers 134.88 km2 . Dahao Island, which covers about 80 km2 , is part of Shantou special economic zone, to the west of Chaoyang District. Overlooking across the Queshi sea (\u7910\u77f3\u6d77), there are Longhu District (\u9f99\u6e56) and Jinping District (\u91d1\u5e73). Located on the coast of the South China Sea, Haojiang District has about 20 harbours. It has a population of 270,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Shuangjing Subdistrict, Beijing", "paragraph_text": "Shuangjing Subdistrict () is a subdistrict of Chaoyang District, Beijing, located in the vicinity of Beijing East Railway Station and the Beijing CBD Its boundaries are the Tonghui River to the North, the East 4th Ring Road to the East, Jinsong High Street to the South, and the boundary between Chaoyang District and Dongcheng District to the West. , it had 12 residential communities (\u793e\u533a ) under its administration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Haimen, Guangdong", "paragraph_text": "Haimen () is a town of Chaoyang District, Shantou, in the east of Guangdong province, China, and is situated on the South China Sea coast. It administers 16 villages, and in 2005, it had a population of about 114,300 residing in a total area of 38.5 km2 , although 10.7 km2 of it is ocean. In December 2011, it was the site of protests where thousands of demonstrators spoke out over plans to expand a coal-fired power plant in the town.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Origus", "paragraph_text": "Beijing Origus Food & Beverage Ltd., doing business as Origus Pizza Buffet () or Origus (), is a Chinese Western-style buffet chain. It is headquartered in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Previously it was headquartered in Wangjiao Plaza in Wangjing Subdistrict of Chaoyang District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cheng Lianyuan", "paragraph_text": "Cheng Lianyuan (; born December 1961) is a Chinese politician, and current Communist Party Secretary of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province. Born in Beijing, Cheng graduated with a degree in engineering at the Beijing University of Technology. He began work as a mechanical factory worker, he then worked in a series of management roles at different companies in the capital. He entered the municipal government to head up the department of Industrial Advancement. Then he became district governor of Chaoyang District, Beijing, then in July 2012 he was named Chaoyang District party chief. In July 2015 he was named party chief of Kunming.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Chaoyang District, Shantou", "paragraph_text": "Chaoyang District (postal: Chaoyang; ) is a district in the municipality of Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adf9f6c5542992d7e9f93c2", "question_text": "Over what time period was the motion picture studio which produced Marvel One-Shots known as \"Marvel Films\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["from 1993 to 1996"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "All Hail the King", "paragraph_text": "All Hail the King is a 2014 American direct-to-video short film featuring the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) character Trevor Slattery, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on the home media release of \"\". It is a follow up and spin-off of \"Iron Man 3\", and is the fifth film in the Marvel One-Shots short film series. The film is written and directed by Drew Pearce, and is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. It stars Ben Kingsley, Scoot McNairy, Lester Speight, and Sam Rockwell, with Kingsley reprising his role from \"Iron Man 3\", and Rockwell reprising his role from \"Iron Man 2\". In \"All Hail the King\", a documentary filmmaker interviews the infamous fake terrorist Trevor Slattery from behind bars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Item 47", "paragraph_text": "Item 47 is a 2012 American direct-to-video short film featuring the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention Enforcement and Logistics Division), produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on the home media release of \"Marvel's The Avengers\". It is a follow up and spin-off of \"The Avengers\", and is the third film in the Marvel One-Shots short film series. The film is directed by Louis D'Esposito, with a screenplay by Eric Pearson, and is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise. It stars Lizzy Caplan, Jesse Bradford, Maximiliano Hern\u00e1ndez, and Titus Welliver, with Hern\u00e1ndez reprising his role from the film series. In \"Item 47\", two civilians come across a Chitauri gun and use it to commit crimes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Televisa San \u00c1ngel", "paragraph_text": "Televisa San \u00c1ngel (originally Estudios y Laboratorios San \u00c1ngel, S.A.) is a film and television studio located in Mexico City. It was originally built by Jorge Stahl as a motion picture studio, and in the 1970s would be sold to the Azc\u00e1rraga family, which, through ownership of the Televisa networks, continues to own the studios. It is the headquarters facility of the Centro de Educaci\u00f3n Art\u00edstica (CEA) and the Videocine (formerly Televicine) motion picture production and distribution company. The network's Centro de Post Produccion is also housed at San \u00c1ngel. Moreover, it is best known as a motion picture and television studio. It is the oldest movie and television production facility in Mexico and the most famous telenovela studio facility in Latin America. It was one of the four main Mexican film studios along with Estudios Churubusco, Estudios Am\u00e9rica, and Estudios Tepeyac.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Marvel One-Shots", "paragraph_text": "Marvel One-Shots are a series of direct-to-video short films produced by Marvel Studios, set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), released from 2011 to 2014. They are included as special features in the MCU films' Blu-ray and digital distribution releases, but are not included in the DVD releases. Each of the films, which range from 4 to 15 minutes, are designed to be a self-contained story that provides more backstory for characters or events introduced in the films. Two of the shorts have been the inspiration for television series set in the MCU.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Charles Evans Jr.", "paragraph_text": "Charles Evans Jr. is an American film producer and documentary film director. He produced Johnny Depp's first directorial effort, \"The Brave\". He was one of four producers on the 2004 Howard Hughes biopic \"The Aviator\", although his production credit was controversial. Evans is the nephew of former motion picture studio executive Robert Evans, and the son of fashion industry executive and motion picture producer Charles Evans.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Phil Coulson", "paragraph_text": "Phillip \"Phil\" Coulson is a character portrayed by Clark Gregg in the films and television series of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). A high-ranking member of the espionage agency S.H.I.E.L.D., he first appeared in the 2008 film \"Iron Man\", the first film in the MCU. Gregg went on to appear in \"Iron Man 2\" (2010), \"Thor\" (2011), and \"The Avengers\" (2012). He additionally headlines the television series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" (2013\u2013), appears in two Marvel One-Shots (2011), has been featured in various tie-in comics, and appears in the digital series \"\" (2016), all set in the MCU. The character also appears in other media, including comics published by Marvel Comics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Marvel Studios", "paragraph_text": "Marvel Studios, LLC (originally known as Marvel Films from 1993 to 1996) is an American motion picture studio based at The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California and is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, itself a wholly owned division of The Walt Disney Company, with film producer Kevin Feige serving as president. Previously, the studio was a subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment until The Walt Disney Company reorganized the companies in August 2015.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "LDS Motion Picture Studios", "paragraph_text": "The institution that is now the LDS Motion Picture Studios began as the BYU Motion Picture Studio in 1953, and led by Wetzel Whitaker. It was originally located in a building called the Green Barn where the Ernest L. Wilkinson Center on Brigham Young University (BYU) Campus is now located.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nestor Film Company", "paragraph_text": "The Nestor Film Company, originally known as the Nestor Motion Picture Company, is a defunct American motion picture production company. It was founded in 1909 as the West Coast production unit of the Centaur Film Company located in Bayonne, New Jersey. On October 27, 1911, Nestor established the first permanent motion picture studio in Hollywood, California, and produced the first Hollywood films. The company merged with its distributor, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company, on May 20, 1912. Nestor became a brand name Universal used until at least mid-1917.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Solax Studios", "paragraph_text": "Solax Studios was an American motion picture studio founded in 1910 by executives from the Gaumont Film Company of France. Alice Guy-Blach\u00e9, her husband Herbert, and a third partner, George A. Magie, established The Solax Company. Alice Guy-Blach\u00e9 was artistic director and the director for many of its films, while her husband Herbert Blach\u00e9 managed production for the new company. They took over the studio Gaumont had built in Flushing, New York in 1908 for the production of Chronophone sound films, a venture which proved unsuccessful for Gaumont. Solax produced silent films in Flushing from October 1910 to the summer of 1912. Prospering, Solax invested more than $100,000 in a modern production plant in 1912 in Fort Lee, New Jersey, which had become the center of America's first motion picture industry.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac2a288554299657fa28ff5", "question_text": "What Nickelodeon movie stars the actress and YouTuber who appeared alongside Jon Voight in the 2016 film American Wrestler:The Wizard?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Terry the Tomboy"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "American Wrestler: The Wizard", "paragraph_text": "American Wrestler: The Wizard is a 2016 sports biographical film set in the world of competitive high school wrestling, and starring William Fichtner, Jon Voight, Ali Afshar, Gabriel Basso, Kevin G. Schmidt, Lia Marie Johnson and George Kosturos. In 1980, 17-year-old Ali Jahani escapes Iran after the Iran hostage crisis and must adjust to life in a small California town only to face more hostility in America due to the hostage crisis. Wanting to fit in, Ali joins the school's wrestling team and becomes the squad's star member. Ali faces a mountain of adversity everywhere he turns, but through determination and with a chance to change how others see him, Ali must step up and learn to be a hero against all odds.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Angelina Jolie", "paragraph_text": "Angelina Jolie Pitt ( ; n\u00e9e Voight; born June 4, 1975) is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian. She has received an Academy Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards, and has been cited as Hollywood's highest-paid actress. Jolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father, Jon Voight, in \"Lookin' to Get Out\" (1982). Her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production \"Cyborg 2\" (1993), followed by her first leading role in a major film, \"Hackers\" (1995). She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical cable films \"George Wallace\" (1997) and \"Gia\" (1998), and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama \"Girl, Interrupted\" (1999).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Fearless Frank", "paragraph_text": "Fearless Frank is a 1967 film directed by Philip Kaufman. It is notable as the film debut of Jon Voight. Voight plays a murdered drifter who gets reanimated and turned into a superhero by a scientist (Severn Darden). Other notable cast members include \"The Man With the Golden Arm\" author Nelson Algren as a mobster named Needles, and \"Word Jazz\" vocal artist Ken Nordine as the narrator, credited as \"The Stranger.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "James Haven", "paragraph_text": "James Haven (born James Haven Voight; May 11, 1973) is an American actor and producer. He is the son of actors Jon Voight and Marcheline Bertrand, and the older brother of actress Angelina Jolie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Dustin Hoffman filmography", "paragraph_text": "American actor Dustin Hoffman began his career by appearing in an episode of \"Naked City\" in 1961. His first theatrical performance was 1961's \"A Cook for Mr. General\" as Ridzinski. Following several guest appearances on television, he starred in the 1966 play \"Eh? \"; his performance garnered him both a Theatre World Award and Drama Desk Award. Hoffman made his film debut in 1967 when he appeared in the comedy \"The Tiger Makes Out\". In the same year, his breakthrough role as Benjamin \"Ben\" Braddock, the title character in Mike Nichols' comedy-drama \"The Graduate\", led to Hoffman achieving star status and his first Academy Award nomination. He then acted in the play \"Jimmy Shine\" as the eponymous character and the comedy film \"Madigan's Millions\" (both 1968). In 1969, he starred alongside Jon Voight in the Academy Award for Best Picture winner \"Midnight Cowboy\", which Hoffman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor a second time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Coming Home (1978 film)", "paragraph_text": "Coming Home is a 1978 American drama film directed by Hal Ashby, and starring Jane Fonda, Jon Voight and Bruce Dern. The screenplay by Waldo Salt and Robert C. Jones was from a story by Nancy Dowd. The film follows between a young woman, her Marine husband, and the paralyzed Vietnam War veteran she meets while her husband is overseas. Fonda and Voight won Academy Awards for their performances, while Dern was nominated for an Academy Award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lookin' to Get Out", "paragraph_text": "Lookin\u2019 to Get Out is a 1982 comedy film directed by Hal Ashby and written by Al Schwartz and Jon Voight, who also stars. Voight's daughter, Angelina Jolie, then seven years old, makes her acting debut by briefly appearing as Voight's character's daughter near the end of the movie. The film also stars Ann-Margret and Burt Young.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Barry Voight", "paragraph_text": "Barry Voight (born 1937) is an American geologist, volcanologist, author, and engineer. He is also the brother of actor Jon Voight and songwriter Chip Taylor, and the uncle of actress Angelina Jolie. After completing a five-year intensive dual-degree program at the University of Notre Dame, Voight became a teaching assistant there while pursuing his master's degree. He then studied at Cornell University for a year before transferring to Columbia University, where he earned his Ph.D. in geology in 1965. Voight worked as a professor of geology at several universities, including Pennsylvania State University, where he taught from 1964 until his retirement in 2005; he remains an emeritus professor there. He still conducts research, focusing on rock mechanics, plate tectonics, disaster prevention, and geotechnical engineering.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Angelina Jolie filmography", "paragraph_text": "Angelina Jolie is an American actress and filmmaker. As a child, she made her screen debut in the 1982 comedy film \"Lookin' to Get Out\", acting alongside her father Jon Voight. Eleven years later she appeared in her next feature, the low-budget film \"Cyborg 2\", a commercial failure. She then starred as a teenage hacker in the 1995 science fiction thriller \"Hackers\", which went on to be a cult film despite performing poorly at the box-office. Jolie's career prospects improved with a supporting role in the made-for-television film \"George Wallace\" (1997), for which she received the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Television Film. She made her breakthrough the following year in HBO's television film \"Gia\" (1998). For her performance in the title role of fashion model Gia Carangi, she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lia Marie Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Lia Marie Johnson (born November 23, 1996) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and Internet personality notable for appearing in various web series, including the Emmy-winning web series \"Kids React\" created by the Fine Brothers, and for her own vlogging and social media output. She is known for her starring role in the Nickelodeon movie \"Terry the Tomboy\" and for recurring roles in AwesomenessTV's Side Effects TV Series and My Music. In 2012 her personal YouTube channel, \"Lia Marie Johnson\", was reported to have received 16 million views. As of 2017, Lia's YouTube channel is reported to have surpassed 117 million views and currently maintains over 1.7 million subscribers, while her Instagram account was followed by 2.3 million followers. In a 2014 \"Adweek\" profile she was referred to as one of \"10 of the biggest young stars on YouTube\". In 2015 she was named one of the Top 100 YouTubers in the world.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adf74255542992d7e9f937d", "question_text": "At which level of French football does the football team named after the manager of France national team play?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Championnat National 3"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "France national football team records", "paragraph_text": "This list of France national football team records contains statistical accomplishments related to the France national football team (French: \"Equipe de France\" ), its players, and its managers. The France national team represents the nation of France in international football. It is fielded by the French Football Federation (French: \"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Fran\u00e7aise de Football\" ) and competes as a member of UEFA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Didier Deschamps", "paragraph_text": "Didier Claude Deschamps (] ; born 15 October 1968) is a retired French footballer and current manager of the France national team. He played as a defensive midfielder for several clubs, in France, Italy, England and Spain, such as Marseille, Juventus, Chelsea and Valencia, as well as Nantes and Bordeaux. Nicknamed \"the water-carrier\" by former France team-mate Eric Cantona, Deschamps was an intelligent and hard-working defensive midfielder who excelled at winning back possession and subsequently starting attacking plays, and also stood out for his leadership throughout his career. As a French international, he was capped on 103 occasions and took part at three UEFA European Football Championships and one FIFA World Cup, captaining his nation to victories in the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of France international footballers", "paragraph_text": "The France national football team (French: \"Equipe de France\" ) represents the nation of France in international association football. It is fielded by the French Football Federation (French: \"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Fran\u00e7aise de Football\" ), the governing body of football in France, and competes as a member of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), which encompasses the countries of Europe. The team played its first official international match on 1 May 1904 against Belgium. Since its first competitive match, more than 800 players have made at least one international appearance for the team, only players with 20 or more offici Jean Ducret became the first French international to reach 20 caps, doing so on 29 March in a 2\u20130 defeat to Italy. He was also one of the first permanent captains of the national team. Ducret was later surpassed by defender Raymond Dubly and goalkeeper Pierre Chayrigu\u00e8s, who both played with the national team until 1925. Dubly finished his international career with 31 caps. Three years after retiring from the national team, Dubly's amount was exceeded by Jules Dewaquez, who went on to finish his career with 41 appearances. Dewaquez's record stood for nearly a decade before his amount was equaled by Edmond Delfour in 1938 and later surmounted by \u00c9tienne Mattler a year later. Similar to Dubly, Mattler's amount was exceeded, however after two decades, by former Stade de Reims defenders Roger Marche and Robert Jonquet. It was the former player who took over the record outperforming Jonquet by just five caps. Marche's 63 appearances remained the France national team record for appearance-making for 24 years, the longest time between the record being broken and set again. Marche was surpassed by Marius Tr\u00e9sor, who set the record after appearing in an October 1983 friendly match against Spain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Aviron Bayonnais FC", "paragraph_text": "Aviron Bayonnais Football Club (] ; commonly referred to as simply Bayonne) is a French association football club based in Bayonne. The club is a part of a sports club that was formed in 1904 that is also known for its rugby union club. The football club was founded in 1935 and currently play in the Championnat National 3, the fifth level of French football. Bayonne plays its home matches at the Stade Didier Deschamps located in the city. It is named after Bayonne native, former youth player and the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000 winning captain Didier Deschamps, who also played for Marseille and Juventus.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "France national football team manager", "paragraph_text": "The France national football team manager was first established on 25 April 1964 following the appointment of the country's first national team manager Henri Gu\u00e9rin. Before this, the France national team was selected by a selection committee, a process in which the French Football Federation would select coaches and trainers from within the country or abroad to prepare the side for single games and tournaments, but with all decisions ultimately remaining under the control of the committee. From 1904\u20131913, the USFSA headed the committee, which was referred to as the \"Commission Centrale d'Association\". The committee was controlled by Andr\u00e9 Espir and Andr\u00e9 Billy and featured little to no physical preparation for upcoming matches. In 1913, the \"Comit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ais Interf\u00e9d\u00e9ral\", a precursor to the French Football Federation, took over the committee following the USFSA becoming affiliated with the organization and secretary general Henri Delaunay took control.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of French football champions", "paragraph_text": "The French football champions are the winners of the highest league of football in France, Ligue 1. Since the National Council of the French Football Federation voted in support of professionalism in French football in 1930, the professional football championship of France has been contested through Ligue 1, formerly known as Division 1 from 1933\u20132002. Prior to this, the first division championship of French football was contested through a league ran by the Union des Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Fran\u00e7aises de Sports Athl\u00e9tiques (USFSA), an organization that supported amateur sport. The USFSA's league ran from 1894\u20131919 and awarded 22 league titles before being suspended in 1915 due to World War I and the creation and success of the Coupe de France, which had quickly become the country's national competition. The USFSA returned in 1919 changing the league into numerous regional amateur leagues that awarded no league title. This system lasted from 1919\u20131926. In 1926, the first division's reigns were handed over to the French Football Federation. The federation organized and ran a league composed of the regional amateur league champions called the Championnat de France amateur from 1927\u20131929 and awarded three titles before the league was converted to the professional league that exists today in 1932.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "G\u00e9rard Houllier", "paragraph_text": "G\u00e9rard Houllier, OBE (] ; born 3 September 1947) is a French football manager and former player. His past clubs include Paris Saint-Germain, Lens and Liverpool, with whom he won the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup in 2001. He then guided Olympique Lyonnais to two French titles, before announcing his resignation on 25 May 2007. He became manager of Aston Villa in September 2010. He also coached the France national team between 1992 and 1993. He assisted Aim\u00e9 Jacquet in the FIFA World Cup 1998, was part of UEFA's and FIFA's Technical Committee in the 2002 and 2006 World Cup finals, and technical director for the French Football Federation during the 2010 finals. In June 2011, he stepped down from club coaching, leaving his managerial role at Aston Villa, following frequent hospitalisation over heart problems.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of France national football team captains", "paragraph_text": "The France national football team (French: \"Equipe de France\" ) represents the nation of France in international association football. It is fielded by the French Football Federation (FFF) (French: \"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Fran\u00e7aise de Football\" ) and competes as a member of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). The team played its first official international match on 1 May 1904 against Belgium. Since its first competitive match, more than 800 players have made at least one international appearance for the team. Of them, 105 have served as captain of the national team. This list contains football players who have served as captain of the French national team and is listed according to their number of matches captained.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "France national under-21 football team", "paragraph_text": "The France national under-21 football team (French: \"Equipe de France Espoirs\" ), known in France as Les Espoirs (] , \"The Hopes\"), is the national under-21 football team of France and is controlled by the French Football Federation. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, held every two years. The team was previously coached by former Toulouse manager Erick Mombaerts, however, following the team's failure to qualify for the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship in October 2012, he agreed to leave the position.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "France national under-19 football team", "paragraph_text": "The France national under-19 football team is the national under-19 football team of France and is controlled by the French Football Federation. The team competes in the annual UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. They were the 2010 champions of the competition having won on home soil. The under-19 team also contests the qualification matches needed to play in the FIFA U-20 World Cup, though the competition is classified as an under-20 tournament.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae7525f5542991e8301cc60", "question_text": "Kristine Moore Gebbie is a professor at a university founded in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1966"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nagaoka University of Technology", "paragraph_text": "Nagaoka University of Technology (\u9577\u5ca1\u6280\u8853\u79d1\u5b66\u5927\u5b66 , Nagaoka Gijutsu Kagaku Daigaku ) , abbreviated as Nagaoka Gidai, is a national technology university founded in 1976 in Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan. It is one of only two Universities of Technology, a form of university in Japan, the other being Toyohashi University of Technology in Aichi. Many students from colleges of technology, a 5-year college called \"kosen\" in Japan have enrolled. The university requires 4th year students to spend up to five months on-the-job experience (internship) in private enterprises, government agencies, and elsewhere. Having a high employment rate in the national universities in Japan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Adam Smith University", "paragraph_text": "Adam Smith University (also known as Adam Smith University of Liberia and \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Universitaire Adam Smith) is an unaccredited private distance learning university founded in 1991 by Dr. Donald Grunewald (MA Harvard 1955, MBA Harvard 1959, DBA Harvard 1962), who is still its president. Grunewald was president of Mercy College between 1972 and 1984. Since 1984 Grunewald is professor of Management at the Hagan School of Business at Iona College, teaching courses in Business Policy and Strategic Management (source: Iona college). Grunewald served as a Member of Advisory Board of The Wilton Bank (source: Bloomberg). Adam Smith university espouses the principle of independence from state control, believing that such control prevents it from furthering its mission.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "National University of Trujillo", "paragraph_text": "The National University of Trujillo (Spanish: \"Universidad Nacional de Trujillo\" ) (UNT) is a major public university located in Trujillo, Peru, capital of the department of La Libertad. The university was founded by Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar and Jos\u00e9 Faustino S\u00e1nchez Carri\u00f3n, who met in Huamachuco; they signed the decree of foundation on May 10, 1824, before Peru's independence from Spain. National University of Trujillo, was the first republican university founded in Peru.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Faculdades Integradas H\u00e9lio Alonso", "paragraph_text": "H\u00e9lio Alonso University or FACHA is a private university founded on December 6, 1971, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by professor H\u00e9lio Alonso (1929-2015). It has two campi: one located in M\u00e9ier and one in Botafogo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Kristine Gebbie", "paragraph_text": "Kristine Moore Gebbie is professor at the Flinders University School of Nursing & Midwifery in Adelaide, Australia. From 2008-2010, she was the Joan Hansen Grabe Dean of the Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College-City University of New York. Before moving to Hunter College, Gebbie was the Elizabeth Standish Gill Professor at the Columbia University School of Nursing and Director of Columbia's Center for Health Policy.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "National University of C\u00f3rdoba", "paragraph_text": "The National University of C\u00f3rdoba (Spanish: \"Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba\" , UNC), founded in 1613, is the oldest university in Argentina, the fourth oldest in South America and the sixth oldest in Latin America. It is located in C\u00f3rdoba, the capital of C\u00f3rdoba Province. Since the early 20th century it has been the second largest university in the country (after the University of Buenos Aires) in terms of the number of students, faculty, and academic programs. As the location of the first university founded in the land that is now Argentina, C\u00f3rdoba has earned the nickname La Docta (roughly translated, \"The Wise\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Flinders University", "paragraph_text": "Flinders University is a public university in Adelaide, South Australia. Founded in 1966, it was named in honour of navigator Matthew Flinders, who explored and surveyed the South Australian coastline in the early 19th century.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "University of Aberdeen", "paragraph_text": "The University of Aberdeen is a public research university in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is an ancient university founded in 1495 when William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen, petitioned Pope Alexander VI on behalf of James IV, King of Scots to establish King's College, making it Scotland's third-oldest university and the fifth-oldest in the English-speaking world. The university as it is today was formed in 1860 by a merger between King's College and Marischal College, a second university founded in 1593 as a Protestant alternative to the former. Today, Aberdeen is consistently ranked among the top 200 universities in the world and is one of two universities in the city, the other being the Robert Gordon University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "National Autonomous University of Le\u00f3n", "paragraph_text": "The National Autonomous University of L\u00e9on (Spanish: \"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Nicaragua, L\u00e9on\" ), founded in 1812, is a university in Nicaragua. It was the second university founded in Central America and the last founded under the colonial rule of the Spanish Empire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kristine Stiles", "paragraph_text": "Kristine Stiles (born Kristine Elaine Dolan in Denver, Colorado, 1947) is the France Family Professor of Art, Art History and Visual Studies at Duke University. She is an art historian, curator, and artist specializing in global contemporary art. She is best known for her scholarship on artists\u2019 writings, performance art, feminism, destruction and violence in art, and trauma in art. Stiles joined the faculty of Duke in 1988, and she has taught at the University of Bucharest and Venice International University. She received the Richard K. Lublin Distinguished Award for Undergraduate Teaching Excellence in 1994, and the Dean\u2019s Award for Excellence in Graduate Mentoring in 2011, both at Duke University. Among other fellowships and awards include a J. William Fulbright Fellowship in 1995, a Solomon R. Guggenheim Fellowship in 2000, and an Honorary Doctorate from Dartington College of Arts in Tontes, Devon, England in 2005.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8080365542992097ad2fed", "question_text": "A vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power is cosidered which, Flex-fuel or Bi-fuel?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["bi-fuel vehicles"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hydrogen highway (Japan)", "paragraph_text": "Japan's hydrogen highway is a network of hydrogen filling stations placed along roadsides that provide fuel for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV). An HFCV is a vehicle that uses a fuel cell to convert hydrogen energy into electrical energy. The hydrogen that is used in fuel cell vehicles can be made using fossil or renewable resources. The hydrogen highway is necessary for HFCVs to be used. HFCV reduce tailpipe emissions of greenhouse gases. By May 2016, there were approximately 80 hydrogen fueling stations in Japan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hydrogen vehicle", "paragraph_text": "A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power. Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen fueled space rockets, as well as automobiles and other transportation vehicles. The power plants of such vehicles convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine, or by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motors. Widespread use of hydrogen for fueling transportation is a key element of a proposed hydrogen economy.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE", "paragraph_text": "The Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE is a 2003 bi-fuel version of the RX-8 sports car, in which the twin-rotor wankel rotary engine is configured to run on either hydrogen or gasoline. This is the fifth Mazda vehicle to be fitted with a hydrogen wankel rotary engine. The hydrogen tank, with a capacity of 110 liters at 350 bar stores up to 2.4 kilograms of hydrogen and is fitted in addition to the 61 liter gasoline tank. In 2005, Mazda obtained street approval for this vehicle. The following year, the first vehicles were leased to customers (Idemitsu and Iwatani). In November 2007, Mazda announced the delivery of 30 RX-8 HRE to the Norwegian hydrogen project Hynor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hydrogen-powered aircraft", "paragraph_text": "A hydrogen-powered aircraft is an aeroplane that uses hydrogen fuel as a power source. Hydrogen can either be burned in some kind of jet engine, or other kind of internal combustion engine, or can be used to power a fuel cell to generate electricity to power a propeller.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Flexible-fuel vehicles in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Flexible-fuel vehicles in the United States are the second largest flex-fuel fleet in the world after Brazil, and there were about 17.4\u00a0million flex-fuel cars and light trucks in operation by the end of 2014. Despite the growing fleet of E85 flex-fuel vehicles, actual use of ethanol fuel is limited due to the lack of E85 refueling infrastructure and also because many American flex-fuel car owners were not aware they owned an E85 flex-fuel vehicle. Flex-fuel vehicles are common in the Midwest, where corn is a major crop and is the primary feedstock for ethanol fuel production. Also the U.S. government has been using flex-fuel vehicles for many years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Motive power", "paragraph_text": "In thermodynamics, motive power is a natural agent, such as water or steam, wind or electricity, used to impart motion to machinery such as an engine. Motive power may also be a locomotive or a motor, which provides motive power to a system. \"Motive power\" may be thought of as a synonym for either \"work\", i.e. force times distance, or \"power\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Flexible-fuel vehicle", "paragraph_text": "A flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) or dual-fuel vehicle (colloquially called a flex-fuel vehicle) is an alternative fuel vehicle with an internal combustion engine designed to run on more than one fuel, usually gasoline blended with either ethanol or methanol fuel, and both fuels are stored in the same common tank. Modern flex-fuel engines are capable of burning any proportion of the resulting blend in the combustion chamber as fuel injection and spark timing are adjusted automatically according to the actual blend detected by a fuel composition sensor. Flex-fuel vehicles are distinguished from bi-fuel vehicles, where two fuels are stored in separate tanks and the engine runs on one fuel at a time, for example, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or hydrogen.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "United States hydrogen policy", "paragraph_text": "The principle of a fuel cell was discovered by Christian Friedrich Sch\u00f6nbein in 1838, and the first fuel cell was constructed by Sir William Robert Grove in 1839. The fuel cells made at this time were most similar to today's phosphoric acid fuel cells. Most hydrogen fuel cells today are of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) type. A PEM converts the chemical energy released during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 was the first national legislation that called for large-scale hydrogen research. A five-year program was conducted that investigated the production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources and the feasibility of existing natural gas pipelines to carry hydrogen. It also called for the research into hydrogen storage systems for electric vehicles and the development of fuel cells suitable to power an electric motor vehicle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Bi-fuel vehicle", "paragraph_text": "Bi-fuel vehicles or otherwise known as dual fuel are vehicles with multifuel engines capable of running on two fuels. On internal combustion engines one fuel is gasoline or diesel, and the other is an alternate fuel such as natural gas (CNG), LPG, or hydrogen. The two fuels are stored in separate tanks and the engine runs on one fuel at a time in some cases, in others both fuels are used in unison. Bi-fuel vehicles have the capability to switch back and forth from gasoline or diesel to the other fuel, manually or automatically.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Fuel cell vehicle", "paragraph_text": "A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) or fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is a type of electric vehicle which uses a fuel cell, instead of a battery, or in combination with a battery or supercapacitor, to power its on-board electric motor. Fuel cells in vehicles generate electricity to power the motor, generally using oxygen from the air and compressed hydrogen. Most fuel cell vehicles are classified as zero-emissions vehicles that emit only water and heat. As compared with internal combustion vehicles, hydrogen vehicles centralize pollutants at the site of the hydrogen production, where hydrogen is typically derived from reformed natural gas. Transporting and storing hydrogen may also create pollutants.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7f38e255429930675136b6", "question_text": "The Ronkonkama railroad station and the town of Islip, New York are near?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Long Island"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lacona Railroad Station and Depot", "paragraph_text": "Lacona Railroad Station and Depot, also known as New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Station and Depot, is a historic railway depot located at Lacona in Oswego County, New York. It was built in 1891 by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. It is a small rectangular, one story, gable ended structure.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ronkonkoma (LIRR station)", "paragraph_text": "Ronkonkoma is a major railroad station and transportation hub along the Main Line of the Long Island Rail Road in Ronkonkoma, New York. The station is the eastern terminus of the Ronkonkoma Branch and the western terminus of the out Branch.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Erie Railroad Depot (Rochester, New York)", "paragraph_text": "Erie Railroad Depot, Erie Railroad Station or Erie Depot was the terminal station for the Erie Railroad in Rochester, New York, designed by George E. Archer, the railroad's architect. The station opened in 1887 between the Genesee River and Exchange Street on the south side of Court St. The station was one of the Erie's few electrified railroad stations, and was one of the first stations to provide electric commuter services in 1907. In 1905 the Lehigh Valley Railroad Station opened directly across the Genesee River from the Erie Depot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jamestown Gateway Train Station", "paragraph_text": "The Jamestown Gateway Train Station, also known as the Jamestown Erie Railroad station, and the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad Station, is a historic train station located at Jamestown in Chautauqua County, New York. Although no longer an active railroad station due to a lack of passenger service in the area after a restoration done in 2011 the building currently serves as a bus transportation center and community space for Jamestown. The first train arrived at Jamestown on August 25, 1860 as part of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "North Creek Railroad Station", "paragraph_text": "The North Creek Railroad Station is a historic railroad station complex located at North Creek, Warren County, New York. The complex consists of the railroad station, the freight house, round house, turntable, and horse barn. The station was built in 1874 and is a simple, rectangular, gable roofed building with a broad, overhanging strut-supported roof in the Stick-Eastlake style. Its exterior is covered with vertical boards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ronkonkoma, New York", "paragraph_text": "Ronkonkoma ( ) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) on Long Island in the Town of Islip, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 19,082 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Cambridge Springs (Erie Railroad station)", "paragraph_text": "Cambridge Springs (formerly Cambridge) was a railroad station for the Erie Railroad in Cambridge Springs, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. Cambridge Springs station was on the Main Line's Meadville Division, which was the section of the line between Salamanca, New York and Meadville, Pennsylvania. The station was located 501.2 mi from Manhattan and the Barclay Street Ferry, which connected to Pavonia Terminal in Jersey City, New Jersey and 480.8 mi from Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey. For nearly three decades, the station had connections to the Northwestern Pennsylvania Railway, which was a trolley line that connected the city of Erie and Meadville. Modern Erie Railroad station signage denoted the station as \"Home of Alliance College,\" a local private university that closed in 1987.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dykeman's (NYCRR station)", "paragraph_text": "Dykeman's was a station on the Harlem Line of the New York Central Railroad (now Metro-North Railroad). It was 55 miles from Grand Central Terminal. Rail service in Dykeman's can be traced as far back as 1848 with the establishment of the New York and Harlem Railroad, which became part of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1864 and eventually taken over by the New York Central Railroad. Dykeman's was also the northern terminus of double tracks on the Harlem Line which were controlled by \"Signal Station X\" until 1948. The station house was replaced by a small shelter on August 6, 1961, and was closed when the New York Central merged into Penn Central in 1968. No station structures remain at the site, which the MTA replaced with Brewster North Railroad Station in 1980.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ridgefield Park station", "paragraph_text": "Ridgefield Park Station, also known as West Shore Station, was railroad station in Ridgefield Park, New Jersey at the foot of Mount Vernon Street served by the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad (NYSW) and the West Shore Railroad, a division of New York Central (NYCRR) The New York, Ontario and Western Railway (NYO&W) had running rights along the West Shore and sometimes stopped at Ridgefield Park. First opened in 1883 it was one of three passenger stations in the village, the others being the Little Ferry Station to the south and Westview Station to the north. The station house, built at a cost $100,000 opened in 1927. Southbound service crossed Overpeck Creek and continued to terminals on the Hudson River waterfront where there was connecting ferry service across the Hudson River to Manhattan. Northbound near Bogota the parallel NYSW and West Shore lines diverge and continue into northern New Jersey, Pennsylviania, and upstate New York. Passenger service ended in 1966.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hyde Park Railroad Station", "paragraph_text": "The Hyde Park Railroad Station is the former New York Central Railroad station located where Crum Elbow Creek flows into the Hudson River in Hyde Park, New York. A one-story wooden station was first established by the Central at the spot in 1851 by the Hudson River Railroad, connecting New York City and Albany. It was replaced by the existing building, built in a combination of the Mission and Spanish Revival styles by Warren and Wetmore, the railroad's preferred architects who had also designed Grand Central Terminal and the nearby Poughkeepsie station, in 1914.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab414295542996a3a969f1d", "question_text": "What career led Brandon James Routh to move to the city where Brian Ralston lives?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["an acting career"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "B. J. Garbe", "paragraph_text": "Brandon James Garbe (born February 3, 1981 in Moses Lake, Washington) is an American former minor league baseball player. In 1999, Garbe won the Gatorade High School Baseball Player of the Year Award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Brandon Fleming (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Brandon James Fleming (born 3 December 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays for Championship side Hull City as a defender.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Paul Michaux", "paragraph_text": "Doctor Paul Michaux (born Paul-Marie Michaux; 16 November 1854\u00a0\u2013 21 November 1923) was a French surgeon. After studying at the Paul Verlaine University\u00a0\u2013 Metz, he migrated to Paris, where he actively participated in the Conf\u00e9rence Olivaint and later became president of the organisation. After completing an internship and thesis, his career led him into various hospitals in the city and suburbs, where he developed medical innovations and performed research. As a member of the parish patronage committee, Michaux's moral and religious beliefs led him to establish a type of gymnastics specifically intended for Christian Patriots. His enthusiasm for the sport was reflected with the foundation of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration gymnastique et sportive des patronages de France in 1898, which later became the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration sportive et culturelle de France, the foundation of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration gymnastique et sportive des patronages de France in 1898 (later the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration sportive et culturelle de France), an organisation which took prompt steps to support team sports (including football and basketball) as well as choral music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Pilot (Scream)", "paragraph_text": "\"Pilot\" is the pilot and first episode of the first season of the American horror television series, \"Scream\". The series is based on the American horror film franchise of the same name. The series revolves around the main character, Emma Duvall, played by Willa Fitzgerald, who lives in the town of Lakewood. She quickly becomes the center of a series of murders amongst teens who know her. The massacre seems to be related to the Brandon James murders, who was supposedly obsessed with Emma's mother (Tracy Middendorf).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Marcus Sedatius Severianus", "paragraph_text": "Marcus Sedatius Severianus (Latin: \"Marcus Sedatius C. f. Severianus Iulius Acer Metillius Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor\"; Ancient Greek: \"\u039c. \u03a3\u03b7\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b5\u03bf\u03c5\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2\"; ca. 105-161/162) was a senator, consul, and Roman general during the 2nd-century AD, originally from Gaul. Sedatius was a provincial governor and later a provincial consul. His career led up to consul \"suffect\" in 153. However brilliant, his career did not progress quickly through the \"cursus honorum\". He had to earn his way from patrician to the more prestigious senatorial order. It is distinguished through his link with the oracle of Glycon (Alexander of Abonoteichus) while its end shows the military difficulties of the Empire during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. He was governor of Cappadocia at the start of the Roman war with Parthia during which he was convinced by the untrustworthy oracle to invade Armenia in 161, although Parthia had been making trouble in Armenia since the death of the emperor Antoninus Pius (died 7 March 161). Sedatius committed suicide while under siege in the Armenian city of Elegeia, on the upper Euphrates. He was replaced as governor of Cappadocia by Marcus Statius Priscus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Franz Walz", "paragraph_text": "Generalleutnant Franz Walz began his military career in the infantry in 1905. In 1912, he switched to aviation. He attained the rank of Hauptmann (Captain) while becoming a flying ace during World War I. He flew more than 500 combat sorties in Palestine and upon the Western Front. He scored seven confirmed aerial victories in the latter theater. His later career led him to join the Luftwaffe during World War II. Toward the end of the war, he was captured by the Russians and died in one of their prison camps in December 1945.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Brandon Williams (defensive tackle)", "paragraph_text": "Brandon James Williams (born February 21, 1989) is an American football defensive tackle for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Ravens in the third round of the 2013 NFL Draft. He played college football at Missouri Southern.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Brandon Routh", "paragraph_text": "Brandon James Routh (born October 9, 1979) is an American actor and former fashion model. He grew up in Iowa before moving to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career, and subsequently appeared on multiple television series throughout the early 2000s. In 2006, he gained greater recognition for his role as the titular superhero of the 2006 film \"Superman Returns\". He also had a recurring role in the TV series \"Chuck\", as Daniel Shaw. Following this, he had notable supporting roles in the films \"Zack and Miri Make a Porno\" and \"Scott Pilgrim vs. the World\". In 2014, he began a recurring role on \"Arrow\" as Ray Palmer/Atom which spun off into a guest role on \"The Flash\" and a starring role on \"Legends of Tomorrow\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Brian Ralston", "paragraph_text": "Brian Ralston (born April 12, 1974) is a composer and musician living in Los Angeles. Ralston is a graduate of the University of Arizona and the USC Thornton School of Music Scoring for Motion Pictures and Television program. Brian's latest film is the 2017 drama Rose starring Cybill Shepherd, James Brolin and Pam Grier. In 2012 he scored the 20th Century Fox inspirational sports film Crooked Arrows, starring Brandon Routh, directed by Steve Rash. He has also composed music for the television series \"Angel\" (Season 4) and scores to the theatrical motion pictures \"9/Tenths\", directed by Bob Degus (\"Pleasantville\") starring Gabrielle Anwar, Henry Ian Cusick and Dave Ortiz, the Magnolia Pictures teen heist movie Graduation directed by Mike Mayer and starring Adam Arkin, Shannon Lucio, Chris Marquette, Riley Smith and Chris Lowell, and the dramatic feature Don't Fade Away directed by Luke Kasdan, starring Beau Bridges, Mischa Barton and Ryan Kwanten.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Brandon Keener", "paragraph_text": "Brandon James Keener (born October 1, 1974) is an American actor living in Los Angeles, California. He was born and raised in Fort Smith, Arkansas and graduated from University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, where he won an Irene Ryan scholarship for collegiate actors and performed at the Kennedy Center.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7b88b45542997c3ec97201", "question_text": "Which of Damon Stoudamire's cousins once played college basketball for the University of Kentucky?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Terrence Jones"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Garnett Thompson", "paragraph_text": "Garnett Thompson is an American professional basketball player. He is from Islip, New York and initially played college basketball at Suffolk Community College. The 6'9\" Forward played college basketball with the Providence Friars. He only played at Providence University for 1 year. He has played internationally with AZS Koszalin of Poland. Thompson has played professionally in Lebanon as well. In Lebanon, he has helped the Ceders achieve success. He has played at Lebanon for 5 years. He has also found playing time in Street Basketball at the Entertainers Ball Classic at Rucker Park. He returned in 2016 to play with the Lebanese team Champville without being paid in the Henri Chalhoub Tournament, he helped his team reach the final but lost against Byblos.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2016\u201317 Pacific Tigers men's basketball team", "paragraph_text": "The 2016\u201317 Pacific Tigers men's basketball team represented the University of the Pacific during the 2016\u201317 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They played their home games at the Alex G. Spanos Center as members of the West Coast Conference. The Tigers were led by first-year head coach Damon Stoudamire. They finished the season 11\u201322, 4\u201314 in WCC play to finish in ninth place. They defeated Pepperdine in the first round of the WCC Tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Gonzaga.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Damon Stoudamire", "paragraph_text": "Damon Lamon Stoudamire (born September 3, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player and the current head men's basketball coach at the University of the Pacific. The 5 ft , 171 lb point guard was selected with the 7th overall pick by the Toronto Raptors in the 1995 NBA draft and won the 1995\u201396 NBA Rookie of the Year Award. He played collegiately at the University of Arizona, and professionally for the Toronto Raptors, Portland Trail Blazers, Memphis Grizzlies and San Antonio Spurs. He is the cousin of former Arizona Wildcats standout Salim Stoudamire and current NBA player Terrence Jones.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Terrence Jones", "paragraph_text": "Terrence Alexander Jones (born January 9, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Qingdao DoubleStar of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). He played college basketball for the University of Kentucky.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "DeMarcus Cousins", "paragraph_text": "DeMarcus Amir Cousins (born August 13, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed \"Boogie\", he played college basketball for the University of Kentucky, where he was an All-American in 2010. He left Kentucky after one season, and was selected with the fifth overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft by the Sacramento Kings. In his first season with the Kings, Cousins was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team, and from 2015 to 2017, he was named an NBA All-Star. He is also a two-time gold medal winner as a member of the United States national team, winning his first in 2014 at the FIBA Basketball World Cup and his second in 2016 at the Rio Olympics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "2012\u201313 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team", "paragraph_text": "The 2012\u201313 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team represented the University of Memphis in the 2012\u201313 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, the 92nd season of Tiger basketball. The Tigers were coached by head coach Josh Pastner, who was assisted by Damon Stoudamire, Jimmy Williams and Aki Collins. Stoudamire and Williams both assisted Pastner in 2011\u201312, and Collins left Marquette in May 2012 to join Pastner's staff. The Tigers played their home games at the FedExForum in Memphis. The 2012\u201313 season was the final season the Tigers participated in Conference USA before joining the American Athletic Conference in 2013\u201314. They finished the season 31\u20135, 16\u20130 in C-USA play to be Conference USA regular season champions. They also were champions of the Conference USA Tournament, winning the championship game in two overtimes vs Southern Miss, to earn an automatic bid to the 2013 NCAA Tournament. In the tournament, they defeated Saint Mary's in the second round before losing in the third round to Michigan State.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Don Haskins", "paragraph_text": "Donald Lee Haskins (March 14, 1930 \u2013 September 7, 2008), nicknamed \"The Bear\", was an American basketball player and coach. He played college basketball for three years under coach Henry Iba at Oklahoma A&M (now Oklahoma State University). He was the head coach at Texas Western College (renamed the University of Texas at El Paso in 1967) from 1961 to 1999. His greatest triumph occurred in 1966, when his team won the NCAA Tournament over the Wildcats of the University of Kentucky, coached by Adolph Rupp. The watershed game initiated the end of racial segregation in college basketball.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pacific Tigers men's basketball", "paragraph_text": "The University of the Pacific Tigers men's basketball team is an NCAA Division I member, part of the West Coast Conference. The team is based in Stockton, California. They play their home games at the Alex G. Spanos Center and are led by head coach Damon Stoudamire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2011\u201312 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team", "paragraph_text": "The 2011\u201312 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team represented the University of Memphis in the 2011\u201312 college basketball season, the 91st season of Tiger basketball. The Tigers were coached by head coach Josh Pastner. Pastner was assisted by Jack Murphy and Damon Stoudamire. From the summer of 2011 until December 2011, NBA player Luke Walton was also an assistant coach, though he departed from the position with the end of the NBA lockout. Jimmy Williams was brought in to replace Walton for the remainder of the 2011\u201312 season. The Tigers played their home games at the FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee and were members of Conference USA.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "1995\u201396 Toronto Raptors season", "paragraph_text": "The 1995\u201396 NBA season was the Toronto Raptors' first season in the National Basketball Association. The Raptors, along with the Vancouver Grizzlies, played their first games in 1995, and were the first NBA teams to play in Canada since the 1946\u201347 Toronto Huskies. Former Detroit Pistons star Isiah Thomas became the team's General Manager. In their debut on November 3, the Raptors defeated the New Jersey Nets at the SkyDome 94\u201379, but went on a 7-game losing streak afterwards. At midseason, the team acquired second-year forward Sharone Wright from the Philadelphia 76ers, and Doug Christie from the New York Knicks. The Raptors finished last place in the Central Division with a 21\u201361 record. Top draft pick Damon Stoudamire was named Rookie of The Year averaging 19.0 points, and 9.3 assists per game. Following the season, Tracy Murray signed as a free agent with the Washington Bullets, Oliver Miller signed with the Dallas Mavericks and Alvin Robertson retired.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8e83545542990e94052b28", "question_text": "Where was the founder of the Trussed Concrete Steel Company raised?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Detroit, Michigan"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Truscon Laboratories", "paragraph_text": "Truscon Laboratories was a research and development chemical laboratory of the Trussed Concrete Steel Company (\"Truscon\") of Detroit, Michigan. It made waterproofing liquid chemical products that went into or on cement and plaster. The products goals were to provide damp-proofing and waterproofing finishing for concrete and Truscon steel to guard against disintegrating action of water and air.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hy-Rib", "paragraph_text": "Hy-Rib was a brand name for a product manufactured by the Trussed Concrete Steel Company. It is an engineering reinforcement system for floors, walls, and ceilings of buildings and houses. This product is a derivative of the Kahn Trussed Bar for beams and columns that was invented by Julius Kahn. Kahn engineered the Hy-Rib products and they were first manufactured in 1909.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "F.J. Griffiths", "paragraph_text": "Frederick J. Griffiths (December 11, 1878 - October 17, 1951) was an early, English-born engineer in the Stark County, Ohio steel industry. He is best known for working with Henry Ford to develop a vanadium alloy steel in order to produce lighter-weight, stronger automobiles. When the Massillon Rolling Mill Company merged into the Central Steel Company in June 1914, Griffiths resigned as a chemist at Canton\u2019s United Steel Company to become Central's vice president and superintendent. He then became the president of the company. His daughter, Gertrude, lit the first open hearth furnace at the new Central Steel Company in 1915. In 1917, Griffith's was named to the Massillon Steel Casting Company board of directors. The company's earliest orders came from the United States military for production of the steel-rated equipment and supplies needed for World War I. By 1919, 3 of his 5 brothers were all superintendents at Central Steel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Albert Kahn Associates", "paragraph_text": "Albert Kahn Associates is an architectural design firm in Detroit, Michigan with a second office located in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil. It was established in 1895 and is still active today. It introduced a new technology in industrial building involving a unique reinforced concrete method referred to as the Kahn System of construction using proprietary patented reinforcement steel manufactured by Trussed Concrete Steel Company. The building of automobile factories and other types of factories were revolutionized from wooden timber framing construction. Besides being an advanced technology in strength that led to wider open interior spaces, it featured a high degree of fire resistance and larger window space for light. The firm started by Albert Kahn built factories for Chrysler for over a decade, Ford Automobile for 30 years and Packard Automobile for 35 years. Other important clients of the firm were Republic Steel and General Motors. The firm was awarded a $40 million dollar contract to build a tractor factory in Russia in 1928. The firm's output was over a million dollars worth of work per week by 1929. By 1939, the firm designed 19 percent of all industrial buildings in the United States and had designed some $800\u00a0million of buildings worldwide. Currently, Albert Kahn Associates is still making history with state-of-the-art projects. Recent projects include creating the world's largest penguin conservatory,located at the Detroit Zoo, which opened in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Geofeedia", "paragraph_text": "Geofeedia is a social media intelligence platform that associates social media posts with geographic locations. The company raised $3.5 million in their second round of venture capital in October 2014. At the time, major clients included the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department and Dell. Clients could visualize posts in an area in realtime and analyze the contents. Services mined by Geofeedia include Instagram, Twitter, Periscope, Vine, YouTube, and Sina Weibo. The company raised $17 million in Series B funding in early 2016 from Silversmith Capital Partners and reported 250% revenue growth in 2015 with clients including Mall of America and the NCAA. At this time, 60 people worked for the company. In October 2016, the American Civil Liberties Union published a report that the company's technologies were used to identify and arrest protestors in events such as the 2015 Baltimore protests that followed the death of Freddie Gray. Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, who were named in the report, restricted Geofeedia's access to user data as a result. Facebook had used the service itself to detect an intruder uploading photos taken inside the office of its CEO, Mark Zuckerberg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Trussed Concrete Steel Company", "paragraph_text": "The Trussed Concrete Steel Company was a company founded by Julius Kahn, an engineer and inventor. The company manufactured prefabricated products for reinforced concrete beams and steel forms for building reinforced concrete floors and walls. Kahn invented and patented a unique new technology reinforcement system of construction called the Kahn System that was stronger, more economical, and lighter than the existing old school technology used up to that point to construct buildings. The old method was to use plain straight smooth steel beams or loose rods or stirrups in concrete beams and floors. Kahn's new technology improved system used 45 degree tab flanges or \"wings\" permanently attached on steel beams that distributed the tension stress for overall improvement in strength of reinforced concrete.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Benjamin Franklin Fairless", "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Franklin Fairless (May 3, 1890 \u2014 January 1, 1962) was an American steel company executive. He was president of a wide range of steel companies during a turbulent and formative period in the American steel industry. His roles included President of Central Alloy Steel from 1928 to 1930; First Vice President of Republic Steel (which had absorbed Central Steel) from 1930 to 1935; President of the Carnegie-Illinois Steel Company from 1935 to 1938; and then President, and later Chairman of the board of directors and Chief Executive Officer of U.S. Steel (the largest steel company in the United States) from 1938 to 1955.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Julius Kahn (inventor)", "paragraph_text": "Kahn was born in M\u00fcnstereifel, Germany, March 8, 1874. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. Kahn came to Detroit in 1881 from Germany with his family (five brothers and two sisters) when he was six years old, settling first in Baltimore, Maryland in 1880. His father Joseph (1860\u20131924) was a rabbi and ran a restaurant. Kahn helped in his father's restaurant business and sold newspapers. His mother Rosalie was skilled in music and art. Kahn went to the Detroit Public Schools where he received his elementary schooling, doing the normal four-year high school in three years.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lackawanna Steel Company", "paragraph_text": "The Lackawanna Steel Company was an American steel manufacturing company that existed as an independent company from 1840 to 1922, and as a subsidiary of the Bethlehem Steel company from 1922 to 1983. Founded by the Scranton family, it was once the second-largest steel company in the world (and the largest company outside the U.S. Steel trust). Scranton, Pennsylvania developed around the company's original location. When the company moved to a suburb of Buffalo, New York, in 1902, it stimulated the founding of the city of Lackawanna.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Charles Martin Hall", "paragraph_text": "Charles Martin Hall (December 6, 1863\u00a0\u2013 December 27, 1914) was an American inventor, businessman, and chemist. He is best known for his invention in 1886 of an inexpensive method for producing aluminum, which became the first metal to attain widespread use since the prehistoric discovery of iron. He was one of the founders of ALCOA. Alfred E. Hunt, together with Charles Hall and a group of five other individuals including his partner at the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, George Hubbard Clapp, his chief chemist, W.S. Sample, Howard Lash, head of the Carbon Steel Company, Millard Hunsiker, sales manager for the Carbon Steel Company, and Robert Scott, a mill superintendent for the Carnegie Steel Company, Hunt raised $20,000 to launch the Pittsburgh Reduction Company which was later renamed Aluminum Company of America and shortened to Alcoa.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a728f015542991f9a20c4e4", "question_text": "Which star of Zork was also the voice of Pac-Man?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Martin Ingerman"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Emiri Kat\u014d", "paragraph_text": "Emiri Kat\u014d (\u52a0\u85e4 \u82f1\u7f8e\u91cc , Kat\u014d Emiri , born November 26, 1983 in Fussa, Tokyo) is a Japanese voice actress and singer working for 81 Produce. At the 2nd Seiyu Awards, she won Best New Actress with her roles in \"Powerpuff Girls Z\" as Momoko Akatsutsumi/Hyper Blossom and \"Lucky Star\" as Kagami Hiiragi. She also shared a Best Singing Award with the rest of the \"Lucky Star\" girls for the theme song \"Motteke! Sailor Fuku\". At the 6th Seiyu Awards, she won Best Supporting Actress with roles such as Kyubey in \"Puella Magi Madoka Magica\", Kiko Kayanuma in \"Darker Than Black\", and Mey-Rin in \"Black Butler\". She and fellow voice actress Kaori Fukuhara were in a duo music group called Kato*Fuku, which sang theme songs for \"When Supernatural Battles Became Commonplace\" and \"Battle Spirits Saikyo Ginga Ultimate Zero\". Kato*Fuku released three albums from 2012 to 2015, and disbanded in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dex Manley", "paragraph_text": "Dexter \"Dex\" Manley is an American commercial and video game voice actor. He has worked under 300 commercials and 25 video games. He worked for Microsoft, Boeing Company, Alaska Airlines, and others. Dexter extensively worked for Nintendo, providing voice for many \"Mario\" and \"Donkey Kong\" games. He voiced Barry DeJay and Buddy Cheque in the Backyard Sports series, often working with his Mario colleagues Jen Taylor and Samantha Kelly, who both voiced Princess Peach. Manley also twice lent his voice talent to \"Star Fox\" series, voicing ROB 64 in \"\" and Falco Lombardi along with Peppy Hare in \"Super Smash Bros. Brawl\". He appeared as a host on 2005 SIGGRAPH meeting, where he discussed voice acting topics. Manley is the president of Tenacious Media, media and marketing company operating in Seattle, Washington. Dexter is also a film actor, usually filming in independent films and playing supporting roles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Marty Ingels", "paragraph_text": "Martin Ingerman (March 9, 1936 \u2013 October 21, 2015), known professionally as Marty Ingels, was an American actor, comedian, comedy sketch writer and theatrical agent, who is best known as the co-star of the 1960s television series\" I'm Dickens, He's Fenster\" and for voicing Pac-Man in the 1982 Hanna-Barbera animated television series of the same name.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Phantasy Star (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Phantasy Star (\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30bf\u30b7\u30fc\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc , Fantash\u012b Sut\u0101 ) is the first installment in Sega's renowned series of the same title. It was released for the Sega Mark III/Master System, in Japan on December 20, 1987 , and then for the Master System in North America and Europe in 1988. It is considered one of the pioneers amongst role-playing video games, both for its advanced graphics technology, and for being one of the first story-driven games released in the West. It is also notable for being one of the first games featuring a female protagonist after Ms. Pac-Man.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "David Acord", "paragraph_text": "David Acord is an American sound editor and voice actor best known for his contribution as a supervising sound editor of the 2015 film \"\". Acord is currently pending a nomination for the Academy Award for Academy Award for Best Sound Editing and British Academy Film Award for Best Sound for his work on \"The Force Awakens\", with fellow sound editor Matthew Wood. He also provided the voice of several characters in the film, including the stormtrooper FN-2199 (often known as TR-8R). Though the voice role is minimal, the character gained considerable attention on the Internet following the film's release. Acord also had minor voice roles as an Imperial Male PA and two stormtroopers on episodes of \"Star Wars Rebels\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Zork: Grand Inquisitor", "paragraph_text": "Zork: Grand Inquisitor is a graphic adventure game developed by Activision and released for Windows in 1997, and for Macintosh in 2001. It builds upon the \"Zork\" and \"Enchanter\" series of interactive fiction video games originally released by Infocom, and sees players attempting to restore magic to Zork, solving puzzles and using spells. The game features a notable cast of characters, with stars including Erick Avari, Michael McKean, Amy D. Jacobson, Marty Ingels, Earl Boen, Jordana Capra, Dirk Benedict, and Rip Taylor. \"\" was written and released as a promotional prequel to the game.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Starkiller", "paragraph_text": "Starkiller, born Galen Marek and also known as The Apprentice, is the Dark Jedi anti-hero protagonist of the \"\" project. In 2014, Lucasfilm rebranded him as part of the \"Star Wars Legends\" non-canonical story-line, and the character has not been re-introduced yet into the \"Star Wars\" canon. He is raised by Darth Vader and is made his secret apprentice under the name \"Starkiller\" due to being potent with using the Force for destructive purposes and described as less of an assassin and more of a \"Force wrecking ball\". The character's name is taken from Luke Skywalker's original name, \"Annikin Starkiller\". The character's likeness and voice are provided by Samuel Witwer. Despite \"The Force Unleashed\" being of non-canonical \"Legends\" status, Witwer still remains part of the \"Star Wars\" canon by voicing Darth Maul in the animated series \"Star Wars: The Clone Wars\" and \"Star Wars Rebels\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Cory Doran", "paragraph_text": "Cory Doran (born February 7, 1982) is a Canadian voice actor and director who is known as the voice of Jimmy, the star of the animated show, \"Jimmy Two-Shoes\". He also voices the character Mike in the series \"Total Drama\". He took over for Lou Attia as the voice of Fungus in the second season of the Cartoon Network/YTV animated television series, Numb Chucks. He also provided the voice of Bummer in Cartoon Network/Teletoon series \"Stoked\" and Dabio in the \"PBS Kids\" animated series \"Wild Kratts\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mario Casta\u00f1eda", "paragraph_text": "Mario Cuitl\u00e1huac Casta\u00f1eda Partida (born June 29, 1962 in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico), known professionally as Mario Casta\u00f1eda is a Mexican voice actor and dubbing director. When he was very young, his parents moved to Mexico City where he resides currently. He studied drama in the Andr\u00e9s Soler Institute from 1979 to 1982, and in June 1983, Casta\u00f1eda started to work as a voice actor in Mexican dubs of several television series including Diff'rent Strokes, The Powers of Matthew Star, and The Visitor. Casta\u00f1eda has also done voice work in Japanese anime, such as Son Goku in the Latin American dub of Dragon Ball Z, as well as the dubbing voice of many actors in movies, including Jim Carrey, Jackie Chan and Bruce Willis. He was also the announcer for Boomerang in Latin America from 2001 to 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Edan Gross", "paragraph_text": "Edan Gross (born 1978) is an American former child actor, voice actor and former president of 3TAC Distribution, Inc.. He appeared in many guest spots on many popular television programs in the 1980s and 1990s including \"Cheers\", \"Murphy Brown\", \"The Golden Girls\", \"Empty Nest\", \"Newhart\", \"Highway to Heaven\", \"Married... with Children\", \"Northern Exposure\", and \"Herman's Head\". He was also featured as a regular on the short-lived sitcoms \"Sweet Surrender\" (NBC, 1987), \"Free Spirit\" (ABC, 1989\u20131990) and \"Walter & Emily\" (NBC, 1991\u20131992). Additionally, Gross was the voice of the Good Guy dolls in \"Child's Play\", the \"Corky doll\" from the Cricket doll series, the title character of the animated series \"Little Dracula\", Flounder on the animated series \"The Little Mermaid\" and Waif in the computer game Return to Zork. .", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac072ef554299294b218fe4", "question_text": "What country of origin does Jerry Barrett and Florence Nightingale have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["English"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "USS Florence Nightingale (AP-70)", "paragraph_text": "USS \"Florence Nightingale\" (AP-70) was a Maritime Commission type C3-M cargo ship built as Mormacsun for Moore-McCormack Lines. \"Mormacsun\" operated for Moore-McCormack from May 1941 until December 1941 when she came under the War Shipping Administration (WSA) for the duration of World War II. The ship operated with Moore-McCormack as the WSA agent, playing an important role in early supply of the Southwest Pacific, until transfer to the United States Navy September 1942 and commissioning as \"Florence Nightingale\" whereupon she became an \"Elizabeth C. Stanton\"-class transport ship. She was named for Florence Nightingale (1820\u20131910), the nursing pioneer, and is one of the few United States Navy ships named after a woman. The ship was returned to WSA in 1946 and then to Moore-McCormack operating as \"Mormacsun\" until sold to operate as \"Japan Transport\" and lastly as \"Texas\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Edith Helen Paull", "paragraph_text": "Edith Helen Paull ( \u20091903 \u20131975) was an Indian medical nurse from Uttar Pradesh associated with the Indian Red Cross Society. She did her nursing studies at Bedford College, London, with the assistance of a Florence Nightingale scholarship and started her career in 1928. She held the post of the nursing matron at many renowned medical institutions such as the Lady Hardinge Medical College Hospital, New Delhi, the Government Civil Hospital, Allahabad, Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital, Mumbai and Jehangir Hospital, Pune and presided the Trained Nurses Association of India for six years. A winner of the Florence Nightingale Medal in 1964, she was honoured by the Government of India in 1967, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth-highest Indian civilian award for her contributions to the society.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Florence Nightingale (2008 film)", "paragraph_text": "Florence Nightingale was a 60-minute 2008 BBC One television drama on the early years of Florence Nightingale, from 1837 to the Royal Commission into the Crimean War. Nightingale was played by Laura Fraser, and her father by Michael Pennington. It was first broadcast on Sunday 1 June 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nursing in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "Nursing in the United Kingdom has a long history. The current form of nursing is often considered as beginning with Florence Nightingale who pioneered 'modern nursing'. Florence Nightingale initiated formal schools of nursing in the United Kingdom in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The role and perception of nursing has dramatically changed from that of 'handmaiden' to the doctor to professionals in their own right. There are over 300,000 nurses in the United Kingdom and they work in a variety of settings; hospitals, health centres, nursing homes, hospices, communities, academia etc. with most nurses working for the National Health Service (NHS). Nurses work across all demographics and requirements of the public; Adults and Children and mental health. Nurses work in a range of specialties from the broad areas of medicine, surgery, theatres, investigative sciences such as imaging, neo-natal etc. Nurses also work in a large areas of sub-specialities such as respiratory, diabetes, neurology, infectious diseases, liver, research, cardiac etc. Nurses often work in multi-disciplinary teams but increasingly are found working independently.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Florence Nightingale Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Jerry Barrett", "paragraph_text": "Jerry Barrett (1824\u20131906) was an English painter of the Victorian era. His most notable work was the Crimean War depiction \"\"The Mission of Mercy: Nightingale receiving the wounded at Scutari\"\" (1858) which is in the National Portrait Gallery (London), paired with \"\"Queen Victoria's First Visit to her Wounded Soldiers\"\". There is documentation to suggest that Barrett traveled to the Crimea to obtain sketches for his pictures. \"Queen Victoria's First Visit to Her Wounded Soldiers\" was exhibited at the Royal Exhibition Gallery in Piccadilly in May, 1856, and engraved by Agnews. It was Thomas Agnew who purchased \"The Mission of Mercy\" from the artist in August 1857, and exhibited it at Leggatt and Hayward Gallery in Cornhill in the summer of 1858 at the height of the Indian Mutiny.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Florence Nightingale", "paragraph_text": "Florence Nightingale, ( ; 12 May 1820\u00a0\u2013 13 August 1910) was an English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Embley Park", "paragraph_text": "Embley Park, in Wellow (near Romsey, Hampshire) was the family home of Florence Nightingale from 1825 until her death in 1910. It is also where Florence Nightingale claimed she had received her divine calling from God. It is now the location of Hampshire Collegiate School, a co-educational independent school for 3 -18 year olds.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Florence Nightingale (1915 film)", "paragraph_text": "Florence Nightingale is a 1915 British silent historical film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Elisabeth Risdon, Fred Groves and A.V. Bramble. The film portrays the life of Florence Nightingale, particularly her innovations in nursing during the Crimean War (1854-56). The film was based on Edward Tyas Cook's biography of Nightingale.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Notes on Nursing", "paragraph_text": "Notes on Nursing: What it is and What it is Not is a book first published by Florence Nightingale in 1859. A 76-page volume with 3 page appendix published by Harrison of Pall Mall, it was intended to give hints on nursing to those entrusted with the health of others. Florence Nightingale stressed that it was not meant to be a comprehensive guide from which to teach one's self to be a nurse but to help in the practice of treating others.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8ba60b554299240d9c205b", "question_text": "Which composer, who was a crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, wrote Piano Sonata No. 16 ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Ludwig van Beethoven"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of classical music festivals", "paragraph_text": "The following is an incomplete list of classical music festivals, which encapsulates music festivals focused on classical music. Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music (both liturgical and secular), and has long been played at festival-like settings. It encompasses a broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day. The major time divisions of classical music are as follows: the early music period, which includes the Medieval (500\u20131400) and the Renaissance (1400\u20131600) era, played at early music festivals; the common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600\u20131750), Classical (1750\u20131830), and Romantic eras (1804\u20131910), which included opera festivals and choral festivals; and the 20th century (1901\u20132000) which includes the modern (1890\u20131930) that overlaps from the late 19th-century, the high modern (mid 20th-century), and contemporary classical music festivals or postmodern (1975\u20132000) eras, the last of which overlaps into the 21st-century. The term \"classical music\" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven as a golden age.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ludwig van Beethoven", "paragraph_text": "Ludwig van Beethoven ( , ; ] ; baptised 17\u00a0December 177026\u00a0March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best-known compositions include 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, 32 piano sonatas, 16 string quartets, his great Mass the \"Missa solemnis\", and one opera, \"Fidelio\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Piano Sonata No. 12 (Mozart)", "paragraph_text": "The Piano Sonata No. 12 in F major by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, K. 332/300k, was written at the same time as the Piano Sonata, K. 330, and Piano Sonata, K. 331 (\"Alla turca\"), Mozart numbering them as a set from one to three. They were once believed to have been written in the late 1770s in Paris, but it is now thought more likely that they date from 1783, by which time Mozart had moved to Vienna. Some believe that Mozart wrote this and the other sonatas during a summer 1783 visit to Salzburg made for the purpose of introducing his wife, Constanze to his father, Leopold. All three sonatas were published in Vienna in 1784.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Classical music", "paragraph_text": "Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period. The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Assaf Shelleg", "paragraph_text": "Assaf Shelleg (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d2\u200e \u200e ), is a musicologist and pianist, a senior lecturer of musicology at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was previously the Schusterman Visiting Assistant Professor of Musicology and Jewish Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia (2011\u201314), and had taught prior to that as the visiting Efroymson Scholar in the Jewish, Islamic & Near Eastern Languages and Cultures Department at Washington University in St. Louis (2009\u201311). Shelleg specializes in twentieth-century Jewish and Israeli art music and has published in some of the leading journals in both musicology and Israel Studies on topics ranging from the historiography of modern Jewish art music to the theological networks of Israeli art music. Shelleg's book, \"Jewish Contiguities and the Soundtrack of Israeli History\", appeared in November 2014 with Oxford University Press. The book studies the emergence of modern Jewish art music in central and Western Europe (1910s-1930s) and its translocation to Palestine/Israel (1930s-1970s), exposing the legacies of European antisemitism and religious Judaism in the making of Israeli art music. Moving to consider the dislocation of modern Jewish art music the book examines the paradoxes embedded in a Zionist national culture whose rhetoric negated its pasts, only to mask process of hybridizations enchained by older legacies. \"Jewish Contiguities\" has won the 2015 Engle Prize for the study of Hebrew Music, and the 2016 Jordan Schnitzer Book Award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Piano Sonata (Stravinsky)", "paragraph_text": "The Piano Sonata, sometimes also referred to as Sonata for Piano or in its original French form, Sonate pour piano, is a 1924 piano sonata by Russian composer Igor Stravinsky.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Piano Sonata No. 29 (Beethoven)", "paragraph_text": "Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 29 in B\u266d major, Op. 106 (known as the \"Gro\u00dfe Sonate f\u00fcr das Hammerklavier\", or more simply as the \"Hammerklavier\") is a piano sonata widely viewed as one of the most important works of the composer's third period and among the greatest piano sonatas. Completed in 1818, it is often considered to be Beethoven's most technically challenging piano composition and one of the most demanding solo works in the classical piano repertoire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Piano Sonata No. 16 (Beethoven)", "paragraph_text": "Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 16 in G major, Op. 31 No. 1, was composed between 1801 and 1802. Although it was numbered as the first piece in the trio of piano sonatas which were published as Opus 31 in 1803, Beethoven actually finished it after the Op. 31 No. 2, the \"Tempest Sonata\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Double-Function Form", "paragraph_text": "Double-function form is a musical construction that allows for a collection of movements to be viewed as elements of a single larger musical form. The most famous example of this is Franz Liszt\u2019s Piano Sonata in B minor (1853). The sonata is composed as a single movement with about a half an hour\u2019s duration. The piece introduces some themes at the very outset of the piece which are manipulated and recapitulated over twenty minutes later. Charles Rosen believes that the work as whole fulfils his criterion for a sonata form. Moreover, within the one long sonata form, there exists a short sonata form, followed by a slow ternary, followed by a scherzo and fugue, followed by a finale. Thus, the single movement fulfills the standard of both a classical sonata form and a classical four movement piano sonata.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Piano Sonata No. 3 (Brahms)", "paragraph_text": "The Piano Sonata No.\u00a03 in F minor, Op.\u00a05 of Johannes Brahms was written in 1853 and published the following year. The sonata is unusually large, consisting of five movements, as opposed to the traditional three or four. When he wrote this piano sonata, the genre was seen by many to be past its heyday. Brahms, enamored of Beethoven and the classical style, composed Piano Sonata No.\u00a03 with a masterful combination of free Romantic spirit and strict classical architecture. As a further testament to Brahms' affinity for Beethoven, the Piano Sonata is infused with the instantly recognizable motive from Beethoven's Symphony No.\u00a05 during the first, third, and fourth movements. Composed in D\u00fcsseldorf, it marks the end of his cycle of three sonatas, and was presented to Robert Schumann in November of that year; it was the last work that Brahms submitted to Schumann for commentary. Brahms was barely 20 years old at its composition. The piece is dedicated to Countess Ida von Hohenthal of Leipzig.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7b24fe55429931da12c9f7", "question_text": "Which dog breed has more derivative breeds from the original, German Spitz or Norfolk Spaniel?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["German Spitz"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Norfolk Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The Norfolk Spaniel or Shropshire Spaniel is an extinct breed of dog since the early 20th century. It was originally thought to have originated from the work of one of the Dukes of Norfolk, but this theory was disproven after being in doubt during the later part of the 19th century. The term was used to designate springer type spaniels that were neither Sussex nor Clumber Spaniels, and attempts were made to use it to specify a breed that would later become known as the English Springer Spaniel.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "German Spitz (Klein)", "paragraph_text": "The German Spitz Klein is a breed of dog of the German Spitz type. They are usually classed as a toy or utility breed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "American Cocker Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of sporting dog. It is a spaniel type dog that is closely related to the English Cocker Spaniel; the two breeds diverged during the 20th century due to differing breed standards in America and the UK. In the United States, the breed is usually called the Cocker Spaniel, while elsewhere in the world, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel in order to differentiate between it and its English cousin, which was already known as \"Cocker Spaniel\" before the American variety was created. The word \"cocker\" is commonly held to stem from their use to hunt woodcock in England, while \"spaniel\" is thought to be derived from the type's origins in Spain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "English Springer Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The English Springer Spaniel is a breed of gun dog in the Spaniel family traditionally used for flushing and retrieving game. It is an affectionate, excitable breed with a typical lifespan of twelve to fourteen years. They are very similar to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and are descended from the Norfolk or Shropshire Spaniels of the mid-19th century; the breed has diverged into separate show and working lines. The breed suffers from average health complaints. The show-bred version of the breed has been linked to \"rage syndrome\", although the disorder is very rare. It is closely related to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and very closely to the English Cocker Spaniel; less than a century ago, springers and cockers would come from the same litter. The smaller \"cockers\" hunted woodcock while the larger littermates were used to flush, or \"spring,\" game. In 1902, The Kennel Club recognized the English Springer Spaniel as a distinct breed. They are used as sniffer dogs on a widespread basis. The term \"Springer\" comes from the historic hunting role, where the dog would flush (spring) birds into the air.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "American Eskimo Dog", "paragraph_text": "The American Eskimo Dog is a breed of companion dog originating in Germany. The American Eskimo is a member of the Spitz family. The breed's progenitors were German Spitz, but due to anti-German prejudice during the First World War, it was renamed \"American Eskimo Dog\". Although modern American Eskimos have been exported as German Spitz Gross (or Mittel, depending on the dog's height), the breeds have diverged and the standards are significantly different. In addition to serving as a watchdog and companion, the American Eskimo Dog also achieved a high degree of popularity in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s as a circus performer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pomeranian (dog)", "paragraph_text": "The Pomeranian (often known as a Pom or Pom Pom) is a breed of dog of the Spitz type that is named for the Pomerania region in Germany and Poland in Central Europe. Classed as a toy dog breed because of its small size, the Pomeranian is descended from the larger Spitz type dogs, specifically the German Spitz. It has been determined by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Cynologique Internationale to be part of the German Spitz breed; and in many countries, they are known as the Zwergspitz (\"Dwarf-Spitz\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Picardy Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The Picardy Spaniel is a breed of dog developed in France for use as a gundog. It is related to the Blue Picardy Spaniel, and still has many similarities, but the Picardy Spaniel is the older of the two breeds. It is thought to be one of the two oldest continental spaniel breeds and was favoured by the French nobility, remaining popular for hunting after the French Revolution due to its weather resistant coat that enabled it to hunt in a variety of conditions and terrain. However its popularity waned following the influx of English hunting breeds in the early 20th century. Slightly smaller than an English Setter but larger than most of its spaniel cousins, it has no major health issues although as with many breeds with pendulous ears, it can be prone to ear infections.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Welsh Springer Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a breed of dog and a member of the spaniel family. Thought to be comparable to the old Land Spaniel, they are similar to the English Springer Spaniel and historically have been referred to as both the Welsh Spaniel and the Welsh Cocker Spaniel. They were relatively unknown until a succession of victories in dog trials by the breed increased its popularity. Following recognition by The Kennel Club in 1902, the breed gained the modern name of Welsh Springer Spaniel. The breed's coat only comes in a single colour combination of white with red markings, usually in a piebald pattern. Loyal and affectionate, they can become very attached to family members and are wary of strangers. Health conditions are limited to those common among many breeds of dog, although they are affected more than average by hip dysplasia and some eye conditions. They are a working dog, bred for hunting, and while not as rare as some varieties of spaniel, they are rarer than the more widely known English Springer Spaniel with which they are sometimes confused.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "German Spitz", "paragraph_text": "German Spitz is used to refer to both a breed of dog and category or type of dog. Several modern breeds have been developed from the German Spitz, and are either registered as separate breeds or as varieties of German Spitz. All the \"German Spitz type\" dogs are dogs of the Spitz type of German origin. The Gro\u00dfspitz, Mittelspitz, and Kleinspitz breeds of \"German Spitz type\" are also called the German Spitz in English.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "King Charles Spaniel", "paragraph_text": "The King Charles Spaniel (also known as the English Toy Spaniel) is a small dog breed of the spaniel type. In 1903, the Kennel Club combined four separate toy spaniel breeds under this single title. The other varieties merged into this breed were the Blenheim, Ruby and Prince Charles Spaniels, each of which contributed one of the four colours available in the breed.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a83411655429966c78a6b5d", "question_text": "Who created the NBC sitcom that Johnny Pemberton appears in as the character Bo Thompson?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Justin Spitzer"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Son of Zorn", "paragraph_text": "Son of Zorn is an American live-action/animated sitcom television series created by Reed Agnew and Eli Jorn\u00e9. It aired on Fox from September 11, 2016, to February 19, 2017. The series stars Cheryl Hines, Johnny Pemberton, Tim Meadows, Artemis Pebdani, and Jason Sudeikis as the voice of Zorn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Fred G. Sanford", "paragraph_text": "Fred G. Sanford is a fictional character portrayed by actor/comedian Redd Foxx on the 1972\u20131977 NBC sitcom \"Sanford and Son\" and the 1980\u20131981 NBC sitcom \"Sanford\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Meshach Taylor", "paragraph_text": "Meshach Taylor (April 11, 1947 \u2013 June 28, 2014) was an American actor. He was Emmy-nominated for his role as Anthony Bouvier on the CBS sitcom \"Designing Women\" (1986\u201393). He was also known for his portrayal of Hollywood Montrose, a flamboyant window dresser in \"Mannequin\". He played Sheldon Baylor on the CBS sitcom \"Dave's World\" (1993\u201397), appeared as Tony on the short-lived NBC sitcom \"Buffalo Bill\" opposite Dabney Coleman, and appeared as the recurring character Alastair Wright, the social studies teacher and later school principal, on Nickelodeon's sitcom, \"Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Superstore (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Superstore is an American single-camera sitcom television series that premiered on NBC on November 30, 2015. The series was created by Justin Spitzer, who also serves as an executive producer. Starring America Ferrera (who also serves as a producer) and Ben Feldman, \"Superstore\" follows a group of employees working at \"Cloud 9\", store number 1217, a fictional big-box store in St. Louis, Missouri. The ensemble and supporting cast features Lauren Ash, Colton Dunn, Nico Santos, Nichole Bloom, and Mark McKinney.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Johnny Pemberton", "paragraph_text": "Johnny Pemberton (born in 1981) is an American actor and comedian from Rochester, Minnesota. He is best known for his role as the titular \"Son of Zorn\" in the short-lived Fox sitcom, and has also appeared as the recurring character Bo Thompson in the NBC sitcom \"Superstore\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nick Zano", "paragraph_text": "Nick Zano (born March 8, 1978) is an American actor and producer. He is best known for having played Vince in The WB's sitcom \"What I Like About You\". He got his big break on MTV, where he hosted that network's former infotainment program about the film industry, \"Movie House\", and briefly worked as an MTV News correspondent before he began an acting career. His recurring roles on television include Drew Pragin on \"Melrose Place\", Josh on \"Cougar Town\", Pete on \"Happy Endings\", P.J. Hillingsbrook on \"90210\", and Johnny on \"2 Broke Girls\". He also starred as a lead on the NBC sitcom \"One Big Happy\" and as Arthur in the TV series \"Minority Report\". He currently stars as Dr. Nate Heywood/Steel on The CW show \"Legends of Tomorrow\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lea Thompson", "paragraph_text": "Lea Katherine Thompson (born May 31, 1961) is an American actress, television director, and television producer. She is known for her role as Lorraine Baines in the \"Back to the Future\" trilogy and as the title character in the 1990s NBC sitcom \"Caroline in the City\". Other films for which she is known include \"All the Right Moves\" (1983), \"Red Dawn\" (1984), \"Howard the Duck\" (1986) \"Some Kind of Wonderful\" (1987), and \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" (1993). From 2011-2017, she co-starred as Kathryn Kennish in the Freeform (formerly ABC Family) series \"Switched at Birth\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bo Brady", "paragraph_text": "Bo Brady is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\", the youngest of the series' Brady family. Created under head-writer Margaret DePriest, the role was originated by Peter Reckell on May 3, 1983. Reckell left the show alongside Kristian Alfonso who played Bo's wife Hope Williams Brady on April 20, 1987. Reckell returned from April 19, 1990, to January 17, 1992, when Robert Kelker-Kelly stepped into the role from March 13, 1992, to July 24, 1995. Reckell returned to portray Bo on August 1, 1995. In June 2012, after much speculation, it was confirmed that Reckell would once again exit the soap. Reckell filmed his final scenes for \"Days of our Lives\" on July 24, 2012, last airing on October 30. It was announced on March 18, 2015, that Reckell has inked a deal to return for the show's fiftieth anniversary, airing on August 28, 2015. In May 2016, it was announced that Reckell would return for a special episode centered around Hope, airing on June 7 and 8, 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ted Danson", "paragraph_text": "Edward Bridge \"Ted\" Danson III (born December 29, 1947) is an American actor, author, and producer well known for his role as lead character Sam Malone on the NBC sitcom \"Cheers\" and for his role as Dr. John Becker on the CBS sitcom \"Becker\". He also starred in the CBS dramas \"\" and \"\" as D.B. Russell. He also plays a recurring role on Larry David's HBO sitcom \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\", starred alongside Glenn Close in legal drama \"Damages\", and was a regular on the HBO comedy series \"Bored to Death\". In 2015 he starred as Hank Larsson in the second season of FX's black comedy-crime drama anthology \"Fargo\". Since 2016, he has played the afterlife \"architect\" Michael in the NBC sitcom \"The Good Place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Julia Benjamin", "paragraph_text": "Julia Benjamin (born February 21, 1957) is a retired American film and television actress of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. She is best remembered for her character role as Susie Baxter, the daughter of Steve and Barbara Baxter and the first cousin of Harold \"Sport\" Baxter on the 1960s sitcom \"Hazel.\" Benjamin was also well known for her roles in the movies \"Mr. and Mrs. Bo Jo Jones\" and \"The Jordan Chance.\" Benjamin's career began at the age of eight on \"Hazel\" in 1965. \"Hazel\" was a sitcom that first aired in 1961 on NBC. The series centered on the Baxter family. The family included husband George Baxter, (Don DeFore), his wife Dorothy Baxter, (Whitney Blake) and their only child, son Harold \"Sport\" Baxter, (Bobby Buntrock). At the end of the 1964-65 television season, NBC canceled the series. CBS decided to pick it up for a fifth season. CBS cast Ray Fulmer, Lynn Borden, and Benjamin as George Baxter's brother Steve, his wife Barbara and their daughter Susie. The premise of the fifth season was that George and Dorothy had to move to the Middle East as part of a job promotion. So, Hazel and Harold moved in with Steve, Barbara, and Susie. The series was cancelled by CBS airing its last episode on April 11, 1966. It was never picked up again. After Hazel, Benjamin would only get roles in a limited few number of movies and guest starring roles on television. After Hazel went off the air, Benjamin would have only five roles in movies and television. Her television credits include three guest starring roles on the television shows \"My Three Sons,\" \"The Rockford Files\" and \"Riptide.\" Her movie credits include two TV movies; \"Mr. and Mrs. Bo Jo Jones\" (1971), and \"The Jordan Chance\" (1978). \"Riptide\" was Benjamin's last acting appearance. She has not acted in anything since.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac29da5554299218029dac3", "question_text": "Which band My Darkest Days or Human Drama had only one constant member?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Human Drama"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Human Drama (album)", "paragraph_text": "Human Drama Human Drama was released by Projekt Records in 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bigbang (Norwegian band)", "paragraph_text": "Bigbang is a Norwegian rock band led by frontman \u00d8ystein Greni. Over several years the band lineup has altered several times while remaining a trio, with Greni remaining the one constant member. Though the band name spelling is inconsistent, it is usually styled BigBang.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Human (Three Days Grace album)", "paragraph_text": "Human is the fifth studio album by Canadian rock band Three Days Grace. The album was released on March 31, 2015 through RCA Records. This is the group's first album without original lead singer Adam Gontier, and the first with former My Darkest Days lead singer Matt Walst. It debuted at No. 16 on the \"\"Billboard\" 200.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Matt's Mood", "paragraph_text": "Matt's Mood is the 2004 \"temporary comeback\" album by UK outfit Matt Bianco, released for Universal, and distributed by the Emarcy label. The album makes heavy use of Danny White and Basia Trzetrzelewska's signature harmonies. The two rejoined the band after twenty years (only to leave shortly after the end of the promotional world tour to revitalise their own career under the joint name of Basia). The third member on this installation of Matt Bianco is vocalist and composer Mark Reilly, whom many identify as the face of the band, being the only one constant member since its inception in 1983. This album attempted to sound similar to \"Whose Side Are You On? \", which spawned a number of popular hit singles in the 1980s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "My Darkest Days (album)", "paragraph_text": "My Darkest Days is the debut album by Canadian rock band My Darkest Days, released on September 21, 2010. The album has sold more than 100,000 copies in the US and more than 20,000 in Canada. The first single, \"Porn Star Dancing\", peaked at number seven on \"Billboard\"' s Rock Songs chart", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "My Darkest Days", "paragraph_text": "My Darkest Days were a Canadian rock band based in Peterborough, Ontario consisting of lead singer Matt Walst, bassist Brendan McMillan, drummer Doug Oliver, and keyboardist Reid Henry. They were discovered by Chad Kroeger of Nickelback, who signed them to his record label, 604 Records.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Best of Human Drama...In a Perfect World", "paragraph_text": "Human Drama The Best of Human Drama...In a Perfect World was released by Triple X in 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hijokaidan", "paragraph_text": "Hij\u014dkaidan (\u975e\u5e38\u968e\u6bb5 , emergency staircase) is a Japanese noise and free improvisation group with a revolving lineup that has ranged from two members to as many as fourteen in its early days. The group is the project of guitarist Jojo Hiroshige (JOJO\u5e83\u91cd ) , its one constant member, who is head and owner of the Osaka-based Alchemy Records. Other regulars include Jojo's wife Junko and Toshiji Mikawa (also of Incapacitants).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Human Drama", "paragraph_text": "Human Drama is an American alternative rock band led by singer/songwriter Johnny Indovina formed in 1985. With Indovina the only constant member, the band released six studio albums before splitting in 2005. They reformed for concerts in 2011 and 2012, and again in 2015. In 2017 they released their 1st studio album in 15 years \"Broken Songs for Broken People\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Culture (band)", "paragraph_text": "Culture are a Jamaican roots reggae group founded in 1976. Originally they were known as the African Disciples. The one constant member until his death in 2006 was Joseph Hill.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adf65555542992d7e9f9334", "question_text": "Which Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame author has had works published by Dim Gray Bar Press?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Wendell Berry"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "New York State Writers Hall of Fame", "paragraph_text": "The New York State Writers Hall of Fame or NYS Writers Hall of Fame is a project established in 2010 by the Empire State Center for the Book and the Empire State Book Festival and headquartered at the New York State Library in Albany, New York. The Hall of Fame was established \"to highlight the rich literary heritage of the New York State and to recognize the legacy of individual New York State writers.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dim Gray Bar Press", "paragraph_text": "Dim Gray Bar Press was an independent publisher of letterpress limited edition books printed at The Center for Book Arts in New York City. Founded by Barry Magid in 1989, its first title was \"Dialogue About A Hidden God,\" a translation of a work of Nicholas of Cusa by Thomas Merton. Subsequent works, handprinted in editions of usually 100 copies or less, included work by Martine Bellen, Wendell Berry, Eavan Boland, Guy Davenport, Sharon Dolin, Mark Doty, Jonathan Greene, Rachel Hadas, Andrew Hudgins, Jim Harrison, James Laughlin, William Matthews, Gerald Stern, Robert Stone, Charles Tomlinson, Jonathan Williams and William Carlos Williams. Magid also edited \"Father Louie: Photographs of Thomas Merton by Ralph Eugene Meatyard\" (Timken 1991) which included an introduction by Guy Davenport. The press ceased publication in 2000. Barry Magid is also a psychoanalyst and a Dharma heir to Charlotte Joko Beck in the Ordinary Mind Zen School.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Judith Ortiz Cofer", "paragraph_text": "Judith Ortiz Cofer (February 24, 1952 \u2013 December 30, 2016) was a Puerto Rican American author. Her critically acclaimed and award-winning work spans a range of literary genres including poetry, short stories, autobiography, essays, and young-adult fiction. Ortiz Cofer was the Emeritus Regents' and Franklin Professor of English and Creative Writing at the University of Georgia, where she taught undergraduate and graduate creative writing workshops for 26 years. In 2010, Ortiz Cofer was inducted into the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame, and in 2013, she won the University's 2014 Southeastern Conference Faculty Achievement Award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Melissa Fay Greene", "paragraph_text": "Melissa Fay Greene (born December 30, 1952) is an American nonfiction author. A 1975 graduate of Oberlin College, Greene is the author of six books of nonfiction, a two-time National Book Award finalist, and a 2011 inductee into the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame. Her books have been translated into 15 languages.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nebula Award for Best Novel", "paragraph_text": "The Nebula Award for Best Novel is given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) for science fiction or fantasy novels. A work of fiction is defined by the organization as a novel if it is 40,000 words or longer; awards are also given out for pieces of shorter lengths in the categories of short story, novelette, and novella. To be eligible for Nebula Award consideration a novel must be published in English in the United States. Works published in English elsewhere in the world are also eligible provided they are released on either a website or in an electronic edition. The Nebula Award for Best Novel has been awarded annually since 1966. Novels which were expanded forms of previously published short stories are eligible, as are novellas published by themselves if the author requests them to be considered as a novel. The award has been described as one of \"the most important of the American science fiction awards\" and \"the science-fiction and fantasy equivalent\" of the Emmy Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Blinkey Horn", "paragraph_text": "Claude Sheetz \"Blinkey\" Horn (August 28, 1885 \u2013 May 20, 1937) was an early 20th-century American sportswriter, known most for his work in the \"Nashville Tennessean\". He was a charter member of the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame in 1966. He was later inducted into the Tennessee Sports Writers Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Winfred Blevins", "paragraph_text": "Win Blevins (born October 21, 1938) is a New York Times Bestselling American author of historical fiction, narrative non-fiction, historical fantasy, and non-fiction books, as well as short stories, novellas, articles, reviews, and screenplays. He has written many books about the western mountain trappers, and is known for his \"mastery of western lore.\" His notable works include Stone Song, So Wild a Dream, and Dictionary of the American West. According to WorldCat, the Dictionary of the American West is held in 728 libraries. Blevins has won numerous awards, including being named winner of the Owen Wister Award for Lifetime Achievement in writing literature of the West, being selected for the Western Writers Hall of Fame, being twice named 'Writer of the Year' by Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers, and winning two Spur Awards for Novel of the West.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Wendell Berry", "paragraph_text": "Wendell Erdman Berry (born August 5, 1934) is an American novelist, poet, environmental activist, cultural critic, and farmer. A prolific author, he has written many novels, short stories, poems, and essays. He is an elected member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers, a recipient of The National Humanities Medal, and the Jefferson Lecturer for 2012. He is also a 2013 Fellow of The American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Berry was named the recipient of the 2013 Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award. On January 28, 2015, he became the first living writer to be inducted into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jay Cronley", "paragraph_text": "Jay Cronley (November 9, 1943 \u2013 February 26, 2017) was an American newspaper columnist for the \"Tulsa World\" and the author of many works of humorous fiction, including \"Fall Guy\", \"Good Vibes\", \"Quick Change\", and \"Funny Farm\". Most of Cronley's work is out of print. Cronley became a member of the Oklahoma Writers Hall of Fame in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Franci Cerar", "paragraph_text": "Franci Cerar is a Slovenian science fiction writer. His works were published in four numbers of Croatian science fiction magazine Sirius. One of his most popular works is short science fiction story \"Umor targumskega diplomata\" published in \"6. MINI YU SIRIUS\". His other works published in Sirius are \"Izumi skromnega mladeni\u010da\", \"Drugo rojstvo\" and \"Ubogi \u010dlovek\". All his works published in Sirius were translated from Slovenian to Croatian language by Krunoslav Poljak.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae1c214554299234fd042ed", "question_text": "Which  Australian singer-songwriter wrote  Cold Hard Bitch", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Nicholas John \"Nic\" Cester"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nic Cester", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas John \"Nic\" Cester (born 6 July 1979) is an Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist, known for being the frontman in rock band Jet alongside his younger brother Chris. Cester is also a founder of the Australian supergroup The Wrights. Jet's track \"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\", has won APRA Awards for 'Most Performed Australian Work Overseas' in 2006 and 2007.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Choices (Billy Yates song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Choices\" is a Grammy-award winning country music song written by Billy Yates and Mike Curtis, first recorded by Yates on his 1997 self-titled album for Almo Sounds. It was later covered by George Jones, who released as the first single from his album \"The Cold Hard Truth\" on May 8, 1999, and it peaked at number 30 on the \"Billboard\" country charts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Dirty Sweet", "paragraph_text": "Dirty Sweet is the debut four-track extended play released by Australian rock band Jet in November 2002 on Rubber Records. It was re-recorded and re-issued on 6 May 2003 by Elektra Records. All tracks on the EP are also on the band's debut album, \"Get Born\", which followed on 14 September. Two tracks, originally on the EP, were later issued as singles from \"Get Born\", \"Rollover DJ\" (November) and \"Cold Hard Bitch\" (March 2004).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Cold Hard Bitch", "paragraph_text": "\"Cold Hard Bitch\" is the fourth single (second in the United States) by the Australian rock group, Jet, from their 2003 album, \"Get Born\". It was released in March 2004 and was written by band-members Chris Cester, Nic Cester, and Cameron Muncey. On the ARIA Singles Chart in the group's native country, it reached the top\u00a040.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ameibo", "paragraph_text": "Ameibo is a web-based video on demand (VOD) company that allows its users to legally download and share movies with other paying customers. It is the only website in the world that pays you cold hard cash when you legally share/seed the movies you Buy or Rent from the website. The company aims to combat online movie piracy by imitating the common BitTorrent (protocol) technique as a way for users to only share the content with other paying users.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cameron Muncey", "paragraph_text": "Cameron Thane Muncey (born 8 February 1980) is an Australian guitarist and vocalist. He is the mainstay lead guitarist and one of the songwriters of Melbourne-based rock band Jet which formed in 2001. Muncey co-wrote many of Jet's hits with Nic and Chris Cester, including \"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\", \"Radio Song\", \"Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is\" and \"Cold Hard Bitch\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "House of Heroes", "paragraph_text": "House of Heroes is an alternative rock band from Columbus, Ohio. They have released six albums: \"What You Want Is Now\" (2003), \"House of Heroes\" (2005), \"The End Is Not the End\" (2008), \"Suburba\" (2010), \"Cold Hard Want\" (2012), and \"Colors\" (2016). The band also released the album \"Ten Months\" (2001) under their original name, No Tagbacks, which had more of a punk sound than their releases as House of Heroes. They also re-released their self-titled record under the name of \"Say No More\" (2006). The band is composed of Tim Skipper, Colin Rigsby, A.J. Babcock, and Eric Newcomer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Rollover DJ", "paragraph_text": "\"Rollover DJ\" is the second single (except in the United States, where it was the third, after \"Cold Hard Bitch\") by the Australian rock band Jet, from their debut album \"Get Born\" (14 September 2003). It was released in November, two months after the album, and was promoted with two different music videos. It reached the Top\u00a040 on both the ARIA Singles Chart and the UK Singles Chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cold Hard Truth", "paragraph_text": "Cold Hard Truth is the 56th studio album by American country music singer George Jones. The album was released on June 22, 1999 on the Asylum label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Cold Hard Want", "paragraph_text": "Cold Hard Want is the fifth full-length album by alternative rock band House of Heroes. It was released on Gotee Records on July 10, 2012. House of Heroes entered Smoakstack Studios on December 12, 2011 in order to record \"Cold Hard Want\". The band went with producer Paul Moak, who has produced artists such as Seabird, Lovedrug, Mat Kearney, after going with producer Mark Lee Townsend for the previous two albums. As of February 22, 2012, the record has been completely recorded and mastered.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abd56355542993062266c58", "question_text": "What singer who sang in church during her childhood did Stacy Barthe pen album tracks for?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Katy Perry"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Best Of \u2013 LaFee", "paragraph_text": "Best Of \u2013 LaFee is the first greatest hits compilation from German rock singer LaFee. The album was released on 27 November 2009 by Capitol Records and EMI. The release will be in two different editions, \"Die Tag Edition\" and \"Die Nacht Edition\". \"Die Tag Edition\" will feature one CD of all singles as well some album tracks and b-sides. While the \"Die Nacht Edition\" has a second CD which features the most of the remaining b-sides as well some more album tracks taken from both her English and German albums.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Best Hits (Enrique Iglesias album)", "paragraph_text": "The Best Hits is the second greatest hits album, and seventh overall release, from pop singer Enrique Iglesias. The album was released by Fonovisa after Iglesias had left them, and is the second of three compilation releases made available following his departure. The collection includes a number of album tracks and popular singles, although due to the release of \"Bailamos Greatest Hits\" a few months prior, failed to sell highly in the United States or Latin America. Unlike its predecessor, the album contains more singles than album tracks, and could be seen as more of a greatest hits than \"Bailamos Greatest Hits\". The album was certified gold in u.s for sales of 500,000 copies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Cheers (Drink to That)", "paragraph_text": "\"Cheers (Drink to That)\" is a song recorded by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna, from her fifth studio album, \"Loud\" (2010). The song impacted US mainstream and rhythmic radio on August 2, 2011, as the seventh and final single released from \"Loud\". The song was written by Andrew Harr, Jermaine Jackson, Stacy Barthe, LP, Corey Gibson, Chris Ivery, Lauren Christy, Graham Edwards, Avril Lavigne and Scott Spock, while production of the song was completed by Harr and Jackson under their stage name, The Runners. The song also contains samples from Lavigne's song \"I'm with You\", which is featured on her debut album \"Let Go\" (2002). Lyrically, \"Cheers (Drink to That)\" is a party-drinking song, with multiple references to drinking alcohol, including Jameson Irish Whiskey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Adore You", "paragraph_text": "\"Adore You\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Miley Cyrus. It is the opening track of her fourth studio album \"Bangerz\" (2013) and was released as its third and final single on December 17, 2013 by RCA Records. The song was written and produced by Oren Yoel, with additional songwriting provided by Stacy Barthe. \"Adore You\" is a pop and contemporary R&B ballad in which Cyrus discusses her affection towards her boyfriend.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Love in the Future", "paragraph_text": "Love in the Future is the fourth studio album by American singer John Legend. The album was released on August 30, 2013. The album, executive produced by Legend, Kanye West and Dave Tozer, features guest appearances from Kimbra, Rick Ross, Stacy Barthe and Seal. The album was supported by four official singles, \"Who Do We Think We Are\", \"Made to Love\", \"All of Me\" and \"You & I (Nobody in the World)\". Upon its release \"Love in the Future\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. The album debuted at number four on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 68,000 copies in its first week.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Greatest Hits &amp; More (Elena Paparizou album)", "paragraph_text": "Greatest Hits & More is the first compilation album by Greek-Swedish recording artist Helena Paparizou, released in Greece and Cyprus by Sony Music Greece/RCA on 23 May 2011, although it became available through some retailers as early as 20 May. The album is a three disc set containing 52 tracks since the start of her solo career (since 2003), spanning five studio albums: \"Protereotita\" (2004), \"Iparhi Logos\" (2006), \"The Game of Love\" (2006), \"Vrisko To Logo Na Zo\" (2008), and \"Giro Apo T' Oneiro\" (2010). Although marketed as a greatest hits album, it contains all of Paparizou's regularly released singles, including some of their English versions, rather than a selective collection of the best performing songs, as well as several promotional singles and album tracks that have never officially been released to radios. The first disc is mostly a collection of her regularly released solo singles; the second is split into three sections: \"International\" containing English-language songs, \"B-Sides\" containing mostly album tracks (none of which are b-sides), and \"Covers\"; the third is split into \"New Songs\" featuring \"Baby It's Over\" and \"Love Me Crazy\", \"Bonus Tracks\" with four remixes of the former and a Greek-language version of the latter entitled \"Oti Niotho Den Allazei\", and finally \"Duets\", showcasing her work as a featured artist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Best of Suede", "paragraph_text": "The Best of Suede is a compilation album by English alternative rock band Suede, released in November 2010. The compilation spans two discs and it is a mix of singles, album tracks and B-sides compiled by lead singer Brett Anderson. Disc one includes all of the band's singles excluding \"Positivity\" and \"Attitude\". Disc two includes album tracks from the band's first three albums as well as seven B-sides from disc one of \"Sci-Fi Lullabies\". Both Anderson and former guitarist Bernard Butler were involved in the remastering of the tracks with Chris Potter. The cover artwork is designed by Elizabeth Peyton.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Stacy Barthe", "paragraph_text": "Stacy Barthe (born July 19, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter from Brooklyn, New York City, New York. She is a Grammy-nominated songwriter and signed a publishing deal to Universal Music Publishing Group by Ethiopia Habtermariam, in 2007. Soon after, Barthe would land her first placement, \"Blur\", on Britney Spears \"Circus\" album. Barthe has worked with artists such as Akon, Melanie Fiona, Estelle, Brandy and Sean \"Diddy\" Combs. Penning album tracks for Katy Perry (\"Hummingbird Heartbeat\"), Kelly Rowland (\"Everywhere You Go\") and Rihanna (\"Cheers (Drink to That)\"), the latter of which hit number seven on \"Billboard\"'s Hot 100. She has also worked with high-profile producers Hit-Boy, Cool and Dre, The Runners, Jerry 'Wonder' Duplessis, Supa Dups, Danja (producer), Dapo Torimiro and Tricky Stewart, among others.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Katy Perry", "paragraph_text": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer and songwriter. After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager. Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album \"Katy Hudson\" under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful. She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin. After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hummingbird Heartbeat", "paragraph_text": "\"Hummingbird Heartbeat\" is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her third studio album, \"Teenage Dream\" (2010). It was written by Perry, Christopher \"Tricky\" Stewart, Stacy Barthe, and Monte Neuble. Stewart handled the production of the song, while Kuk Harrell produced Perry's vocals. \"Hummingbird Heartbeat\" was inspired by Perry's boyfriend at the time, Russell Brand. Musically, it is a 1980s-styled hard rock song that contains a mixture of elements from rock and electronica. Lyrically, the song compares the feeling of being in love to the speed of a hummingbird's heartbeat.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a76f45a5542994aec3b719b", "question_text": "What band formed in 1995 and came out with an album called \"Welcome Interstate Managers'?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Fountains of Wayne"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Code Red (Sodom album)", "paragraph_text": "Code Red is the ninth studio album by German thrash metal band Sodom, released on 31 May 1999 by Drakkar Entertainment. On this album, Sodom returned to classic thrash metal which pleased many fans. It was also released as a two-disc limited edition with a Sodom tribute album called \"Homage to the Gods\" and as a two-disc edition with an Onkel Tom Angelripper's album called \"Ich glaub\u00b4nicht an den Weihnachtsmann\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Band of Holy Joy", "paragraph_text": "The Band of Holy Joy are an English band formed in New Cross, London, and initially active between 1984 and 1993, releasing several albums. In 1992, they abbreviated their name to Holy Joy. They reformed in 2002, under their original name, releasing a new album called \"Love Never Fails\". They concentrated on other musical projects during 2003 to 2006. The band began performing live again in 2007 and have since released a number of albums, including \"How To Kill A Butterfly\" in 2011, a limited edition double cassette \"City of Tales, Volume 1 and 2\" in 2013 and \"Easy Listening\" in 2014. A new album entitled \"The Land Of Holy Joy\" was released in September 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Welcome Interstate Managers", "paragraph_text": "Welcome Interstate Managers is the third studio album by the American rock band Fountains of Wayne. It was released by S-Curve Records on June 10, 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jody Porter", "paragraph_text": "Jody Porter is an American musician. He is the guitarist of Grammy Award-nominated power pop band Fountains of Wayne. The band has released four major label albums, including \"Welcome Interstate Managers\" on Virgin Records in 2003, an RIAA-certified Gold LP. The album spawned the hugely popular U.S. Top 40 hit and number 1 music video \"Stacy's Mom\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Honey Claws", "paragraph_text": "Honey Claws is an American electronic, experimental, hip hop band formed in Austin, Texas in 2008. The band has released three albums and one EP, the first album self-titled \"Honey Claws\" was released in 2008. They released a second album called \"Money Jaws\" in 2012. Their most recent album \"One Law\" was released in 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Zenji flava", "paragraph_text": "Zenji Flava is a common nickname for Zanzibari hip hop, a genre that began to develop in the 1990s. Cool Para said to be the first rapper to pioneer Zenji Flava during the 90s. He was using Saleh Jabri's tape to rap on some local shows in Zanzibar until 1996 when he teamed-up with another rapper named Cool Muza together with others they formed a rap group called \"Struggling Islanders. They made their debut single \"Historia\" in early 1997. Though the group short-lived and Cool Para and Muza both went to pursue a solo career. Cool Para was the first rapper in Zanzibar and Tanzania mainland to make rap and taarab fusion called taarap. With it he went to record a song with the most prominent taarab music band widely known as the East African Melody Modern Taarab, the song was known as \"Loo Umezoea\" which was released early 2000. He also did \"Kwenye Mataa\" with the same taarab band in 1998. Before Cool Para, there was also another short-lived crew named Contish. The group consisted with two members Abdul and Hakim. They released their only album called \"Mabishoo\" (93). The album was available all over Zanzibar and Tanzania. They were using Swahili lyrics over ragga instrumentals such as 'Tingaling' by Shabba Ranks. Sam,e style as Saleh J. Sometimes later they disbanded and Kim went on pursue a solo and released an album called Kim Pekee. Abdul went to live abroad. The name is made of \"zenji\", which is slang for \"Zanzibar\", and \"flava\", which is a corruption of \"flavour\", thus meaning \"of Zanzibari taste\". As with bongo flava, i.e., Tanzanian mainland's hip hop, zenji flava is usually sung in swahili; the main difference between the two subgenres is that Zanzibari hip hop also reflects some influence of taarab, and thus indirectly of Arab music and Indian music. Notable zenji flava artists include Ali Haji. As Zenji flavour goes on it find itself as a sub part of Bongo flava as it has influence from the young generation of artists who want to cop with Bongo flava. like Offside trick, 2 berry now is separated to form two solo artists\uff08Berry black and Berry white\uff09, Wazenji kijiwe and Shaka zulu, others are East connection which was made up with almost seven groups of artist including Offside trick Brooklyn, Four nature, Jumbo camp, Queen love, and K jam. It was in this time that Zenji flava was modernized with rapid growth in the number of artists.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pierrot (band)", "paragraph_text": "Pierrot (stylized as PIERROT) was a Japanese visual kei rock band formed in 1994 in Nagano. After changing their name from Dizy-Lizy to Pierrot and several member changes, the final lineup was completed in 1995 with Kirito on vocals, Jun and Aiji on guitar, Kohta on bass and Takeo on drums. After roughly ten years together, Pierrot disbanded in 2006. Their final single was named \"Hello\", an apt title for a band who started their major career with an album called \"Finale\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Yellow Machinegun", "paragraph_text": "Yellow Machinegun was a hardcore punk/heavy metal band formed in 1993 in Osaka, Japan. They produced a demo tape in December 1995. The band released their debut album called \"Father's Golden Fish\" on October 21, 1996 for Bandai Music Entertainment. This band has shared the same stage with bands such as Slayer, Mot\u00f6rhead, and Stormtroopers of Death. The band became dormant in June 2006. They did, however, reunite in Tokyo to play a show with the vocalist's new band, SuziSuzi, in April of 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Stacy's Mom", "paragraph_text": "\"Stacy's Mom\" is a pop rock song recorded by the American rock band Fountains of Wayne for their third studio album, \"Welcome Interstate Managers\". \"Stacy's Mom\" was released to radio on May 20, 2003. The song was released as the lead single from \"Welcome Interstate Managers\" on September 29, 2003 through S-Curve Records and Virgin Records. \"Stacy's Mom\" was written by bassist Adam Schlesinger and vocalist Chris Collingwood, both of whom produced the song alongside Mike Denneen. Its subject matter was inspired by a friend of Schlesinger's when he was young who had a crush on his grandmother. A power pop song, the group hoped to emulate the sound of the Cars with the track.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Fountains of Wayne", "paragraph_text": "Fountains of Wayne was an American rock band that formed in New York City in 1995. The band consisted of Chris Collingwood, Adam Schlesinger, Jody Porter, and Brian Young. The band was best known for their 2003 Grammy-nominated single \"Stacy's Mom\".", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac1b1345542994ab5c67dd0", "question_text": "Sinch when has the rank held by Sir Charles Comyn Egertong been the highest in the British Army?  ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1736"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Charles Forbes-Leith", "paragraph_text": "Colonel Sir Charles Rosdew Forbes-Leith, 1st Baronet (20 February 1859 \u2013 2 November 1930), known as Charles Burn until 1923 and as Sir Charles Burn, Bt, between 1923 and 1925, was a British army officer and Conservative Party politician who was Member of Parliament for Torquay from 1910 to 1923.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Master aircrew", "paragraph_text": "Master aircrew (MAcr) is the warrant-officer rank held by aircrew in the Royal Air Force. It is equivalent to warrant officer in other trades, and is effectively the highest non-commissioned aircrew rank. It has a NATO rank code of OR-9.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Charles Egerton (Indian Army officer)", "paragraph_text": "Field Marshal Sir Charles Comyn Egerton (10 November 1848 \u2013 20 February 1921) was a senior Indian Army officer from the Egerton family.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sowar", "paragraph_text": "Sowar (Hindi: \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0930, \u0a38\u0a35\u0a3e\u0a30, also \"siwar\" meaning \"the one who rides\" or \"rider\", from Persian \"saw\u0101r\"), was originally a rank during the Mughal, Maratha period. Later during the British Raj it was the name in Anglo-Indian usage for a horse-soldier belonging to the cavalry troops of the native armies of British India and the feudal states. It is also used more specifically of a mounted orderly, escort or guard. It was also the rank held by ordinary cavalry troopers, equivalent to sepoy in the infantry - this rank has been inherited by the modern armies of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jiang (rank)", "paragraph_text": "Jiang () is the rank held by general officers in the military of both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan. The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police use three levels at present while the Republic of China Armed Forces use four, with the rank equivalent to the fourth being treated as a field officer rank in the PLA (i.e. senior colonel equivalent to brigadier general ). This difference is found in other militaries as well. For example. in the British Army a brigadier is considered a field officer, while the equivalent rank in the United States Army, brigadier general, is considered a general officer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Field marshal (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": "Field Marshal has been the highest rank in the British Army since 1736. A five-star rank with NATO code OF-10, it is equivalent to an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal Navy or a Marshal of the Royal Air Force in the Royal Air Force (RAF). A Field Marshal's insignia consists of two crossed batons surrounded by yellow leaves below St Edward's Crown. Like Marshals of the RAF and Admirals of the Fleet, Field Marshals traditionally remain officers for life, though on half-pay when not in an appointment. The rank has been used sporadically throughout its history and was vacant during parts of the 18th and 19th centuries (when all former holders of the rank were deceased). After the Second World War, it became standard practice to appoint the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (later renamed Chief of the General Staff) to the rank on his last day in the post. Army officers occupying the post of Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of all the British Armed Forces, were usually promoted to the rank upon their appointment.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Wei (rank)", "paragraph_text": "Wei (\u5c09) is the rank held by company-grade officers in the military of both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. It currently exists in three grades, \"shao wei\" (\u5c11\u5c09), \"zhong wei\" (\u4e2d\u5c09) (\"chung wei\" using Wade\u2013Giles), and \"shang wei\" (\u4e0a\u5c09). An additional grade, \"da wei\" (\u5927\u5c09), formerly existed in the People's Liberation Army, during the period 1955-1965. However, when the use of rank and insignia was restored in 1988, this rank was not re-established. As opposed to the Western tradition of using different names for equivalent ranks in the army and navy, Chinese armed forces use the same rank names for all services, prefixed in the case of the PLA by \"hai jun\" (\u6d77\u519b) (naval force) or \"kong jun\" (\u7a7a\u519b) (air force).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "General (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": "General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank currently achievable by serving officers of the British Army. The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, General Sir Gordon Messenger the new Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now only awarded as an honorary rank. The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank. It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Xiao (rank)", "paragraph_text": "Xiao (\u6821) (Wade\u2013Giles: Hsiao) is the rank held by field officers in the military of both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. The People's Liberation Army uses four grades while the Republic of China uses only three, with the rank equivalent to the fourth being treated as a general officer rank. This difference is found in other militaries as well. For example. in the British Army a brigadier is considered a field officer, while the equivalent rank in the United States Army, brigadier general, is considered a general officer. The PLA use the same rank names for all services, prefixed by Hai Jun (\u6d77\u519b) (Naval Force) or Kong Jun (\u7a7a\u519b) (Air Force). While the ROC does the same for enlisted ranks and company-grade officers, it has distinct names for the higher naval ranks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Military ranks of Syria", "paragraph_text": "Commissioned officers' rank insignia are identical for the army and air force. These are gold on a bright green or black shoulder board for the army and gold on a bright blue board for the air force. Officer ranks are standard, although the highest is the equivalent of Colonel General, a rank held in 1986 only by the commander in chief and the minister of defense. Navy officer rank insignia are gold stripes worn on the lower sleeve. The highest-ranking officer in Syria's navy is the equivalent of lieutenant general. Army and air force rank for warrant officers is indicated by gold stars on an olive green shield worn on the upper left arm. Lower noncommissioned ranks are indicated by upright and inverted chevrons worn on the upper left arm.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abf16965542993fe9a41dd3", "question_text": " Hamilton Evans \"Tony\" James is the COO and director of the largest alternative investment firm in what?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the world"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Archview Investment Group LP", "paragraph_text": "Archview Investment Group LP is an institutional alternative investment firm based out of Stamford, Connecticut. The firm was founded in 2009 by Founding Principals Jeffrey Jacob and John Humphrey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hamilton E. James", "paragraph_text": "Hamilton Evans \"Tony\" James (born February 3, 1951) is president, chief operating officer (COO) and a director of Blackstone, a New York-based global asset management firm. He is also a known philanthropist. James has also served as chairman of Costco since August 2017.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Bain Capital", "paragraph_text": "Bain Capital is a global alternative investment firm based in Boston, Massachusetts. It specializes in private equity, venture capital and credit products. Bain Capital invests across a range of industry sectors and geographic regions. As of June 2014, the firm managed more than $75 billion of investor capital across its various investment platforms.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Atlantic Investment Management", "paragraph_text": "Atlantic Investment Management is a global alternative investment firm founded in 1988 by Alexander J. Roepers (\u201cAlex\u201d). Atlantic has 29 employees worldwide with offices in New York City and Tokyo. As of June 2014, the firm had $2.3 billion in assets under management.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Zachary Karabell", "paragraph_text": "Zachary Karabell is Head of Global Strategies at Envestnet, a publicly traded financial services firm where he works with the board and senior management on corporate strategy and with the investment committee on overall investment approaches for the firm. He is also President of River Twice Research. Previously, he was Executive Vice President, Chief Economist, and Head of Marketing at Fred Alger Management, a New York-based investment firm. He was also President of Fred Alger & Company, a broker-dealer; Portfolio Manager of the China-U.S. Growth Fund (CHUSX); and Executive Vice President of Alger\u2019s Spectra Funds, a no-load family of mutual funds that managed the Spectra Green Fund. He founded and ran the River Twice Fund from 2011-2013, a $25 million alternative investment fund which used sustainable business as its primary investment theme.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "James Man", "paragraph_text": "James Man (1755\u20131823) was the founder of Man Group, the United Kingdom's largest alternative investment management business.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Crescent Capital Group", "paragraph_text": "Crescent Capital Group is an alternative investment firm focused on below investment grade markets with primary strategies that include funds that invest in senior bank loans, high-yield debt, mezzanine debt, special situations, and distressed securities. The firm has approximately $25 billion of assets under management and has made investments in over 190 companies since its inception as well as expanded into the European market with operations based in London.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Kenneth C. Griffin", "paragraph_text": "Kenneth C. Griffin (born October 15, 1968) is an American investor, hedge fund manager, and philanthropist. He is the founder and chief executive of the global investment firm Citadel, founded in 1990. s of March 2015 , Citadel is one of the world's largest alternative investment management firms with an estimated $25 billion in investment capital. Citadel's group of hedge funds rank among the largest and most successful hedge funds in the world. \" Forbes\" identified Griffin as one of 2012's highest earning hedge fund managers as well as one of the Forbes 400.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cowen Group", "paragraph_text": "Cowen Inc. is a diversified financial services firm that provides alternative investment management, investment banking, research, and sales and trading services through its two business segments: Cowen Investment Management (formerly Ramius LLC), a global alternative investment management business, and Cowen and Company, LLC, a broker-dealer business. Founded in 1918 by Harry Cowen and Arthur Cowen, Jr., the Firm is headquartered in New York City and has offices located worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Blackstone Group", "paragraph_text": "The Blackstone Group L.P. is an American multinational private equity, alternative asset management and financial services firm based in New York City. As the largest alternative investment firm in the world, Blackstone specializes in private equity, credit and hedge fund investment strategies.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5aba55f25542994dbf0198e0", "question_text": "Which space mission did the man, in which the Onizuka Prop Wash Award is named after, perish?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["STS-51-L"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Onizuka Prop Wash Award", "paragraph_text": "The Onizuka Prop Wash Award recognizes the student at the United States Air Force Test Pilot School (USAF TPS) who contributed most to class spirit and morale. The honoree from each class is selected by his or her fellow students rather than by school faculty. The award is named in memory of TPS graduate Ellison Onizuka who perished in the explosion of the Space Shuttle \"Challenger\" in 1986.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "NASA Space Flight Medal", "paragraph_text": "The NASA Space Flight Medal is a decoration of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. According to its statutes, it is awarded \"for significant achievement or service during individual participation as a civilian or military astronaut, pilot, mission specialist, payload specialist, or other space flight participant in a space flight mission.\" In practice, the medal is bestowed upon any astronaut (US or foreign) who flies aboard a United States space mission, and typically every subsequent flight is honored with an additional award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ellison Onizuka", "paragraph_text": "Ellison Shoji Onizuka (June 24, 1946\u00a0\u2013 January 28, 1986 ) was an American astronaut from Kealakekua, Hawaii, who successfully flew into space with the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" on STS-51-C. He died in the destruction of the Space Shuttle \"Challenger\", on which he was serving as Mission Specialist for mission STS-51-L. He was the first Asian American and the first person of Japanese ancestry to reach space.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Double Star (satellite)", "paragraph_text": "Double Star is a joint satellite based space mission by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) and the European Space Agency (ESA). It is the first space mission launched by China to investigate Earth's magnetosphere. It consists of two satellites: an Equatorial satellite (TC-1) and Polar satellite (TC-2). Double Star follows in the footsteps of ESA's Cluster mission by studying the effects of the Sun on the Earth's environment. After a nominal mission of one year (from the launch of TC-2 in July 2004), the Double Star mission was extended twice by both agencies till the end of September 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mission patch", "paragraph_text": "A mission patch is a cloth reproduction of a spaceflight mission emblem worn by astronauts and other personnel affiliated with that mission. It is usually executed as an embroidered patch. The term space patch is mostly applied to an emblem designed for a manned space mission. Traditionally, the patch is worn on the space suit that astronauts and cosmonauts wear when launched into space. Mission patches have been adopted by the crew and personnel of many other space ventures, public and private.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Jay Barbree", "paragraph_text": "Jay Barbree (born November 26, 1933) is a correspondent for NBC News, focusing on space travel. Barbree is the only journalist to have covered every manned space mission in the United States, beginning with the first American in space, Alan Shepard aboard \"Freedom 7\" in 1961, continuing through to the last mission of the Space Shuttle, \"Atlantis's\" STS-135 mission in July 2011. Barbree has been present for all 135 space shuttle launches, and every manned launch for the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo eras. In total, Barbree has been witness to 166 manned space launches.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Euclid (spacecraft)", "paragraph_text": "Euclid (named after the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid of Alexandria, the \"Father of Geometry\"), is a space mission currently under development by the European Space Agency (ESA). The objective of Euclid is to better understand dark energy and dark matter by accurately measuring the acceleration of the universe. To achieve this, the spacecraft will measure the redshift of galaxies at varying distances from Earth and investigate the relationship between distance and redshift. Dark energy is generally accepted as contributing to the increased acceleration of the expanding universe, so understanding this relationship will help to refine how physicists and astrophysicists understand it. Euclid's mission advances and complements ESA's Planck mission, and other contemporary space missions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "David Spergel", "paragraph_text": "David Nathaniel Spergel (born March 25, 1961), is an American theoretical astrophysicist and Princeton University professor known for his work on the WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) mission. Spergel is a MacArthur Fellow. He is a member of the NASA Advisory Council and is chair of the Space Studies Board. He was once the W.M. Keck distinguished visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He was part of the team that originated the WMAP mission and designed the spacecraft, and has worked on deciphering the data that it beams back from space. Spergel is playing a leading role in developing the WFIRST(Wide Field Infrared Space Telescope), a multibillion-dollar space mission planned for launch in the mid-2020s. Spergel is the Charles A Young Professor of Astronomy and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Spergel is the Founding Director of the Center for Computational Astrophysics. He", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cluster II (spacecraft)", "paragraph_text": "Cluster II is a space mission of the European Space Agency, with NASA participation, to study the Earth's magnetosphere over the course of nearly two solar cycles. The mission is composed of four identical spacecraft flying in a tetrahedral formation. As a replacement for the original Cluster spacecraft which were lost in a launch failure in 1996, the four Cluster II spacecraft were successfully launched in pairs in July and August 2000 onboard two Soyuz-Fregat rockets from Baikonur, Kazakhstan. In February 2011, Cluster II celebrated 10 years of successful scientific operations in space. The mission has been extended until December 2018. China National Space Administration/ESA Double Star mission operated alongside Cluster II from 2004 to 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Don Quijote (spacecraft)", "paragraph_text": "Don Quijote is a past space probe concept that has been studied by the European Space Agency, and which would investigate the effects of crashing a spacecraft into an asteroid. The mission was intended to test whether a spacecraft could successfully deflect an asteroid on a collision course with Earth. The orbiter was designed to last for seven years. The mission did not proceed beyond initial studies, currently ESA is working on Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment mission as a part of its NEO space mission studies.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a81f85d55429926c1cdadca", "question_text": "The pilot and author of Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters was hired by which news station in 2011?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["CBS News"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Chesley Sullenberger", "paragraph_text": "Chesley Burnett \"Sully\" Sullenberger III (born 1951) is an American retired airline captain celebrated for the January 15, 2009 water landing of US Airways Flight 1549 in the Hudson River off Manhattan after the plane was disabled by striking a flock of Canada geese immediately after takeoff; all 155 people aboard survived. Sullenberger is an international speaker on airline safety and has helped develop new protocols for airline safety. He served as the co-chairman, along with First Officer Jeffrey Skiles, of the EAA's Young Eagles youth introduction-to-aviation program from 2009 to 2013. He retired from US Airways after 30 years as a commercial pilot on March 3, 2010. In May of the following year, Sullenberger was hired by CBS News as an Aviation and Safety Expert.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Nothing Really Matters", "paragraph_text": "\"Nothing Really Matters\" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her seventh studio album, \"Ray of Light\" (1998). It was written by Madonna and Patrick Leonard, and was produced by the singer with William Orbit and Marius De Vries. The song was released as the fifth and final single from the album on March 2, 1999 by Maverick Records and Warner Bros. Records. An EDM track on which Madonna experiments with different musical genres, \"Nothing Really Matters\" includes ambient music and electronic noise frequencies that were added by De Vries. Lyrically, the recording delves on the singer's first daughter Lourdes Leon, having also themes of selfishness, affection, and motherhood.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Peter Rauhofer", "paragraph_text": "Peter Rauhofer (29 April 1965 \u2013 7 May 2013) was a disc jockey (DJ), remixer and producer who formerly went under the moniker Club 69 as well as Size Queen. A native of Vienna, Austria, he was famous for a variety of his remixes including Cher's \"Believe\" and a number of Madonna's songs including \"Nothing Really Matters\", \"American Life\", \"Nothing Fails\", \"Nobody Knows Me\", \"Get Together\", \"Impressive Instant\" and \"4 Minutes\", as well as her collaboration with Britney Spears, \"Me Against the Music\" and various collaborations with Janet Jackson (\"Throb\" and \"Just A Little While\" to name a few). He has also provided remixes for Whitney Houston, Jessica Simpson, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Yoko Ono, Pink, Tori Amos, Pet Shop Boys, Depeche Mode, Yazoo, Frankie Goes To Hollywood, Book Of Love, Soft Cell, Duran Duran and Mariah Carey, among others. He was also behind the tribal house record label Star 69 and was a frequent producer of the label's releases.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Life Could Be Verse: Reflections on Love, Loss, and What Really Matters", "paragraph_text": "Life Could Be Verse: Reflections on Love, Loss, and What Really Matters", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "G-A-Y", "paragraph_text": "G-A-Y is a gay nightclub in London. It operated from the London Astoria music venue for 15 years until July 2008. The Boston Globe described it as \"London's largest gay-themed club night\", \"NME\" reported that it \"attracts 6,000 clubbers each week\", and \"The Independent\" described it as \"the one London gig that really matters\" for \"today's pop stars\". On Friday 3 October 2008, it moved to famous gay venue Heaven.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters", "paragraph_text": "Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters is a memoir written by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow (1958\u20132012) describing the events of US Airways Flight 1549. The \"New York Times\" bestselling autobiography of Capt. Chesley \u201cSully\u201d Sullenberger\u2014the pilot who landed a crippled airplane in New York's Hudson River, saving the lives of the 155 passengers\u2014discusses leadership, responsibility, and service, along with his life story.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nothing Really Matters (Mr Probz song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Nothing Really Matters\" is a song by Dutch recording artist Mr Probz. It was released on 29 September 2014 as a digital download. The song was written by Dennis Princewell Stehr, Aliaune Thiam, Giorgio Tuinfort and Jake Gosling. It peaked to number 1 on the Dutch Singles Chart and in Portugal. The song has also charted in Belgium and Sweden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Love Is (Kevin Sharp album)", "paragraph_text": "Love Is is the title of the second album released by American country music artist Kevin Sharp. The two singles released from the album, \"Love Is All That Really Matters\" and \"If She Only Knew\", both failed to reach the top 40 in the charts while the album itself reached #36 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. \"Her Heart Is Only Human\" was originally recorded by Ty Herndon on his 1996 album \"Living in a Moment\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Medford Cable News", "paragraph_text": "Medford Cable News, (MCN) is the City of Medford, MA's only non-profit broadcast news station. Owned and operated by Medford Community Cablevision, Inc. MCN began in 2010 as a short news topic program that aired on Comcast channel 3. After Medford Community Cablevision was internationally recognized by the Alliance for Community Media for \"Overall Excellence in Public Television,\" the news station expanded to live broadcasts and an online publication. MCN reports on local, government, business, and entertainment news. The company plans to also feature live weather and sports reports by July 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "All That Really Matters", "paragraph_text": "All That Really Matters (Polish: Wszystko, co najwa\u017cniejsze ) is a 1992 Polish drama film directed by Robert Gli\u0144ski. The film was selected as the Polish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 65th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a801f215542992bc0c4a6b2", "question_text": "the first woman to be the chef de mission of an Australian Olympic team won gold medal in which winter Olympics ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["2002 Winter Olympics"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Alisa Camplin", "paragraph_text": "Alisa Peta Camplin OAM (born 10 November 1974) is an Australian aerial skier who won gold at the 2002 Winter Olympics, the second ever winter Olympic gold medal for Australia. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Camplin finished third to receive a bronze medal. She is the first Australian skier to win medals at consecutive Winter Olympics, making her one of Australia's best skiers.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Edgar Grospiron", "paragraph_text": "Edgar Grospiron (born March 17, 1969) is a French freestyle skier and Olympic champion. He won a gold medal at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. He received a bronze medal at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. At the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics he was \"Chef de mission\" for the French Team. He was in charge of the Annecy bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics, which did not win.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sri Lanka at the 2017 Asian Winter Games", "paragraph_text": "Sri Lanka is scheduled to compete in the 2017 Asian Winter Games in Sapporo and Obihiro, Japan from February 19 to 26. This marks the country's official debut at the Asian Winter Games and a global Winter sporting event. The country is scheduled to compete with five athletes in one sport (three disciplines). The team will also consist of two officials and a chef de mission. The chef de mission of the team is Gihan Dalpathdo, the gecretary general of Winter Sport Association of Sri Lanka.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jana Gantnerov\u00e1-\u0160olt\u00fdsov\u00e1", "paragraph_text": "Jana Gantnerov\u00e1-\u0160olt\u00fdsov\u00e1 (born 30 September 1959 in Ke\u017emarok) is a Slovak former alpine skier who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1976 Winter Olympics, 1980 Winter Olympics, and 1984 Winter Olympics. In December 1980 she won an Alpine Skiing World Cup downhill in Altenmarkt, becoming the first east European skier to win a World Cup race. Her best performance at the Olympics was a fifth place in the downhill in 1984. Since retiring from competition she has served as president of the Slovak Skiing Association, as a member of the Slovak Olympic Committee Executive Board, as a member of the International Ski Federation Alpine Commission, and as Deputy Chef de Mission for the Slovak team at the 2010 Winter Olympics. She is the mother of alpine skier Jana Gantnerov\u00e1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Canada at the 2016 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Canada competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from August 5 to August 21, 2016. Since the nation's debut in 1900, Canadian athletes had appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the United States-led boycott. The chef de mission was Curt Harnett, appointed in April 2016 after Jean-Luc Brassard, the original chef de mission, resigned his position.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Geoff Henke", "paragraph_text": "Geoffrey \"Geoff\" John Henke, AO is a former Australian ice hockey player and Australian Olympic Committee official. He was the chef de mission of the Australian Winter Olympic delegations from 1976 until 1994, and is credited with ending the neglect of winter sports in Australia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Australia at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Australia competed at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck. The chef de mission of the team will be former Olympic champion Alisa Camplin, the first time a woman is the chef de mission of any Australian Olympic team. The Australian team will consist of 13 athletes in 8 sports.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mike Hay", "paragraph_text": "As a player, he had success from 1982 to 1996. He went on to coach the women's team that won gold in Curling at the 2002 Winter Olympics and, partly due to this, was appointed as an MBE in 2004. He later served as Britain's Olympic performance manager at the 2010 Winter Olympics. After this he became Chef de Mission for Team GB for the 2014 Winter Olympics. He is brother to David Hay and son of curler Chuck Hay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Herman Frazier", "paragraph_text": "Herman Ronald \"Herm\" Frazier (born October 29, 1954) is a retired American sprinter. He won gold medals in the 4\u00d7400 m relay at the 1976 Olympics and 1975 and 1979 Pan American Games. Individually he earned a bronze medal in the 400 m event at the 1976 Olympics. He served as chef de mission of the 2004 U.S. Olympic team and as the Athletic Director at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of Hawaii.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Canada at the 2011 Pan American Games", "paragraph_text": "Canada, which is represented by the Canadian Olympic Committee (COC), has competed at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico from October 14 to 30, 2011. The Canadian team was made up of 492 athletes (256 men and 236 women), the most ever for a non-home Games. On the team all ten provinces and the Northwest Territories are represented. Some sports such as wrestling have sent their strongest team, however sports which offer the most medals (swimming and athletics) have sent for the most part a developmental team. Table Tennis player Anqi Luo (15 years old) was Canada's youngest athlete at the Games while Equestrian athlete Ian Millar (64 years old) was Canada's eldest athlete competing in Guadalajara. Canada has competed in 35 out of the 36 sports on the program (the exception being basque pelota). On October 4, 2011 women's football star Christine Sinclair was selected to carry the flag during the opening ceremony. The chef de mission was Jacques Cardyn and the assistant chef de mission was Curt Harnett.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8210f355429926c1cdae24", "question_text": "What award did the actor in Tales from the Crypt win?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["BAFTA TV Award Best Actor"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nick Reding (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Mark \"Nick\" Reding (born 31 August 1962 in Chiswick, London) is an English actor. During a career of more than two decades, he is probably best known for playing PC Pete Ramsey in \"The Bill\" and DI Michael Conner in the BBC crime thriller series \"Silent Witness\". His many TV and film appearances include \"The Monocled Mutineer\", \"Bodyguards\", \"Oscar\", \"Peak Practice\", \"Frank Stubbs Promotes\", \"Minder\", \"Tales from the Crypt\", \"Bugs\", \"Sword of Honour\", \"A Touch of Frost\", \"Paradise Postponed\", \"Murder in Mind\", \"Boon\", \"The Ruth Rendell Mysteries\", \"Captive\", \"Mister Johnson\", \"The House of Eliott\", \"Police 2020\", \"Sunburn\", \"Croupier\", \"Judge John Deed\", \"The Constant Gardener\", \"Blood Diamond\" and \"Soul Boy\". On stage he played Joseph Porter Pitt in Tony Kushner's \"Angels in America\" at the Royal National Theatre, as well as leading roles at the Royal Court. He also appeared in \"Lovejoy\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Cathy Moriarty", "paragraph_text": "Cathy Moriarty (born November 29, 1960) is an American actress whose career spans over 30 years. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for \"Raging Bull\" (1980). She also starred in films, including \"Neighbors\", \"White of the Eye\", \"Soapdish\", \"Casper\", \"Analyze That\", and \"The Bounty Hunter\". She starred in television roles, such as \"Tales from the Crypt\" (in which she won a CableACE Award for Best Actress in a Dramatic Series), \"Law & Order\", \"\" and \"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Aaron Paul", "paragraph_text": "Aaron Paul Sturtevant (born August 27, 1979), known as Aaron Paul, is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Jesse Pinkman in the AMC series \"Breaking Bad\", for which he won several awards, including the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (2014), the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Series, Miniseries, or Television Film (2013), and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. This made him the only actor to win the latter category three times (2010, 2012, 2014), since its separation into drama and comedy. He has also won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television three times (2009, 2011, 2013), more than any other actor in that category.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Stephen Semel", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Semel (sometimes credited as Steve Semel or Steven Semel) is an American Primetime Emmy Award-winning film and television editor, film producer, production manager, and actor. He has worked as an editor for mainstream movies, such as \"Airheads\", \"The Count of Monte Cristo\", \"Fandango\", \"Kuffs\", \"License to Drive\", \"Miracle Mile\", \"My Giant\", \"One Eight Seven\", \"Only The Strong\", \"Three to Tango\", \"The Truth About Cats & Dogs\", \"The Way of the Gun\", and \"You So Crazy\". Semel has also edited episodes of several television series, including episodes of \"Century City\", \"Dragnet\", \"Kyle XY\", \"House\", \"Melrose Place\", and \"Tales from the Crypt\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "John Kassir", "paragraph_text": "John Kassir (born October 24, 1957) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian. He is known as the voice of the Crypt Keeper in HBO's \"Tales from the Crypt\" franchise. Kassir is also known for his role as Ralph in the Off-Broadway show \"Reefer Madness\", as well as its film adaptation, as well as his voice over work as Buster Bunny (taking over for Charlie Adler late in the final season of \"Tiny Toon Adventures\"), Ray \"Raymundo\" Rocket on \"Rocket Power\", the mischievous raccoon Meeko in \"Pocahontas\" and its direct-to-video sequel, Jibolba in the \"Tak and the Power of Juju\" video game series, and the current voices of Pete Puma in \"The Looney Tunes Show\", and Deadpool in \"\" and the \"\" series. He has also recently done the voice of Rizzo for the newest Spyro game, , and voiced Ghost Roaster in \"\", as well as Short Cut in \"\" and Pit Boss in \"\". He is also known for his various roles in season 1 of \"The Amanda Show\". He voiced the Ice King in the Adventure Time (pilot) but was replaced by Tom Kenny for the series. He also provided additional voice over work for \"Sonic the Hedgehog\", \"Eek! The Cat\", \"The Brothers Flub\", \"Dead Rising\", \"Casper's Scare School\", \"Spider-Man 3\", \"\", \"Diablo III\", \"Monsters University\", \"The Prophet\", \"\" and \"The Secret Life of Pets\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Britt Leach", "paragraph_text": "Britt Leach (born July 18, 1938; Gadsden, Alabama) is an American character actor. He is best known for his roles in the films \"Fuzz\" (1972), \"Interval\" (1973), \"The California Kid\" (1974), \"Jackson County Jail\" (1976), \"Goin' South\" (1978), \"Loose Shoes\" (1978), \"Hardly Working\" (1980), \"\" (1980), \"Night Warning\" (1982), \"The Last Starfighter\" (1984), \"Silent Night, Deadly Night\" (1984), \"Weird Science\" (1985), \"Baby Boom\" (1987) and \"The Great Outdoors\" (1988). Leach has also made guest appearances in television shows such as \"The Brady Bunch\", \"The Partridge Family\", \"Bonanza\", \"Tales from the Crypt\" and many others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tales from the Crypt (film)", "paragraph_text": "Tales from the Crypt is a 1972 British horror film, directed by Freddie Francis. It is an anthology film consisting of five separate segments, based on stories from EC Comics. Only two of the stories, however, are actually from EC's \"Tales from the Crypt\". The reason for this, according to \"Creepy\" founding editor Russ Jones, is that producer Milton Subotsky did not own a run of the original EC comic book but instead adapted the movie from the two paperback reprints given to him by Jones. The movie was one of many Amicus horror anthologies made during the 1970s and features an all star cast, including Joan Collins, Peter Cushing, Richard Greene, and Roy Dotrice, with Ralph Richardson as the Crypt Keeper.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Riz Ahmed", "paragraph_text": "Rizwan Ahmed (Urdu: \u200e ; born 1 December 1982), also known as Riz MC, is a British-Pakistani actor, rapper and activist. As an actor, he won an Emmy Award, out of two Emmy nominations, and was also nominated for a Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild Award, and three British Independent Film Awards. He was initially known for his work in independent films such as \"The Road to Guantanamo\" (2006), \"Shifty\" (2008), \"Four Lions\" (2010), \"Trishna\" (2011), and \"Ill Manors\" (2012), before his breakout role in \"Nightcrawler\" (2014). In 2016, he starred in \"Una\", \"Jason Bourne\", and as Bodhi Rook in the first \"Star Wars\" \"Anthology\" film, \"Rogue One\". That year, he also starred in the HBO miniseries \"The Night Of\" as Nasir Khan; the show and his performance were critically lauded. At the 2017 Emmy Awards, he received two nominations, for his performance in \"The Night Of\" and his guest spot in \"Girls\"; he won the award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie for \"The Night Of\", becoming the first Asian and first Muslim to win in the category, the first South Asian male to win an acting Emmy, and the first Muslim and first South Asian to win a lead acting Emmy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Peter Cushing", "paragraph_text": "Peter Wilton Cushing, OBE (26 May 191311 August 1994) was an English actor and a BAFTA TV Award Best Actor winner in 1956. He is mainly known for his prolific appearances in Hammer Films, in which he played strong character roles like the sinister scientist Baron Frankenstein, Sherlock Holmes and the vampire hunter Dr. Van Helsing, among many other roles. He appeared frequently opposite Christopher Lee and, occasionally, Vincent Price.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Robert Sacchi", "paragraph_text": "Robert Sacchi (born March 3, 1941 in Bronx, New York) is an American character actor who, since the 1970s, has been known for his close resemblance to Humphrey Bogart. Sacchi has appeared in many films and TV shows playing either Bogart or a character who happens to look and sound like him. In a notable episode of \"Tales from the Crypt\" called \"You, Murderer\", in 1995 ( season 6 \u00e9pisode 15 ), Sacchi only provided the voice of a character who looks like Bogart; computer manipulated stock footage of Bogart himself provided the visuals.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7dbc175542995ed0d1666b", "question_text": "What russian Marxist revolutionary born in 1875 was part of the Vpered organization?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bandi Sailu", "paragraph_text": "Bandi Sailu (1928 \u2013 15 July 2000) or Sayilu Saayilu was a Marxist revolutionary born in a Dalit family in Mandapelli village, Duggondi mandal, Narsampeta Thalukh in the Warangal district of Andhra Pradesh, India.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "You Fell Victim to a Fateful Struggle", "paragraph_text": "You Fell Victim (Russian: \"\u0412\u044b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438\"; \"Vy zhertvoiu pali\"), or You Fell Victim to a Fateful Struggle, is a Russian Marxist and revolutionary funeral march. It acted as the funeral dirge of the Russian revolutionary movement, among them the Bolsheviks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sergey Yustinovich Bagotsky", "paragraph_text": "Sergey Yustinovich Bagotsky (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u042e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439 ; 15 February 1879 - 15 March 1953) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and Soviet medicine and Red Cross diplomat, Soviet head of the Red Cross representative mission to Geneva from 1918 to 1936.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Apollinariya Yakubova", "paragraph_text": "Apollinariya Yakubova (died 1913 or 1917) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and, with Vladimir Lenin, one of the founders of the League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Matvey Skobelev", "paragraph_text": "Matvey Ivanovich Skobelev (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432 ; November 9, 1885, Baku \u2013 July 29, 1938, Moscow) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and politician.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Aleksandra Sokolovskaya", "paragraph_text": "Aleksandra Lvovna Sokolovskaya (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f ; 1872 \u2013 c. 1938) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and Leon Trotsky's first wife. She perished in the Great Purges no earlier than 1938.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Vpered", "paragraph_text": "Vpered (\"Forward\" or \"Hasten\") (1909 - 1912) was an organization emanating from within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Russian Social Democracy or RSDLP). The faction was gathered by Alexander Bogdanov (1873 - 1928) in December 1909. The group included: Alexander Bogdanov, Maxim Gorky, Anatoly Lunacharsky, Mikhail Pokrovsky, Grigory Aleksinsky, Stanislav Volski, and Martyn Liadov. Although Vpered emerged from the Bolshevik wing of Russian Social Democracy, the group was critical of Lenin.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Anatoly Lunacharsky", "paragraph_text": "Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 , , 23 November\u00a0[O.S. 11 November]\u00a01875 \u2013 26 December 1933) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Soviet People's Commissar of Education responsible for culture and education. He was active as an art critic and journalist throughout his career.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Martemyan Ryutin", "paragraph_text": "Martemyan Nikitich Ryutin (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044e\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043d ) (1890\u20131937) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, and a political functionary of the Russian Communist Party. Ryutin is best remembered as the leader of a pro-peasant political faction organized against Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in the early 1930s and as the primary author of a 200-page oppositional platform. Ryutin was arrested by the Soviet secret police, along with his co-thinkers, in what has come to be known as the Ryutin Affair. He was executed in January 1937 as part of the Yezhovshchina (Great Purge) conducted against political oppositionists and suspected economic \"wreckers\" and spies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Vladimir Bazarov", "paragraph_text": "Vladimir Alexandrovich Bazarov ( \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432; 1874\u20131939) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, journalist, philosopher, and economist, born Vladimir Alexandrovich Rudnev. Bazarov is best remembered as a pioneer in the development of economic planning in the Soviet Union.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae2138c5542997283cd23b7", "question_text": "Are Villa Paletti and Betrayal at House on the Hill both board games?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Francis Tresham (game designer)", "paragraph_text": "Francis Tresham is a United Kingdom-based board game designer who has been producing board games since the early 1970s. Tresham founded and ran games company Hartland Trefoil (founded 1971), a company well known for its \"Civilization\" board game, until its sale to MicroProse in 1997. His \"1829\" game was the first of the \"18xx\" board game series and some of his board games have inspired Sid Meier computer games such as \"Railroad Tycoon\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Glossary of board games", "paragraph_text": "This page explains commonly used terms in board games in alphabetical order. For a list of board games, see List of board games. For terms specific to chess, see Glossary of chess. For terms related to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of word board games", "paragraph_text": "Word board games are those games played on a board as players of the game attempt to construct words that use a scoring system. The player with the highest score wins the game. Many if not most board games are also available as software programs and online. Online word board games can be organized so that the player is playing against other people or the game can be played against an automated program acting as an artificial intelligence. Players of some word board games organize themselves into associations, clubs, and tournaments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Brian Campbell (game designer)", "paragraph_text": "Brian \"Chainsaw\" Campbell is a Greater Seattle area game developer, author and editor who is credited for working in the role-playing game industry as far back as 1993. Brian's notable work includes \"\", \"\", \"\", Ratkin, and other World of Darkness products for White Wolf, the d20 versions of \"Call of Cthulhu\" and \"Star Wars\" for Wizards of the Coast, indie games such as \"Spaceship Zero\" for Green Ronin and \"Fading Suns\" for Holistic Design, Inc., and a foray into board games that included \"Betrayal at House on the Hill\" from Avalon Hill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bear games", "paragraph_text": "Bear games is a category of board games of which many have historical roots in the Roman Empire. They were played in parts of the Empire as far away as Turkey and France and are still played today, especially in Italy. All of the games are two-player abstract strategy board games. Normally, the game is played with three hunters and one bear on a patterned board. It bears similarity to the hunt games such as the Fox games, Rimau-rimau, and Bagha-Chall, however, there are no captures involved. The three hunters are trying to hem in the bear, and block its movements.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Villa Paletti", "paragraph_text": "Villa Paletti is a board game of physical skill designed by Bill Payne and published in 2001 by Zoch Verlag. Players compete to build the villa highest using columns from lower floors without collapsing the structure.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "David Parlett", "paragraph_text": "David Parlett (born 1939) is a games scholar, historian, and translator from South London, who has studied both card games and board games. His published works include many popular books on games and the more academic volumes \"The Oxford Guide to Card Games\" and \"The Oxford History of Board Games\", both now out of print. Parlett also invented a number of board games, the most successful of which is Hare and Tortoise (1974). The German edition was awarded Spiel des Jahres (Game of the Year) in 1979.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Robert Charles Bell", "paragraph_text": "Robert Charles Bell (1917\u20132002) was the author of several books on board games, most importantly \"Board and Table Games 1 & 2\" (reprinted as \"Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations\"). This work won the Premier Award of the Doctors' Hobbies Exhibition, London. He was instrumental in popularizing traditional games, and is acknowledged as one of 11 \"principal sources\" in David Parlett's \"The Oxford History of Board Games\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Days of Wonder", "paragraph_text": "Days of Wonder is a board game publisher owned by Asmodee Group since 2014. Founded in 2002, Days of Wonder distributes its games to 25 countries. It specialises in German-style board games and have branched out to include some online games. Days of Wonder has published games in English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Hungarian, Finnish, Polish, Danish, Czech, Swedish, Norwegian, Korean, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Greek. Days of Wonder was co-founded by Eric Hautemont, Pierre Gaubil, Mark Kaufman & Yann Corno. Under the guidance of the company's Creative Director, Cyrille Daujean, the company quickly made a name for itself as a publisher of board games with top notch components and gorgeous designs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Betrayal at House on the Hill", "paragraph_text": "Betrayal at House on the Hill is a board game published by Avalon Hill in 2004, designed by Bruce Glassco and developed by Rob Daviau, Bill McQuillan, Mike Selinker, and Teeuwynn Woodruff. Players all begin as allies exploring a haunted house filled with dangers, traps, items and omens. As players explore the mansion, new room tiles are chosen at random; accordingly, the game board is different each session. Eventually the \"haunt\" begins, with the nature and plot of this session's ghost story revealed; one player usually \"betrays\" the others and takes the side of the ghosts, monsters, or other enemies, while the remaining players collaborate to defeat them.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abffdec554299012d1db55d", "question_text": "Which client of Lindka Cierach played Queen Elizabeth II in \"The Queen\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Helen Mirren"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sapphire Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "On 6 February 2017, the Sapphire Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, marking sixty-five years of her reign, occurred. The longest-reigning monarch in British history, Queen Elizabeth II was the first British monarch to have a sapphire jubilee. This Jubilee featured blue stamps from the Royal Mail, commemorative coins from the Royal Mint, and a reissue of an official 2014 portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by David Bailey. In this official portrait the Queen wears sapphire jewellery which she received as a wedding present from her father. The Jubilee also involved a gun salute at the Tower of London, a gun salute in Green Park, gun salutes in several other places around the United Kingdom, and the ringing of the bells in Westminster Abbey. Theresa May, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, congratulated Queen Elizabeth II in regard to the occasion, saying in part, \"I know the nation will join with me today in celebrating and giving thanks for the lifetime of service Her Majesty the Queen has given to our country and to the Commonwealth.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (French: \"M\u00e9daille du jubil\u00e9 de la Reine Elizabeth II\" ) or the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal was a commemorative medal created in 2002 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of Elizabeth II's accession. The Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal was awarded in Canada to nominees who contributed to public life. The Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal was awarded to active personnel in the British Armed Forces and Emergency Personnel who had completed 5 years of qualifying service.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Queen Elizabeth Hospital", "paragraph_text": "Queen Elizabeth Hospital or Queen Elizabeth's Hospital may refer to one of several institutions named after Queen Elizabeth I, Queen Elizabeth II or Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Wedding dress of Sarah Ferguson", "paragraph_text": "Sarah Ferguson wore a dress made from ivory duchesse satin and featuring heavy beadingfor her wedding to Prince Andrew, Duke of York on 23 July 1986 at Westminster Abbey. Designed by Lindka Cierach, the beadwork incorporated various symbols including hearts representing romance, anchors and waves representing Prince Andrew's sailing background and bumblebees and thistles, which were taken from Sarah Ferguson's family crest. Copies of the dress, including the motifs specific to the royal family, went on sale in stores just hours after the end of the wedding.Influenced by the wedding dress of Lady Diana Spencer, a notable feature of Sarah Ferguson's 17 foot long train was the intertwined initials A and S sewn in silver beads. The head-dress and bouquet, fabric rosettes or artificial silk flowers were used to adorn the gown itself. Ferguson was pleased with the dress, describing it in her 1997 memoir, \"My Story\", as \"an exquisite creation I'd lost twenty-six pounds to fit into. Lindka was a genius; I knew she could make the most flattering gown ever, and she had. It was amazingly boned, like a corset. \"Hair stylist Denise McAdam and make-up artist Teresa Fairminer attended to the bride, while florist Jane Packer designed the bouquet. The ivory silk wedding dress became the season's most sought-after style.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "The Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II was a multinational celebration throughout 2012, that marked the 60th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1952. Queen Elizabeth is queen regnant of 16 sovereign states, known as Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. The only other time in British history that a monarch celebrated a Diamond Jubilee was in 1897, when Queen Victoria celebrated hers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lindka Cierach", "paragraph_text": "Lindka Rosalind Wanda Cierach is a British couturier and fashion designer. Notable clients include members of British and European Royal Families, Helen Mirren, Lady Victoria Hervey and Cherie Blair among others.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial", "paragraph_text": "The George VI and Queen Elizabeth Memorial, situated between The Mall and Carlton Gardens in central London, is a memorial to King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Completed in its present form in 2009, the memorial incorporates an earlier, Grade II-listed statue of George VI by William McMillan, unveiled by his daughter Queen Elizabeth II in 1955. The reconfigured memorial, which includes a statue of the Queen Mother by Philip Jackson, relief sculpture by Paul Day and an architectural setting by Donald Buttress and Donald Insall, was unveiled by Elizabeth II in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Queen Elizabeth cake", "paragraph_text": "Queen Elizabeth cake is a dessert cake prepared with typical cake ingredients and a shredded coconut icing. It is sometimes served with tea. Queen Elizabeth cake is named after Elizabeth II. It may have originated in 1953 for the coronation of Elizabeth II, and another account holds that it was invented for the 1937 coronation of King George VI and the Queen Mother Queen Elizabeth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II", "paragraph_text": "The Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II was the international celebration held in 2002 marking the 50th anniversary of the accession of Elizabeth II to the thrones of seven countries, upon the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952, and was intended by the Queen to be both a commemoration of her 50 years as monarch and an opportunity for her to officially and personally thank her people for their loyalty. Despite the deaths of her sister, Princess Margaret, and mother, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, in February and March 2002 respectively, and predictions in the media that the anniversary would be a non-event, the jubilee was marked with large-scale and popular events throughout London in June of the same year, bookended by events throughout the Commonwealth realms. Elizabeth attended all of the official celebrations as scheduled, along with her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh; over twelve months, the royal couple journeyed more than 40000 mi to the Caribbean, Australia, New Zealand, then around the United Kingdom, and wrapped up the jubilee year in Canada. Numerous landmarks, parks, buildings, and the like, were also named in honour of the golden jubilee and commemorative medals, stamps, and other symbols were issued.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Helen Mirren", "paragraph_text": "Dame Helen Lydia Mirren, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (\"n\u00e9e\" Mironoff; born 26 July 1945) is an English actor. Mirren began her acting career with the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1967, and is one of the few performers who have achieved the Triple Crown of Acting, having won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 2007, after two previous nominations, for her performance as Queen Elizabeth II in \"The Queen\". She received an Olivier Award for Best Actress in 2013 for her West End performance in \"The Audience\", in which she also portrayed Elizabeth II, and in 2015 she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her Broadway performance in the play. \"The Audience\" was written by Peter Morgan, who also wrote \"The Queen\". Mirren won three consecutive BAFTA Awards for Best Actress between 1992 and 1994 and her first of several Emmy Awards in 1996 for her performance as police detective Jane Tennison on the British television series \"Prime Suspect\", which ran for seven seasons between 1991 and 2006.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a845b2d5542996488c2e520", "question_text": "Back Up n da Chevy was an album by the rap group from what city?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Atlanta, Georgia"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Back Up n da Chevy", "paragraph_text": "Back Up n da Chevy is the second album from rap group Boyz n da Hood, released on October 2, 2007. The album's first single is \"Everybody Know Me\", which was released on iTunes on April 10, 2007. The second single was confirmed to be \"Table Dance\" featuring T-Pain, but it was never released.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "1 Less G n da Hood", "paragraph_text": "1 Less G n Da Hood is the debut studio album by American rapper Blaze Ya Dead Homie. Released on October 16, 2001, the album is his second release on the Psychopathic label, following his self-titled debut EP. \"1 Less G n Da Hood\" was produced by Twiztid, Mike Puwal, Fritz the Cat, and Violent J, and features appearances by guests Anybody Killa, Monoxide Child, Violent J, Jamie Madrox, and Shaggy 2 Dope.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gorilla Zoe", "paragraph_text": "Alonzo Mathis, better known by his stage name Gorilla Zoe ( ) is an American rapper. He is a former artist with Trustnobody Ent. Under Tavares \"Buck\" Thomas. He subsequently became a member of rap group Boyz N Da Hood. His solo debut album \"Welcome to the Zoo\" ghost written by Ernest Gibbs. came out in 2007. His next two albums, \"Don't Feed Da Animals\" and \"King Kong\" were released in 2009 and 2011. In 2015, he released two mix tapes: Recovery and Raised in the Jungle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Boyz n da Hood (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "Boyz n da Hood is an American Southern gangsta rap group.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Boyz n da Hood (album)", "paragraph_text": "Boyz N Da Hood is the debut album by hip hop group Boyz N Da Hood released on June 21, 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Boyz n da Hood", "paragraph_text": "Boyz N Da Hood is an American Southern gangsta rap group from Atlanta, Georgia. They were formerly signed to Sean Combs' Bad Boy Records and consisted of Young Jeezy, Jody Breeze, Gorilla Zoe, Big Gee, . Big Duke They have collaborated several times with fellow Atlanta, Georgia artist and Block Ent labelmate Yung Joc.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Everybody Know Me", "paragraph_text": "\"Everybody Know Me\" is the first single from the Boyz N Da Hood album, Back Up n da Chevy. It was released via iTunes on April 10, 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dem Boyz (Boyz n da Hood song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Dem Boyz\" is the first single from the Boyz n da Hood's debut album \"Boyz n da Hood\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Fila Fresh Crew", "paragraph_text": "The Fila Fresh Crew was a rap group based in Dallas, Texas and consisted of Fresh K, Dr. Rock and The D.O.C. (known as Doc-T at the time). Dr. Rock's association with Dr. Dre during his stint as a DJ for the World Class Wreckin' Cru helped land the Fila Fresh Crew a spot on the \"N.W.A and the Posse\" compilation album in 1987. A year later the trio released minor material through Macola Records even though the group broke up by 1988. Doc-T changed his name to The D.O.C. and became a valuable contributor to the Eazy-E debut album and the newly formed gangsta rap group N.W.A, acting as a writer to many track with Ruthless Records (and later Death Row Records). However The D.O.C. is most remembered for his 1989 debut album \"No One Can Do It Better\" featuring the hit single \"It's Funky Enough\". During the same time, Dr. Rock continued to re-release his former group's works and launched a solo album of his own in 1991 under the pseudonym Fela Fresh Crew.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jeezy", "paragraph_text": "Jay Wayne Jenkins (born September 28, 1977), better known by his stage name Jeezy (formerly Young Jeezy), is an American rapper. In 1998, he launched the label imprint CTE World (then known as Corporate Thugz Entertainment). Aside from his solo career, Jeezy is the \"de facto\" leader of the southern hip hop group United Streets Dopeboyz of America (USDA), and is a former member of the Bad Boy Records' rap group Boyz n da Hood. Jeezy is also known for helping pioneer the hip hop subgenre trap music, alongside fellow Atlanta-based rappers T.I. and Gucci Mane.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a778b345542992a6e59decf", "question_text": "Who was born first, Susan Oliver or W. S. Van Dyke?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Woodbridge Strong Van Dyke II", "W. S. Van Dyke"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The New Dick Van Dyke Show", "paragraph_text": "The New Dick Van Dyke Show is an American sitcom starring Dick Van Dyke that aired on CBS from 1971 to 1974. It was Van Dyke's first return to series television since \"The Dick Van Dyke Show\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Little Jost Van Dyke", "paragraph_text": "Little Jost Van Dyke (colloquially, \"Little Jost\") is one of the British Virgin Islands. It is a small island on the east end of the island of Jost Van Dyke. Like Jost Van Dyke, it takes its name from the Dutch privateer Joost van Dyk. It is the location of the Diamond Cay National Park, which includes the nesting grounds of wild boobies, terns and pelicans.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Barry Van Dyke", "paragraph_text": "Barry Van Dyke (born July 31, 1951) is an American actor and the second son of actor and entertainer Dick Van Dyke as well as the stepson of makeup artist Arlene Silver-Van Dyke and nephew of Jerry Van Dyke. He was best known to audiences as Lieutenant Detective Steve Sloan, a homicide detective and the son of (played by Dick Van Dyke) on \"\". In the show, the characters' relatives were frequently played by real-life family members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Guns of Diablo", "paragraph_text": "Guns of Diablo is a Metrocolor 1965 Western directed by Boris Sagal, starring Charles Bronson, Susan Oliver and Kurt Russell. Charles Bronson is a wagon scout (Linc Murdock), who runs into difficulties when he meets old flame Maria (Susan Oliver), now married to corrupt lawman Rance Macklin (Jan Merlin).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Kelly Jean Van Dyke", "paragraph_text": "Kelly Jean Van Dyke (June 5, 1958\u00a0\u2013 November 17, 1991) was an American actress and adult film performer. She was the daughter of actor Jerry Van Dyke, niece of the actor Dick Van Dyke, and cousin once removed of Shane Van Dyke.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "W. S. Van Dyke", "paragraph_text": "Woodbridge Strong Van Dyke II (March 21, 1889 \u2013 February 5, 1943) was an American film director and writer who made several successful early sound films, including \"Tarzan the Ape Man\" in 1932, \"The Thin Man\" in 1934, \"San Francisco\" in 1936, and six popular musicals with Nelson Eddy and Jeanette MacDonald. He received two Academy Award nominations for Best Director for \"The Thin Man\" and \"San Francisco\", and directed four actors to Oscar nominations: William Powell, Spencer Tracy, Norma Shearer, and Robert Morley. Known as a reliable craftsman who made his films on schedule and under budget, he earned the name \"One Take Woody\" for his quick and efficient style of filming.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Susan Oliver", "paragraph_text": "Susan Oliver (February 13, 1932 \u2013 May 10, 1990) was an American actress, television director and aviator.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "A New Year", "paragraph_text": "\"A New Year\" is a song by American singer Annaleigh Ashford, with Will Van Dyke and Jeff Talbott. The song was written by Van Dyke and Talbott. It was released on iTunes and Van Dyke's website on December 2nd, 2016. \"A New Year\" is an Easy Listening track. In addition to writing music and lyrics, Van Dyke is featured on piano on the single. The track also features Alec Berlin (guitar), Steve Gilewski (bass), Mason Ingram (drums), and Allison Seidner (cello). The song was recorded in New York City and was mixed by Grammy Award Winner Derik Lee, and Ian Kagey. Oscar Zambrano mastered the recording.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Another Time (Andrew's Song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Another Time (Andrew's Song)\" is a song by American singer Annaleigh Ashford and her close friend and music artist, Will Van Dyke. The song was written by Van Dyke and produced by Derik Lee. It was released on iTunes and Van Dyke's website on January 14, 2014. It was written for Van Dyke's fianc\u00e9, casting associate Andrew Femenella, and is featured in Ashford's cabaret show, \"Lost in the Stars\" . \"Another Time (Andrew's Song)\" is an Easy Listening track. In addition to writing music and lyrics, Van Dyke is featured on piano on the single. The track also features Michael Aarons (guitar), Steve Gilewski (bass), Sammy Merendino (drums), Philip Payton (violin/viola), and Allison Seidner (cello). It was recorded at Harlem Parlour Recording, NYC by Derik Lee, who also mixed and mastered the recording.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Joost van Dyk", "paragraph_text": "Joost van Dyk (sometimes spelled Joost van Dyke) was a Dutch privateer (and, reportedly, sometime pirate) who was one of the earliest European settlers in the British Virgin Islands in the seventeenth century, and established the first permanent settlements within the Territory. The islands of Jost Van Dyke and its smaller neighbor Little Jost Van Dyke (\"Little Jost\"), as well as Little Dix Bay on Virgin Gorda island, are named after him.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac4392e5542997ea680ca32", "question_text": "Were Enrique Carreras and Lionel Ngakane both filmakers during the 20th century? ", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Enrique Echeverr\u00eda", "paragraph_text": "Enrique Echeverr\u00eda V\u00e1zquez (19231972) was a Mexican painter, part of the Generaci\u00f3n de la Ruptura and early member of the Sal\u00f3n de la Pl\u00e1stica Mexicana. He was one of a number of painters who broke away from the established painting figurative style in Mexico in the mid 20th century to experiment with abstractionism and other modern movements in painting from Europe. Although his career was followed by other artists and critics, he died in the early 1970s when painters of his generation were only beginning to receive widespread recognition for their work. While meriting two major exhibits at the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City, one just after his death and a retrospective thirty years later in 2003, he and his work are not well known among younger Mexican painters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Manuel Quiroga (violinist)", "paragraph_text": "Manuel Quiroga (15 April 189219 April 1961) was a noted Galician violinist of the early 20th Century, whose career was cut short by a traffic accident in New York in 1937. He was repeatedly billed by music critics as \"the finest successor of Pablo de Sarasate\", and he is sometimes referred to as \"Sarasate's spiritual heir\". Enrique Granados, Eug\u00e8ne Ysa\u00ffe and other composers dedicated compositions to him. The greatest violinists of the time \u2013 Ysa\u00ffe, Fritz Kreisler, George Enescu, Mischa Elman and Jascha Heifetz \u2013 as well as composers such as Igor Stravinsky and Jean Sibelius, held Quiroga's artistry in great regard. Guilhermina Suggia, the Portuguese cellist (and one-time companion of Pablo Casals), described his playing of Tartini's \"Devil's Trill Sonata\" as \"marvellous and flawless\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Enrique Banchs", "paragraph_text": "Enrique Banchs (1888 \u2013 1968) was an Argentine poet. He published all his work in the space of four years at the beginning of the 20th century, then lay dormant until his death. In his four works, \"Las barcas\" (1907), \"El libro de los elogios\" (1908), \"El cascabel del halc\u00f3n\" (1909) and \"La urna\" (1911). Banchs cultivated an ephemeral, classicistic style drawing inspiration from the Siglo de Oro. His final work was composed in sonnets, a form which had already been almost completely abandoned by that time. Banchs published nothing during the final fifty years of his life, but he remained a part of the Argentine literary scene, and a member of the Argentine Academy of Letters. He was friend of Carlos Alberto Leumann.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lionel S. Reiss", "paragraph_text": "Lionel S. Reiss (1894\u20131986) was a Polish-American Jewish painter born in Jaroslaw, Poland, and grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan where he studied commercial art. His family had moved to the United States in 1898 when he was four years old. As immigrants to the United States, Reiss\u2019 parents joined the ranks of other Eastern European Jews who were fleeing their native countries at the start of the 20th century. Lionel Reiss' family settled on New York\u2019s Lower East Side neighborhood and Reiss himself spent the majority of his life in the city. Reiss worked as a commercial artist for newspapers, publishers, and a motion picture company. Eventually he became art director for Paramount Studios and is credited to be the creator of the Leo the Lion logo of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Carreras Cigarette Factory", "paragraph_text": "The Carreras Cigarette Factory is a large art deco building in Camden, London in the United Kingdom. It is noted as a striking example of early 20th Century Egyptian Revival architecture. The building was erected in 1926-28 by the Carreras Tobacco Company owned by the Russian-Jewish inventor and philanthropist Bernhard Baron on the communal garden area of Mornington Crescent, to a design by architects M.E and O.H Collins and A.G Porri. It is 550 feet (168 metres) long, and is mainly white,", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lionel Ngakane", "paragraph_text": "Lionel Ngakane (17 July 1928 \u2013 26 November 2003) was a South African filmmaker and actor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John Darby (Dean of Chester)", "paragraph_text": "John Lionel Darby (20 November 1831 \u2013 5 November 1919) was Dean of Chester in the last decades of the 19th century and the first two of the 20th", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Enrique Grau", "paragraph_text": "Enrique Grau (December 18, 1920 \u2013 April 1, 2004) was a Colombian artist, renowned for his depictions of Amerindian and Afro-Colombian figures. He was a member of the triumvirate of key Colombian artists of the 20th century which included Fernando Botero and Alejandro Obreg\u00f3n.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Conchita Bad\u00eda", "paragraph_text": "Concepci\u00f3 Badia Mill\u00e0s (14 November 1897 \u2013 2 May 1975) (known by her stage name as Conchita Bad\u00eda or Conxita Badia) was a Spanish soprano and pianist. Admired for her spontaneity, expressiveness, and clear diction, she was considered one of the greatest interpreters of 20th century Catalan, Spanish and Latin American art song. She premiered many works in that genre, including those by Enrique Granados, Manuel de Falla, Frederic Mompou, Alberto Ginastera, and Enric Morera, several of which had been specially written for her voice. The main part of the collection of Badia's sound recordings, scores, letters and pictures is preserved in the Biblioteca de Catalunya. In one of the letters, Pablo Casals wrote: \"Everything I've written for a soprano voice has been thinking about you. Therefore, every one is yours.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Enrique Carreras", "paragraph_text": "Enrique Carreras (January 6, 1925 - 29 August 1995) was a Peruvian-born Argentine film director, screenwriter and film producer, and was one of the most prolific film directors in the history of the Cinema of Argentina.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae2d59755429928c42394ec", "question_text": "Who has a wider scope of profession, Hrag Vartanian or Hovsep Pushman?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Hrag Vartanian"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Women's Missionary and Service Commission", "paragraph_text": "The Women's Missionary and Service Commission, previously known as the Women's Missionary and Service Auxiliary and abbreviated WMSC or WMSA, was a women's organization of the \"old\" Mennonite Church that originated out of the Mennonite Sewing Circle movement. Named the WMSC in 1971, there were many precursor organizations and it has since involved into Mennonite Women USA, an organization with a much wider scope.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hrag Vartanian", "paragraph_text": "Hrag Vartanian (Armenian: \u0540\u0580\u0561\u056f \u054e\u0561\u0580\u0564\u0561\u0576\u0565\u0561\u0576 ) is the editor-in-chief and co-founder of the arts blog Hyperallergic. He is a writer, critic and curator.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Vartan Pasha", "paragraph_text": "Vartan Pasha (Armenian: \u054e\u0561\u0580\u0564\u0561\u0576 \u0583\u0561\u0577\u0561 ), (Hovsep Vartanian or Osep Vartanian) (1813 - 1879) was an Ottoman Armenian statesman, author, and journalist of the 19th century, promoted to the rank of \"Pasha\" after three decades in the service of the state. He is also notable for his novel \"Akabi's Story\" (\"Akabi Hikayesi\"), published in 1851 in Turkish written in the Armenian script (a not unusual practice in the 19th century), and for having published the bilingual magazine \"Mecmua-i Havadis\", an important reference in the history of the Turkish written press.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Science Supercourse", "paragraph_text": "Science Supercourse is a free online accessible educational resource currently encompassing more than 165,000 downloadable PowerPoint lectures covering four main areas of science; Public Health, Computer Engineering, Environment and Agriculture. It represents an extension to \"\"Supercourse\"\" initiative which started out at the University of Pittsburgh by scientist Ronald LaPorte in the 80's. It is mirrored at the Library of Alexandria, and networks over 56,000 scientists in 174 countries. Being a useful tool for at least one million students from around the globe, Supercourse has been a well-established starting point which triggered the emergence of the new Science Supercourse in 2008 with a wider scope in terms of content and functionalities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Gerold, Prefect of Bavaria", "paragraph_text": "Gerold (died 799) was an Alamannian nobleman who served the Frankish King, Charlemagne, as Margrave of the Avarian March and Prefect of Bavaria in what is now South-Eastern Germany. Gerold played a significant role in the integration of Bavaria into the Frankish Kingdom during Carolingian expansion in the late 8th, and early 9th centuries. Gerold both aided the continuity of Agilofing rule of Bavaria, as well as took steps to integrate Bavarians into the wider scope of the Frankish Kingdom. Gerold was related both to the Agilofing family, the ruling class of Bavaria, as well as the Carolingian family. The Agilofings had ruled Bavaria since Duke Garibald I in 548. Gerold was born into the Agilofings, and his sister Hildegard was married to Charlemagne in 771. From these familial connections, he was appointed Prefect of Bavaria following the deposition of Duke Tassilo III in 788. Gerold was heralded as a superb military commander, giving rise to his promotion to Prefect as a defender of the eastern border of the Frankish Kingdom. In 799, Gerold is said to have fallen in battle against the Avars, shortly after the same Avars killed his ally, Erich, Duke of Friuli, through treachery.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Slavery in Libya", "paragraph_text": "Slavery in Libya has a long history and a lasting impact on the Libyan culture. It is closely connected with the wider context of slavery in north Africa. Therefore, it is better understood when this wider scope is taken into account.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hovsep Pushman", "paragraph_text": "Hovsep Pushman (Armenian: \u0545\u0578\u057e\u057d\u0567\u0583 \u0553\u0578\u0582\u0577\u0574\u0561\u0576 ; May 9, 1877 \u2013 February 13, 1966) was an American artist of Armenian background. He was known for his contemplative still lifes and sensitive portraits of women, often in exotic dress. He was most closely associated during his lifetime with the Grand Central Art Galleries, which represented him from its opening in 1922 until his death in 1966.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Grand Central Art Galleries", "paragraph_text": "The Grand Central Art Galleries were the exhibition and administrative space of the nonprofit Painters and Sculptors Gallery Association, an artists' cooperative established in 1922 by Walter Leighton Clark together with John Singer Sargent, Edmund Greacen, and others. Artists closely associated with the Grand Central Art Galleries included Hovsep Pushman, George de Forest Brush, and especially Sargent, whose posthumous show took place there in 1928.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hyperallergic", "paragraph_text": "Hyperallergic is a Brooklyn-based arts blogazine. Founded by the art critic Hrag Vartanian and his husband Veken Gueyikian in October 2009,", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Music for Dogs", "paragraph_text": "Music for Dogs is the third studio album by American indie rock band Gardens & Villa. Released on 21 August 2015 by independent record label Secretly Canadian. The album was orchestrated with the help of visionary producer Jacob Portrait of Unknown Mortal Orchestra. The band hoped \"\"Music for Dogs\"\" would maintain a wider scope than some of their other work by making it sound just as much like the futuristic music of tomorrow as it does the classic tunes of '76", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a877dd65542993e715abf79", "question_text": "Were Halld\u00f3r Laxness and Timothy Leary from the same country?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Halld\u00f3r Laxness", "paragraph_text": "Halld\u00f3r Kiljan Laxness (] ; born Halld\u00f3r Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson; 23 April 1902 \u2013 8 February 1998) was a twentieth-century Icelandic writer. Laxness wrote poetry, newspaper articles, plays, travelogues, short stories, and novels. Major influences included August Strindberg, Sigmund Freud, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway. In 1955 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature; he is the only Icelandic Nobel laureate.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Timothy Leary", "paragraph_text": "Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 \u2013 May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and writer known for advocating the exploration of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs under controlled conditions. Leary conducted experiments under the Harvard Psilocybin Project during American legality of LSD and psilocybin, resulting in the Concord Prison Experiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment. Leary's colleague, Richard Alpert (Ram Dass), was fired from Harvard University on May 27, 1963 for giving psilocybin to an undergraduate student. Leary was planning to leave Harvard when his teaching contract expired in June, the following month. He was fired, for \"failure to keep classroom appointments\", with his pay docked on April 30. National illumination as to the effects of psychedelics did not occur until after the Harvard scandal.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of Icelandic films", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of notable films produced in Iceland by Icelanders. Star marked films are films in coproduction with Iceland. Although Arne Mattsson is Swedish, his film is included because it is based on a book by the Icelandic Nobel Prize-winning author Halld\u00f3r Laxness.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Memoir of Halld\u00f3r Laxness", "paragraph_text": "Memoir of Halld\u00f3r Laxness was published in Iceland from 2003. It is the memoir of novelist and Nobel Laureate, Halld\u00f3r Laxnessf> and is in three volumes:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Independent People", "paragraph_text": "Independent People (Icelandic: \"Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt f\u00f3lk\" ) is an epic novel by Nobel laureate Halld\u00f3r Laxness, originally published in two volumes in 1934 and 1935; literally the title means \"Self-standing [i.e. self-reliant] folk\". It deals with the struggle of poor Icelandic farmers in the early 20th century, only freed from debt bondage in the last generation, and surviving on isolated crofts in an inhospitable landscape.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gu\u00f0n\u00fd Halld\u00f3rsd\u00f3ttir", "paragraph_text": "Gu\u00f0n\u00fd Halld\u00f3rsd\u00f3ttir (born 23 January 1954) is an Icelandic film director and screenwriter. She has directed eight films since 1984. Her 2007 film \"The Quiet Storm\" was entered into the 30th Moscow International Film Festival. Her father was writer and 1955 Nobel prize winner Halld\u00f3r Laxness, while her mother was writer and textile designer Au\u00f0ur Laxness.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Halld\u00f3r Laxness (album)", "paragraph_text": "\"For the Nobel Prize\u2013winning Icelandic author, see Halld\u00f3r Laxness\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Fish Can Sing", "paragraph_text": "The Fish Can Sing (Icelandic: \"Brekkukotsann\u00e1ll\" ) is a 1957 novel by Icelandic author Halld\u00f3r Laxness, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1955.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Einar Arn\u00f3rsson", "paragraph_text": "Einar Arn\u00f3rsson (24 February 1880 \u2013 29 March 1955) was Minister for Iceland from 4 May 1915 to 4 January 1917. Einar graduated in Law from the University of Copenhagen in 1906. He was elected to Althingi and sat there in 1914\u20131919 and 1931\u20131932 for the Independence party. He was Minister of Education and Justice in Bj\u00f6rn \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson's cabinet from 1942 to 1944. He was professor of Law at the University of Iceland from 1911 to 1915 and again after leaving office as Minister for Iceland from 1917 to 1922. He was a Supreme Court Judge in 1932\u20131942 and again in 1944\u20131945. He was president of the University of Iceland in 1918\u20131919 and 1929\u20131930. For a short time he was father-in-law to Halld\u00f3r Laxness. He was editor of \"\u00cdsafold\" and \"Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0\" in 1919\u20131920.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Au\u00f0ur Laxness", "paragraph_text": "Au\u00f0ur Sveinsd\u00f3ttir Laxness (1918-2012) was an Icelandic writer and craftswoman, credited with influencing the design and popularity of the Icelandic Lopapeysa sweater during the mid-20th century. Her husband was Icelandic Nobel Literature laureate Halld\u00f3r Laxness, and Au\u00f0ur worked as his secretary and writing collaborator for many years.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8c758d5542995e66a475ff", "question_text": "What netflix series, produced by Joe Swanberg, had an actress  best known for her role as Vanessa on \"Atlanta\"?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Easy"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Elizabeth Norment", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Larrabee Norment (December 31, 1952 \u2013 October 13, 2014) was an American actress best known for her role as Nancy Kaufberger in the Netflix series \"House of Cards\". She attended Yale University, and had performed in several theater roles before moving into television.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jon Bernthal", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Edward \"Jon\" Bernthal (born September 20, 1976) is an American actor best known for his television role as Shane Walsh on the AMC series \"The Walking Dead\" and film roles in \"The Wolf of Wall Street\" (2013), \"Fury\" (2014), \"Sicario\" (2015), \"The Accountant\" (2016), \"Baby Driver\" (2017), & \"Wind River\" (2017). He portrayed LAPD Detective Joe Teague in \"Mob City\" and Frank Castle (a.k.a. The Punisher) in the Netflix series \"Daredevil\", and is set to reprise the latter role in the Netflix series \"The Punisher\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Natasha Lyonne", "paragraph_text": "Natasha Bianca Lyonne Braunstein (born April 4, 1979), better known as Natasha Lyonne, is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Jessica in the \"American Pie\" film series. Her other films include \"Everyone Says I Love You,\" \"Slums of Beverly Hills,\" and \"But I'm a Cheerleader\". She portrays Nicky Nichols in the Netflix series \"Orange Is the New Black,\" for which she received a nomination for the 2014 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ti West", "paragraph_text": "Ti West (born October 5, 1980) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, editor, cinematographer, and occasional actor, best known for his work in horror films. He directed the horror films \"The Roost\" (2005), \"The House of the Devil\" (2009), \"The Innkeepers\" (2011), \"The Sacrament\" (2013), and the Western \"In a Valley of Violence\" (2016). He has also acted in a number of films, mostly in those directed by either himself or Joe Swanberg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "\u00c9lodie Yung", "paragraph_text": "\u00c9lodie Yung (] ; born February 22, 1981) is a French television and film actress. She is best known for her role as Elektra Natchios in the second season of the Marvel Cinematic Universe Netflix series \"Daredevil\" and the Netflix miniseries \"The Defenders.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Zazie Beetz", "paragraph_text": "Zazie Beetz (born 1991) is a German-born, American actress best known for the role of Vanessa on \"Atlanta\". In 2016, she also appeared in the Netflix anthology series \"Easy\". Beetz has been cast as the Marvel Comics character Neena Thurman / Domino in \"Deadpool 2\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Will Arnett", "paragraph_text": "William Emerson Arnett ( ; born May 4, 1970) is a Canadian-American actor, voice actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as George Oscar \"Gob\" Bluth II in the Fox/Netflix series \"Arrested Development\" (2003\u20132006, 2013, 2018); as well as his titular role as BoJack Horseman in the Netflix Original Series of the same name (2014-present). He has appeared in films such as \"Blades of Glory\" (2007), \"Hot Rod\" (2007) and \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" (2014).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Vanessa Kirby", "paragraph_text": "Vanessa Kirby (born 18 April 1988) is an English stage, TV and film actress. She starred as Estella in the BBC adaptation of \"Great Expectations\" in 2011, as Joanna in Richard Curtis' romantic comedy \"About Time\" in 2013, and currently portrays Princess Margaret in Peter Morgan's Netflix series \"The Crown\", for which she has been nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress. She is known mostly for her stage work; \" Variety\" in 2016 called her \"the outstanding stage actress of her generation, capable of the most unexpected choices\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Kris Williams (filmmaker)", "paragraph_text": "Kristin Williams Swanberg (born November 11, 1980) is an American businesswoman, filmmaker, actress and former high school teacher living in Chicago, Illinois. She is best known for her work with her husband, Joe Swanberg, on the independent digital feature film \"Kissing on the Mouth\" (2005), in which she starred as Laura, and on the Nerve.com web series, \"Young American Bodies\", in which she stars as Dia. Her personal projects include the short documentary \"Bathwater\" (2006) and the Nerve.com documentary web series \"Boys and Girls\". In 2005, she coordinated The Future Filmmakers Festival, which showcases work from filmmakers under the age of 21. She is credited variously as both Kris Williams and Kris Swanberg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Easy (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Easy is a comedy-drama anthology series written, directed, edited and produced by Joe Swanberg. It consists of eight half-hour episodes. The series is set in Chicago. The first season was released on Netflix on September 22, 2016.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a85b2ac5542991dd0999e90", "question_text": "Brad Budde played professionally for a team in the NFL that was founded in 1960 as the Dallas Texans by who?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Lamar Hunt"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kansas City Chiefs", "paragraph_text": "The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Chiefs compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. The team was founded in 1960 as the Dallas Texans by businessman Lamar Hunt and was a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) (they are not associated with an earlier Dallas Texans NFL team that only played for one season in 1952). In 1963, the team relocated to Kansas City and assumed their current name. The Chiefs joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970. The team is valued at just under $1 billion.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Brad Budde", "paragraph_text": "Brad Edward Budde (born May 9, 1958) is a former American college and professional football player who was an offensive guard in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons during the 1980s. Budde played college football for the University of Southern California (USC), and was an All-American and the winner of the Lombardi Award. He was a first-round pick in the 1980 NFL Draft, and played professionally for the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Dallas Texans (NFL)", "paragraph_text": "The Dallas Texans played in the National Football League (NFL) for one season, 1952, with a record of 1\u201311. The team is considered one of the worst teams in NFL history, both on (lowest franchise winning percentage) and off the field. The team was based first in Dallas, then Hershey, Pennsylvania, and Akron, Ohio, during its only season. The Texans were the last NFL team to fold. Many players on the 1952 roster went to the new Baltimore Colts franchise in 1953. The American Football League (AFL) had a 1960 charter member named the Dallas Texans (who later became the Kansas City Chiefs), but the AFL Texans have no relationship with the earlier NFL team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Cotton Davidson", "paragraph_text": "Francis Marion \"Cotton\" Davidson (born November 30, 1931) is a former American football quarterback. Davidson attended Baylor University, and played professionally for the National Football League's Baltimore Colts (1954, 1957), and the American Football League's Dallas Texans (1960\u20131962) and Oakland Raiders (1962\u20131968). Davidson also played quarterback for the Fort Bliss Falcons in 1955 to 1957. A game between the Fort Bliss Falcons and the Fort Sill, Oklahoma Cannoneers was played for a trophy called \"The Little Brown Dud.\" The Cannoneers won the game and took home the Little Brown Dud. Cotton was awarded ALL ARMY QUARTERBACK in 1955.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "History of the Kansas City Chiefs", "paragraph_text": "The following is a detailed history of the Kansas City Chiefs, a professional American football franchise that began play in 1960 as the Dallas Texans. The team was a charter member of the American Football League (AFL), and now is currently part of the National Football League (NFL) (they are not associated with an earlier Dallas Texans NFL team that only played for one season in 1952).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Charley Diamond", "paragraph_text": "Charles John Diamond (born July 19, 1936) is a former American football tackle who played four seasons in the American Football League (AFL) with the Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs. He played college football at the University of Miami and attended Archbishop Curley-Notre Dame High School in Buena Vista, Miami, Florida. Davis was also a member of the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League. He was a member of the Dallas Texans team that won the 1962 AFL championship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ted Greene (American football)", "paragraph_text": "Theodore William Greene (January 25, 1932 \u2013 April 16, 1982) was an American football linebacker who played three seasons in the American Football League (AFL) with the Dallas Texans. Greene played college football at the University of Tampa. He was a member of the Dallas Texans team that won the 1962 AFL championship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Frank Jackson (American football)", "paragraph_text": "Frank Hardin Jackson (born April 14, 1939) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at Southern Methodist University (SMU) and professionally with the American Football League's Dallas Texans, the Kansas City Chiefs, and the Miami Dolphins. As a halfback, he scored four TDs (two rushing, two receiving) for the Texans in a 49\u201321 victory over the Denver Broncos in 1961. As a wide receiver, in 1964 he caught four touchdown passes from Len Dawson in a 49\u20136 Chiefs defeat of the San Diego Chargers. That tied the pro football record at the time. He was an American Football League All-Star in 1965. He played on the Texans' 1962 AFL Championship team, winning the longest pro football game ever played up to that time in the AFL Championship game against the two-time defending AFL Champion Houston Oilers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "1960 NFL expansion draft", "paragraph_text": "The 1960 NFL expansion draft was the first National Football League (NFL) draft in which a new expansion team, named the Dallas Rangers, selected its initial players. The NFL awarded Dallas, Texas a franchise to compete for revenue with Lamar Hunt's Dallas Texans of the upstart American Football League. The Dallas expansion franchise was approved too late for it to participate in the 1960 NFL draft which had been held on November 30, 1959. Dallas is the only NFL expansion team to not have had the benefit of a college draft in its first year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Johnny Stark (soccer)", "paragraph_text": "Johnny Stark (born May 29, 1972) is a Canadian-American soccer forward who spent most of career with indoor soccer teams. He currently coaches with the Dallas Texans youth club.cHe played for the Dallas Sidekicks.Stark (born May 29, 1972 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) was a Canadian-American soccer forward who spent most of career with indoor soccer teams. Stark currently coaches with the Dallas Texans youth club.On April 23, 1993, the Dallas Sidekicks of the Continental Indoor Soccer League selected Stark in the first round (fifth overall) of the CISL Supplemental Draft. The team moved to Fort Worth in the spring of 1990 where it spent a single season as the North Texas United. Although born in Canada, Stark grew up in Texas, graduating in 1990 from Sam Houston High School. 1988, he began playing for the Addison Arrows in the Southwest Independent Soccer League (SISL) during the league\u2019s first outdoor season. At the time, he was the youngest player in the league at age 16. On April 23, 1993, the Dallas Sidekicks of the Continental Indoor Soccer League selected Stark in the first round (fifth overall) of the CISL Supplemental Draft. He played two seasons in Dallas before being traded to the Houston Hotshots on August 15, 1994. After retiring from playing, Stark entered coaching, currently working for the Dallas Texans.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8a58f355429930ff3c0da3", "question_text": "Were Daniel Mann and Todd Solondz both directors?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Fear, Anxiety &amp; Depression", "paragraph_text": "Fear, Anxiety & Depression is a 1989 American comedy film written and directed by Todd Solondz and starring Solondz, Stanley Tucci and Jill Wisoff.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Life During Wartime (film)", "paragraph_text": "Life During Wartime is a 2009 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Todd Solondz, which premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival. It is a direct, but loose sequel to his 1998 film \"Happiness\", with new actors playing the same characters. It stars Allison Janney, Shirley Henderson, and Ciar\u00e1n Hinds, among others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jason Kliot", "paragraph_text": "Jason Kliot (born 1963) is an American independent film producer based in New York. Kliot emerged with the American indie wave of the 1990s, producing alongside his wife and business partner Joana Vicente. In 1995 Kliot and Vicente associate produced Todd Solondz's feature debut, \"Welcome to the Dollhouse\", which won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize. Kliot and Vicente have since worked with directors such as Steven Soderbergh, Brian De Palma, Hal Hartley, Nicole Holofcener, Jim Jarmusch, and Alex Gibney.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "James Chinlund", "paragraph_text": "James Chinlund (born March 17, 1971) was born and raised in New York City. He studied Fine Art at CalArts in Los Angeles, with a focus on sculpture and large scale installation work. After graduating, Chinlund returned to New York and started his career in film, first as a carpenter, before finding opportunities as a Production Designer on music videos and independent films. During this period he first worked with frequent collaborator Darren Aronofsky (\"Requiem for a Dream\", \"The Fountain\") in addition to other directors in the New York independent film world including: Todd Solondz (\"Storytelling\"), Paul Schrader (\"Auto Focus\") and Spike Lee (\"25th Hour\"). Over the years James has been active in the worlds of commercials and fashion as well. Collaborators include: Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin, Rupert Sanders, Spike Jonze, Fredrik Bond, Lance Acord, Gus Van Sant and Harmony Korine. In 2010 he won both the Art Directors Guild and the AICP awards for \"Absolut World\", a commercial collaboration with director Rupert Sanders. After a short break from features to care for his young daughter, Chinlund returned to the feature world in 2012 to work on \"The Avengers\" for Marvel which set a record for the highest grossing opening weekend of all time. In 2015 he was nominated for an Art Director\u2019s Guild Award and the Saturn Award for his work on the Fox film \"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes\" directed by Matt Reeves. Most recently James has completed work on the next film in the Apes series \"War for the Planet of the Apes\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Edward Lachman", "paragraph_text": "Edward Lachman, A.S.C. (born March 31, 1948) is an American cinematographer and director. Lachman is mostly associated with the American independent film movement, and has served as director of photography on films by Todd Haynes (including \"Far From Heaven\" in 2002, which earned Lachman an Academy Award nomination), Ulrich Seidl, Wim Wenders, Steven Soderbergh and Paul Schrader. His other work includes Werner Herzog's \"La Soufri\u00e8re\" (1977), \"Desperately Seeking Susan\" (1985), Sofia Coppola's directorial debut, \"The Virgin Suicides\" (1999), Robert Altman's last picture \"A Prairie Home Companion\" (2006), and Todd Solondz's \"Life During Wartime\" (2009). He is a member of the American Society of Cinematographers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Daniel Mann", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Mann, also known as Daniel Chugerman (August 8, 1912 \u2013 November 21, 1991), was an American film and television director.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Wiener-Dog (film)", "paragraph_text": "Wiener-Dog is a 2016 American dark comedy-drama film directed and written by Todd Solondz. Starring an ensemble cast led by Ellen Burstyn, Kieran Culkin, Julie Delpy, Danny DeVito, Greta Gerwig, Tracy Letts, and Zosia Mamet, the film serves as a spin-off from Solondz's 1995 film \"Welcome to the Dollhouse\", which also features the character of Dawn Wiener.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Storytelling (Belle and Sebastian album)", "paragraph_text": "Storytelling is a soundtrack by Scottish indie pop band Belle and Sebastian. It is the score to the Todd Solondz movie \"Storytelling\". Belle and Sebastian experienced many problems in communication with Solondz while scoring the film, and as such only about six minutes of their music was actually used in the movie . The album contains five tracks that are recorded dialogues. The instrumental track \"Fuck This Shit\" uses the prosody of the title phrase in a number of different keys but never the words themselves. It was the band's final release on Jeepster, as they went on to sign a deal with Rough Trade the following year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Palindromes (film)", "paragraph_text": "Palindromes is a 2004 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Todd Solondz. It references Solondz's 1995 film, \"Welcome to the Dollhouse\". It competed for the Golden Lion award at the 61st Venice International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Todd Solondz", "paragraph_text": "Todd Solondz (born October 15, 1959) is an American independent film screenwriter and director known for his style of dark, thought-provoking, socially conscious satire. Solondz has been critically acclaimed for his examination of the \"dark underbelly of middle class American suburbia,\" a reflection of his own background in New Jersey. His work includes \"Welcome to the Dollhouse\" (1995), \"Happiness\" (1998), \"Storytelling\" (2001), \"Palindromes\" (2004), \"Life During Wartime\" (2009), \"Dark Horse\" (2011), and \"Wiener-Dog (2016).", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abe36745542991f66106101", "question_text": "What was the arena, in which the 2017 Brit Awards were held, called during the 2012 Olympics ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["North Greenwich Arena"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Brit Awards", "paragraph_text": "The Brit Awards (sometimes stylised as the BRIT Awards; often simply called the Brits) are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. The name was originally a shortened form of \"British\", \"Britain\" or \"Britannia\" (in the early days the awards were sponsored by Britannia Music Club), but subsequently became a backronym for British Record Industry Trusts Show. In addition, an equivalent awards ceremony for classical music, called the Classic Brit Awards, is held each May. Robbie Williams holds the record for the most Brit Awards, 13 as a solo artist and another five as part of Take That.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The O2 Arena", "paragraph_text": "The O2 Arena (temporarily the sponsor-neutral \"North Greenwich Arena\", during the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics), is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in the centre of The O2 entertainment complex on the Greenwich Peninsula in south-east London. The arena was built under the former Millennium Dome, a large dome-shaped building built to house an exhibition celebrating the turn of the third millennium; as the dome-shaped structure still stands over the arena, \"The Dome\" remains a name in common usage for the venue. The arena, as well as the total O2 complex, is named after its primary sponsor, the telecommunications company O.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Electric (music producers)", "paragraph_text": "Electric is a Norwegian songwriting and production duo, composed of Henrik Barman Michelsen and Edvard F\u00f8rre Erfjord. Perhaps best known for their work with Little Mix on their #1 UK hits Black Magic and Shout Out to My Ex, the latter of which won Single of the Year at the 2017 Brit Awards, they have worked with artists such as Olly Murs, Machine Gun Kelly, Hailee Steinfeld, The Wanted, Cheryl Cole, and Fifth Harmony.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "2009 Brit Awards", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 Brit Awards ceremony took place on Wednesday 18 February 2009. It was the 29th edition of the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. The awards ceremony was held at Earls Court in London, and was broadcast live on ITV on 18 February at 8pm (GMT). Duffy became the first female artist to ever win three awards in the same year, and only Blur, in 1995, have ever won more awards at a single ceremony. The show was advertised as live by ITV but the broadcast included several audio deletions which means the show was shown on a time delay system. The 2009 Brit Awards ceremony was watched by 5.49 million people and was the 32nd most watched programme on TV on the week ending 22 February.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Laura Marling", "paragraph_text": "Laura Beatrice Marling (born 1 February 1990) is a British folk singer-songwriter and musician from Eversley, Hampshire. Her debut album \"Alas, I Cannot Swim\", her second album \"I Speak Because I Can\", and her fourth album \"Once I Was an Eagle\" were each nominated for the Mercury Music Prize in 2008, 2010, and 2013, respectively. She won the Brit Award for Best British Female Solo Artist at the 2011 Brit Awards, and was nominated for the same award at the 2012, 2014 and 2016 Brit Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Classic Brit Awards", "paragraph_text": "The Classic BRIT Awards (previously Classical BRIT Awards) are an annual awards ceremony held in the United Kingdom covering aspects of classical and crossover music, and are the equivalent of pop music's Brit Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Rag'n'Bone Man", "paragraph_text": "Rory Charles Graham (born 29 January 1985), better known as Rag'n'Bone Man, is an English singer-songwriter. His first hit single \"Human\" was released in 2016 and his debut album, also named \"Human\", was released in February 2017. At the 2017 Brit Awards he was named British Breakthrough Act and also received the Critics' Choice Award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2018 Brit Awards", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Brit Awards will be held on 21 February 2018. It will be the 38th edition of the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. The awards ceremony will be held at The O2 in London and will be presented by Michael Bubl\u00e9, who had to pull out of hosting at the previous Brit Awards due to his son having cancer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Glory Days (Little Mix album)", "paragraph_text": "Glory Days is the fourth studio album by British girl group Little Mix. It was released on 18 November 2016, by Syco Music and Columbia Records. The album was preceded by the UK number-one single \"Shout Out to My Ex\", released a month before. The single later won the Best British Single award at 2017 BRIT Awards. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart; it later became their first album to yield more than two top ten singles when the fourth single, \"Power\", reached number six on the UK Singles Chart. The album has sold over 600,000 copies in the U.K and over 1 million copies worlwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "2017 Brit Awards", "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Brit Awards was held on 22 February 2017 and was the 37th edition of the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. The awards ceremony were held at The O2 Arena in London. Emma Willis hosted \"The Brits Are Coming\", the launch show to reveal this year's nominees which was broadcast live for the first time, on 14 January 2017. Robbie Williams was given the Brits Icon Award the previous November during a special concert held in his honour at Troxy in London. Architect Zaha Hadid designed the Brit Award statuette that was to be given to the winners.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae198bf5542997b2ef7d20d", "question_text": "Were Chad Gray and Dickie Peterson both singers?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hellyeah", "paragraph_text": "Hellyeah is an American heavy metal supergroup, consisting of Mudvayne vocalist Chad Gray, former Nothingface guitarist Tom Maxwell, bass player Kyle Sanders, guitarist Christian Brady and former Pantera and Damageplan drummer Vinnie Paul. The idea to form a supergroup originated in 2000 on the Tattoo the Earth tour, although plans were constantly put on hold due to scheduling conflicts. The summer of 2006 allowed the band to take the project seriously and record its first album. Recorded at Chasin' Jason studio in Dimebag Darrell's backyard, a self-titled album was completed in roughly one month. Released on April 10, 2007, the album entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number 9, selling 45,000 copies. AllMusic reviewer William Ruhlmann stated the album is \"a competent example of its genre\" awarding the album three and a half stars.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "By the People, for the People", "paragraph_text": "By the People, for the People is a compilation album by American heavy metal band Mudvayne. It was released on November 27, 2007 by Epic Records. The album features a track listing chosen entirely by the band's fans, with the band determining which version appears on the record (e.g. live, demo, acoustic), as well as two new songs, \"Dull Boy\" and a cover of The Police's song \"King of Pain\" (both produced by Dave Fortman). If the album was pre-ordered through the Sony Music Store, it was packaged with a free lithograph of the lyrics to \"Dull Boy\", signed and numbered by Mudvayne vocalist Chad Gray. If it was ordered after the disc was released, the lithograph was shipped approximately three weeks later and was neither signed nor numbered.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Beast Is Back", "paragraph_text": "The Beast Is Back is the seventh album by a newly reformed Blue Cheer, 13 years after their previous album, \"Oh! Pleasant Hope\" (1971). It contains re-recorded versions of some of the band's most popular songs from their late-1960s heyday as well as new material. The album features founding members Dickie Peterson and Paul Whaley. Original guitarist Leigh Stephens did not participate in the reunion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Thank You (Hellyeah song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Thank You\" is the third single by heavy metal band Hellyeah from their debut album \"Hellyeah\". The song is a tribute to all of the band's recently departed family members: Vinnie Paul's brother Dimebag Darrell, Tom Maxwell's mother, and Chad Gray's grandmother. The song reached #37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Chad Gray", "paragraph_text": "Chad Gray (born October 16, 1971), is the lead vocalist for the groove metal supergroup Hellyeah and former lead vocalist for American heavy metal band Mudvayne.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Miracle (Nonpoint song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Miracle\" is a song by the band Nonpoint, released as the first single from their sixth studio album, \"Miracle\". The song was released to alternative and active rock radio stations on February 15, 2010. It was also made available for download on iTunes and other online music retailers on March 30. It features Chad Gray of Mudvayne fame contributing vocals during the song's chorus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Miracle (Nonpoint album)", "paragraph_text": "Miracle is the sixth studio album by American hard rock/metal band Nonpoint. The album's title track serves as its first single. This is the only Nonpoint album to feature guitarist Zach Broderick, who joined the band in late 2008 following the departure of original member Andrew Goldman. The album was recorded in Racine, WI and was produced by Mudvayne singer Chad Gray and guitarist Greg Tribbett.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Oh! Pleasant Hope", "paragraph_text": "Oh! Pleasant Hope is the sixth, and last, album by Blue Cheer until 1983's \"The Beast Is Back\". It features less psychedelia and hard rock and includes more folk rock elements. This is an unusual Blue Cheer album in that Dickie Peterson only sings lead on three songs. Another unusual aspect is that the song \"I'm the Light\" features extensive use of the sitar and synthesizer, although on the previous album \"The Original Human Being\" the song \"Babaji (Twilight Raga)\" also featured extensive use of the aforementioned instruments.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Paul Whaley", "paragraph_text": "Paul Whaley (born January 14, 1946) is an American drummer best known as the drummer for rock band Blue Cheer. He was the son of country music singer Paul Whaley Sr. He grew up in the towns of Vallejo and Winters California. He played drums with a Davis, California band called the Oxford Circle. Whaley is credited on the Oxford Circle album \"Live at the Avalon 1966\". When he left the Oxford Circle to join Blue Cheer in 1967, the former band dissolved. He was the longest-standing member in Blue Cheer other than founder Dickie Peterson in the band when it broke up in late 2009, following Peterson's death at age 63.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Dickie Peterson", "paragraph_text": "Richard Allan Peterson (September 12, 1946 \u2013 October 12, 2009) was an American musician, best known as the bassist and lead singer for Blue Cheer. He also recorded two solo albums: \"Child of the Darkness\" and \"Tramp\".", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae09ec055429924de1b7116", "question_text": "Which of the steering committee was an American broadcast journalist, best known as anchorman for the \"CBS Evening News\" for 19 years?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Walter Cronkite"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "CBS Evening News", "paragraph_text": "CBS Evening News is the flagship evening television news program of CBS News, the news division of the CBS television network in the United States. The program has been broadcast since May 3, 1948 under the original title \"CBS Television News\", eventually adopting its current title in 1963. Since June 19, 2017, the program is anchored by Anthony Mason on an interim basis. Previous anchors have included Douglas Edwards, Walter Cronkite, Dan Rather, Connie Chung, Bob Schieffer, Katie Couric and Scott Pelley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press", "paragraph_text": "The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press (RCFP) is an American nonprofit organization, founded in 1970, that provides free legal assistance to and on behalf of journalists. Its offices are located in Washington, D.C., and the executive committee is chaired by David Bordman. The steering committee includes Wolf Blitzer, Tony Mauro, Andrea Mitchell, and Judy Woodruff; Walter Cronkite was an active member from 1973 until his death in 2009. The organization publishes a quarterly magazine, \"The News Media and The Law\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Sanford Socolow", "paragraph_text": "Sanford Socolow (November 11, 1928 \u2013 January 31, 2015) was an American broadcast journalist who worked at CBS News from 1956 to 1988. He was executive producer of \"The CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite\" from 1978 to 1981.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mar\u00eda Elena Salinas", "paragraph_text": "Mar\u00eda Elena Salinas is an American broadcast journalist, news anchor, and author. Called the \"Voice of Hispanic America\" by \"The New York Times\", Salinas is one of the most recognized Hispanic female journalists in the United States. She is the co-anchor of \"Noticiero Univision,\" the primary evening news broadcast on Univision, and the co-host of the news magazine program \"Aqu\u00ed y Ahora\" (\"Here and Now\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Randall Pinkston", "paragraph_text": "Randall Pinkston was a correspondent/anchor for Al Jazeera America. Previously he was with CBS News. After a stint as a White House Correspondent in CBS's Washington Bureau, Pinkston became a general assignment reporter, contributing to CBS broadcasts, including CBS Evening News, Morning News, Weekend News, CBS News Sunday Morning and 48 Hours. Pinkston also contributed to the CBS Reports documentary, Legacy of Shame with Correspondent Dan Rather. Pinkston has filled in as anchor on the CBS Evening News-Weekend Edition, Up to the Minute and CBS Morning News.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Roger Mudd", "paragraph_text": "Roger Harrison Mudd (born February 9, 1928) is an American broadcast journalist, most recently working as the primary anchor for The History Channel. Previously, Mudd was weekend and weekday substitute anchor for the \"CBS Evening News\", the co-anchor of the weekday \"NBC Nightly News\", and the host of the NBC-TV \"Meet the Press,\" and \"American Almanac\" TV programs. Mudd is the winner of the Peabody Award, the Joan Shorenstein Award for Distinguished Washington Reporting, and five Emmy Awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Walter Cronkite", "paragraph_text": "Walter Leland Cronkite Jr. (November 4, 1916\u00a0\u2013 July 17, 2009) was an American broadcast journalist, best known as anchorman for the \"CBS Evening News\" for 19 years (1962\u20131981). During the heyday of CBS News in the 1960s and 1970s, he was often cited as \"the most trusted man in America\" after being so named in an opinion poll.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dan Rather", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Irvin Rather Jr. (born October 31, 1931) is an American journalist and the former news anchor for the \"CBS Evening News.\" He was most recently managing editor and anchor of the television news magazine \"Dan Rather Reports\" on the cable channel AXS TV. Rather was anchor of the \"CBS Evening News\" for 24 years, from March 9, 1981, to March 9, 2005. He also contributed to CBS's \"60 Minutes\". Rather became embroiled in controversy about a disputed news report involving President George W. Bush's Vietnam-era service in the National Guard and subsequently left \"CBS Evening News\" in 2005, and he left the network entirely after 44 years in 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Katie Couric", "paragraph_text": "Katherine Anne \"Katie\" Couric ( ; born January 7, 1957) is an American journalist and author. She recently served as Yahoo! Global News Anchor. Couric has been a television host on all Big Three television networks in the United States, and in her early career was an Assignment Editor for CNN. She worked for NBC News from 1989 to 2006, CBS News from 2006 to 2011, and ABC News from 2011 to 2014. In addition to her television news roles, she hosted \"Katie\", a syndicated daytime talk show produced by Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television from September 10, 2012, to June 9, 2014. Some of her most important notable roles include co-host of \"Today\", anchor of the \"CBS Evening News\", and correspondent for \"60 Minutes\". She also reported for nearly every television news broadcast across ABC, CBS and NBC. Couric's first book, \"The Best Advice I Ever Got: Lessons from Extraordinary Lives\", was a \"New York Times\" best-seller. In 2004, Couric earned induction into the Television Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Terry Drinkwater", "paragraph_text": "Terry Drinkwater (May 9, 1936 \u2013 May 31, 1989) was an American television and radio journalist most widely known for his quarter-century career as a correspondent for CBS News. Drinkwater was also an anchorman for the West Coast editions of the \"CBS Evening News\", covering events that occurred after the East Coast version with Walter Cronkite aired.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a81ad9855429903bc27b9a3", "question_text": "When did the 2005 Ladbrokes.com World Darts Championship begin?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the day after Christmas Day"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "2012 PDC World Darts Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 Ladbrokes.com World Darts Championship was the 19th World Championship organised by the Professional Darts Corporation since it separated from the British Darts Organisation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2011 PDC World Darts Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 Ladbrokes.com World Darts Championship was the 18th World Championship organised by the Professional Darts Corporation since it separated from the British Darts Organisation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2010 PDC World Darts Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Ladbrokes.com World Darts Championship was the 17th World Championship organised by the Professional Darts Corporation since it separated from the British Darts Organisation. The event took place at Alexandra Palace in London from 18 December 2009 to 3 January 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "2009 PDC World Darts Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 Ladbrokes.com World Darts Championship was the 16th World Championship organised by the Professional Darts Corporation since it separated from the British Darts Organisation. The event took place at Alexandra Palace in London from 19 December 2008 to 4 January 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2005 PDC World Darts Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2005 Ladbrokes.com World Darts Championship, sponsored by Ladbrokes, was held at the Circus Tavern, Purfleet and started on Boxing Day, 2004. Phil Taylor went on to clinch his 12th World Championship (10 in the PDC, 2 in the BDO) with a 7-4 final victory over Mark Dudbridge.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "2008 PDC World Darts Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 Ladbrokes.com World Darts Championship was the 15th World Championship organised by the Professional Darts Corporation since it separated from the British Darts Organisation. The 2008 event began on December 17, 2007 (a tradition for the event to begin in the previous calendar year) and the final was played on New Year's Day for the second year in succession. There was no play on December 23, 24, 25 or 31.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Boxing Day", "paragraph_text": "Boxing Day is a holiday celebrated the day after Christmas Day. It originated in the United Kingdom, and is celebrated in a number of countries that previously formed part of the British Empire. Boxing Day is on 26 December, although the attached bank holiday or public holiday may take place either on that day or two days later.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2004 PDC World Darts Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2004 Ladbrokes.com World Championship was the 10th anniversary of the PDC version of the World Darts Championship. An extra preliminary round was introduced bringing the total players at the televised stages to 48. Ladbrokes, who sponsored the event initially for one year in 2003, decided to extend their deal and the prize fund was increased to \u00a3256,000. Dutch television station, RTL 5 and Sky Sports both extended their deals with the PDC by three years. PDC chairman Barry Hearn announced that the tournament would be shown in Malaysia on pay-per-view.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2003 PDC World Darts Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2003 Ladbrokes.com World Darts Championship was the tenth World Championship organised by the Professional Darts Corporation since it split from the British Darts Organisation in 1993. Ladbrokes (who sponsored the 1996 event with their Vernon's brand) took over sponsorship of the event from Skol.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "2006 PDC World Darts Championship", "paragraph_text": "The 2006 Ladbrokes.com World Darts Championship was the 13th World Championship organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) since it separated from the British Darts Organisation (BDO). It was held from 19 December 2005 to 2 January 2006 at the Circus Tavern, Purfleet, Essex.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abc6c2655429959677d6aac", "question_text": "In which county does the United States Navy air base located in which  Attack Squadron 174 (VA-174) was based on?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Duval County"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Montijo Air Base", "paragraph_text": "Montijo Air Base (Portuguese: \"Base A\u00e9rea do Montijo\" ) (ICAO: LPMT) - officially known as Air Base No. 6 (\"Base A\u00e9rea n.\u00ba 6\") or BA6 - is a military air base located in Montijo, Portugal. The base is home to three transport squadrons and one helicopter search and rescue squadron and provides logistic support to the Portuguese Navy's helicopters based there.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "VA-42 (U.S. Navy)", "paragraph_text": "Attack Squadron 42 (VA-42) was a United States Navy attack squadron based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia. The squadron was established as Fighter Squadron 42 (VF-42) on 1 September 1950, redesignated as VA-42 on 1 November 1953 and disestablished on 30 September 1994.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Naval Air Station Cecil Field", "paragraph_text": "Naval Air Station Cecil Field or NAS Cecil Field (IATA: NZC,\u00a0ICAO: KNZC,\u00a0FAA LID: NZC) was a United States Navy air base, located in Duval County, Florida. Prior to October 1999, NAS Cecil Field was the largest military base in terms of acreage in the Jacksonville, Florida area.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Second VA-174 (U.S. Navy)", "paragraph_text": "Attack Squadron 174 (VA-174) also known as the \"Hellrazors\" was a United States Navy attack squadron based at Naval Air Station Cecil Field, Florida, and were attached to Light Attack Wing One. The unit has evolved several times throughout its history that dates back to 1944. When it was established in March 1944 the unit was designated VB-81 flying the SB2C Helldiver. It was redesignated VA-13A on 15 November 1946. The unit was redesignated VA-134 on 2 August 1948 flying F-4U Corsairs, and redesignated VF-174 on 15 February 1950. The \"Hellrazors\" received their final designation VA-174 on 1 July 1966 after becoming the first US Navy squadron to receive the A-7A Corsair II. It was the second squadron to bear the VA-174 designation, the first VA-174 was disestablished on 25 January 1950. The squadron was disestablished on 30 June 1988.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "VAQ-137", "paragraph_text": "Electronic Attack Squadron 137 (VAQ-137) also known as the \"Rooks\", is a United States Navy electronic attack squadron based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island Washington, flying the Boeing EA-18G Growler. The squadron is attached to Carrier Air Wing 1 (CVW-1), which is currently assigned to the USS\u00a0\"Theodore Roosevelt\" . Their radio callsign is \"Rook\" and their tailcode is \"AB\" of CVW-1.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans", "paragraph_text": "Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans is a base of the United States military located in Belle Chasse, unincorporated Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. NAS JRB New Orleans is home to a Navy Reserve strike fighter squadron and a fleet logistics support squadron, the 159th Fighter Wing (159 FW) of the Louisiana Air National Guard, Coast Guard Air Station New Orleans, a detachment of a Marine Corps Reserve light helicopter attack squadron, as well as other US Navy & US Army activities. The base has a 24/7 operating schedule to support both the 159 FW's NORAD air sovereignty/homeland defense requirements and for Coast Guard Air Station New Orleans search and rescue/maritime law enforcement/port security missions. It contains a military airport known as Alvin Callender Field (IATA: NBG,\u00a0ICAO: KNBG,\u00a0FAA LID: NBG) which is located three nautical miles (6\u00a0km) south of the central business district of New Orleans. The base's predecessor, NAS New Orleans, occupied the current location of the University of New Orleans's principal campus until 1957.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Osan Air Base", "paragraph_text": "Osan Air Base (K-55; Korean: \uc624\uc0b0\uacf5\uad70\uae30\uc9c0 ; Hanja: \u70cf\u5c71\u7a7a\u8ecd\u57fa\u5730 ), is a United States Air Force base located near Songtan Station in the city of Pyeongtaek, South Korea, 64 km south of Seoul. Despite its name, Osan AB is not within Osan City, which is 7.5 km to the north. The base is the home of the Pacific Air Forces' 51st Fighter Wing, and a number of tenant units, including the headquarters for Seventh Air Force. The base is also the headquarters of the ROK Air Force Operations Command. Osan Air Base is also the departure and arrival point for U.S. government-contracted \"Patriot Express\" flights bringing service members and their family members to South Korea from Seattle-Tacoma International Airport in the U.S. state of Washington, Misawa Air Base and Yokota Air Base in Japan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "VA-44 (U.S. Navy)", "paragraph_text": "Attack Squadron 44 (VA-44) was an attack squadron of the United States Navy. Originally established as Bombing Squadron VB-75 on 1 June 1945 it was redesignated Attack Squadron VA-3B on 15 November 1946, redesignated VA-44 on 1 September 1948 and disestablished on 8 June 1950. A second VA-44 was in service from 1 September 1950 until disestablishment on 1 May 1970.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Second VA-75 (U.S. Navy)", "paragraph_text": "Attack Squadron 75 (VA-75) or ATKRON 75 was an attack squadron of the United States Navy that was active from World War II through the 1990s. Nicknamed the \"Sunday Punchers,\" they were based out of Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia. Originally established as Bombing Squadron EIGHTEEN (VB-18) on July 20, 1943, it was redesignated Attack Squadron VA-7A on 15 November 1946, redesignated Attack Squadron VA-74 on 27 July 1948, redesignated Attack Squadron VA-75 on 15 February 1950 and disestablished on February 28, 1997. They were the second squadron to be designated VA-75, the first VA-75 was disestablished on 30 November 1949. They were the first fleet squadron to operate the A-6 Intruder and the last unit to fly it in operational service.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Second VA-65 (U.S. Navy)", "paragraph_text": "Attack Squadron 65 (VA-65), nicknamed \"The World Famous Fighting Tigers\", was an attack squadron of the United States Navy. The squadron was established as Torpedo Squadron VT-74 in 1945, redesignated as VA-2B in 1946, as VA-25 on 1 September 1948, and finally redesignated VA-65 on 1 July 1959. It was disestablished in 1993. Known as \"The World Famous Fighting Tigers\", VA-65 was one of the last medium attack squadrons to fly the A-6 Intruder and the A-1 Skyraider. It was the second squadron to be designated VA-65, the first VA-65 was redesignated from VA-6B on 27 July 1948 and would be redesignated as VA-25 on 1 July 1959.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8fc3b155429933b8a20454", "question_text": "In recent decades American schools have included much more on ncient times tens of thousands of years ago with the settlement of the Americas by who?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Paleo-Indians"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "History of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate among historians. Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus on October 12, 1492 and emphasize the European background of the colonization of the Americas, or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier. In recent decades American schools and universities typically have shifted back in time to include more on the colonial period and much more on the prehistory of the Native Americans.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Settlement of the Americas", "paragraph_text": "Available scientific evidence indicates that modern humans emerged from Africa over 100,000 years ago, yet did not arrive in the Americas until less than 20,000 years ago. Current understanding of the settlement of the Americas derives from advances in four interrelated disciplines: archaeology, Pleistocene geology, physical anthropology, and DNA analysis. While there is general agreement that the Americas were first settled from Asia, the pattern of migration, its timing, and the place(s) of origin in Asia of the peoples who migrated to the Americas remain unclear. In the 2000s, researchers sought to use familiar tools to validate or reject established theories, such as Clovis first. The archeological evidence suggests that the Paleo-Indians' first dispersal into the Americas occurred near the end of the last glacial period or, more specifically, what is known as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), around 16,500\u201313,000 years ago.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "String (structure)", "paragraph_text": "String is a long flexible structure made from fibers twisted together into a single strand, or from multiple such strands which are in turn twisted together. String is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects. It is also used as a material to make things, such as textiles, and in arts and crafts. String is a simple tool, and its use by humans is known to have been developed tens of thousands of years ago. In Mesoamerica, for example, string was invented some 20,000 to 30,000 years ago, and was made by twisting plant fibers together. String may also be a component in other tools, and in devices as diverse as weapons, musical instruments, and toys.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "History of cryptography", "paragraph_text": "Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers to protect secrets, began thousands of years ago. Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classic cryptography \u2014 that is, of methods of encryption that use pen and paper, or perhaps simple mechanical aids. In the early 20th century, the invention of complex mechanical and electromechanical machines, such as the Enigma rotor machine, provided more sophisticated and efficient means of encryption; and the subsequent introduction of electronics and computing has allowed elaborate schemes of still greater complexity, most of which are entirely unsuited to pen and paper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Richard Klein (paleoanthropologist)", "paragraph_text": "Richard G. Klein (born April 11, 1941) is a Professor of Biology and Anthropology at Stanford University. He is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences. He earned his PhD at the University of Chicago in 1966, and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in April 2003. His research interests include paleoanthropology, Africa and Europe. His primary thesis is that modern humans evolved in East Africa some 100,000 years ago and, starting 50,000 years ago, began spreading throughout the non-African world, replacing archaic human populations over time. He is a critic of the idea that behavioral modernity arose gradually over the course of tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of years or millions of years, instead supporting the view that modern behavior arose suddenly in the Upper Paleolithic revolution around 50,000 or 40,000 years ago.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "History of Native Americans in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The history of Native Americans in the United States began in ancient times tens of thousands of years ago with the settlement of the Americas by the Paleo-Indians. Anthropologists and archeologists have identified and studied a wide variety of cultures that existed during this era. Their subsequent contact with Europeans had a profound impact on their history.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Evolution of insects", "paragraph_text": "The most recent understanding of the evolution of insects is based on studies of the following branches of science: molecular biology, insect morphology, paleontology, insect taxonomy, evolution, embryology, bioinformatics and scientific computing. It is estimated that the class of insects originated on Earth about 480 million years ago, in the Ordovician, at about the same time terrestrial plants appeared. Insects evolved from a group of crustaceans. The first insects were land bound, but about 400 million years ago in the Devonian period one lineage of insects evolved flight, the first animals to do so. The oldest definitive insect fossil, \"Rhyniognatha hirsti\", is estimated to be  396 . Global climate conditions changed several times during the history of Earth, and along with it the diversity of insects. The Pterygotes (winged insects) underwent a major radiation in the Carboniferous (356 to 299 million years ago) while the Endopterygota (insects that go through different life stages with metamorphosis) underwent another major radiation in the Permian (299 to 252 million years ago).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Native American mascot laws and regulations", "paragraph_text": "The use of terms and images referring to Native Americans/First Nations as the name or mascot for a sports team is a topic of public controversy in the United States and in Canada, arising as part of the Native American/First Nations civil rights movements. Since the 1960s, there have been a number of protests and other actions by Native Americans and others targeting the more prominent use of such names and images by professional franchises such as the Cleveland Indians and the Washington Redskins. However, the greatest change has occurred in the trend by school and college teams that have retired Native American names and mascots at an increasing rate in recent decades. The analysis of a database in 2013 indicates that there are currently more than 2,000 secondary schools with mascots that reference Native American culture, compared to around 3,000 fifty years ago. Many of these changes have been voluntary as the issue has been discussed at a local level. Statewide laws or school board decisions mandating change have been passed in states with significant Native American populations. Other states have official policies that encourage change in accordance with principles of establishing a proper environment for education. However, there has also been resistance and backlash.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Catholic youth work", "paragraph_text": "The phrase Catholic youth work covers a wide range of activities carried out with young people, usually in the name of the Catholic Church and with the intention of imparting the Catholic faith to them and inviting them to practice and live out the faith in their lives. Activities in the field range from small scale youth groups attached to parishes or Catholic schools, to large international gatherings, such as World Youth Day. It is a field which has evolved much over recent decades, especially in comparison to more formal methods of education or catechesis within the church. Nearly all dioceses and a great deal of parishes have some form of youth provision running, although a great deal of areas particularly in the developed world are finding youth work both more difficult and rare as the numbers of young people regularly practicing the Catholic faith continue to decline. In contrast, though, the new and exciting developments of recent decades and particularly the influence of the new movements within the Church are ensuring that youth work continues to be an active and fruitful field.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Human Revolution (human origins)", "paragraph_text": "\"The Human Revolution\" is a term used by archaeologists, anthropologists and other specialists in human origins; it refers to the spectacular and relatively sudden \u2013 apparently revolutionary \u2013 emergence of language, consciousness and culture in our species. The term came into fashion following a conference on human origins held in the late 1980s, resulting in a 1989 edited volume entitled \"The Human Revolution\", edited by archaeologist Paul Mellars and palaeontologist Chris Stringer. In this early version, the rapid process of change was identified as the so-called 'Upper Palaeolithic Revolution' which occurred in Ice Age Europe around 40,000 years ago, resulting in the displacement of the local Neanderthals by anatomically modern \"Homo sapiens\", with their sophisticated ivory tools, carved figurines and cave paintings. More recently, archaeologists have come to realise that if we can speak of a 'human revolution' at all, it happened tens of thousands of years earlier, in sub-Saharan Africa rather than Europe. This means that the revolution was inseparable from the emergence of modern \"Homo sapiens\" in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8010685542992bc0c4a69a", "question_text": "Jimmy Garcia lost by unanimous decision to a professional boxer that challenged for what title in 1995?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["WBO lightweight title"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Carlos Quintana (boxer)", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Quintana (born November 6, 1976) is a retired Puerto Rican professional boxer. As an amateur Quintana represented Puerto Rico. He debuted as a professional in 1997. On February 24, 2006, he participated in his first professional championship fight, defeating Raul Bejerano for the World Boxing Organization's Latino welterweight championship. His first defense took place on June 24, 2006 when he defeated Joel Julio by unanimous decision in a welterweight title eliminator. In this fight he also won the World Boxing Council's Latino welterweight championship. His first world title fight took place on December 2, 2006, when he fought against Miguel Cotto for the World Boxing Association welterweight title. Cotto won the fight by technical knockout. On February 9, 2008, Quintana challenged Paul Williams for the WBO welterweight championship, winning the fight by unanimous decision. He entered the Light Middleweight division to face Deandre Latimore, knocking Latimore out to win the NABO Light Middleweight championship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ken Norton", "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Howard Norton Sr. (August 9, 1943 \u2013 September 18, 2013) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1967 to 1981, and held the WBC heavyweight title in 1978. He is best known for his trilogy with Muhammad Ali, in which Norton won the first fight by split decision, and controversially lost the latter two fights by split and unanimous decision, respectively. Norton also fought a slugfest with Larry Holmes in 1978, narrowly losing a split decision. Having officially retired from boxing in 1981, Norton was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1992.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez (boxer)", "paragraph_text": "Jos\u00e9 \"Carita\" L\u00f3pez (born March 29, 1972) is a Puerto Rican professional boxer who has competed in the flyweight and super flyweight divisions. His first professional championship was the Puerto Rican flyweight title, which won by defeating Jos\u00e9 Luis De Jes\u00fas. L\u00f3pez's first championship opportunity was against Alberto Jim\u00e9nez for the World Boxing Organization's flyweight title, in a contest that he lost by unanimous decision. This was followed by three more world championships fights, two of them for major titles. However, L\u00f3pez lost these contests by unanimous decision. On June 23, 2001, L\u00f3pez won the WBO Latino super flyweight title. After losing to Fernando Montiel in his fifth world title opportunity, he recurred to fight for regional championships. From 2001 to 2008, L\u00f3pez compiled an undefeated record consisting of 14 wins and a single draw. On March 28, 2009, L\u00f3pez defeated Pramuansak Phosuwan to win the WBO's super flyweight world championship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "James Tillis", "paragraph_text": "James Tillis (born July 5, 1957) is a former professional boxer. Known as \"Quick\", he was known for his fast hand speed. Tillis challenged for the WBA world heavyweight title in 1981, but was defeated by fifteen round unanimous decision to Mike Weaver. Tillis was the first man to go the distance with a prime Mike Tyson in 1986. He holds notable wins over Ron Stander by TKO 7 in 1980, and the hard punching Earnie Shavers by ten-round decision in 1982. Tillis fought for the last time in 2001 at the age of 44.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jos\u00e9 Ru\u00edz Matos", "paragraph_text": "Jos\u00e9 \"Che\u00edto\" Ru\u00edz Matos (October 24, 1966 \u2013 February 28, 1992) was a Puerto Rican boxer. Born and raised in the municipality of Trujillo Alto, he was signed as a professional when he was 17 years old. Ru\u00edz made his debut July 13, 1984, competing in the super flyweight division. He gathered a record of 9-2 during the first three years of his career, which featured a trilogy against eventual contender, Pedro Jose Feliciano. Seeking to improve his standing in the world rankings, Ru\u00edz challenged and defeated former World Boxing Council and Colombian champion, Prudencio Cardona and Chilean titlist Bernardo Manuel Mendoza. On April 29, 1989, he received his first opportunity for a world championship, defeating Sugar \"Baby\" Rojas for the title of the newly created World Boxing Organization. Ru\u00edz had four successful defenses, defeating Juan Carazo, \u00c1ngel Rosario, Wilfredo Vargas and Armando Velasco. On February 22, 1992, Ru\u00edz lost the title to Jos\u00e9 Quirino by unanimous decision. Five months later, he participated in the last fight of his career, losing a close majority decision to the International Boxing Federation's champion, Robert Quiroga. On February 28, 1992, Ru\u00edz was ambushed and shot while traveling through one of San Juan's barrios, receiving six bullet wounds that fatally injured him.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Juan Nazario", "paragraph_text": "Juan Nazario (born September 27, 1963 in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico) is a former professional boxer. During his career, which lasted from 1982 to 1993, Nazario won the WBA world lightweight title. His first world title challenge came in 1987 when he fought fellow Puerto Rican Edwin Rosario for the WBA belt, Rosario won the fight by an eighth round knockout. Nazario and Rosario fought a rematch in 1990, once again for the WBA title. Nazario was able to reverse the result of the first fight by beating Rosario in the eighth round to become champion. In his first defense Nazario challenged Pernell Whitaker for the undisputed title. Whitaker won the fight in the first round and Nazario never fought for a world title again. Nazario fought for a final time on July 10, 1993, beating Angel Cordova by unanimous decision.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jimmy Garcia", "paragraph_text": "Jimmy Garcia (October 12, 1971May 19, 1995) was a Colombian boxer who was best known for losing a WBC super featherweight title to Gabriel Ruelas and subsequently dying 13 days later from brain damage. The loss to Ruelas was the only stoppage loss of Garcia's career, and the former Colombian Featherweight champion's corner was criticized for not stopping the fight earlier. The Ruelas match had been Garcia's second successful title shot, having lost a unanimous decision to Genaro Hern\u00e1ndez earlier.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Leon Spinks", "paragraph_text": "Leon Spinks (born July 11, 1953) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1977 to 1995. In only his eighth professional fight, he won the undisputed heavyweight championship in 1978 after defeating Muhammad Ali via split decision, in what was considered one of the biggest upsets in boxing history. Spinks was later stripped of the WBC title for facing Ali in an unapproved rematch seven months later, which he lost by unanimous decision.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Genaro Hern\u00e1ndez", "paragraph_text": "Genaro Hern\u00e1ndez (May 10, 1966 \u2013 June 7, 2011) was a Mexican-American professional boxer who competed from 1984 to 1998. He was a two-time super featherweight world champion, having held the WBA title from 1991 to 1995, and the WBC and lineal titles from 1997 to 1998. Additionally, he challenged for the WBO lightweight title in 1995.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Randall &quot;Tex&quot; Cobb", "paragraph_text": "Randall Craig \"Tex\" Cobb (born December 10, 1953) is an American former professional boxer who competed in the heavyweight division. Widely considered to possess one of the greatest chins of all time, Cobb was a brawler who also packed considerable punching power. He began his fighting career in full contact kickboxing in 1975 before making the jump to professional boxing two years later. He challenged Larry Holmes for the WBC heavyweight title in November 1982, losing a one-sided unanimous decision, and took wins over notable heavyweights of his era such as Bernardo Mercado, Earnie Shavers, and Leon Spinks.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7ca98f55429935c91b5288", "question_text": "What religion was the martyr to whom the Lady of the Valey statue is dedicated?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Christian"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sangiliyan Statue", "paragraph_text": "The Sangiliyan statue was dedicated to Cankili II a Tamil martyr and the last king of Jaffna Kingdom. The statue is seen as a landmark of the city of Jaffna. The Sangiliyan statue was built 1974 at Muuirai junction Nallur and declared open by then Jaffna Mayor Alfred Duraiappah. On 2011 was the statue removed and a new statue was built at the same place. The new statue was declared open by Jaffna Mayor Mrs. Yogeshwarai Patkunarajah and Minister Douglas Devananda. Tamil groups believe the statue was destroyed and rebuilt because of political motives. They criticize by this act was the historic beauty of the statue destroyed, the new statue has not the heroic features of the former statue, the sword in the hand of Cankili was removed by the government and reinstalled in another position.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Martyrs' Memorial Patna", "paragraph_text": "The Martyr's Memorial, also known as Shaheed Smarak, is a life-size statue of seven young men who sacrificed their lives in the Quit India movement (August 1942), to hoist the national flag on the (now) Secretariat building. The foundation stone of Martyr's Memorial was laid on 15 August 1947, by the governor of Bihar, Mr. Jairam Das Daulatram. The sculptor Deviprasad Roychoudhury built the bronze statue of the seven students with the national flag. These statues were cast in Italy and later placed here.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "King Charles the Martyr", "paragraph_text": "King Charles the Martyr, or Charles, King and Martyr, is a title of Charles I, who was King of England, of Scotland, and of Ireland from 1625 until his execution on 30 January 1649. The title was used by high church Anglicans who regarded Charles' execution as a martyrdom. His feast day in the Anglican calendar is 30 January, the anniversary of his execution in 1649. The cult of Charles the Martyr was popular with Tories. The observance was one of several \"state services\" removed in 1859 from the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England and the Church of Ireland. There remain some churches and parishes dedicated to Charles the Martyr, and his cult is maintained by some Anglo-Catholic societies, including the Society of King Charles the Martyr founded in 1894.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dharma Bhakta Mathema", "paragraph_text": "Martyr (Sahid) Dharma Bhakta Mathema is one of the revered freedom fighters of Nepal, who sacrificed his life in struggle for freedom against hereditary prime ministership of the Rana dynasty. He was a professional body builder as well as a founding member of Praja Parishad party of Nepal. He was hanged during the freedom movement, and he is duly recognized as one of the four martyrs of Nepal. His statue is found, along with other three martyrs, in the Martyr's Gate (Sahid Gate) memorial in Kathmandu. A school is also established on his name 'Shahid Dharma Bhakta School (SDB)' currently located in Nakkhu, Lalitpur, Nepal by her daughter Renu Devi which runs the classes from montessori to grade 10 (School Leaving Certificate). He is also said to have introduced modern body building techniques in Nepal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Saint George", "paragraph_text": "Saint George (, \"Ge\u1e53rgios\"; Latin: \"Georgius\" ; to 23 April 303), according to legend, was a Roman soldier of Greek origin and officer in the Guard of Roman emperor Diocletian, who was sentenced to death for failing to recant his Christian faith. As a Christian martyr, he later became one of the most venerated saints in Christianity and in particular the Crusades.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lady of the Valley", "paragraph_text": "The Lady of the Valley (Arabic: \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u200e \u200e , \"Sayyidat al-Wadi\") is a Marian shrine located in Al-Nasirah, Wadi al-Nasara in Syria. The statue is built near the Lady of the Valley Church on top of \"Mount of the Pilgrim\" (Arabic: \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\u200e \u200e , \"Jabal al-Sayeh\"), which is dedicated to Saint George.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Shrine of Our Lady of Health", "paragraph_text": "The Shrine of Our Lady of Our Health, Hyderabad is the biggest octagonal church in Asia. It is one of the oldest Roman Catholic Churches of Hyderabad and is dedicated to Blessed Virgin Mary. It is situated near to Mahaveer Hospital, Masab Tank, Hyderabad and is in A.C. Guards, Khairtabad. In this church, the birthday of Blessed Virgin Mary is celebrated on 8 September every year. On the day of the feast and during the feast lakhs of people visit the Shrine to pay their respects to Blessed Virgin Mary. Every year the celebrations start with the Flag Hoisting on 29 August, after which a Novena to Our Lady Of Health is held daily in the evenings, when a parish from Hyderabad or Secundrabad comes to host the Holy Mass. After the mass, there is a procession with the Statue of Our Lady Of Health out in the grounds of the Church after which Benediction takes place. Even on First Saturday of every month, there's a Holy Mass conducted during which the Statue of Our Lady Of Health is taken out in the grounds of the Church where Benediction takes place and thousands of people attend the mass.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "INA Martyr's Memorial", "paragraph_text": "The INA Martyr's Memorial complex is a war memorial at Moirang, India, dedicated to the soldiers of the Indian National Army. The main feature of the complex is a reconstruction of the INA's memorial to its fallen soldiers as it stood in Singapore, before its destruction at the hands of British-Indian Army sappers in 1945. The complex also contains a museum dedicated to the INA along with a library and an auditorium and a statue of Subhas Chandra Bose. Work on the cenotaph itself began in October 1968 and was completed in September 1969, when it was unveiled by Indira Gandhi. Work on expanding the monument complex to present-day size was completed in 2005, when it was unveiled. The total cost in building the memorial was Rs 6.23 crores. A stone monument has also been erected at the historic Moirang Kangla, where Colonel S. A. Malik leading an INA unit raised the flag of Azad Hind in April 1944. The Imphal state government has administered the site since 1985. Close to the complex is the peace memorial at Lotpaching, raised by the Japanese government.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Our Lady of Aberdeen", "paragraph_text": "Our Lady of Aberdeen is a Madonna and Child statuette, a copy of a similar statuette in Brussels known as \"Notre Dame du Bon Succ\u00e8s\". Copies of \"Notre Dame du Bon Succ\u00e8s\" are to be found across the North East of Scotland. It is believed that the statue in Brussels may have been in Old Aberdeen as early as 1450. References to a statue in a Chapel at the Bridge of Dee in Aberdeen suggest that it may have been placed there by Bishop Gavin Dunbar of Aberdeen (1514\u20131531). At the beginning of the Scottish Reformation (c. 1559) many religious objects from churches in Aberdeen and the St Machar's Cathedral in Old Aberdeen were given for safe keeping to Catholic sympathisers. It is claimed that the statue was in the hands of a Catholic family, the Gordons of Strathbogie, until 1625. It was then sent to the Low Countries by a William Laing, thought to be the Procurer for the Kings of Spain to the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia in Brussels. There is a reliable history of \"Notre Dame du Bon Succ\u00e8s\" in Brussels from that date. In Scotland the Catholic Church celebrates 9 July as Our Lady of Aberdeen Day. There are copies in St Mary's Cathedral, Aberdeen and in the Bishop\u2019s House, formerly the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Aberdeen. Other copies include one in Buckie and one in St Peter's Church in Aberdeen. For historic details of \"Notre Dame du Bon Succ\u00e8s\" and Our Lady of Aberdeen see the papers by Ray McAleese \u2013 below. The monograph by Ron Smith (see below) gives a devotional account of beliefs about Our Lady of Aberdeen and \"Notre Dame du Bon Succ\u00e8s\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Theonestus of Vercelli", "paragraph_text": "Saint Theonestus of Vercelli is venerated as a martyr by the Catholic Church. Theonestus may have been a member of the early Christian community in Vercelli, living in an era earlier than that of Eusebius of Vercelli. Theonestus may have been a martyr, whose relics were buried in the cemetery where other Christians were buried, outside the city walls. It is believed that his whole body was conserved in the tomb dedicated to him. He is probably not the saint of the same name who was said to have been killed at Altinum by the Arians. This saint of Altinum, whose legend, in any case, is confused and contradictory, may have been confused for the martyr of Vercelli, whose historicity is more certain.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abd0d635542992ac4f381b8", "question_text": "How many days did it take the Best New Artist of 2009 to sell 2 million copies of an album in the UK and break a twenty year old record?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["29"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Premio Lo Nuestro 2003", "paragraph_text": "Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 was the 15th anniversary of the awards. the show was hosted by Mexican presenters Marco Antonio Regil and Adal Ramones. Juanes, Thal\u00eda, Marc Anthony, Pilar Montenegro, Sin Bandera, Banda el Recodo and other Latin music greats gave electrifying performances. In the show, there was 36 awards winners with 135 nominations. In Pop genre, Awards was given for : Album of the Year, Best Male Artist, Best Female Artist, Best Group or duo, Best New Artist and Song of the Year. In Rock Genre : Best Rock Album and Best rock Performer of the Year. In Tropical genre : Best Tropical Album of the Year, Best Tropical Male Artist, Best Tropical Female Artist, Best Tropical Group or Duo of the Year, Best Tropical New Artist, Tropical Song of the Year, Best Merengue Performance, Best Salsa Performance and Best Traditional Performance. Juanes was the biggest winner of night, took home four awards Best Pop Male Artist, Best Music Video, Best Rock Performance, and Pop Song of the Year . In the Regional Mexican, Pilar Montenegro took three awards for Regional Mexican Song of the Year, Pop Song of the Year (\"Quitame Ese Hombre\"), and for Best Regional Mexican Female Artist. In the tropical genre, Celia Cruz took home with four great awards of the night for Best Salsa Performance, Best Tropical Female Artist, Best Tropical Song of the year and Tropical Album of the Year. At the night, the greatest performance was a medley of top Latin hits from the last 15 years, performed by the artists that made them famous, including Vikki Carr, Son by Four, Los Ilegales, La Mafia, Luis Enrique, Wilfrido Vargas and Olga Ta\u00f1\u00f3n. There was a great tribute to Celia Cruz by the world-famous salsa group \"Fania All-Stars\", of which Cruz was a member during the 1970s, reunited for an exclusive performance that rocked the house.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Encore (Eminem album)", "paragraph_text": "Encore (stylized as \u018eNCORE) is the fifth studio album by American rapper Eminem. It was released by Aftermath Entertainment, Shady Records, and Interscope Records. Its release was set for November 16, 2004, but was moved up to November 12 (coincidentally, exactly eight years to the day since his debut album, \"Infinite\", was released) after the album was leaked to the Internet. \"Encore\" sold 710,000 copies in its first three days, and went on to sell over 1.5 million copies in its first two weeks of release in the United States, certified quadruple-platinum that mid-December. Nine months after its release, worldwide sales of the album stood at 11 million copies. By December 2016, the album had sold over 5 million copies in the United States and more than 23 million copies worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "SAIC-GM-Wuling", "paragraph_text": "SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile (\u4e0a\u6c7d\u901a\u7528\u4e94\u83f1\u6c7d\u8f66\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8 and abbreviated as SGMW) is a joint venture between SAIC Motor, General Motors, and Liuzhou Wuling Motors Co Ltd. Based in Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in southwestern China, it makes commercial and consumer vehicles sold in China under the Wuling and Baojun marques, respectively. A major mass-volume producer in the Chinese interior, in 2011 SGMW sold 1,286,000 vehicles in China, 1,445,000 in 2012, and aims to sell 2 million cars annually. Its offerings range in price from US$5,000 to US$10,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Japan Record Award for Best New Artist", "paragraph_text": "The Japan Record Award for Best New Artist (\u6700\u512a\u79c0\u65b0\u4eba\u8cde ) is awarded annually. Until the 10th Japan Record Awards it was called New Artist Award, since 11th \u2014 Best New Artist Award. At present all nominees for the Best New Artist Award are awarded the New Artist Award.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Robson &amp; Jerome (album)", "paragraph_text": "Robson & Jerome is the debut studio album by British singing duo Robson & Jerome. It was released in the UK in 1995 by RCA Records, and reached number one on the UK Albums Chart. It was the Christmas number one album of 1995, and was the biggest-selling album of the year, with sales of 2,040,000. For almost 20 years, it held the record for selling 2 million copies in the UK in the fastest time, doing so in 42 days; in 2015, Adele surpassed the record when her album \"25\" took just 29 days to reach the landmark.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist", "paragraph_text": "The MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist have been given out since the first annual MTV Video Music Awards in 1984. From then to 2006, the award was named Best New Artist in a Video. In 2007 its name was changed to Best New Artist, as the category underwent a format change to award the artist's body of work for the full year rather than a specific video. For the 2008 ceremony, though, while the award retained its 2007 name, it returned to the format of awarding a specific video rather than the artist's full body of work. The category was later renamed Artist to Watch through 2013 to 2015 while still keeping the format of an award going to a certain video.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Foundation (Zac Brown Band album)", "paragraph_text": "The Foundation is the first major-label studio album by American country music band Zac Brown Band. It was released on November 18, 2008. Originally slated for release on the Home Grown label and Big Picture Records, the album is distributed by Atlantic Nashville in association with those two labels. The financing for the album was provided by Atlanta, GA entrepreneur Braden Copeland through his investment company Braden Copeland Ventures, LLC. On December 2, 2009, the album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. and also earned the band the Grammy Award for Best New Artist on January 31. The album also has been nominated for the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards \"Album of the Year\" award. As of September 2015, the album has sold 3.4 million copies in the US.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Adele", "paragraph_text": "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (born 5 May 1988) ( ) is an English singer-songwriter. After graduating from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in 2006, Adele was given a recording contract by XL Recordings after a friend posted her demo on Myspace the same year. In 2007, she received the Brit Awards \"Critics' Choice\" award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll. Her debut album, \"19\", was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success. It is certified seven times platinum in the UK, and three times platinum in the US. The album contains her first song, \"Hometown Glory\", written when she was 16, which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London. An appearance she made on \"Saturday Night Live\" in late 2008 boosted her career in the US. At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009, Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2002", "paragraph_text": "The highest-selling albums and EPs in the United States are ranked in the \"Billboard\" 200, published by \"Billboard\" magazine. The data are compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album's weekly physical and digital sales. 25 acts achieved number one albums during this year with artist such as Nelly and Shania Twain who had their albums debut at number one on the chart. Rapper Eminem's \"The Eminem Show\" is the best selling album of 2002 selling over approximately 7.6 million copies by the end of the year. It is also the longest running album of 2002 spending six non-consecutive weeks the chart and was known for its first full week of sales debut of 1.322 million copies which Nielsen SoundScan scanned as the sixth largest sales of all time in its first week. Its debut of 1.322 million copies has still not been matched by any album today since except for Taylor Swift's album \"1989\", which opened with first week sales of 1.279 million copies. The band Creed continued its eight week long run on the chart but is credited as the longest running album 2001. Jennifer Lopez earned her second number one album on the charts with \"\", which became the highest first week sales of a remix album at the time. R&B artist Ashanti earned her first number one album with her self-titled debut album \"Ashanti\", which opened up with first week sales of 503,000 copies in its first week alone. Puff Daddy earned his first number one album since \"No Way Out\" back in 1997. Rapper Jay-Z earned his fifth chart topper with \"\", which opened up with first week sales of 545,000 copies alone. Heavy metal band Disturbed earned its first number one album on the chart with \"Believe\", which opened up with first week sales of 284,000 copies alone. Country music singer Shania Twain's album \"Up! \" opened up with a huge first week sales of 857,000 copies in its first week alone, giving her the recognition of the highest first week sales of her career and second highest of the year, only behind Eminem's \"The Eminem Show\" and at the time the fastest selling solo female album ever. Nelly's album \"Nellyville\" opened up with his highest first week sales of his career which logged on with huge sales of 714,000 copies in its first week alone, which beat his sales of his debut album \"Country Grammar\", which opened up with first week sales of 235,000 copies. Country singer Alan Jackson album \"Drive\" gave him his first number one album on the chart and opened up with first week sales of 211,000 copies alone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Every End of the Day", "paragraph_text": "\"Every End of the Day\" () is a song by South Korean singer-songwriter and actress IU. It was released as a CD single, titled \"Spring of a Twenty Year Old\" (). The single has a double A-side hit singles, \"Peach\" and \"Every End of the Day\" which was also released digitally, consists of three tracks in total, one of which was composed by IU. It is the singer's first Korean-language release since the full-length album, \"Last Fantasy\", that was released six months prior. . The latter topped \"Billboard\" Korea K-Pop Hot 100 for four consecutive weeks, making it IU's second number-one hit on the chart after \"You and I\". The single has sold over 34,400 copies in South Korea as of 2013.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7af8fa55429927d897bf25", "question_text": "Consider the band formed in 2015 by JYP Entertainment through the reality show \"Sixteen\". How many tracks are on the reissue of their third album?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["13"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Twicecoaster: Lane 2", "paragraph_text": "Twicecoaster: Lane 2 (stylized as TWICEcoaster : LANE 2) is the reissue of South Korean girl group Twice's third extended play (EP) \"\". It was released digitally and physically on February 20, 2017 by JYP Entertainment. It contains 13 tracks, including the lead single, \"Knock Knock\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Stray Kids", "paragraph_text": "Stray Kids () is an upcoming reality show created by JYP Entertainment and Mnet. It is a male idol debut project with the concept of winning the \"trainees versus JYP\" survival. It is set to air on October 17, 2017 at 23:00 KST.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Twice (band)", "paragraph_text": "Twice (; Japanese: \u30c8\u30a5\u30ef\u30a4\u30b9) is a South Korean girl group formed by JYP Entertainment through the 2015 reality show \"Sixteen\". The group is composed of nine members: Nayeon, Jeongyeon, Momo, Sana, Jihyo, Mina, Dahyun, Chaeyoung, and Tzuyu. The group debuted on October 20, 2015 with the extended play (EP) \"The Story Begins\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Live at O2 Shepherds Bush Empire", "paragraph_text": "Live at O2 Shepherds Bush Empire is KT Tunstall's sixth live album, recorded on 9 November 2016. It features many tracks from her previous albums, with the second half of the double album containing many tracks from her 2016 release \"KIN\". Tunstall was accompanied by a three-piece band consisting of Rachel Eckroth on keyboard, Solomon Dorsey on bass, and Denny Weston Jr. on drums.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wonder Girls", "paragraph_text": "Wonder Girls () was a South Korean girl group and band formed by producer Park Jin-young under JYP Entertainment in 2006, which debuted in 2007. The group's final line-up consisted of Yubin, Yeeun, Sunmi and Hyerim. Members Sunye and Sohee officially left the group in 2015, while Hyuna left in late 2007. They were co-managed in the United States by Creative Artists Agency.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Day6", "paragraph_text": "Day6 (, stylized as DAY6) is a South Korean rock band formed by JYP Entertainment. The band's current line-up consists of five members: Jae, Sungjin, Young K, Wonpil, and Dowoon. The band debuted with the release of their first EP, \"The Day\" on September 7, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "2PM", "paragraph_text": "2PM (Hangul:\u00a0\ud22c\ud53c\uc5e0 ) is a South Korean boy band formed by JYP Entertainment. The current members are Jun. K (formerly known as Junsu), Nichkhun, Taecyeon, Wooyoung, Junho and Chansung. Former leader Jay Park officially left the group in early 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Twice discography", "paragraph_text": "South Korea-based girl group Twice have released four extended plays (one of which was reissued under a different title), one compilation album, one compilation EP, and five singles. Formed by JYP Entertainment in 2015 through the survival show \"Sixteen\", Twice debuted in October 2015 with the release of their first EP, \"The Story Begins\", and its single \"Like Ooh-Ahh\". The EP and the single peaked at No. 3 and No. 10 on the Gaon Music Chart, respectively. \"The Story Begins\" eventually sold over 120,000 copies, becoming the best-selling debut extended play by a K-pop girl group of all time, breaking the record set by Girls' Generation's first extended play \"Gee\" (2009), which sold nearly 100,000 copies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sixteen (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Sixteen (, stylized as SIXTEEN) was a 2015 reality girl group survival show created by JYP Entertainment and Mnet. The show pitted sixteen JYP trainees against one another to secure a spot in the girl group Twice. \"Sixteen\" contestants were assessed for not only their singing and dancing abilities but also their charisma and personality. The show premiered on May 5, 2015, and ran for ten episodes through July 7, 2015, on Mnet.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sunrise (Day6 album)", "paragraph_text": "Sunrise is the first studio album by South Korean rock band Day6. It was released by JYP Entertainment on June 7, 2017. This album features 14 tracks which consists of all 10 tracks that were previously released from January to May 2017 through \"Every Day6\", tracks from \"Every Day6 June\", rebooted version of \"Letting Go\", and final version of \"Congratulations\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae537a855429960a22e0266", "question_text": "\"Let's Get Ready to Rhumble\" is a 1994 song by a music duo from where?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Newcastle upon Tyne, England"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "PJ &amp; Duncan discography", "paragraph_text": "PJ & Duncan, who were later rebranded as Ant & Dec, began their musical career in 1993 with the release of the single \"Tonight I'm Free\". This was followed in 1994 by their successful debut album \"Psyche\", which included the single \"Let's Get Ready to Rhumble\". Their second album \"Top Katz\" (1995) was less commercially successful than \"Psyche\" although all its singles reached the UK Top 20. PJ & Duncan were rebranded as Ant & Dec in 1996, resulting in 1997's \"The Cult of Ant & Dec\", their final album, which reached 15 in the UK charts. Their label, Telstar Records, decided not to renew their recording contract in 1997, and their career in music ended there. They reunited for live performances in 2000 and 2013 and for a single, \"We're on the Ball\", in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ant &amp; Dec", "paragraph_text": "Anthony McPartlin, OBE (born 18 November 1975) and Declan Donnelly, OBE (born 25 September 1975), known collectively as Ant & Dec, are an English comedy TV presenting, television producing, acting and former music duo from Newcastle upon Tyne, England.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Let's Get Ready (organization)", "paragraph_text": "Let's Get Ready (LGR) is a non-profit organization that provides low-income high school students with free SAT preparation, admissions counseling and other support services needed to gain admission to and graduate from college. Programs are based at colleges, staffed by college student volunteers. Let's Get Ready is the largest network of student-run college access programs in the U.S., serving approximately 2,500 U.S. high school students per year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Psyche (album)", "paragraph_text": "Psyche is the debut studio album released by British recording duo PJ & Duncan, now better known as Ant & Dec. Recording on the album began in 1993, following the release of a track the duo performed during their time on Byker Grove, \"Rip it Up\". The song was then re-worked into their debut single, \"Tonight I'm Free\", which was released in December 1993 on Telstar Records. The album includes the duo's best known track, \"Let's Get Ready to Rhumble\", which peaked at no. 9 on the UK Singles Chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ain't Too Proud to Beg", "paragraph_text": "\"Ain't Too Proud to Beg\" is a 1966 song and hit single by The Temptations for Motown Records' Gordy label, produced by Norman Whitfield and written by Whitfield and Edward Holland, Jr. The song peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Pop Chart, and was a number-one hit on the Billboard R&B charts for eight non-consecutive weeks. The song's success, in the wake of the relative underperformance of the previous Temptations single, \"Get Ready\", resulted in Norman Whitfield replacing Smokey Robinson, producer of \"Get Ready\", as The Temptations' main producer. In 2004 it finished #94 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs poll thanks to its inclusion in \"The Big Chill\" soundtrack.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "I Guess I Like It Like That", "paragraph_text": "\"I Guess I Like It Like That\" is a 1991 promotional single written by Australian singer-songwriter Kylie Minogue and British producers Mike Stock and Pete Waterman for Minogue's fourth album \"Let's Get to It\". The song samples 2 Unlimited's \"Get Ready For This\" written by Phil Wilde, Jean-Paul de Coster and Ray Slijngaard. In the 2015 UK re-release of the \"Let's Get To It\" album Wilde and de Coster were credited as co-authors of the song (Stock/Waterman/Minogue/DeCoster/Wilde). The song also samples Freestyle Orchestra's \"Keep On Pumping It Up\" and the Salt-N-Pepa song \"I Like It Like That\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Let's Get Ready to Rhumble", "paragraph_text": "\"Let's Get Ready to Rhumble\" is a 1994 song by British duo Ant & Dec, who at the time were known as PJ & Duncan. The song was released in the United Kingdom on 11 July 1994 as the third single from their debut studio album \"Psyche\". The song was written by Nicky Graham, Deni Lew and Mike Olton, and produced by Nicky Graham. It peaked at number 9 in the UK Singles Chart in 1994, and was later #1 almost two decades after its original chart appearance. The song includes a repeatedly-used sample of Michael Buffer saying his trademark catchphrase.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Get Ready (Virtue album)", "paragraph_text": "Get Ready is the second album of gospel group, Virtue. The album features the singles, \"Get Ready\", \"Love Me Like You Do\", \"Angels Watching Over Me\" and \"Put Your War Clothes On\". Member Shavonne Sampson would depart the group and would be replaced by members Ebony & Karima's younger sister Heather Trotter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "People Get Ready (The Impressions album)", "paragraph_text": "People Get Ready is an album by American soul music group the Impressions, released in 1965. It contains Curtis Mayfield's \"People Get Ready\", which was a successful single that had a significant impact on the civil rights movement. The album reached number one on the Billboard R&B chart and 23 on the main Billboard chart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Get Ready (The Temptations song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Get Ready\" is a Motown song written by Smokey Robinson, which resulted in two hit records for the label: a U.S. No. 29 version by The Temptations in 1966, and a U.S. No. 4 version by Rare Earth in 1970. It is significant for being the last song Robinson wrote and produced for the Temptations, due to a deal Berry Gordy made with Norman Whitfield, that if \"Get Ready\" did not meet with the expected degree of success, then Whitfield's song, \"Ain't Too Proud To Beg\", would get the next release, which resulted in Whitfield more or less replacing Robinson as the group's producer.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7e4af3554299495941998c", "question_text": "The founder of the Ali Akbar College of Music was known for his virtuosity in what musical instrument?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the sarod"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Electric instrument", "paragraph_text": "An electric musical instrument is one in which the use of electric devices determines or affects the sound produced by an instrument. Electric musical instruments are an example of electric music technology. It is also known as an amplified musical instrument due to the common utilization of an electronic instrument amplifier to project the intended sound as determined by electric signals from the instrument. Two common types of instrument amplifiers are the guitar amplifier and the bass amplifier. This is not the same as an electronic musical instrument, like a synthesizer, which uses entirely electronic means to both create and control sound.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ali-Akbar Mousavi Khoeini", "paragraph_text": "Ali Akbar Mousavi Khoeini \u00a0\u00a0 (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200e \u200e ) (also known as Seyed Ali Akbar Mosavi) is a notable Iranian human rights activist and politician. He was an active member of Tahkim vahdat before he was elected as a Member of Parliament in the 6th Parliament of Iran. In the parliament, he made a significant attempt to defend the rights of political prisoners during the 1990s. He is currently the president of Advar Tahkim Vahdat.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ali Akbar Khan", "paragraph_text": "Ali Akbar Khan (14 April 192218 June 2009) was a Hindustani classical musician of the Maihar gharana, known for his virtuosity in playing the sarod. Trained as a classical musician and instrumentalist by his father, Allauddin Khan, Khan also composed several classical \"ragas\" and film scores. He established a music school in Calcutta in 1956, and the Ali Akbar College of Music in 1967, which moved with him to the USA and is now based in San Rafael, California, with a branch in Basel, Switzerland.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ali Akbar Natiq", "paragraph_text": "Ali Akbar Natiq is an Urdu poet and short story writer from Pakistan. Ali Akbar Natiq began working as a mason, specializing in domes and minarets, to contribute to the family income while he read widely in Urdu and Arabic. Acclaimed as one of the brightest stars in Pakistan\u2019s literary firmament, Natiq has published two volumes of poetry and one collection of short stories. His latest has been featured in \"Granta\" magazine's special issue on Pakistan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ali Akbar Bahman", "paragraph_text": "Ali Akbar Bahman (also Mirza Ali Akbar Khan; b. 1883 - d. 1967) was an Iranian employee of the Foreign Ministry, diplomat and politician under the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties. Ali Akbar Bahman was during the rule of the Qajar dynasty as well as at the time of Reza Shah Pahlavi ambassador and minister.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ali Akbar College of Music", "paragraph_text": "The Ali Akbar College of Music (AACM) is the name of three schools founded by Indian musician Ali Akbar Khan to teach Indian classical music. The first was founded in 1956 in Calcutta, India. The second was founded in 1967 in Berkeley, California, but moved to its current location in San Rafael, California the next year. The third was founded in 1985 in Basel, Switzerland and is run by Khan's disciple Ken Zuckerman.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Achan (2011 film)", "paragraph_text": "Achan (English: \"Father\" ) is a 2011 Malayalam-language film directed by Ali Akbar and starring Thilakan. The film is based on a drama of the same name written by S. R. Raveendran, who also scripted the film. The film's shooting began on 28 July 2010, and was scheduled to release by October. Several issues regarding the casting of Thilakan, an expelled member of the Association of Malayalam Movie Artists, led the film to a delayed release on 14 January 2011. Ali Akbar\u2019s wife produced the film; the music was composed by his daughter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Mirza Hossein-Qoli", "paragraph_text": "Mirza Hosseingholi, also known as \"Agha Mirza Hosseingholi Farahani\" (1853 in Tehran \u2013 1916 in Tehran), was a musician and tar player. He and his older brother Mirza Abdollah started learning music from their father Ali Akbar Farahani who was a well-known musician. He is best known for his radif and for his unique style of playing tar. His best student was Ali Akbar Shahnazi, who collected and performed his father's radif.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Music of India: Morning and Evening Ragas", "paragraph_text": "Music of India: Morning and Evening Ragas is the debut album by Indian sarod master Ali Akbar Khan, released in 1955. Issued on Angel Records, it is considered a landmark recording, being the first album of Indian classical music ever released. <ref name=\"Hunt/AAK obit\">Ken Hunt, \"Ustad Ali Akbar Khan: Sarod maestro who played with Ravi Shankar and appeared at the Concert for Bangladesh\", \"The Independent\", 25 June 2009 (retrieved 3 December 2013). </ref>", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ali Akbar Shiroodi", "paragraph_text": "Ali Akbar Shiroodi (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200e \u200e ) was one of the pilots who had the highest number of flights in the world. Ali Akbar Shiroodi, according to air-war experts, was one of the most prominent helicopter pilots in the world. They consider him a stylist pilot in flights and air combats, in a way that when attaching the enemy he would dive obliquely and maneuver like a jet plane. Also he had the highest number of flights in the world. He was injured 40 times and 300 times shelled. He defended the Iranian territories during the initial years of Iran-Iraq war.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac0d732554299294b219030", "question_text": "The Lang Labor Party was the group that aligned with the policies of the government that followed what system?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Westminster"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "New South Wales state election, 1927", "paragraph_text": "The 1927 New South Wales state election to elect the 90 members of the 28th Legislative Assembly was held on 8 October 1927. During the previous parliament the voting system, which had been a form of proportional representation with multi-member seats and a single transferable vote (modified Hare-Clark), was changed to single member constituencies with optional preferential voting. Severe divisions occurred within the Australian Labor Party caucus in the four months prior to the election (see Lang Labor) and a caretaker government composed of the supporters of the Premier of New South Wales and party leader, Jack Lang was in power at the time of the election.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Patrick Mooney (Australian politician)", "paragraph_text": "Patrick Frederick Mooney (17 January 1880 \u2013 23 December 1942) was an Australian politician. Born in Eurobodalla, New South Wales, he received a primary education before becoming a hotel manager and tram driver. He was an official with the Tramway Workers Union, and also served on Redfern Council, rising to be mayor in 1925. On 23 December 1931, New South Wales Premier Jack Lang installed Mooney as a Lang Labor member in a Senate vacancy that resulted from the death of Nationalist Senator Walter Duncan. Mooney's time in the Senate was short as the 1931 election had passed and Duncan's term was due to expire on 30 June 1932. He contested the 1934 election as a Lang Labor candidate but was unsuccessful. He remained an organiser of the Lang Labor group and a Redfern Alderman. Mooney died in 1942.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Tom Howard (politician)", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Patrick \"Tom\" Howard (13 March 1880 \u2013 9 July 1949) was an Australian trade unionist and politician. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1933 to 1938, representing the Lang Labor Party (1933), South Australian Lang Labor Party (1933\u20131934) and Australian Labor Party (1934\u20131938).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Tom Sheehan (politician)", "paragraph_text": "Thomas \"Tom\" Sheehan (14 April 1891 \u2013 26 March 1955) was an Australian politician. Born in Sydney, he attended Catholic schools before becoming an engine-driver and official of the Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Enginemen. He was involved in local politics as a member of Newtown City Council. In 1937, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Cook. In 1940, when the New South Wales Caucus of the Labor Party split, Sheehan joined the Australian Labor Party (Non-Communist) under the leadership of Jack Lang. However, in 1941 John Curtin reunited the party, and Sheehan and the other Lang Labor members rejoined the federal ALP. He held the seat for the rest of his life. Thomas married Annie O'Mara and had four children, Stanley, Thomas, May and Kenneth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bill Denny", "paragraph_text": "William Joseph \"Bill\" Denny, {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} (6 December 1872 \u2013 2 May 1946) was a South Australian journalist, lawyer, politician and decorated soldier who held the South Australian House of Assembly seats of West Adelaide from 1900 to 1902 and then Adelaide from 1902 to 1905 and again from 1906 to 1933. After an unsuccessful candidacy as a United Labor Party (ULP) member in 1899, he was elected as an \"independent liberal\" in a by-election in 1900. He was re-elected in 1902, but defeated in 1905. The following year, he was elected as a ULP candidate, and retained his seat for that party (the Australian Labor Party from 1917) until 1931. Along with the rest of the cabinet, he was ejected from the Australian Labor Party in 1931, and was a member of the Parliamentary Labor Party until his electoral defeat at the hands of a Lang Labor Party candidate in 1933.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Premier of New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "The Premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster system, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The Premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by virtue of his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Joe Gander", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Herbert Gander (1888 \u2013 22 November 1954) was an Australian politician. Born in Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia, he received a primary education before becoming a billiardmaker and public servant. He was involved in local politics in Sydney, being elected to Newtown Council. In 1931, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the member for Reid, a member of the Lang Labor party; he defeated Percy Coleman, the Labor member. When, in 1936, the Lang Labor members rejoined the Labor party, Gander was one of them. However, in 1940, the Labor Party split again, and Gander was among the members to join the Langite Australian Labor Party (Non-Communist). However, he was defeated in the election of that year by the federal Labor candidate, Charles Morgan, and retired from politics, returning to public service. Gander died in 1954.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Stan Taylor (barrister)", "paragraph_text": "He was born at Rylstone to farmer John Orchard Taylor and Helen Russell, \"n\u00e9e\" Clarke. He attended Burwood Superior Public School before becoming a junior clerk with the State Department of the Attorney-General and of Justice in November 1912. He joined the Australian Labor Party at the age of seventeen and was active in the anti-conscription campaigns of 1916\u201317. He ran unsuccessfully for Ryde at the 1925 state election, but was expelled from 1927 to 1930. On his readmittance he was part of the Lang Labor faction, running for North Sydney as a Lang Labor candidate at the 1934 federal election. He was called to the Bar on 25 May 1934. He ran for the reunited Labor Party as the candidate for Martin in 1937.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Australian Labor Party (NSW)", "paragraph_text": "The Australian Labor Party (NSW), commonly known as Lang Labor, was a political group arising from a major breakaway from the Australian Labor Party in New South Wales that operated from 1931 to 1936, when the two groups were reconciled.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lang Labor Party (South Australia)", "paragraph_text": "The Lang Labor Party was a political party active in South Australia from 1931 to 1934, aligned with Lang Labor and the policies of Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a73977d554299623ed4ac08", "question_text": "What is the shared country of ancestry between Art Laboe and Scout Tufankjian?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Armenian"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Arabs in India", "paragraph_text": "A small but recognizable people with Arab origins have over time settled in the India. Genealogically they are grouped as \"Indo-Arabs\" or \"Indians with Arab ancestry\". Those who arrived in Kerala and Gujarat for trading goods were later recruited to the army. Most Arabs were traders, and businessmen who sold or traded silk, diamonds and other valuables resulting in wealthy business men. The city of Surat and villages within the city are known for Arab settlements. Variav and Randev are the few villages that Arabs started their lives in. In Hyderabad, Chaush are Arab community of Hadhrami descent whose ancestors were recruited as soldier by Nizam of Hyderabad. In coastal Karnataka, Iraqis arrived during the reign of Tipu Sultan. They claim their ancestry from Banu Assad. These population migrations may have been favored by both the Nizam of Hyderabad and Tipu Sultan of Mysore because both had their ancestral linkages to these populations.The Asaf Jahi Dynasty claimed Arab ancestry from Asir Province and Tipu Sultan from the Bani Hashim of Hijaz Province in Arabia. Many Arabs having Adnani ancestry such as Quraishi, Ansari, Sayyid tribes and other descendants of the Sahaba were employed by the Princely States in their military as they were found efficient during warfare. In Kerala, Syed Thangals of Hadhrami descent settled around 17th century as missionaries to propagate Islam. There are also Shia Sayyids in Northern region of country who claim descent from Wasit, Iraq like Zaidis although many Arab genealogists dispute this fact. Sunni Sayyid of the country also claim Arab descent from Sufi missionaries. Most of the Sufis migrated from Persia. Sunni Sayyids claim their Arab ancestry through Imam Hassan or Imam Hussain in which case their names may be Hassani, Hussaini or Hashmi. Some also claim descent from both and are termed \"\"Najeeb AlTarfayn\"\" or \"Noble on both sides\". Many Sufi Saints such as Abdul-Qadir Gilani and Moinuddin Chishti and their descendants claim themselves as \"Najeeb AlTarfayn\" although many genealogists dispute this fact. Sunni Sheikhs also claim Arab descent from Sufis or migrants. They don't know their tribe but trace lineage from Umar - Farooqi, Abu Bakr- Siddiqui, Uthman - Usmani and Ali - Alawi or Mir, who established the Rashidun Caliphate. Many who can vaguely trace their lineage to the Quraish tribe call themselves QuraishiMany having the name Ansari claim their lineage to the Ansar tribes of Madina Munawwara and the companions of the Prophet Muhammad such as Abu Ayyub al-Ansari. Many of the present Sheikhs converted from Hindu castes such as Kayasth and Rajput.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Indian Scout (motorcycle)", "paragraph_text": "The Indian Scout is a motorcycle built by the Indian Motocycle Company from 1920 to 1949. It rivaled the Chief as Indian's most important model. The 101 Scout, made from 1928 to 1931, has been called the best motorcycle Indian ever made. A second line of Scouts, with lighter frames and reduced engine displacement, was introduced in 1932 alongside the Standard Scout, which replaced the 101 Scout and shared its frame with the Chief and the Four. The small-displacement Scout and the Sport Scout, introduced in 1934, were continued until the end of civilian production in 1942. Military versions of both models were used by US and other Allied forces during World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Destinations", "paragraph_text": "Girl Scout Destinations, formerly Wider Opportunities or Wider Ops, are events for individual Girl Scouts (ages 11 \u2013 18) hosted by GSUSA or individual Girl Scout councils. Most Destinations are held within the United States, though each year there are trips abroad, such as to allow participants to be part of the US delegation to another country's national jamboree, or a World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) World Centre. They can range from two days to three weeks long. Most events are geared toward specified grade levels: Girl Scout Cadettes (6th - 8th grade), Girl Scout Seniors (9th and 10th grade), or Girl Scout Ambassadors (11th and 12th grade). Girls must go through an application process and sometimes an interview process before being chosen for a Destination.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Art Laboe", "paragraph_text": "Art Laboe (born Arthur Egnoian on August 7, 1925) is an Armenian American disc jockey, songwriter, record producer, and radio station owner, generally credited with coining the term \"Oldies But Goodies\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Chinese Australians", "paragraph_text": "Chinese Australians () are Australian citizens of Chinese ancestry. Chinese Australians are one of the largest groups of Overseas Chinese people, forming the largest Overseas Chinese community in Oceania. Per capita, Australia has more people of Chinese ancestry than any country outside of Asia. Many Chinese Australians are immigrants from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and other countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines, while many are descendants of such immigrants. Chinese Australians are also a subgroup of Asian Australians and East Asian Australians and represent the single largest minority ethnicity in the country. As a whole, Australian residents identifying themselves as having Chinese ancestry made up 5.6% of those nominating their ancestry at the 2016 census and numbered 1,213,903.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Original Sound", "paragraph_text": "Original Sound is a Los Angeles, California-based record label. It was founded in the early 1950s by KPOP deejay Art Laboe. It began as a small label that specialized in compiling and re-releasing \"oldies\" R&B and rock 'n' roll songs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Interamerican Scout Jamboree", "paragraph_text": "The Interamerican Scout Jamboree is the biggest event of the Interamerican Scout Region. It is held every four years in a different country of the region. The host country is elected during the Interamerican Scout Conference. Ecuador was announced as the host of the 15th Interamerican Scout Jamboree at the XXV Interamerican Scout Conference in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 21 September 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "KOKO-FM", "paragraph_text": "KOKO-FM is a classic hits radio station broadcasting from Kerman, California, for the Fresno area with studio and office located in Los Angeles, California. KOKO 94 is the home for the Art Laboe Connection, and The Art Laboe Sunday Night Special. Laboe, by the way, is the station's owner. Its transmitter is in Kerman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Scout Tufankjian", "paragraph_text": "Scout Tufankjian is an Armenian-American photojournalist and author based in Brooklyn, New York. She is well known for her photos of American President Barack Obama during his campaign leading up to his presidency. She is also known for her photojournalism work on the Armenian diaspora.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Scout Promise", "paragraph_text": "Since the publication of \"Scouting for Boys\" in 1908, all Scouts and Girl Guides around the world have taken a Scout (or Guide) promise or oath to live up to ideals of the movement, and subscribed to a Scout Law. The wording of the Scout Promise (or Oath) and Scout Law have varied slightly over time and from country to country. Some national organization promises are given below. Although most Scouting and Guiding organizations use the word \"promise\", a few such as the Boy Scouts of America tend to use \"oath\" instead. Typically, Scouts and Guides will make the three-fingered Scout Sign when reciting the promise.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abb8ebe5542993f40c73b2d", "question_text": "What British made dance competition television series franchise did Claudia Albertario appear on?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["\"Dancing on Ice\" around the world"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia", "paragraph_text": "So You Think You Can Dance Scandinavia was an entry in the international \"So You Think You Can Dance\" franchise of dance competition television shows which represented Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Strictly Come Dancing", "paragraph_text": "Strictly Come Dancing (informally known as Strictly) is a British television dance contest, featuring contestants, celebrities, and other people, from all walks of life, with professional dance partners competing in a ballroom and Latin dance competition. Each couple is scored out of 10 by a panel of judges. The title of the show suggests a continuation of the long-running series \"Come Dancing\", with an allusion to the film \"Strictly Ballroom\". The format has been exported to over 40 other countries, and has also inspired a modern dance-themed spin-off \"Strictly Dance Fever\". The show is currently presented by Tess Daly and Claudia Winkleman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Claudia Albertario", "paragraph_text": "Claudia Albertario Rodr\u00edguez (] ; born May 16, 1977) is an Argentine model, vedette and actress of theatre, television and film. Her notable credits include \"Amigovios\" (1995), \"Como pan caliente\" (1996), \"Monta\u00f1a rusa, otra vuelta\" (1997), \"Chiquititas\" (1997\u20131999), \"Gasoleros\" (1998 and 1999), and \"Verano del '98\" (1998\u20132001). She also appeared on \"Dancing on Ice\" around the world.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Strictly Come Dancing (South African TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Strictly Come Dancing is a South African reality dance competition television series produced for SABC2 by Rapid Blue, based on the British show of the same name. It is broadcast live from the Carlton Centre Ballroom, Johannesburg, and it is hosted by Siphiwe Nhlapo. The show premiered in South Africa on SABC2 on Saturday 4 February 2006, at 20:00.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Dancing with the Stars is an American dance competition television series that premiered on June 1, 2005, on ABC. It is the US version of the UK series \"Strictly Come Dancing\". The show is hosted by Tom Bergeron, alongside Erin Andrews, who became co-host in season eighteen. Lisa Canning was co-host in the first season, Samantha Harris co-hosted seasons two through nine and Brooke Burke-Charvet in seasons ten through seventeen. On May 12, 2017, it was announced that the series has been renewed for season twenty six.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Live to Dance", "paragraph_text": "Live to Dance is a United States television reality program and dance competition on the CBS network based on the British series \"Got to Dance\". Dancers from all over the country auditioned for \"Live to Dance\" in \"specially constructed Dance Domes\". Resembling the British dance competition series \"Got to Dance\", the show was first shown on January 4, 2011, and was headlined by the \"American Idol\" judge Paula Abdul as lead judge with Andrew G\u00fcnsberg as host. Judging alongside Abdul were Kimberly Wyatt, the former member of Pussycat Dolls, and Michael Jackson's long-time choreographer Travis Payne. The show was intended to rival \"So You Think You Can Dance\" and unlike most other reality shows, allowed dancers of all ages to compete. The series was not renewed for a second season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dancing on Ice around the world", "paragraph_text": "Dancing on Ice is a British made dance competition television series franchise produced around the world. The format, devised by London Weekend Television and Granada Television for ITV, has been a prime-time hit in eight different countries, including Britain and subsequently in Italy and Chile. In Australia, where it was titled \"Torvill and Dean's Dancing on Ice\", it was axed after just one series owing to production costs.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Boogie Woogie Kids Championship", "paragraph_text": "Boogie Woogie Kids Championship was an Indian dance competition television series created and directed by Javed Jaffrey and Ravi Behl, owners of R&N TV Productions, for Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Entertainment Television Asia. Javed Jaffrey, Naved Jafri, and Ravi Behl are the permanent judges on the show.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Boogie Woogie (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Boogie Woogie was an Indian dance competition television series created and directed by Naved Jaffrey and Ravi Behl for Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Entertainment Television Asia. Debuting in 1996, the show was judged by Indian film actor and Television host Javed Jaffrey who was the permanent judge, while his brother Naved, also the director and producer of the show, co hosted the show along with film actor Ravi Behl. The early episodes were shot in Mehta Industrial Estate in Andheri, Mumbai and later, was also shot at other film studios in Mumbai including Natraj, Filmalaya, Filmistaan, Famous, Film City among others. It is the oldest dance reality show on Indian TV and it has become the longest show in India. In the earlier seasons, the judges assigned various themes to episodes, including Bollywood, Horror, Friendship among others. It was also co-hosted by Kadambari Shantshri Desai in season 1 and 2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Teriya Magar", "paragraph_text": "Teriya Phounja Magar is a dancer from Rudrapur, Rupandehi district, Nepal. Teriya Phounja Magar has become one of the famous celebrity of Nepal. She came into the public spot light during her performances on the dance competition television series \"Dance India Dance Li'l Masters\" which she won on 21 June 2014. She is also the winner of Colors TV dance reality show \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 9)\" which she won on 21 January 2017. Teriya Magar is the second daughter to her parents. Though her parents were expecting a son, but in present they are proud to be Teriya as their daughter.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abbf8bc5542993f40c73c35", "question_text": "Are both Viken Babikian and Don Manoukian American ?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nouvelle Star (season 6)", "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of Nouvelle Star aired from February 31 to June 13, 2008. Virginie Efira hosted her third season. Novelties of the season were brought with a change in the judging panel as Andr\u00e9 Manoukian remained as the only former jury member. Next to him, Lio, Sinclair and Philippe Man\u0153uvre judged the contestants for the first time. Also a veto power was introduced in which the judges had the right to save an eliminated contestant which they used at their very first opportunity. A similar element was later seen in the eighth season of \"American Idol\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Don Manoukian", "paragraph_text": "Donald J. Manoukian (June 9, 1934 \u2013 September 23, 2014) was an American football guard and professional wrestler of Armenian descent from Reno, Nevada.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Viken Babikian", "paragraph_text": "Viken L. Babikian is an American doctor of Armenian origin and professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine. Babikian attended the medical school at the American University of Beirut. He then went on to complete his Neurology residency at the University of Chicago Hospitals and a stroke fellowship at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He joined the Boston University Department of Neurology in 1986. He has been a pioneer in studying cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke, with numerous publications.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac274fc55429963665199c1", "question_text": "The host of PokerFace is from where?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Newcastle upon Tyne, England"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ant &amp; Dec", "paragraph_text": "Anthony McPartlin, OBE (born 18 November 1975) and Declan Donnelly, OBE (born 25 September 1975), known collectively as Ant & Dec, are an English comedy TV presenting, television producing, acting and former music duo from Newcastle upon Tyne, England.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Lai Van Sam", "paragraph_text": "L\u1ea1i V\u0103n S\u00e2m 1958 in Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese journalist, he was host of many television programs, such as \"\u0110\u1ea5u Tr\u00ed\" (\"PokerFace\"), \"\u0110\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng 100\" (\"1 vs 100\"), \"Chi\u1ebfc n\u00f3n k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\" (\"Wheel of Fortune\"), \"H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang\" (\"The Price Is Right\"), \"SV '96\", \"SV 2000\" and \"Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh\" and now he is the host of \"Ai l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa? \" (\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? \") and \"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef9\". He was also one of the founders of VTV3. He studied Hinduism for 12 years in the Soviet Union. On October 5, 2008 he received an award for being the most popular game show host of VTV.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "PokerFace", "paragraph_text": "PokerFace is a British game show broadcast on ITV, where one person is guaranteed to win \u00a31 million. The show was created by Ant & Dec, who also host it. As implied by the title, \"PokerFace\", is based on the bluffing aspect of poker games. The contestants do not necessarily need to get the questions right in order to win, and can bluff their way through the game and pressure their opponents into folding in order to win.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae382ee5542992e3233c430", "question_text": "The Prussian General Carl von Clausewitz is associated with what type of realism?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Modern thinkers associated with classical realism are Carl von Clausewitz"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Carl von Clausewitz", "paragraph_text": "Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) von Clausewitz ( ; 1 June 1780\u00a0\u2013 16 November 1831) was a Prussian general and military theorist who stressed the \"moral\" (meaning, in modern terms, psychological) and political aspects of war. His most notable work, \"Vom Kriege\" (\"On War\"), was unfinished at his death.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Classical realism (international relations)", "paragraph_text": "Classical Realism is a theory of International Relations established in the post-World War II era that seeks to explain international politics as a result of human nature. The theory is associated with thinkers such as Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes. Modern thinkers associated with classical realism are Carl von Clausewitz, Hans Morgenthau and Reinhold Niebuhr. Classical Realist thought has since been overshadowed by Neorealism after Kenneth Waltz' work became more widely accepted due to the rise of Structuralism in North American International Relations scholarship which favored the latter's emphasis on rationality rather than human nature as cause for political conflict.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "On War", "paragraph_text": "Vom Kriege (] ) is a book on war and military strategy by Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz (1780\u20131831), written mostly after the Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and published posthumously by his wife Marie von Br\u00fchl in 1832. It has been translated into English several times as On War. \"On War\" is actually an unfinished work; Clausewitz had set about revising his accumulated manuscripts in 1827, but did not live to finish the task. His wife edited his collected works and published them between 1832 and 1835. His 10-volume collected works contain most of his larger historical and theoretical writings, though not his shorter articles and papers or his extensive correspondence with important political, military, intellectual and cultural leaders in the Prussian state. \"On War\" is formed by the first three volumes and represents his theoretical explorations. It is one of the most important treatises on political-military analysis and strategy ever written, and remains both controversial and an influence on strategic thinking.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "War from the Ground Up", "paragraph_text": "War from the Ground Up: Twenty-First Century Combat as Politics is a 2012 book on war and military strategy written by Emile Simpson, a former British Army officer. The book analyzes the War in Afghanistan (2001\u2013present) in terms of Carl von Clausewitz's theory of war, arguing that modern counter-insurgencies have more in common with domestic political struggles than the traditional state-on-state conflicts described by Clausewitz. The book was favorably reviewed by Michael Howard, a prominent military historian, among others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Battle of Wavre", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Wavre was the final major military action of the Hundred Days campaign and the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought on 18\u201319 June 1815 between the Prussian rearguard, consisting of the Prussian III Corps under the command of General Johann von Thielmann (whose chief-of-staff was Carl von Clausewitz) and three corps of the French army under the command of Marshal Grouchy. A blocking action, this battle kept 33,000 French soldiers from reaching the Battle of Waterloo and so helping in the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Panzer Division Clausewitz", "paragraph_text": "Panzer-Division \"Clausewitz\" was a German panzer division during World War II, named for Carl von Clausewitz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "August Otto R\u00fchle von Lilienstern", "paragraph_text": "August Otto R\u00fchle von Lilienstern, born 1780, died 1847. Prussian officer, joined Scharnhorst's Academy for Officers in the same class as Carl von Clausewitz. Later, they both taught at the Prussian General War School, which would become the Prussian War Academy, and R\u00fchle became Clausewitz' second successor as its director. R\u00fchle published many articles, kept official war diaries, and wrote a two-volume \"Manual for the Officer for Education in Peace and for Use in Action\" (\"Handbuch f\u00fcr den Offizier zur Belehrung im Frieden und zum Gebrauch im Felde\"), published in Berlin in 1817 and 1818. Lilienstern and Clausewitz, teaching at the same school at the time of publication of this manual, were in agreement on many points. For example, they agreed that war was political in nature (which was neither a novel nor a controversial idea) and that war was a \"Zweikampf.\" (That is, literally a \"two-struggle,\" usually translated into English as \"duel,\" though in fact the imagery and metaphor that Clausewitz pursued was a wrestling match.) Clausewitz made these ideas famous in his book On War. Their common views on such issues can be traced to the nature of the military intellectual community in Prussia and the common influence of Scharnhorst.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Charles Roberts Awards Hall of Fame", "paragraph_text": "The Charles S. Roberts Awards Hall of Fame, formally known as the Clausewitz Award Hall of Fame, is named after legendary military writer Carl von Clausewitz. The recipients of this award have made an important contribution and left their mark on the contemporary hobby of military strategy games and simulations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Christopher Bassford", "paragraph_text": "Christopher Bassford (born 1953) is an American military historian, best known for his works on the Prussian military philosopher Carl von Clausewitz. Bassford graduated from the College of William and Mary with a degree in history and honors for his dissertation on tactical nuclear weapons and completed his MA in American diplomatic history at Ohio University. Subsequent to receiving his MA, he served five years on active duty as a U.S. Army field artillery officer, with tours in Korea and Germany. He completed a Ph.D. in modern European history at Purdue University and became director of studies in the theory and nature of war at the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) Command and Staff College, then associate professor of National Policy Issues at the U.S. Army War College. He was Professor of Strategy at the National War College (NWC), in Washington, D.C., from 1999 until 2012, when he joined the faculty of the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) as part of the JSOMA program supporting U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC). He is the webeditor of The Clausewitz Homepage, a large educational website that has been on-line since 1995.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Absolute war", "paragraph_text": "The concept of absolute war was a theoretical construct developed by the Prussian military theorist General Carl von Clausewitz in his famous but unfinished philosophical exploration of war, \"Vom Kriege\" (in English, \"On War\", 1832). It is discussed only in the first half of Book VIII (there are only a couple of references to it elsewhere) and it does not appear in sections of the text written later. This indicates that it was an experiment that failed and was meant to be dropped.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adbd68155429947ff173842", "question_text": "As former head of Orange County Ironworks, what has his hit TLC show called?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["American Chopper"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Orange County Water District", "paragraph_text": "The Orange County Water District (OCWD) is a California special district that manages the groundwater basin beneath central and northern Orange County, California. The groundwater basin provides a water supply to 19 municipal water agencies and special districts that serve more than 2.4 million Orange County residents. The Orange County Water District's service area covers approximately 350 square miles and the District owns approximately 1,600 acres in and near the Santa Ana River, which it uses to capture water flows for groundwater recharge. Additionally, OCWD owns approximately 2,150 acres of land above the Prado Dam in the Prado Reservoir and uses that land for water conservation, water storage and water quality improvements. OCWD's administrative offices and the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) facilities are located in Fountain Valley, while OCWD operates various groundwater recharge facilities located in Anaheim and Orange.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Paul Teutul Jr.", "paragraph_text": "Paul Michael Teutul (born October 2, 1974) was one of the stars of the American reality television series \"American Chopper\". He co-founded Orange County Choppers (OCC) with his father, Paul Teutul Sr. in 1999. Teutul was the chief designer and fabricator of OCC. Prior to this, Teutul was head of the rail shop at Orange County Ironworks. He was also responsible for designing the logo for OCC. He is the owner of Paul Jr. Designs, which manufactures custom motorcycles and sells branded clothing.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Orange County Sanitation District", "paragraph_text": "The Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) is a wastewater treatment facility that serves Orange County, California. It consists of two operating plants, referred to as Plant No. 1 located in Fountain Valley and Plant No. 2 located in Huntington Beach. It is the third largest wastewater treatment facility west of the Mississippi River. OCSD and the Orange County Water District were awarded the Stockholm Industry Water Award in 2008 for pioneering work to develop with Trojan Technologies (Canada) the Groundwater Replenishment System, the world\u2019s largest water purification plant for groundwater recharge. Orange County Sanitation District is commonly referred to as OCSD, though not to be confused with Orange County Sheriff's Department that shares the same acronym.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mayor of Orange County, Florida", "paragraph_text": "Mayor of Orange County, Florida is the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of County Commissioners. The Mayor is elected countywide. Before the approval by voters of a 2004 charter amendment, the position of Mayor was called \"Orange County Chairman\", which became an elected position in 1990. The Orange County mayor\u2019s post is the most powerful elected office in Central Florida. The current mayor of Orange County is Teresa Jacobs. Jacobs assumed office on January 4, 2011. The mayor is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the county government, overseeing over 7,000 employees with an annual budget of over $3 billion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Orange County Choppers", "paragraph_text": "Orange County Choppers (OCC) is a motorcycle manufacturer and lifestyle brand company based in the town of Newburgh, located in Orange County, New York, that was founded in 1999 by Paul Teutul Sr., and Paul Teutul Jr. The company was featured on \"American Chopper\", a reality TV show that debuted in September 2002 on the Discovery Channel. The series moved to Discovery Channel's sister channel TLC in 2007. Following cancellation of the Discovery series, the company was also featured on \"Orange County Choppers\" on the CMT network in 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Troublesome Creek Ironworks", "paragraph_text": "Troublesome Creek Ironworks, originally called Speedwell Furnace, is a historic iron furnace and archaeological site located near Monroeton, Rockingham County, North Carolina. The ironworks were established by 1770, and remained in operation into the early 20th century. After the Battle of Guilford Courthouse on March 15, 1781, General Nathanael Greene's troops camped at the ironworks to plan for a second attack by Cornwallis. George Washington visited the ironworks during his southern tour of 1791.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Orange County Health Department", "paragraph_text": "The Florida Department of Health in Orange County is the county health department in Orange County, Florida, formerly known as Orange County Health Department, charged with protecting the health and safety of visitors and residents of that county. The estimated daytime population of Orange County is 1.5 million people. Orange County has an estimated 55 million visitors per year including the major theme parks of Walt Disney World, Universal Orlando, and SeaWorld. The county seat is Orlando, Florida.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Leslie Segrete", "paragraph_text": "Leslie Segrete ( ; born February 28, 1975) is an American designer, seamstress, carpenter, and television personality. She is best known for her work on the TLC show \"While You Were Out\", which concluded a four-year run in 2006, She also appeared as a designer on \"Trading Spaces\" and \"Ugliest House on the Block\". She currently co-hosts \"The Money Pit Home Improvement Radio Show\" with Tom Kraeutler. In 2014, she joined the television show \"Hotel Impossible\" as a designer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Orange County Line", "paragraph_text": "The Orange County Line is a commuter rail line run by Metrolink from Los Angeles through Orange County to Oceanside in San Diego County, connecting with the Coaster commuter rail service to San Diego. The Orange County Line carries passengers to the primary Metrolink hub at Union Station in downtown Los Angeles, as well as to many attractions in Orange County including Angel Stadium of Anaheim and the Honda Center, the Disneyland Resort, Old Town Orange, and Mission San Juan Capistrano.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Orange County School of the Arts", "paragraph_text": "Orange County School of the Arts (OCSA), colloquially called \"OH-sha\", which is retained from a mispronunciation of the previous acronym for the previous name of the school (respectively \"Orange County High School of the Arts\" and \"OCHSA\"), is a 7th\u201312th grade public charter school located in downtown Santa Ana, Orange County, California, United States. The school caters to middle and high school students with talents in the performing, visual, literary arts, and culinary arts. The educational program prepares students for higher education institutions or employment in the professional arts industry. Both the academic and arts program have prompted recognition in the US News' \"Best High Schools\" program. OCSA recently changed its school name from \"Orange County High School of the Arts\" (OCHSA) to \"Orange County School of the Arts\" to reflect the inclusion of middle school students.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae328f45542991a06ce993c", "question_text": "On which station did the 2014 South Korean television series, starring the main rapper of boyband SS501, air?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["KBS2"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Kim Hyung-jun", "paragraph_text": "Kim Hyung-jun (; born August 3, 1987) is a South Korean entertainer, lead rapper and youngest member of boyband SS501 and SS301.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kim Hyun-joong", "paragraph_text": "Kim Hyun-joong (; born June 6, 1986) is a South Korean actor and singer, and the leader and main rapper of boyband SS501.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ok Taec-yeon", "paragraph_text": "Ok Taec-yeon (; born December 27, 1988), known mononymously as Taecyeon, is a South Korean rapper, singer, songwriter, actor and entrepreneur. He is the main rapper of the South Korean boy group 2PM.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Boys Over Flowers (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Boys Over Flowers () is a 2009 South Korean television series starring Lee Min-ho, Ku Hye-sun, Kim Hyun-joong (of SS501), Kim Bum, Kim Joon (of T-Max) and Kim So-eun. It aired on KBS2 from January 5 to March 31, 2009 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 for 25 episodes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Park Jung-min (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Park Jung-Min (; born: April 3, 1987) is a South Korean singer, entertainer, actor, and a member of boyband SS501.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Rap Monster", "paragraph_text": "Kim Nam-joon (Hangul:\u00a0\uae40\ub0a8\uc900 ; born September 12, 1994), better known as Rap Monster, is a South Korean rapper, songwriter, and record producer. He is the main rapper and songwriter of the South Korean boy group BTS, managed under Big Hit Entertainment. In 2015, he released his first solo mixtape, \"RM\". To date, he has recorded with artists such as Wale, Warren G, Gaeko, Krizz Kaliko, MFBTY, and Primary.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Baro (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Cha Sun-woo (born September 5, 1992), better known by his stage name Baro, is a South Korean singer, rapper, and actor. He is the main rapper of South Korean boy group B1A4 and debuted alongside with the group on the stage of MBC \"Show! Music Core\" on April 23, 2011. He made his acting debut through the hit 2013 cable drama \"Reply 1994\" and additionally received critical acclaim for his role in the 2014 drama \"God's Gift - 14 Days\". Baro won 12 medals in Idol Star Athletics Championships with 3 golds, 7 silvers and 2 bronzes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Heo Young-saeng", "paragraph_text": "Heo Young-Saeng (; born: November 3, 1986) is a South Korean entertainer and the main vocalist of boyband SS501. He's also the leader of 'Double S 301'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Inspiring Generation", "paragraph_text": "Inspiring Generation () is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Kim Hyun-joong, Im Soo-hyang and Jin Se-yeon. It aired on KBS2 from January 15 to April 3, 2014 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 24 episodes.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Kim Kyu-jong", "paragraph_text": "Kim Kyu Jong (; born February 24, 1987) is a South Korean entertainer, actor, and a member of boyband SS501.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abf8cc35542990832d3a14e", "question_text": "when was the retired Jamaican sprinter which Richard Thompson is, 0.99 seconds slower than born ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["born 21 August 1986"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Devon Morris", "paragraph_text": "Devon Morris (born 1961-01-22) is a retired Jamaican sprinter who mainly competed in the 400 metres. He won this distance at the 1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and his personal best time was 45.49 seconds achieved during the 1987 World Championships. At the 1988 Summer Olympics he won a silver medal with the Jamaican team in 4 x 400 metres relay. He was an Earl Mellis Former Olympic Sprinter. Devon Morris is currently working as the Facility Director at Jubilee World.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Patrick O'Connor (athlete)", "paragraph_text": "Patrick Earl O'Connor (born 17 September 1966 in St. Catherine) is a retired Jamaican sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres. He won a bronze medal in 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay at the 1991 World Championships, together with teammates Seymour Fagan, Devon Morris and Winthrop Graham.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Byron LaBeach", "paragraph_text": "Byron LaBeach (born 11 October 1930 in Kingston, Jamaica) is a retired Jamaican sprinter who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He also won gold medals at the Central American and Caribbean Games with the Jamaican 4\u00d7100 metres relay and 4\u00d7400 metres relay teams. He is the brother of Panamanian sprinter Lloyd La Beach.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Juliet Campbell (athlete)", "paragraph_text": "Juliet Jean Campbell (born 17 March 1970 in Kingston) is a retired Jamaican sprinter, who specialized in the 200 and 400 metres. She also competed on the successful Jamaican team in both 4 x 100 m and 4 x 400 m relay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Richard Thompson (sprinter)", "paragraph_text": "Richard \"Torpedo\" Thompson (born 7 June 1985) is a sprinter from Cascade, Trinidad and Tobago who specializes in the 100\u00a0metres. He is the 9th best 100\u00a0meters runner of all time and the Trinidad and Tobago record holder with a personal best of 9.82. He occasionally runs the 200\u00a0meters and he has the second fastest time by a Trinidad and Tobago athlete and the 127th best of all-time from all countries in a best time of 20.18, 0.99 seconds slower than the World Record holder Usain Bolt.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Una Morris", "paragraph_text": "Una Lorraine Morris (born January 17, 1947) is a retired Jamaican sprinter. She competed at the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics in eight sprint events in total, with the best achievement of fourth place in the 200 metres in 1964. She won a bronze medal in the 4\u00d7100 metres relay at the 1967 Pan American Games. in 1963 and 1964 she was chosen as Jamaican Sportswoman of the Year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Usain Bolt", "paragraph_text": "Usain St Leo Bolt ( ; born 21 August 1986) is a retired Jamaican sprinter. He is the first person to hold both the 100 metres and 200 metres world records since fully automatic time became mandatory. He also holds the world record as a part of the 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay. He is the reigning Olympic champion in these three events. Because of his dominance and achievements in sprint competition, he is widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Floyd Brown (athlete)", "paragraph_text": "Floyd Brown (born 8 September 1957) is a retired Jamaican sprinter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Michael Green (sprinter)", "paragraph_text": "Michael Green (born 7 November 1970 in Trelawny) is a retired Jamaican sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres. Michael Green attended William Knibb Memorial High and graduated in May 1989 where he dominated the 100m. Green's nickname at William Knibb was 'Roach'. After graduating from William Knibb as the fastest male in 1989, Green was awarded a scholarship to attend Clemson University. Michael Green and 100m World Record setting sprinter Usain Bolt are former students at William Knibb Memorial High School.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Evon Clarke", "paragraph_text": "Evon Clarke (born 2 March 1965) is a retired Jamaican sprinter.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab4341c55429942dd415ede", "question_text": "The Sh\u014dgitai were an elite corps of which shogunate?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Tokugawa shogunate"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of Hyakka Ry\u014dran Samurai Girls episodes", "paragraph_text": "Hyakka Ry\u014dran: Samurai Girls is a 2010 anime television series based on the light novels written by Akira Suzuki and illustrated by Ni\u03b8, published by Hobby Japan. Produced by ARMS, the series is directed by KOBUN; series composition by Ryunosuke Kingetsu; music by Tatsuya Kato; produced by Hisato Usui, Ry\u016bji Sekine, Shinsaku Tanaka, and Takuro Hatakeyama; character designs by Tsutomu Miyazawa; with narration in early episodes provided by Fumihiko Tachiki. The series takes place in Great Japan, an alternate version of Japan where the Tokugawa shogunate remained active and has remained isolated from the rest of the world, and the story centers on Muneakira Yagyu, a young man attending Buou Academic School, an academy located at the base of Mount Fuji where elite nobles train to become samurai warriors. His life takes a sudden turn when he meets Jubei Yagyu, a mysterious girl who fell from the sky naked who later becomes his first \"Master Samurai\" after receiving a kiss from her.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Zionism in the Age of the Dictators", "paragraph_text": "Zionism in the Age of the Dictators is a 1983 work by American Trotskyist Lenni Brenner. The book makes the argument that Zionist leaders collaborated with Fascism, particularly in Nazi Germany, in order to build up a Jewish presence in Palestine. One edition of the book features on its cover a medal struck by Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels to commemorate a visit by Leopold von Mildenstein of the Nazi SS elite corps to Palestine as a guest of the Zionist Federation of Germany.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Tanaka Shinbei", "paragraph_text": "Tanaka Shinbei (\u7530\u4e2d \u65b0\u5175\u885b , 1832 \u2013 July 11, 1863) was one of the four members of the hitokiri, elite samurai, active in Japan during the late Tokugawa shogunate in the 1860s. The hitokiri including Shinbei were working under the command of Takechi Hanpeita, the leader of the Loyalists of Tosa, who sought to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate and restore the Emperor of Japan to power.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sipahi", "paragraph_text": "Sipahi (Ottoman Turkish: \u0633\u067e\u0627\u0647\u06cc \"sip\u00e2hi\"\u200e , ] ) were two types of Ottoman cavalry corps, including the fief-holding provincial \"timarli sipahi\", which constituted most of the army, and the regular \"kapikulu sipahi\", palace troops. Other types of cavalry which were not regarded \"sipahi\" were the irregular \"ak\u0131nc\u0131\" (\"raiders\"). The \"sipahi\" formed their own distinctive social classes, and were notably in rivalry with the Janissaries, the elite corps of the Sultan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bakumatsu", "paragraph_text": "Bakumatsu (\u5e55\u672b , bakumatsu , \"the end (\"matsu\") of the military government (\"baku\", short for \"bakufu\" \"tent-government\")) refers to the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867 Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as \"sakoku\" and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the pre-modern empire of the Meiji government. The major ideological-political divide during this period was between the pro-imperial nationalists called \"ishin shishi\" and the shogunate forces, which included the elite shinsengumi swordsmen.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Corps Austria Frankfurt am Main", "paragraph_text": "Corps Austria is a member Corps of the K\u00f6sener Senioren-Convents-Verband, the association of the oldest student fraternities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Corps Austria is \"pflichtschlagend\", which refers to the fact that it requires of its members to participate in several organized duel-like fencing engagements with members of other specific student fraternities, a ritual dating back to the 17th century and described by Mark Twain in his book \"A tramp abroad\". The Corps Austria is further considered \"farbentragend\" in that its members wear a colored sash (right shoulder to left waist) across their chests as evidence of their membership of the fraternity. Both of these tendencies are characteristic of the most traditional and often very elite all-male fraternities in countries for central Europe. Eligible applicants are students of the Goethe University Frankfurt and other colleges in Frankfurt, Germany. Members of Corps Austria are colloquially referred to as \"Austrianer\", or simply \"Austern\". Corps Austria was founded in 1861 at the Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague and moved to the newly established Goethe University Frankfurt in 1919.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "45th Rattray's Sikhs", "paragraph_text": "The 45th Rattray's Sikhs was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to the 1st Bengal Military Police Battalion raised in April 1856, at Lahore, by Captain Thomas Rattray originally consisting of a troop of 100 cavalry and 500 infantry. The initial class composition of the troops was 50% Sikhs and 50% Dogras, Rajputs and Mussulmans (Muslims) from the Punjab and the North-West Frontier. It is said that he went through the villages challenging men to wrestle with him on the condition that they had to join up. Whatever the case, the regiment was raised and trained and developed as an elite corps, which soon saw action in Bihar (then part of Eastern Bengal) in the Sonthal 'purghanas'. After sterling service in Bihar, Bengal and Assam, and during the 1857 Mutiny, the cavalry portion was eventually disbanded in 1864 and the infantry section was taken into the line of Bengal Native Infantry as the '45th (Rattray's Sikh) Native Regiment of Infantry'.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Imperial Guard (Russia)", "paragraph_text": "The Russian Imperial Guard, officially known as the Leib Guard (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0439\u0431-\u0433\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u044f \"leyb-gvardiya\", from German \"Leib\" \"Body\"; cf. Life Guards / Bodyguard) were military units serving as personal guards of the Emperor of Russia. Peter the Great founded the first such units following the Prussian practice in the 1690s, to replace the politically motivated Streltsy. The Imperial Guard subsequently increased in size and diversity to become an elite corps of all branches within the Imperial Army rather than Household troops in direct attendance on the Tsar. Numerous links were however maintained with the Imperial family and the bulk of the regiments of the Imperial Guard were stationed in and around Saint Petersburg in peacetime.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Fifth Regiment", "paragraph_text": "The Fifth Regiment (Spanish: \"Quinto Regimiento\" , full name \"Quinto Regimiento de Milicias Populares\"), was an elite corps loyal to the Spanish Republic at the onset of the Spanish Civil War. Made up of volunteers, the Fifth Regiment was active in the first critical phase of the war and became one of the most renowned units loyal to the Republic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sh\u014dgitai", "paragraph_text": "The Sh\u014dgitai (\u5f70\u7fa9\u968a, lit. \"League to Demonstrate Righteousness\") was an elite corps of the Shogunate during the Bakumatsu period in Japan. The Sh\u014dgitai took a large part in the battles of the Boshin war, especially at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, and the Battle of Ueno, where they were nearly exterminated.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a87ab9b5542996e4f3088c2", "question_text": "In what century did this Native warrior and chief, whose brother Tenskwatawa led the Tippecanoe order of battle, become the primary leader of a large, multi tribal confederacy?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["nineteenth"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Battle of Fallen Timbers", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Fallen Timbers (August 20, 1794) was the final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between Native American tribes affiliated with the Western Confederacy, including support from the British led by Captain Alexander McKillop, against the United States for control of the Northwest Territory (an area north of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and southwest of the Great Lakes). This land had been ceded to the United States in accordance with the Treaty of Paris (1783), but the Native Americans (who had not been party to the treaty) refused to comply with the treaty and relinquish control. British army bases were maintained there to support their Native allies. This ultimately led to the American offensive and subsequent British-Indian withdrawal from the territory altogether following the Treaty of Greenville. The battle, which was a decisive victory for the United States, ended major hostilities in the region until Tecumseh's War and the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kasi (Pashtun tribe)", "paragraph_text": "The Kasi (Pashto: \u06a9\u0627\u0633\u064a\u200e ) or Kansi (Pashto: \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u200e ) are a Pashtun supertribe son of Kharshbun son of Sarban tribal confederacy, primarily found in Pakistan, and Afghanistan. A large part of the Kasi tribe live in the city of Quetta Balochistan, and Pakistan. Another large part of the Kasi confederacy is known as Shinwari, mainly settled in the eastern valleys of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan and around Landi Kotal in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Kohat District Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Prophetstown State Park", "paragraph_text": "Prophetstown State Park, named after Tenskwatawa (\"The Prophet\"), a religious leader and younger brother of Shawnee leader Tecumseh, is located near the town of Battle Ground, Indiana, United States, about a mile east of the site of the Battle of Tippecanoe. Established in 2004, it is Indiana\u2019s newest state park. The park is home to the Museum at Prophetstown, which recreates a Native American village and a 1920s-era farm.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Tippecanoe order of battle", "paragraph_text": "The following units of the U.S. Army and state militia forces under Indiana Governor William Henry Harrison, fought against the Native American warriors of Tecumseh's Confederacy, led by Chief Tecumseh's brother, Tenskwatawa \"The Prophet\" at the battle of Tippecanoe on November 7, 1811.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Tecumseh", "paragraph_text": "Native American Shawnee warrior and chief, who became the primary leader of a large, multi-tribal confederacy in the early years of the nineteenth century. Born in the Ohio Country (present-day Ohio), and growing up during the American Revolutionary War and the Northwest Indian War, Tecumseh was exposed to warfare and envisioned the establishment of an independent Indian nation east of the Mississippi River under British protection and worked to recruit additional members to his tribal confederacy from the southern United States.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tecumseh's Confederacy", "paragraph_text": "Tecumseh's Confederacy was a group of Native Americans in the Old Northwest that began to form in the early 19th century around the teaching of Tenskwatawa (The Prophet). The confederation grew over several years and came to include several thousand warriors. Shawnee leader Tecumseh, the brother of The Prophet, developed into the leader of the group as early as 1808. Deemed a threat to the United States, a preemptive strike against the confederation was launched resulting in the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe. Under Tecumseh's leadership, the confederation went to war with the United States during Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812. Following the death of Tecumseh in 1813 the confederation fell apart.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Battle of Tippecanoe", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Tippecanoe ( ) was fought on November 7, 1811, in what is now Battle Ground, Indiana, between American forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and Native American warriors associated with the Shawnee leader Tecumseh. Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa (commonly known as \"The Prophet\") were leaders of a confederacy of Native Americans from various tribes that opposed US expansion into Native territory. As tensions and violence increased, Governor Harrison marched with an army of about 1,000 men to disperse the confederacy's headquarters at Prophetstown, near the confluence of the Tippecanoe and Wabash Rivers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tenskwatawa", "paragraph_text": "Tenskwatawa (also called Tenskatawa, Tenskwatawah, Tensquatawa or Lalawethika) (January 1775\u00a0\u2013 November 1836) was a Native American religious and political leader of the Shawnee tribe, known as the Prophet or the Shawnee Prophet. He was a younger brother of Tecumseh, leader of the Shawnee. In his early years Tenskwatawa was given the name Lalawethika (\"He Makes a Loud Noise\" or \"The Noise Maker\"), but he changed it around 1805 and transformed himself from a hapless, alcoholic youth into an influential spiritual leader. Tenskwatawa denounced the Americans, calling them the offspring of the Evil Spirit, and lead a purification movement that promoted unity among the American Indians, rejected acculturation to the American way of life, and encouraged his followers to pursue traditional ways.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ziri ibn Atiyya", "paragraph_text": "Ziri ibn Atiyya (Berber language: Ziri n \u0190a\u1e6diyya Ame\u0263raw) also known as Ziri ibn Atiyya ibn Abd Allah ibn Tab\u0101dalt ibn Muhammad ibn Khazar az-Zan\u0101t\u012b al-Maghr\u0101w\u012b al-Khazar\u012b (died 1001) was the first tribal leader of the Berber Maghrawa tribal confederacy and kingdom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Zafar, Yemen", "paragraph_text": "\u1e92af\u0101r or Dhafar (Ar \u0638\u0641\u0627\u0631) \"\u00d0af\u0101r \" (museum: UTM: 435700E, 1571160 N zone 38P, 14\u00b012'N, 44\u00b024'E, deviating slightly from Google Earth) is an ancient Himyarite site situated in Yemen, some 130\u00a0km south-south-east of today's capital, Sana'a. Given mention in several ancient texts, there is little doubt about the pronunciation of the name. Despite the opinion of local patriots in Oman, this site in the Yemen is far older than its namesake there. It lies in the Yemenite highlands at some 2800 m. The closest large town is Yarim, which is 10\u00a0km directly to the north-north-west. Zafar was the capital of the Himyarites (110 BCE - 525 CE), which at its peak ruled most of the Arabia. The Himyar are not a tribe, but rather a tribal confederacy. For 250 years the confederacy and its allies combined territory extended past Riyadh to the north and the Euphrates to the north-east. Zafar was the Himyarite capital in Southern Arabia prior to the Aksumite conquest.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7cd66a554299452d57ba90", "question_text": "Which band had more members, Semisonic or Cake?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Cake"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Five Style", "paragraph_text": "Five Style (a name taken from a martial arts technique called \"Five Style Fist\"), also known as 5ive Style, is a Chicago-based funk/jam quartet. Their albums were released on the Subpop label in the 1990s. The group existed from about 1993-2000 in various incarnations, centered on the guitar work of Billy Dolan (who has also played in Heroic Doses, and The Fire Theft which featured 3 members of Sunny Day Real Estate, among other projects). Other members were major players of the 1990s Chicago music scene and included bassist Leroy Bach (of Chicago funk group Uptighty, the first Liz Phair studio band, and Wilco fame), drummer John Herndon (aka \"Johnny Machine\", who made his first appearances on record in \"Tool of the Man\" era Poster Children and became established as a longstanding drummer/percussionist in Tortoise), and keyboardist Jeremy Jacobsen (also known as The Lonesome Organist and member of Euphone). Drummer Ryan Rapsys, also of Euphone and Gauge, filled in on drums on a January 2000 tour when they opened for Giant Sand and Vic Chesnutt. 5ive Style were the opening act in a brief May 1996 tour which also included The Sea and Cake and Tortoise; by some accounts these dates were the best shows of the Chicago \"post-rock\" hey day.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Deathray", "paragraph_text": "Deathray (1998\u20132007) was a band from Sacramento, California, formed by former Cake members Greg Brown and Victor Damiani, and Dana Gumbiner, a musician formerly of the Sacramento indie band Little Guilt Shrine.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Princess Chelsea", "paragraph_text": "Chelsea Nikkel, better known by her stage name Princess Chelsea, is an experimental producer and musician from Auckland, New Zealand, and a previous member of twee pop band The Brunettes and Auckland band Teenwolf. Nikkel is associated with the Lil' Chief Records collective and is a part-time member of Auckland soul group The Cosbys and Disciples of Macca, a Paul McCartney covers band featuring members of The Brunettes, Ruby Suns, Bressa Creeting Cake and Lawrence Arabia and more recently performs as bass player in three piece rock n roll band 'Hang Loose'. Nikkel works in Auckland as a composer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Trip Shakespeare", "paragraph_text": "Trip Shakespeare was an American rock band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the late 1980s/early 1990s. The band included Dan Wilson and John Munson, who would later go on to be founding members of Semisonic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "New York Cake", "paragraph_text": "New York Cake is a 1981 Italo disco album by Italian band Kano, recorded for Full Time Records and released in the United States under Mirage label. It has been produced by its members, namely Luciano Ninzatti, Matteo Bonsanto, Stefano Pulga. The album features Italian Top 3 hit \"Baby Not Tonight\" and American #89 Hit \"Can't Hold Back (Your Loving)\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Slice The Cake", "paragraph_text": "Slice The Cake was an international Progressive Deathcore group spanning from Australia, England, and Sweden. Formed in 2009, the trio consisted of vocalist Gareth Mason, instrumentalist Jonas Johansson, and composer Jack \"Magero\" Richardson. Although the band members are all from different countries, they have played a couple shows with stand-ins. They released one EP and 3 full length albums before they disbanded. Their albums have been released to critical acclaim. <br>", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Semisonic", "paragraph_text": "Semisonic is an American rock band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1995. The band had three members: Dan Wilson (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), John Munson (bass guitar, backing vocals, keyboards, guitar), and Jacob Slichter (drums, percussion, keyboards). They are best known for their 1998 single \"Closing Time\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Cake Like", "paragraph_text": "Cake Like was an all-female indie rock band based in New York City. Its members were bassist and lead singer Kerri Kenney, drummer Jody Seifert, and vocalist and guitarist Nina Hellman. The band came together in 1993 when Kenney and Hellman met at New York University's Experimental Theater Wing, decided to form a band, and were joined by Hellman's roommate Seifert. The members had never played music before and so developed their own unique style. Their songs often play out like poetry set to erratic guitar-rock. They soon attracted the attention of John Zorn, who signed the band to his Avant Records label, which released their first LP. Ric Ocasek, formerly of The Cars, produced their follow-up EP. Subsequently, Neil Young signed the band to his Vapor Records label, which released their second and third LPs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cake (band)", "paragraph_text": "Cake (stylized CAKE) is an American alternative rock band from Sacramento, California. Consisting of singer John McCrea, trumpeter Vince DiFiore, guitarist Xan McCurdy, bassist Gabe Nelson and drummer Paulo Baldi, the band has been noted for McCrea's sarcastic lyrics and monotone vocals, DiFiore's trumpet parts, and their wide-ranging musical influences, including country music, Mariachi, rock, funk, Iranian folk music and hip hop.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7dbb295542990b8f503a4b", "question_text": "Which Russian professional ice hockey player, known as the Magic Man, was the final recipient of the NHL Plus-Minus Award?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Pavel Valerievich Datsyuk"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Paul Postma", "paragraph_text": "Paul Edward Postma (born February 22, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 205th overall in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft by the Atlanta Thrashers. During his major junior career with the Swift Current Broncos and Calgary Hitmen of the Western Hockey League (WHL) Postma won the WHL Plus-Minus Award and was a WHL East First Team All-Star in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Andrei Loktionov", "paragraph_text": "Andrei Vyacheslavovich Loktionov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u043e\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432 ; born 30 May 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey player currently playing on a try-out basis with the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). Drafted by the Kings in the fifth round, 128th overall, at the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, Loktionov has also previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) within the New Jersey Devils organization and the Carolina Hurricanes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "NHL Plus-Minus Award", "paragraph_text": "The NHL Plus-Minus Award was a trophy awarded annually by the National Hockey League to the ice hockey \"player, having played a minimum of 60 games, who leads the league in plus-minus statistics.\" It was sponsored by a commercial business, and it had been known under five different names. First given for performance in the  season, Wayne Gretzky won the award the most times, three, and also led the League once prior to the inception of the Award. Bobby Orr has led the League the most times in plus-minus, with six, all prior to the inception of the Award. The Award was discontinued after being awarded to Pavel Datsyuk following the  season.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Pavel Datsyuk", "paragraph_text": "Pavel Valerievich Datsyuk (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0301\u043a , ] ; born 20 July 1978) also known as The Magic Man is a Russian professional ice hockey player and captain for SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). His NHL rights are currently being held by the Arizona Coyotes. He previously played for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 2001 to 2016 before retiring from the NHL. On January 27, 2017, in a ceremony during the All-Star Weekend in Los Angeles, Datsyuk became part of the second group of players to be named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history, and was the only active player outside of the NHL at the time of announcement.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Niklas Sundstr\u00f6m", "paragraph_text": "Lars Niklas Sundstr\u00f6m (born June 6, 1975) is a former professional ice hockey player who started his professional career in Modo Hockey. He was drafted eighth overall in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Rangers. He was also on Wayne Gretzky's line. He was not known for his goal scoring ability, but for his defensive play. He was traded to the San Jose Sharks in 1999, and to the Montreal Canadiens in 2003. Sundstr\u00f6m plays forward and specializes in defensive roles. When he was a junior player he formed a line in Modo with future NHL stars Peter Forsberg and Markus N\u00e4slund. He wore the number 24 for the San Jose Sharks and the New York Rangers but wore the number 37 for the Montreal Canadiens. After 11 NHL seasons, he returned to play in Sweden at the start of the 2006\u201307 season, leading Modo to a surprise title during his first season, scoring several vital goals in the playoffs. He formed an effective partnership with Norwegian Per-\u00c5ge Skr\u00f8der, leading to Skr\u00f8der winning the top scorer rankings in 2009. Modo still missed the playoffs that year, despite Sundstr\u00f6m having the best plus-minus rating in the entire series. On December 3, 2013, Sundstr\u00f6m officially announced his retirement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Mikhail Yunkov", "paragraph_text": "Mikhail Yunkov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u042e\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432 ; born February 16, 1986 in Voskresensk, USSR) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for Avangard Omsk in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). In the 2004 NHL Entry Draft, Mikhail was drafted 62nd overall in the 2nd round by the Washington Capitals. He is the brother of Alexander Yunkov, who is also a professional ice hockey player.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ruslan Bashkirov", "paragraph_text": "Ruslan Bashkirov (born March 7, 1989) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. Bashkirov is currently a member of Amur Khabarovsk of the Russian KHL. On June 23, 2007, he was drafted in the second round, 60th overall, by the Ottawa Senators in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft held in Columbus, Ohio. He is 6'0\" tall and weighs 184 pounds. He plays as a forward, and shoots left. He is the twin brother of ice hockey player Roman Bashkirov.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Brad McCrimmon", "paragraph_text": "Byron Brad McCrimmon (March 29, 1959 \u2013 September 7, 2011) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and coach. He played over 1,200 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers, Calgary Flames, Detroit Red Wings, Hartford Whalers and Phoenix Coyotes between 1979 and 1997. He achieved his greatest success in Calgary, where he was named a second team All-Star in 1987\u201388, played in the 1988 NHL All-Star Game and won the Plus-Minus Award with a league leading total of +48. In 1989, he helped the Flames win their first Stanley Cup championship. His career plus-minus of +444 is one of the highest totals in NHL history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Brian Smith (ice hockey, born 1940)", "paragraph_text": "Brian Desmond \"Smitty\" Smith (September 6, 1940 \u2013 August 2, 1995) was a Canadian professional hockey player and sportscaster. Smith was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of former professional ice hockey player Des Smith and brother of former professional hockey goaltender Gary Smith. Smith was a professional ice hockey player from 1960 to 1973, playing in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Los Angeles Kings and Minnesota North Stars. Following his hockey career, Smith was a broadcaster for CJOH-TV in Ottawa until 1995, when he was shot and killed by gunman Jeffrey Arenburg.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mikael Lindholm", "paragraph_text": "Mikael Lindholm (born 19 December 1964 in G\u00e4vle, Sweden) is a former professional ice hockey player who played for the Los Angeles Kings in the National Hockey League. His son Elias Lindholm is a professional ice hockey player and was selected by the Carolina Hurricanes in the 1st round (5th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. . Mikael is the father of the NHL hockey player, Elias Lindholm and the uncle of Calle J\u00e4rnkrok.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abb9ad4554299642a094abe", "question_text": "Which terrorist group was the cause of the battle in which Mark E. Michell won an award for his actions?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["al-Qaeda"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Iraultza", "paragraph_text": "Iraultza (Basque for Revolution) was a small Basque militant armed group of leftist tendency. Seven of the group would die preparing explosive devices. On June 27, 1986, a bomb claimed by Iraultza mangled a young worker called Jos\u00e9 Miguel Moros Pe\u00f1a in Portugalete. The victim would die in Cruces Hospital (Barakaldo) on August 13, 1986. The group is also known for being described by the United States Government as \"probably [having] committed more bombings against American business interests than any other European terrorist group\". Soon after, the group, which had been active for about a decade with small attacks of explosives that never aimed to cause any personal injuries, announced its dissolution. When the group was operational, it is estimated that it had approximately 20 members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Battle of Qala-i-Jangi", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Qala-i-Jangi (also incorrectly referred to as the \"Battle of Mazar-i-Sharif\") was a prisoner-of-war camp uprising that took place between November 25 and December 1, 2001, in northern Afghanistan, following the armed intervention by United States-led coalition forces to try to overthrow the Taliban's Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, which it had accused of harboring al-Qaeda operatives.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Filiberto Ojeda R\u00edos", "paragraph_text": "Filiberto Ojeda R\u00edos (April 26, 1933 \u2013 September 23, 2005) was the commander-in-chief (\"Responsable General\") of the Boricua Popular Army (\"Ej\u00e9rcito Popular Boricua, a.k.a., Los Macheteros\"). According to an unsigned article in the \"Los Angeles Times\", Los Macheteros was \u201ca terrorist group seeking Puerto Rico's independence.\u201d The group campaigned for, and supported, the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States. In 2001, FBI Director Louis J. Freeh claimed the group was linked to acts of terrorism, but Ronald Fernandez, scholar of Puerto Rican history, suggests such labeling was an act of political convenience by the United States Government, intended to \"shift the blame for any attacks on U.S. policy or personnel from us to them\". R\u00edos was also a founder of the FALN. In a 1983 New York Times article, Robert McFadden described the FALN as a Puerto Rican terrorist organization responsible for bombings during the 1970s and early 1980s \"in the name of Puerto Rican independence\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mark E. Mitchell", "paragraph_text": "Mark E. Mitchell is the current Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict of the United States Department of Defense. A retired Colonel, Mitchell was the first member of the United States Army to be awarded the Distinguished Service Cross during the War in Afghanistan and was the first to receive the award since the Vietnam War. In 2003, he received the award for his actions during the Battle of Qala-i-Jangi, which took place in late November \u2013 early December 2001.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mark E. Curry", "paragraph_text": "Mark E. Curry (born February 13, 1968) is an American financial technology entrepreneur and philanthropist. Curry is the founder of SOL Partners, Reform Online Lending, Executive Pride and the Mark E. Curry Family Foundation. In December 2016, Curry acquired the Puerto Rican newspaper NotiCel. Curry is a native of Tonganoxie, Kansas and currently resides in San Juan, Puerto Rico.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Sayeed Salahudeen", "paragraph_text": "Syed Mohammed Yusuf Shah, popularly known as Syed Salahudeen, is the head of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen, a terrorist group operating in Kashmir, and head of an alliance of anti-India militant groups, the United Jihad Council, that works to annex the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir to Pakistan . Salahuddin vowed to block any peaceful resolution to the Kashmir conflict, threatened to train more Kashmiri suicide bombers, and vowed to turn the Kashmir valley \u201cinto a graveyard for Indian forces.\u201d He is listed on the NIA Most Wanted list. On 26 June 2017, he was named as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist by the US Department Of State. After being designated as a Global terrorist, he addressed the Pakistani Media at Muzaffarabad\u2019s Centre Press Club, claiming that \"The declaration was a joint move by the US, Israel, and India to express their animosity towards Pakistan.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Combat Terrorist Organization", "paragraph_text": "Combat Terrorist Organization or Autonomous Combat Terrorist Organization (rus. \u0411\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f) was a Russian radical Neo-Nazi terrorist group based in Saint Petersburg from 9 August 2003 to 2006. It was formed by two members of the \"Mad Crowd\" skinhead organization, Dmitriy Borovikov and Voevodin Alexey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Valerio Fioravanti", "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Valerio \"Giusva\" Fioravanti (born 28 March 1958) is an Italian who, with Francesca Mambro, was a leading figure in a far right terrorist group \"Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari\" (\"Armed Revolutionary Nuclei\" or NAR). Fioravanti appeared in films and television from a young age, and in his early teens was the most famous child in Italy. He and Mambro were fugitives wanted for terrorist offences by their early twenties, they spent a further period on the run while wanted for the Bologna bombing. Both were captured after gunfights with police. Although Fioravanti, Mambro and a third NAR mamber were convicted of the bombing, there were those who thought that a higher level of the conspiracy was never uncovered. Fioravanti and Mambro admit carrying out terrorist murders, but have always denied any involvement in the Bologna station bomb.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Soldiers of Egypt", "paragraph_text": "Soldiers of Egypt (Ajnad Misr in Arabic) is an active Salafist Islamist militant group that has been operating near Cairo, Egypt. The groups was founded by Humam Muhammed in 2013, after he split away from the Ansar Bait al-Maqdis militant group. The group claims that its attacks are \"retribution\" for the August 2013 Rabaa Massacre; notably, the group targets only security forces. It has warned civilians of the presence of bombs that it has placed. The Cairo Court for Urgent Matters declared the group a terrorist group on 22 May 2014. It has been a Proscribed Organisation in the United Kingdom under the Terrorism Act 2000 since November 2014. The United States Department of State designated it a terrorist organization on 18 December 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Patty Hearst", "paragraph_text": "Patricia Campbell \"Patty\" Hearst (born February 20, 1954), now known as Patricia Hearst Shaw, is the granddaughter of American publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. She became nationally known for events following her 1974 kidnapping while she was a 19-year-old student living in Berkeley, California. Hearst was abducted by a small left-wing terrorist group with only 20 members known as the Symbionese Liberation Army. After being isolated and threatened with death, she became supportive of their cause, making propaganda announcements for them and taking part in illegal activities.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a836a2d554299334474600f", "question_text": "What ended the career of the German composer of Bunte Blatter?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["hand injury"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bunte Bl\u00e4tter", "paragraph_text": "Bunte Bl\u00e4tter, Op. 99, is a collection of piano pieces by Robert Schumann, assembled from earlier unpublished pieces after the success of the \"Album for the Young\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Robert Schumann", "paragraph_text": "Robert Schumann (8\u00a0June 181029\u00a0July 1856) was a German composer and influential music critic. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the study of law, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist. He had been assured by his teacher Friedrich Wieck that he could become the finest pianist in Europe, but a hand injury ended this dream. Schumann then focused his musical energies on composing.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Georg Joseph Vogler", "paragraph_text": "Georg Joseph Vogler, also known as Abb\u00e9 Vogler (June 15, 1749 \u2013 May 6, 1814), was a German composer, organist, teacher and theorist. In a long and colorful career extending over many more nations and decades than was usual at the time, Vogler established himself as a foremost experimenter in baroque and early classic music. His greatest successes came as performer and designer for the organ at various courts and cities around Europe, as well as a teacher, attracting highly successful and devoted pupils such as Carl Maria von Weber. His career as a music theorist and composer however was mixed, with contemporaries such as Mozart believing Vogler to have been a charlatan. Despite his mixed reception in his own life, his highly-original contributions in many areas of music (particularly musicology and organ theory) and influence on his pupils endured, and combined with his eccentric and adventurous career, prompted one historian to summarize Vogler as \"one of the most bizarre characters in the history of music\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "\u00c9tienne-Joseph Floquet", "paragraph_text": "\u00c9tienne-Joseph Floquet (23 November 174810 May 1785) was a French composer, mainly of operas. He was born in Aix-en-Provence and began his career by writing church music, before moving to Paris in 1767. There, Floquet made a name for himself with the requiem he wrote for the funeral of the composer Jean-Joseph de Mondonville in 1772. Floquet's first work for the Paris Op\u00e9ra, the \"ballet h\u00e9ro\u00efque\" \"L'union de l'amour et les arts,\" was a triumph, enjoying 60 performances between its premiere in September 1773 and January 1774. The audience at the premiere was so enthusiastic that the performance had to be stopped several times because of the applause and, at the final curtain, Floquet was presented on stage, the first composer in the history of the Paris Op\u00e9ra to enjoy such an honour. However, the arrival of the German composer Christoph Willibald Gluck in Paris later that year changed French musical taste and Floquet's style became unfashionable. After the failure of his next opera, \"Azolan\", Floquet decided to travel to Italy to perfect his musical education. There he studied composition under Nicola Sala in Naples and counterpoint under Padre Martini in Bologna, where he turned momentarily back to church music composing a \"Te deum\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Johann Valentin Meder", "paragraph_text": "Johann Valentin Meder (baptised May 3, 1649 \u2013 July 1719) was a German composer, organist, and singer. (He is not to be confused with the German composer Johann Gabriel Meder, born in 1755 in Erfurt, and active in Amsterdam until 1800; nor is there evidence that the two men were related.)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cassiber", "paragraph_text": "Cassiber were a German avant-rock group founded in 1982 by German composer and saxophonist Alfred Harth, German composer, music-theatre director and keyboardist Heiner Goebbels, English drummer Chris Cutler from Henry Cow and German guitarist Christoph Anders. They recorded five albums, toured extensively across Europe, Asia and North America, and disbanded in 1992.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Heinrich Sch\u00fctz", "paragraph_text": "Heinrich Sch\u00fctz (] ; 18 October\u00a0[O.S. 8 October]\u00a01585 \u2013 6 November 1672) was a German composer and organist, generally regarded as the most important German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach and often considered to be one of the most important composers of the 17th century. He wrote what is traditionally considered to be the first German opera, \"Dafne\", performed at Torgau in 1627, the music of which has since been lost.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "J\u00f3zsef \u00c1cs (musician)", "paragraph_text": "J\u00f3zsef \u00c1cs (born 1948) is a German composer, and classical pianist and composer of Hungarian origin. A graduate of the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest and the Robert Schumann Hochschule in D\u00fcsseldorf, he won the first prize for piano at the \"German Music Competition\" in the Beethovenhalle in Bonn. He is particularly renowned for his recitals of Franz Liszt, and has done work in conjunction with the Vatican Archives. More recently he has been performing the works of Italian composer Ruggero Leoncavallo. He composed a completion of Leoncavallo's Requiem which was a fragment. \u00c1cs also wrote a small mass for choir and organ called, \"Weihnachtslieder-Messe.\" Appropriate for the Christmas season, this joyful mass incorporates two Christmas tunes, In dulci jubilo, and Es kommt ein Schiff geladen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Duo Goebbels/Harth", "paragraph_text": "The Duo Goebbels/Harth (1975\u20131988), combining German composer, music-theatre director and keyboardist Heiner Goebbels and German composer, multi-media artist and saxophonist Alfred 23 Harth became famous for its adaptation of and departure from European composers, especially Hanns Eisler, implemented in a provocatively fresh manner into structured free improvisations and deploying content from areas beyond music. The duo was nicknamed the \u201cEisler brothers\u201d by music critic W.Liefland. They later also experimented with different genres and sound collages, including electronic devices. The duo played in many international festivals and concerts in cities as diverse as Tel Aviv, Zagreb, West and East Berlin and South America.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Carl Heinrich Graun", "paragraph_text": "Carl Heinrich Graun (7 May 1704 \u2013 8 August 1759) was a German composer and tenor singer. Along with Johann Adolph Hasse, he is considered to be the most important German composer of Italian opera of his time.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abb03325542992ccd8e7eae", "question_text": "The magazine that nominated George Rainsford for their Best Actor award in 2017 comes out every week on what day of the week?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Tuesday"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jean-Louis Trintignant", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Louis Xavier Trintignant (] ; born 11 December 1930) is a French actor, screenwriter and director who has enjoyed international acclaim. He won the Best Actor Award at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival as well as the Best Actor Award at the C\u00e9sar Awards 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Peter Finch", "paragraph_text": "Frederick George Peter Ingle Finch (28 September 191614 January 1977) was an English-born Australian actor. He is best remembered for his role as \"crazed\" television anchorman Howard Beale in the film \"Network\", which earned him a posthumous Academy Award for Best Actor, his fifth Best Actor award from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, and a Best Actor award from the Golden Globes. He was the first of two persons to win a posthumous Academy Award in an acting category, and coincidentally also the first of the two Australian actors to have done so, the other being Heath Ledger.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "George Rainsford (actor)", "paragraph_text": "George Rainsford (born 31 July 1982) is an English actor, best known for his portrayal of Jimmy Wilson in the medical drama \"Call the Midwife\" and Ethan Hardy in \"Casualty\", for which he has been nominated for a Best Actor award in the 2017 TV Choice Awards.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "NFL regular season", "paragraph_text": "The National Football League (NFL) regular season begins the weekend after Labor Day in early September and ends in December or early January. It consists of 256 games, where each team (32 total) plays 16 games during a 17-week period. Since 2012, the NFL schedule generally has games in one of five time slots during the week. A game played on Thursday night, kicking off at 8:25 PM (ET). The majority of games are played on Sunday, most kicking off at 1:00 PM (ET), some late afternoon games starting at 4:05 or 4:25 PM (ET). Additionally, one Sunday night game is played every week at 8:30 PM (ET). One Monday night game then starts at 8:30 PM (ET) every week with the exception of the first week of the regular season, in which two Monday night games are played back-to-back (the second game always occurring on the West coast), as well as the last week of the season, in which no Monday night game is held. In addition to these regularly scheduled games, there are occasionally games at other times, such as a Saturday afternoon or evening, or the annual Thanksgiving Day games in which three games are played. During the final week of the regular season, all games are held on Sunday.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Avtaar", "paragraph_text": "Avtaar is a 1983 film starring Rajesh Khanna and Shabana Azmi. It was directed by Mohan Kumar, and the music was by Laxmikant Pyarelal. Rajesh Khanna did achieve success from \"Amardeep\" and \"Prem Bandhan\" onwards, but this was Rajesh Khanna's biggest hit film in terms of box office collections after his bad phase from 1976 to 1978. Avtaar was a commercial hit, and was critically acclaimed. It also earned several Filmfare nominations. However Rajesh Khanna missed the Best Actor award to Naseeruddin Shah for Masoom. In 1986 Mohan Kumar made Amrit with Rajesh Khanna in the lead as an old man but with different story line. Rajesh Khanna bagged All-India Critics Association (AICA) Best Actor Award for his performance in this film for the year 1983.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Caleb Knight", "paragraph_text": "Caleb \"Cal\" Knight is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama \"Casualty\", played by actor Richard Winsor. He first appeared in the series twenty-eight episode \"Brothers at Arms\", broadcast on 18 January 2014. Winsor had previously auditioned for a role in \"Casualty's\" spin-off show \"Holby City\". Producers were impressed and recalled him to read for the part of Cal. Winsor's casting was announced alongside George Rainsford who was hired to play Cal's brother Ethan Hardy. The pair had to pass a screen test together as producers were looking for a strong sibling chemistry. Cal's role in the show is a Specialist registrar in emergency medicine. He was originally introduced as a locum. The medic is played as a lothario and womaniser type character. He can manipulate those around him with charm to better his career. Writers gave Cal a backstory detailing the difficult relationship with his father and brother. Despite having the same parents Cal and Ethan had different upbringings, which sets up a sibling rivalry. Their relationship has been important in the development of both characters. Executive producer Oliver Kent has called the character consistent because when faced with trauma, Cal gets drunk, sleeps with women and makes a fool of himself.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Vikram", "paragraph_text": "Vikram is an Indian Tamil film actor. After making his cinematic debut in the 1990 film \"En Kadhal Kanmani\", he acted in a series of small-budget Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. It was Bala's tragedy film \"Sethu\" (1999) that established Vikram in the Tamil film industry. In the early 2000s Vikram appeared in a series of masala films\u2014\"Dhill\", \"Gemini\", \"Dhool\" and \"Saamy\" all becoming commercially successful. During this period, Vikram performed diverse roles and received critical acclaim for his performances in \"Kasi\" and \"Samurai\". In 2003, Vikram's performance as an autistic gravedigger in \"Pithamagan\" won a lot of acclaim and secured his first National Film Award for Best Actor. His portrayal as an innocent man with multiple personality disorder in Shankar's \"Anniyan\" was commercially successful. The film also fetched him a Filmfare Best Actor Award. Vikram's portrayal as a tribal leader in Mani Ratnam's \"Raavanan\" saw him secure further acclaim. He is only the third actor to receive a National Film Award for Best Actor in the Tamil film industry. Vikram is known for his intense performances, with his work often fetching critical acclaim and commercial success. He has won a National Film Award and seven Filmfare Awards South, of which five are Best Actor awards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Shabbir Jan", "paragraph_text": "Shabbir Jan is a Pakistani television actor who has appeared in many drama serials, such as Wafa, \"Makan\", \"Andata\", Survival of a Woman, \"Zindagi Dhoop Tum Ghana Saya\", \"Umrao Jaan\", \"Jangloos\" and \"Shab e Gham\" and individual play and serials. He won three times PTV best actor award. He has been a nominee once for the Best Actor award in the Lux Style Award, 2002. He has worked television for 33 years and still working.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "TV Choice", "paragraph_text": "TV Choice is a British weekly TV listings magazine published by H. Bauer Publishing, the UK subsidiary of family-run German company Bauer Media Group. It features weekly TV broadcast programming listings, running from Saturday to Friday, and goes on sale every Tuesday. A double issue is released to cover the Christmas & New Year period at a higher price.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ethan Hardy", "paragraph_text": "Ethan Hardy is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama \"Casualty\", played by actor George Rainsford. He first appeared in the series twenty-eight episode \"Bad Timing\", broadcast on 11 January 2014. Rainsford's casting was announced alongside Richard Winsor who had been hired to play Ethan's brother Caleb Knight. The pair were described by the show's executive producer Oliver Kent as completely different characters who would change the dynamic on he \"Casualty\". Ethan is a Specialist registrar in emergency medicine and is an excellent medic who had worked hard to achieve his position in the profession. He is characterised as a shy, socially awkward person with a serious and attentive attitude. Throughout his inclusion in the show Ethan has shared an on-screen friendship with like minded Lily Chao (Crystal Yu). He has had romantic stories alongside the character Honey Wright (Chelsee Healey). Writers developed Ethan's relationship with his brother Cal into a sibling rivalry. This has provided both characters with dramatic stories.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae764a85542997b22f6a720", "question_text": "In what New York town did Glenn Martin Hughes attend high school?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mineola, New York"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lydia Patterson Institute", "paragraph_text": "Lydia Patterson Institute is a Methodist Christian college-preparatory school located in El Paso, Texas, United States. Founded in 1913, it offers programs for Spanish-speaking children, primarily from Juarez, to attend high school in the United States and attend an American undergraduate university. All high school classes are taught in English, and the school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Red Valley/Cove High School", "paragraph_text": "Red Valley/Cove High School is a high school in the community of Red Valley, Arizona, also serving Cove, Arizona. It is operated by the Red Mesa Unified School District. It was created to allow students in the Red Valley and Cove area to attend high school within Arizona; prior to Red Valley/Cove's opening, these areas were served by schools in New Mexico.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Education in the Republic of Macedonia", "paragraph_text": "The Constitution mandates free and compulsory primary and secondary education in the Republic of Macedonia, and the Law on Primary Education specifies that all children from 6 to 15 years of age attend school for a compulsory 9 years. The Law on High School Education specifies that all adolescents from the ages of 15 - 19 must attend high school for 4 years (or 3 years - depending on the type of school)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Chaminade High School", "paragraph_text": "Chaminade High School is a Roman Catholic college preparatory high school for boys in Mineola, New York, United States. The school was founded in 1930 by the Society of Mary (Marianists), an international Roman Catholic teaching order of priests and religious brothers. The school is named after William Joseph Chaminade, S.M. (1761\u20131850), who founded the Marianist order in 1817, and who was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2000. Operated by the Marianists, Chaminade is independent of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre. The student body numbers over 1,700, mostly from Nassau and Suffolk counties, as well as neighboring New York City. The administration and faculty consists of both Marianists and lay men and women.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Glenn Hughes (Village People)", "paragraph_text": "Glenn Martin Hughes (July 18, 1950 \u2013 March 4, 2001) was the original \"Biker\" character in the disco group Village People from 1977 to 1996. He graduated in 1968 from Chaminade High School, then attended Manhattan College, where he was initiated as a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity in 1969. He was interested in motorcycles, and was working as a toll collector at the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel when he responded to an advertisement by composer Jacques Morali seeking \"macho\" singers and dancers. Hughes and other members of the band were given a crash course in the synchronized dance choreography that later typified the group's live performances.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Wallace L. W. Sargent", "paragraph_text": "Sargent was born in Elsham, North Lincolnshire, the son of a gardener and a housecleaner, and grew up in Winterton, Lincolnshire. Sargent was the first person in his family to attend high school, and the first student from his high school to ever attend college. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Manchester in 1956, and his Ph.D. in 1959 from the same institution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Laramie High School (Wyoming)", "paragraph_text": "Laramie High School (LHS) is a high school (grades 9-12) in Laramie, Albany County, Wyoming, United States. In the Albany County School District, high school begins in the 9th grade (freshman year); 9th grade students are now able to attend high school in Laramie due to the building of a new high school. Many LHS students concurrently attend classes at Laramie County Community College (Albany County Campus), or the University of Wyoming.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Milford High School (Massachusetts)", "paragraph_text": "Milford High School (also known as MHS) is the secondary school for the district of Milford, Massachusetts, Milford Public Schools. It is one choice for Milford students to attend high school. Another is Blackstone Valley Regional Vocational Technical High School. The principal is Mr. Joshua Otlin. The assistant principals are Ms. Sissela Tucker (House A) and Mr. Richard Piergustavo (House B).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Rich Central High School", "paragraph_text": "Rich Central High School or RCHS is a public four-year high school located in Olympia Fields, Illinois, a southern suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. The Rich Central Campus serves the cities of Matteson, Richton Park, Country Club Hills, Chicago Heights, Tinley Park, and parts of Olympia Fields. It is a part of Rich Township District 227, which also includes Rich East High School and Rich South High School. Although the school is located in Olympia Fields, it does not serve the entire village. Some Olympia Fields students attend high school at Homewood-Flossmoor High School and Bloom High School, depending on the subdivision where the student resides.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "East Lyme High School", "paragraph_text": "East Lyme High School is a high school located in the Flanders Village region of East Lyme, Connecticut. It is operated by East Lyme Public Schools. The mascot is Sven the Viking. Students from the town of Salem, Connecticut in grades 9 through 12 attend high school in East Lyme (as they have no high school of their own); this will be the case until at least 2016 when the current co-op agreement between the two towns expires.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abd077055429965836004f4", "question_text": "Who created and mostly wrote the show that Idris Akuna Elba played Stringer Bell in?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["David Simon"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Wire", "paragraph_text": "The Wire is an American crime drama television series set and produced in Baltimore, Maryland. Created and primarily written by author and former police reporter David Simon, the series was broadcast by the cable network HBO in the United States. \"The Wire\" premiered on June 2, 2002, and ended on March 9, 2008, comprising 60 episodes over five seasons.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "D'Angelo Barksdale", "paragraph_text": "D'Angelo \"D\" Barksdale is a fictional character on the HBO drama \"The Wire\", played by Larry Gilliard Jr. D'Angelo is the nephew of Avon Barksdale and a lieutenant in his drug dealing organization which controls most of the trade in West Baltimore. The immorality and ruthlessness of the drug trade gradually wears on his conscience, bringing him into conflict with the Barksdale leadership, most notably Stringer Bell.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Proposition Joe", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Stewart, better known as \"Proposition Joe\" or \"Prop Joe\", is a fictional character on the HBO drama \"The Wire\", played by actor Robert F. Chew. Joe was an Eastside drug lord who preferred a peaceful solution to business disputes when possible. He was responsible for creating the lucrative New Day Co-Op with Stringer Bell, supplying much of Baltimore with heroin brought into the city by \"The Greeks\". Joe was a portly and amiable presence, but was often a match in wits for rival drug lords Avon Barksdale and Marlo Stanfield, and was able to manipulate most situations to his advantage. His nickname stemmed from his trademark phrase \"I've got a proposition for you\", going back to his days selling test answers on the school yard. Along with Poot Carr, Wee-Bey Brice, Omar Little, and Bubbles, he is one of the few characters from the drug trade to appear in every season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bodie Broadus", "paragraph_text": "Preston \"Bodie\" Broadus is a fictional character on the HBO drama series \"The Wire\", played by actor J. D. Williams. Bodie is initially a rough, low-level drug dealer, but matures throughout the series and slowly rises through the ranks. Bodie is an intelligent and disciplined lieutenant, showing strong loyalty to the Barksdale Organization even after most of its members get imprisoned or killed. Bodie is a relatively goodhearted character who sticks to his principles, but at times he can be violent, such as when he takes part in the murder of a friend and fellow dealer on orders from Stringer Bell. His relationship with the police is also dynamic. He is initially hostile towards all police, but eventually earns the respect of Officer Jimmy McNulty. He is also the only character to move his crew from the Barksdale Organization to the Marlo Stanfield crew.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Avon Barksdale", "paragraph_text": "Avon Randolph Barksdale is a fictional character in \"The Wire\", played by Wood Harris. Avon is one of the most powerful drug dealers in Baltimore, Maryland, running the Barksdale Organization. Stringer Bell is his second in command, insulating Avon from law enforcement and potential enemies. Working for Avon and Bell is a large organization of drug dealers and enforcers. Accepting nothing less than absolute power, Avon is shrewd and intuitive, although not as cerebral as Stringer. Avon was partly based on real-life gang leader Nathan Barksdale who ran a drug selling operation in West Baltimore.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Target (The Wire)", "paragraph_text": "\"The Target\" is the pilot episode of the HBO original series \"The Wire\". The episode was written by David Simon from a story by Simon and Ed Burns and was directed by Clark Johnson. It originally aired on June 2, 2002. The title refers to Detective Jimmy McNulty setting his sights on Stringer Bell and Avon Barksdale's drug-dealing organization as the target of an investigation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Wallace (The Wire)", "paragraph_text": "Wallace is a fictional character on the HBO drama \"The Wire\", played by actor Michael B. Jordan. Wallace is a 16-year-old drug dealer for the Barksdale Organization, who works in the low-rise projects crew known as \"The Pit\" with his friends and fellow dealers Bodie and Poot. When information he provides leads to the brutal death of Brandon Wright, the boyfriend of stick-up artist Omar Little, Wallace feels guilty and tries to leave the drug trade. He informs on the Barksdale Organization to the police, and as a result is killed by Bodie and Poot under orders by drug kingpin Stringer Bell.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Idris Elba", "paragraph_text": "Idris Akuna Elba {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} ( , born 6 September 1972) is an English actor, producer, musician, and DJ. He is known for playing the narcotrafficker Stringer Bell in the HBO series \"The Wire\", DCI John Luther on the BBC One series \"Luther\", and Nelson Mandela in the biographical film \"\" (2013). He has been nominated four times for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film, winning one, and was nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy Award.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Stringer Bell", "paragraph_text": "Russell \"Stringer\" Bell is a fictional character in \"The Wire\", played by Idris Elba. Bell serves as drug kingpin Avon Barksdale's second-in-command, assuming direct control of the Barksdale Organization during Avon's imprisonment. Bell attends economics classes at Baltimore City Community College and maintains a personal library, including a copy of Adam Smith's \"The Wealth of Nations\". He attempts to legitimize the Barksdale Organization and insulate himself from direct criminality through money laundering and investments in housing development, aided through his buying of influence from politicians.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Maurice Levy (The Wire)", "paragraph_text": "Maurice \"Maury\" Levy is a fictional character in the HBO drama \"The Wire\", played by Michael Kostroff. He is a skilled defense attorney and was kept on retainer by the Barksdale Organization, representing the organization's members at trials and advising Avon Barksdale and Stringer Bell on how to avoid investigations for drug trafficking. Levy is corrupt and unscrupulous, willing to aid his clients in furtherance of their criminal activity.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77a9df55429967ab10521c", "question_text": "What British novelist born in November 1898 wrote Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Clive Staples Lewis"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mary Eliza Haweis", "paragraph_text": "Mary Eliza Haweis, n\u00e9e Joy (21 February 1848, in London \u2013 24 November 1898, in Bath, Somerset), was an English author of books and essays, particularly for women, a scholar of Chaucer, illustrator and painter. She was the daughter of the painter Thomas Musgrave Joy, wife of the Rev. Hugh Reginald Haweis and mother of painter Stephen Haweis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Elizabeth von Arnim", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth von Arnim (31 August 1866 \u2013 9 February 1941), born Mary Annette Beauchamp, was an Australian-born British novelist. By marriage she became Countess von Arnim-Schlagenthin, and after her second marriage she was styled as Elizabeth Russell, Countess Russell. Although known in her early life as Mary, after the publication of her first book, she was known to her readers, eventually to her friends, and finally even to her family as Elizabeth and she is now invariably referred to as Elizabeth von Arnim. She also wrote under the pen name Alice Cholmondeley.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Barbara Trapido", "paragraph_text": "Barbara (Louise) Trapido, born 1941 as Barbara Schuddeboom, is a British novelist born in South Africa with German, Danish and Dutch ancestry. Born in Cape Town and growing up in Durban she studied at the University of Natal gaining a BA in 1963 before emigrating to London. After many years teaching, she became a full-time writer in 1970.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Walter Karig", "paragraph_text": "Walter Karig (13 November 1898 - 30 September 1956) was a prolific author, who served as a US naval captain. Karig wrote a number of works on Allied naval operations during World War II. He also wrote scripts for the television series \"Victory at Sea\". Besides his works on naval history, Karig was a novelist, publishing under his own name, and a journalist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Oriwa Tahupotiki Haddon", "paragraph_text": "Oriwa Tahupotiki Haddon (7 November 1898\u201317 June 1958) was a New Zealand Methodist minister, pharmacist, artist and broadcaster. Of M\u0101ori descent, he identified with the Ngati Ruanui iwi. He was born in Waitotara, Wanganui, New Zealand on 7 November 1898.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Grantchester Grind", "paragraph_text": "Grantchester Grind is a novel written by Tom Sharpe, a British novelist born in 1928 who was educated at Lancing College and then at Pembroke College, Cambridge.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Surprised by Joy", "paragraph_text": "Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life is a partial autobiography published by C. S. Lewis in 1955. Specifically, the book describes the author's conversion to Christianity which had taken place 24 years earlier.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "William Black (novelist)", "paragraph_text": "William Black (13 November 1841 \u2013 10 December 1898) was a novelist born in Glasgow, Scotland. During his own lifetime Black's novels were immensely popular, and were compared favourably with those of Anthony Trollope. However, his fame and popularity did not survive long into the twentieth century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Robert Edric", "paragraph_text": "Robert Edric (born 14 April 1956) is the pseudonym of Gary Edric Armitage, a British novelist born in Sheffield. Nick Rennison has suggested that Edric might be \"the finest and most adventurous writer of historical fiction of his generation\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "C. S. Lewis", "paragraph_text": "Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 \u2013 22 November 1963) was a British novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian, broadcaster, lecturer, and Christian apologist. He held academic positions at both Oxford University (Magdalen College, 1925\u20131954) and Cambridge University (Magdalene College, 1954\u20131963). He is best known for his works of fiction, especially \"The Screwtape Letters\", \"The Chronicles of Narnia\", and \"The Space Trilogy\", and for his non-fiction Christian apologetics, such as \"Mere Christianity\", \"Miracles\", and \"The Problem of Pain\".", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac1c9a15542994ab5c67e1c", "question_text": "What is the population of the city in which the first edition of the South American Youth Olympic Games were held?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["more than 10 million"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rowing at the Youth Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "Rowing has featured as a sport at the Youth Olympic Summer Games since its first edition in 2010. The Youth Olympic Games are multi-sport event and the games are held every four years just like the Olympic Games. Summer Youth Olympics racing is held over a course over 1000m course as appossed to 2000m course used at the Olympics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sailing at the Youth Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "Sailing has featured as a sport at the Youth Olympic Summer Games since its first edition in 2010. The Youth Olympic Games are multi-sport event and the games are held every four years just like the Olympic Games. With sailing limited to four events sailing has chosen to feature athlete under 16 in two disciplines. This allows older youth competitors in sailing to focus on the Olympic disciplines through events like the ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships as the games could permit sailors up to 18 years old.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2010 Summer Youth Olympics medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, officially known as the Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games (YOG), were an international multi-sport event held in Singapore from 14 to 26 August 2010. The event was the inaugural Youth Olympic Games, and it saw 3,531 athletes between 14 and 18 years of age competing in 201 events in 26 sports. This medal table ranks the 204 participating National Olympic Committees (NOCs) by the number of gold medals won by their athletes. The Kuwait Olympic Committee was suspended by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) prior to the Games, but Kuwaiti athletes were allowed to participate and the country is listed in the table, bearing the Olympic flag.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "2018 Summer Youth Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The Buenos Aires 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games (Spanish: 'Juegos Ol\u00edmpicos de la Juventud de 2018' ) is the third edition of the Summer Youth Olympics, a major international sports in which culture and education are also of great importance, are due to be celebrated in the tradition of the Summer Olympic Games on 6\u201318 October 2018 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It will be the first Summer Youth Olympic Games to be held outside Asia and the first Youth Games for either summer or winter to be held outside Eurasia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2014 Summer Youth Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games (officially known as II Summer Youth Olympic Games) (Chinese: \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u590f\u5b63\u9752\u5e74\u5967\u6797\u5339\u514b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f1a) were the second Summer Youth Olympic Games, an international sports, education and cultural festival for teenagers, held from 16 to 28 August 2014 in Nanjing, China.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lima", "paragraph_text": "Lima ( , ] , Quechua: ] , Aymara: ] ) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chill\u00f3n, R\u00edmac and Lur\u00edn rivers, in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population of more than 10 million, Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the third-largest city in the Americas (as defined by \"city proper\"), behind S\u00e3o Paulo and Mexico City.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Brazil at the Youth Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Brazil has participated at the Youth Olympic Games since the inaugural Summer edition in 2010. As of 2014, Brazil has attended to every edition of the Summer and Winter Youth Olympic Games hosted so far. Brazil is currently ranked 13th on the Summer Games all-time medal table and the country has not yet won a medal at the Winter Youth Olympic Games.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "2012 Winter Youth Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 Winter Youth Olympic Games (German: \"Olympische Jugend-Winterspiele 2012\"), officially known as the I Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG), were an international multi-sport event for youths that took place in Innsbruck, on 13\u201322 January 2012. They were the inaugural Winter Youth Olympics, a major sports and cultural festival celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games. Approximately 1100 athletes from 70 countries competed. The decision for Innsbruck to host the Games was announced on 12 December 2008 after mail voting by 105 International Olympic Committee (IOC) members. Innsbruck is the first city to host three winter Olympic events, having previously hosted the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Athletics at the Youth Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "Athletics has featured as a sport at the Youth Olympic Summer Games since its first edition in 2010. The Youth Olympic Games are multi-sport event and the games are held every four years just like the Olympic Games. Athletes under the age of 18 can participate in the Games. This age group corresponds with the youth category of athletics competition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "South American Youth Games", "paragraph_text": "The South American Youth Olympic Games (Spanish: \"Juegos Suramericanos de la Juventud\"; Portuguese: \"Jogos Sul-Americanos da Juventude\") is a regional multi-sport event organized by the Organizaci\u00f3n Deportiva Suramericana (ODESUR). The games are held every four years consistent with the current Olympic Games format. The first edition was held in Lima, Per\u00fa, from 20 to 29 September 2013. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab8f3235542991b5579f084", "question_text": "What number president was Annie Caputo nominated by to become a member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["45th"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Energy Reorganization Act of 1974", "paragraph_text": "The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (Pub.L. 93\u2013438 , 88\u00a0Stat. 1233 , enacted \u00a011, 1974 , codified at 42 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 5801) is a United States federal law that established the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, a single agency, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, had responsibility for the development and production of nuclear weapons and for both the development and the safety regulation of the civilian uses of nuclear materials. The Act of 1974 split these functions, assigning to the Energy Research and Development Administration (now the United States Department of Energy) the responsibility for the development and production of nuclear weapons, promotion of nuclear power, and other energy-related work, and assigning to the NRC the regulatory work, which does not include regulation of defense nuclear facilities. The Act of 1974 gave the Commission its collegial structure and established its major offices.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Annie Caputo", "paragraph_text": "Annie Caputo is an American political advisor and government official. Currently serving as senior policy advisor for Chairman John Barrasso (R-WY) on the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, she is President Donald Trump's nominee to become a member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of a five-year term expiring on June 30, 2021.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Anti-nuclear movement in the United States", "paragraph_text": "The anti-nuclear movement in the United States consists of more than 80 anti-nuclear groups that oppose nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and/or uranium mining. These have included the Abalone Alliance, Clamshell Alliance, Committee for Nuclear Responsibility, Nevada Desert Experience, Nuclear Information and Resource Service, Physicians for Social Responsibility, Plowshares Movement, and Women Strike for Peace. The anti-nuclear movement has delayed construction or halted commitments to build some new nuclear plants, and has pressured the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to enforce and strengthen the safety regulations for nuclear power plants.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Anti-nuclear groups in the United States", "paragraph_text": "More than eighty anti-nuclear groups are operating, or have operated, in the United States. These include: Abalone Alliance, Clamshell Alliance, Greenpeace USA, Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Musicians United for Safe Energy, Nevada Desert Experience, Nuclear Control Institute, Nuclear Information and Resource Service, Public Citizen Energy Program, Shad Alliance, and the Sierra Club. These are direct action, environmental, health, and public interest organizations who oppose nuclear weapons and/or nuclear power. In 1992, the chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission said that \"his agency had been pushed in the right direction on safety issues because of the pleas and protests of nuclear watchdog groups\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility", "paragraph_text": "Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility is a non-profit, anti-nuclear, public interest organization founded in 2005, and based in San Luis Obispo, California. It is focused on public citizen activism and public participation with regard to the Diablo Canyon Power Plant, also known as the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant. The focus of the group is primarily on using leverage at the level of state agencies such as the California Public Utilities Commission. Concurrent jurisdiction of their concern also includes the California Coastal Commission, which certifies compliance of all action within the coastal zone which thus includes the plant. Their posture is primarily oppositional. Other venues for activism include the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, California Energy Commission, Regional Water Quality Control Board, SLO County, the California legislature, the office of the state attorney general, and the US Congress, of which they are in the 23rd District.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Nuclear energy policy of the United States", "paragraph_text": "The nuclear energy policy of the United States developed within two main periods, from 1954\u20131992 and 2005\u20132010. The first period saw the ongoing building of nuclear power plants, the enactment of numerous pieces of legislation such as the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, and the implementation of countless policies which have guided the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Energy in the regulation and growth of nuclear energy companies. This includes, but is not limited to, regulations of nuclear facilities, waste storage, decommissioning of weapons-grade materials, uranium mining, and funding for nuclear companies, along with an increase in power plant building. Both legislation and bureaucratic regulations of nuclear energy in the United States have been shaped by scientific research, private industries' wishes, and public opinion, which has shifted over time and as a result of different nuclear disasters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Special nuclear material", "paragraph_text": "Special nuclear material is a term used by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission of the United States to classify fissile materials. The NRC divides special nuclear material (SNM) into three main categories, according to the risk and potential for its direct use in a clandestine nuclear weapon or for its use in the production of nuclear material for use in a nuclear weapon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "David A. Wright", "paragraph_text": "David A. Wright is an American businessman, politician, and energy policy advisor. In May 2017, he was nominated by President Donald Trump to become a member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of a five-year term expiring on June 30, 2020.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nuclear meltdown", "paragraph_text": "A nuclear meltdown (core melt accident or partial core melt) is a severe nuclear reactor accident that results in core damage from overheating. The term \"nuclear meltdown\" is not officially defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency or by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. However, it has been defined to mean the accidental melting of the core of a nuclear reactor, and is in common usage a reference to the core's either complete or partial collapse.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Donald Trump", "paragraph_text": "Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a86296a55429960ec39b631", "question_text": "What was the job of the character Jack Nicholson played in a 1992 French-American biographical crime film directed by Danny DeVito?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Teamsters leader"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Sweet Revenge (1976 film)", "paragraph_text": "Sweet Revenge (also released as \"Dandy, the All American Girl\") is a 1976 American crime film directed by Jerry Schatzberg. It was entered into the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. This was the second leading role for actress Stockard Channing in a film, following the previous year's \"The Fortune\" in which she co-starred opposite Jack Nicholson and Warren Beatty.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hoffa", "paragraph_text": "Hoffa is a 1992 French-American biographical crime film directed by Danny DeVito and written by David Mamet, based on the life of Teamsters leader Jimmy Hoffa. Most of the story is told in flashbacks before ending with Hoffa's mysterious disappearance. Jack Nicholson plays Hoffa, and DeVito plays Robert Ciaro, an amalgamation of several Hoffa associates over the years.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jack Nicholson", "paragraph_text": "John Joseph Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker, who has performed for over 60 years. Nicholson is known for playing a wide range of starring or supporting roles, including satirical comedy, romance and dark portrayals of antiheroes and psychopathic characters. In many of his films, he has played the \"eternal outsider, the sardonic drifter,\" someone who rebels against the social structure.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Batman (1989 film)", "paragraph_text": "Batman is a 1989 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton and produced by Jon Peters and Peter Guber, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is the first installment of Warner Bros.' initial \"Batman\" film series. The film stars Michael Keaton as Bruce Wayne/Batman and Jack Nicholson as The Joker, alongside Kim Basinger, Robert Wuhl, Pat Hingle, Billy Dee Williams, Michael Gough and Jack Palance. The film takes place early in the title character's war on crime, and depicts a battle with his arch-nemesis the Joker.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Wise Guys (1986 film)", "paragraph_text": "Wise Guys is a 1986 black Mafia comedy crime film directed by Brian De Palma and starring Danny DeVito and Joe Piscopo. A comedy revolving around two small-time mobsters from Newark, New Jersey, it also features Harvey Keitel, Ray Sharkey, Lou Albano, Dan Hedaya, and Frank Vincent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Terms of Endearment", "paragraph_text": "Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow. The film covers 30 years of the relationship between Aurora Greenway (MacLaine) and her daughter Emma (Winger).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Kill the Irishman", "paragraph_text": "Kill the Irishman (alternatively known as Bulletproof Gangster) is a 2011 American biographical crime film directed by Jonathan Hensleigh, and starring Ray Stevenson, Vincent D'Onofrio, Christopher Walken, and Val Kilmer. Written by Hensleigh (along with Jeremy Walters), it is based on the life of Irish-American gangster Danny Greene, and was adapted from the book \"To Kill the Irishman: The War That Crippled the Mafia\" by Rick Porrello.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Goin' South", "paragraph_text": "Goin' South is a 1978 American western-comedy film, directed by and starring Jack Nicholson, with Mary Steenburgen, Christopher Lloyd, John Belushi, Richard Bradford, Veronica Cartwright, Danny DeVito and Ed Begley, Jr.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Last Detail", "paragraph_text": "The Last Detail is a 1973 American comedy-drama film directed by Hal Ashby and starring Jack Nicholson, Randy Quaid, Otis Young, with a screenplay adapted by Robert Towne from a 1970 novel of the same name by Darryl Ponicsan. The film became known for its frequent use of profanity. It was nominated for three Academy Awards, Best Actor in a Leading Role, Jack Nicholson; Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Randy Quaid; and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium, Robert Towne.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mars Attacks!", "paragraph_text": "Mars Attacks! is a 1996 American comic science fiction film directed by Tim Burton, who also co-produced it with Larry J. Franco. The screenplay, which was based on the cult trading card series of the same name, was written by Jonathan Gems. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Jack Nicholson (in a dual role), Glenn Close, Annette Bening, Pierce Brosnan, Danny DeVito, Martin Short, Sarah Jessica Parker, Michael J. Fox, Rod Steiger, Tom Jones, Lukas Haas, Natalie Portman, Jim Brown, Lisa Marie Smith, and Sylvia Sidney. The film is a parody of science fiction B movies overall and includes elements of black comedy and political satire.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7eec6f55429934daa2fc7c", "question_text": "The Hindmarsh Stadium is sponsored by a brewery that sold how many liters of beer in 2013 ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["69.7 million litres"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Beer in Russia", "paragraph_text": "In Russia, beer (Russian: \u043f\u0438\u0432\u043e \"pivo\") is the second most popular alcoholic drink after vodka, seen by many as a less harmful alternative. The average Russian person drank about 12.5 liters of pure alcohol in 2010, with vodka accounting for more than five liters and beer about four liters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "1995 National Soccer League Grand Final", "paragraph_text": "The 1995 National Soccer League Grand Final was the championship match of the 1994\u201395 National Soccer League season and was played between Adelaide City and Melbourne Knights at Hindmarsh Stadium on 7 May 1995.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2008 AFC Champions League Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2008 AFC Champions League Final was a two-legged football tie to determine the 2008 champions of Asian club football. Gamba Osaka defeated Adelaide United 5-0 on aggregate to take the title. The first leg took place on 5 November 2008 at 19:00 local time (UTC+9) at Osaka Expo '70 Stadium in Osaka and the second leg took place on 12 November 2008 at 19:30 local time () at Hindmarsh Stadium, Adelaide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "West Adelaide SC", "paragraph_text": "West Adelaide Soccer Club is an Australian soccer club from Adelaide, Australia currently playing in the National Premier Leagues South Australia. It participated in the National Soccer League from the 1977 season until the end of the 1998/99 season, except for the periods 1987\u201389 and 1990\u201391. It was also known as West Adelaide Hellas and Adelaide Sharks. They played in various blue and white strips, and played most of their NSL home games at Hindmarsh Stadium. The senior arm of the club re-formed in 2008 and is the FFSA National Premier League 2015 Premiers and 2015 Champions , coached by one of the former NSL players of the club, Paul Pezos.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Haandbryggeriet", "paragraph_text": "Haandbryggeriet is a Norwegian brewery founded in 2005 by Jens Maudal, Rune Eriksen, Arne Eide and Egil Hilde. The brewery was situated at the site of an old textile factory in Drammen, then in a railroad yard, and now resides in an old industrial building. Their brewing equipment was bought used in England and has a capacity of about 900 liters per batch. Production in 2006 was near 40,000 liters. In 2012, production was expected to be approximately 350,000 liters, using a ,800 liter brewing equipment. In 2013, they upgraded yet again, to a 5,000 liter brewing tank.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Coopers Brewery", "paragraph_text": "Coopers Brewery Limited, the largest Australian-owned brewery, is based in the Adelaide suburb of Regency Park. Coopers is known for making a variety of beers, the most famous of which are its Pale Ale and Sparkling Ale. The brewery sold 69.7 million litres of beer in the 2013 financial year. It is also the world's largest producer of homebrewing equipment. Its shares are primarily owned by the extended Cooper family, and the company's constitution and classes of shares makes it difficult to sell shares outside the family.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Birra Tirana", "paragraph_text": "Birra Tirana \"(English: Tirana Beer )\" is a beer company based in Tirana, Albania. It is the largest beer producer and the largest selling beer in the country. It is also exported and sold in Kosovo and the United States. The company is fabricated by Birra Malto Brewery. It currently produces three different beer brands. Birra Tirana is sold both in bottles and cans of 0.33 lit and 0.5 lit and also in kegs 30 liters and 50 liters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Hindmarsh Stadium", "paragraph_text": "The Hindmarsh Stadium (currently known as the Coopers Stadium due to sponsorship from the Adelaide-based Coopers Brewery) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Adelaide, South Australia. It is the home of the Australian A-League team, Adelaide United.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cervecer\u00eda Nacional Dominicana", "paragraph_text": "Cerveceria Nacional Dominicana (CND), is the primary beer producer in the Dominican Republic, the company is owned by AmBev and Grupo Le\u00f3n Jimenes. It was founded in 1929 by the American entrepreneur Charles H. Wanzer. It was the first brewery in the Dominican Republic and the largest in the Antilles and Central America with sales of 3.8 million hectoliters. It first released its major brand \"Presidente\" in 1935, and has since expanded to other brands such as Bohemia Especial, Presidente Light and Ambar. The first two are pilsener beers that fall in the category of lager beers, and the latter is the company's first incursion into dark beer. CND also distributes Miller products and Heineken. Its current brewery complex was opened in 1951. It employs 2,500 people and produces up to 500 million liters of beer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Adelaide United FC", "paragraph_text": "Adelaide United Football Club is a professional soccer club based in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. The club participates in the A-League under licence from Football Federation Australia. The club was founded in 2003 to fill the place vacated by Adelaide City and West Adelaide in the former National Soccer League (NSL), and is now the sole team from the state of South Australia in the A-League. Adelaide United's home ground is Hindmarsh Stadium. Adelaide United were premiers in the inaugural 2005\u201306 A-League season, finishing 7 points clear of the rest of the competition, before finishing third in the finals. They were Premiers again in 2015/16 finishing just one point ahead of second place Western Sydney. The Reds made the Grand Finals of the 2006\u201307, 2008\u201309 and 2015\u201316 seasons, losing the on the first two occasions to Melbourne Victory.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8220db5542995ce29dccc1", "question_text": "Which was secretary to President Richard Nixon: Rose Mary Woods or H. R. Haldeman?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Rose Mary Woods"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Donald A. Nixon", "paragraph_text": "Donald A. Nixon (born 1946) is a businessman. He is the nephew of former President Richard Nixon and the son of Richard Nixon's brother, Donald Nixon and Clara Jane.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "H. R. Haldeman", "paragraph_text": "Harry Robbins \"Bob\" Haldeman (October 27, 1926 \u2013 November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman, best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President Richard Nixon and his consequent involvement in the Watergate Affair.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ronald H. Walker", "paragraph_text": "Ronald H. Walker (born July 25, 1937) is an American executive. Walker served in the administration of President Richard Nixon, first as the first Director of the White House Office of Presidential Advance, and later as Director of the National Park Service (1972\u20131975). Walker went on to become a senior partner at Korn/Ferry International, President of the Richard Nixon Foundation, and is currently the Chairman of the Board of the Nixon Foundation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Hatchet man (politics)", "paragraph_text": "In the context of the Watergate scandal, the term hatchet man was used to refer to a trusted and particularly orthodox subordinate tasked by his employer with destroying a political opponent by any means necessary. Charles Colson was known as a hatchet man for President Richard Nixon, as was H.R. Haldeman, who proudly described himself as \"Richard Nixon's 'son of a bitch'\". This use of the term has since become commonplace for anyone who is tasked with conducting distasteful, illegal, or unfair \"dirty work\" to protect the reputation or power of their employer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "United States v. Nixon", "paragraph_text": "United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision which resulted in a unanimous 8\u20130 ruling against President Richard Nixon, ordering him to deliver presidential tape recordings and other subpoenaed materials to the District Court. Issued on July 24, 1974, the ruling was important to the late stages of the Watergate scandal, when there was an ongoing impeachment process against Richard Nixon. \"United States v. Nixon\" is considered a crucial precedent limiting the power of any U.S. president to claim executive privilege.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Zilch memo", "paragraph_text": "A memorandum known as the Zilch memo was an American government document sent by National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger to President Richard Nixon on January 3, 1972, about the military situation in Laos during the Vietnam War. On the memo, in his own handwriting, Nixon described the decade-long bombing campaign by the United States in Southeast Asia as a \"failure,\" having achieved \"zilch,\" despite public comments to the contrary. Just the day before, January 2, Nixon told CBS News reporter Dan Rather in an interview that the bombing was \"very, very effective.\" Previously missing from the Richard Nixon Library, the memo was discovered in the possession of Alexander Butterfield, who served as the Deputy Assistant to President Nixon from 1969 to 1973, by \"Washington Post\" reporter Bob Woodward, who subsequently published it in his 2015 book \"The Last of the President's Men\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Rose Mary Woods", "paragraph_text": "Rose Mary Woods (December 26, 1917\u00a0\u2013 January 22, 2005) was Richard Nixon's secretary from his days in Congress in 1951, through the end of his political career. Before H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman became the operators of Nixon's presidential campaign, Woods was Nixon's gatekeeper.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Age of Secrets", "paragraph_text": "Age of Secrets: The Conspiracy that Toppled Richard Nixon and the Hidden Death of Howard Hughes is a conspiracy theory-oriented biography of Howard Hughes personal advisor John H. Meier. It is written by newspaper reporter Gerald Bellett and was published by the Las Vegas Free Press in 2015. The book argues that Meier was one of the people who played a role in affecting President Richard Nixon's resignation in the wake of the Watergate scandal. It also details how Meier was supposedly pursued for 20 years by the CIA, the Hughes organization, as well as Nixon sympathizers. The book includes an excerpt from Meier's diary regarding what he says is his knowledge regarding the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nixon v. General Services Administration", "paragraph_text": "Nixon v. General Services Administration, 433 U.S 425 (1977), is a landmark court case concerning the principle of presidential privilege and whether the public is allowed to view a President\u2019s \u201cconfidential documents\u201d. The Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act, signed into law by President Gerald Ford in 1974, ordered that the Administrator of General Services obtain President Richard Nixon\u2019s presidential papers and tape recordings. In addition, the Act further ordered that government archivists seize these materials. These archivists would preserve the material deemed historic and return to former President Nixon the materials deemed as private. Furthermore, this Act stated that material that was preserved could be used in judicial hearings and proceedings. Immediately after this Act was enacted, Richard Nixon filed a lawsuit in a federal district court claiming that the Act violated the principle of separation of powers, the principle of presidential privilege, Nixon\u2019s personal privacy, his First Amendment right of association, and further asserted that it amounted to a constitutionally prohibited Bill of Attainder.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "United States vice presidential selection, 1973", "paragraph_text": "In 1973, Republican Vice President Spiro Agnew was forced to resign following a controversy over his personal taxes. Under the terms of the 25th Amendment, a vice presidential vacancy is filled when the president nominates a candidate who is confirmed by both houses of Congress. Republican President Richard Nixon thus had the task of selecting a vice president who could receive the majority support of both houses of Congress. Nixon considered selecting former Texas Governor John Connally, New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller, and California Governor Ronald Reagan. However, Nixon settled on House Minority Leader Gerald Ford of Michigan, who was popular among the members of Congress and who was good friends with Nixon. Ford won the approval of both houses by huge margins, and was sworn in as the 40th Vice President of the United States on December 6, 1973. In 1974, Ford ascended to the presidency after the Watergate scandal led to the resignation of President Nixon.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae4932855429970de88d9b8", "question_text": "Which  American chain of bakery-caf\u00e9 fast casual restaurants sponsored Bill Steers Men's 4-Miler", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Panera Bread Company"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "List of fast food restaurant chains", "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of notable current and former fast food restaurant chains, as distinct from fast casual restaurants (see List of casual dining restaurant chains), coffeehouses (see List of coffeehouse chains), ice cream parlors (see List of ice cream parlor chains), and pizzerias (see List of pizza chains).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "4 Fingers Crispy Chicken", "paragraph_text": "4FINGERS (also known as 4FINGERS Crispy Chicken) is a Singaporean chain of fast casual restaurants that specialises in crispy Asian style fried chicken. Headquartered in Singapore, the chain was founded in 2009 and currently has 21 stores across Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Australia. The company expanded regionally to Malaysia in 2015 with three stores located in Kuala Lumpur], one store in Petaling Jaya and two outlets in Medan, Indonesia. From June\u2013July 2017, 4FINGERS also opened an outlet in Melbourne, Australia[http://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/finance/2431/Singaporean-fried-chicken-chain-4FINGERS-expands-into-Australia <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] and two outlets in Queensland, Australia, with plans for expansion to Europe and the USA in the future.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "William D. Steers", "paragraph_text": "Dr. William D. Steers, August 19, 1955 \u2013 April 10, 2015, was a Paul Mellon professor and Chair of the Department of Urology at the School of Medicine of the University of Virginia. Dr. Steers is past President of the American Board of Urology (ABU) and Editor of the \"Journal of Urology\". In 2003, the University of Virginia awarded Dr. Steers the Hovey Dabney Professorship. In 2004 Dr. Steers initiated the Charlottesville Men\u2019s Four Miler road race in Virginia to raise funds for men\u2019s health. Dr. Steers was a viticulturist aficionado, he co-owned Well Hung Vineyard in Charlottesville. He also authored YOURometer an iPhone app. used to record urological related symptoms.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Aladdin's Eatery", "paragraph_text": "Aladdin's Eatery is a chain of franchised restaurants in the American Midwest and South-East, specializing in Lebanese cuisine. Adapted to American tastes, the sites are fast casual restaurants that also offer take out.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bill Steers Men's 4-Miler", "paragraph_text": "The Bill Steers Men's 4-Miler (formerly Charlottesville Men's Four Miler) is the only all men's run in the Charlottesville area. The race was rededicated as a tribute to William D. Steers in 2015. It is an annual event hosted by the Department of Urology at the University of Virginia, and the Charlottesville Track Club. The event has also been sponsored by Panera Bread, BMW of Charlottesville, Starbucks, Pepsi and the City of Charlottesville. The City of Charlottesville also hosts the Women's Four Miler to benefit the UVA Cancer Center Breast Care Program. The event, held continuously since 2004, was conceived by William D. Steers with the purpose of raising awareness on men's health issues; to encourage men to take control of their health, and become more physically active.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of casual dining restaurant chains", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of casual dining restaurant chains around the world, arranged in alphabetical order. A casual dining restaurant is a restaurant that serves moderately priced food in a casual atmosphere. Except for buffet-style restaurants and, more recently, fast casual restaurants, casual dining restaurants usually provide table service.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chipotle Mexican Grill", "paragraph_text": "Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. ( ) is an American chain of fast casual restaurants in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and France, specializing in tacos and Mission-style burritos. Its name derives from \"chipotle\", the Nahuatl name for a smoked and dried jalape\u00f1o chili pepper. The company trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CMG.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Panera Bread", "paragraph_text": "Panera Bread Company is an American chain of bakery-caf\u00e9 fast casual restaurants in the United States and Canada. Its headquarters are in Sunset Hills, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis, and operates as Saint Louis Bread Company in the St. Louis metropolitan area. Offerings include soups, salads, pasta, sandwiches, specialty drinks, and bakery items.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Captain D's", "paragraph_text": "Captain D\u2019s is a U.S.-based chain of fast casual restaurants specializing in seafood. Captain D\u2019s serves a wide variety of seafood that includes freshly prepared entrees and the company\u2019s signature hand batter dipped fish, which is freshly prepared. The restaurants also offer premium-quality grilled items such as shrimp and salmon, as well as hushpuppies, desserts and freshly brewed Southern-style sweet tea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "McAlister's Deli", "paragraph_text": "McAlister's Deli is an American chain of fast casual restaurants founded in 1989 in Oxford, Mississippi by retired dentist Dr. Don Newcomb. There are currently over 400 locations in 26 states, ranging from Virginia in the East to Florida in the South to Arizona in West to Michigan in the North. The menu includes deli sandwiches, \"Texas-size\" spuds (baked potatoes), soups, salads, and desserts, as well as catering items such as sandwich trays and boxed lunches. The chain is also known for its McAlister's Famous Sweet Tea, which is available by the glass or by the gallon.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8a5a1955429930ff3c0da7", "question_text": "In what year was the Sayrevill, New Jersey rock band that Frankie LaRocka played drums for formed?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1983"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Rats (American band)", "paragraph_text": "The Rats were an American garage punk band from Portland, Oregon, formed by Fred Cole previously of the garage rock band, The Lollipop Shoppe. Cole played guitar and sang, his wife, \"Toody\" played bass and sang, and initially Rod Rat played drums. Their sound was a raw mix of punk rock with occasional country touches. Their self-titled debut album appeared on Cole's Whizeagle label in 1980. Soon after, Rod Rat left the band, though he guested on the 1981 follow-up \"Intermittent Signals\" before his death by suicide. (Prior to his suicide Rod Rat (aka Rod Hibbert) also played drums in 1980-81 for Portland power pop band Domino Theory). Sam Henry, formerly of the Wipers, played drums on this LP but left to join another Portland band, Napalm Beach. Louis Samora was on the drum throne for the 1983 album \"In a Desperate Red\", still on Whizeagle. Samora left in 1984 to concentrate on his rockabilly band, The Jackals. The band broke up, but Bill Barker of Profile Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia convinced the band to reunite for a single. It appeared under the band name The Desperate Edge later in 1984. Soon after, Cole assembled a country band, Western Front, and he and Toody later reunited in Dead Moon. The Rats' records have long been out of print and sell for high prices on eBay. In 2008, Portland's Mississippi Records reissued the first album on vinyl.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Frankie LaRocka", "paragraph_text": "Frankie LaRocka (April 17, 1954 \u2013 May 12, 2005), born Frank LaRocca, was an American rock musician and producer. He was a member of Scandal, playing drums on their debut EP, and, at various stages, played the drums with Bon Jovi, David Johansen, Bryan Adams, and John Waite. In the 1990s, he became an A&R man and producer with his most notable work being with the Spin Doctors on their breakthrough album \"Pocket Full of Kryptonite\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Del-Aires", "paragraph_text": "The Del-Aires were a Paterson, New Jersey rock band of the 1960s. They were featured as themselves in Del Tenney's 1964 B-movie beach party film, \"The Horror of Party Beach.\" For the film, Gary Robert Jones and Ronnie Linares wrote one song together, \"Drag,\" and one song each: \"Wigglin' Wobblin'\" (Jones) and \"Elaine\" (Linares). The Del-Aires performed all six songs in the film, which included \"Joy Ride\", \"The Zombie Stomp\" and \"You Are Not a Summer Love.\" Following his stint with the Del-Aires, saxophonist/guitarist/keyboardist Bobby Osborne was a member of the band Gas Mask, perhaps best known for having their first (and only) album, \"Their First Album,\" produced by Teo Macero.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "A Date with The Smithereens", "paragraph_text": "A Date with the Smithereens is the fifth album by the New Jersey rock band The Smithereens, released in 1994. It is seen as a stylistic departure by the band, as \"A Date\" is mainly influenced by hard rock and heavy metal, while previous albums have leaned more towards straightforward pop rock. The title is meant to be ironic as nearly all songs on the album are hate-inspired.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sean Aaberg", "paragraph_text": "Sean Aaberg was born in Oakland, California. He is the son of Philip Aaberg and LouAnn Lucke. He grew up in Oakland, attending Bishop O'Dowd High School and briefly attended the California College of the Arts. As a kid, he liked \"anything weird, nasty and old\", including cheap magazines and bought thousands of them, he said in an interview. He and his friends read \"Mad\", drew comics, liked to listen to Cheech and Chong and the Ramones on the Dr. Demento show, and later discovered the Church of the Subgenius. He admired the movies of Ralph Bakshi. The interviewer noted that Aaberg writes in ALL CAPS. Sean founded and played drums in the Oakland-based Hardcore Punk band The Masked Men, played drums for Baltimore-based Anarcho Punk band A//Political and founded and played drums for Eugene-based Rock and Roll band The Latrines.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Live at the Court: Greatest Hits and More", "paragraph_text": "Live at the Court: Greatest Hits and More is the ninth album from New Jersey rock band The Smithereens. It was recorded live at the Court Tavern in New Brunswick, New Jersey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Royal Teens", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Teens was a New Jersey rock and roll band that formed in 1956, which was composed of Bob Gaudio on piano, Tom Austin on drums, Billy Dalton on guitar, and Billy Crandall on saxophone. The group is best known for its single \"Short Shorts,\" which was a #3 hit in the United States in 1958. The follow-up single, 1959's \"Believe Me,\" hit #26. They never recorded an album, and broke up in 1965.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bon Jovi", "paragraph_text": "Bon Jovi is an American rock band from Sayreville, New Jersey. Formed in 1983, Bon Jovi consists of lead singer and namesake Jon Bon Jovi, pianist and keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, lead guitarist Phil X, and bassist Hugh McDonald. The band's lineup has remained mostly static during its history, with the only exceptions being the 1994 dismissal of bass player Alec John Such, who was unofficially replaced by Hugh McDonald, and the departure of longtime guitarist and co-songwriter Richie Sambora in 2013. Phil X and McDonald both became official members in 2016.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Baby Namboos", "paragraph_text": "The Baby Namboos were a 1990s British trip hop band. One of their members, Mark Porter, is the cousin of Tricky, who produced some tracks on their debut album. Their song \"Late Night Antics\" inspired a New Jersey rock band to call themselves Mister Behavior, a persona mentioned in the song.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Rosebuds", "paragraph_text": "The Rosebuds are an indie rock band from Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. (Not to be confused with the vocal group of the same name who recorded for George Goldner's Gee Records in the 1950s.) Its current members are Ivan Howard (vocals/guitar/drums/bass/keyboards/programming) and Kelly Crisp (vocals/keyboard/drums/guitar/accordion). Billy Alphin had played drums on the album \"The Rosebuds Make Out\", Wes Phillips played drums on the E.P.\"Unwind\", Lee Waters played drums on the record \"Birds Make Good Neighbors\", and Matt McCaughan played the drums on \"Night of the Furies\", \"Life Like\" and \"Loud Planes Fly Low.\" Rob Lackey was behind the drum kit during the taping of \"The Rosebuds Live at the Cats Cradle\", a charity only recording sold at \"cytunes.org\" to help fight for the prevention of cancer, as well as on the track \"Second Birds of Paradise\" on \"Loud Planes Fly Low.\"", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7eacd855429930675135c3", "question_text": "What is the nationality of the actor who was a leading man of Mich\u00e8le Mercier and born on November 3, 1921?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["American"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Fred Cortes", "paragraph_text": "Fred Cortes (1921-1964) was a Filipino actor who was a favorite leading man of Lvn Pictures before World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ray Milland filmography", "paragraph_text": "This is a filmography of Welsh actor Ray Milland, containing his work in theatrically released motion pictures as well as his extensive television credits. Milland began his film career in United Kingdom in 1929 after serving three years as a guardsman in the Royal Household Cavalry, based in London. After appearing in several British films, he came to the United States in 1930 where he spent several years playing small and supporting roles. Eventually, in 1934, he became a contract player at Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular star. Milland remained with Paramount for the next 21 years. During his time with the studio, he developed his persona as a debonair leading man, mainly in drawing-room comedies but also occasionally in adventure and mystery films. In 1945, Milland won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of an alcoholic writer in \"The Lost Weekend\". From there he continued as a leading man well into the 1960s, appearing in several film noirs and occasionally cast as a villain. In 1953, Milland began working in television as both an actor and director. He alternated between the mediums of film and television for the remainder of his career. During the 1960s and 1970s, Milland frequently worked in science fiction and horror films. He also directed himself in four films.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Mich\u00e8le Mercier", "paragraph_text": "Mich\u00e8le Mercier (born 1 January 1939 as Jocelyne Yvonne Ren\u00e9e Mercier) is a French actress. In the course of her career she has worked with leading directors like Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut, Jean-Pierre Melville, Jacques Deray, Dino Risi, Mario Monicelli, Mario Bava, Peter Collinson and Ken Annakin. Her leading men have included Marcello Mastroianni, Vittorio Gassman, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Jean Gabin, Charles Aznavour, Robert Hossein, Charles Bronson, Tony Curtis and Charlton Heston. She has appeared in over fifty films, and is best known for her starring role in \"Angelique, Marquise des Anges\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Black Sabbath (film)", "paragraph_text": "Black Sabbath (Italian: \"I tre volti della paura\" , 'The Three Faces of Fear' ) is a 1963 horror film directed by Mario Bava. The film is centered on three separate tales that have an introduction and conclusion from Boris Karloff. The film stars an international cast in three short stories. The first, titled \"The Telephone\", involves Suzy (Mich\u00e8le Mercier) who continually receives threatening telephone calls from an unseen stalker. The second is \"The Wurdulak\", where a man named Gorca (Karloff) returns to his family after claiming to have slain a Wurdulak, an undead creature who attacks those that it had once loved. The third story, \"The Drop of Water\", features Jacqueline Pierreux as Helen Corey, a nurse who steals a ring from a corpse that is being prepared for burial and finds herself haunted by the ring's original owner after arriving home.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Claudine Mercier", "paragraph_text": "Claudine Mercier (born November 3, 1961) is a Qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise comedian, singer, actress and impressionist.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Charles Bronson", "paragraph_text": "Charles Bronson (born Charles Dennis Buchinsky; Lithuanian: \"Karolis Dionyzas Bu\u010dinskis\" ; November 3, 1921 \u2013 August 30, 2003) was an American actor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Leading man", "paragraph_text": "Leading man or leading gentleman is an informal term for the actor who is the protagonist or plays a love interest to the leading actress in a film or play. A leading man is sometimes an all-rounder; capable of singing, dancing, and acting at a professional level.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Robert Hossein", "paragraph_text": "Robert Hossein (born Robert Hosseinoff; 30 December 1927) is a French film actor, director, and writer of Azerbaijani and Jewish origin. He directed the 1982 adaption of \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\", and appeared in \"Vice and Virtue\", \"Le Casse\", \"Les Uns et les Autres\" and \"Venus Beauty Institute\". His other roles include Mich\u00e8le Mercier's husband in the \"Ang\u00e9lique\" series, a gunfighter in the Spaghetti Western \"Cemetery Without Crosses\" (which he also directed and co-wrote), and a Catholic priest who falls in love with Claude Jade and becomes a communist in \"Forbidden Priests\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "John Gilbert (actor)", "paragraph_text": "John Gilbert (born John Cecil Pringle; July 10, 1899 \u2013 January 9, 1936) was an American actor, screenwriter and director. He rose to fame during the silent film era and became a popular leading man known as \"The Great Lover\". At the height of his career, Gilbert rivaled Rudolph Valentino, another silent film era leading man, as a box office draw.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Wang Kuan-hsiung", "paragraph_text": "Wang Kuan Hsiung was a lean dapper Taiwanese actor who was a well-known and popular leading man in the Kung Fu film genre of the 1970s and 1980s. He was cast as a romantic leading man in some of his films and he gained many female fans and is still considered a heart throb He is mostly known for his role in a 1974 film as Chan Ming Lung a.k.a. \"The Iron Ox\" in Iron Ox, The Tiger's Killer, which is a tale about a student taking on a group of men, The Five Tigers in duels to avenge the death of his teacher. This film also featured a well-known actor of the genre, Wong Fei-Lung", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adfeeed55429925eb1afb44", "question_text": "What is the birthdate of this Uruguayan former footballer, who management team consists of Charlie Oatway?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["15 November 1967"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Fabi\u00e1n O'Neill", "paragraph_text": "Fabi\u00e1n Alberto O'Neill Dom\u00ednguez (born 14 October 1973 in Paso de los Toros) is a Uruguayan former footballer who played as a midfielder.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Richard Sosa", "paragraph_text": "Richard Fabi\u00e1n Sosa Zapata (born January 5, 1972 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan former footballer who played as a midfielder for Villa Espa\u00f1ola and for Chilean club Puerto Montt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Charlie Oatway", "paragraph_text": "Anthony Philip David Terry Frank Donald Stanley Gerry Gordon Stephen James Oatway (born 28 November 1973), more commonly known as Charlie Oatway, is an English former footballer. Oatway retired from the professional game in August 2007. He was assistant manager and a player at Havant & Waterlooville but departed the club in June 2009. He is currently an analyst with Shanghai Shenhua, continuing his integral role within Gus Poyet's management team having previously worked with him at Brighton, Sunderland, AEK Athens and Real Betis Balompi\u00e9.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gustavo Mun\u00faa", "paragraph_text": "Gustavo Adolfo Mun\u00faa Vera (born 27 January 1978) is a Uruguayan former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Rafael Carbajal", "paragraph_text": "Rafael Carbajal (born September 30, 1960) is an Uruguayan former footballer who played mostly in the National Soccer League. He is currently the manager for Canadian S.C. in the Uruguayan Segunda Divisi\u00f3n.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gus Poyet", "paragraph_text": "Gustavo Augusto \"Gus\" Poyet Dom\u00ednguez (] ; born 15 November 1967) is a Uruguayan former footballer.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Rub\u00e9n Paz", "paragraph_text": "Ruben W\u00e1lter Paz M\u00e1rquez (born 8 August 1959 in Artigas) is a Uruguayan former footballer who played as a midfielder. Paz played at two FIFA World Cups for Uruguay and was also South American Footballer of the Year in 1988. He retired in 2006 at the age of 47. He's currently Pe\u00f1arol's assistant coach.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dar\u00edo Rodr\u00edguez", "paragraph_text": "Octavio Dar\u00edo Rodr\u00edguez Pe\u00f1a (born 17 September 1974 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan former footballer who played as a centre back or left back for Pe\u00f1arol. He was capped 51 times for the Uruguay national team. A versatile defender, he was capable of playing \"at left-back or as a left-sided central defender. Strong in the air, he [wa]s a useful distraction in the opposition box at set pieces.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Washington Tais", "paragraph_text": "Washington Eduardo Tais Videga\u00edn (born 21 December 1972) is a Uruguayan former footballer who played as a right back.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "\u00c1lvaro Recoba", "paragraph_text": "\u00c1lvaro Alexander Recoba Rivero (] ; born 17 March 1976; nickname \"El Chino\") is a Uruguayan former footballer, who last played for Primera Divisi\u00f3n Uruguaya side Nacional, as either a forward or midfielder. Although he began and ended his footballing career in his native country, he also played for several European clubs throughout his career, most notably Italian side Inter Milan, where he spent 11 seasons.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac5188255429924173fb5a3", "question_text": "About how many people are employed by the company founded by Denise Coates?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["3,000"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Cork City Ballet", "paragraph_text": "Cork City Ballet is an Irish ballet company founded by Alan Foley, a disciple of Joan Denise Moriarty, in 1992. It is one of two professional ballet companies in Ireland. Cork City Ballet annually performs at Cork Opera House, most recently with a production of Giselle. It has toured venues such as Wexford Opera House, The Helix Tralee's Siamsa Tire and University Concert Hall, Limerick. Cork City Ballet is known for working with an array of guest artists from companies such as Royal Swedish Ballet and Kirov Ballet. In 2012, Cork City Ballet commemorated the centenary of the birth of Joan Denise Moriarty, the founder of Irish Theatre Ballet, Ireland's first professional ballet company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Other Side of Immigration", "paragraph_text": "The Other Side of Immigration is a 2010 documentary film directed by Roy Germano that explores why so many people leave the Mexican countryside to work in the United States and what happens to the families and communities they leave behind. The film is based on Germano\u2019s interviews with over 700 households in Mexico, which he carried out while doing Ph.D. research on remittances at the University of Texas at Austin. \"The Other Side of Immigration\" is distributed by Team Love Records, a company founded by musician Conor Oberst.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Vanderbilt, Nevada", "paragraph_text": "In 1870, Vanderbilt had 150 inhabitants, two boarding houses and two saloons, although 300 miners were employed in the mining district in those times. When Eureka had begun to boom, many people of Vandelbilt had moved there. In 1872 a disaster has occurred in Vanderbilt: a fire destroyed the mill. In 1880, only 25 people lived in Vanderbilt, in 1885 the post office was closed and the few active mines had closed by 1887. Now, the only vestiges of the town are mill ruins. Because the road to Vanderbilt is very treacherous, is very dangerous to reach the place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Federal Music Project", "paragraph_text": "The Federal Music Project (FMP), part of the Federal government of the United States New Deal program Federal Project Number One, employed musicians, conductors and composers during the Great Depression. In addition to performing thousands of concerts, offering music classes, organizing the Composers Forum Laboratory, hosting music festivals and creating 34 new orchestras, employees of the FMP researched American traditional music and folk songs, a practice now called ethnomusicology. In the latter domain the Federal Music Project did notable studies on cowboy, Creole, and what was then termed Negro music. During the Great Depression, many people visited these symphonies to forget about the economic hardship of the time. In 1939, the FMP transitioned to the Works Progress Administration's Music Program, which along with many other WPA projects, was phased out in the midst of World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Denise Coates", "paragraph_text": "Denise Coates CBE (born 26 September 1967) is an English businesswoman, founder and joint chief executive of online gambling company Bet365. She has been listed in the \"Forbes\" magazine\u2019s rich list, with an estimated personal fortune of $4.1 billion (approximately \u00a33.17 billion).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Salakos", "paragraph_text": "Salakos (Greek: \u03a3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2) is a village of 350 people on the west side of Rhodes Island. It is 40 km from the capital Rhodes town and 7km from the North West coast. The village is located on the hills of Mount Prophitis Ilias. Inhabitants are mainly employed in farming, livestock rearing and tourism. The village is located next to a natural spring named Nymph, which is a mythological deity that protected the spring. There is one tourist hotel in the village (ironically also named Nymph), and several restaurants that cater to passing foreign tourist trade and in the summer months many people work in tourist hotels elsewhere. The village is famous for its walnuts, numerous sightseeing walks and its stone-paved and shady square, with fresh spring running water and fig trees.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Larkin Company", "paragraph_text": "The Larkin Company, also known as the Larkin Soap Company, was a company founded in 1875 in Buffalo, New York as a small soap factory. It grew tremendously throughout the late 1800s and into the first quarter of the 1900s with an approach called \"The Larkin Idea\" that transformed the company into a mail-order conglomerate that employed 4,000 people and had annual sales of $28.6\u00a0million ( ) in 1920. The company's success allowed them to hire Frank Lloyd Wright to design the iconic Larkin Administration Building which stood as a symbol of Larkin prosperity until the company's demise in the 1940s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Bet365", "paragraph_text": "Bet365 Group Ltd (styled as \"bet365\") is a gambling company based in the United Kingdom. Bet365 is one of the world's leading online gambling groups with over 19 million customers in almost two hundred countries. The Group employs over 3,000 people and is the largest private employer in the city of Stoke-on-Trent.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Bill Allen (corporate CEO)", "paragraph_text": "Bill Allen (04/06/37) is the former CEO of the Alaska oilfield services company VECO Corporation. VECO was an Alaska-based oil pipeline service and construction company founded by Wayne Veltri (VECO is short for Veltri Co). Bill Allen was born in New Mexico and at the age of 16 left for the oil fields of Alaska to become a welder to help support his family. VECO began as a one truck welding and repair operation that grew to become a major player in the Alaskan and worldwide oil industries' support services business. He built a for-profit prison in Barbados as well. VECO also was a worldwide player in the oil industry, having divisions in many major oil markets, including the Sudan, Russia, Mexico, Venezuela and Syria. VECO had a major impact on the economy of Alaska and employed over 5,000 people worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Matsari", "paragraph_text": "Matsari (\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u0940) is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. It is one of the highly famous village of Maithil Brahmins (e.g. Jha, Mishra) in Nepal. The village takes its name from \"MATSA\" which means \"Fish\". At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3157 people living in 564 individual households. The literacy of this village is higher than any of the others in the country. The village is situated at the bank of Bagmati river. It lies around 8km(~5 miles) north of the district headquarters Gaur. Most of the people of the village are employed in the \"Government Service\" of Nepal. \"Durga-puja\" of \"Dashara\" is very famous here, many people from various villages show up to observe the festival. Bhojpuri/Bajika/Maithili are the languages spoken in the village.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab3bd7d55429969a97a819f", "question_text": "Which team featured in both the 2012 and 2011 Cops del Rey Finals ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Barcelona"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "2010\u201311 Copa del Rey", "paragraph_text": "The 2010\u201311 Copa del Rey was the 109th staging of the Copa del Rey. The competition began on 21 August 2010 and ended on 20 April 2011 with the final, held at the Estadio Mestalla in Valencia, in which Real Madrid lifted the trophy for the eighteenth time in their history with a 1\u20130 victory over Barcelona in extra time. Sevilla were the defending champions, but they were defeated by Real Madrid in the Semi-finals.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Del Rey Manga", "paragraph_text": "Del Rey Manga was the manga-publishing imprint of Del Rey Books, a branch of Ballantine Books, which in turn is part of Random House, the publishing division of Bertelsmann. It was formed as part of a cross-publishing relationship with Japanese publisher Kodansha. Some of the Del Rey titles, such as \"Tsubasa Chronicle\" and \"xxxHolic\", are published in the United Kingdom by Tanoshimi. Tricia Narwani, the editor of Del Rey, stated that \"Del Rey finds most of its talent through conventions and existing professional contacts.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2012 Copa del Rey Final", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 Copa del Rey Final was the 110th final since its establishment. The match was contested by Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona on 25 May 2012 at the Vicente Calder\u00f3n in Madrid. This was the clubs' first meeting in the final since the 2009 final where Barcelona won the trophy with a 4\u20131 victory. The same teams, which are the two with the most cup wins in the history of the competition, also met in the Round of 16 of the 2010\u201311 edition, in which Bar\u00e7a prevailed on away goals after two draws. Barcelona lifted the trophy for the 26th time in their history.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sara Del Rey", "paragraph_text": "Sara Amato (born November 13, 1980) is an American professional wrestling trainer and retired professional wrestler best known by her ring name Sara Del Rey. She was a mainstay for Chikara and Shimmer, but also appeared for many other independent promotions in the United States, including Ring of Honor (ROH), IWA Mid-South and All Pro Wrestling, as well as Mexico's Lucha Libre Femenil. Del Rey also taped several matches, competing under a mask and using the name Nic Grimes, for the MTV promotion Wrestling Society X. Del Rey was the inaugural Shimmer Champion and co-holder of the Shimmer Tag Team Championship with Courtney Rush, making her the promotion's first double champion. In 2012, Del Rey became only the fourth woman to make it to Pro Wrestling Illustrated's list of top 500 wrestlers in the world. She is currently employed by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) as the Assistant Head Coach and producer of their developmental territory NXT, based at the WWE Performance Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Yayo (Lana Del Rey song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Yayo\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey. It appears on her first extended play, \"Kill Kill\", her debut album, \"Lana Del Ray\", and her third EP, \"Paradise\". After the release of her third EP, the song charted in France. Before signing to a major record label, Del Rey released a self-produced music video for \"Yayo\". Ubiquitously, the song garnered acclaim, many reviewers saying the song was one of the best songs Del Rey has ever written and praising Del Rey's voice. Appearing on three of Del Rey's albums to date, the song is one of few that was authored solely by her. The original version of the song was released through 5 Point Records and produced by David Kahne, later being remastered by Emile Haynie and Dan Heath.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lana Del Rey videography", "paragraph_text": "American singer and occasional actress Lana Del Rey has appeared in three films as an actress, eighteen television shows, and three commercials, along with offering her talents to five films as singer. Del Rey's first appearance was in the independent film \"Poolside\" (2010), which features Del Rey playing Lisa, a rich girl who spends her days smoking cigarettes by the pool. She received top billing for the project. Del Rey's next appearance was in a less-than-one-minute long short art film titled \"Lana Del Rey\" which was produced by Interview magazine and features noir-ish style and cinematic themes. Del Rey's breakout appearance was in an Anthony Mandler directed film, which Del Rey wrote, titled \"Tropico\" (2013). The film features Del Rey as a fictionalized version of Eve while also playing the Virgin Mary. \"Tropico\" received positive reviews and was Del Rey's second film that gave her top billing. Along with appearing in a handful of short films, Del Rey has appeared in 18 television shows and specials as herself along with appearing in campaign commercials for companies including Keds and H&M.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Summertime Sadness", "paragraph_text": "\"Summertime Sadness\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey from her second studio album, \"Born to Die\". The trip hop ballad was released on June 22, 2012 by Interscope Records as the fourth single of the album. Charting across Europe, the single reached the top ten in Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Luxembourg, and Switzerland. In the spring of 2013, \"Summertime Sadness\" reached number one in Poland, Ukraine and Armenia. Trap and house remixes of \"Summertime Sadness\" helped Del Rey break into the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart. That chart is where Del Rey's song became a modest hit and marked her first foray into the chart. On the accompanied Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart, the single gave Del Rey her first US number-one single in August 2013. Earlier in 2012, the song also managed to become a rock hit in the US.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tropico (film)", "paragraph_text": "Tropico is a short film \"based on the Biblical story of sin and redemption\", starring Lana Del Rey as Eve and Shaun Ross as Adam. Written by Del Rey and directed by Anthony Mandler, the film premiered at the Cinerama Dome in Hollywood, California on December 4, 2013, before being uploaded to Del Rey's official Vevo account the following day. It features the songs \"Body Electric\", \"Gods & Monsters\", and \"Bel Air\", all taken from Del Rey's 2012 EP \"Paradise\". An EP of the film's name was also released that same month to the iTunes Store; it includes the film itself along with the three aforementioned songs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lana Del Rey (EP)", "paragraph_text": "Lana Del Rey is the second EP by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey. It was released on January 10, 2012 in the United States and Canada through Interscope Records. After publishing two unsuccessful works, an EP, \"Kill Kill\" (2008) and a studio album, \"Lana Del Ray\" (2010), the four-track EP was released in anticipation of Del Rey's major label debut \"Born to Die\" (2012). The tracks are influenced by several genres, including indie pop, hip hop, and alternative music. The lyrics and melody were written primarily by Del Rey, Patrik Berger, and Justin Parker. Production of the album was led by Emile Haynie, who also co-wrote \"Blue Jeans\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lana Del Ray (album)", "paragraph_text": "Lana Del Ray (alternatively written as Lana Del Ray a.k.a. Lizzy Grant) is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey. The album was released digitally via the iTunes Store by 5 Points Records on January 4, 2010 when she was known as Lana Del \"Ray\". However, the record was eventually pulled from retailers soon afterwards because, according to Del Rey, the label was unable to fund it. Del Rey ultimately bought back the rights to the album, whose title uses an alternate spelling of the singer's stage name, \"Del Rey\" being spelled \"Del Ray\" instead. After releasing \"Born to Die\" (2012) under her stage name Lana Del Rey, she expressed her wish to re-release the album.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae7b6055542993210983f00", "question_text": "What is the organized crime syndicate founded and led by Carlos Alberto Rosales Mendoza who is friends with Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["La Familia Michoacana"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Homero C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n", "paragraph_text": "Homero Enrique C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n (13 March 1966 \u2013 allegedly died on 28 March 2014), also known by his aliases El Majadero and El Orej\u00f3n, was a Mexican suspected drug lord and alleged leader of the Gulf Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. He is the brother of the former Gulf Cartel leaders Antonio, Mario, and Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guillen. During the late 1990s, Homero worked for the Gulf Cartel under the tutelage of his brothers. However, after several years of government crackdowns, the Gulf Cartel suffered severe drawbacks, including the death and arrests of Homero's brothers and allies. In August 2013, Homero became the de facto leader of the Gulf Cartel following the arrest of Mario Ram\u00edrez Trevi\u00f1o. However, he reportedly died of a heart attack on 28 March 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Mario C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n", "paragraph_text": "Mario Alberto C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n is a former leader of the Mexican criminal group called the Gulf Cartel. He is the brother of Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n and Antonio C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Arturo Guzm\u00e1n Decena", "paragraph_text": "Arturo Guzm\u00e1n Decena (a.k.a. Z-1) (13 January 1976 \u2013 21 November 2002) was a Mexican Army Special Forces operative who in 1997 defected to the Gulf Cartel and subsequently founded the criminal syndicate's enforcement wing at the behest of drug baron Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n. Known today as Los Zetas, the cartel's armed wing ultimately broke apart and formed its own drug trafficking organization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "H\u00e9ctor Manuel Sauceda Gamboa", "paragraph_text": "H\u00e9ctor Manuel Sauceda Gamboa (died 17 February 2009), commonly referred to by his alias El Karis, was an alleged drug trafficker and high-ranking leader of the Gulf Cartel (Spanish: \"C\u00e1rtel del Golfo\"), a Mexican drug trafficking organization. He was the brother of the drug lord Gregorio Sauceda Gamboa, another high-ranking drug trafficker who worked under the tutelage of Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n, the former top leader of the cartel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n", "paragraph_text": "Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n (born May 18, 1967) is a former Mexican drug lord and the former leader of the Gulf Cartel (Spanish: \"C\u00e1rtel del Golfo\" ) and Los Zetas. Originally a mechanic in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, where he was born, he entered the Gulf Cartel by helping Juan Garc\u00eda Abrego, the capo at the time; when Garc\u00eda \u00c1brego was arrested in 1996, some infighting erupted within the cartel. Osiel C\u00e1rdenas eventually took control by killing his friend and contender Salvador G\u00f3mez, earning C\u00e1rdenas the nickname \"\"El Mata Amigos\"\" (The Friend-Killer).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "La Familia Michoacana", "paragraph_text": "La Familia Michoacana, (English: \"The Michoac\u00e1n Family\") La Familia (English: \"The Family\"), or LFM was a Mexican drug cartel and a organized crime syndicate based in the Mexican state of Michoac\u00e1n. Formerly allied to the Gulf Cartel\u2014as part of Los Zetas\u2014it split off in 2006. The cartel was founded by Carlos Rosales Mendoza a close associate of Osiel C\u00e1rdenas. The second leader, Nazario Moreno Gonz\u00e1lez, known as \"El M\u00e1s Loco\" (English: \"The Craziest One\"), preached his organization's divine right to eliminate enemies. He carried a \"bible\" of his own sayings and insisted that his army of traffickers and hitmen avoid using the narcotics they sell. Nazario Moreno's partners were Jos\u00e9 de Jes\u00fas M\u00e9ndez Vargas, Servando G\u00f3mez Mart\u00ednez and Enrique Plancarte Sol\u00eds, each of whom has a bounty of $2 million for his capture, and were contesting the control of the organization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Carlos Rosales Mendoza", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Alberto Rosales Mendoza (12 February 1963 \u2013 27 December 2015) was a former Mexican drug lord who founded and led an organized crime syndicate called La Familia Michoacana. He was a close friend and associate of Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n, the former leader of the Gulf Cartel.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Joaqu\u00edn &quot;El Chapo&quot; Guzm\u00e1n", "paragraph_text": "Joaqu\u00edn Archivaldo Guzm\u00e1n Loera (] ; born on 25 December 1954 or 4 April 1957) is a Mexican drug lord who headed the Sinaloa Cartel, a criminal organization named after the Mexican Pacific coast state of Sinaloa where it was formed. Known as \"El Chapo\" (\"Shorty\", ] ) for his 168 cm stature, he became Mexico's top drug kingpin in 2003 after the arrest of his rival Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n of the Gulf Cartel, and was considered the \"most powerful drug trafficker in the world\" by the United States Department of the Treasury.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Samuel Flores Borrego", "paragraph_text": "Samuel Flores Borrego (a.k.a. Metro 3) (6 August 1972 \u2013 2 September 2011) was a Mexican drug lord and high-ranking lieutenant of the Gulf Cartel. He was a former state judicial policeman who protected the ex-leader of the Gulf cartel, Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n. Upon his arrest, Flores Borrego became the right-hand man of Jorge Eduardo Costilla S\u00e1nchez, the former leader of the criminal organization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rafael C\u00e1rdenas Vela", "paragraph_text": "Rafael C\u00e1rdenas Vela (a.k.a. \"El Junior\") is a former Mexican drug lord and high-ranking lieutenant of the Gulf Cartel. He is the nephew of Antonio and Osiel C\u00e1rdenas Guill\u00e9n, two men who at one time led the criminal organization.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5aba7cfe554299232ef4a2fd", "question_text": "The 2017\u201318 Wigan Athletic F.C. season will be a year in which the team competes in the league cup known as what for sponsorship reasons?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Carabao Cup"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Springfield Park (Wigan)", "paragraph_text": "Springfield Park was a multi-purpose stadium in Wigan, Greater Manchester. It was the home ground of Wigan Athletic F.C. until the club moved to the new JJB Stadium (now DW Stadium) after the 1998\u201399 season. At its largest, the stadium held 40,000. In its 102-year existence the ground only saw 32 years as a Football League venue, 11 years for Wigan Borough F.C. and 21 years for Wigan Athletic FC, before it was demolished to make way for a housing estate in 1999.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Nick Powell", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Edward \"Nick\" Powell (born 23 March 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays for Wigan Athletic as a midfielder. He began his career at Crewe Alexandra, initially as a forward, making his debut at the age of 16. After impressing for Crewe Alexandra during the 2011\u201312 season, including scoring in their 2\u20130 victory in the League Two play-off Final, he moved to Manchester United in July 2012. Unable to break into the Manchester United first team, however, he went on loan to Wigan Athletic, Leicester City and Hull City before being released in June 2016. He joined Wigan Athletic in July 2016. He has represented England at under-16, under-17, under-18, under-19 and under-21 levels.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2017\u201318 Wigan Athletic F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 2017\u201318 season is Wigan Athletic's 86th year in existence and their first back in League One, after being relegated the previous season. Along with competing in the league, the club will also participate in the FA Cup, EFL Cup and EFL Trophy. Paul Cook was appointed as manager on 31 May 2017, signing a 3 year deal, following the departure of much of the previous coaching staff the day before.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "1979\u201380 Wigan Athletic F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 1979\u201380 season was the 42nd season in the history of Wigan Athletic F.C. and their second as a professional club in the Football League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of Wigan Borough F.C. players", "paragraph_text": "Wigan Borough F.C. was an English football club based in the town of Wigan. The club was founded in 1920 and joined the Lancashire Combination. In 1921, Borough turned professional when their application was accepted to play in the inaugural season of the newly formed Football League Third Division North. The team played in the Football League for ten seasons, with their most successful season coming in 1928\u201329, finishing fourth in the league and reaching the third round of the FA Cup. Wigan Borough folded during the 1931\u201332 season due to financial problems, and League football did not return to the town until Wigan Athletic F.C. were elected into the Football League in 1978.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "1978\u201379 Wigan Athletic F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 1978\u201379 season was the 41st season in the history of Wigan Athletic F.C. and their first as a professional club in the Football League. After finishing 2nd in the Northern Premier League during the previous season, the club was nominated to apply for Football League status, and were elected into the league to replace Southport. After a poor start, the club exceeded expectations in the league, and towards the end of the season, a second consecutive promotion seemed possible. The club eventually fell short, finishing the season in 6th place with a total of 55 points.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Trinidad and Tobago League Cup", "paragraph_text": "The Trinidad and Tobago League Cup, or commonly known as the First Citizens Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the league cup style football competition open for Trinidad and Tobago teams competing in the country's TT Pro League. Similar to the FA Trophy, it is played on a knockout (single elimination) basis in September and October towards the beginning of each Pro League season. Unlike the FA Trophy, where 36 teams enter each season from the top three tiers of the Trinidad and Tobago football league system and the Secondary Schools Football League, only teams from the TT Pro League compete in the league cup. The knockout tournament was inaugurated in 2000 and is currently sponsored by First Citizens Bank. Although the league cup is one of the three major domestic trophies attainable by Trinidad and Tobago league teams, it is perceived as a lower priority than the league championship and the FA Trophy. The current theme is \"Where Winners Reign\", with TT$110,000 to the winner, TT$20,000 to the runners-up, semifinal winners receive TT$7,000, quaterfinal winners receive TT$5,000 and Play-off round winners receive TT$3,000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "EFL Cup", "paragraph_text": "The EFL Cup (referred to historically, and colloquially, as simply the League Cup), currently known as the Carabao Cup for sponsorship reasons, is an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic English football. Organised by the English Football League (EFL), it is open to any club within the top four levels of the English football league system \u2013 92 clubs in total \u2013 comprising the top level Premier League, and the three divisions of the English Football League's own league competition (Championship, League One and League Two).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2007\u201308 Wigan Athletic F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 2007\u201308 Wigan Athletic F.C. season was the club's 30th season in the Football League and their third season in the Premier League.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "2006\u201307 Wigan Athletic F.C. season", "paragraph_text": "The 2006\u201307 Wigan Athletic F.C. season was the club's 29th season in the Football League and their second season in the Premier League.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abb11c15542992ccd8e7ef8", "question_text": "Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez's assistant and head of her fan club will be eligible for parole on what date?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["March 30, 2025"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Murder of Selena", "paragraph_text": "Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez (April 16, 1971 \u2013 March 31, 1995) was an American singer who achieved international fame as a member of Selena y Los Dinos and for her subsequent solo career in both Spanish and English Her father and manager, Abraham Quintanilla Jr., appointed Yolanda Sald\u00edvar president of Selena's fan club in 1991 after Sald\u00edvar had repeatedly asked permission to start one. In January 1994, Sald\u00edvar was promoted to manager of the singer's boutiques. Selena's employees, fashion designer, and cousin began complaining about Sald\u00edvar's management style. In January 1995, Quintanilla, Jr. began receiving telephone calls and letters from angry fans who had sent membership payments and had received nothing in return. He began investigating their complaints and found evidence that Sald\u00edvar had embezzled $60,000 from the fan club and the boutiques using forged checks. After the Quintanilla family confronted her, Sald\u00edvar bought a gun, lured Selena to a motel room, and shot her in the back. Although doctors tried to revive Selena, she was pronounced dead from loss of blood and cardiac arrest.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Yolanda Sald\u00edvar", "paragraph_text": "Yolanda Sald\u00edvar (born September 19, 1960) is an American woman who was convicted of the murder of Tejano singer, Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez on March 31, 1995, at the Days Inn motel in Corpus Christi, Texas. She will be eligible for parole on March 30, 2025.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Selena (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "Selena (Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez, 1971\u20131995) was an American singer.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mirador de la Flor", "paragraph_text": "Mirador de la Flor (English: Lookout of the Flower ) is a monument in Corpus Christi, Texas that was unveiled in 1997 to honor Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez, the Tejano singer who was murdered by her assistant and head of her fan club Yolanda Sald\u00edvar, two years earlier at the age of 23. People from around the world visit the site, which is located only a few miles north of Seaside Memorial Park where Selena is buried. It is located at the corner of Peoples Street T-Head and Shoreline Boulevard and consists of a 5'8\" life-sized bronze statue of Selena wearing a leather jacket with microphone in hand, sculpted by H.W. \"Buddy\" Tatum, a Corpus Christi artist. She is leaning against a concrete pillar looking towards the Corpus Christi Bay.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Selena Forever", "paragraph_text": "Selena Forever is an American stage musical, based on the film \"Selena\", that tells the life of the famous Tejano singer Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez. The musical has been staged under two titles. The first - \"Selena Forever\" was conceived with book and original lyrics by Edward Gallardo and original music by Fernando Rivas as well as additional songs that were originally performed by Selena herself. The musical premiered at the San Antonio Municipal Auditorium before launching on an ill-fated 30 city tour. The musical was then restaged as \"Selena: A Musical Celebration of Life\" in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Selena (film)", "paragraph_text": "Selena is a 1997 American biographical musical drama film written and directed by Gregory Nava about the life and career of the late Tejano music star Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez, a recording artist well known in the Mexican American and Hispanic communities in the United States and Mexico before she was murdered by Yolanda Sald\u00edvar, the president of her fan club, at the age of 23.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Selena \u00a1VIVE!", "paragraph_text": "Selena \u00a1VIVE! (English: Selena Lives! ) was a benefit concert which was held on the tenth anniversary of the death of Tejano superstar Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez. The concert was held on April 7, 2005 at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas with over 70,000 attendees. The special was produced and filmed by the Spanish language network, Univision, and is the most watched Spanish-language special in U.S. history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "List of people influenced by Selena", "paragraph_text": "Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez (April 16, 1971\u00a0\u2013 March 31, 1995) was an American Tejano singer, songwriter, spokesperson, actress and fashion designer. She was born in Lake Jackson, Texas, 54 miles south of Houston, and her family moved to Corpus Christi after declaring bankruptcy. Her father, a musician before her birth, formed his children into Selena y Los Dinos (with A.B. Quintanilla on bass, Suzette Quintanilla on drums and Selena singing) when he discovered her musical talent. Selena received the Tejano Music Award for Female Vocalist of the Year for nine consecutive years, beginning in 1987. She signed her first major contract with EMI Latin in 1989, releasing four Spanish-language albums which were milestones in the Latin music industry. EMI Latin then wanted her to release a crossover album, transitioning from Spanish- to English-language pop songs. On March 31, 1995, Selena was shot and killed by Yolanda Saldivar, her friend and the former manager of her boutiques. Reaction to her death was compared to the grief following the deaths of musicians John Lennon and Elvis Presley and U.S. president John F. Kennedy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Corpus: A Home Movie About Selena", "paragraph_text": "Corpus: A Home Movie about Selena (1998) is a film by filmmaker, Lourdes Portillo about Mexican American singer-songwriter Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez. It places emphasis on the transformation of Selena from a popular entertainer into a modern-day saint and role model. This documentary uses authentic home videos, news stories, footage from concerts and a debate between intellectuals to analyze the effect of Selena and Selena\u2019s murder at the hands of Yolanda Saldivar, the president of her fan club.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Selena Remembered", "paragraph_text": "Selena Remembered is a DVD/CD by Mexican-American Tejano singer Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez, released on April 1, 1997 on VHS and on January 25, 2005 on DVD. The DVD features Edward James Olmos narrating special moments and triumphs that helped Selena, and her band Selena y Los Dinos, into superstardom in North America. The DVD's logo \"Her Life\", \"Her Music\", and \"Her Dream\" are featured on both the DVD and CD covers.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abf11d45542997719eab660", "question_text": "Driven To Perform has a sponsor that includes the electronics store chain from what country?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Canada"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Target Australia", "paragraph_text": "Target Australia Pty Ltd (formerly Lindsay's and later Lindsay's Target) is a mid-price department store chain owned by Wesfarmers. It is Australia's largest department store chain by store number, operating 308 stores throughout the country (183 Target stores and 125 Target Country). Products it sells include branded clothing, cosmetics, homewares, electrical, fitness and consumer electronics. The company's national support office is currently located in North Geelong, Victoria but will move its headquarters to Williams Landing at the end of 2018.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Future Shop", "paragraph_text": "Future Shop was a Canadian electronics store chain. It was established in 1982 by Hassan Khosrowshahi. By 1990, the chain had become the country's largest retailer of computer and consumer electronics. In January 2013, the company operated 139 locations across Canada.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Festival Foods (Minnesota)", "paragraph_text": "Festival Foods is a family owned grocery store chain based in Minnesota (not to be confused with the Wisconsin store chain) and operates six stores in the Twin Cities. Festival Foods is owned and operated by sisters, Marie Aarthun and Lauri Youngquist. Their stores are located in Andover, Bloomington, Brooklyn Park, Hugo, Lexington and White Bear Lake. The stores in Andover and Hugo feature Dunn Bros in-store coffee houses that roast their beans fresh on-site. The chain also contains other special in-store offerings, such as a full selection liquor store in Hugo and a caf\u00e9 at the Bloomington Location. Festival Foods stores were previously located in Vadnais Heights and Virginia, Minnesota.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "X-cite by Alghanim Electronics", "paragraph_text": "X-cite by Alghanim Electronics (part of Alghanim Industries) is an electronics store currently based in Kuwait. Their product line includes computers & tablets, mobile phones, cameras, TVs, audio & MP3, games & toys, major appliances, small housewares, watches, fitness gear, and home furnishing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Fred Meyer", "paragraph_text": "Fred Meyer, Inc., is a chain of superstores founded in 1922 in Portland, Oregon, by Fred G. Meyer (not to be confused with Frederik Gerhard Hendrik Meijer, former chairman of the Meijer superstore chain, which is based in Michigan, with stores in the Midwest). The company was one of the pioneers of one-stop shopping, eventually combining a complete grocery supermarket with a drugstore, clothing store, shoe store, fine jewelers, home decor store, home improvement center, garden center, electronics store, toy store, sporting goods store, and more under one roof.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Times Square Stores", "paragraph_text": "Times Square Stores (also called TSS and TSS Seedman's) was an American department store chain based in New York City that operated from 1929 to 1989. By the late 1980s the chain operated 12 stores in New York and 6 in Puerto Rico, and an off-price ladies' apparel chain, \"Finders Keepers\", which had 15 locations. The New York department stores ranged in size from 160,000 to 220000 sqft . During its prime it was considered Long Island's most prominent discount department store chain.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Driven To Perform", "paragraph_text": "Driven To Perform (DTP) is an auto show billed as Western Canada's largest and most established automotive lifestyles tour and originally featured mainly import tuner sport compact cars. The inaugural show was held in Vancouver, BC in 2002 as Import Showoff Canada, but has since changed its name and expanded to include other vehicle types and into the other large metropolitan cities in this region of Canada. Major sponsors include Toyo Tires, Future Shop, Mobil1, Honda, Mazda, Lordco and Visions Electronics.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jim Westwood", "paragraph_text": "Jim Westwood was the chief engineer at Sinclair Research Ltd in the 1980s, starting at the company in 1963. Westwood was the technical mastermind behind many of Sinclair's products and worked there for more than twenty years. Sir Clive Sinclair and Westwood shared a connection even before they met when Westwood had previously worked at an electronics store in London which was owned by Bernard Babani, Sinclair's publisher. This gave Westwood a good degree of familiarity with Sinclair's designs, which prompted him to join Sinclair's fledgling company, Sinclair Radionics. Westwood subsequently had a hand in most of the company's products, including the calculators, audio equipment, ZX Spectrum computers and TV80. He is still designing hardware for Amino Communications, and is a partner in Cambridge Electronics Consultancy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Nguyenkim Shopping Center", "paragraph_text": "Nguyenkim Shopping Center (also known as \"Nguyenkim Electronic Appliance Center\") is the largest electronics shopping center (one-stop shop) in Ho Chi Minh City that sells household appliances, refrigerations, computers, recreational, and telecommunications products from world famous brands such as Sony, Panasonic, Toshiba, Philips, JVC, Sanyo, Sharp, Samsung, LG, Electrolux, HP, IBM, etc. It was established as a small electronics store by Nguyen Van Kim in 1992 and has been developed since then.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "L&amp;F Jones", "paragraph_text": "L&F Jones Holdings Ltd is a company based in Westfield, Somerset, England, that includes a convenience store chain, a wholesale food business, and a Best Western PLUS hotel. The store chain comprises twelve shops in Somerset, Wiltshire, Dorset, South Gloucestershire, and Bristol.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7f296f55429934daa2fd10", "question_text": "Live Wire Radio will possibly be considered as a replacement for a variety show created in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1974"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Floater (band)", "paragraph_text": "Floater is an American rock band currently based in Portland, Oregon. The band was started in 1993 by Robert Wynia, Peter Cornett and David Amador. They are known for their progressive concept albums, stylized storytelling, intense live performances, and devoted fanbase. Floater routinely sells out local venues in Oregon and periodically plays shows in the neighboring states of Washington, California, Nevada, and Idaho. Floater has played a variety of venues, including CBGB in New York and the Roxy Theatre in Los Angeles. The band was also a musical guest for Live Wire Radio on OPB radio. The band has been voted the \"Best Band\" in the Willamette Week's \"Best of Portland\" reader's poll for 2009 and 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Live Wire: Woody Guthrie in Performance 1949", "paragraph_text": "The Live Wire: Woody Guthrie in Performance 1949 is a recording of a concert by Woody Guthrie in Newark, New Jersey, one of a small number of surviving live recordings of the folk singer. The program consists of Guthrie answering questions from his wife Marjorie about his life, and singing songs. The recording was made on an inexpensive wire recorder by Paul Braverman, and a significant restoration process was required to clean up the audio on the two spools of wire. In 2008 the album won a Grammy Award for Best Historical Album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Luke Burbank", "paragraph_text": "Luke Burbank (born May 8, 1976) is an American radio host and podcaster who hosts the Portland, Oregon-based syndicated variety show \"Live Wire Radio\" and the Seattle-based former radio program and current podcast \"Too Beautiful to Live\". He was most recently co-host of \"The Ross and Burbank Show\" and host of \"The Luke Burbank Show\" on Seattle's KIRO-FM radio station. Burbank is also a correspondent for CBS News Sunday Morning.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Live Wire (Martha and the Vandellas song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Live Wire\" is a 1964 dance single released by Motown girl group Martha and the Vandellas. The song was produced by Holland\u2013Dozier\u2013Holland under the same gospel-pop confection of their earlier hit singles \"(Love Is Like a) Heat Wave\" and \"Quicksand\". The song explained why the narrator can't come up with words to tell her lover that she was through with him because when she looks at him, she feels that he is \"like a bolt of lightning\" and that he's a \"live wire\". The song failed to hit the Top 40 of the pop chart (peaking at #42) and reached #11 on Cashbox's R&B singles chart (the \"Billboard\" R&B chart was suspended until January 1965).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Desde Gayola", "paragraph_text": "Desde Gayola was a Mexican late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Horacio Villalobos. The show premiered on the music video network Telehit in February 2002 as a sketch into the variety show \"V\u00e1lvula de Escape\". The show revolves around a series of parodies about Mexican culture, sexuality and politics, performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Too Beautiful to Live", "paragraph_text": "Too Beautiful to Live (often abbreviated to TBTL) is a podcast originating from Seattle, Washington and Bellingham, Washington (the Bay City), co-hosted by Luke Burbank, CBS News Sunday Morning correspondent, host of Live Wire Radio and frequent NPR's Wait Wait...Don't Tell Me! panelist, and veteran radio producer and one time radio host Andrew Walsh. The podcast originated as a radio show on KIRO-FM which aired from January 7, 2008 to September 11, 2009. Upon its radio broadcast cancellation, it immediately transitioned to a podcast on September 14, 2009, and is still produced Monday through Friday.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Livewire", "paragraph_text": "Livewire(s), Live Wire(s), The Live Wire or Live Wired may refer to:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Live Wire Radio", "paragraph_text": "Live Wire Radio is a radio variety show that was launched in 2004 in Portland, Oregon. Staff at the upstart, weekly show are hoping to position it to possibly be considered by American Public Media as a replacement for Garrison Keillor's \"A Prairie Home Companion\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "A Prairie Home Companion", "paragraph_text": "A Prairie Home Companion is a live weekly radio variety show hosted by musician and songwriter Chris Thile. The program was created in 1974 by Garrison Keillor, who hosted it until 2016. It airs on Saturdays from 5 to 7 p.m. Central Time, from the Fitzgerald Theater in Saint Paul, Minnesota; it is also frequently heard on tours to New York City and other US cities. The show is known for its musical guests, especially folk and traditional musicians, tongue-in-cheek radio drama, and relaxed humor. Keillor's wry storytelling segment, \"News from Lake Wobegon\", was the show's best-known feature during his long tenure.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Live Wire (album)", "paragraph_text": "Live Wire is a 2004 live CD/DVD released by Christian rock band Third Day. All of the tracks, except for \"Sing a Song\" and \"Blackbird\", are from their album \"Wire\", released earlier that year. \"Thank You All\" was recorded especially for \"Live Wire\". Some of the songs were cut off the CD but can be found on the DVD. The concert was shot and recorded in Louisville, Kentucky, at the Palace Theater. It has been certified Platinum by the RIAA.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac546975542993e66e8229a", "question_text": "What year was the early consumer co-operative, in which a 2012 British biographical feature film tells the story of, formed?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1844"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers", "paragraph_text": "The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers, founded in 1844, was an early consumer co-operative, and one of the first to pay a patronage dividend, forming the basis for the modern co-operative movement.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Moulton Co-operative Society", "paragraph_text": "The Moulton Co-operative Society Limited, or simply Moulton Co-op, was a small regional consumer co-operative in the United Kingdom. The society was formed in 1861 and operated a single supermarket in Moulton, Northamptonshire. In January 2009, members voted overwhelmingly to transfer arrangements to Midlands Co-operative Society, which took effect on 8 February 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Co-operative Group", "paragraph_text": "The Co-operative Group, trading as The Co-op, is a British consumer co-operative with a diverse family of retail businesses including food retail; electrical retail; financial services; insurance services; legal services and funeralcare, with in excess of 4,200 locations. It is the largest consumer co-operative in the UK and owned by more than 4 million active members. Membership is open to everyone aged 16 and over in the society, provided they agree to subscribe \u00a31 sterling in the capital of the society out of their first share of the profits and share the values & principles upon which the group was founded. Members are democratically involved in setting business strategy, decide how social goals are achieved, and share in its profits - in the 2016 \u00a319m was returned to members and their chosen local community causes via the 5+1 scheme. No year end dividend was paid in 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Anglia Regional Co-operative Society", "paragraph_text": "Anglia Regional Co-operative Society Limited was the fifth largest consumer co-operative in the United Kingdom. It was formed by the merger of the Greater Peterborough Regional and Anglia (formerly Waveney) co-operative societies in 1987. The Society had a wide-ranging and extensive portfolio with over 80 stores, principally trading in East Anglia. Head office was located at Westgate House, Peterborough until 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Up There", "paragraph_text": "Up There is a 2012 British feature film comedy-drama, written and directed by Scottish-based film-maker Zam Salim. It stars Burn Gorman, Kate O'Flynn, Aymen Hamdouchi, Chris Waitt, Jo Hartley and Warren Brown. It is financed by the UK Film Council, BBC and Creative Scotland. It is based on Zam Salim's award-winning short film 'Laid Off' which has over half a million hits on YouTube. 'Up There' received its World Premiere at the International Film Festival of Mannheim-Heidelberg on 18 November 2011. It won the award for Best Feature Film at the 2012 British Academy Scotland Awards, and was broadcast on BBC Two in August 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "An Honest Liar", "paragraph_text": "An Honest Liar is a 2014 biographical feature film documentary, directed and produced by Justin Weinstein and Tyler Measom, written by Weinstein, Greg O'Toole and Measom, produced through Left Turn Films, Pure Mutt Productions and Part2 Filmworks, and distributed by Abramorama. It was pitched at the 2012 Sheffield Doc/Fest MeetMarket. The film documents the life of former magician, escape artist, and skeptical educator James Randi, in particular the investigations through which Randi publicly exposed psychics, faith healers, and con-artists. The film also focuses on Randi's relationship with his partner of 25 years, Jos\u00e9 Alvarez, who at the time of filming, had been discovered to be living under a false identity, calling into question \"whether Randi was the deceiver or the deceived.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Penrith Co-operative Society", "paragraph_text": "The Penrith Co-operative Society Limited, known locally as Penrith Co-op, was a small regional consumer co-operative in the United Kingdom. The society was formed in 1890 and at the time of its merger with Scotmid it operated one department store with supermarket attached and eight small supermarkets or convenience stores in Cumbria and County Durham.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Phone Co-op", "paragraph_text": "The Phone Co-op, is a consumer co-operative in the United Kingdom, which provides fixed, mobile telephone and internet services, including web hosting and broadband. It is 100% owned by its customer-members who democratically control the business and who share in its profits. This makes The Phone Co-op the only telephone co-operative in the UK. The co-op is a Social enterprise and was awarded the title of UK customer-facing social enterprise of the year 2015. The business is a living wage employer and is accredited to hold the \"Fair Tax Mark\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Woodlands Farm Trust", "paragraph_text": "The Woodlands Farm Trust is a registered charity that administers the 89-acre Woodlands Urban Farm on the SE fringes of Inner London. The farm was saved by the community from development by house builders in a successful local campaign stretching from 1995 to 1997. It was previously threatened by the Greater London Council plan for the East London river crossing and road scheme which crossed the land and was planned to run through the adjacent ancient forest. The Farm Land is owned by The Co-operative Group a UK consumer co-operative society, but leased to the charity on a 999-year lease at peppercorn rent. The farm is located on Shooter's Hill, Greenwich, situated a vein of protected Metropolitan Open strectching from Eltham to Plumstead and Welling in South East London, across Shooter's Hill (A207 road) from Oxleas Wood and located next to the new London Olympic Legacy Horse Riding College.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Rochdale Pioneers", "paragraph_text": "The Rochdale Pioneers is a British biographical feature film, released in 2012, that tells the story of the foundation of the first successful cooperative retail store by working class members of the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers, in 1844. This came at a time of chronic unemployment, poverty, hunger and social inequality, and it was met with prejudice and opposition.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a81e4e8554299676cceb140", "question_text": "In which University is Richard Williams' former assistant a member of the Athletics Hall of Fame?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Campbellsville University"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rick Stansbury", "paragraph_text": "Richard Lee Stansbury (born December 23, 1959), is an American college basketball and the current head coach of the Western Kentucky University basketball team. He was previously the head coach at Mississippi State. He was hired as the WKU head coach on March 28, 2016. He is a member of the Campbellsville University Athletics Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bill Strannigan", "paragraph_text": "William \"Bill\" Matthew Strannigan (December 1, 1918 \u2013 September 7, 1997) was a college men's basketball coach . He was the head coach of Colorado State from 1950 to 1954, Iowa State from 1954 to 1959, and Wyoming from 1959 to 1973. He coached his teams to a 308-289 record, winning one Mountain States Conference championship, two Western Athletic Conference championships, two NCAA tournament appearances, and two NIT appearances. He played his college basketball at Wyoming. He was inducted into the Wyoming athletics Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Iowa State athletics Hall of Fame in 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Osborne Cowles", "paragraph_text": "Osborne Bryan Cowles (August 25, 1899 \u2013 August 29, 1997) was an American basketball player and coach. He was the head men's basketball coach at Carleton College (1924\u20131930), River Falls State Teachers College (now University of Wisconsin\u2013River Falls) (1932\u20131936), Dartmouth College (1936\u20131946), University of Michigan (1946\u20131948), and University of Minnesota (1948\u20131959). He was also the head baseball coach and assistant basketball and football coach at Iowa State Teachers College, now the University of Northern Iowa during 1923\u201324. In 30 seasons as a collegiate head basketball coach, Cowles compiled a record of 416\u2013189 ( ). His teams competed in the NCAA basketball tournament six times. At the time of his retirement in 1959, Cowles ranked among the top 15 college basketball coaches of all-time by number of games won. He has been inducted into the Helms Foundation Hall of Fame, the Dartmouth \"Wearers of the Green,\" the University of Minnesota \"M\" Club Hall of Fame, the Carleton College Hall of Fame, and the University of Wisconsin-River Falls Athletics Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kermit Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame", "paragraph_text": "The Kermit Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame is the shrine which all Ohio University Bobcats greats aspire to enter. Since 1965, inductees to the Blosser Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame are inducted during banquet ceremonies the evening prior to a designated home football game. Inductees are also recognized during a special halftime ceremony at the football game the following day. Inductees are also honored into perpetuity as their portrait and accomplishments are displayed in the Ohio Athletics Hall of Fame currently located in the Convocation Center.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ken Hayes", "paragraph_text": "Ken Hayes (born 1931) was the head men's basketball coach at Tulsa (1968\u201375), New Mexico State (1975\u201379), Oral Roberts (1979\u201382) and Northeastern State (1983\u201397). Hayes was inducted into the Tulsa University Athletics Hall of Fame (2008), the Northeastern State Athletics Hall of Fame (1999), and the Bacone College Athletics Hall of Fame (2013).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Harry Gallatin", "paragraph_text": "Harry Junior \"The Horse\" Gallatin (April 26, 1927 \u2013 October 7, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and coach. Gallatin played nine seasons for the New York Knicks in the NBA from 1948 to 1957, as well as one season with the Detroit Pistons in the 1957\u201358 season. Gallatin led the NBA in rebounding and was named to the All-NBA First Team in 1954. The following year, he was named to the All-NBA Second Team. For his career, Gallatin played in seven NBA All-Star Games. A member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, he is also a member of the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame, the SIU Edwardsville Athletics Hall of Fame, the Truman State University Athletics Hall of Fame, the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame, two Illinois Basketball Halls of Fame, the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA) Hall of Fame, the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) Hall of Fame, and the SIU Salukis Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Richard Williams (basketball coach)", "paragraph_text": "Richard Williams was the college basketball head coach at Mississippi State from 1986 to 1998. He is the 2nd most successful coach in school history with 191 victories (191\u2013163 .540) bested only by his former assistant, Rick Stansbury. His 1991 squad won the Southeastern Conference championship and made the NCAA tournament losing in the first round to Eastern Michigan. His 1995 squad made the Sweet Sixteen, and his 1996 squad made the school's only Final Four appearance losing to Syracuse 77\u201369. He received two SEC Coach of the Year awards. Richard Williams resigned as the head coach at MSU two years removed from his Final Four appearance. After leaving MSU, he coached the Memphis Houn'Dawgs of the ABA and the Jackson Rage of the WBA. and coached for a time at his alma mater, Pearl High School. He served as the Director of Basketball Administration at UAB in 2008 and in 2009 he was named the Director of Basketball Administration and Program Coordinator for the Louisiana Tech men\u2019s basketball team on a volunteer basis.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Lester Lautenschlaeger", "paragraph_text": "Lester Joseph Lautenschlaeger (May 27, 1904 \u2013 August 5, 1986) was an American football player and coach and politician. He played at the quarterback position at Tulane University from 1922 to 1925, served as an assistant football coach at Tulane from 1929 to 1935, and served in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1928 to 1932. He was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1975, the Tulane Athletics Hall of Fame in 1977, and the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame in 1983.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Speedy Speer", "paragraph_text": "James Harrel \"Speedy\" Speer (March 5, 1895 \u2013 September 2, 1976) was a college football player for the Furman Paladins of Furman University and a high school football coach. He was elected to the South Carolina Athletics Hall of Fame in 1974, and the Furman Athletics Hall of Fame in 1981.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "David Rankin (American football)", "paragraph_text": "David William Rankin (February 2, 1919 \u2013 December 8, 2006) was an American football player and track athlete and coach. He was a consensus first-team All-American at the end position at Purdue University in 1940. He also set a U.S. indoor record in the 60-yard low hurdles in 1940. During World War II, he served as a fighter pilot in the United States Marine Corps. He later worked as the head coach of the Purdue track team from 1946 to 1981. He was also an assistant football coach at Purdue in 1947 and 1948. He was also the U.S. track team coach at the 1975 World University Games. He has been inducted into the Purdue Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame (1998), the Indiana Football Hall of Fame (1977) and the Drake Relays Coaches Hall of Fame (1995). Rankin died in 2006 at the age of 87.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7a11c85542996a35c170b4", "question_text": "What is the English translation of the name of the novel series which the Four III is the final installment of?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["\"The Four Great Constables\""]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Beaufort (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Beaufort (English translation of \"\u05d0\u05dd \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d2\u05df \u05e2\u05d3\u05df\"; in Hebrew: If There's a Heaven) is the first novel by Israeli author and media professional Ron Leshem. The work was initially published in 2005 and in English translation under this title in 2007. The novel was the basis for the 2007 Academy Award-nominated film \"Beaufort\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Four (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Four is a 2012 Chinese-Hong Kong \"wuxia\" film directed by Gordon Chan and Janet Chun. It is the first film adaptation of Woon Swee Oan's novel series \"Si Da Ming Bu\" (\u56db\u5927\u540d\u6355; \"The Four Great Constables\"), which has previously been adapted to a television series. In all adaptations and interpretations, the nicknames of the Four remained the same \u2014 Emotionless, Iron Hands, Life Snatcher and Cold Blood. They dedicated their special skills to the service of their chief, Master Zhuge, in solving crimes and apprehending powerful criminals.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The 13\u00bd Lives of Captain Bluebear", "paragraph_text": "The 13\u2044 Lives of Captain Bluebear is a 1999 fantasy novel by German writer and cartoonist Walter Moers which details the numerous lives of a human-sized bear with blue fur. The captain's name is originally a pun in German, based upon the fact that the German words for \"bears\" (\"B\u00e4ren\") and \"berries\" (Beeren) sound very much alike, whereas \"Blaubeere\" (lit. \"blueberry\") is actually the German word for bilberry (a number of other German cartoonists have made similar puns relating to bear names in their stories, including R\u00f6tger Feldmann aka Br\u00f6sel), that a typical sailorish sailor is called an (old) \"seabear\", and that sailors are prejudiced to be quite often \"blue\", i.e. drunk. The novel was originally written in German, an English translation was published in the United Kingdom in 2000 and in the United States in 2005, an Italian translation in 2000, a Chinese translation in 2002, and a French translation in 2005. The novel attained considerable popularity in Germany and the United Kingdom while experiencing relative obscurity in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Four III", "paragraph_text": "The Four III (Chinese: \u56db\u5927\u540d\u63553) is a Chinese-Hong Kong 3D wuxia film directed by Gordon Chan and Janet Chun. It is the final installment of the trilogy based on Woon Swee Oan's novel series, after \"The Four\" (2012) and \"The Four II\" (2013).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Log Horizon", "paragraph_text": "Log Horizon (Japanese: \u30ed\u30b0\u30fb\u30db\u30e9\u30a4\u30ba\u30f3 , Hepburn: Rogu Horaizun ) is a Japanese novel series written by Mamare Touno and illustrated by Kazuhiro Hara, published by Enterbrain in Japan since 2011. Yen Press began publishing the novels in English translation in 2015. The series follows the strategist, Shiroe, and the other players of the long-lived MMORPG \"Elder Tales\" after they find themselves whisked away into the game world following a game update. The novel has received four manga adaptations, with one based on the main story and the other three revolving around characters in the series. An anime adaptation aired on NHK Educational TV between October 5, 2013 and March 22, 2014. A second season aired between October 4, 2014 and March 28, 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tanya Grotter", "paragraph_text": "Tanya Grotter (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u043d\u044f \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440 ) is the female protagonist of a Russian fantasy novel series by Dmitri Yemets. Tanya (short for Tatiana) Grotter is an orphan with intentional resemblances to J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\". Despite its reputation in Russia and the many books it has spawned, the series is not available in English translation, because of the first book having been judged a breach of copyright.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Scream (Tokio Hotel album)", "paragraph_text": "Scream, the debut English album by German band Tokio Hotel, contains English versions of songs from two of their previous albums: \"Schrei\" and \"Zimmer 483\". Eight of the twelve songs come from \"Zimmer 483\" while the remaining four originated from \"Schrei\". The name \"Scream\" is the English translation of the name of the first Tokio Hotel album, \"Schrei\". In German-speaking countries, the album was released as \"Room 483\" - the English translation of their second album's name (\"Zimmer 483\"). The first single released from the album was simply called \"Monsoon\" - not \"Through the Monsoon\" (the literal translation of the original, \"Durch den Monsun\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "John Ormsby (translator)", "paragraph_text": "John Ormsby (1829\u20131895) was a nineteenth-century British translator. He is most famous for his 1885 English translation of Miguel de Cervantes' \"Don Quixote de la Mancha\", perhaps the most scholarly and accurate English translation of the novel up to that time. It is so precise that Samuel Putnam, who published his own English translation of the novel in 1949, faults Ormsby for duplicating Cervantes' pronouns so closely that the meaning of the sentences sometimes becomes confusing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Despair (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Despair (Russian: \"\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\" , or \"Otchayanie \") is the seventh novel by Vladimir Nabokov, originally published in Russian, serially in the politicized literary journal \"Sovremennye zapiski\" during 1934. It was then published as a book in 1936, and translated to English by the author in 1937. Most copies of the 1937 English edition were destroyed by German bombs during World War II; only a few copies remain. Nabokov published a second English translation in 1965; this is now the only English translation in print.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gerbrand Bakker (novelist)", "paragraph_text": "Gerbrand Bakker (born 28 April 1962) is a Dutch writer. He won the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award for \"The Twin\", the English translation of his novel \"Boven is het stil\", and the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize for \"The Detour\", the English translation of his novel \"De omweg\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7a45425542990783324ee2", "question_text": "What American corporation owns Claim Jumper?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Landry's"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Clancy of the Mounted", "paragraph_text": "Clancy of the Mounted (1933) is an American Pre-Code Universal movie serial based on the poem \"\" by Robert W. Service, directed by Ray Taylor. Tom Tyler played Sgt. Clancy, and William L. Thorne played the villainous claim jumper, Black McDougal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Landry's, Inc.", "paragraph_text": "Landry's, Inc., is an American, privately owned, multi-brand dining/hospitality/entertainment/gaming corporation. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, Landry's, Inc. owns and operates more than 600 restaurant/hotel/casino/entertainment destinations in 37 states and the District of Columbia. The company also owns and operates numerous international locations.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Aspial Corporation", "paragraph_text": "Aspial Corporation is a Singapore-based jewellery corporation with a chain of boutiques in Singapore. Aspial Corporation owns the Aspial, Lee Hwa, Goldheart and Citigems brands. Aspial Corporation is a contemporary fashion jeweller in Singapore and is the only listed jeweller on the Singapore Exchange. The company's Aspial brand consists of its top range products, followed by Lee Hwa Jewellery, Goldheart and Citigems which cater to the younger people.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bonanza Bunny", "paragraph_text": "Bonanza Bunny is a 1959 Bugs Bunny cartoon featuring French Canadian claim jumper Blacque Jacque Shellacque.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Buschwhacker", "paragraph_text": "Buschwhacker is a term for NASCAR drivers who are regulars in the top-level Sprint Cup Series but who also compete on a regular basis in the second-tier Xfinity Series. The original coinage of the term Buschwacker refers to Anheuser-Busch's longtime title sponsorship of the series through their Busch Beer brand. A new term, Claim jumper, was coined to refer to Nationwide Insurance's sponsorship of the series from 2008 to 2014. In 2015, the term Signal Pirate was created in reference to current sponsorship of the series by Comcast's Xfinity brand.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Baker v. Morton", "paragraph_text": "Baker v. Morton, 79 U.S. 150 (1870) , was the first \"serious\" court case to come out of Omaha, Nebraska Territory, prior to statehood. In the trial a claim jumper fought against local land barons to stake out a homestead in the area that was to become the city of Omaha. The case was important for establishing homesteaders rights and ensuring the future growth of Omaha would benefit everyone, not only wealthy landowners.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "London Life Insurance Company", "paragraph_text": "The London Life Insurance Company is a Canadian life insurance company best known for its \"Freedom 55\" slogan, evocative of saving money to an extent that would allow one to retire at age 55. London Life is a part of Great-West Lifeco subsidiary The Great-West Life Assurance Company, which in turn is controlled by Power Financial Corporation (Great-West Lifeco owns 100% of The Great-West Life Assurance Company; Power Corporation owns 72% of Great-West Lifeco. Great-West Lifeco is the only one of those finance companies that is a member of the TSX Composite Index.)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Claim Jumper", "paragraph_text": "Claim Jumper Restaurant and Saloon is an American restaurant chain with more than 40 locations. The company is based in Houston, Texas. Claim Jumper is wholly owned by Landry's, Inc.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "CBS Television Stations", "paragraph_text": "The CBS Television Stations is a division of CBS Corporation that owns and operates a group of American television stations. As of December 2014, CBS Corporation owns thirty stations, broken down as follows: sixteen are the key stations of the CBS Television Network; eight are aligned with The CW Television Network, which is co-owned by CBS with Time Warner; four independent stations; two stations affiliated with MyNetworkTV.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Willows Shopping Center", "paragraph_text": "The Willows Shopping Center is located in one of the fastest growing areas of the East Bay in Concord, California. The center boasts a strong line up of national retailers including Old Navy, ULTA Beauty, Cost Plus World Market, REI, UFC Gym, Claim Jumper, Benihana and the newest member in holiday 2006, Pier One. Located in a densely populated area, the customer is a college educated, white collar professional, with over two-thirds opening their own home. The average household income of $92,574 is 24 percent above the state average. Over forty-five percent of customers are between the ages of 35 and 54 and in the prime of their career. The center is located adjacent to and is visible from the major north/south of I-680 that links the area to San Francisco. In addition, two BART stations provide rapid transit for office workers from the surrounding area to the city.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab521575542996a3a96a02e", "question_text": "Is Xingcheng or Ulan Hot located in the Inner Mongolia region of China?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Ulanhot"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Solun, Horqin Right Front Banner", "paragraph_text": "Solun () is town in the Hinggan League, of northeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, located 120 km northwest, by road, of the city of Ulan Hot. Its name in the Mongolian language means \"hunted paddock or hunting paddock\", which could derive from the fact that the Kangxi Emperor (ruled 1661\u20131722) of the Qing Dynasty often came here to hunt, after being impressed by the local topography, purple appearance of the environs, valleys enclosed by lofty mountains, and three rivers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dongsheng Township, Taonan", "paragraph_text": "Dongsheng Township () is a township in extreme northwestern Jilin province, China, and it is under the administration of Taonan City. , it has 11 villages under its administration. It is about 30 km south-southwest of Ulan Hot, Inner Mongolia, 70 km west-northwest of downtown Baicheng, and 83 km northwest of downtown Taonan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Inner Mongolia Normal University", "paragraph_text": "Inner Mongolia Normal University (, Mongolian: ) is a university in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. It is located in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Xingcheng", "paragraph_text": "Xingcheng (), former name Ningyuan (\u5b81\u8fdc), is a county-level city of southwest Liaoning province, China, with a population of approximately 140,000 urban inhabitants, and is located on the Liaodong Bay, i.e. the northern coast of the Bohai Sea. Currently under the administration of Huludao City, the area is steeped in history, and contains one of the best preserved Ming Dynasty towns in China, as well as functioning as a laidback summer resort.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Christianity in Inner Mongolia", "paragraph_text": "Christians are a minority in Inner Mongolia region of the People's Republic of China. There are Orthodox Churches in Labdarin, Manzhou and Hailar. The Shouters are active in Inner Mongolia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Inner Mongolia Medical University", "paragraph_text": "Inner Mongolia Medical University (\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66) is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. It is located in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was renamed from Inner Mongolia Medical College in 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Inner Mongolia University of Technology", "paragraph_text": "Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT)() is a university in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. It was founded in 1951 and was originally known as the Suiyuan Higher Technical School (\u7ee5\u8fdc\u7701\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5de5\u4e1a\u5b66\u6821) and then after 1958 the Inner Mongolia Polytechnic Institute (\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u5de5\u5b66\u9662) before changing to its current name in 1993. It is located in north part of Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ulan Hot", "paragraph_text": "Ulanhot (Mongolian: ; Cyrillic: \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0442 ; Latin transliteration: \"Ula\u03b3an qota\"; ), formerly known as Wangin S\u00fcm, alternatively Wang-un S\u00fcme, Ulayanqota (Red City) in Classical Mongolian, and Wangyehmiao or Wangyemiao () in Chinese prior to 1947, is a county-level city and the administrative center of Hinggan League in the East of Inner Mongolia autonomous region. Between the years 1947 and 1950, Ulanhot was the capital of Inner Mongolia Region. In 1950, the capital moved to Zhangjiakou and then again in 1952 it moved to Hohhot, which remains the capital to this day.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lingxia, Jilin", "paragraph_text": "Lingxia () is a township of Taobei District, Baicheng, in northwestern Jilin province, People's Republic of China, located less than 5 km southeast of the border with Inner Mongolia. It is served by China National Highway 302 and G12 Hunchun\u2013Ulanhot Expressway, and as the crow flies, is more than 40 km northwest of downtown Baicheng and 37 km southeast of Ulan Hot, Inner Mongolia. , it has 5 residential communities (\u793e\u533a) and 11 villages under its administration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mongolian writing systems", "paragraph_text": "Many alphabets have been devised for the Mongolian language over the centuries, and from a variety of scripts. The oldest, called simply the Mongolian script, has been the predominant script during most of Mongolian history, and is still in active use today in the Inner Mongolia region of China and de facto use in Mongolia. It has spawned several alphabets, either as attempts to fix its perceived shortcomings, or to allow the notation of other languages, such as Sanskrit and Tibetan. In the 20th century, Mongolia first switched to the Latin script, and then almost immediately replaced it with the Cyrillic script for compatibility with the Soviet Union, its political ally of the time. Mongol Chinese in Inner Mongolia and other parts of China, on the other hand, continue to use alphabets based on the traditional Mongolian script.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8dbc8b554299441c6ba077", "question_text": "Spring Waltz starred the American actor who is known for what 2007 film?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["My Father"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Cayden Boyd", "paragraph_text": "Cayden Boyd (born May 24, 1994) is an American actor. He is best known for his child roles as Max in Robert Rodriguez's 2005 film \"The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl\" and Ben Reynolds in the 2007 film \"Have Dreams, Will Travel\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Daniel Henney", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Phillip Henney or Jeom Deok-su (born November 28, 1979) is an American actor and model, known for starring in films such as \"Seducing Mr. Perfect\" (2006), \"My Father\" (2007), \"\" (2009), \"Shanghai Calling\" (2012), \"The Last Stand\" (2013), and \"Big Hero 6\" (2014).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "David Castro (actor)", "paragraph_text": "David Castro (born February 7, 1996) is an American actor. He is best known for his role in the 2007 film \"Where God Left His Shoes\" as Justin Diaz, the son of Frank Diaz (John Leguizamo) and Angela Diaz (Leonor Varela), and Raphael Santiago in the series \"Shadowhunters\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Danielle Chuchran", "paragraph_text": "Danielle Ryan Chuchran (born June 9, 1993) is an American actress, having appeared in films since 2001. She starred in the Christmas film, \"Christmas for a dollar\" as Verma and starred in the 2007 film \"The Wild Stallion\" (formerly \"Last of the Mustangs\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Haruma Miura", "paragraph_text": "Haruma Miura (\u4e09\u6d66 \u6625\u99ac , Miura Haruma ) (born April 5, 1990) is a Japanese actor and singer. He is part of the Amuse, Inc., and debuted as one of the members of Brash Brats, a J-pop group. However, they are currently on hiatus, while Haruma is still active as an actor. He gained popularity in \"Gokusen 3\" and the 2007 film \"Koizora\". He starred for the first time with a leading role in a drama based on the manga, \"Bloody Monday.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Austin Williams", "paragraph_text": "Austin Williams (born November 13, 1996) is an American soap opera actor. In 2005, Austin was cast in the film \"The Good Shepherd\", which starred Matt Damon, as the young version of Damon's character Edward Wilson. Here he also displayed his vast musical talents, including metal guitar and classical piano compositions. In October 2007, he was cast in the role of Shane Morasco on \"One Life to Live\", a role that continued until January 2012. In 2008, he was nominated for a Young Artist Award for \"Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actor Age Ten or Younger\" for his role as Henry Clayton in the 2007 film \"Michael Clayton\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hale Appleman", "paragraph_text": "Hale Isaac Appleman (born January 17, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Tobey Cobb in the 2007 film \"Teeth\" and Eliot in TV fantasy series \"The Magicians\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Spring Waltz", "paragraph_text": "Spring Waltz () is a 2006 South Korean television series starring Seo Do-young, Han Hyo-joo, Daniel Henney, and Lee So-yeon. It aired on KBS2 from March 6 to May 16, 2006 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Christoph Waltz", "paragraph_text": "Christoph Waltz (] ; born 4 October 1956 in Vienna) is an Austrian-German actor. Waltz is widely known for his works with American filmmaker Quentin Tarantino, he received acclaim for portraying SS-Standartenf\u00fchrer Hans Landa in \"Inglourious Basterds\" (2009) and bounty hunter Dr. King Schultz in \"Django Unchained\" (2012). For both performances, he earned an Academy Award, BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Waltz also received the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his portrayal of Landa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Todd Lowe", "paragraph_text": "Todd Lowe (born May 10, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Terry Bellefleur, a PTSD-suffering Iraq War veteran who works as a short order cook at Merlotte's Bar & Grill., on HBO's \"True Blood\" and as Zach Van Gerbig on \"Gilmore Girls\". In 2017 he played the role of Colin Dobbs, another war veteran, in five episodes of the \"USA Network\" series \"Shooter (TV series)\", based on the 2007 film of the same name and the novel \"Point of Impact\" by Stephen Hunter", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a88fc4255429938390d4019", "question_text": "On what date will the comedy film directed by Kevin Tent and starring the Bulgarian-Canadian actress known for portraying the role of Mia Jones be released on video on demand services?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["September 25, 2017"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lucy Liu", "paragraph_text": "Lucy Alexis Liu (born Lucy Liu; December 2, 1968) is an American actress, voice actress, director, producer, singer and artist. She became known for playing the role of the vicious and ill-mannered Ling Woo in the television series \"Ally McBeal\" (1998\u20132002), for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series. Liu's film work includes starring as one of the heroines (Alex Munday) in \"Charlie's Angels\" (2000), portraying O-Ren Ishii in \"Kill Bill\" (2003), and starring roles in the main casts of \"Payback\" (as Pearl; 1999), \"Chicago\" (as Kitty Baxter; 2002), and the animated film series \"Kung Fu Panda\" (2008\u2013present) portraying the character Master Viper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Rani Mukerji filmography", "paragraph_text": "Rani Mukerji is an Indian actress known for her work in Bollywood films. She made her screen debut with a supporting role in \"Biyer Phool\" (1996), a Bengali film directed by her father Ram Mukherjee. Her first leading role was that of a rape victim in the 1997 social drama \"Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat\", for which she won a special jury trophy at the Screen Awards ceremony. In 1998 she received wider recognition for her role alongside Aamir Khan in the action film \"Ghulam\". Later that year, her breakthrough role as the romantic interest of Shah Rukh Khan's character in the romantic drama \"Kuch Kuch Hota Hai\" earned Mukerji her first Filmfare Award in the Best Supporting Actress category. She followed this initial success by portraying the leading lady in several films, including the comedy film \"Hello Brother\" (1999) and the drama \"\" (2001), none of which helped propel her career forward.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Date and Switch", "paragraph_text": "Date and Switch is a 2014 American comedy film directed by Chris Nelson and written by Alan Yang. The film was released in theaters and on video on demand on February 14, 2014, and stars Nicholas Braun, Hunter Cope, Dakota Johnson, and Zach Cregger. It was originally titled \"Gay Dude\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nina Dobrev", "paragraph_text": "Nina Dobrev ( ; born Nikolina Konstantinova Dobreva; Bulgarian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 ; January 9, 1989) is a Bulgarian-Canadian actress. She is known for portraying the role of Mia Jones in the drama series \"\" and then Elena Gilbert on The CW's supernatural drama series \"The Vampire Diaries\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Crash Pad", "paragraph_text": "Crash Pad is an upcoming American comedy film directed by Kevin Tent, from a screenplay by Jeremy Catalino. It stars Domhnall Gleeson, Christina Applegate, Thomas Haden Church, and Nina Dobrev. It will be released on video on demand services on September 25, 2017 and will then be released by Vertical Entertainment in select theaters on October 27, 2017. A hopeless romantic who thinks he's found true love with an older woman, only to learn that she's married and that his fling is merely an instrument of revenge against her neglectful husband.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ultra Warrior", "paragraph_text": "Ultra Warrior, also known as Welcome to Oblivion, is a post-apocalyptic 1990 film directed by Augusto Tamayo San Rom\u00e1n and Kevin Tent. Set in a futuristic dystopia, a nuclear holocaust creates mutants who inhabit the radioactive areas. One man emerges as the leader of a group of survivors called \"Muties\". The main character, portrayed by Dack Rambo, is looking for zirconium which is used to make bombs to prevent aliens from destroying Earth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nerdland", "paragraph_text": "Nerdland is a 2016 American adult animated comedy film directed by Chris Prynoski and written by Andrew Kevin Walker. The film stars Paul Rudd, Patton Oswalt, Hannibal Buress, Kate Micucci, Riki Lindhome, John Ennis and Mike Judge. The film received a one night only special screening on December 6, 2016, before being released on video on demand on January 6, 2017, by Samuel Goldwyn Films.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Freak Dance (film)", "paragraph_text": "Freak Dance is an American comedy film written and directed by Matt Besser of the Upright Citizens Brigade and co-directed by Neil Mahoney. It premiered at the Austin Film Festival on October 21, 2011. The film had a limited theatrical release in May 2012 and made available on video on demand services. The film was released on DVD on July 10, 2012. The film is based on a stage show created by Besser, which originally ran at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in Los Angeles for several years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Right Way (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Right Way is a 2004 Canadian film directed by Mark Penney. It tells the story of Amy and David two young people from suburbia, whose lives are going nowhere, when they meet their relationship alters their lives forever and sends them surreal and existential crisis. \"The Right Way\" was an Official Selection of the 2004 Venice Film Festival and had a limited theatrical release in the United States in December 2005, it was released to video on demand services in 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Babymakers", "paragraph_text": "The Babymakers is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar, and starring Paul Schneider, Olivia Munn and Kevin Heffernan. Chandrasekhar and Heffernan are both members of Broken Lizard. The film received a limited release on August 3, 2012 in theaters and on video on demand services. It received a DVD and Blu-ray release September 18, 2012.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8b78f055429971feec471a", "question_text": "Was Steve Sekely and Willian King Baggot known by multiple names or nicknames?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Emmy (film)", "paragraph_text": "Emmy is a 1934 Hungarian comedy film directed by Steve Sekely and starring G\u00e1bor Rajnay, Ir\u00e9n \u00c1gay and Ella Gombasz\u00f6gi. It is based on a novel by Viktor R\u00e1kosi.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "King Baggot", "paragraph_text": "William King Baggot (November 7, 1879 \u2013 July 11, 1948) was an American actor, film director and screenwriter. He was an internationally famous movie star of the silent film era. The first individually publicized leading man in America, Baggot was referred to as \"King of the Movies,\" \"The Most Photographed Man in the World\" and \"The Man Whose Face Is As Familiar As The Man In The Moon.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Fabulous Suzanne", "paragraph_text": "The Fabulous Suzanne is a 1946 American romantic comedy film directed by Steve Sekely and starring Barbara Britton, Rudy Vallee and Otto Kruger. A waitress inherits a fortune from one of her customers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Steve Sekely", "paragraph_text": "Steve Sekely (1899-1979) was a Hungarian film director. Born Sz\u00e9kely Istv\u00e1n, he was known by several names, based on his changing professional and immigration status, including Stefan Szekely.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Cafe Moscow", "paragraph_text": "Cafe Moscow (Hungarian:Caf\u00e9 Moszkva) is a 1936 Hungarian adventure film directed by Steve Sekely and starring Anna T\u00f5k\u00e9s, Gyula Csortos and Ferenc Kiss. Art direction was by J\u00f3zsef P\u00e1n. It is also known by the alternative title Only One Night. The film is set during the First World War on the Eastern Front between Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The film was intended to convey an anti-war message.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "A Tremendously Rich Man", "paragraph_text": "A Tremendously Rich Man (German: Ein steinreicher Mann) is a 1932 German comedy film directed by Steve Sekely and starring Curt Bois, Dolly Haas and Adele Sandrock. It premiered on 13 February 1932. The film was a co-production between the German subsidiary of Universal Pictures and the German firm Tobis Film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "King Baggot (cinematographer)", "paragraph_text": "Stephen King Baggot, A.S.C. (born August 15, 1943) is an American cinematographer. Baggot is a member of the American Society of Cinematographers. He is the grandson of actor/director of the early 20th century, King Baggot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Lady in the Death House", "paragraph_text": "Lady in the Death House is a 1944 American film directed by Steve Sekely, starring Jean Parker and Lionel Atwill.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Number 111 (1938 film)", "paragraph_text": "Number 111 is a 1938 Hungarian thriller film directed by Steve Sekely and starring Jen\u0151 T\u00f6rzs, P\u00e1l J\u00e1vor and M\u00e1ria L\u00e1z\u00e1r. It is a remake of the 1919 film \"Number 111\", directed by Alexander Korda, which was itself an adaptation of a novel by Jen\u0151 Heltai.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Flying Gold", "paragraph_text": "Flying Gold (Hungarian: Rep\u00fcl\u0151 arany or Rep\u00fcl\u00f6 arany) is a 1932 Hungarian crime film directed by Steve Sekely and starring Steven Geray, Gyula Kabos and Lajos G\u00e1rday. A shipment of gold being flown from Paris to Budapest is robbed in mid-air. A French-language version \"Rouletabille aviateur\" was also released.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7cfea2554299452d57babe", "question_text": "Which aired first, Life After People or Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bells from the Deep", "paragraph_text": "Bells from the Deep: Faith and Superstition in Russia, is a 1993 documentary film written and directed by Werner Herzog, produced by Werner Herzog Filmproduktion.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "La Soufri\u00e8re (film)", "paragraph_text": "La Soufri\u00e8re \u2013 Warten auf eine unausweichliche Katastrophe (\"La Soufri\u00e8re \u2013 Waiting for an Inevitable Disaster\") is a 1977 West German documentary film in which German director Werner Herzog visits an island on which a volcano is predicted to erupt. The pretext of this film was provided when Herzog \"heard about the impending volcanic eruption, that the island of Guadeloupe had been evacuated and that one peasant had refused to leave, [he] knew [he] wanted to go talk to him and find out what kind of relationship towards death he had\" (Cronin). Herzog explores the deserted streets of the towns on the island. The crew of three treks up to the caldera, where clouds of sulfurous steam and smoke shift drift like \"harbingers of death\" (Peucker), an example of the sublime Herzog seeks to conjure in his films. Herzog converses in French with three different men he finds remaining on the island: one says he is waiting for death, and demonstrates his posture for doing so; another says he has stayed to look after the animals. In the end, the volcano did not erupt, thus sparing the lives of those who had remained on the island, including Herzog and his crew.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Lucki Stipeti\u0107", "paragraph_text": "Lucki Stipeti\u0107 (also Lucki Herzog) is a German film producer, and the younger half brother of filmmaker Werner Herzog. Stipeti\u0107 is the official head of Werner Herzog Filmproduktion, the production company which has produced almost all of Herzog's films.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Portrait Werner Herzog", "paragraph_text": "Portrait Werner Herzog (German: Werner Herzog - Filmemacher ) is an autobiographical short film by Werner Herzog made in 1986. Herzog tells stories about his life and career.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Requiem for a Dying Planet", "paragraph_text": "Requiem for a Dying Planet (subtitled Sounds for Two Films by Werner Herzog is an album by cellist Ernst Reijseger featuring music for Werner Herzog's 2004 documentary \"The White Diamond\" and 2005 film \"The Wild Blue Yonder\" performed with vocalist/poet/performer Mola Sylla and the Voches de Sardinna. The original tracks were recorded in 2004 in France and Germany and additional recording undertaken in Germany in 2006 before the album was released on the Winter & Winter label.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Happy People: A Year in the Taiga", "paragraph_text": "Happy People: A Year in the Taiga is a 2010 documentary film directed by Werner Herzog and Dmitry Vasyukov and produced by Herzog. The film depicts the life of the people in the village of Bakhta ( ) along the Yenisei River in the Siberian taiga. In particular, it focuses on the trappers who hunt for fur animals, such as sable. It also briefly detours to a look at the life of native Ket people. The footage in the documentary was edited from a previous television work by Vasuykov, with original production and voiceovers by Herzog.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (film)", "paragraph_text": "How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (German: Beobachtungen zu einer neuen Sprache, literally \"Observations of a New Language\") is a 1976 documentary film by German director Werner Herzog, produced by Werner Herzog Filmproduktion. It is a 44-minute film documenting the World Livestock Auctioneer Championship held in New Holland, Pennsylvania. Herzog has said that he believes auctioneering to be \"the last poetry possible, the poetry of capitalism.\" Herzog describes the auctioneering as an \"extreme language ... frightening but quite beautiful at the same time.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe", "paragraph_text": "Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe is a short documentary film directed by Les Blank in 1980 which depicts director Werner Herzog living up to his promise that he would eat his shoe if Errol Morris ever completed the film \"Gates of Heaven\". The film includes clips from both \"Gates of Heaven\" and Herzog's 1970 feature \"Even Dwarfs Started Small\". Comic song \"Old Whisky Shoes\", played by the Walt Solek Band, is the signature tune over the opening and closing credits.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Little Dieter Needs to Fly", "paragraph_text": "Little Dieter Needs to Fly is a 1997 German-British-French documentary film written and directed by Werner Herzog, produced by Werner Herzog Filmproduktion, and premiered on German television. The film was released to DVD in 1998 by Anchor Bay.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Life After People", "paragraph_text": "Life After People is a television series on which scientists, structural engineers, and other experts speculate about what might become of Earth should humanity instantly disappear. The featured experts also talk about the impact of human absence on the environment and the vestiges of civilization thus left behind. The series was preceded by a two-hour special that aired on January 21, 2008 on the History Channel which served as a de facto pilot for the series that premiered April 21, 2009. The documentary and subsequent series were both narrated by James Lurie.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7fa0d55542995d8a8dded3", "question_text": "What professional do both Marc Bolan and Ian MacKaye share?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["musician"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Amy Farina", "paragraph_text": "Amy Farina is a musician living in Washington, D.C. As of 2001, Farina has played drums and sings in the Indie rock duo The Evens which includes her husband Ian MacKaye. Previously she has played in The Warmers (which included Ian's younger brother Alec MacKaye), Mister Candy Eater, Ted Leo & the Pharmacists and with Lois Maffeo. She and MacKaye welcomed their first child, Carmine Francis Farina MacKaye, on May 24, 2008. She is the sister of Geoff Farina of the band Karate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Zip Gun Boogie", "paragraph_text": "\"Zip Gun Boogie\" is a 1974 single, originally credited in the UK as a solo single by Marc Bolan of the British glam rock band T. Rex. In other territories, the single was credited to \"T. Rex\" or \"Marc Bolan and T. Rex\"; almost all reissues of the track credit it solely to T. Rex. The track and its B-side feature on the 1975 T. Rex album Bolan's Zip Gun.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Life Time (Rollins Band album)", "paragraph_text": "Life Time is the first full-length studio album by Rollins Band, fronted by ex-Black Flag singer, Henry Rollins. The album was produced by Ian MacKaye, well known in the genre of hardcore punk for his work with Minor Threat and as co-owner of the Dischord record label. MacKaye was also a childhood friend of Rollins, who acted as a roadie for MacKaye's band The Teen Idles. It was originally released in 1987 and included four live tracks recorded in Kortrijk, Belgium in October 1987. It was subsequently re-mastered and re-released in 1999 without the live tracks, but with the addition of three session tracks from the \"Do It\" album of 1987. The 2014 reissue on Dischord includes the live tracks but not the bonus tracks included on the 1999 reissue .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Billy Super Duper", "paragraph_text": "Billy Super Duper is an album by English glam rock act T. Rex. Released in 1982 by record label Marc on Wax, it was the first LP of entirely new and unheard material released after Marc Bolan's death in 1977 as the previous posthumous release, \"You Scare Me to Death\" consisted of demos first released in 1974. Billy Super Duper consists of studio outtakes and home demos recorded by the band between 1972 and 1977, with arrangements produced by John and Shan Bramley (the heads of the Marc Bolan Fanclub at the time). The album was intended to \"complete\" the demos and bring them up to date with contemporary music.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Rozzlyn Rangers", "paragraph_text": "Rozzlyn Rangers was the name taken by the 5 original members of the Dischord House in Arlington, Virginia (fairly near Rosslyn, Virginia) in October 1981: Ian MacKaye, Jeff Nelson, Rich Moore, Eddie Janney, and Sab Grey. Dischord House housed Dischord Records (founded a year earlier by The Teen Idles, shortly thereafter to be run by Ian MacKaye and Jeff Nelson). Despite its terribly low ceiling, many DC punk bands practiced in its basement over the years: Minor Threat, Skewbald, Iron Cross, The Faith, Second Wind, Rites of Spring, Embrace, Three, Fugazi, Beefeater, Fidelity Jones, Happy Go Licky, Kingface, One Last Wish, The Evens.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Marc Bolan", "paragraph_text": "Marc Bolan ( ; born Mark Feld; 30 September 1947\u00a0\u2013 16 September 1977) was an English singer-songwriter, musician, guitarist, and poet. He was best known as the lead singer of the glam rock band T. Rex. Bolan was one of the pioneers of the glam rock movement of the 1970s. He died at age 29 in a car accident a fortnight before his 30th birthday.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Windstorm (album)", "paragraph_text": "Windstorm is the fourth studio album released by Gloria Jones in 1978. This album was a dedication to Marc Bolan, as on the rear cover, is written: \"Special Dedication in memory of my son's father, the late Marc Bolan, whom we miss very much.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Paul Fenton (musician)", "paragraph_text": "Paul Fenton (born 4 July 1946 in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England) is an English drummer, best known for his work with T. Rex. After leaving Christie, he started playing drums for T. Rex in 1973, after being recommended to Marc Bolan by his producer Tony Visconti. He also toured briefly with Marc Bolan & T. Rex in 1974, and played additional drums with Davy Lutton on the songs \"Solid Baby\", \"Funky London Childhood\", and \"Visions Of Domino\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Evens", "paragraph_text": "The Evens are a Washington, D.C. indie-rock duo, formed in the fall of 2001, comprising partners Ian MacKaye (guitars, vocals) (of Fugazi, formerly of Minor Threat) and Amy Farina (drums, vocals) (formerly of The Warmers). After Ian MacKaye's band Fugazi entered a hiatus, The Evens began practicing extensively, and eventually played a few shows and recorded a self-titled album, released in March 2005 on MacKaye's label, Dischord Records. The Evens are known for their unusual choices in venues for performances and the stylistic change from what many have dubbed the \"D.C.\" or \"Dischord\" sound. \" The Washington Post\" has described the sound as \"what happens when post-hardcore becomes post-post-hardcore.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ian MacKaye", "paragraph_text": "Ian Thomas Garner MacKaye ( ; born April 16, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, musician, record label owner and producer. Active since 1979, MacKaye is best known as the co-founder and owner of Dischord Records, a Washington, D.C.-based independent record label and the frontman of the influential hardcore punk band Minor Threat and the post-hardcore band Fugazi. MacKaye was also the frontman for the short-lived bands The Teen Idles, Embrace and Pailhead, a collaboration with the band Ministry. MacKaye is a member of The Evens, a two-piece indie rock group he formed with his wife Amy Farina in 2001.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a78abbc554299148911f90c", "question_text": "Which bi-weekly publication ranked Schreiber Foods as number 81 in 2016.", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Forbes ranked Schreiber Foods"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Forbes", "paragraph_text": "Forbes ( ) is an American business magazine. Published bi-weekly, it features original articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. \"Forbes\" also reports on related subjects such as technology, communications, science, politics, and law. Its headquarters is located in Jersey City, New Jersey. Primary competitors in the national business magazine category include \"Fortune\" and \"Bloomberg Businessweek\". The magazine is well known for its lists and rankings, including its lists of the richest Americans (the Forbes 400) and rankings of world's top companies (the Forbes Global 2000). Another well-known list by the magazine is The World's Billionaires list.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Schreiber Foods", "paragraph_text": "Schreiber Foods Inc., is a dairy company which produces and distributes natural cheese, processed cheese, cream cheese and yogurt. It is an employee-owned customer brand dairy company headquartered in Green Bay, Wisconsin. With more than $5 billion in annual sales, Forbes ranked Schreiber Foods as the 81st largest private employer in 2016.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Adelaide Morning Chronicle", "paragraph_text": "The Adelaide Morning Chronicle was a newspaper published in Adelaide, South Australia during 1852 and 1853. While claiming not to be a religious newspaper, the \"Adelaide Morning Chronicle\" was established by the draper Andrew Murray during the South Australian Parliament's debate over separation of church and state. Its intention was to provide a voice for the influential and conservative Anglican section of the Adelaide community. This was in opposition to the opinions expressed by the non-conformist churches in their newspaper, the \"Austral Examiner\". The newspaper was of a sufficient quality to also be seen as competition to the \"South Australian Register\". Murray later worked for the \"Melbourne Argus\". The newspaper was reduced to a bi-weekly publication (rather than daily) after 35 issues in early 1852, through the economic effects of the Victorian gold rush and ceased in early 1853.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Port Plaza Mall", "paragraph_text": "Port Plaza Mall (later known as Washington Commons) was an urban area shopping mall/multi-use facility located in downtown Green Bay, Wisconsin. The mall opened on August 10, 1977, and featured 3 anchor stores over the years, with JCPenney and H.C. Prange open at its launch and Boston Store added by 1982. The mall would go into a state of decline in the late 1990s and 2000s, leading up to its closure on February 27, 2006. The mall property was razed during the 1st half of 2012 as part of a redevelopment project; the headquarters of Schreiber Foods now stands on the main mall footprint.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Port Adelaide News", "paragraph_text": "The Port Adelaide News was a newspaper published in Port Adelaide, South Australia between 1878 and 1933 with various sub-titles, several breaks in publication and several periods of bi-weekly publication.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of newspapers in the Cayman Islands", "paragraph_text": "The Cayman Islands is a group of three islands in the Caribbean Sea. The first monthly publication on the islands was \"The Gospel of the Kingdom\", a religious themed newspaper founded in 1945. In 1964, the newspaper \"Tradewinds\" began publication. This was joined by the rival \"Caymanian Weekly\" in 1965. This was followed by a second weekly publication, the \"Cayman Compass\", which started in 1972. In 1974, the two weeklies merged to form the \"Caymanian Compass\". This became a bi-weekly publication in 1976, appearing on Tuesdays and Fridays.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Chronicle (Dominica)", "paragraph_text": "The Chronicle is the national newspaper of the Caribbean island nation of Dominica. It was begun by Bishop Philip Schelfhaut in 1909 as the Dominica Chronicle, a bi-weekly publication. For many years afterward, it was known as \"The New Chronicle\" until it dropped the \"New\" from its title in 1996.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Massachusetts Register", "paragraph_text": "The Massachusetts Register is the bi-weekly publication mandated by the Administrative Procedures Act (Massachusetts General Law Chapter 30A); it is an official organ of the Massachusetts state government. The Register publishes new and amended regulations; notices of hearings and comment periods related to prospective or draft regulations; and a cumulative index of regulatory changes for the current year. The Register also publishes notices of public interest, as well as opinions of the Attorney General and Executive Orders. The Register is a printed publication; online subscription is also available. This era of publication of the Massachusetts Register began in April 1976.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Our Voice Today", "paragraph_text": "Our Voice Today (\"OVT\") is a bi-weekly publication of NYSARC, Inc. Originally published as print newsletter Our Children's Voice in March 1949, \"OVT\" has a long history of providing information and resources related to individuals with intellectual and other developmental disabilities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Fashion Calendar", "paragraph_text": "The Fashion Calendar is an American bi-weekly publication founded by Ruth Finley in 1945, listing all fashion related events in New York City.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adc459255429944faac24ad", "question_text": "Which member of the research project conducted by the Creation Research Society and the Institute for Creation Research between 1997 and 2005 was Kevin R. Henke most critical of? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Russell Humphreys"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "RATE project", "paragraph_text": "The RATE project (Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth) was a research project conducted by the Creation Research Society and the Institute for Creation Research between 1997 and 2005 to assess the validity of radiometric dating and other dating techniques in the light of the doctrine of a recent creation. It was funded by $250,000 from the Institute for Creation Research and over $1 million in donations. The RATE team was chaired by Larry Vardiman (meteorology) and included Steven A. Austin (soft rock geology), John Baumgardner (geophysics), Steven W. Boyd (Hebrew), Eugene F. Chaffin (physics), Donald B. DeYoung (physics), Russell Humphreys (physics) and Andrew Snelling (hard rock geology).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Henry M. Morris", "paragraph_text": "Henry Madison Morris (October 6, 1918 \u2013 February 25, 2006) was an American young Earth creationist, Christian apologist, and engineer. He was one of the founders of the Creation Research Society and the Institute for Creation Research. He is considered by many to be \"the father of modern creation science.\" He is widely known for coauthoring \"The Genesis Flood\" with John C. Whitcomb in 1961.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "TaskForceMajella", "paragraph_text": "The TaskForceMajella (TFM) is an industry-funded geoscientific research project conducted between the years 1998 and 2005. The project involved numerous universities distributed worldwide, and was sponsored by a number of international major oil companies. The area of research was the Majella Mountain in Central Italy, regarded as an analogue of a faulted and fractured hydrocarbon reservoir as can be found in major provinces like the Middle East, Caspian Basin, Mediterranean Basin, and other areas. The scope was to obtain knowledge on the relation between fracture and fault generation, and all types of geological aspects of the evolution of the geological structure", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Institute for Creation Research", "paragraph_text": "The Institute for Creation Research (ICR) is a Creationist apologetics institute in Dallas, Texas that specializes in media promotion of pseudoscientific creation science and interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative as a historical event. The ICR adopts the Bible as an inerrant and literal documentary of scientific and historical fact as well as religious and moral truths, and espouses a Young Earth creationist worldview. It rejects evolutionary biology, which it views as a corrupting moral and social influence and threat to religious belief. The ICR was formed by Henry M. Morris in 1972 following an organizational split with the Creation Science Research Center (CSRC).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Frank Lewis Marsh", "paragraph_text": "Frank Lewis Marsh (18 October 1899, Aledo, Illinois \u2013 14 July 1992) was an American Seventh-day Adventist biologist, educator and young Earth creationist author. In 1963 he was one of the ten founding members of the Creation Research Society.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Hendren v. Campbell", "paragraph_text": "Hendren et al. v. Campbell et al. was a 1977 ruling by an Indiana state superior court that the young-earth creationist textbook could not be used in Indiana public schools. Jon Hendren, a ninth-grade student in the West Clark Community Schools, sued when the district picked \"Biology: A Search For Order In Complexity\", published by the Creation Research Society and promoted through the Institute for Creation Research, as the sole biology textbook.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Creation Research Society", "paragraph_text": "The Creation Research Society (CRS) is a Christian research group that engages in creation science. The organization has produced various publications, including a journal and a creation-based biology textbook. During the first few years of its existence, different beliefs about Creationism and disagreement over its statement of beliefs resulted in various members of the board and voting members being forced out of the organization.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Kevin Henke", "paragraph_text": "Kevin R. Henke is an American geochemist and former instructor at the University of Kentucky's department of Geology. He currently works as a senior research scientist at the University of Kentucky's Center for Applied Energy Research. He is well known for his criticism of young earth creationism and the scientific arguments they make for a young earth. In particular, he has been critical of the RATE project's results, which claim to show that zircons contain too much helium to be billions of years old, and has argued that Russell Humphreys, a young-earth creationist who was involved in the project, has made errors in his research. These flaws include that, according to Henke, \"The vast majority of Humphreys et al.'s critical a, b, and Q/Q0 values that are used in these \"dating\" equations are either missing, poorly defined, improperly measured or inaccurate.\" Henke has also accused Humphreys of misidentifying his specimens, fudging his data, and not considering the possibility of helium contamination in this research. He has also criticized John Woodmorappe for arguing that radiometric dating is unreliable. On one occasion, Henke called Kent Hovind on the phone regarding Hovind's $250,000 challenge to \"prove\" evolution. Hovind told Henke that in order to win the money he would have to recreate the Big Bang in a laboratory. Henke responded by proposing several alternative \"proofs\" that pertained to geology (his field of expertise), but Hovind refused, saying that the project must be chosen by him and it must not pertain to the area in which Henke has scientific expertise. Hovind therefore required Henke to prove that dogs and bananas had a common ancestor, and lowered the award to only $2,000 should he succeed. Henke accepted the challenge, and later drafted a contract, which was then posted on Talk.origins. However, one of Henke's requirements was that the judges be unbiased, and Hovind rejected the challenge for this reason, insisting that he should be the only one who can choose the judges.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Research", "paragraph_text": "Research comprises \"creative work undertaken on a systematic basis to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.\" It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school research project, they can be used to further a student's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Stanford MIPS", "paragraph_text": "MIPS (an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) was a research project conducted at Stanford University between 1981 and 1984. MIPS investigated a type of instruction set architecture (ISA) now called Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), its implementation as a microprocessor with very large scale integration (VLSI) semiconductor technology, and the effective exploitation of RISC architectures with optimizing compilers. MIPS, together with the IBM 801 and Berkeley RISC, are the three research projects that pioneered and popularized RISC technology in the mid-1980s. In recognition of the impact MIPS made on computing, Hennessey was awarded the IEEE John von Neumann Medal in 2000 by the IEEE (shared with David A. Patterson), the Eckert\u2013Mauchly Award in 2001 by the Association for Computing Machinery, and the Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award in 2001 by the IEEE Computer Society.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a80735b554299485f5985f3", "question_text": "What location under Charing Cross railway station did G-A-Y move to?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["venue Heaven"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Charing Cross Road", "paragraph_text": "Charing Cross Road is a street in central London running immediately north of St Martin-in-the-Fields to St Giles Circus (the intersection with Oxford Street) and then becomes Tottenham Court Road. It is so called because it serves Charing Cross railway station (named for the nearby Charing Cross).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "North Western and Charing Cross Railway", "paragraph_text": "The North Western and Charing Cross Railway (NW&CCR) was a railway company established in 1864 to construct an underground railway in London. The NW&CCR was one of a large number of underground railway schemes proposed for London following the opening in 1863 of the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway, but was one of only a few to be authorised by Parliament. The company struggled to raise funding for the construction of its line and was twice renamed, to the Euston, St Pancras and Charing Cross Railway and the London Central Railway, before the proposals were abandoned in 1874.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Charing Cross Music Hall", "paragraph_text": "The Charing Cross Music Hall was established beneath the arches of Charing Cross railway station in 1866 by brothers Giovanni and Carlo Gatti to replace the former Hungerford Hall. The site had been acquired, together with Hungerford Market, by the South Eastern Railway in 1862, and incorporated into the railway station, which opened on 11 January 1864, resulting in the demolition of the hall.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "G-A-Y", "paragraph_text": "G-A-Y is a gay nightclub in London. It operated from the London Astoria music venue for 15 years until July 2008. The Boston Globe described it as \"London's largest gay-themed club night\", \"NME\" reported that it \"attracts 6,000 clubbers each week\", and \"The Independent\" described it as \"the one London gig that really matters\" for \"today's pop stars\". On Friday 3 October 2008, it moved to famous gay venue Heaven.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Heaven (nightclub)", "paragraph_text": "Heaven is a superclub in London, England which appeals predominantly to the gay market. It is located underneath Charing Cross railway station in Central London, just off Trafalgar Square.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Elmbank Gardens", "paragraph_text": "The Charing Cross Complex - now styled as Elmbank Gardens (but sometimes popularly referred to as the Charing Cross Tower), is a multi-use commercial complex in the Charing Cross area of Glasgow, Scotland. Best known for its signature 14-storey tower which overlooks the M8 motorway and stands directly opposite the Mitchell Library, it was designed by Richard Seifert and constructed between 1969 and 1973. It is one of the tallest and most prominent high rise buildings on the western side of Glasgow city centre. The surface buildings of the subterranean railway station which serves Charing Cross are also an integral part of the complex.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Queen Eleanor Memorial Cross", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Eleanor Memorial Cross is a replica of the medieval Eleanor cross at Charing (London), erected in the forecourt of Charing Cross railway station in 1864\u20135. It was designed by Edward Middleton Barry, also the architect of the station, and includes multiple statues of Eleanor of Castile by Thomas Earp. It does not occupy the original site of the Charing Cross (destroyed in 1647), which is now occupied by Hubert Le Sueur's equestrian statue of Charles I.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Charing Cross", "paragraph_text": "Charing Cross ( ) denotes the junction of Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square in central London. It gives its name to several landmarks, including Charing Cross railway station, one of the main London rail terminals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Hungerford Market", "paragraph_text": "Hungerford Market was a produce market in London, at Charing Cross on the Strand. It existed in two different buildings on the same site, the first built in 1682, the second in 1862. The market was first built on the site of Hungerford House, next to Durham Yard, the town house of the Hungerford family. The house had burned down in 1669 as is recorded in the Diary of Samuel Pepys. It was replaced by a new Italianate market building by Charles Fowler, which opened in 1833. The new market was unsuccessful. It was damaged when the adjoining Hungerford Hall burned down in 1854, and was sold to the South Eastern Railway in 1862. Charing Cross railway station was built on the site and opened in 1864.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Charing Cross tube station", "paragraph_text": "Charing Cross (sometimes informally abbreviated as Charing X) is a London Underground station at Charing Cross in the City of Westminster with entrances located in Trafalgar Square and The Strand. The station is served by the Northern and Bakerloo lines and provides an interchange with the National Rail network at Charing Cross station. On the Northern line it is between Embankment and Leicester Square stations on the Charing Cross branch, and on the Bakerloo line it is between Embankment and Piccadilly Circus stations. The station is in Travelcard Zone\u00a01. The station was served by the Jubilee line between 1979 and 1999, acting as the southern terminus of the line during that period.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac11201554299294b21908c", "question_text": "What county is Ron Teachworth from?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Oakland County"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Church of Scientology", "paragraph_text": "The Church of Scientology is a multinational network and hierarchy of numerous ostensibly independent but interconnected corporate entities and other organizations devoted to the practice, administration and dissemination of Scientology, a new religious movement. The Church of Scientology International (CSI) is officially the Church of Scientology's parent organization, and is responsible for guiding local Scientology churches. At a local level, every church is a separate corporate entity set up as a licensed franchise and has its own board of directors and executives. The first Scientology church was incorporated in December 1953 in Camden, New Jersey by L. Ron Hubbard. Its international headquarters are located at the Gold Base, in an unincorporated area of Riverside County, California. The location at Gilman Hotsprings is private property and not accessible by the public. Scientology Missions International is under CSI and oversees Scientology missions, which are local Scientology organizations smaller than churches. The Church of Spiritual Technology (CST) is the organization which owns all the copyrights of the estate of L. Ron Hubbard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ron Teachworth", "paragraph_text": "Ronald S. Teachworth is an American artist, writer and film director from Rochester Hills, Michigan.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ron Stephens (Illinois politician)", "paragraph_text": "Ron Stephens (born 1948) is a former Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 102nd district from 1985 to 1991, and from 1993 until 2011 when he announced his retirement. The district includes portions of Bond County, Madison County, Effingham County, Fayette County and St. Clair County. He was the Assistant Republican Leader in the state House until his retirement.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Sequoyah County Sheriff's Office (Oklahoma)", "paragraph_text": "Sequoyah County Sheriff's Office is the chief law enforcement agency that serves a population of over 42,391 people in Sequoyah County, Oklahoma. In 2007, the sheriff's department became the first in the state to arrest illegal immigrants under Oklahoma's new law, the Oklahoma Taxpayer and Citizen Protection Act of 2007. In 2009, the county jail was put back into the sheriffs department. The jail was previously managed by the Sequoyah County Criminal Justice Authority. Ron Lockhart's uncle, Sam Lockhart, is a former sheriff in the county. As of 2017, Larry Lane is the current Sheriff of Sequoyah County.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Paulville", "paragraph_text": "Paulville, Texas, is an American cooperative organization as well as the site and planned community under its development in the salt flats of north Hudspeth County, intended to consist exclusively of Ron Paul supporters. The Paulville community idea was named after U.S. Congressman and 2012 presidential candidate Ron Paul, and the cooperative is modeled on his often libertarian ideas. \" The New York Times\" says, \"For now, the town is little more than an idea and a title deed,\" but considers it to be evidence that Paul's \"campaign appears to be growing into something beyond a conventional protest campaign,\" also echoing the concept expressed by others that \"the Ron Paul revolution has increasingly less to do with Ron Paul\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Going Back (film)", "paragraph_text": "Going Back is a 1983 American independent drama film written and directed by Ron Teachworth and starring Bruce Campbell and Christopher Howe. It was Campbell's second feature film, produced shortly after \"The Evil Dead\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ohio House of Representatives, 78th District", "paragraph_text": "The Ohio House of Representatives, 78th District, is located in Pickaway County, Ohio, Hocking County, Ohio, Morgan County, Ohio, Fairfield County, Ohio and small parts of Athens and Muskingum counties, with the major population centers being Circleville, Ohio and Logan, Ohio, as well as several villages. District 78 is primary a rural district, but falls within the Columbus Metro area. The district's boundaries were last redrawn in 2012 and the seat has been held by Republican Ron Hood since its redistricting.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ron Ehrenreich", "paragraph_text": "Ron Ehrenreich (born 1950) is an American credit union officer and teacher. He was the Vice-Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party USA in the United States presidential election, 1988, as the running mate of Willa Kenoyer. The ticket received 3,882 votes, 2,587 of the votes came from New Jersey. He has been the treasurer of the Syracuse Cooperative Federal Credit Union since its opening in 1982. He later ran as a Green Party candidate for Onondaga County, New York Comptroller in 1999. Ron is married to Sondra Roth, and has two children, Hanah and Sam.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Rochester Hills, Michigan", "paragraph_text": "Rochester Hills is a city in northeast Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan, in the northern outskirts of Metropolitan Detroit area. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 70,995.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jasper County Community Unit School District 1", "paragraph_text": "Jasper County Community Unit School District 1 is a unified school district based in Jasper County's county seat of Newton, Illinois; it is the only school district in the county and is, consequently, the main educational body in all of Jasper County, although it serves portions of Effingham County and Cumberland County as well. This school district is composed of six schools in total; four elementary schools, one junior high school, and one high school. There is also a prekindergarten program run at the high school of the district should parents wish to enroll their children early. Willow Hill Elementary School, which is located in the village of its namesake, serves only kindergarteners; its proximity to the county seat and central position in the county allows its students to dawn from all parts of the county and still have easy access to the elementary school they will attend. The principal of Willow Hill is Dave Parker. Grove Elementary School is located in Island Grove, Illinois, the highest point of elevation in the county. Grove Elementary School educates students from kindergarten to grade six, and it runs a prekindergarten program as well. Craig Carr is the principal of this school. Ste. Marie Elementary School is located in the southern Jasper County village of Ste. Marie, and serves students in grades one through six. The principal of Ste. Marie is David Parker, the principal of Willow Hill Elementary School. Newton Elementary School is located in the county seat of Newton, and serves most of west Jasper County's first through sixth graders under principal Travis Wyatt. The latter three elementary schools feed into Jasper County Junior High School and are taught in the facility during seventh and eighth grade while being supervised by Newton Elementary School principal Travis Wyatt before graduating into Newton Community High School. Students in grades nine through twelve spend their last leg of precollegiate education at this school; their principal is Ruth Kerner. The district superintendent is Ron Alburtus, and the district's mascot is the eagle.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77415b55429966f1a36cd2", "question_text": "What actor from Northern Ireland born in 1983 starred in Whole Lotta Sole?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Martin \"Marty\" McCann"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Northern Ireland Association of Aeromodellers", "paragraph_text": "The Northern Ireland Association of Aeromodellers (NIAA), is the governing body for all British Model Flying Association (BMFA) affiliated clubs in Northern Ireland. The NIAA committee is elected by, and from representatives of the local Northern Ireland flying clubs, with an aim to promote, protect, organise and encourage model aircraft flying throughout Northern Ireland. Additionally the organisation coordinates local club events and activities, and acts as a contact and representative on their behalf to the BMFA. The NIAA is accredited in these rolls by the Sports Council for Northern Ireland (SCNI), and the BMFA who are delegated by the Royal Aero Club to be responsible for all aspects of model flying in Great Britain. The BMFA is also recognised as the sole representative organisation for the sport in the UK by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale (FAI) which is the world wide governing body for all forms of sporting aviation, including model flying.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jackie Woodburne", "paragraph_text": "Jacqueline Anne \"Jackie\" Woodburne (born 5 February 1956) is a Northern Ireland born Australian actress best known for her television roles in soap operas \"Prisoner\" and \"Neighbours\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Martin McCann (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Martin \"Marty\" McCann (born 20 July 1983) is an actor from Northern Ireland.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "There's a Whole Lot of Loving", "paragraph_text": "\"There's a Whole Lot of Loving\" is a 1975 hit song by Guys 'n' Dolls written by Christian Arnold with lyrics by David Martin and Geoff Morrow. The song was a #2 hit in both the UK and Ireland, and became the biggest hit for the group. The song was covered as \"Whole Lotta Lovin'\" by Six and was a number one single in Ireland in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "James Brown (Elvis impersonator)", "paragraph_text": "James \"The King\" Brown (born 1968) is a Belfast-born Elvis Presley tribute act known for his covers of songs done in the style of Elvis. In the vein of \"songs that Elvis should have done,\" Brown performs songs like \"Whole Lotta Rosie\", originally by AC/DC, and \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\", originally by Queen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Great Britain at the 2016 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competed as Great Britain at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. The United Kingdom was represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), and the team of selected athletes was also known as Team GB. British athletes have appeared in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era, alongside Australia, France, Greece, and Switzerland, though Great Britain is the only country to have won at least one gold medal at all of them. Although the British Olympic Association is the National Olympic Committee (NOC) for Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Northern Irish athletes can choose whether to compete for Great Britain or for the Republic of Ireland, as they are entitled to citizenship of either nation under the Good Friday Agreement. In 2016 Northern Ireland born representatives in Team GB included returning rowers Alan Campbell, Peter Chambers and Richard Chambers, archer Patrick Huston and four members of the men's field hockey team: David Ames, Mark Gleghorne, Iain Lewers and Ian Sloan. The team also represents, and included representation from, the Crown dependencies, among which were Guernsey's Heather Watson and Carl Hester, and from the ten of the thirteen British Overseas Territories represented by the BOA rather than their own NOC, whose representatives include Turks and Caicos-born sprinter Delano Williams and Anguillan-born long jumper Shara Proctor", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John Cameron (musician)", "paragraph_text": "John Cameron (born 20 March 1944, Woodford, Essex, England) is a British composer, arranger, conductor and musician. He is well known for his many film, TV and stage credits, and for his contributions to \"pop\" recordings, notably those by Donovan, Cilla Black and the group Hot Chocolate. Cameron's instrumental version of Led Zeppelin's \"Whole Lotta Love\", became a hit for his group Collective Consciousness Society and, for many years, a version of Cameron's arrangement was used as the theme music for the BBC TV show, \"Top of the Pops\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Whole Lotta Trouble", "paragraph_text": "\"Whole Lotta Trouble\" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Stevie Nicks. The song was written by Nicks and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers guitarist Mike Campbell. The song became a minor hit in the United Kingdom, reached #62 on the charts. In Ireland, The song gained much more attention, reached #22 on the charts. The song was last performed by Nicks on August 29, 2000 where it was performed in San Diego, California. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Vocal Performance, Female.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Stevie Nicks song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast\" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Stevie Nicks. It is the final track on her second album \"The Wild Heart\", released in 1983. It was later released in a live version from Nicks 1986 \"Rock a Little\" tour as a B-side to the UK single \"Whole Lotta Trouble\" in October 1989. It also appears on two compilations: \"Timespace \u2013 The Best of Stevie Nicks\", released in 1991, and the boxset, \"Enchanted\", released in 1998. A new studio version appears on her album, \"The Soundstage Sessions\", released in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Whole Lotta Sole", "paragraph_text": "Whole Lotta Sole (known as Stand Off in North America) is a 2012 independent comedy film written and directed by Terry George and starring Brendan Fraser, David O'Hara, Colm Meaney, Yaya DaCosta and Martin McCann.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae4eb9255429908b63264ba", "question_text": "What were the nations after 1722 that composed a culture that was extensively studied by William N. Fenton?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Near polygon", "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, a near polygon is an incidence geometry introduced by Ernest E. Shult and Arthur Yanushka in 1980. Shult and Yanushka showed the connection between the so-called tetrahedrally closed line-systems in Euclidean spaces and a class of point-line geometries which they called near polygons. These structures generalise the notion of generalized polygon as every generalized 2\"n\"-gon is a near 2\"n\"-gon of a particular kind. Near polygons were extensively studied and connection between them and dual polar spaces was shown in 1980s and early 1990s. Some sporadic simple groups, for example the Hall-Janko group and the Mathieu groups, act as automorphism groups of near polygons.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bimal N. Patel", "paragraph_text": "Bimal N. Patel is a Professor of Public International Law and the current Director of the Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar. He was appointed by a High Level Committee headed by the then Chief Justice of India, K G Balakrishnan, at the Supreme Court of India premises. The Government of India has also recently appointed him as a member of the 21st Law Commission of India along with Justice Balbir Singh Chauhan, retired Judge of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India as its chairperson. Prof. Patel is a former International civil servant, scholar and academician of international law and diplomacy.An acclaimed international law jurist, he has extensively studied, researched, commented and published works on the administrative, procedural and substantive jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and International Labour Organisation Administrative Tribunal (Geneva). His publications on India and International Law and Responsibility of International Organisations are reviewed and referred by international law scholars and journals across the world. He has published, edited several books, research papers/articles/surveys in leading academic and international law journals. He has been involved in drafting several national and state primary and secondary legislations, regulations, rules and holds the distinction as one of the first Indians to serve at the International Labour Organization Administrative Tribunal (Geneva). He has delivered numerous lectures, including one at Cambridge University, UK, and has received several honours. He has served at the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons,Hague, Netherlands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "William N. Fenton", "paragraph_text": "William N. Fenton (December 15, 1908 \u2013 June 17, 2005) was an American scholar and writer known for his extensive studies of Iroquois history and culture. He started his studies of the Iroquois in the 1930s and published a number of significant works over the following decades. His final work was published in 2002. During his career, Fenton was director of the New York State Museum and a professor of anthropology at the State University of New York.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nematostella", "paragraph_text": "Nematostella is a genus of sea anemones in the family Edwardsiidae. There are three species. The best known is the starlet sea anemone (\"N. vectensis\"), which has been extensively studied as a model organism in fields such as genetics, evolution, and ecology. The defining morphological apomorphy of \"Nematostella\" is the presence of nematosomes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "William N. Rhodes", "paragraph_text": "William N. Rhodes was an American airforce Technical Sergeant in World War II. On March 31, 1945, TSgt. William N. Rhodes' aircraft was engaged in a mission to take out a primary target (oil refinery) at Ziet, Germany. During that engagement his B-17 aircraft was hit by enemy fire. The number three engine oil supply line was cut by flak, and the landing gear was hit and jammed. Flak also damaged an engine housing causing that prop to be shut down and feathered. The Aircraft was able to maintain an altitude of 17,500 feet and began its journey back to England when two jet propelled German fighters attacked. These two German aircraft were sighted and immediately reported to the pilot by TSgt. Rhodes. The B-17 was hit during the German fighter attack inflicting extensive damage to the aircraft's number three fuel tank, causing it to explode and tossed the right wing violently. Following this hit the aircraft went into a tight downward spin, within just a few thousand feet the tail section of the aircraft blew off causing the aircraft to level off slightly and continue falling in a shallow spin. This presented the opportunity for the Navigator, Turret Gunner, Co-Pilot and TSgt. Rhodes to bail out. TSgt. Rhodes and three other crew members landed near Biberach, Germany. Of the nine original crew members on the B-17, only four survived the aerial encounter. Upon landing, TSgt. Rhodes and the other survivor\u2019s were captured by German troops waiting on the ground, searched and taken to a Luftwaffe camp where they were processed as Prisoners of war.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ashanti Empire", "paragraph_text": "The Ashanti (also spelled Asante) Empire (1701\u20131957) was an Akan empire and kingdom in what is now modern-day Ghana. The Ashanti Empire expanded from Ashanti to include the Brong-Ahafo, Central region, Eastern region, Greater Accra region, and Western region, of present-day Ghana. The Ashanti benefited from early firearm adoption. Combined with effective strategy, they fashioned an empire that stretched from central Ghana to the present-day Ivory Coast. Due to the empire's military prowess, wealth, architecture, sophisticated hierarchy and culture, Ashanti has been extensively studied and has more historiographies by European, primarily British, authors than almost any other indigenous culture of Sub-Saharan Africa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Iroquois", "paragraph_text": "The Iroquois ( or ) or Haudenosaunee ( ) are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy. They were known during the colonial years to the French as the \"Iroquois League,\" and later as the \"Iroquois Confederacy,\" and to the English as the \"Five Nations\" (before 1722), and later as the \"Six Nations,\" comprising the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora peoples.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Kunda culture", "paragraph_text": "Kunda Culture, originating from the Swiderian culture, comprised mesolithic hunter-gatherer communities of the Baltic forest zone extending eastwards through Latvia into northern Russia, dating to the period 8500\u20135000 BC according calibrated radiocarbon dating. It is named after the Estonian town of Kunda, about 110 km east of Tallinn along the Gulf of Finland, near where the first extensively studied settlement was discovered on Lammasm\u00e4e Hill and in the surrounding peat bog. The oldest known Kunda culture settlement in Estonia is Pulli. The Kunda Culture was succeeded by the Narva culture, who used pottery and showed some traces of food production.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Oliver Phase", "paragraph_text": "The Oliver Phase is the name for a Late Woodland Native American culture that flourished from 1200 and 1450 CE along the east and west forks of the White River in central and southern Indiana. The Oliver Phase is of the Western Basin Tradition which includes the Springwells Phase, the Younge Phase, and the Riviere au Vase Phase. Oliver people were village dwelling farmers with a heavy reliance on maize, very similar to other Late Woodland peoples in the area the Oneota, Fort Ancient, and Monongahela cultures. The name was originally coined by archaeologist James B. Griffin in 1946 to describe a Late Woodland ceramic complex centered in Hamilton and Marion counties in the valley of the West Fork of the White River first extensively studied at the Bowen site.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Candicine", "paragraph_text": "Candicine is a naturally occurring organic compound that is a quaternary ammonium salt with a phenethylamine skeleton. It is the N,N,N-trimethyl derivative of the well-known biogenic amine tyramine, and, being a natural product with a positively charged nitrogen atom in its molecular structure, it is classed as an alkaloid. Although it is found in a variety of plants, including barley, its properties have not been extensively studied with modern techniques. Candicine is toxic after parenteral administration, producing symptoms of neuromuscular blockade; further details are given in the \"Pharmacology\" section below.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adf38ae5542993a75d26433", "question_text": "Both Alexander Hall and Pierre Morel are involved in which profession?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["film director"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Overdrive (2017 film)", "paragraph_text": "Overdrive is a 2017 action thriller film directed by Antonio Negret, produced by Michael Brandt, Derek Haas and Pierre Morel and the screenplay was written by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas. The film stars Scott Eastwood, Freddie Thorp, Ana de Armas, and Gaia Weiss. Principal photography began on January 4, 2016 in Paris and Marseille, France. The film tells the story of Andrew and Garret Foster, young brothers who are skilled car thieves which having expertise in the most luxury cars, they both are sent to steal a Bugatti car at Southern France, but they are getting caught by the car's owner; a ruthless local crime lord. In exchange for their life and for apology for attempting to steal his car, the crime lord forces the brothers into stealing a luxury Ferari car from the crime lord's arch-rival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Alexander Hall", "paragraph_text": "Alexander Hall (January 11, 1894, Boston, Massachusetts \u2013 July 30, 1968, San Francisco, California) was an American film director and theatre actor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "From Paris with Love (film)", "paragraph_text": "From Paris with Love is a 2010 English-language French action film starring John Travolta and Jonathan Rhys Meyers and directed by Pierre Morel. The screenplay was co-written by Luc Besson. The film was released in the United States on February 5, 2010.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Taken (film)", "paragraph_text": "Taken is a 2008 English-language French action thriller film directed by Pierre Morel, written by Luc Besson and Robert Mark Kamen, and starring Liam Neeson, Maggie Grace, Leland Orser, Jon Gries, David Warshofsky, Holly Valance, Katie Cassidy, Xander Berkeley, Olivier Rabourdin, G\u00e9rard Watkins, and Famke Janssen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Pierre Morel (cyclist)", "paragraph_text": "Pierre Morel (born 10 September 1930) is a French former professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1960 Tour de France.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "District 13", "paragraph_text": "District 13 (French title \"Banlieue 13\" or \"B13\"), is a 2004 French action film directed by Pierre Morel and written and produced by Luc Besson. The film is notable for its depiction of parkour in a number of stunt sequences that were completed without the use of wires or computer generated effects. Because of this, some film critics have drawn comparisons to the popular Thai film \"\". David Belle, regarded as the founder of parkour, plays Le\u00efto, one of the protagonists in the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Gunman (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Gunman is a 2015 action thriller film directed by Pierre Morel and written by Don Macpherson, Pete Travis and Sean Penn, based on the novel \"The Prone Gunman\" (French title: \"La position du tireur couch\u00e9\") by Jean-Patrick Manchette. It stars Penn, with Idris Elba, Ray Winstone, Mark Rylance, and Javier Bardem appearing in supporting roles. The film is about Jim Terrier (Penn), a mercenary who assassinates the Minister of Mining of the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2006 on orders from multinational mining companies. Eight years after Terrier has retired from mercenary work, he and the people close to him become the targets of hit squads sent by a powerful multinational security firm, and he must fight to stay alive. The film was released on March 20, 2015 by Open Road Films. It was a box office bomb, grossing just $24 million against its $40 million budget and seeing a poor critical reception.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Pierre Morel d'Arleux", "paragraph_text": "Pierre Morel d'Arleux (8 April 1897 \u2013 29 March 1964) was a French philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1950. He was Honorary Secretary of the \"Acad\u00e9mie de Philatelie\" and Honorary Secretary of the \"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Amis du Mus\u00e9e Postal\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "E. D. Morel", "paragraph_text": "Edmund Dene Morel, originally Georges Eduard Pierre Achille Morel de Ville (10 July 1873 \u2013 12 November 1924), was a British journalist, author, pacifist, and politician. In collaboration with Roger Casement, Morel led a campaign against slavery in the Congo Free State, founding the Congo Reform Association and running the \"West African Mail\". He played a significant role in the British pacifist movement during the First World War, participating in the foundation and becoming secretary of the Union of Democratic Control, at which point he broke with the Liberal Party. After the war he joined the Independent Labour Party. Bertrand Russell said of Morel, \"No other man known to me has had the same heroic simplicity in pursuing and proclaiming political truth.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Pierre Morel", "paragraph_text": "Pierre Morel (born 12 May 1964) is a French film director and cinematographer. His work include \"District 13\", \"From Paris with Love\" and \"Taken.\"", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a72f7df5542991f9a20c5d7", "question_text": "Piers Bizony has written articles for which magazine based in Bristol, UK?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["BBC Focus"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Bill Bonner (author)", "paragraph_text": "Bill Bonner is an American author of books and articles on economic and financial subjects. He is the founder and president of Agora, Inc., as well as a co-founder of Bonner & Partners publishing. Bonner has written articles for the news and opinion blog LewRockwell.com, \"MoneyWeek\" magazine, and his daily financial column \"Bill Bonner's Diary\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "BBC Focus", "paragraph_text": "BBC Focus is a British monthly magazine about science and technology published in Bristol, UK by Immediate Media Company. Under the editorship of Daniel Bennett it covers all aspects of science and technology and is written for general readers as well as people with a knowledge of science. Formerly known as Focus, the magazine was taken over by BBC Magazines in mid-2005 and renamed in \"BBC Focus\". There are also regular science celebrity features and interviews.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Armando Zamora", "paragraph_text": "Armando Zamora (born 1958, in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico) is a journalist, writer and musician. Zamora has written articles, poems, short stories and novels. A number of these deal with topics related to agriculture, many of which are academic in nature. His work has won a number of awards including first place in the Juegos Florales Anita Pompa de Trujillo in 1981, first in the Juegos Feria Amealco 92 in Quer\u00e9tero, the Concurso de Cuento in 1986, and an honorable mention at the World of Poetry in Miami, Florida. His major works include \"Cuadriludios\", \"Mi coraz\u00f3n es un gato enfermo y al borde del tejado\", \"Equinoccios de la soledad\", \"Bit\u00e1cora del n\u00e1ufrago y otros poemas\" and \"Navegaci\u00f3n al interior\". His best-known novel is \"El que se raje es puto\". He has also written a large number of magazine articles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rex Gilroy", "paragraph_text": "Rex Gilroy (born November 9, 1943) is an Australian who has written articles and self-published books on cryptids and unexplained or speculative phenomena. His work has focused on yowie reports, 'out of place' animals, UFOs, and propositions regarding a 'lost' Australian civilization. He has contributed to, or been the subject of, several articles, in speculative media such as Nexus magazine and in Australian newspapers. He is the author and publisher of several books, the first of which appeared in 1986. He has documented over 3000 reports relating to yowies. His eclectic career has seen field research into butterflies and anthropology, but he remains most notable for his controversial searches for the recently extinct thylacine, moas, alien big cats or the source of the yowie legend.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Daniel Smith (writer)", "paragraph_text": "Daniel Smith (born October 7, 1977) is an American journalist and author of the 2012 memoir \"Monkey Mind: A Memoir of Anxiety\". He has written articles and essays for \"The New York Times Magazine\", \"The Atlantic\", \"Slate\", \"n+1\", \"Harper's Magazine\", \"New York\", and others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Magazine", "paragraph_text": "A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published (sometimes referred to as an online magazine). Magazines are generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by prepaid subscriptions, or a combination of the three. At its root, the word \"magazine\" refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles. This explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and, in French, retail stores such as department stores.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Piers Bizony", "paragraph_text": "Piers Bizony is a science journalist, space historian, author, and exhibition organiser. Bizony specialises in the topics of outer space, special effects, and technology. He has written articles for \"The Independent\", \"BBC Focus\" and \"Wired\". His 1997 book \"The Rivers of Mars\" was shortlisted for the Eugene M. Emme Astronautical Literature Award. His book \"2001: Filming the Future\" (1994, revised 2000, expanded 2014) is an authoritative reference about Stanley Kubrick's film \"\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jochen Breiholz", "paragraph_text": "Born in Oldenburg, Germany, Breiholz studied literature, theatre, musicology and art history at Free University of Berlin. In 1988 he did an internship at \"Opera News\" in New York City which led to an assignment as a freelance writer for the magazine. Until 2004, he worked for Opera News as a music critic, reporting mainly on the European opera scene. In 1996, Breiholz became a frequent contributor for \"Opernwelt\" magazine in Berlin. From 1997 until 2002 he worked as a writer and editor of the Arts section for the German daily newspaper \"Die Welt\". In 2002 he moved back to New York and worked as a correspondent for several European publications, reporting on opera, classical music concerts, and theatre. He has written articles for the British magazine \"Opera Now\", the German magazine \"Rondo\", \"The Wall Street Journal Europe\" and the Swiss magazine \"Musik & Theater\", among other publications. He has also worked as an interviewer for classical music radio programs. In 2005 he worked as a talent scout for a New York artists agency. He was Director of International Relations for the Latvian National Opera in Riga, Latvia, from 2006 until 2011 and also worked as dramaturg for the company. From August 2011 until March 2016 he was the Artistic Director of the Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp, Belgium. Since April 2016 he is the Director of Artistic Administration and Casting at Theater an der Wien in Vienna.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mohammad Abdi", "paragraph_text": "Mohammad Abdi (Persian:\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u06cc, Tehran, Iran, 1974) is a writer, film critic, and art researcher. He has written articles for more than 40 publications and journals in Persian in Iran and abroad. From 1999 - 2000, Abdi served as editor-in-chief of \"Seventh Art\" magazine, a theoretic magazine on film and cinema. In 1998, Abdi published \"Film Criticism in Iran\", an analytical, historical study on film criticism in Iran. He and some other film critics were arrested in 2003 by the government of Islamic republic of Iran in reprisal for his articles.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Bruce Barcott", "paragraph_text": "Bruce Barcott is an American editor, environmental journalist and author. He is a contributing editor of \"Outside\" and has written articles for \"The New York Times Magazine\", \"National Geographic\", \"Mother Jones\", \"Sports Illustrated\", \"Harper's Magazine\", \"Legal Affairs\", \"Utne Reader\" and others. He has also written a number of books, including \"The Measure of a Mountain: Beauty and Terror on Mount Rainier\" (1997) and \"The Last Flight of the Scarlet Macaw: One Woman's Fight to Save the World's Most Beautiful Bird\" (2008). In 2009 he was named a Guggenheim Fellow in nonfiction.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8198565542995ce29dcc13", "question_text": "Are Ranger Rick and Tennis both sports magazines?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Andr\u00e9 Laguerre", "paragraph_text": "Marc Andr\u00e9 Laguerre (February 21, 1915 \u2013 January 18, 1979) was a journalist and magazine editor, best known as the managing editor of \"Sports Illustrated\" from 1960 to 1974, during which time he oversaw the growth in the magazine from a niche publication to become the industry leader in weekly sports magazines. It was under his leadership that the annual \"Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue\" was first published. When he retired in 1974, he had been managing editor of the magazine for 704 issues, then a record among magazines published by Time, Inc., SI's parent company.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "World Soccer (magazine)", "paragraph_text": "World Soccer is an English language football magazine published by IPC Media. The magazine was established in 1960. It specialises in the international football scene. Its regular contributing writers include Brian Glanville, Sid Lowe and Tim Vickery. \"World Soccer\" is a member of the European Sports Magazines (ESM), an umbrella group of similar magazines printed in other languages. Other members include \"A Bola\", \"Don Bal\u00f3n\", \"Kicker\", \"La Gazzetta dello Sport\" and \"Sport Express\". The members of this group elect a European \"Team of the Month\" and a European \"Team of the Year\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ejikeme Ikwunze", "paragraph_text": "Ejikeme Ikwunze, popularly called Mr Football, is an international figure in Nigeria's sporting community. He is a sports columnist and contributes articles to several international sports magazines as well as Nigerian Newspapers including the \"National Ambassador\", \"Vanguard\", \"ThisDay\" and the \"Daily Champion\". He also features as a sports commentator on several stations such as \"Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria\", the \"BCA Radio\", \"Abia Television\" and \"Pacesetter Radio\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "El Gr\u00e1fico", "paragraph_text": "El Gr\u00e1fico is a classic monthly Argentine sports magazine. The magazine was originally published as a weekly newspaper in May 1919, and then turned to a sports magazine exclusively. It has been scheduled monthly from 2002. \"El Gr\u00e1fico\" is one of the most regarded sports magazines not only in Argentina but in Latin America. The magazine was nicknamed \"La Biblia del deporte\" (\"The Bible of sports\") due to its chronicles, notable journalists and collaborators and its photography.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ranger Rick", "paragraph_text": "Ranger Rick, originally Ranger Rick's Nature Magazine, is a children\u2019s nature magazine that is published by the United States National Wildlife Federation. The magazine offers feature articles and activities for children, ages 7 and up, in order to spark their interest in the outdoors and become more actively involved in the environment. The magazine's primary intention is to instill a passion for nature and promote activity outdoors. NWF also publishes two companion magazines, \"Ranger Rick Jr.\", which is aimed at ages 4\u20137, and \"Ranger Rick Cub\", which is aimed at kids 0\u20134 years old.)", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tennis (magazine)", "paragraph_text": "TENNIS is an American sports magazine owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group. There are eight issues per year covering the world of tennis. The \"tennis.com\" website is an offshoot of the magazine and part of the same media company.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Lorin Thompson", "paragraph_text": "Lorin Thompson, Lorin Hartwell Jr Thompson, (1911\u20131997), was a muralist, artist, and creator and illustrator of the character \"Ranger Rick\" for the National Wildlife Federation's children's magazine, Ranger Rick.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Al Carter", "paragraph_text": "Albert Houston Carter Jr. (born May 20, 1952) is a former reporter and sports columnist for the \"Houston Chronicle\", \"The Dallas Morning News\" and other major daily newspapers in Texas and Oklahoma. His writing career spanned three decades. He was the recipient of numerous national and regional writing awards, including Oklahoma Sportswriter of the Year (1980) and Texas Sportswriter of the Year (1985). He has made frequent appearances on TV and radio sports shows and has had numerous articles published in sports magazines and books.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dick Gordon (sports writer)", "paragraph_text": "Charles Richards Gordon, known as Dick \"Scoop\" Gordon (January 15, 1911\u00a0\u2013 December 8, 2008), was an American sports journalist whose works were a regular feature in venerable sports magazines like \"The Sporting News\", \"Sports Illustrated\", and \"Baseball Digest\". After earning his nickname \"Scoop\" in 1930 by reporting for \"The Daily Princetonian\" that golfing legend Bobby Jones would be retiring from active competition, Gordon went on to a sports reporting career which ended in 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Football World", "paragraph_text": "Football World, later renamed \"Athletic World\", was an American magazine devoted to the coverage of inter-collegiate sports. Its masthead described it as \"A Magazine With a Mission to Serve the College Man,\" a publication \"devoted to Inter-collegiate Athletics and sports of Amateur standing only.\" It was founded in 1921 by J. D. Fetzer. The name of the magazine was later changed to \"Athletic World\" as the coverage extended to a broader range of sports, including women's swimming. Unlike other sports magazines of the era, which focused on promoting a healthy lifestyle, \"Football World/Athletic World\" celebrated the entertainment value of sports with a special emphasis on the personalities of famous athletes. The magazine was renamed \"Outing\" in December 1924, reflecting a change in its focus.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae81032554299540e5a572a", "question_text": "Which satellite suburb of Melbourne is partially included in the Electoral district of Bass?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Pakenham"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Officer, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Officer is a satellite suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 54\u00a0km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Cardinia local government area. Officer recorded a population of 7,133 at the 2016 Census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Electoral district of Broken Hill", "paragraph_text": "Broken Hill was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. From 1894 to 1913, the Broken Hill district was covered by the electoral districts of \"Broken Hill\", Willyama and Sturt. In the 1912 redistribution, the electoral district of \"Broken Hill\" was abolished and absorbed into \"Willyama\" and \"Sturt\". In 1920, \"Willyama\", \"Sturt\" and the electoral district of Cobar were combined to create a three-member \"Sturt\". In 1927, single-member electorates were recreated and the city of Broken Hill was split between \"Sturt\" and Murray. From 1932, the city of Broken Hill was split between \"Sturt\" and Cobar. In 1968 \"Sturt\" was renamed Broken Hill and included all of the city of Broken Hill. In 1999, it was merged with part of \"Murray\" and renamed the electoral district of Murray-Darling.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Electoral district of Braidwood", "paragraph_text": "Braidwood was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales between 1859 and 1904, which included the town of Braidwood. It replaced parts of the electoral district of United Counties of Murray and St Vincent and the electoral district of Southern Boroughs. In 1904 it was largely absorbed into the electoral district of Queanbeyan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Electoral district of Nunawading", "paragraph_text": "The electoral district of Nunawading was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria, located in the eastern Melbourne suburb of Nunawading. A notable former member was future Prime Minister, Robert Menzies.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Electoral district of Bass", "paragraph_text": "The Electoral district of Bass is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It covers an area of 1,383 sqkm south east of Melbourne, stretching from outer suburban Pakenham through rural areas to the coast at Inverloch and Phillip Island. It includes the towns of Bass, Cape Patterson, Corinella, Cowes, Grantville, Inverloch, Kilcunda, Koo Wee Rup, Lang Lang, Rhyll, San Remo, Ventnor, Wonthaggi, and part of suburban Pakenham. It lies within the Eastern Victoria Region of the upper house, the Legislative Council.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Electoral district of Emerald Hill", "paragraph_text": "Emerald Hill was an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, Australia. It covered part of the inner-city suburb South Melbourne and consisted part of the previous Electoral district of South Melbourne which was abolished in 1859. (The other part of the South Melbourne electorate became the Electoral district of Sandridge).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pakenham, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Pakenham is a satellite suburb of Melbourne on the edge of the West Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia, 56 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Cardinia local government area. Pakenham recorded a population of 46,421 at the 2016 Census.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Electoral district of North Eastern Boroughs", "paragraph_text": "North Eastern Boroughs was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1856 to 1859 that included the towns of Newcastle, Stockton and Raymond Terrace. It was partly replaced by the electoral district of Newcastle and the electoral district of Hunter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Beaconsfield, Victoria", "paragraph_text": "Beaconsfield is a satellite suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 46\u00a0km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Cardinia local government area. Beaconsfield recorded a population of 6,714 at the 2016 Census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Electoral district of Tullamarine", "paragraph_text": "Electoral district of Tullamarine was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. The district centred on the suburb of Tullamarine, about 17km north-west of Melbourne.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abd68d655429933744ab7c0", "question_text": "Were Dee Dee Ramone and Ben Weasel ever in the same band?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rockaway Beach (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Rockaway Beach\" is a song by the American punk rock band the Ramones from their 1977 album \"Rocket to Russia\". The song was written by bassist Dee Dee Ramone in the style of the Beach Boys and early surf rock bands. The song is about Rockaway Beach, Queens, where Dee Dee liked to spend time. Guitarist Johnny Ramone claimed that Dee Dee was \"the only real beachgoer\" in the group. Released in 1977, it was the Ramones' highest-charting single in their career, peaking at number 66 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In June, 2013, the song was used in a radio ad campaign sponsored by Queens Economic Development Corporation to promote recovery from Hurricane Sandy by drawing New Yorkers back to Rockaway Beach.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Dee Dee Ramone I.C.L.C.", "paragraph_text": "Dee Dee Ramone I.C.L.C. (Inter-Celestial Light Commune) was a solo project by Ramones bassist Dee Dee Ramone.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Dum Dum Girls", "paragraph_text": "Dum Dum Girls are an American rock band, formed in 2008. It began as the bedroom recording project of singer and songwriter Dee Dee (n\u00e9e Kristin Gundred). She is currently based in New York City. The name is a double homage to the Vaselines' album \"Dum Dum\" and the Iggy Pop song \"Dum Dum Boys\". Critics initially assumed that Dee Dee's stage name was inspired by Dee Dee Ramone, but she stated that this was not true; it was her mother's name, which she took as her middle name after her mother's death. The last name \"Penny\" was erroneously provided by British music magazine \"NME\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The Ramainz", "paragraph_text": "The Ramainz were a U.S. tribute band to the Ramones. Its members included Dee Dee Ramone, Marky Ramone, Dee Dee's wife Barbara Zampini (also known as Barbara Ramone) and C. J. Ramone. They were known as The Remains until 1999 but had to change the spelling due to another band already using the name. They released one live album entitled \"Live in N.Y.C.\" on 8 October 2002, four months after Dee Dee Ramone's death on 5 June.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Dee Dee Ramone", "paragraph_text": "Douglas Glenn Colvin (September 18, 1951\u00a0\u2013 June 5, 2002), known professionally as Dee Dee Ramone, was a German-American musician, singer and songwriter best known as founding member, songwriter, bassist and occasional lead vocalist for the punk rock band the Ramones.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Youth Gone Mad Featuring Dee Dee Ramone", "paragraph_text": "Youth Gone Mad featuring Dee Dee Ramone is a collaboration studio album by the American punk band the Youth Gone Mad and former Ramones bassist Dee Dee Ramone. It was released on December 31, 2002 (see 2002 in music). This is known to contain Dee Dee's final studio recordings before his death in June 2002. Originally issued as a 12\" picture disc LP by tREND iS dEAD! records, the vinyl featured paintings by Dee Dee and Youth Gone Mad frontman Paul Kostabi on both sides and the insert. The album was remastered and released on compact disc by the same record label in 2003. A standard vinyl LP edition with different artwork was released in Germany by Wanker Records, also in 2003.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chelsea Horror Hotel", "paragraph_text": "Chelsea Horror Hotel: A Novel is a 2001 novel by Dee Dee Ramone, a member of the punk band The Ramones. It was released 13 months before Dee Dee died due to a heroin overdose. The book follows Dee Dee as he dictates daily events at the Hotel Chelsea in New York City with his wife Barbra and dog Banfield. Dee Dee is convinced that the room he stays in is the same where his old friend Sid Vicious killed his girlfriend, Nancy Spungen. Dee Dee is further visited by other dead punks, including Johnny Thunders and Stiv Bators.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Animal Boy", "paragraph_text": "Animal Boy is the ninth studio album released by the American punk band the Ramones through Sire Records on May 19, 1986. Due to conflicts within the group, the album features less of lead singer Joey Ramone, both in performing and writing, and less of lead guitarist Johnny Ramone. Bassist Dee Dee Ramone wrote and sang more on this album than previous albums, and Richie Ramone became the first drummer to write songs for the band. The album spawned four singles, all of which charted on the UK Singles Chart. In addition to singles, the band promoted their album by making a music video which parodied the benefit concerts Live Aid and Hands Across America.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Dee Dee Ramone and the Chinese Dragons", "paragraph_text": "Dee Dee Ramone and the Chinese Dragons was a band fronted by former Ramones bassist Dee Dee Ramone. It was formed in March 1992, and was the second post-Ramones band for Dee Dee, following Dee Dee Ramone and the Spikey Tops. The band was made up of Ramone on guitar and vocals, former Liars, Cheats and Thieves members Richie Screech (aka Richie Karaczynski) and Alan Valentine on guitar and bass respectively, and Scott Goldstein on drums. In the band's short time together, they only released one 7\" single which featured an original song on the a-side and a cover of the New York Dolls' \"Chatterbox\" on the b-side. Ramone's next project after this was Dee Dee Ramone I.C.L.C.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Ben Weasel", "paragraph_text": "Ben Weasel (born Benjamin Foster) is a punk rock musician, best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the band Screeching Weasel. He is also the co-host of \"Weasel Radio\", a weekly radio show formerly on ESPN 1070, which has been relaunched as a podcast.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a806e01554299485f5985e5", "question_text": "Who starred in the 1991 American action comedy film The Hard Way and was featured on the roster of Rawkus Records?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mos Def"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Sidehackers", "paragraph_text": "The Sidehackers (also known as Five the Hard Way) is a 1969 American action film about motorcycle racing with a twist. Each motorcycle has a sidehack (or \"sidecar\"), in which a passenger rides and tilts to one side or another when going around curves. The credits thank the \"Southern California Sidehack Association\"; sidehacking is also known as sidecarcross or \"sidecar motocross racing\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Last Boy Scout", "paragraph_text": "The Last Boy Scout is a 1991 American action comedy film directed by Tony Scott, starring Bruce Willis, Damon Wayans, Chelsea Field, Noble Willingham, Taylor Negron and Danielle Harris. The film was released in the United States on December 13, 1991.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Hard Way (1991 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Hard Way is a 1991 American action comedy film directed by John Badham, and starring Michael J. Fox and James Woods. Stephen Lang, Annabella Sciorra, Luis Guzm\u00e1n, LL Cool J, Delroy Lindo, Christina Ricci, Mos Def, Kathy Najimy, Michael Badalucco, and Lewis Black appear in supporting roles.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Main Khiladi Tu Anari", "paragraph_text": "Main Khiladi Tu Anari (English: \"Me, the Player, You, the Unskilled\") is a 1994 Indian Hindi action comedy film directed by Sameer Malkan. The films screenplay is by Sachin Bhowmick. Starring Akshay Kumar, Saif Ali Khan and Shilpa Shetty in pivotal roles, the film went on to become one of the top 5 highest grossing movie of the year and was declared a \"SUPER HIT\" at the end of its theatrical run. It was the second installment in the Khiladi (film series). It was the first Bollywood action film to be reviewed by martial arts film critic Albert Valentin on the now defunct KungFuCinema.com The movie is inspired by the 1991 movie \"The Hard Way\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Hudson Hawk", "paragraph_text": "Hudson Hawk is a 1991 American action comedy film directed by Michael Lehmann. Bruce Willis stars in the title role and also co-wrote both the story and the theme song. Danny Aiello, Andie MacDowell, James Coburn, David Caruso, Lorraine Toussaint, Frank Stallone, Sandra Bernhard, and Richard E. Grant are also featured.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Shabaam Sahdeeq", "paragraph_text": "Marcus Vialva, better known by his stage name Shabaam Sahdeeq, is an alternative hip hop artist from Brooklyn, New York. He first reached fame with Rawkus Records and was featured alongside artists including Busta Rhymes, Redman, Method Man, Kool G Rap, Common, Mos Def and Eminem. Shabaam Sahdeeq is notable for his work on the \"Soundbombing\" and \"Lyricist Lounge\" series in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. In 1998, Sahdeeq collaborated with DJ Spinna, Mr. Complex and Apani B to form the hip-hop collective Polyrhythm Addicts, a supergroup renowned for its pivotal role in the explosion of late 90's indie hip-hop. The single \"Not Your Ordinary: gained a positive critical and commercial reception, which paved the way for their first album, \"Rhyme Related\", released in 1999, and widely regarded as a hip-hop classic. After this success, the group disbanded to focus on their individual careers. Sahdeeq's distinct voice and unique delivery catapulted him to mainstream stardom on the \"Simon Says\" Remix alongside label mate Pharoahe Monch. He is currently releasing music independently. Shabaam Sahdeeq's recent work has been receiving rave reviews in some of the biggest hip-hop publications.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Three the Hard Way (film)", "paragraph_text": "Three the Hard Way is a 1974 action blaxploitation film starring Fred Williamson, Jim Brown, and Jim Kelly, written by Eric Bercovici and Jerrold L. Ludwig and directed by Gordon Parks, Jr. The film features the three biggest black action stars of the 1970s in their first movie together. According to The New York Times, the theatrical version ran 93 minutes. A PG version distributed to television (and released on Xenon VHS tape) runs 105 minutes. The Warner DVD (\"4 Film Favorites: Urban Action\") runs 89 minutes and is missing a song (cut from the theatrical version) and some footage of boats, cars, etc.(cut from the TV version) but includes the language and nudity. The theatrical version contains scenes of three topless women, but these scenes were re-shot with them clothed for the TV version.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "I Learned the Hard Way", "paragraph_text": "I Learned the Hard Way is the fourth studio album by American soul and funk band Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings, released April 6, 2010 on Daptone Records. Production for the album took place at the label's House of Soul Studios during 2009 to 2010 and was handled by Daptone co-founder Gabriel Roth, credited for the album as \"Bosco Mann\". The album debuted at number 15 on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 23,000 copies in its first week. Upon its release, \"I Learned the Hard Way\" received generally positive reviews from most music critics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mos Def", "paragraph_text": "Yasiin Bey ( ) (born Dante Terrell Smith; December 11, 1973), best known by his stage name Mos Def ( ), is an American hip hop recording artist, actor and activist from Brooklyn, New York City, New York. Best known for his music, Mos Def embarked on his hip hop career in 1994, alongside his siblings in the short-lived rap group Urban Thermo Dynamics (UTD), after which he appeared on albums by Da Bush Babees and De La Soul. He subsequently formed the duo Black Star, alongside fellow Brooklyn-based rapper Talib Kweli, and they released their eponymous debut album in 1998. He was featured on the roster of Rawkus Records and in 1999 released his solo debut, \"Black on Both Sides\". His debut was followed by \"The New Danger\" (2004), \"True Magic\" (2006) and \"The Ecstatic\" (2009). The editors at About.com listed him as the 14th greatest emcee of all time on their \"50 greatest MC's of our time\" list.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "If Looks Could Kill (film)", "paragraph_text": "If Looks Could Kill (released in the UK as Teen Agent) is a 1991 American action comedy spy film directed by William Dear and stars Richard Grieco.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7f48e15542992e7d278ce6", "question_text": "Brad Elterman is a professional photographer who addressed the rock 'n' roll lifestyle of a band that became noted for what?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["its eclectic mix of musical styles"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rock 'n' Roll Singer", "paragraph_text": "Rock 'n' Roll Singer is the debut solo EP from Mark Kozelek. The EP was released on June 13, 2000, and was released while Kozelek's final album with his previous band Red House Painters (the 1998 album \"Old Ramon\", which didn't get a release until 2001) was in limbo with record label mergers. \"Rock 'n' Roll Singer\" contains three original tracks and four covers: \"Rock 'n' Roll Singer,\" \"You Ain't Got a Hold on Me,\" and \"Bad Boy Boogie\" originally by AC/DC, and \"Around and Around\" originally by John Denver.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Feelin' Satisfied", "paragraph_text": "\"Feelin' Satisfied\" is a 1978 song written by Tom Scholz for the Boston band album \"Don't Look Back\". Paul Grein of \"Billboard\" described the song as \"an affectionate tribute to the power of music.\" The same magazine later described the song as an \"upbeat track which is totally rock 'n' roll,\" praising the \"clear singing\" and \"fresh sounds.\" Terry Hazlett of The \"Observer-Reporter\" described the song as an \"innocent little [ditty]\" which comes across like a \"rock 'n' roll anthem.\" . AXS contributor Bill Craig describes the lyrics as being about \"the wonders of rock music.\" Pete Bishop of \"The Pittsburgh Press\" claimed that it has \"an infectious happy feel.\" \"Ultimate Classic Rock\" critic Michael Gallucci described it as a \"simple\" song that, in common with many Boston songs, \"celebrates rock 'n' roll.\" Gallucci rated it Boston's 8th greatest song, particularly praising the effect from the hand claps during the refrain. Paul Elliott rated it their 7th greatest song, commenting on its \"sense of fun\" as Scholz lets go of some of his usual control.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Rock 'n' Roll Star", "paragraph_text": "\"Rock 'n' Roll Star\" is a song by English rock band Oasis. It is the opening track from their record breaking debut album, \"Definitely Maybe\". Like the majority of the band's songs from this era, it was written by lead guitarist Noel Gallagher. Noel said that \"Rock 'n' Roll Star\" was one of only three songs in which he wanted to say something: \"I've pretty much summed up everything I wanted to say in \"Rock 'n' Roll Star\", \"Live Forever\" and \"Cigarettes & Alcohol\", after that I'm repeating myself, but in a different way\". It became a fan favourite and was often played to close the band's gigs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Just... Fabulous Rock 'n' Roll", "paragraph_text": "Just... Fabulous Rock 'n' Roll is a studio album by Cliff Richard, released 11 November 2016. The album continues the rock 'n' roll theme of his previous studio album \"The Fabulous Rock 'n' Roll Songbook\". It comprises covers of 14 classic rock 'n' roll songs and one new song \"It's Better to Dream\". It features Elvis Presley in duet with Richard in \"Blue Suede Shoes\" and Peter Frampton on guitar in \"Dimples\". The album reached number 4 on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified Gold for sales over 100,000 in the UK.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Rock 'n' Roll Lifestyle", "paragraph_text": "\"Rock 'n' Roll Lifestyle\" (also known as \"How Do You Afford Your Rock 'n' Roll Lifestyle\") is the debut single by Sacramento alternative rock band Cake. This song was first played by KWOD (now known as KUDL). It was later released on Cake's debut album, \"Motorcade of Generosity\". Only 500 copies were issued.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "World Rock'n'Roll Confederation", "paragraph_text": "World Rock 'n' Roll Confederation (WRRC) was registered in 1984, although its history traces to 1974. It is an umbrella organization for national professional and amateur Rock and Roll dancesport federations. Its statute that it \"aims at promoting the physical training of its members by means of sporting activities in the form of Rock 'n' Roll dance tournaments, including the acrobatic variations (acrobatic rock 'n' roll) as well as Rock 'n' Roll and Boogie Woogie, Lindy Hop, Formation and alternative styles in line with the rules and sporting presentations\". The registered office is in Ljubljana, Slovenia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "It's Only Rock 'n Roll", "paragraph_text": "It's Only Rock 'n Roll is the 12th British and 14th American studio album by The Rolling Stones, released in 1974. It was the last Rolling Stones album for guitarist Mick Taylor and the songwriting and recording of the album's title track had a connection to Taylor's eventual replacement, Ronnie Wood. The album also marked the 10th anniversary since the release of the band's debut album, \"The Rolling Stones\". \"It's Only Rock 'n Roll\" has a firmer rock sound than the band's previous album, the more funk - and soul - inspired \"Goats Head Soup\". \"It's Only Rock 'n Roll\" reached #1 in the US and #2 in the UK.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "I Hate Rock 'n' Roll", "paragraph_text": "\"I Hate Rock 'n' Roll\" is a song by the Scottish alternative rock group The Jesus and Mary Chain. It was the first single from the band's compilation album, \"Hate Rock 'n' Roll\". It was released together with 3 other tracks by Blanco y Negro Records in June 1995 and reached #61 in the UK single charts. This release was the last release for the band on this label. The 10\" format was numbered and limited to 5000 copies. The reworked version of the track, which was dubbed as \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" was also included on the group's last album \"Munki\", released in 1998.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Brad Elterman", "paragraph_text": "Brad Elterman is a professional photographer from Beverly Hills, California, who addressed the rock 'n' roll lifestyle in Hollywood encompassing pop, punk and rock bands that included the Faces with Rod Stewart, David Bowie, Robert Plant, Sex Pistols, the Runaways, Bebe Buell, Kiss, Queen, Blondie, the Ramones, Bay City Rollers, ABBA, Boney M, Kenny Rogers, The Who, Leif Garrett, Michael Jackson, among others. Some of the magazines, newspapers and other publications that he contributed to include \"Creem\", \"Circus\", \"Rolling Stone\", \"People\", \"Hit Parader\", \"New York Post\", \"National Enquirer\", \"New Musical Express\", and \"Melody Maker\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Blondie (band)", "paragraph_text": "Blondie is an American rock band founded by singer Debbie Harry and guitarist Chris Stein. The band was a pioneer in the early American new wave and punk scenes of the mid-late 1970s. Its first two albums contained strong elements of these genres, and although successful in the United Kingdom and Australia, Blondie was regarded as an underground band in the United States until the release of \"Parallel Lines\" in 1978. Over the next three years, the band achieved several hit singles including \"Call Me\", \"Rapture\" and \"Heart of Glass\" and became noted for its eclectic mix of musical styles incorporating elements of disco, pop, reggae, and early rap music.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7b89a3554299294a54a9e3", "question_text": "A Big Daddy is a fictional character in a series that has sold more than how many copies? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["25 million copies"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Big Daddy (BioShock)", "paragraph_text": "A Big Daddy is a fictional character in the \"BioShock\" series of video games. Big Daddies are heavily spliced (genetically mutated and altered with ADAM) human beings who have had their bodies directly grafted into heavily armored, steampunk-inspired atmospheric diving suits. They are armed with a rivet gun, heavy drill, rocket launcher, or ion laser. Alpha series Big Daddies are equipped with any of several other weapons as well. Though they make low-pitched groaning noises similar to whales, Big Daddies have no voice actor attributed to them. Designed by Irrational Games (then under the supervision of 2K Boston/2K Australia), they first appeared in \"BioShock\" and were promoted heavily. A six-inch Big Daddy action figure was included in the limited edition version of the title. In its sequel, \"BioShock 2\", the player controls a prototype Big Daddy.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Sega All Stars", "paragraph_text": "Sega All Stars was Sega's budget series for the Dreamcast, similar to Platinum Hits, Greatest Hits, and Player's Choice, for games that have sold many copies. When a title became a Sega All Stars title, it was sold at a lower price ($19.95) and given reprinted labeling. Sega All Stars was exclusive to North America, game covers were given an orange bar (as opposed to Europe's blue color scheme) with the brand name written from top to bottom. The disc labels were also changed to include a small circle and the Sega All Stars brand printed inside of it. 17 titles were made into Sega All Stars titles. Also, in printing, original releases said \"Sega Dreamcast\" on the disc but the All-stars versions just simply said \"Dreamcast\" to match up games released with the black label like \"D2\", \"Jet Set Radio\", \"Sega GT\", and \"Sonic Adventure 2\". Original Dreamcast games were released in the white labels and said \"Sega Dreamcast\" on the inlay like the Sega All-stars labels.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hit-Girl", "paragraph_text": "Hit-Girl (Mindy McCready (comic) or Macready (film)) is a fictional character appearing in the \"Kick-Ass\" series, published by Marvel Comics under the company's imprint Icon Comics. The character was created by artist John Romita, Jr. and writer Mark Millar. She is a young but effective vigilante, trained by her father Damon McCready (a.k.a. Big Daddy) from an early age to be a costumed superhero and assassin. In \"Kick-Ass\", she is introduced as a supporting character. She featured in her own self-titled comic book series, \"Hit-Girl\", which was first published on 27 June 2012. She is portrayed by Chlo\u00eb Grace Moretz in the feature film adaptations \"Kick-Ass\" and \"Kick Ass 2\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Afro Samurai: The Album", "paragraph_text": "Afro Samurai OST is the soundtrack of the television series \"Afro Samurai\". The album was produced by RZA of the Wu Tang Clan, and features big names such as Big Daddy Kane, Talib Kweli, Q-Tip, and GZA. Featuring the historic collaboration between Big Daddy Kane & GZA\u00a0\u2013 \"Cameo Afro,\" this album received great and positive reviews from many websites and magazines.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Big Daddy Kane", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Hardy (born September 10, 1968), better known by his stage name Big Daddy Kane, is a Grammy Award-winning American rapper and actor who started his career in 1986 as a member of the rap collective the Juice Crew. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential and skilled MCs in hip hop. The name Big Daddy Kane came from a variation on Caine, David Carradine's character from TV show Kung Fu and a character called \"Big Daddy\" Vincent Price played in the film \"Beach Party\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Suanfa tongzong", "paragraph_text": "Suanfa tongzong (General Source of Computational Methods) is a mathematical text written by sixteenth century Chinese mathematician Cheng Dawei (1533\u20131606) and published in the year 1592. The book contains 595 problems divided into 17 chapters. The book is essentially general arithmetic for the abacus. The book was the main source available to scholars concerning mathematics as it developed in China\u2019s tradition. Six years after the publication of Suanfa Tongzong, Cheng Dawei published another book titled \"Suanfa Zuanyao\" (\"A Compendium of calculating Methods\"). About 90% of the content of the new book came from the contents of four chapters of the first book with some rearrangement. It is said that when Suanfa Tongzong was first published, it sold so many copies that the cost of paper went up and the lucrative sales resulted in unscrupulous people beginning to print pirated copies of the book with many errors. it was this that forced the author to print an abridged version.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "BioShock (series)", "paragraph_text": "BioShock is a first-person shooter video game series developed by Irrational Games\u2014the first under the name 2K Boston/2K Australia\u2014and designed by Ken Levine. The first game in the series was released for the Windows operating system and Xbox 360 video game console on August 21, 2007 in North America, and three days later (August 24) in Europe and Australia. A PlayStation 3 version of the game, which was developed by 2K Marin, was released internationally on October 17, 2008 and in North America on October 21, 2008 with some additional features. The game was also released for the Mac OS X operating system on October 7, 2009. A version of the game for mobile platforms has also been developed by IG Fun. A sequel, \"BioShock 2\", was released on February 9, 2010. On August 12, 2010, Irrational Games unveiled a trailer for a new game titled \"BioShock Infinite\", released on March 26, 2013. With the release of \"BioShock Infinite\" selling over 11 million copies as of May 2015, the three games combined have more than 25 million copies sold.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Soul Supreme", "paragraph_text": "Soul Supreme (real name David \u00c5str\u00f6m), born 1983, is a hip hop producer from Sweden. He has worked with the likes of KRS-One, Pete Rock and Big Daddy Kane. In 2003 he released his debut and self-produced album \u201cThe Saturday Night Agenda\u201d under the name Soul Supreme on the Boston based label Grit Records. The album featured KRS-One, Big Daddy Kane, Pete Rock, O.C. and many more. Later the same year he produced the entire mixtape \"Soulmatic\", a remixed version of Nas classic album \"Stillmatic\", which was released through hiphopsite.com. In 2004 he continued with another remix mixtape; Soul & Sense containing remixes on early Common material when Common still called himself Common Sense. This was in 2005 released on Nocturne as a CD entitled \u201cUncommonly Nasty: Remixed By Soul Supreme & Statik Selektah\u201d. In 2006 he made URB Magazine\u2019s list of the next 100 producers His production borrows heavily from, often pitched-up, soul samples; hence the name. He is signed to JuJu Publishing. Soul Supreme also makes more electro themed music (his own name of this style is rapclash) under the name Kocky. In 2007, Soul Supreme released an electro-house album called \"Kingdome Come\" under his alias Kocky. The album was released by La Vida Locash and features guest appearances by Timbuktu, Chords, Mapei, and Jens Lekman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Burning Red", "paragraph_text": "The Burning Red is the third album by the American groove metal band Machine Head. It is the band's second best selling album in the US, selling as many copies in three years as \"Burn My Eyes\" sold in almost eight years (1994\u20132002) . The album has sold over 134,000 copies in the US and it was certified silver in 2011 by the BPI for sales of 60,000 in the UK.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Saturday Show (ITV TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The Saturday Show is Birmingham-based Central Television's flagship Saturday morning kids TV show which replaced their previous show Tiswas. It ran on ITV for two series between 1982 and 1984. It was originally planned that popular wrestler Big Daddy would host and that it would be called \"Big Daddy's Saturday Show\". A pilot show was recorded with Big Daddy presenting, assisted by Isla St Clair and short films were shot with Big Daddy to insert in the upcoming series; a trailer for \"Big Daddy's Saturday Show\", complete with logo was shown on ITV the Saturday morning before the show was due to air. It was then announced during the week that Big Daddy was dropping out and that Isla St Clair would now take the lead, with ex-Magpie host Tommy Boyd assisting and with Jeremy Beadle being used as an occasional \"stand in\" host. The actor David Rappaport was also a fixture playing the character \"Shades\", as was football legend Jimmy Greaves.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7a030c5542996a35c17077", "question_text": "J.B. Scotts located on this 11 mile stretch in Albany New York and is also known by this name in Schenectady County?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["State Street"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "J.B. Scott's", "paragraph_text": "J.B. Scott's was a nightclub located on Central Avenue in Albany, New York. Its capacity was approximately 700. It was open from 1979 to 1982 when it burned down. Its performers included U2, John Mellencamp, Bryan Adams, Thin Lizzy, Pat Benatar and Iggy Pop. In 1985 club owner Douglas Jacobs opened another nightclub in Albany named J.B.'s Theatre.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Don Rittner", "paragraph_text": "Don Rittner is an American historian, archeologist, environmental activist, educator, and author living in the Capital District, Schenectady County, New York. He is the former Schenectady County Historian, responsible for providing guidance and support to municipal historians and serving as a conduit between the State Historian in Albany and the local historians in their counties. He is also the former Schenectady City Historian and was the Albany City Archeologist (1973-79). He is the author of more than 35 books on history, natural history, computers, and other subjects, and has been collected by libraries worldwide.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "New York Buzz", "paragraph_text": "The New York Buzz was a professional tennis team competing in World TeamTennis (WTT). The team was originally based in Schenectady, New York from 1995 to 2007, before moving to Albany, New York in 2008, and Guilderland, New York in 2009. The team was founded as the New York OTBzz in 1995, before changing its name to the Schenectady County Electrics in 1999, and finally adopting the name New York Buzz in 2001. In 2008, the team won its third Eastern Conference Championship and went on to defeat the Kansas City Explorers to capture its first and only King Trophy in its fourth appearance in the WTT Final.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "School of Alternatives", "paragraph_text": "The School Of Alternatives, also known as The HUB, is an alternative school in Jackson County, North Carolina for grades K\u201312 which deals with students who are disabled or have social/behavioral issues in the other county schools. It opened in the old Scotts Creek School, built in 1951, in 2002 after the new Scotts Creek Elementary School opened in 2001. The building received several renovations when it was converted into the HUB. It is the oldest school building still in use as a school in the county. It is located on old US 19/23 in the Addie Community and the playgrounds border Scotts Creek. When it opened it was a state-of-the-art facility, and didn't require blinds because the building was positioned at such an angle that the sun would always be overhead and would never directly shine into the classrooms windows. The building has two floors on the backside and one floor on the front. A small addition was added to the middle section of the school in the 1970s or 1980s. The Gym/Auditorium is small by modern standards, as the sideline was the wall. The new school that replaced Scotts Creek has a separate Gym and Auditorium, both of which are relatively large when compared to the old Gym/Auditorium. The HUB also takes in many High School students who either get in fights or have alcohol/drug problems.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Schenectady County Historical Society", "paragraph_text": "The Schenectady County Historical Society, located in Schenectady, New York, was established on July 14, 1905, under the Membership Corporation Laws of the State of New York. The Society is an independent not-for-profit corporation, not a unit of government. Its stated mission as embodied in its constitution was, and remains, \u201cto promote and encourage original historical research; to disseminate a greater knowledge of the history of the State of New York and particularly of Schenectady County; to gather, preserve, display, and make available for study artifacts, books, manuscripts, papers, photographs and other records and materials relating to the early and current history of Schenectady County, New York and of the surrounding area; to encourage the suitable marking of places of historic interest; to acquire by purchase, gifts, devise, or otherwise the title to or the custody and control of historic sites and structures.\u201d", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Schenectady, New York", "paragraph_text": "Schenectady ( ) is a city in Schenectady County, New York, United States, of which it is the county seat. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 66,135. The name \"Schenectady\" is derived from a Mohawk word \"skahn\u00e9htati\" meaning \"beyond the pines\". The city was founded on the south side of the Mohawk River by Dutch colonists in the 17th century, many from the Albany area. They were prohibited from the fur trade by the Albany monopoly, which kept its control after the English takeover in 1664. Residents of the new village developed farms on strip plots along the river.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Schenectady County, New York", "paragraph_text": "Schenectady County ( ) is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 154,727. The county seat is Schenectady. The name is from a Mohawk language word meaning \"on the other side of the pine lands,\" a term that originally applied to Albany.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "New York State Route 160", "paragraph_text": "New York State Route\u00a0160 (NY\u00a0160) is a north\u2013south state highway mostly located within Schenectady County, New York, in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY\u00a0159 in the Duanesburg hamlet of Mariaville Lake. Its northern terminus is at a junction with NY\u00a05S in the Rotterdam hamlet of Pattersonville. While its termini are both in Schenectady County, it briefly passes into Montgomery County near its midpoint.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Schenectady County Airport", "paragraph_text": "Schenectady County Airport (IATA: SCH,\u00a0ICAO: KSCH,\u00a0FAA LID: SCH) is a county owned, public use airport located three\u00a0nautical miles (6\u00a0km) north of the central business district of Schenectady, a city in Schenectady County, New York, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011\u20132015, which categorized it as a \"reliever airport\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Central Avenue (Albany, New York)", "paragraph_text": "Central Avenue, in Albany, New York, is an 11-mile (5\u00a0km) stretch in Albany County, of the 16-mile Albany-Schenectady Turnpike, which runs from Lark Street in the city of Albany, westward through the towns of Colonie, New York and Niskayuna, New York, to the city of Schenectady, New York. In the city of Albany it is called Central Avenue, in Colonie it is known as Central Avenue or Albany Schenectady Road, and in Schenectady County (Niskayuna and Schenectady) it is called State Street. The entire route is also called Route 5.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adde16a5542997dc7907084", "question_text": "Which bay in the Irish Sea is located Wales's first offshore wind farm?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Liverpool Bay"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm", "paragraph_text": "The Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm is a 348 MW offshore wind farm located on the Burbo Flats in Liverpool Bay on the west coast of the UK in the Irish Sea. It consists of an original 90 MW wind farm commissioned in 2007 and a 258 MW extension completed in 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Arklow Bank Wind Park", "paragraph_text": "Arklow Bank Wind Park is a 25\u00a0megawatt offshore wind farm generating electrical power for the Wicklow region in Ireland. It is the first offshore wind farm in Ireland, and the world's first erection of wind turbines rated over 3 MW.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Walney Wind Farm", "paragraph_text": "Walney Wind Farm is an offshore wind farm 14\u00a0km west of Walney Island off the coast of Cumbria, in the Irish Sea, England. It has a capacity of 367\u00a0MW, which makes it one of the world's largest offshore wind farms. The wind farm was developed by Walney (UK) Offshore Windfarms Limited, a partnership between DONG Energy and Scottish and Southern Energy. The farm is immediately north west of the West of Duddon Sands Wind Farm and also to the west of Ormonde Wind Farm. The farm is in water depths ranging from 19m to 23m and covers an area of approximately 73\u00a0km.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Liverpool Bay", "paragraph_text": "Liverpool Bay is a bay of the Irish Sea between northeast Wales, Cheshire, Lancashire and Merseyside to the east of the Irish Sea. The bay is a classic example of a region of freshwater influence. Liverpool Bay has historically suffered from reduced oxygen content from prior massive discharges of sewage sludge, according to C.Michael Hogan.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm", "paragraph_text": "Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm was the first offshore wind farm in the world, made in 1991.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "List of offshore wind farms in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Offshore wind power is in the early stages of development in the United States. In 2016, the first offshore wind farm started operation at Block Island Wind Farm off the coast of Rhode Island. Other projects are under development in wind-rich areas of the East Coast, Great Lakes, and Pacific coast. In January 2012, a \"Smart for the Start\" regulatory approach was introduced, designed to expedite the siting process while incorporating strong environmental protections. Specifically, the Department of Interior approved \u201cwind energy areas\u201d off the coast where projects can move through the regulatory approval process more quickly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Anholt Offshore Wind Farm", "paragraph_text": "Anholt Offshore Wind Farm is a Danish offshore wind power wind farm in the Kattegat, between Djursland and Anholt island. With a nameplate capacity of 400\u00a0megawatts (MW), it is the third largest offshore wind farm in the world (along with BARD Offshore 1) and the largest in Denmark. A cable from the wind farm to Anholt replaces most of the diesel-powered electricity on the island.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Thanet Wind Farm", "paragraph_text": "The Thanet Wind Farm (also sometimes called Thanet Offshore Wind Farm) is an offshore wind farm 7 mi off the coast of Thanet district in Kent, England. On commisioning it was the world's largest offshore wind farm. It has a nameplate capacity (maximum output) of 300\u00a0MW and it cost \u00a3780\u2013900\u00a0million (US$1.2\u20131.4\u00a0billion). Thanet is one of fifteen Round\u00a02 wind projects announced by the Crown Estate in January 2004 but the first to be developed. It was officially opened on 23\u00a0September 2010, when it overtook Horns Rev 2 as the biggest offshore wind farm in the world. It has since been overtaken by many others (medio 2017 it ranks 14th).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Rhyl Flats", "paragraph_text": "Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm is a 25 turbine wind farm approximately 8\u00a0km north east of Llandudno in North Wales. It is Wales' second offshore wind farm and the third offshore wind farm to be built within Liverpool Bay. It has a maximum rated output of 90\u00a0MW.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm", "paragraph_text": "North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm is Wales' first offshore wind farm, and the UK's first major offshore renewable power project. Situated in Liverpool Bay, it commenced operation in 2003.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a87bd4e5542996432c57279", "question_text": "Who does the minister at The First Church of Springfield help make teaching evolution illegal?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Ned Flanders"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "TPR Storytelling", "paragraph_text": "TPR Storytelling (Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling or TPRS) is a method of teaching foreign languages. TPRS lessons use a mixture of reading and storytelling to help students learn a foreign language in a classroom setting. The method works in three steps: in step one the new vocabulary structures to be learned are taught using a combination of translation, gestures, and personalized questions; in step two those structures are used in a spoken class story; and finally, in step three, these same structures are used in a class reading. Throughout these three steps, the teacher will use a number of techniques to help make the target language comprehensible to the students, including careful limiting of vocabulary, constant asking of easy comprehension questions, frequent comprehension checks, and very short grammar explanations known as \"pop-up grammar\". Many teachers also assign additional reading activities such as free voluntary reading, and there have been several easy novels written by TPRS teachers for this purpose.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Monkey Suit", "paragraph_text": "\"The Monkey Suit\" is the twenty-first episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 14, 2006. In the episode, Ned Flanders is shocked after seeing a new display at the museum about evolution. Together with Reverend Lovejoy, he spreads the religious belief of creationism in Springfield, and at a later town meeting, teaching evolution is made illegal. As a result, Lisa decides to hold secret classes for people interested in evolution. However, she is quickly arrested and a trial against her is initiated.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "First Church of Christ, Scientist (Seattle)", "paragraph_text": "First Church of Christ, Scientist Building is an historic Christian Science church located at 1519 East Denny Way / 1841 16th Avenue on the corner of East Denny Way and 16th Avenue in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. Designed in the Classical Revival style, it was built of Bedford limestone between 1906 and 1909. Established in August 1896, First Church first held services in various rented buildings or halls until building its first church building on the corner of 6th Avenue and Marion Street. This was completed in time for its first service on Easter Sunday, April 7, 1901. This was soon outgrown and in November 1906 a contract was signed to purchase the Denny Way property. In August 1908, services began in a temporary wooden structure that was built on the completed foundation of the new church. On January 17, 1977 the building was declared a City of Seattle historic landmark. In 2006 the congregation made the decision to move to the South Lake Union neighborhood to be in a more active urban location. The building on East Denny Way was sold to a developer who has since converted it into townhouse project called The Sanctuary. First Church of Christ, Scientist, Seattle, now holds services at 900 Thomas Street and is still an active branch of the Christian Science Mother Church.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Old Donation Episcopal Church", "paragraph_text": "Old Donation Church is the third Lynnhaven Parish Church and is the oldest Episcopal Church in Virginia Beach. Records show that the parish\u2019s first church services were held in 1637 in the home of Adam Thoroughgood. The first church building was constructed on Mr. Thoroughgood\u2019s land in 1639 on the location later known as \"Church Point.\" The vestry, or governing body of the church, was established in 1640.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Loan modification in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Loan modification is the systematic alteration of mortgage loan agreements that help those having problems making the payments by reducing interest rates, monthly payments or principal balances. Lending institutions could make one or more of these changes to relieve financial pressure on borrowers to prevent the condition of foreclosure. Loan modifications have been practiced in the United States since The 2008 Crash Of The Housing Market from Washington Mutual, Chase Home Finance, Chase, JP Morgan & Chase, other contributors like MER's. Crimes of Mortgage ad Real Estate Staff had long assisted nd finally the squeaky will could not continue as their deviant practices broke the state and crashed. Modification owners either ordered by The United States Department of Housing, The United States IRS or President Obamas letters from Note Holders came to those various departments asking for the Democratic process to help them keep their homes and protection them from explosion. Thus the birth of Modifications. It is yet to date for clarity how theses enforcements came into existence and except b whom, but t is certain that note holders form the Midwest reached out in the Democratic Process for assistance. FBI Mortgage Fraud Department came into existence. Modifications HMAP HARP were also birthed to help note holders get Justice through reduced mortgage by making terms legal. Modification of mortgage terms was introduced by IRS staff addressing the crisis called the HAMP TEAMS that went across the United States desiring the new products to assist homeowners that were victims of predatory lending practices, unethical staff, brokers, attorneys and lenders that contributed to the crash. Modification were a fix to the crash as litigation has ensued as the lenders reorganized and renamed the lending institutions and government agencies are to closely monitor them. Prior to modifications loan holders that experiences crisis would use Loan assumptions and Loan transfers to keep the note in the 1930s. During the Great Depression, loan transfers, loan assumption, and loan bail out programs took place at the state level in an effort to reduce levels of loan foreclosures while the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal Trade Commission, Comptroller, the United States Government and State Government responded to lending institution violations of law in these arenas by setting public court records that are legal precedence of such illegal actions. The legal precedents and reporting agencies were created to address the violations of laws to consumers while the Modifications were created to assist the consumers that are victims of predatory lending practices. During the so-called \"Great Recession\" of the early 21st century, loan modification became a matter of national policy, with various actions taken to alter mortgage loan terms to prevent further economic destabilization. Due to absorbent personal profits nothing has been done to educate Homeowners or Creditors that this money from equity, escrow is truly theirs the Loan Note Holder and it is their monetary rights as the real prize and reason for the Housing Crash was the profit n obtaining the mortgage holders Escrow. The Escrow and Equity that is accursed form the Note Holders payments various staff through the United States claimed as recorded and cashed by all staff in real-estate from local residential Tax Assessing Staff, Real Estate Staff, Ordinance Staff, Police Staff, Brokers, attorneys, lending institutional staff but typically Attorneys who are also typically the owners or Rental properties that are trained through Bankruptcies'. that collect the Escrow that is rightfully the Homeowners but because most Homeowners are unaware of what money is due them and how they can loose their escrow. Most Creditors are unaware that as the note holder that the Note Holder are due a annual or semi annual equity check and again bank or other lending and or legal intuitions staff claim this monies instead. This money Note Holders were unaware of is the prize of real estate and the cause of the Real Estate Crash of 2008 where Lending Institutions provided mortgages to people years prior they know they would eventually loose with Loan holders purchasing Balloon Mortgages lending product that is designed to make fast money off the note holder whom is always typically unaware of their escrow, equity and that are further victimized by conferences and books on HOW TO MAKE MONEY IN REAL STATE - when in fact the money is the Note Holder. The key of the crash was not the House, but the loan product used and the interest and money that was accrued form the note holders that staff too immorally. The immoral and illegal actions of predatory lending station and their staff began with the inception of balloon mortgages although illegal activity has always existed in the arena, yet the crash created \"Watch Dog\" like HAMP TEAM, IRS, COMPTROLLER< Federal Trade Commission Consumer Protection Bureau, FBI, CIA, Local Police Department, ICE ( The FBI online Computer crime division receives and investigates computer crimes that record keeping staff from title companies, lending institutional staff, legal staff and others created fraudulent documents to change payments and billing of note holders to obtain the money note holders are typically unaware of) and other watch dog agencies came into existence to examine if houses were purchased through a processed check at Government Debited office as many obtained free homes illegally. Many were incarcerated for such illegal actions. Modifications fixed the Notes to proper lower interest, escrow, tax fees that staff typically raised for no reason. Many people from various arenas involved in reals estate have been incarcerated for these actions as well as other illegal actions like charging for a modification. Additionally Modifications were also made to address the falsifications such as inappropriate mortgage charges, filing of fraudulently deeds, reporting of and at times filing of fraudulent mortgages that were already paid off that were fraudulently continued by lenders staff and attorneys or brokers or anyone in the Real Estate Chain through the issues of real estate terms to continue to violate United States Laws, contract law and legal precedence where collusion was often done again to defraud and steal from the Note Holder was such a common practice that was evidence as to why the Mortgage Crash in 2008 occurred for the purpose of wining the prize of stealing form Homeowners and those that foreclosed was actually often purposefully for these monies note holders were unaware of to be obtained which was why Balloon mortgages and loans were given to the staff in the Real Estate Market with the hoper and the expectation that the loan holders would default as it offered opportunity to commit illegal transactions of obtaining the homeowners funds. While such scams were addressed through modifications in 2008. The Market relied heavily on Consumers ignorance to prosper, ignorance of real estate terms, ignorance on what they were to be charged properly for unethical financial gain and while staff in real estates lending arenas mingled terms to deceive y deliberate confusion consumers out of cash and homes while the USA Government provided Justice through President Obamas Inception and IRS Inception of Modifications which addressed these unethical profits in Reals Estate. It was in 2009 that HARP, HAMP and Modifications were introduced to stop the victimization of Note Holders. Taking on the Banks that ran USA Government was a great and dangerous undertaking that made America Great Again as Justice for Consumers reigned. Legal action taken against institutions that have such business practices can be viewed in State Code of Law and Federal Law on precedent cases that are available to the public. Finally, It had been unlawful to be charged by an attorney to modify as well as fro banking staff to modify terms to increase a mortgage and or change lending product to a balloon in an concerted effort to make homeowner foreclose which is also illegal, computer fraud and not the governments intended purpose or definition of a modification.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Reverend Lovejoy", "paragraph_text": "Reverend Timothy \"Tim\" Lovejoy is a recurring character in the animated television series \"The Simpsons\". He is voiced by Harry Shearer, and first appeared in the episode \"The Telltale Head\". Lovejoy is the minister at The First Church of Springfield\u2014the Protestant church in Springfield. Initially kind-hearted and ambitious, Lovejoy has become apathetic towards others because of Ned Flanders's constant asinine scrupulosity.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "First Church (Demotte, Indiana)", "paragraph_text": "First Church is a member church of the Reformed Church in America (RCA) and was one of the first churches in Jasper County, Indiana. It holds two worship services  on Sunday mornings. Its full name is \"First Reformed Church of DeMotte,\" but goes by the shortened name First Church. In May 2016 First Church changed locations to Wheatfield, IN.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Wright v. Houston Independent School District", "paragraph_text": "Wright v. Houston Independent School District was a 1972 American legal case brought by a parent of a student in the Houston Independent School District in Houston, Texas suing on behalf of her daughter and fellow students to prevent the district from teaching evolution as fact and without reference to alternative theories. The plaintiffs claimed evolutionary theory endorsed a secularist religious view, and argued the school's failure to incorporate the teaching of a particular religious alternative to evolutionary theory as derived from the Bible's creation account held that religious view up to ridicule and contempt. To allow evolution while avoiding creationism was unconstitutional, the suit claimed, because it advanced one particular sectarian view over another. The plaintiffs maintained that the school's evolutionary teaching constituted \"the establishment of a sectarian, atheistic religion\" and was an interference of their own rights to the free exercise of religion as guaranteed by the Establishment clause in the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. The case is one of a series of legal battles over the teaching of evolution in American public schools, and the first to be initiated by opponents of such teaching.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "First Church, Sandwich Massachusetts", "paragraph_text": "First Church UCC (or \u201cFirst Church,\u201d or \u201cFirst Church Sandwich,\u201d or \u201cFirst Church of Christ\u201d) is a Congregational church in Sandwich Massachusetts founded in 1638 under Plymouth Colony Charter and the Mayflower Compact. It is either the oldest church on Cape Cod or the second oldest depending on the interpretation. First Church boasts Mayflower Pilgrims and their first-generation descendants as charter members. By Plymouth Colony Charter, a church was required as an official part of the governance of any newly founded township, and First Church was founded as the official church within the town of Sandwich. First Church is now a congregation of the United Church of Christ, a large theologically and socially liberal denomination. The Church is Open and Affirming \u2013 an appellation signifying both openness to and active affirmation of all persons regardless of status (and including LGBTQI persons). First Church is well known to tourists because of the inclusion of its current steeple on the cover of Elvis Presley's \"How Great Thou Art\" Gospel Album .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "First Church", "paragraph_text": "First Church, Old First Church, or First Church Parsonage may refer to:", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a80707e5542992bc0c4a70e", "question_text": "The actress who played Laurie Keller in the episode \"Pilot\" of the show Cougartown won what award in 2011?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Shanna Collins", "paragraph_text": "Shanna Dophalene Collins (born June 10, 1983) is an American actress. She played Amber, the best friend of Dani Davis (Nicole Tubiola), on the first season of the ABC Family original series \"Wildfire\". She also played Laurie Miller on the CBS series \"Swingtown\". Shanna graduated from Highland Park High School in University Park, Texas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Laurie Keller", "paragraph_text": "Laurie Keller is an American children's writer and illustrator. She has written and illustrated books for Henry Holt & Co. Books for Young Readers, and produced illustrations for others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "House (season 8)", "paragraph_text": "The eighth and final season of \"House\" was ordered on May 10, 2011. It premiered on October 3, 2011. It was the only season not to feature Lisa Edelstein as Dr. Lisa Cuddy. Olivia Wilde (Dr. Remy \"Thirteen\" Hadley) also left the show after the third episode in order to further her film career, although she returned at the end of the series. On January 8, 2012, Kevin Reilly (Fox President of Entertainment) stated that Fox had been \"avoiding\" a decision on the fate of the series, as it was \"hard to imagine the network without \"House\"\" and that the decision on the future of the series would be a \"close call\". Hugh Laurie's contract on \"House\" expired once the eighth season was over, and Laurie confirmed that once \"House\" was over, he would be moving on to strictly film roles. On February 8, 2012, in a joint statement issued by Fox and executive producers David Shore, Katie Jacobs, and Hugh Laurie, it was revealed that the season would be the last for \"House\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Television pilot", "paragraph_text": "A television pilot (also known as a pilot or a pilot episode and sometimes marketed as a tele-movie) is a standalone episode of a television series that is used to sell the show to a television network. At the time of its creation, the pilot is meant to be the testing ground to gauge whether a series will be successful, and is therefore a test episode of an intended television series. It is an early step in the development of a television series, much like pilot studies serve as precursors to the start of larger activity. In the case of a successful television series, the pilot is commonly the very first episode that is aired of the particular series under its own name. A \"back door pilot\", is an episode of an existing successful series, that features future tie-in characters of an up-and-coming television series or film. The purpose of the \"back door pilot\" is to introduce the characters to an audience before the creators decide on whether they want to pursue a spin-off series with those characters or not.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Pilot (Cougar Town)", "paragraph_text": "\"Pilot\" is the pilot episode of the American television sitcom \"Cougar Town\", which premiered on ABC on September 23, 2009. The episode was directed by series creator Bill Lawrence, and written by Lawrence and Kevin Biegel. The pilot introduces seven main cast members: Jules Cobb (Courteney Cox) as a 40-year-old mother who\u2019s newly single; Ellie Torres (Christa Miller), Jules' next door neighbor and best friend; Laurie Keller (Busy Philipps), Jules' younger employee; Bobby Cobb (Brian Van Holt), Jules' unemployed ex-husband; Travis Cobb (Dan Byrd), Jules' 17-year-old son; Andy Torres (Ian Gomez), Ellie's husband; and Grayson Ellis (Josh Hopkins), Jules' newly divorced neighbor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Conan the Adventurer (1997 TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Conan The Adventurer is a weekly one hour American television live action-adventure series. It was produced by Max A. Keller and Micheline Keller from 1997 to 1998 and loosely based on the fantasy hero Conan the Barbarian. The TV show premiered on September 22, 1997. It comprised 22 episodes and was filmed mainly in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. The series has reached many countries of the world, more than 150. Keller Entertainment Group, the same production company responsible for the series \"\" and \"Acapulco H.E.A.T.\", continues to market and distribute the series worldwide and the series has longevity among international broadcasters and DVD aggregators. The role of Conan was played by Ralf Moeller (AKA Rolf Muller), two time Mr. Universe, a native of Germany, and friend to Arnold Schwarzenegger. The rest of the ensemble cast included Danny Woodburn (Otli), Robert McRay (Zzeben), T.J. Storm (Bayu), Aly Dunne (Karella), and briefly, Andrew Craig (Vulkar). The script for the 2 hour pilot was written by Steve Hayes, the head of Project Development for the series. The show was not promoted to be \"authentic Conan\", but rather a mixture of Arnold Schwarzenegger's and John Milius' interpretation of Conan. Indeed, the storyline deviated from the essence of the Conan character, as well as that of the Conan earlier depicted in the various Conan comic book series by Marvel Comics, because the adaptation was too peaceful and childish.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Busy Philipps", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Jean \"Busy\" Philipps (born June 25, 1979) is an American actress, known for her supporting roles on the television series \"Freaks and Geeks\" and \"Dawson's Creek\". She has also performed significant roles in films like \"The Smokers\" (2000), as Karen Carter, the drama film \"Home Room\" (2002) as Alicia Browning, she appeared in \"White Chicks\" (2004), played a supporting role in \"Made of Honor\" (2008) and appeared in \"He's Just Not That Into You\" (2009). She played Laurie Keller in the TV series \"Cougar Town\" for which she won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2011.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jennifer Keller", "paragraph_text": "Dr. Jennifer Keller is a fictional character from the Canadian-American military science fiction series \"Stargate Atlantis\", a spin-off series to \"Stargate SG-1\". She is played by Canadian actress Jewel Staite, who previously played the Wraith Ellia in season two episode \"Instinct\". She was created by the producers, who wanted someone to fill in for Carson Beckett after Paul McGillion's departure from regular status in the series. Keller had a recurring role in the fourth season, and was later promoted to a regular in Season 5.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Zosia March", "paragraph_text": "Zosia March (also Valentine) is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama \"Holby City\", played by actress Camilla Arfwedson. She first appeared in the series fifteen episode \"The Kick Inside\", broadcast on 10 September 2013. Zosia arrives at Holby City hospital to start her first year of the Foundation Programme. Zosia has vested interest in psychiatry and has worked on both Darwin and Keller wards mentored by Elliot Hope (Paul Bradley) and Sacha Levy (Bob Barrett) respectively. She is characterised as a forthright, intelligent and unafraid to challenge the hospital hierarchy. The show soon introduced Zosia's estranged father, Guy Self (John Michie). They share a dysfunctional relationship following the death of her mother. Their feud jeopardises Zosia's career and on one occasion she is thrown off Keller following a rude confrontation. Other storylines revolve around close colleagues Arthur Digby (Rob Ostlere) and Dominic Copeland (David Ames) and romances with Sebastian Coulter (Hadley Fraser) and Oliver Valentine (James Anderson), whom she later married.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Crystal Cube", "paragraph_text": "The Crystal Cube was a mockumentary television pilot written by and starring Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, broadcast on 7 July 1983 on BBC2 at 22:10. The pilot was one of Fry and Laurie's first television appearances and the first show they had written themselves. However, the BBC chose not to take it to a full series, and Fry and Laurie did not get a chance to make their own programme for the BBC until 1989, when they produced their first full series of the more conventional sketch show \"A Bit of Fry and Laurie\", after a pilot in 1987.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8d93bf554299068b959d46", "question_text": "Are both Yangzhou and Jiangyan District considered coastal cities?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Yangzhou Taizhou International Airport", "paragraph_text": "Yangzhou Taizhou International Airport (IATA: YTY,\u00a0ICAO: ZSYA) , often abbreviated to Yangtai Airport, is an airport serving the cities of Yangzhou and Taizhou in China's Jiangsu Province. It is located in the town of Dinggou in Jiangdu District, Yangzhou, 30 kilometers from the center of Yangzhou and 20 kilometers from Taizhou. Another major city, Zhenjiang, is also nearby across the Yangtze River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Yangzhou", "paragraph_text": "Yangzhou, formerly romanized as Yangchow, is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province, China. Sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze, it borders the provincial capital Nanjing to the southwest, Huai'an to the north, Yancheng to the northeast, Taizhou to the east, and Zhenjiang across the river to the south. Its population was 4,414,681 at the 2010 census and its urban area is home to 2,146,980 inhabitants, including three urban districts, currently in the agglomeration.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Kingdom of Croatia (925\u20131102)", "paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Croatia (Latin: \"Regnum Croatiae\" ; Croatian: \"Kraljevina Hrvatska, Hrvatsko Kraljevstvo\" ) was a medieval kingdom in Central Europe comprising most of what is today Croatia (without most of Istria and some Dalmatian coastal cities), as well as most of the modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Kingdom existed as a sovereign state for nearly two centuries. Its existence was characterized by various conflicts and periods of peace or alliance with the Bulgarians, Byzantines, Hungarians, and competition with Venice for control over the eastern Adriatic coast. The goal of promoting the Slavic language in the religious service was initially brought and introduced by the 10th century bishop Gregory of Nin, which resulted in a conflict with the Pope, later to be put down by him. In the second half of the 11th century Croatia managed to secure most coastal cities of Dalmatia with the collapse of Byzantine control over them. During this time the kingdom reached its peak under the rule of kings Peter Kre\u0161imir IV (1058-1074) and Demetrius Zvonimir (1075-1089).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Shengao", "paragraph_text": "Shengao () is a town in Jiangyan District, Taizhou, south-central Jiangsu province, China. It is called the \"hometown of fish and rice\" because of the high quality of the fish and rice production in the town. It is among the first of the opening cities designated by the State Council of China.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "List of United States cities by area", "paragraph_text": "This list ranks U. S. cities by land area. Total areas including water are also given, but note that, when ranked by total area, a number of coastal cities appear disproportionately larger. San Francisco is an extreme example: water makes up nearly 80% of its total area of 232 square miles (601\u00a0km\u00b2). Note also that in many cases a city may be geographically large primarily because its municipal government has merged with the government of the surrounding county. In some cases the county no longer exists, while in others the arrangement has formed a Consolidated city\u2013county (or city-borough in Alaska, or city-parish in Louisiana); these are shown in bold. Cities that are not consolidated with or part of any county are independent cities, indicated thus <nowiki>**</nowiki>. All data is from the 2010 United States Census.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Florida State Road A1A", "paragraph_text": "State Road A1A (SR\u00a0A1A) is a north-south Florida State Road that runs along the Atlantic Ocean, from Key West at the southern tip of Florida, to Fernandina Beach, just south of Georgia on Amelia Island. It is the main road through most oceanfront towns. Part of SR A1A is designated the A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Byway, a National Scenic Byway. A portion of A1A that passes through Volusia County is designated the Ormond Scenic Loop and Trail, a Florida Scenic Highway. It is also called the Indian River Lagoon Scenic Highway from State Road 510 at Wabasso Beach to U.S. Route 1 in Cocoa. A1A is famous worldwide as the center of beach culture in the United States, a scenic coastal route through most Atlantic coastal cities and beach towns, including the unique tropical coral islands of the Florida Keys. A1A also serves as a major thoroughfare through Miami Beach and other south Florida coastal cities.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dalun, Jiangsu", "paragraph_text": "Dalun () is a town of Jiangyan District, Taizhou in south-central Jiangsu province, China. , it has 2 residential communities (\u793e\u533a) and 16 villages under its administration.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jiangyan District", "paragraph_text": "Jiangyan District () is one of three urban districts of the city of Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China, having been, until December 2012, a county-level city. Jiangyan is noted for being the birthplace of the former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Hu Jintao.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Laurentide Ice Sheet", "paragraph_text": "The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square kilometers, including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States, multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs\u2014 from 2.588\u00a0\u00b1 0.005 million years ago to the present. The last advance covered most of northern North America between c. 95,000 and c. 20,000 years before the present day, and among other geomorphological effects, gouged out the five Great Lakes and the hosts of smaller lakes of the Canadian shield. These lakes extend from the eastern Northwest Territories, through most of northern Canada, and the upper Midwestern United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan) to the Finger Lakes, through Lake Champlain and Lake George areas of New York, across the northern Appalachians into and through all of New England and Nova Scotia. At times, the ice sheet's southern margin included the present-day sites of northeastern coastal towns and cities such as Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Boston, New York City, and Great Lakes coastal cities and towns as far south as Chicago and St. Louis, Missouri\u2014and then followed quite precisely the present course of the Missouri River up to the northern slopes of the Cypress Hills, beyond which it merged with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The ice coverage extended approximately as far south as 38 degrees latitude in the mid-continent.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Shenge", "paragraph_text": "Shenge is a coastal town on the Atlantic ocean; it is the seat of the Kagboro chiefdom, one of several in Moyamba District in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. Due to the dense coastal jungle and poor road network, the town of Shenge is most easily reached by boat. \"Pampa\" is the name given to the boats that travel among the coastal cities.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae4db9c55429908b6326492", "question_text": "What was held in 2011 at the same stadium where the seventeenth edition of the IAAF World Championships is scheduled to be held in 2019?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The final of 2011 AFC Asian Cup"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lauren Fleshman", "paragraph_text": "Lauren Fleshman (born September 26, 1981) is a former American track and field athlete. She was the U.S. 5000 meters champion in 2006 and 2010, and has competed at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics in 2003, 2005, and 2011. In the 5000 meter final of the 2011 IAAF World Championships she finished 7th place, equaling what was at the time the highest ever finish by an American woman in that event (in 2013 Molly Huddle finished 6th).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Kenia Sinclair", "paragraph_text": "Kenia Sinclair (born July 14, 1980) is a Jamaican athlete competing over 800 metres. Kenia first broke onto the international scene in 2005. On June 12 Sinclair broke Inez Turner's 10-year-old record to become the 5th Jamaican woman to go under two minutes. Less than a month later Kenia again broke the Jamaican record lowering the mark to 1.58.88. Kenia narrowly missed out on reaching the 800m final at the 2005 IAAF World Championships after finishing 3rd in her semi-final. In early 2006 Sinclair gained a silver in the IAAF World Indoor Championships breaking the Jamaican Indoor Record. In March at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Kenia earned a silver medal beating her hero Maria de Lurdes Mutola and once again breaking the national record. Kenia set her most recent National record of 1:57.88 in Crete, Greece. At the 2007 IAAF World Championships Kenia was once again knocked out in the semi-finals but many believe her performance was affected by the death of her coach. Kenia Sinclair is one of Jamaica greatest ever 800m runners and has broken the barriers of Jamaican female middle distance running. Kenia made the 2008 Olympic 800m final but she mistimed her run and finished 6th with a season's best of 1:58.24.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "2014 in athletics (track and field)", "paragraph_text": "In 2014 there was no primary outdoor global athletics championship, as neither the Summer Olympics nor the World Championships in Athletics occurred in the year. The 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and the 2014 IAAF Continental Cup were the foremost global events to be held in 2014. The 2014 IAAF World Relays marked the debut of the new international competition exclusively for relay races.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "2019 World Championships in Athletics", "paragraph_text": "The seventeenth edition of the IAAF World Championships is scheduled to be held in 2019 in Doha, Qatar at the renovated Khalifa International Stadium, a 48,000 -seat multi-purpose stadium.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2012 in athletics (track and field)", "paragraph_text": "In 2012 the foremost competition in athletics was the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The International Association of Athletics Federations held four other global level competitions in 2012: the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, 2012 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics and the 2012 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Australian Athletics Team", "paragraph_text": "The Australian Athletics Team has been known as the \"Australian Flame\" since 2009. The team participates in several world multi-event athletics competitions: Summer Olympics, IAAF World Championships, IAAF World Indoor Championships and the Commonwealth Games. Australia also participates in specific event world championships including IAAF World Cross Country Championships and IAAF World Race Walking Cup.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ilya Shkurenyov", "paragraph_text": "Ilya Yuryevich Shkurenyov (Russian: \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044f \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0451\u0432 ; born 11 January 1991) is a Russian decathlete. His personal best score is 8538 points, achieved at the 2015 IAAF World Championships in Beijing. He was second at IAAF World Junior Championships in 2010, 4th at IAAF World Indoor Championships 2012 in heptathlon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Emanuele Fuamatu", "paragraph_text": "Emanuele Fuamatu (born 27 October 1989) is a Samoan athlete. He competed for Samoa in shot put at the 2012 Summer Olympics where he did not advance to the final. Emanuele Fuamatu competed for Australia at the 2005 IAAF World Youth Championships, 2006 IAAF World Junior Championships, and the 2008 IAAF World Junior Championships. Emanuele Fuamatu was a recipient of the International Olympic Committee Solidarity Scholarship. He holds the current Male NSW Under 16, Under 18, Under 20, and Open Shot Put Records. He is the current Oceania and Australian Champion in the Men's Shot Put. Emanuele Fuamatu won the Shot Put in the Australian Junior Championships in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. His 20.54 metre effort with the 6\u00a0kg as a junior ranked him third worldwide in 2008. He attends University in Sydney, Australia, majoring in Law.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "IAAF World U20 Championships", "paragraph_text": "The IAAF World U20 Championships (formerly named the IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics up to November 2015) are the world championships for junior aged athletes (19 years old or younger on 31 December in the year of the competition), organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations. It is held biennially since 1986.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Khalifa International Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Khalifa International Stadium (Arabic: \u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u200e \u200e ) also known as National Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar as part of the Doha Sports City complex, which also includes Aspire Academy, Hamad Aquatic Centre, and the Aspire Tower. It is named after Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Qatar's former Emir. The final of 2011 AFC Asian Cup was held at this stadium.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a76334c5542994ccc918710", "question_text": "Where is the author of Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World's Greatest Outlaw (2001) born?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["St. Louis, Missouri"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mark Bowden", "paragraph_text": "Mark Robert Bowden (born July 17, 1951) is an American writer and author. He is a National Correspondent for The Atlantic and a contributing editor at \"Vanity Fair\". Born in St. Louis, Missouri, he is a 1973 graduate of Loyola University Maryland. While at Loyola, he was inspired to embark on a journalistic career by reading Tom Wolfe's book \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\". In 2010, in his acceptance speech for a lifetime achievement award at the National Book Awards, Wolfe called Bowden one of the two \"writers to watch\" (along with Michael Lewis).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Roger Hunt", "paragraph_text": "Roger Hunt, MBE (born 20 July 1938) is an English former footballer who played as a forward. He spent eleven years at Liverpool and became the club's record goalscorer with 286 goals, until it was surpassed by Ian Rush. Hunt remains Liverpool's record league goalscorer. Under Bill Shankly, Hunt won two league titles and an FA Cup. Regarded as one of Liverpool's greatest ever players, Hunt is referred to as Sir Roger by the club's fans. He was ranked 13th on the 100 Players Who Shook The Kop, an official fan poll.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Alfonso G. Pablo Sr.", "paragraph_text": "Alfonso G. Pablo Sr. (born September 29, 1939 in Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines) is a retired ordained Filipino Wesleyan clergyman who was General Superintendent of the Wesleyan Church of the Philippines from 1989 to 2005, and was the Chairman of the The International Conference of The Wesleyan Church (formerly Wesleyan World Fellowship) for four years from 2000. Pablo is currently General Superintendent \"emeritus\" of The Wesleyan Church of the Philippines, a distinguished professor at the Wesleyan Graduate School for Asia Pacific in Rosales, Pangasinan, adjunct professor at Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary, and the chairman of Global Transformation Ministries (GTMI), and chairman of the Asia Evangelistic Fellowship Philippines (AEFP). Pablo has led various parachurch organizations in the evangelical community, including being the chairman of the Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches (PCEC). In 2010, Pablo published a book, \"Transforming Leaders: The Filipino Church Administration\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "William G. Boykin", "paragraph_text": "William G. \"Jerry\" Boykin (born April 19, 1948) was the United States Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence under President George W. Bush from 2002 to 2007 and retired general officer. During his 36-year career in the military he spent 13 years in the Delta Force and was involved in numerous high-profile missions, including the 1980 Iran hostage rescue attempt, the 1992 hunt for Pablo Escobar in Colombia, and the Black Hawk Down incident in Mogadishu, Somalia. He is an author and teaches at Hampden\u2013Sydney College, Virginia. He is currently executive vice president at the Family Research Council.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Killing Pablo", "paragraph_text": "Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World's Greatest Outlaw (2001) is a book by Mark Bowden that details the efforts by the governments of the United States and Colombia, their respective military and intelligence forces, and Los Pepes to stop illegal activities committed by Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar and his subordinates. It relates how Escobar was killed and his cartel dismantled. Bowden originally reported this story in a 31-part series published in \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\" and in a companion documentary of the same title.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Paul Hunt (gymnast)", "paragraph_text": "Paul Hunt is a gymnastics coach and gymnastics clown. Hunt was born in Illinois, and now lives in Murray, Utah. He runs Hunt's Gymnastics Academy (a.k.a. Hunt's Gym) in Salt Lake City. Hunt has performed comedic performances of women's gymnastics routines, including the uneven bars, floor exercises, and the balance beam since 1980. He has performed on US and international television, including \"Wide World of Sports\" and \"America's Funniest Videos\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Pablo Salvador", "paragraph_text": "Pablo Salvador is a Chilean gay activist and blogger born in Panama as Salvador Sep\u00falveda Montoya. Pablo is Master in Direction of Communication of Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain and Professor of History and Management. The greatest success of Chile in a gay contest was in February 2011 when Pablo Salvador, Mr. Gay Chile 2009 - 2010, won the International Mr Gay Competition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ennio Bolognini", "paragraph_text": "Ennio Bolognini (November 7, 1893\u2014July 31, 1979) was an Argentine-born American cellist, guitarist, composer, conductor, professional boxer, pilot, and flight instructor. Though seldom remembered today, during his lifetime his musical virtuosity was widely admired by his contemporaries. Pablo Casals praised him as \"the greatest cello talent I ever heard in my life\", and Gregor Piatigorsky told Christine Walevska's father, \"No, I am not the greatest cellist in the world; neither is Feuermann. The greatest is the Argentine Bolognini!\" (A similar quote has been elsewhere misattributed to Emanuel Feuermann)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "GISHWHES", "paragraph_text": "The Greatest International Scavenger Hunt the World Has Ever Seen (GISHWHES, pronounced \"gish-wes\") is an annual week-long competitive media scavenger hunt originally held each October or November, but more recently each August. Teams of 15 competitors earn points for submitting photos and videos of themselves completing prompts from a list they receive at the beginning of the week. Actor Misha Collins officially founded GISHWHES in 2011 after a publicity stunt to help the television series \"Supernatural\" (on which Collins appears) win a People's Choice Award. The competition holds a world record for being the largest media scavenger hunt ever to take place, and several additional world records. On July 11th 2017, Collins announced that the 2017 hunt is to be the last iteration of GISHWHES in its current format.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Royal Calpe Hunt", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Calpe Hunt of the British Crown Colony of Gibraltar originated in 1812 as the Civil Hunt. The fox hunt was initially a civilian endeavour that began when a pair of English foxhounds were imported to Gibraltar. The hunts took place across the border, in the Campo de Gibraltar area of Spain. However, in 1814, the membership of the Hunt underwent a substantial change. Many officers of the Gibraltar garrison joined the Hunt, which shifted from a civilian to a military enterprise. That year, the name was changed to the Civil Calpe Hunt. It retained that title until 1817, after which it was known as the Calpe Hunt. The first Master of the Hunt was Charles Elphinstone Fleeming. However, the Master most associated with the Hunt was Pablo Larios, Marquis of Marzales, who held that title for forty-five years. His election to that position in 1891 was not only historic, but strategic. His appointment represented only the second time that the position had not been filled by a member of the military. In addition, his Spanish heritage and influence in the Campo de Gibraltar, where he owned extensive estates, garnered him the loyalty of the local Spanish farmers, and therefore eased the ever-present tensions between the military and the farmers over the crop damage that was inherent to the Hunt. In 1906, King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and King Alfonso XIII of Spain became joint Patrons of the Hunt, after which it was known as the Royal Calpe Hunt. The tradition of the Hunt continued for more than a century, until 1939, and the onset of the Second World War", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7bb7f2554299042af8f7b6", "question_text": "What Cantonese slang term can mean both \"ghost man\" and to refer to Westerners?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Gweilo"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ducking (slang)", "paragraph_text": "\"Ducking\" is a prison slang term for a technique through which prisoners modify the behavior of correctional officers and other prison staff members using manipulation and coercion. The prison slang term for a prison staff member that has been manipulated is a \"duck\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ghosts (2006 film)", "paragraph_text": "Ghosts is a 2006 drama film directed by Nick Broomfield, based on the 2004 Morecambe Bay cockling disaster. The title is a reference to the Cantonese slang term \"Gweilo\" (\u9b3c\u4f6c), meaning \"ghost man\", used for white people.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Shiv (weapon)", "paragraph_text": "Shiv (possibly from the Romani word \"chivomengro\", \"knife\"), also \"chiv\", is a slang term for any sharp or pointed implement used as a knife-like weapon. The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" suggests \"shive\", a razor, documented in 1915, as the root word. In the 1920s, \"shiv\" was also a common slang term for a bladed weapon, mostly a knife. In the United States, an improvised prison knife is also often called a shank.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Gweilo", "paragraph_text": "Gweilo or gwailou (, pronounced ] ) is a common Cantonese slang term for Westerners. In its unmodified form, it applies only to European ethnicities and has a history of racially deprecatory use. Cantonese speakers frequently use \"gwailou\" to refer to Westerners in general use, in a non-derogatory context, although whether this type of usage is offensive is disputed by both Cantonese and Westerners alike.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Dongo", "paragraph_text": "Dongo may refer to: The mix between a dingo and any other dog is referred to as a \"Dongo\" and also is a slang term for male genitalia. Dongo is also reported to be, but is not widely used, as a slang term in Australia as a substitute for the color orange.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Zips", "paragraph_text": "Zips (also Siggies or Geeps) is a slang term often used as a derogatory slur by Italian American and Sicilian American mobsters in reference to newer immigrant Sicilian and Italian mafiosi. The name is said to have originated from mobsters' inability to understand the faster-speaking Sicilian dialects, which appeared to \"zip\" by. Other theories include pejorative uses such as Sicilians' preference for silent, homemade zip guns. According to still another theory, the term is a contraction of the Sicilian slang term for \"hicks\" or \"primitives.\" The older Sicilian mafiosi of pre-Prohibition known as \"Mustache Petes\" (who eventually were deposed by American-born mobsters during the Castellammarese War) were also referred to as zips.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sheng nu", "paragraph_text": "Sheng nu (\u5269\u5973; sh\u00e8ngn\u01da; common translation: \"leftover women\" or \"leftover ladies\") is a derogatory term made popular by the All-China Women's Federation that classifies women who remain unmarried in their late twenties and beyond. The term is most prominently used in China, including a state sponsored directive and program, but has been used to describe women across Asia, India, and North America. The term has gone on to become widely used in the mainstream media and has been the subject of several televisions series, magazine and newspaper articles, and book publications focusing on both the good and bad aspects of the term and surrounding culture. Xu Xiaomin of \"The China Daily\" described the sheng nus as \"a social force to be reckoned with\" while others have argued the term should be taken as a positive to mean \"successful women\". The slang term, 3S or 3S Women, meaning \"single, seventies (1970s), and stuck\" has also been used in place of sheng nu. The equivalent term for men, \"guang gun\" (\u5149\u68cd) meaning bare branches, is used to refer to men who do not marry and thus do not add 'branches' to the family tree. Similarly, \"shengnan\" (\u5269\u7537) or \"leftover men\" has also been used.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Beard (companion)", "paragraph_text": "Beard is a slang term describing a person who is used, knowingly or unknowingly, as a date, romantic partner (boyfriend or girlfriend), or spouse either to conceal infidelity or to conceal one's sexual orientation. The American slang term originally referred to anyone who acted on behalf of another, in any transaction, to conceal a person's true identity. The term can be used in heterosexual and homosexual contexts, but is especially used within LGBT culture. References to beards are seen in mainstream television and films, and other entertainment.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cantonese slang", "paragraph_text": "Cantonese slang is a type of slang used in areas where Cantonese language is spoken.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Shmohawk", "paragraph_text": "Shmohawk or schmohawk is a slang term that might have derived from \"schmo\", a slang term meaning \"fool\". The HBO television show \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" gave the word recent notoriety, and HBO even sells a \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" schmohawk mug. Earlier uses of the word can be found in the \"Crusader Rabbit\" animated cartoon \"Crusader and the Schmohawk Indians\", released in 1950 and in Saul Bellow's 1958 novel \"Henderson the Rain King\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab576c4554299637185c5a4", "question_text": "TMNT is a single-player action-adventure multi-platform action game based on a film which was the final film role for who?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mako"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Church in the Darkness", "paragraph_text": "The Church in the Darkness is an upcoming single-player action-adventure video game designed by Richard Rouse III and developed under the name Paranoid Productions. The game is expected to be launched in 2017 for PC (Steam), Mac OS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "The Little Mermaid (video game)", "paragraph_text": "The Little Mermaid is an action game by Capcom for the NES and Game Boy. It is a single-player side-scrolling action game where the player controls Ariel on a quest to defeat the evil Ursula, the sea witch.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Exile (1988 video game)", "paragraph_text": "Exile is a single-player action-adventure video game originally published for the Acorn Electron and BBC Micro in 1988 by Superior Software and later ported to the Commodore 64, Amiga, CD32 and Atari ST, all published by Audiogenic. Exile's game physics engine qualifies it to be the first game to have a complete Newtonian motion model. At the time of its release it was considered to push the boundaries of what was possible on home computers, particularly on the 8-bit platforms. It remains probably the most complex game available for the BBC Micro. The game was designed and programmed by Peter Irvin (author of \"Starship Command\", a space shoot-em-up with an innovative control system) and Jeremy Smith (author of \"Thrust\", a game based on cave exploration with a simpler physics model). It is also an early example of a Metroidvania.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Alex Kidd in Shinobi World", "paragraph_text": "Alex Kidd in Shinobi World is a side-scrolling action game produced by Sega that was originally released for the Master System in 1990 and later re-released for the Wii Virtual Console in 2009 . Although developed in Japan, it was released exclusively for the overseas market (North America, Europe and Brazil). The game stars Alex Kidd in a parody version of Sega's ninja-themed action game \"Shinobi\", where Alex Kidd fights against caricatures of many of the enemies from \"Shinobi\". It is the final video game to star the Alex Kidd character.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mobile Suit Gundam: Journey to Jaburo", "paragraph_text": "Mobile Suit Gundam: Journey to Jaburo (Japanese: \u6a5f\u52d5\u6226\u58eb\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0 \u3081\u3050\u308a\u3042\u3044\u5b87\u5b99 \"Kid\u014d Senshi Gandamu Meguriaiuch\u016b\", meaning \"Mobile Suit Gundam: Space Encounters\") is an action game based directly on the Mobile Suit Gundam films and series. The game begins at the start of the series and ends at the ending of the second film. The game plays in an action game format with a standard third person view. It features newly hand animated cutscenes that depict events from the original television series as well as a CGI opening depicting a space battle from the One Year War and then a scene of the Gundam destroying several Zaku IIs before being attacked by Char Aznable. It is also the prequel to \"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "TMNT (film)", "paragraph_text": "TMNT is a 2007 computer-animated fantasy action film written and directed by Kevin Munroe. Based on the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" comic book series, the film stars Chris Evans, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Mako, Kevin Smith, Patrick Stewart and Zhang Ziyi. Mako died in July 2006, making \"TMNT\" his final film role. The film is dedicated to him.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time", "paragraph_text": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time, released as Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles: Turtles in Time in Europe, is an arcade video game produced by Konami. A sequel to the original \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" (\"TMNT\") arcade game, it is a scrolling beat 'em up type game based mainly on the 1987 \"TMNT\" animated series. Originally an arcade game, \"Turtles in Time\" was ported to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992 under the title Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles IV: Turtles in Time, continuing the numbering from the earlier \"Turtles\" games released on the original NES. That same year, a game that borrowed many elements, \"\" was released for the Mega Drive/Genesis.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "TMNT (video game)", "paragraph_text": "TMNT is a single-player action-adventure multi-platform action game starring the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. It is based on the 2007 film of the same name, and was released three days before the actual movie's release for the Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo DS, and PlayStation Portable, as well as for the PC on March 20, 2007.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Treasure Planet: Battle at Procyon", "paragraph_text": "Treasure Planet: Battle at Procyon is a PC strategy game, part of Disney's Action Game strand, which includes epic 3D ship battles. The game takes place five years after the events of the film, \"Treasure Planet\". The single-player campaign details the story of Jim Hawkins ascending the ranks as a naval officer, and an additional skirmish mode includes several historical and open-map skirmishes. Of note is the fact that the game actually states that no battle takes place at Procyon during the end credits, a disclaimer likely added due to the presence of younger players.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Disney's Mulan (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Disney's Mulan is a 1998 action video game based on the Disney film \"Mulan\", and released on the Game Boy. It is a part of the \"Mulan\" franchise. The action game is published by THQ and developed by Tiertex Design Studios. It was released on Oct 19, 1998.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8da97c554299068b959d84", "question_text": "Which university offers more campuses in the Philippines, Fairleigh Dickinson University or the Western Institute of Technology?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Western Institute of Technology"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Fairleigh Dickinson Knights", "paragraph_text": "The Fairleigh Dickinson Knights refer to the 17 sports teams representing Fairleigh Dickinson University's Metropolitan campus in Teaneck & Hackensack, New Jersey. Fairleigh Dickinson University or (FDU) offers a variety of sports on the Division I level. The Women's Bowling Team has won two national titles in 2006 & 2010 respectively. The men's basketball team has reached the NCAA Tournament five times in the history of the program (1985, 1988, 1998, 2005, & 2016). The Knights compete in the NCAA Division I and are members of the Northeast Conference.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Institute of Traditional Judaism", "paragraph_text": "The Institute of Traditional Judaism, also known as the Metivta or the ITJ, is the rabbinical school sponsored by the Union for Traditional Judaism. The Metivta trains men for the rabbinate, and also offer study programs for men and women which do not lead to ordination. The ITJ offers a Masters in Public Administration jointly with Fairleigh Dickinson University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Intercollegiate Horse Show Association", "paragraph_text": "The Intercollegiate Horse Show Association (IHSA) was established in 1967 by Robert E. Cacchione, while a sophomore at Fairleigh Dickinson University in New Jersey and with the encouragement of History professor and noted horseman, Jack Fritz. IHSA is based on the principal that any college student, regardless of skill level, financial status, or riding experience, should have the opportunity to compete on a college equestrian team. IHSA offers numerous scholarship opportunities while emphasizing education, sportsmanship, and team spirit. IHSA  serves 400+ college and university teams across the United States and parts of Canada, with more than 8900 active riders. Collegiate equestrian, like Olympic equestrian competition, remains one of the only sports in the world where young women and men compete equally.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Western Institute of Technology (Philippines)", "paragraph_text": "The Western Institute of Technology (also referred to as WIT) is an engineering college in Iloilo City, Philippines.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Fairleigh S. Dickinson", "paragraph_text": "Colonel Fairleigh Stanton Dickinson Sr. (August 22, 1866 \u2013 June 23, 1948) was the co-founder of the Fortune 500 medical technology company Becton Dickinson and the named benefactor of Fairleigh Dickinson University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Fairleigh Dickinson Knights men's basketball", "paragraph_text": "The Fairleigh Dickinson Knights men's basketball team represents Fairleigh Dickinson University in Hackensack, New Jersey, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Northeast Conference and plays their home games at the Rothman Center. FDU is currently coached by Greg Herenda.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Fairleigh Dickinson University Press", "paragraph_text": "Fairleigh Dickinson University Press (FDU Press) is a publishing house under the operation and oversight of Fairleigh Dickinson University, the largest private university in New Jersey with international campuses in Vancouver, British Columbia and Wroxton, Oxfordshire.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Fairleigh Dickinson Knights women's basketball", "paragraph_text": "The Fairleigh Dickinson women's basketball team represents Fairleigh Dickinson University in Women's college basketball. Their colors are burgundy, white, and blue. This mid-major team competes in the Northeast Conference. The Knights host opponents in the Rothman Center, which can seat up to 6,000, in Hackensack, New Jersey. They are coached by Peter Cinella, who is in his 8th year.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Lehigh University Press", "paragraph_text": "Lehigh University Press is the publishing house of Lehigh University. Lehigh's university press was a member of the Associated University Presses consortium; other members included Bucknell University Press, University of Delaware Press, Susquehanna University Press and Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. When Associated University Presses ceased most new publishing in 2010, a new distribution agreement between Lehigh University Press, Bucknell University Press, University of Delaware Press, and Fairleigh Dickinson University Press was struck with Rowman & Littlefield.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Fairleigh Dickinson University", "paragraph_text": "Fairleigh Dickinson University is a private, coeducational and nonsectarian university founded in 1942. Fairleigh Dickinson University is the first American university to own and operate an international campus and currently offers more than 100 individual degree programs to its students. The school has four campuses, two in New Jersey (United States), and one each in Canada and the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abefbc15542990832d3a117", "question_text": "Michael Lent is best known as the co-writer of the memoirs of Hugh Rowland, a star on a reality television series that premiered on what date?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["June 17, 2007"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Michael Lent (writer and producer)", "paragraph_text": "Michael Lent is a mixed media writer and producer based in Los Angeles. He is best known as the co-writer of \"On Thin Ice\", the memoirs of Hugh Rowland, one of the stars of the long-running series Ice Road Truckers.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "PrankStars", "paragraph_text": "PrankStars was a 2011 American 6-episode reality television series that aired monthly and employed the use of a hidden camera. The series premiered on Disney Channel on July 15, 2011, and was hosted by \"Pair of Kings\" and \"Hannah Montana\" star, Mitchel Musso. The television program portrayed scenarios in which children and teenagers met their favorite stars in \"unpredictable and humorous\" settings that had been engineered by their friends and family. The show was Disney Channel's first reality series since the \"Totally in Tune\" show. In Canada, Family Channel aired two episodes of \"PrankStars\" on September 30, 2011, and a total of four episodes were originally supposed to broadcast before the series was withdrawn. The fourth episode aired a day before Musso's mid-October 2011 arrest on a charge of driving while intoxicated (and subsequent removal from the cast of \"Pair of Kings\"), and the remaining two episodes premiered solely in the United Kingdom and Latin America, they premiered in the U.S. in November 2016 on Disney XD.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gulder Ultimate Search", "paragraph_text": "Gulder Ultimate Search (also called GUS) is a Nigerian reality television series, created and sponsored by Nigerian Breweries Plc to promote the Gulder Lager Beer. The first season premiered in 2004. The GUS series is also the very first 100% local content reality television programme in Nigeria and it is a survival type reality programme that highlights the struggle of Contestants (10\u201330 persons, depending on the reference edition), their struggles against themselves and the wild i.e. nature and their search for a hidden treasure that brings to the last person standing instant fame and fortune. The Winner of the last season in 2012 took home a 10 million naira cash prize and an SUV.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kendra on Top", "paragraph_text": "Kendra on Top is an American reality television series on WE tv that debuted June 5, 2012. The series follows the day-to-day life of former \"Playboy\" model and \"The Girls Next Door\" reality television personality Kendra Baskett as she balances motherhood and her business ventures. Season 2 chronicles Wilkinson as she prepares and participates as a celebrity contestant on \"Splash\" and stars on \"Celebrity Wife Swap\". The series also documents the activities of her husband, Hank Baskett, as he works on his transition from NFL football player to businessman. Kendra's car accident that occurred in April 2013 is also included. WE tv renewed \"Kendra on Top\" for a fourth season which premiered on August 21, 2015. WE tv renewed \"Kendra on Top\" for a fifth season which premiered on April 1, 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Kenny Wormald", "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Edgar \"Kenny\" Wormald (born July 27, 1984) is an American dancer, reality television star and actor. His best known role to date is perhaps as Ren McCormack in the 2011 remake of 1984's \"Footloose\". Wormald was a regular on the MTV reality television series \"Dancelife\" in 2007.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ice Road Truckers", "paragraph_text": "Ice Road Truckers (commercially abbreviated IRT) is a reality television series that premiered on History, on June 17, 2007. It features the activities of drivers who operate trucks on seasonal routes crossing frozen lakes and rivers, in remote Arctic territories in Canada and Alaska. Later series focused on Alaska's improved but still remote Dalton Highway, which is mainly snow-covered solid ground. The newest seasons are based on Manitoba's winter roads.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Biggest Loser (Dutch TV series)", "paragraph_text": "De Afvallers (literal translation: \"The Slimmers\") is a Dutch reality television series which first premiered on SBS 6. The series is a spin-off of the American reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\" and the SBS 6 weight-loss series \"\", which was canceled after two seasons due to low ratings.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race", "paragraph_text": "Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race (also known as \"Total Drama: Ridonculous Race\", or simply \"The Ridonculous Race\") is a Canadian animated reality television series which lampoons the conventions commonly found in reality television. The show is a spin-off of the original \"Total Drama\" series created in 2007 and the second series created as part of the overall franchise. The series is created by Fresh TV Inc. and distributed by Cake Entertainment and airs on Cartoon Network in North America. The series premiered in the United States on September 7, 2015, and then began airing in Canada on January 4, 2016. It also aired on ABC3 in Australia, starting December 12, 2015. Like the original series, this series consists of 26 episodes per season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Fashion Show (U.S. TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The Fashion Show: Ultimate Collection (originally styled as The Fashion Show) is an American reality television series which premiered on May 7, 2009, on the Bravo cable network. The show focuses on fashion design and featured hosts fashion designer Isaac Mizrahi and supermodel Iman. The contestants competed against each other to create the best clothes and were restricted in time, materials, and theme, with the resulting designs judged and one or more designers eliminated each week. The show was originally co-hosted by singer Kelly Rowland, however, she was replaced by Iman in Season 2.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "AACTA Award for Best Reality Television Series", "paragraph_text": "The AACTA Award for Best Reality Television Series is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA), a non-profit organisation whose aim is to \"identify, award, promote and celebrate Australia's greatest achievements in film and television.\" The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards, which hand out accolades for achievements in feature film, television, documentaries and short films. The award was first introduced in 2012, for the 2nd AACTA Awards in 2013, due to the growth of reality television productions in Australia. Reality television productions could previously be submitted in the Best Light Entertainment Series category.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a78eff155429974737f790a", "question_text": "What Happens in Vegas, an American comedy film starring Lake Bell, was released in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["2008"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Lake Bell", "paragraph_text": "Lake Siegel Bell (born March 24, 1979) is an American actress, director, and screenwriter. She has starred in various television series, including \"Boston Legal\" (2004\u20132006), \"Surface\" (2005\u20132006), \"How to Make It in America\" (2010\u20132011) and \"Childrens Hospital\" (2008\u20132016), and in films including \"Over Her Dead Body\" (2008), \"What Happens in Vegas\" (2008), \"It's Complicated\" (2009), \"No Strings Attached\" (2011), \"Million Dollar Arm\" (2014) and \"The Secret Life of Pets\" (2016).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "I Do...Until I Don't", "paragraph_text": "I Do...Until I Don't is a 2017 American comedy film written and directed by Lake Bell. The film stars Lake Bell, Ed Helms, Mary Steenburgen, Paul Reiser, Amber Heard, Dolly Wells, and Wyatt Cenac. The film was released on September 1, 2017, by The Film Arcade.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "It's Complicated (film)", "paragraph_text": "It's Complicated is a 2009 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Nancy Meyers. It stars Meryl Streep as a successful bakery owner and single mother of three who starts a secret affair with her former husband, played by Alec Baldwin, ten years after their divorce\u00a0\u2013 only to find herself drawn to another man: her architect Adam (portrayed by Steve Martin). The film also features supporting performances by Lake Bell, Hunter Parrish, Zoe Kazan, John Krasinski, Mary Kay Place, Robert Curtis Brown and Rita Wilson, among others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Wainy Days", "paragraph_text": "Wainy Days is an internet video series starring David Wain that is hosted on the website, My Damn Channel. The web series follows a fictionalized version of Wain through his everyday life as he tries to form relationships with numerous women and discusses his problems with his friends at the sweatshop where he works. Elizabeth Banks, Jonah Hill, Julie Bowen, Megan Mullally, Jason Sudeikis, Rob Corddry, Lake Bell, Amanda Peet, Rosemarie DeWitt, Elizabeth Reaser, Thomas Lennon, Joe Lo Truglio, Josh Charles, Lucy Punch, A.D. Miles, Paul Rudd, Michael Ian Black, Rashida Jones, Michael Showalter and various other \"Stella/The State/Wet Hot American Summer\" alum have all guest-starred in various episodes. A DVD containing the first four seasons was released February 14, 2012. In 2013, Blip Partnered with My Damn Channel, leading to season 5 of \"Wainy Days\" being premiered simultaneously on Blip and MyDamnChannel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Man Up (film)", "paragraph_text": "Man Up is a 2015 British-French romantic comedy film directed by Ben Palmer from a screenplay written by Tess Morris, starring Simon Pegg and Lake Bell. The film follows a single 34-year-old woman (Bell), who after being mistaken for a stranger's blind date, finds the perfect boyfriend in a 40-year-old divorc\u00e9 (Pegg). The film was released on 29 May 2015 by StudioCanal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Over Her Dead Body", "paragraph_text": "Over Her Dead Body is a 2008 American romantic comedy film starring Eva Longoria, Paul Rudd, Lake Bell, Lindsay Sloane and Jason Biggs. It was written and directed by Jeff Lowell. The film is about Kate (Eva Longoria), who dies on the day of her wedding to fianc\u00e9 Henry (Paul Rudd). He subsequently begins a relationship with psychic Ashley (Lake Bell) who becomes haunted by Kate trying to sabotage their relationship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "In a World...", "paragraph_text": "In a World... is a 2013 American comedy film written, directed and co-produced by Lake Bell.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "A Good Old Fashioned Orgy", "paragraph_text": "A Good Old Fashioned Orgy is a 2011 comedy film written and directed by Alex Gregory and Peter Huyck. It stars Jason Sudeikis, Leslie Bibb, Lake Bell, Michelle Borth, Nick Kroll, Tyler Labine, Angela Sarafyan, Lindsay Sloane, Martin Starr, Lucy Punch and Will Forte. The main plot follows Eric, who, having thrown parties at his father's house for years, decides to have one last party when the house is to be sold: an orgy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "What Happens in Vegas", "paragraph_text": "What Happens in Vegas is a 2008 American comedy film directed by Tom Vaughan, written by Dana Fox and starring Cameron Diaz and Ashton Kutcher. The title is based on the Las Vegas marketing catchphrase \"What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Secret Life of Pets", "paragraph_text": "The Secret Life of Pets is a 2016 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment. It is directed by Chris Renaud, and co-directed by Yarrow Cheney, and written by Brian Lynch, Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio. The film stars Louis C.K., Eric Stonestreet, Kevin Hart, Steve Coogan, Ellie Kemper, Bobby Moynihan, Lake Bell, Dana Carvey, Hannibal Buress, Jenny Slate and Albert Brooks.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae4ad3155429913cc2044cb", "question_text": "Do both Adventist World and Girls' Life have a headquarter or editor based in Maryland?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["yes"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Adventist World", "paragraph_text": "Adventist World is a monthly international magazine of the Seventh-day Adventist Church published by the Review and Herald Publishing Association. Editors are based in Silver Spring, Maryland and Seoul, Korea.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Pratyoush Onta", "paragraph_text": "Pratyoush Onta is a Nepali historian and editor based at Martin Chautari. He is the author and/or editor of 22 books including \"Social History of Radio Nepal\" (2004, in Nepali), \"Growing up with Radio\" (2005, in Nepali), \"25 Years of Nepali Magazines\" (2013, in Nepali), \"The State of History Education and Research in Nepal\" (2014) and \"Political Change and Public Culture in Post-1990 Nepal\" (2017). He received his BA (economics) in 1988 from Brandeis University and PhD in history from the University of Pennsylvania in 1996. He has written about the media in Nepal in the past and now mostly writes about higher education, research and knowledge distribution. He is a former Chair and current Director of Research, Martin Chautari, Kathmandu, Nepal. He is also the founding editor of the journals \"Studies in Nepali History and Society\" (SINHAS) published since 1996 by Mandala Book Point, Kathmandu and \"Media Adhyayan\" (established 2006), which he co-edited for 10 years (2006-2015). He continues to edit SINHAS.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Seventh-day Adventist education", "paragraph_text": "The Seventh-day Adventist educational system is part of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and overseen by the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventist located in Silver Spring, Maryland.The educational system is the second-largest Christian school-system in the world, after the Roman Catholic system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Billy Kahora", "paragraph_text": "Billy Kahora is a Kenyan writer and editor based in Nairobi. He was commended by the 2007 Caine Prize judges for his story \"Treadmill Love\". His stories \"Urban Zoning\" and \"Gorilla\u2019s Apprentice\" were shortlisted for the prize in 2012 and 2014, respectively. He has written the non-fiction novella \"The True Story of David Munyakei\" the screenplay for \"Soul Boy\" and co-wrote \"Nairobi Half Life\". As Managing Editor of Kwani Trust, Kahora has edited seven issues of the \"Kwani? \" journal. He is a contributing editor to the \"Chimurenga Chronic\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Girls' Life (magazine)", "paragraph_text": "Girls' Life is an American teen magazine. It was launched in 1994 by Monarch Services. The magazine is headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "BBC Somali Service", "paragraph_text": "The BBC Somali Service is a BBC World Service radio station transmitted in the Somali language and based in Broadcasting House in West London. From 1999 until 2012, the head of the station was Yusuf Garaad Omar, a Somali journalist, who joined in 1992. Most of the listeners live in the Horn of Africa and nearby regions. According to the station, it provides a key link between those in Somalia and those elsewhere. Established on 18 July 1957 with two weekly programmes of 15 minutes each, the station made the broadcasts daily by September 1958, and on 1 July 1961 the two parts were joined and the programme time increased to 30 minutes. Increases in broadcast frequency have been made since. They currently broadcast 3 half-hour programmes and one 1-hour programme daily. The station has been developing local networks in all over Somali speaking areas in Somalia, Djibouti, the Somali region of Ethiopia and North Eastern Kenya plus the Somali diaspora all over the world. In August 2010 AllAfrica.com reported that Shabelle Media Network had started broadcasting some of the station's programmes. Since Yusuf Garad left the BBC, the Somali service never returned to the management of a Somali professional instead, at least three managers replaced after the other. First, Andres Ilves had been placed as acting head of the service for nearly two years, Josephine Hazeley deputy head of BBC Africa had been put as a caretaker. A recruitment process that followed for a BBC Somali Editor, Abdirahman Koronto , has been the successful candidate but was offered a BBC Somali Output Editor role to be line managed by the then Editor of BBC Afrique, Ibrahima Daine, as the acting editor of BBC Somali. A new role had been advertised as the editor BBC Swahili/Somali editor based in Nariobi, Caroline Karobia has been appointed to this role.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "\u00c1ngel Manuel Rodr\u00edguez", "paragraph_text": "\u00c1ngel Manuel Rodr\u00edguez (1945\u2014) is a Seventh-day Adventist theologian and was the director of the Biblical Research Institute (BRI) before his retirement. His special research interests include Old Testament, Sanctuary and Atonement, and Old Testament Theology. He has written several books, and authors a monthly column in \"Adventist World\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jason Sizemore", "paragraph_text": "Jason Sizemore is an American writer and editor based in Lexington, Kentucky. He is the owner and managing editor of Apex Publications. He was born in Big Creek, KY (pop. 400). He was the editor and publisher of \"Apex Digest\", a quarterly science fiction and horror digest that ran for 12 issues between 2005 and 2008. As the publisher/managing editor of \"Apex Magazine\", he was nominated for the Hugo Award in the semiprozine category in 2012, 2013 and 2014. As a writer he has published several stories in genre magazines. His first short story collection, \"Irredeemable\", was published in April, 2014.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Adventist Review", "paragraph_text": "The Adventist Review is the official newsmagazine of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Commonly known as the Review, it is published weekly by the Review and Herald Publishing Association. The Review and Herald also publishes a sister magazine, \"Adventist World\". The magazine is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland. The current editor of the \"Adventist Review\" is Bill Knott. The magazine currently has nearly 30,000 paying subscribers. Its library reference number is OCLC\u00a09572173  .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Adventist HealthCare", "paragraph_text": "Adventist HealthCare is a not-for-profit health services organization based in Gaithersburg, Maryland that employs more than 6,200 people and provides healthcare for more than 400,000 individuals in the community each year. The primary service area for Adventist HealthCare is the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Despite similar names, it is not a part of the California-based Adventist Health, or the Florida-based Adventist Health System.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae612f3554299546bf83065", "question_text": "Which musician who first became famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s is Inner Secrets  the ninth studio album by", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Carlos Santana"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Oswalt Kolle", "paragraph_text": "Oswalt Kolle (2 October 1928, Kiel \u2013 24 September 2010, Amsterdam) was a German sex educator, who became famous during the late 1960s and early 1970s for his numerous pioneering books and films on human sexuality. His work was translated into all major languages, while his films found an audience of 140 million worldwide. In his 1997 book \"Open to Both Sides\" he came out as bisexual. He was awarded the Magnus Hirschfeld Medal in 2000.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Tongan literature", "paragraph_text": "Among the first published works of Tongan literature, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, were 'Epeli Hau'ofa's short stories and Konai Helu Thaman's poetry. Hau'ofa's popular collection of short stories \"Tales of the Tikongs\" (1973) was followed by a novel, \"Kisses in the Nederends\", 1987, noted for its satirical style. The emergence of Tongan written literature (as distinct from oral literature) took place in the context of the development of indigenous Pacific Islander literature in the Pacific region as a whole, beginning in the late 1960s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "List of heavy metal festivals", "paragraph_text": "This is an incomplete list of heavy metal festivals. Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United States and the United Kingdom. With roots in blues rock and psychedelic rock, the first heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple attracted large audiences, and during the late 1960s and mid-1970s these band and others in their genre were featured at a number of historic rock festivals. Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Inner Secrets", "paragraph_text": "Inner Secrets is the ninth studio album by Santana. It was released in 1978 and marks the start of the phase of Santana's career where he moved away from the fusion of Latin, jazz, rock and blues that marked his previous records and began to move towards an album-oriented rock direction. As such, the album's quality is widely disputed among fans. \" Stormy\" and \"One Chain (Don't Make No Prison)\" were both hit singles. In The Netherlands \"Well All Right\" was released as a single and reached #22 in the top 40.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "John Cooper Clarke", "paragraph_text": "John Cooper Clarke (born 25 January 1949) is an English performance poet who first became famous during the punk rock era of the late 1970s when he became known as a \"punk poet\". He released several albums in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and continues to perform regularly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Synth-pop", "paragraph_text": "Synth-pop (short for synthesizer pop; also called techno-pop) is a subgenre of new wave music that first became prominent in the late 1970s, reached its heyday in the 1980s, and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the \"Krautrock\" of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a distinct genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late 1970s to the mid-1980s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Richard Estes", "paragraph_text": "Richard Estes (born May 14, 1932 in Kewanee, Illinois) is an American artist, best known for his photorealist paintings. The paintings generally consist of reflective, clean, and inanimate city and geometric landscapes. He is regarded as one of the founders of the international photo-realist movement of the late 1960s, with such painters as John Baeder, Ralph Goings, Chuck Close, Audrey Flack, and Duane Hanson. Author Graham Thompson writes \"One demonstration of the way photography became assimilated into the art world is the success of photorealist painting in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is also called super-realism or hyper-realism and painters like Richard Estes, Denis Peterson, Audrey Flack, and Chuck Close often worked from photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Carlos Santana", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Santana \u00a0\u00a0 (born July 20, 1947) is a Mexican and American musician who first became famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s with his band, Santana, which pioneered a fusion of rock and Latin American music. The band's sound featured his melodic, blues-based guitar lines set against Latin and African rhythms featuring percussion instruments such as timbales and congas not generally heard in rock music. Santana continued to work in these forms over the following decades. He experienced a resurgence of popularity and critical acclaim in the late 1990s. In 2003 \"Rolling Stone\" magazine listed Santana at number 20 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He has won 10 Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Progressive country", "paragraph_text": "Progressive country is a subgenre of country music developed in the early 1970s. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, mainstream country music was dominated by the slick Nashville sound and the rock-influenced Bakersfield sound of artists like Merle Haggard. A new generation of country artists emerged, influenced by contemporary rock music, singer-songwriters such as Bob Dylan, and the liberal politics of the 1960s counterculture.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jazz fusion", "paragraph_text": "Jazz fusion (also known as fusion) is a musical genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined aspects of jazz harmony and improvisation with styles such as funk, rock, rhythm and blues, and Latin jazz. During this time many jazz musicians began experimenting with electric instruments and amplified sound for the first time, as well as electronic effects and synthesizers. Many of the developments during the late 1960s and early 1970s have since become established elements of jazz fusion musical practice.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a77c3d55542995d831812af", "question_text": "Who was the head of the Imperial Family that was making an broadcast announcement of Japan's surrender in 1945?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Emperor of Japan"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Imperial House of Japan", "paragraph_text": "The Imperial House of Japan (\u7687\u5ba4 , k\u014dshitsu ) , also referred to as the Imperial Family, and the Yamato dynasty, comprises those members of the extended family of the reigning Emperor of Japan who undertake official and public duties. Under the present Constitution of Japan, the Emperor is \"the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people\". Other members of the imperial family perform ceremonial and social duties, but have no role in the affairs of government. The duties as an Emperor are passed down the line to their children and so on.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Emperor of Japan", "paragraph_text": "The Emperor of Japan is the head of the Imperial Family and the traditional head of state of Japan. According to the 1947 constitution, he is \"the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people.\" Historically, he is also the highest authority of the Shinto religion as he and his family are said to be the direct descendants of the sun-goddess Amaterasu, and his importance also lies in dealing with heavenly affairs, including Shinto ritual and rites throughout the nation.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "\u014cke", "paragraph_text": "The Kyu-Miyake (\u65e7\u5bae\u5bb6 , literally former Miyake ) , also known as the Old Imperial Family (\u65e7\u7687\u65cf), were branches of the Japanese Imperial Family created from branches of the Fushimi-no-miya house. All but one of the \"\u014dke\" were formed by the descendants of Prince Fushimi Kuniye. The \u014dke were stripped of their membership in the Imperial Family by the American Occupation Authorities in October 1947, as part of the abolition of collateral imperial houses. After that point, only the immediate family of Hirohito and those of his three brothers retained membership in the Imperial Family. However, unofficial heads of these collateral families still exist for most and are listed herein.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ky\u016bj\u014d incident", "paragraph_text": "The Ky\u016bj\u014d incident (\u5bae\u57ce\u4e8b\u4ef6 , Ky\u016bj\u014d Jiken ) was an attempted military coup d'\u00e9tat in Japan at the end of the Second World War. It happened on the night of 14\u201315 August 1945, just before the announcement of Japan's surrender to the Allies. The coup was attempted by the Staff Office of the Ministry of War of Japan and many from the Imperial Guard of Japan to stop the move to surrender.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Masahiko Takeshita", "paragraph_text": "Lt. Col. Masahiko Takeshita (\u7af9\u4e0b\u6b63\u5f66 , Takeshita Masahiko ) was the head of the domestic affairs section of the Military Affairs Bureau of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. In August 1945, he helped plan a \"coup\" along with Major Kenji Hatanaka and a handful of others , with the intent of preventing the Emperor's announcement of Japan's surrender from being broadcast.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni", "paragraph_text": "General Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni (\u6771\u4e45\u9087\u5bae\u7a14\u5f66\u738b , Higashikuni-no-miya Naruhiko \u014c , 3 December 1887 \u2013 20 January 1990) was a Japanese imperial prince, a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 30th Prime Minister of Japan from 17 August 1945 to 9 October 1945, a period of 54 days. An uncle-in-law of Emperor Hirohito twice over, Prince Higashikuni was the only member of the Japanese imperial family to head a cabinet and was the last general officer of the Imperial Japanese military to become Prime Minister. He was the founder of the Chiba Institute of Technology.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Prince Nashimoto Morimasa", "paragraph_text": "Prince Nashimoto Morimasa (\u68a8\u672c\u5bae\u5b88\u6b63\u738b , Nashimoto no miya Morimasa \u014d , 9 March 1874 \u2013 2 January 1951) was a member of the Japanese Imperial Family and a \"Gensui\" (Marshal-General) in the Imperial Japanese Army. An uncle-in-law of Emperor Sh\u014dwa, an uncle of his consort, Empress K\u014djun, and the father-in-law of Crown Prince Euimin of Korea, Prince Nashimoto was the only member of the Imperial Family arrested for war crimes during the American occupation of Japan following the Second World War.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Surrender of Japan", "paragraph_text": "The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was incapable of conducting major operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent. Together with the British Empire and China, the United States called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945\u2014the alternative being \"prompt and utter destruction\". While publicly stating their intent to fight on to the bitter end, Japan's leaders (the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War, also known as the \"Big Six\") were privately making entreaties to the still-neutral Soviet Union to mediate peace on terms more favorable to the Japanese. Meanwhile, the Soviets were preparing to attack Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea (in addition to South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands) in fulfillment of promises they had secretly made to the United States and the United Kingdom at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Victory over Japan Day", "paragraph_text": "Victory over Japan Day (also known as V-J Day, Victory in the Pacific Day, or V-P Day) is the day on which Imperial Japan surrendered in World War II, in effect ending the war. The term has been applied to both of the days on which the initial announcement of Japan's surrender was made \u2013 to the afternoon of August 15, 1945, in Japan, and, because of time zone differences, to August 14, 1945 (when it was announced in the United States and the rest of the Americas and Eastern Pacific Islands) \u2013 as well as to September 2, 1945, when the signing of the surrender document occurred, officially ending World War II.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Imperial House of France (First French Empire)", "paragraph_text": "The Imperial House of France during the First French Empire consisted of the family members of Napoleon, including the House of Bonaparte, who held imperial titles as Emperor, Empress, Imperial Prince or French Prince, and who were in the order of succession to the French imperial throne in accordance with the French constitution of 1804. According to Title III, Article 9 (\"The Imperial Family\"), \"the members of the imperial family in the order of succession, bear the title of Princes of France (\"princes fran\u00e7ais\")\" and \"the eldest son of the Emperor bears the title Prince Imperial (\"prince imp\u00e9rial\").\"", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7503945542996c70cfae76", "question_text": "Which Lithuanian-Canadian anthropologist, primatologist, conservationist, ethologist, and author was chosen by  Louis Leakey, along with Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey to study hominids in their natural environments?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Birut\u0117 Marija Filomena Galdikas"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong)", "paragraph_text": "The Jane Goodall Institute (Hong Kong) (), founded in 2002, was established as a local registered charity involved in the promotion of the well-being of the community, animals and environment. The Jane Goodall Institute Hong Kong is one of the Asian branches of the Jane Goodall Institute which was founded in 1977 in California by Jane Goodall and Genevieve, Princess di San Faustino. With its headquarters in the US, the Jane Goodall Institute is a worldwide non-profit organization with 17 overseas offices.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Birut\u0117 Galdikas", "paragraph_text": "Birut\u0117 Marija Filomena Galdikas, OC (born 10 May 1946), is a Lithuanian-Canadian anthropologist, primatologist, conservationist, ethologist, and author. She is currently a Professor at Simon Fraser University. Well known in the field of primatology, Galdikas is recognized as a leading authority on orangutans. Prior to her field study of orangutans, scientists knew little about the species.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Dawn Prince-Hughes", "paragraph_text": "Dawn Prince-Hughes (born January 31, 1964 in Carbondale, Illinois) is an American anthropologist, primatologist, and ethologist who received her M.A. and PhD in interdisciplinary anthropology from the Universit\u00e4t Herisau in Switzerland. In 2000 she was appointed an adjunct professor at Western Washington University. She is the executive chair of ApeNet Inc., has served as the executive director of the Institute for Cognitive Archaeological Research and is associated with the Jane Goodall Institute.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Woman in the Mists", "paragraph_text": "Woman in the Mists: The Story of Dian Fossey and the Mountain Gorillas of Africa is a 1987 biography of the conservationist Dian Fossey, who studied and lived among the mountain gorillas of Rwanda.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Richard Leakey", "paragraph_text": "Richard Erskine Frere Leakey FRS (born 19 December 1944) is a Kenyan paleoanthropologist, conservationist, and politician. He is second of the three sons of the archaeologists Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "The Trimates", "paragraph_text": "The Trimates, sometimes called Leakey's Angels, is a name given to three women \u2014 Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, and Birut\u0117 Galdikas \u2014 chosen by anthropologist Louis Leakey to study hominids in their natural environments. They studied chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans respectively.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jane Goodall", "paragraph_text": "Dame Jane Morris Goodall {'1': \", '2': \", '3': \", '4': \"} ( ; born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall, 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her over 55-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania in 1960. She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and the Roots & Shoots programme, and she has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues. She has served on the board of the Nonhuman Rights Project since its founding in 1996.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dian Fossey", "paragraph_text": "Dian Fossey ( ; January 16, 1932 \u2013 c. December 26, 1985) was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups over a period of 18 years. She studied them daily in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by anthropologist Louis Leakey. Her 1983 book, \"Gorillas in the Mist\", combines her scientific study of the gorillas at Karisoke Research Center with her own personal story. It was adapted into a 1988 film of the same name. Fossey was brutally murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Digit Fund", "paragraph_text": "The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (originally the Digit Fund) is a charity for the protection of endangered mountain gorillas. The Digit Fund was created by Dr. Dian Fossey in 1978 for the sole purpose of financing her anti-poaching patrols and preventing further poaching of the mountain gorillas. Fossey studied at her Karisoke Research Center in the Virunga Volcanoes of Rwanda. The non-profit fund was named in memory of Fossey's favourite gorilla, Digit, who was decapitated by poachers for the offer of US$20 by a Hutu merchant who specialized in selling gorilla heads as trophies and gorilla hands as ashtrays to tourists.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mountain Gorilla (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Mountain Gorilla is a 2010 three-part television series produced by the BBC Natural History Unit which features intimate footage of the last remaining wild population of the eponymous great ape. The BBC film-makers were granted access to habituated groups of mountain gorillas in their highland stronghold: Rwanda's Virunga National Park and Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. The cameras follow field scientists, veterinary teams and anti-poaching patrols for six months as they watch over the gorillas, providing medical care, protection and observations on their daily lives. The study of these apes was initiated by the primatologist Dian Fossey in the late 1960s.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8db2105542994ba4e3dd04", "question_text": "The Government Digital Service is overseen by the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, who is from which party?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Conservative"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Government Digital Service", "paragraph_text": "The Government Digital Service is a unit of the Her Majesty's Government's Cabinet Office tasked with transforming the provision of government digital services. It was formed in April 2011 to implement the 'Digital by Default' strategy proposed by a report produced for the Cabinet Office in 2010 called 'Directgov 2010 and beyond: revolution not evolution'. It is overseen by the Public Expenditure Executive (Efficiency & Reform) which is co-chaired by Minister for the Cabinet Office, Ben Gummer and the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, David Gauke. GDS is primarily based in the Whitechapel Building, London. Its Director General is Kevin Cunnington.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Nalini Netto", "paragraph_text": "Nalini Netto is a retired officer in the Indian Administrative Service and now she has been assigned as the Principal Secretary to the Chief Minister of Kerala. She was appointed as State Chief Secretary took the office on April 1, 2017, from incumbent S. M. Vijayanand, who vacated on March 31 on superannuation. She is the 42nd head and 4th women head of the state bureaucracy. Her cousin Girija Vaidyanathan is the current Chief Secretary of Tamilnadu and both Nalini, Girija and Vijanand were 1981 batch IAS officers. Before becoming the chief secretary she had been in the post of Chief electoral officer and home secretary. Nalini Netto was in news when she filed a case against the Transport minister Neelalohithadasan Nadar in 2000 when she was the Transport Secretary. Before this incident he was penalized for a similar case filed in by forsest office Prakriti Srivastava.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Chief Secretary for Administration", "paragraph_text": "The Chief Secretary for Administration (), commonly known as the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong, is the most senior principal official of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Chief Secretary is the head of the Government Secretariat which oversees the administration of the Region to which all other ministers belong, and is accountable for his or her policies and actions to the Chief Executive and to the Legislative Council. Under Article 53 of the Basic Law, Hong Kong's mini-constitution, the position is known as \"Administrative Secretary\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury", "paragraph_text": "The Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury is a junior ministerial post in the British Treasury, ranked below the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, the Paymaster General and the Financial Secretary to the Treasury, and alongside the Economic Secretary to the Treasury. It ranks at Parliamentary Secretary level and is not a Cabinet office. Unlike the other posts of Secretary to the Treasury, it is only used occasionally, normally when the post of Paymaster General is allocated to a Minister outside the Treasury.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "David Gauke", "paragraph_text": "David Michael Gauke ( ; born 8 October 1971) is a British Conservative Party politician and a solicitor. He has been the MP for South West Hertfordshire since 2005 and is the current Secretary of State for Work and Pensions.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury", "paragraph_text": "The Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury is a member of the Shadow Cabinet, and is the deputy to the Shadow Chancellor. The Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury acts as the primary opposition to the equivalent Governmental position, the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, who is deputy to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Currently the position of Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury is held by Peter Dowd of the Labour Party.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Denys Roberts", "paragraph_text": "Dato Seri Paduka Sir Denys Tudor Emil Roberts, KBE, SPMB, QC (Traditional Chinese: \u7f85\u5f3c\u6642\u7235\u58eb, 19 January 1921 \u2013 20 May 2013) was a British colonial official and judge. Joining the colonial civil service as a Crown Counsel in Nyasaland (now Malawi) in 1953, he became Attorney General of Gibraltar in 1960. In 1962, he was posted to Hong Kong as Solicitor-General, and was successively promoted to Attorney-General in 1966, Colonial Secretary/Chief Secretary in 1973 and Chief Justice in 1979. He was the first and only Attorney-General to become both Colonial Secretary (and Chief Secretary) in Hong Kong. Never having been a judge before, he was appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1979 and was the first and only Colonial Secretary (and Chief Secretary) of Hong Kong to receive such appointment.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Chief Secretary for Ireland", "paragraph_text": "The Chief Secretary for Ireland was a key political office in the British administration in Ireland. Nominally subordinate to the Lord Lieutenant, and officially the \"Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant\", from the early 19th century until the end of British rule he was effectively the government minister with responsibility for governing Ireland; usually it was the Chief Secretary, rather than the Lord Lieutenant, who sat in the British Cabinet. The Chief Secretary was \"ex officio\" President of the Local Government Board for Ireland from its creation in 1872.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Secretary to the Treasury", "paragraph_text": "In the United Kingdom, there are several Secretaries to the Treasury, who are Treasury ministers nominally acting as secretaries to HM Treasury. The origins of the office are unclear, although it probably originated during Lord Burghley's tenure as Lord Treasurer in the 16th century. The number of secretaries was expanded to two by 1714 at the latest. The Treasury ministers together discharge all the former functions of the Lord Treasurer, which are nowadays nominally vested in the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. Of the Commissioners, only the Second Lord of the Treasury, who is also the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is a Treasury minister (the others are the Prime Minister and the Government Whips). The Chancellor is the senior Treasury minister, followed by the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, who also attends Cabinet and has particular responsibilities for public expenditure. In order of seniority, the junior Treasury ministers are: the Financial Secretary to the Treasury; the Economic Secretary to the Treasury; the Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury; and the Commercial Secretary to the Treasury (Office currently not in use). One of the present-day secretaries, the Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury, formerly known as the 'Patronage Secretary', is not a Treasury minister but the Government Chief Whip in the House of Commons. The office can be seen as a sinecure, allowing the Chief Whip to draw a government salary, attend Cabinet, and use a Downing Street residence.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "GOV.UK Verify", "paragraph_text": "GOV.UK Verify is an identity assurance system developed by the UK Government Digital Service (GDS). The system is intended to provide a single trusted login across all UK government digital services, verifying the user\u2019s identity in 15 minutes. It allows users to choose one of several companies to verify their identity to a standard level of assurance before accessing 12 central government online services.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5adde6535542990dbb2f7ef9", "question_text": "Which documentary was filmed first, Almost Sunrise or Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Rock 'n' Roll Star", "paragraph_text": "\"Rock 'n' Roll Star\" is a song by English rock band Oasis. It is the opening track from their record breaking debut album, \"Definitely Maybe\". Like the majority of the band's songs from this era, it was written by lead guitarist Noel Gallagher. Noel said that \"Rock 'n' Roll Star\" was one of only three songs in which he wanted to say something: \"I've pretty much summed up everything I wanted to say in \"Rock 'n' Roll Star\", \"Live Forever\" and \"Cigarettes & Alcohol\", after that I'm repeating myself, but in a different way\". It became a fan favourite and was often played to close the band's gigs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Almost Sunrise", "paragraph_text": "Almost Sunrise is a 2016 American documentary film directed by Michael Collins. It recounts the story of two Iraq veterans, Tom Voss and Anthony Anderson, who, in an attempt to put their combat experience behind them, embark on a 2,700-mile trek on foot across America. It made its world premiere on the opening night of the Telluride Mountainfilm Festival on 27 May, 2016.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "It's Only Rock 'n Roll", "paragraph_text": "It's Only Rock 'n Roll is the 12th British and 14th American studio album by The Rolling Stones, released in 1974. It was the last Rolling Stones album for guitarist Mick Taylor and the songwriting and recording of the album's title track had a connection to Taylor's eventual replacement, Ronnie Wood. The album also marked the 10th anniversary since the release of the band's debut album, \"The Rolling Stones\". \"It's Only Rock 'n Roll\" has a firmer rock sound than the band's previous album, the more funk - and soul - inspired \"Goats Head Soup\". \"It's Only Rock 'n Roll\" reached #1 in the US and #2 in the UK.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Just... Fabulous Rock 'n' Roll", "paragraph_text": "Just... Fabulous Rock 'n' Roll is a studio album by Cliff Richard, released 11 November 2016. The album continues the rock 'n' roll theme of his previous studio album \"The Fabulous Rock 'n' Roll Songbook\". It comprises covers of 14 classic rock 'n' roll songs and one new song \"It's Better to Dream\". It features Elvis Presley in duet with Richard in \"Blue Suede Shoes\" and Peter Frampton on guitar in \"Dimples\". The album reached number 4 on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified Gold for sales over 100,000 in the UK.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "World Rock'n'Roll Confederation", "paragraph_text": "World Rock 'n' Roll Confederation (WRRC) was registered in 1984, although its history traces to 1974. It is an umbrella organization for national professional and amateur Rock and Roll dancesport federations. Its statute that it \"aims at promoting the physical training of its members by means of sporting activities in the form of Rock 'n' Roll dance tournaments, including the acrobatic variations (acrobatic rock 'n' roll) as well as Rock 'n' Roll and Boogie Woogie, Lindy Hop, Formation and alternative styles in line with the rules and sporting presentations\". The registered office is in Ljubljana, Slovenia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Rock 'n' Roll (John Lennon album)", "paragraph_text": "Rock 'n' Roll is the sixth studio album by John Lennon. Released in 1975, it is an album of late 1950s and early 1960s songs as covered by Lennon. Recording the album was problematic and spanned an entire year: Phil Spector produced sessions in October 1973 at A&M Studios, and Lennon produced sessions in October 1974 at Record Plant Studios (East). Lennon was being sued by Morris Levy over copyright infringement of one line in his song \"Come Together\". As part of an agreement, Lennon had to include three Levy-owned songs on \"Rock 'n' Roll\". Spector disappeared with the session recordings and was subsequently involved in a motor accident, leaving the album's tracks unrecoverable until the beginning of the \"Walls and Bridges\" sessions. With \"Walls and Bridges\" coming out first, featuring one Levy-owned song, Levy sued Lennon expecting to see Lennon's \"Rock 'n' Roll\" album.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll", "paragraph_text": "Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll is a 1987 documentary film directed by Taylor Hackford that chronicles two 1986 concerts celebrating rock and roll musician Chuck Berry's 60th birthday. A soundtrack album was released in October 1987 on the MCA label. The name comes from a line in the song School Days.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Feelin' Satisfied", "paragraph_text": "\"Feelin' Satisfied\" is a 1978 song written by Tom Scholz for the Boston band album \"Don't Look Back\". Paul Grein of \"Billboard\" described the song as \"an affectionate tribute to the power of music.\" The same magazine later described the song as an \"upbeat track which is totally rock 'n' roll,\" praising the \"clear singing\" and \"fresh sounds.\" Terry Hazlett of The \"Observer-Reporter\" described the song as an \"innocent little [ditty]\" which comes across like a \"rock 'n' roll anthem.\" . AXS contributor Bill Craig describes the lyrics as being about \"the wonders of rock music.\" Pete Bishop of \"The Pittsburgh Press\" claimed that it has \"an infectious happy feel.\" \"Ultimate Classic Rock\" critic Michael Gallucci described it as a \"simple\" song that, in common with many Boston songs, \"celebrates rock 'n' roll.\" Gallucci rated it Boston's 8th greatest song, particularly praising the effect from the hand claps during the refrain. Paul Elliott rated it their 7th greatest song, commenting on its \"sense of fun\" as Scholz lets go of some of his usual control.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "I Hate Rock 'n' Roll", "paragraph_text": "\"I Hate Rock 'n' Roll\" is a song by the Scottish alternative rock group The Jesus and Mary Chain. It was the first single from the band's compilation album, \"Hate Rock 'n' Roll\". It was released together with 3 other tracks by Blanco y Negro Records in June 1995 and reached #61 in the UK single charts. This release was the last release for the band on this label. The 10\" format was numbered and limited to 5000 copies. The reworked version of the track, which was dubbed as \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" was also included on the group's last album \"Munki\", released in 1998.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Rock 'n' Roll Circus", "paragraph_text": "Rock 'n' Roll Circus is the eleventh studio album by Japanese recording artist Ayumi Hamasaki. It was released on April 14, 2010, by Avex Trax. It was also released just a little over a year after her 2009 album, \"Next Level\". \"Rock 'n' Roll Circus\" marks Hamasaki's eleventh consecutive album to be fully produced by Japanese producer and manager Max Matsuura, while she contributes to the album as the lead vocalist, background vocalist, and songwriter to all songs. Recorded in Japanese with minor phrases in English, \"Rock 'n' Roll Circus\" is a rock album with numerous musical elements such as electropop, J-pop, rock, pop ballad, and dance music.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7323ef5542994cef4bc477", "question_text": "Which battle took place first out of the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River and the Battle of Tarawa?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Battle of Tarawa"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Battle of Clitheroe", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Clitheroe was a battle between a force of Scots and English knights and men at arms which took place on 10 June 1138 during the period of The Anarchy. The battle was fought on the southern edge of the Bowland Fells, at Clitheroe, Lancashire. It took place in the course of an invasion of England by King David I of Scotland. In the summer of 1138, King David split his army into two forces. One of them, commanded by William fitz Duncan, Mormaer of Moray, marched into Lancashire. There he harried Furness and Craven. On 10 June, William fitz Duncan was met by a force of knights and men-at-arms. A pitched battle took place and the result was that the English army was routed. The battle was a prelude to the Battle of the Standard later in the summer, where the result was reversed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Battle of Kuwait International Airport", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Kuwait International Airport occurred on February 27, 1991 during the 1st Gulf War. It was a tank battle between the United States and Ba'athist Iraq. Despite being a very large battle it is often overlooked compared to the other battles which took place during the war. No less than elements of 18 divisions total participated in this battle. U.S. Army Special Forces units and multiple Iraqi Commando units were also in theatre. In reality the battle took place over a span of three days despite the primary battle at Kuwait International Airport lasting only one day. Much of the combat actually took place en route to the airport. The battle featured the \"Reveille Engagement\" which went on to become the biggest and fastest tank battle in United States Marine Corps' entire history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Battle of Tarawa", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Tarawa was a battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that was fought on 20\u201323 November 1943. It took place at the Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands, and was part of Operation Galvanic, the U.S. invasion of the Gilberts. Nearly 6,400 Japanese, Koreans, and Americans died in the fighting, mostly on and around the small island of Betio, in the extreme southwest of Tarawa Atoll.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Battle of Wawon", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Wawon (Turkish: \"Kunuri Muharebeleri\" ), also known as the Battle of Wayuan (), was a series of delay actions of the Korean War that took place from November 27\u201329, 1950 near Wawon in present-day North Korea. After the collapse of the US Eighth Army's right flank during the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, the Chinese 38th Corps advanced rapidly towards the critical road junction at Kunu-ri in an effort to cut off United Nations forces' retreat route. In what was considered to be Turkey's first real combat action since the aftermath of World War I, the Turkish Brigade attempted to delay the Chinese advances at Wawon. Although during the battle the Turkish Brigade was crippled after being encircled by Chinese forces with superior numbers, they were still be able to breach the Chinese trap and rejoin the US 2nd Infantry Division.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Battle of the Allia", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Allia was fought between the Senones (one of the Gallic tribes which had invaded northern Italy) and the Romans. It was fought at the confluence of the rivers Tiber and Allia, eleven Roman miles (16\u00a0km) north of Rome. The Romans were routed and subsequently the Senones sacked Rome. The common date given for the battle is 390 BC. This is based on the account of the battle by the Roman historian Livy and the Varronian Chronology, a Roman dating system. The ancient Greek historian Polybius, who used a Greek dating system, derived the date 387/6 BC. Plutarch wrote that the battle took place just after the summer solstice when the moon was near the full, a little more than three hundred and sixty years from the foundation of Rome. That would be shortly after 393 BC. Tacitus said that the battle took place the 15 before the Kalends of August, which is 18 July.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Battle of Berestechko", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Berestechko (Polish: \"Bitwa pod Beresteczkiem\" ; Ukrainian: \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0411\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c ) was fought between the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, aided by their Crimean Tatar allies, and a Polish army under King John II Casimir. It was a battle of a Cossack rebellion in Ukraine that took place in the years 1648\u20131657 after the expiration of a two-year truce. Fought from 28 to 30 June 1651, the battle took place in the province of Volhynia, on the hilly plain south of the Styr River. The Polish camp was on the river opposite Berestechko and faced south, towards the Cossack army about two kilometers away, whose right flank was against the River Pliashivka (Pliashova) and the Tatar army on their left flank. It was probably the largest European land battle of the 17th century.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, also known as the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on () or the Second Phase Campaign Western Sector (), was a decisive battle in the Korean War, and it took place from November 25 to December 2, 1950, along the Ch'ongch'on River Valley in the northwestern part of North Korea. In response to the successful Chinese First Phase Campaign against the United Nations forces, General Douglas MacArthur launched the Home-by-Christmas Offensive to evict the Chinese forces from Korea and to end the war. Anticipating this reaction, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army Commander Peng Dehuai planned a counteroffensive, dubbed the \"Second Phase Campaign\", against the advancing UN forces.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Battle of Dalrigh", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dalrigh, also known as the Battle of Dail Righ, Battle of Dalry or Battle of Strathfillan, was fought in the summer of 1306 between the army of King Robert I of Scotland against the Clan MacDougall of Argyll who were allies of Clan Comyn and the English. It took place at the hamlet of Dalrigh (the \"King's Field\" in the Scottish Gaelic language) near Tyndrum in Perthshire, Scotland (not to be confused with Dalry, Ayrshire). Bruce's army, reeling westwards after defeat by the English at the Battle of Methven, was intercepted and all but destroyed, with Bruce himself narrowly escaping capture. The battle took place sometime between late July and early August, but the exact date is unknown.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Battle of Ticinus", "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Ticinus was a battle of the Second Punic War fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio in November 218 BC. The battle took place in the flat country of Pavia county on the right bank of the Ticino River, not far north from its confluence (from the north) with the Po River. The battle is named from the river, not the nearby contemporaneous settlement of Ticinum (today's Pavia). Although the precise location is not known, it is generally accepted that a settlement known today as Vigevano is mentioned in Livy's text and that Scipio's camp was to the south at Gambolo, whose coordinates are given on the map. The conflict would have been west of there. It was the first battle of the war against the Romans that was fought on Italian soil and the first battle of the war to employ legion-sized forces. Its loss by the Romans, and the temporary disablement of Scipio's command, set the stage for the Roman disaster at the Battle of Trebbia in December.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Third Battle of Seoul", "paragraph_text": "The Third Battle of Seoul, also known as the Chinese New Year's Offensive, the January\u2013Fourth Retreat (Korean: 1\u20224 \ud6c4\ud1f4 ) or the Third Phase Campaign Western Sector (), was a battle of the Korean War, which took place from December 31, 1950 to January 7, 1951 around the South Korean capital of Seoul. In the aftermath of the major Chinese victory at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, the United Nations Command started to contemplate the possibility of evacuation from the Korean Peninsula. Upon learning of this development, China's Chairman Mao Zedong ordered the Chinese People's Volunteer Army to cross the 38th parallel in an effort to pressure the United Nations forces to withdraw from South Korea.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7c8e7955429935c91b521a", "question_text": "Back Home is a children's historical novel adapted into a TV drama starring what English actress born in 1946?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Hayley Catherine Rose Vivien Mills"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jamil Fakhri", "paragraph_text": "Jamil Fakhri (1946\u20132011) was a veteran Pakistani film, TV and stage artist. He gained high popularity from Pakistan Television Corporation's TV drama serial Andhera Ujala in (1984-1985) season by playing the character Jaffer Hussain (police inspector). In TV drama Andhera Ujala, a high-ranking police officer Qavi Khan and his team of low and middle rank members of police fight crime in their locality in very humorous situations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hayley Mills", "paragraph_text": "Hayley Catherine Rose Vivien Mills (born 18 April 1946) is an English actress. The daughter of Sir John Mills and Mary Hayley Bell, and younger sister of actress Juliet Mills, Mills began her acting career as a child and was hailed as a promising newcomer, winning the BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer for her performance in the British crime drama film \"Tiger Bay\" (1959), the Academy Juvenile Award for Disney's \"Pollyanna\" (1960) and Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year\u00a0\u2013 Actress in 1961. During her early career, she appeared in six films for Walt Disney, including her dual role as twins Susan and Sharon in the Disney film \"The Parent Trap\" (1961). Her performance in \"Whistle Down the Wind\" (a 1961 adaptation of the novel written by her mother) saw Mills nominated for BAFTA Award for Best British Actress.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Midnight Sun (2006 film)", "paragraph_text": "Song to the Sun, known in Japan as Taiy\u014d no Uta (\u30bf\u30a4\u30e8\u30a6\u306e\u3046\u305f , Song of the Sun ) , is a movie directed by Norihiro Koizumi starring the Japanese artist and singer Yui. In the movie, she plays the role of Kaoru Amane (\u96e8\u97f3 \u85ab \"Amane Kaoru\"), a 16-year-old girl who has the rare skin condition xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a disease that makes the ultraviolet radiation of sunlight potentially lethal to her. Yui's character is partly based on herself, as she is a singer and guitarist, and she performs three of Yui's songs in the movie; \"It's Happy Line\", \"Good-bye Days\" and \"Skyline\". There has been a 2006 Japanese TV drama starring Takayuki Yamada and Erika Sawajiri, a manga by Band\u014d Kenji and Minatsuki Tsunami, a 2015 Vietnamese / Japanese drama, and a 2017 American remake, all based on the movie.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Richard Armitage (actor)", "paragraph_text": "Richard Crispin Armitage (born 22 August 1971) is an English film, television, theatre and voice actor. He received notice in the UK with his first leading role as John Thornton in the British television programme \"North & South\" (2004). But it was his role as dwarf prince and leader Thorin Oakenshield in Peter Jackson's film trilogy adaptation of \"The Hobbit\" that first brought him international recognition. Other notable roles include John Proctor in Ya\u00ebl Farber\u2019s stage production of Arthur Miller's \"The Crucible\", Francis Dolarhyde in the American TV series \"Hannibal\", Lucas North in the British TV drama \"Spooks\", John Porter in the British TV drama \"Strike Back\", and Guy of Gisborne in the British TV drama \"Robin Hood\". He more recently voiced Trevor Belmont in the Netflix adaptation of \"Castlevania\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Back Home (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Back Home is a children's historical novel by Michelle Magorian, first published in 1984. The novel was adapted into a TV drama, \"Back Home\" (1990), starring Hayley Mills and Haley Carr, and again in 2001 starring Sarah Lancashire, Stephanie Cole and Jessica Fox.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Lucan (TV series)", "paragraph_text": "Lucan was a TV drama starring Kevin Brophy that aired on ABC from 1977 to 1978. The series was based on an earlier May 22, 1977 made-for-TV movie of the same name directed by David Greene starring John Randolph and Kevin Brophy, along with Stockard Channing, Ned Beatty and Lou Frizzell.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Diane Keen", "paragraph_text": "Diane Keen (born 29 July 1946) is an English actress, who starred in the British TV drama \"Doctors\" in which she played Julia Parsons from 2003-2012. She is also known for starring in the 1970s comedy series \"The Cuckoo Waltz\" and \"Rings on Their Fingers\", and for her many appearances in Nescaf\u00e9 coffee advertisements during the 1970s and 1980s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Liz White (actress)", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth White (born 5 November 1979) is an English actress born in Rotherham, South Yorkshire. She is best known for her role as Annie Cartwright in the two series of the BBC speculative fiction drama \"Life on Mars\", which was originally transmitted in 2006 and 2007. She was trained at the Liverpool Institute of Performing Arts, appearing in the 2003 TV series \"Teachers\" and the 2004 Mike Leigh's film \"Vera Drake\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Strumpet City", "paragraph_text": "Strumpet City is a 1969 historical novel by James Plunkett set in Dublin, Ireland, around the time of the 1913 Dublin Lock-out. In 1980, it was adapted into a successful TV drama by Hugh Leonard for RT\u00c9, Ireland's national broadcaster. The novel is an epic, tracing the lives of a dozen characters as they are swept up in the tumultuous events that affected Dublin between 1907 and 1914.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Michelle Magorian", "paragraph_text": "Michelle Magorian (born 6 November 1947) is an English author of children's books. She is best known for her first novel, \"Goodnight Mister Tom\", which won the 1982 Guardian Prize for British children's books and has been adapted several times for screen or stage. Two other well-known works are \"Back Home\" and \"A Little Love Song\". She now resides in Petersfield, Hampshire, with her two children Tom and George.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae554ce55429960a22e02b7", "question_text": " \"I Will Not Say Goodbye\" is a song written in part by a music artist who first gained national attention as a winner of what talent competition?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["You Can Be a Star"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "We'll Never Have to Say Goodbye Again", "paragraph_text": "\"We'll Never Have to Say Goodbye Again\" is a song by Jeffrey Comanor from the album \"A Rumor in His Own Time\", which debuted in September 1976. Written by Comanor, the song describes a couple who spend a night together, one which the narrator wishes would \"never end\". Both the song, which Epic Records released as a single, and album failed to chart. Discovered four months later by Arista Records President Clive Davis, \"We'll Never Have to Say Goodbye Again\" was covered by soft rock duo Deardorff & Joseph for their eponymous debut album, released on Arista. After Deardorff & Joseph disbanded, Marcia Day, who managed Maureen McGovern, became the manager of Deardorff, while Susan Joseph, who managed England Dan & John Ford Coley, became the manager of Joseph. Both McGovern and England Dan & John Ford Coley released covers of \"We'll Never Have to Say Goodbye Again\" in February 1978; while McGovern's failed to chart, Dan & Coley's spent six weeks at number one on the \"Billboard\" US Easy Listening chart, reached number two on the \"RPM\" Canada Adult Contemporary chart, and went to numbers nine and eleven on the magazines' respective overall charts.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Never Say Goodbye (Bon Jovi song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Never Say Goodbye\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi, written by Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora. It was a track off the band's third album, \"Slippery When Wet\", in June 1987, and reached number 11 on the mainstream rock charts and number 21 in the UK Singles Chart. Because it was not released domestically as a commercially available single, \"Never Say Goodbye\" was ineligible to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100; nevertheless, it reached number 28 on the Hot 100 Airplay survey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "I Will Not Say Goodbye", "paragraph_text": "\"I Will Not Say Goodbye\" is a song written by Lari White, Chuck Cannon and Vicky McGehee, and recorded by \"American Idol\" season 8 finalist Danny Gokey. It was released in June 2010 as the second single from his debut album \"My Best Days\", which was released on March 2, 2010 via RCA Nashville.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Lari White", "paragraph_text": "Lari Michele White ( ; born May 13, 1965) is an American country music artist and actress. She first gained national attention in 1988 as a winner on \"You Can Be a Star\", a talent competition which aired on The Nashville Network. A recording contract with RCA Records Nashville followed a year later, producing three studio albums, a greatest hits package, and several chart singles, with three of her singles having reached Top Ten: \"That's My Baby\" and \"That's How You Know (When You're In Love)\" at No.\u00a010, and \"Now I Know\" at No.\u00a05. A fourth studio album was released in 1998 on Lyric Street Records, followed by two more releases on White's own label, Skinny White Girl. Overall, White has charted 12 times on the \"Billboard\" country music charts.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Billy Dean", "paragraph_text": "William Harold Dean Jr. (born April 2, 1962) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Billy Dean first gained national attention after appearing on the television talent competition \"Star Search\". Active as a recording artist since 1990, he has recorded a total of eight studio albums (of which the first three have been certified gold by the RIAA) and a greatest hits package which is also certified gold. His studio albums have accounted for more than 20 hit singles on the \"Billboard\" country charts, including 11 Top Ten hits. In 2000, he had a Billboard Number one as a guest artist along with Allison Kraus on Kenny Rogers' \"Buy Me a Rose\", and had two Number Ones on the \"RPM\" country charts in Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Song to Say Goodbye", "paragraph_text": "\"Song to Say Goodbye\" is the second single from Placebo's fifth studio album, \"Meds\". It was produced by Dimitri Tikovoi. The first single, \"Because I Want You\" was only released in the United Kingdom, so elsewhere, \"Song to Say Goodbye\" is considered the first single from \"Meds\". The song develops around piano notes that repeat throughout it. The song deals with heroin addiction and its influence on the relationships of the parties involved.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "She Even Woke Me Up to Say Goodbye", "paragraph_text": "\"She Even Woke Me Up to Say Goodbye\" is a song written by Doug Gilmore and Mickey Newbury, and recorded by American country music artist Jerry Lee Lewis. Released in September 1969, it was the first single from his album \"She Even Woke Me Up to Say Goodbye\". The song peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Phil Stacey", "paragraph_text": "Joel Philip Stacey (born January 21, 1978) is an American singer who first gained national attention on season 6 of the television talent show \"American Idol\". After being eliminated from the competition on May 2, 2007, he was signed to a recording contract with Lyric Street Records. His debut single, \"If You Didn't Love Me\", was released to radio in early 2008 as the lead-off to his self-titled debut album, which was issued April 29, 2008 on Lyric Street. Stacey's second album, \"Into the Light\", was released on August 25, 2009 via Reunion Records.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday", "paragraph_text": "\"It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday\" is an R&B song written by Motown husband-and-wife songwriting team Freddie Perren and Christine Yarian for the 1975 film \"Cooley High\". In the film, the song is performed by Motown artist G.C. Cameron, whose rendition peaked at number 38 on the \"Billboard\" R&B singles chart that same year. Perren also composed the instrumental score for \"Cooley High\", and the B-side to \"It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday\" features two of his score compositions from the film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Don't Say Goodbye (Paulina Rubio song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Say Goodbye\" is a song by Mexican recording artist Paulina Rubio, from her sixth studio album \"Border Girl\" (2002). It was written by Cheryl Yie and Joshua 'Gen' Rubin and was produced and arranged by Gen Rubin himself. \"Don't Say Goodbye\" was released as the album's first single by Universal Records on April 30, 2002.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5add78bf5542992ae4cec57b", "question_text": "In between Thomas Anders and Micky Dolenz, who was the a vocalist of the Monkees?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["George Michael Dolenz"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Saturday's Child", "paragraph_text": "\"Saturday's Child\" is a popular song, written by David Gates and performed by The Monkees. The song is an electric guitar\u2013based rock song. The song is now widely regarded as one of their best album tracks, with AMG critic Matthew Greenwald saying that it has a \"proto-heavy metal guitar riff\" and it is \"one of the more interesting curios of the early Monkees catalog\". The song still gets regular play on Oldies radio stations and has also been covered by several artists. The song is also featured on several \"greatest hits\" albums by The Monkees. The song was originally the second track on their self-titled debut album \"The Monkees\" with Micky Dolenz on lead vocals. The promotional video, which aired during the 26 September 1966 \"Monkee vs. Machine\" television show, features The Monkees playing around on the beach and having fun with five children (at any one time), in a dune buggy, on a swing set, on slides, on a jungle gym, on a horse, on unicycles, and on Honda Super Cub motorcycles, and hamming it up driving the Monkeemobile around Southern California.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Tear Drop City", "paragraph_text": "Tear Drop City is a single by The Monkees released on February 8, 1969 on Colgems #5000 recorded on October 26, 1966. The song reached No. 56 on the Billboard chart. The lyrics are about a man who feels low because his girlfriend has left him. Written by Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart, it was the first single The Monkees released as a trio (Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith, and Davy Jones; Peter Tork departed December 1968). Micky Dolenz performed the lead vocal. Boyce and Hart produced and arranged the song.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Micky Dolenz", "paragraph_text": "George Michael Dolenz, Jr. (born March 8, 1945) is an American actor, musician, television director, radio personality and theater director, best known as a vocalist and drummer of the 1960s pop/rock band the Monkees.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dolenz, Jones, Boyce &amp; Hart", "paragraph_text": "Dolenz, Jones, Boyce & Hart is an album by the group of the same name, released in 1976. The group consisted of Micky Dolenz, Davy Jones, Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart. Dolenz and Jones had been members of 1960s pop group/band The Monkees while Boyce and Hart had written many of the group's biggest hits such as \"Last Train to Clarksville\" and \"(Theme from) The Monkees\". As such, several publications, such as Allmusic, consider the album to be a Monkees-reunion album. Most of the musicians that appear on this album were featured on Monkees albums in the past. A majority of the vocals are done by Dolenz and Jones (\"Right Now\", \"I Remember The Feeling\", \"You And I\") with Boyce And Hart contributing backing vocals and the occasional lead vocal such as Hart's on \"I Love You [And I'm Glad That I Said It]\". Although the album failed to make much of an impact when originally released, renewal of interest in The Monkees led to its reissue on compact disc years later. The group was called Dolenz, Jones, Boyce & Hart because they were legally prohibited from using The Monkees name. Former Monkees members Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork were also invited to join the group, but they both declined. Peter Tork joined 'Dolenz, Jones, Boyce, & Hart' onstage for a guest appearance on their concert tour on July 4, 1976 in Disneyland. Later that year he reunited with Jones and Dolenz in the studio for the recording of the single \"Christmas is My Time of the Year\" b/w \"White Christmas\", which saw a limited release for fan club members that holiday season.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "(Theme From) The Monkees", "paragraph_text": "\"(Theme from) \"The Monkees\"\" is a 1966 popular song, written by Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart as the theme song for the TV series \"The Monkees\". Two versions were recorded - one for their first album \"The Monkees\" and a second shorter version designed to open the television show. Both versions feature vocals by Micky Dolenz. The full length version was released as a single in several countries including Australia, where it became a hit, reaching #8. It also made \"Billboard Magazine\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s \"Hits of the World\" chart in both Mexico and Japan, reaching the Top 20 in Japan and the Top 10 in Mexico (#2 Jun.17, 1967). It is still played on many oldies radio stations. An Italian version of the song was featured on a Monkees compilation album. Ray Stevens did a version of the Monkees Theme song on his 1985 album \"He Thinks He's Ray Stevens\" featuring a male German group of singers, Wolfgang and Fritzy, that are arguing during the refrain of the song. (\"Hey Hey Bist Du Monkees\".)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Thomas Anders", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Anders (born Bernd Weidung, 1 March 1963) is a German singer, composer, and record producer. Anders was the lead singer of Germany's popular pop-duo Modern Talking in 1983\u20131987 and in 1998\u20132003.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Last Train to Clarksville", "paragraph_text": "\"Last Train to Clarksville\" was the debut single by The Monkees. It was released August 16, 1966 and later included on the group's 1966 self-titled album, which was released on October 10, 1966. The song, written by Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart was recorded at RCA Victor Studio B in Hollywood on July 25, 1966 and was already on the Boss Hit Bounds on 17 August 1966. The song topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on November 5, 1966. Lead vocals were performed by The Monkees' drummer Micky Dolenz. \"Last Train to Clarksville\" was featured in seven episodes of the Monkees TV show; the most for any Monkees song.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Randy Scouse Git", "paragraph_text": "\"Randy Scouse Git\" is a song written by Micky Dolenz in 1967 and recorded by The Monkees. It was the first song written by Dolenz to be commercially released, and became a #2 hit in the UK where it was retitled \"Alternate Title\" after the record company (RCA) complained that the original title was actually somewhat \"taboo to the British audience\". Dolenz took the song's title from a phrase he had heard spoken on an episode of the British television series \"Till Death Us Do Part\", which he had watched while in England. The song also appeared on \"The Monkees\" TV series, on their album \"Headquarters,\" and on several \"Greatest Hits\" albums. Peter Tork has said that it is one of his favorite Monkees tracks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Oh My My (The Monkees song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Oh My My\" is a song by The Monkees, released on April 1, 1970 on Colgems single #5011. It was the final single released during their original 1966-70 run. The song was written by Jeff Barry and Andy Kim and recorded February 5, 1970. It made it to #98 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, their last entry until 1986. The B-side was \"I Love You Better\", also written by Barry and Kim. By now, The Monkees were a duo consisting of Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones, and both sides of the single were sung by Dolenz. Both songs are from \"Changes\", The Monkees' final studio album until 1987's \"Pool It! \" which was followed by \"Good Times\" in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Janelle Johnson", "paragraph_text": "Janelle Johnson (December 2, 1923 - December 2, 1995) was a film actress of the 1940s. She married actor George Dolenz (1908\u201363) and was the mother of Micky Dolenz of the 1960s pop group the Monkees. Her English daughter-in-law was Samantha Juste, co-host of BBC television's \"Top of the Pops\" in its early days. Her granddaughter, Ami Dolenz, also became a film actress.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae1408a5542997b2ef7d17c", "question_text": "Which is a university in Pennsylvania, University of New Haven or Carnegie Mellon University?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Carnegie Mellon University"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jeff Friedman", "paragraph_text": "Jeff Friedman is an American poet and professor. He is the author of five books of poetry, \"Black Threads\", (Carnegie Mellon University Press, 2007), \"Taking Down the Angel\" (Carnegie Mellon University Press, 2003), \"Scattering the Ashes\" (selected in the open competition for the Carnegie Mellon University Press Poetry Series, 1998) and \"The Record-Breaking Heat Wave\" (BkMk Press-University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1986). His fifth book, \"Working in Flour\" is coming out soon on Carnegie Mellon University Press.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "University of New Haven", "paragraph_text": "The University of New Haven (UNH) is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational university located in West Haven, Connecticut, which borders the larger city of New Haven and Long Island Sound. U.S. News & World Report has named the University the 100th best university in the northeastern United States as well as in the top tier of engineering programs nationwide in its annual \"America's Best Colleges\" rankings. Between its main campus in West Haven and its graduate school campus in Orange, Connecticut, the University is situated on approximately 122 acres of land. Combining a liberal arts education with professional training, the University comprises six degree-granting colleges: the College of Arts and Sciences, the Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts, the College of Business, the Tagliatela College of Engineering, the Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, and the College of Lifelong & eLearning for adult and online students.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Gloriana St. Clair", "paragraph_text": "Gloriana St. Clair (born 1939) is a pioneer in the field of academic librarianship, as well as a scholar of Norse Mythology and its relationship to the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. She is currently the Principal Investigator of the Olive Executable Archive as well as the official University Liaison to the Pittsburgh chapter of the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. She is Dean Emerita of Carnegie Mellon University Libraries (1998-2013). Before coming to Carnegie Mellon, St. Clair held leadership positions at several other universities. St. Clair attended the University of California, Berkeley, receiving a bachelor's degree in English in 1962 and a master's degree in library science in 1963.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mellon College of Science", "paragraph_text": "The Mellon College of Science (MCS) at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA houses the Chemistry, Mathematical Sciences, Physics, and Biological Sciences departments. In addition, it oversees several interdisciplinary research centers. MCS also awards the Dickson Prize in Science. The college is named for the Mellon family, founders of the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, a predecessor of Carnegie Mellon University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Venkatesan Guruswami", "paragraph_text": "Venkatesan Guruswami (born 1976) is a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, United States. He did his schooling at Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan in Chennai, India. He completed his undergraduate in Computer Science from IIT Madras and his doctorate from Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the supervision of Madhu Sudan in 2001 . After receiving his PhD, he spent a year at UC Berkeley as a Miller Fellow, and then was a member of the faculty at the University of Washington from 2002 to 2009. His primary area of research is computer science, and in particular on error-correcting codes. Following 2007, he was on leave from University of Washington. During 2007-2008, he visited the Institute for Advanced Study as a Member of School of Mathematics. He also visited SCS at Carnegie Mellon University during 2008-09 as a Visiting Faculty. In July 2009, he joined the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University as Associate Professor in the Computer Science Department.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar", "paragraph_text": "Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631), is one of the branch campuses of Carnegie Mellon University, located in Doha, Qatar. It is Carnegie Mellon's first undergraduate branch campus, is a member of the Qatar Foundation, and began graduating students in May 2008.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Dzvinia Orlowsky", "paragraph_text": "Dzvinia Orlowsky is a Ukrainian American poet, translator, editor, and professor. She is author of five poetry collections including \"Convertible Night, Flurry of Stones\" (Carnegie Mellon University Press, 2009) and her most recent, \"Silvertone \"(Carnegie Mellon University Press, 2013)\" .\" She is co-winner of the Sheila Motton Book Award. Her first collection, \"A Handful of Bees\", was reprinted in 2009 as a Carnegie Mellon University Classic Contemporary.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Lori L. Holt", "paragraph_text": "Lori L. Holt is a Professor of Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. She specializes in speech perception, focusing on how general perceptual and cognitive mechanisms contribute to speech perception and how speech can be used to broadly understand auditory cognition. In pursuit of these research areas, she employs human perceptual and learning paradigms as well as animal behavioral experiments and computational models. Holt received a B.S. in psychology from the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison in 1995 and a Ph.D. in cognitive psychology with a minor in neurophysiology from UW\u2013Madison in 1999, and she has been employed at Carnegie Mellon University and has been a member of the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition ever since. Holt is the director of the Speech Perception & Learning Laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University. She was one of two recipients of the Troland Research Awards in 2013.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Carnegie Mellon University", "paragraph_text": "Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Mellon or CMU or ) is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "CUPS (CMU)", "paragraph_text": "The Carnegie Mellon University Usable Privacy and Security Laboratory (CUPS) was established in the Spring of 2004 to bring together Carnegie Mellon University researchers working on a diverse set of projects related to understanding and improving the usability of privacy and security software and systems. The privacy and security research community has become increasingly aware that usability problems severely impact the effectiveness of mechanisms designed to provide security and privacy in software systems. Indeed, one of the four grand research challenges in information security and assurance identified by the Computing Research Association in 2003 is: \"Give end-users security controls they can understand and privacy they can control for the dynamic, pervasive computing environments of the future.\" This is the challenge that CUPS strives to address. CUPS is affiliated with Carnegie Mellon CyLab and has members from the Engineering and Public Policy Department, the School of Computer Science, the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, the Heinz College, and the Department of Social and Decision Sciences.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae76c235542991e8301cc97", "question_text": "Matt Doheny lost his primary race to what current youngest woman ever elected to Congress?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Elise Stefanik"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jaye Radisich", "paragraph_text": "Jaye Amber Radisich (29 March 1976\u00a0\u2013 17 March 2012) was an Australian politician. She was an Australian Labor Party member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2008, representing the electorate of Swan Hills. Radisich was the youngest woman ever to be elected to the Western Australian parliament.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Matt Doheny", "paragraph_text": "Matt Doheny is an American businessman, lawyer, and politician. He was a Republican candidate for the United States Congress in New York State in 2010 and 2012, losing narrowly on both occasions to Democrat Bill Owens. In 2014, he ran in the Republican primary for New York's 21st congressional district. Doheny lost the primary to Elise Stefanik, who subsequently went on to win the general election.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Esto Bates Broughton", "paragraph_text": "Esto Bates Broughton (January 9, 1890 \u2013 November 20, 1956) was an American lawyer, journalist, publicist, and politician, one of the first four women to serve in the California State Assembly when they were elected in 1918. Broughton, who was sworn into office at age 29, was also the youngest woman ever to serve in the California legislature, until her record was broken in 2002.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Paula Hawkins", "paragraph_text": "Paula Fickes Hawkins (January 24, 1927 \u2013 December 4, 2009) was an American politician from Florida. To date, she is the only woman elected to the U.S. Senate from Florida. She was the second woman ever elected to the Senate from the South and the first in the country ever elected to a full Senate term without a family connection.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Sarah Hanson-Young", "paragraph_text": "Sarah Coral Hanson-Young (n\u00e9e Hanson; born 23 December 1981) is an Australian politician who has been a Senator for South Australia since July 2008, representing the Australian Greens. She is the youngest woman ever to sit in federal parliament, winning election at the age of 25 and taking office at the age of 26. She is also the youngest person ever elected to the Senate (several others have been appointed at younger ages).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Caroline Casagrande", "paragraph_text": "Caroline Casagrande (born November 21, 1976) is an American Republican Party politician, who has served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 11th Legislative District from January 10, 2012 to January 12, 2016. Prior to the 2011 legislative redistricting, she served in the Assembly from January 8, 2008 representing the 12th District. She is the youngest woman assembly member ever elected in New Jersey. She was defeated for re-election in 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Blanche Lincoln", "paragraph_text": "Blanche Meyers Lambert Lincoln (born September 30, 1960) is a former U.S. Senator from Arkansas who served from 1999 to 2011. Lincoln, a member of the Democratic Party, was first elected to the Senate in 1998; she was the first woman elected to the Senate from Arkansas since Hattie Caraway in 1932 and, at age 38, was the youngest woman ever elected to the Senate. She previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing 2=nd", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Louise Pratt", "paragraph_text": "Louise Clare Pratt (born 18 April 1972) is an Australian politician. She was a Labor member of the Australian Senate from July 2008 until June 2014, representing the state of Western Australia, and returned to the Senate after the 2016 election. She had been assured of election at the 2007 federal election after winning the first position on the Labor ticket, defeating incumbent Senator Ruth Webber in a preselection contest. Pratt previously served as a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 2001 to 2007. She was the youngest woman ever elected to the Legislative Council at the time of her election, the second open lesbian to be elected to an Australian parliament, and was the first to have a transgender man as a partner.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Elise Stefanik", "paragraph_text": "Elise Marie Stefanik (born July 2, 1984) is an American politician from the state of New York. She is a member of the Republican Party and a member of the United States House of Representatives in New York 's 21 congressional district . She is the youngest woman ever elected to Congress, elected in 2014 at age 30.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Roslyn Dundas", "paragraph_text": "Roslyn Dundas (born 28 July 1978) is a former Australian politician. She was an Australian Democrats member of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2004, when she was defeated in a bid for re-election. Until Kelly Vincent's election to the South Australian Legislative Council in 2010, Dundas was the youngest woman ever elected to an Australian parliament.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a89fb525542993b751ca9d6", "question_text": "Which composer created Night Ferry first performed in 2012 at Symphony Center in Chicago?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Anna Clyne"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Symphony No. 5 (Rouse)", "paragraph_text": "The Symphony No. 5 is a symphony for orchestra by the American composer Christopher Rouse. The work was jointly commissioned by the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, the Nashville Symphony, and the Aspen Music Festival. It was completed in Baltimore on February 15, 2015, and was first performed by the Dallas Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Jaap van Zweden at the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center on February 9, 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Clarinet Concerto (Rouse)", "paragraph_text": "The Clarinet Concerto is a concerto for clarinet and orchestra by the American composer Christopher Rouse. The work was commissioned for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and its principal clarinetist Larry Combs by the Institute for American Music. It was completed December 11, 2000 and premiered May 17, 2001 at Symphony Center in Chicago with Christoph Eschenbach conducting the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. The piece is dedicated to Rouse's friend and fellow composer Augusta Read Thomas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Soundings (Carter)", "paragraph_text": "Soundings is an orchestral composition by the American composer Elliott Carter. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for their final season with the conductor Daniel Barenboim as music director. It was first performed on October 6, 2005 at the Symphony Center, Chicago, by Barenboim and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Proceed, Moon", "paragraph_text": "Proceed, Moon: Fantasy for Orchestra is an orchestral composition by the American composer Melinda Wagner. The work was Wagner's third commission from the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, which first performed the piece under the conductor Susanna M\u00e4lkki at the Symphony Center, Chicago, on June 15, 2017. Wagner dedicated the score to M\u00e4lkki and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Seamstress (Clyne)", "paragraph_text": "The Seamstress is a concerto for solo violin and orchestra by the British-born composer Anna Clyne. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, for which Clyne was then composer-in-residence. It was first performed May 28, 2015 at Symphony Center, Chicago by the violinist Jennifer Koh and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under conductor Ludovic Morlot. \"The Seamstress\" marks the second collaboration between Clyne and Koh, who had previously premiered Clyne's double violin concerto \"Prince of Clouds\" in November 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Spangled Unicorn", "paragraph_text": "Spangled Unicorn is a composition for brass ensemble by the British-born composer Anna Clyne. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, for which Clyne was then composer-in-residence. It was first performed on March 21, 2011 at Symphony Center, Chicago by the brass section of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Symphony Center", "paragraph_text": "Symphony Center is a music complex located at 220 South Michigan Avenue in the Loop area of Chicago, Illinois. Home to the Chicago Symphony Orchestra; Chicago Symphony Chorus; Civic Orchestra of Chicago; and the Institute for Learning, Access, and Training; Symphony Center includes the 2,522-seat Orchestra Hall, which dates from 1904; Buntrock Hall, a rehearsal and performance space; Grainger Ballroom, an event space overlooking Michigan Avenue and the Art Institute of Chicago; a public multi-story rotunda; tesori restaurant; and administrative offices. In June 1993, plans to significantly renovate and expand Orchestra Hall were approved and the $110 million project resulting in Symphony Center began in 1995 and was completed in 1997.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Alternative Energy (composition)", "paragraph_text": "Alternative Energy is a symphony for electronica and orchestra in four movements by the American composer Mason Bates. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, for whom Bates was then composer-in-residence. It was premiered by the orchestra under conductor Riccardo Muti at Symphony Center in Chicago, February 2, 2012.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Anthology of Fantastic Zoology", "paragraph_text": "Anthology of Fantastic Zoology is an orchestral symphony by the American composer Mason Bates. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, for whom Bates was then composer-in-residence. It was premiered June 18, 2015 at Symphony Center in Chicago, with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra performing under conductor Riccardo Muti, to whom the work is dedicated. The piece is based on the eponymous book by Jorge Luis Borges.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Night Ferry (composition)", "paragraph_text": "Night Ferry is an orchestral composition in one movement by the British-born composer Anna Clyne. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, for which Clyne was then composer-in-residence. It was first performed February 9, 2012 at Symphony Center, Chicago by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under conductor Riccardo Muti.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab6cd0e554299710c8d1f68", "question_text": "What are a Uruguayan professional footballer and Luz Pfannenstiel are best known as?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["the best known globetrotters"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Carlos Cabezas", "paragraph_text": "Carlos Eduardo Cabezas Jurado (born November 14, 1980) is a Spanish professional basketball player for Real Betis Energ\u00eda Plus of the Liga ACB. He is the nephew of the former Uruguayan professional footballer Hugo Cabezas, who played in Spain in the late 70s. His father (Hugo's brother), and his grandfather, are also former Uruguayan professional basketball players. He is a 1.87 m (6\u00a0ft 1 \u00be in) tall point guard.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Cristian Jeandet", "paragraph_text": "Cristian Daniel Jeandet (born March 1, 1975) is a retired Argentine football striker. He retired in December 2015 after playing in 23 clubs and in the top-leagues of eight differente countries, Argentina, Italy, FR Yugoslavia, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Morocco and Venezuela. He is regarded along Lutz Pfannenstiel and Sebasti\u00e1n Abreu among the best known globetrotters.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Jonathan Urretaviscaya", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Mat\u00edas Urretaviscaya da Luz (born 19 March 1990), commonly known as Urreta, is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays for Mexican club C.F. Pachuca as a right winger.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Christian Serr\u00f3n", "paragraph_text": "Christian Ariel Serr\u00f3n Acosta (born November 17, 1994 ) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Rampla Juniors in the Uruguayan Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, on loan from River Plate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Jonathan Blanes", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan Blanes N\u00fa\u00f1ez (born March 10, 1987 in Paysand\u00fa) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for River Plate in the Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Diego Luz", "paragraph_text": "Diego Alexander Luz Pizarro (born 3 July 1990) is an Uruguayan professional football (soccer) player. He played for Club Sportivo Miramar Misiones, Club Atl\u00e9tico Rentistas, Central Espa\u00f1ol F\u00fatbol Club and Hurac\u00e1n del Paso de la Arena. Known for playmaking skills, range of passing and crossing ability, bending free-kicks with both legs and head goals. In 2017 he plays for Hurac\u00e1n Buceo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Sebasti\u00e1n Abreu", "paragraph_text": "Washington Sebasti\u00e1n Abreu Gallo (] ; born 17 October 1976) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays for Chilean club Deportes Puerto Montt as a striker.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Diego Vicente", "paragraph_text": "Diego Sebasti\u00e1n Vicente Pereyra (born July 19, 1998) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for River Plate in the Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Danilo Su\u00e1rez", "paragraph_text": "Danilo Nicol\u00e1s Su\u00e1rez Garc\u00eda (born November 17, 1994 ) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Miramar Misiones in the Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, on loan from River Plate.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Facundo Vigo", "paragraph_text": "Facundo Vigo Gonz\u00e1lez (born May 22, 1999) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for River Plate in the Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7634f155429976ec32bd6b", "question_text": "What shallow water table aquifer is located near the county seat of Keith County, Nebraska?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Ogallala Aquifer"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Ingram\u2013Schipper Farm", "paragraph_text": "Ingram\u2013Schipper Farm is a historic farm complex located near Boonsboro, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It is a two-story, four-bay Flemish bond brick dwelling with white trim and water table. The house features a Victorian period flat-roofed one-story porch and a slate roof. The property includes a number of early outbuildings, including a brick kitchen and wash house, three log buildings, one of which has a fireplace and appears to have been a dwelling, and a large stone barn.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Lemoyne, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Lemoyne is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in northern Keith County, Nebraska, United States. It lies along Nebraska Highway 92 on the northern shore of Lake C.W. McConaughy, north of the city of Ogallala, the county seat of Keith County. Its elevation is 3,333\u00a0feet (1,016\u00a0m). Although Lemoyne is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 69146.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Kingsley Dam", "paragraph_text": "Kingsley Dam is located on the east side of Lake McConaughy in central Keith County, Nebraska, and is the second largest hydraulic fill dam in the world. It was built as part of the New Deal project. The dam is 162 ft tall, 3.1 mi long, and 1100 ft wide at its base. On the east side of the dam is Lake Ogallala and on the south side is the Kingsley Hydroelectricity Plant. The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission and Central Nebraska Public Power and Irrigation District are also located in this area. Kingsley Dam, the Kingsley Hydroelectricity Plant, the Morning Glory Spillway, and the Outlet Tower \u2013 a large structure near the dam used to release water from the lake \u2013 are main visual icons of Lake McConaughy.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Keystone, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Keystone is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in central Keith County, Nebraska, United States. It lies along local roads near the North Platte River, northeast of the city of Ogallala, the county seat of Keith County. Its elevation is 3,100\u00a0feet (945\u00a0m). Although Keystone is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 69144.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ogallala, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Ogallala is a city in Keith County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 4,737 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Keith County. In the days of the Nebraska Territory, the city was a stop on the Pony Express and later along the transcontinental railroad. The Ogallala Aquifer was named after the city.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Dune Dam", "paragraph_text": "Dune Dam is a long sand dune that lies at the western end of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, near the confluence of the Chaco and Escavada Washs. The dune was created by winds that brought sand up the Chaco River. When the dune was large enough, it dammed the Chaco Wash and created a small and shallow lake near the Ancestral Puebloan great house, Penasco Blanco. Archeological evidence suggests that the dune was breached around 900 CE. Chacoans filled the breach with masonry sometime in the early 11th century, and built an accompanying reservoir lined with stones that was visible until 1920. The dam stopped Chaco Wash from further deepening, which helped raise the water table in the canyon, aiding Chacoan farming. The absence of a lacustrine plain behind the dam led geologist Stephen A. Hall to question this interpretation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Keith County, Nebraska", "paragraph_text": "Keith County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,368. Its county seat is Ogallala.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ogallala Aquifer", "paragraph_text": "The Ogallala Aquifer is a shallow water table aquifer surrounded by sand, silt, clay and gravel located beneath the Great Plains in the United States. One of the world's largest aquifers, it underlies an area of approximately 174000 sqmi in portions of eight states (South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas). It was named in 1898 by geologist N. H. Darton from its type locality near the town of Ogallala, Nebraska. The aquifer is part of the High Plains Aquifer System, and rests on the Ogallala Formation, which is the principal geologic unit underlying 80% of the High Plains.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Souris Beach Provincial Park", "paragraph_text": "Souris Beach Provincial Park is a day-use provincial park located near the town of Souris in eastern Prince Edward Island, Canada. The beach is very shallow, allowing visitors to walk several hundred feet from shore on an all sand bottom. The shallow water also results in the waters at this beach being warmer, as a result of warming by the sun, than other Island beaches where depths increase more quickly.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Flatwood", "paragraph_text": "Flatwood is a soil series with impaired drainage that occurs in the southeastern United States. Flatwood soils are upland soils formed from marine sediments. A shallow water table plays a role in soil formation, typically the water table is only a few feet deep and fluctuates during the year. Flatwood soils are classified in USDA soil taxonomy as fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Aquic Hapludults.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7b1e22554299042af8f6e4", "question_text": "What award won by only twelve people has a man who Ted Kooshian has performed with won?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["EGOT"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Duodecet", "paragraph_text": "In music, a duodecet\u2014sometimes duodectet, or duodecimette\u2014is a composition which requires twelve musicians for a performance, or a musical group that consists of twelve people. In jazz, such a group of twelve players is sometimes called a \"twelvetet\". The corresponding German word is duodezett. The French equivalent form, douzetuor, is virtually unknown (in sharp contrast to \"dixtuor\", the French word for decet). Unlike some other musical ensembles such as the string quartet, there is no established or standard set of instruments in a duodecet.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "2003 Marriott Hotel bombing", "paragraph_text": "The 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing occurred on 5 August 2003 in Mega Kuningan, South Jakarta, Indonesia. A suicide bomber detonated a car bomb outside the lobby of the JW Marriott Hotel, killing twelve people and injuring 150. Those killed were mostly Indonesian, with the exception of one Dutch man. The hotel was viewed as a Western symbol, and had been used by the United States embassy for various events. The hotel was closed for five weeks and reopened to the public on 8 September.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence)", "paragraph_text": "The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) is a 2011 Dutch black and white exploitation-horror film written, directed, and co-produced by Dutch filmmaker Tom Six. The sequel to Six's 2009 film \"The Human Centipede (First Sequence)\", the film stars Laurence R. Harvey as a mentally impaired English man who watches and becomes obsessed with the first \"Human Centipede\" film, and decides to make his own \"centipede\" consisting of twelve people, including Ashlynn Yennie, an actress from the first film.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ted Kooshian", "paragraph_text": "Ted Kooshian (born October 8, 1961) is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist, and composer, who has performed with Aretha Franklin, Chuck Berry, Marvin Hamlisch, Sarah Brightman, Il Divo, and Blood, Sweat, and Tears. Kooshian has played in many Broadway pit orchestras, and has been a member of the Ed Palermo Big Band since 1994. Originally from San Jose, California, Kooshian has been performing since the 1980s.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ronald Reagan judicial appointment controversies", "paragraph_text": "During President Ronald Reagan's presidency, he nominated at least twelve people for various federal appellate judgeship who were not confirmed. In some cases, the nominations were not processed by the Democratic-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee before Reagan's presidency ended, while in other cases, nominees were rejected by the Senate Judiciary Committee or even blocked by unfriendly members of the Republican Party. Three of the nominees were renominated by Reagan's successor, President George H. W. Bush. Two of the nominees, Ferdinand Francis Fernandez and Guy G. Hurlbutt, were nominated after July 1, 1988, the traditional start date of the unofficial Thurmond Rule during a presidential election year. Eight of the twelve seats eventually were filled by appointees of President George H. W. Bush.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Castelldefels train accident", "paragraph_text": "The Castelldefels train accident occurred on 23\u00a0June 2010 when a passenger train struck a group of people who were crossing the railway on the level at Platja de Castelldefels station to the southwest of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. Twelve people were killed, and fourteen injured: all victims but one Romanian were of Latin American origin, with a majority from Ecuador.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Robert Lopez", "paragraph_text": "Robert Lopez (born February 23, 1975) is an American songwriter of musicals, best known for co-creating \"The Book of Mormon\" and \"Avenue Q\", and for composing the songs featured in the Disney animated film \"Frozen\". He is the youngest of only twelve people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award, and the quickest (10 years) to win all four.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "People's jury", "paragraph_text": "A people's jury, or citizen's jury, is an institution used by a democratically elected body to resolve a divisive issue, in order to reach a consensus. An example, which occurred in Oxfordshire in the late 1990s, was the use of a people's jury to resolve where to site a waste recycling plant. A group of twelve people was selected as though they were going to belong to a legal jury. They were then taken on a guided tour of the county and introduced to experts in various fields. After they had been given the opportunity to perform sufficient research, they were asked to choose the site to use.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Arthur Milton", "paragraph_text": "Clement Arthur Milton (10 March 1928 \u2013 25 April 2007) was an English cricketer and footballer. He played County cricket for Gloucestershire from 1948 to 1974, playing six Test matches for England in 1958 and 1959. He also played domestic football for Arsenal between 1951 and 1955, and then for a brief period for Bristol City. He played one match for England in 1951, against Austria at Wembley. He was the last man, and the last survivor, of the twelve people to have played at the highest international level for both England's football and cricket teams.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Marvin Hamlisch", "paragraph_text": "Marvin Frederick Hamlisch (June 2, 1944August 6, 2012) was an American composer and conductor. Hamlisch was one of only twelve people to win Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony awards. This collection of all four is referred to as an \"EGOT\". He is one of only two people (along with Richard Rodgers) to have won those four prizes and a Pulitzer Prize.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae7535c5542997b22f6a6d8", "question_text": "The 53rd National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at the indoor arena that was completed in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1998"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "63rd National Hockey League All-Star Game", "paragraph_text": "The 63rd National Hockey League All-Star Game, also known as the 2018 NHL All-Star Game, will be held at Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida, home of the Tampa Bay Lightning on January 28, 2018. Tampa last held the NHL All Star Game in 1999. The All-Star Game will be played in lieu of NHL participation in the 2018 Olympics, as the NHL Board of Governors ruled against interrupting the season to send players to PyeongChang from 10\u201325 February.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "52nd National Hockey League All-Star Game", "paragraph_text": "The 52nd National Hockey League All-Star Game took place on February 2, 2002, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. The final score was World 8, North America 5. This was the last National Hockey League All-Star Game to have the North America vs. World All-Star format. It was also the last All-Star Game that was held in the same year as the Winter Olympics until the 2018 edition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "23rd National Hockey League All-Star Game", "paragraph_text": "The 23rd National Hockey League All-Star Game was held in the St. Louis Arena in St. Louis, home of the St. Louis Blues, on January 20, 1970. It was the first time the All-Star Game was held at the St. Louis Arena. The East Division All-Stars defeated the West Division All-Stars 4\u20131. Bobby Hull was named the game's most valuable player.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "47th National Hockey League All-Star Game", "paragraph_text": "The 47th National Hockey League All-Star Game took place on January 18, 1997, at the San Jose Arena, home of the San Jose Sharks. The final score was Eastern Conference 11, Western Conference 7. This game was originally scheduled for the 1994\u201395 season, but was cancelled due to the 1994\u201395 NHL lockout.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "6th National Hockey League All-Star Game", "paragraph_text": "The Sixth National Hockey League All-Star Game took place at the Detroit Olympia, home of the Detroit Red Wings, on October 5, 1952. For the second year in a row, the format had the First and Second All-Star Teams, with additional players on each team, play each other. After the game ended in a tie for the second year in a row, the NHL decided that they would continue with the previous format of the Stanley Cup winner playing an all-star team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "NHL All-Star Skills Competition", "paragraph_text": "The NHL All-Star Game SuperSkills Competition, originally known as the National Hockey League All-Star Skills Competition, is an event on the night preceding the All-Star Game. Started at the 41st National Hockey League All-Star Game in Pittsburgh in 1990, the NHL uses the event to showcase the talents of its all-star participants. Events include accuracy shooting, fastest skater, Skills Challenge Relay, hardest shot, Breakaway Challenge, and an Elimination Shootout. The All-Star teams select representatives for each event, with points awarded to the winning team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "NBL Canada All-Star Game", "paragraph_text": "The NBL Canada All-Star Game is an exhibition game hosted by the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL), currently matching a group of players from the Central Division against a group from the Atlantic Division. The first All-Star game took place at the Halifax Metro Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia on April 1, 2012. In the inaugural game, the format did not take divisions into account and randomly divided players under captains Joey Haywood and Eddie Smith. As of 2014, the players are decided on the coaches' votes. No All-Star game took place for the 2014\u201315 NBL Canada season. The game takes place alongside multiple other competitions, together known as All-Star Weekend. These competitions include the Three-Point Long Distance Shootout and the Slam Dunk Championship. Neither event took place in 2015.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "58th National Hockey League All-Star Game", "paragraph_text": "The 58th National Hockey League All-Star Game, also known as the 2011 National Hockey League All-Star Game presented by Discover, was the National Hockey League's (NHL) annual All-Star Game played on January 30, 2011. The game took place during the 2010\u201311 NHL season at the RBC Center in Raleigh, North Carolina, home of the Carolina Hurricanes. Originally, the Game was supposed to be hosted by the Phoenix Coyotes, but due to ownership issues, the NHL decided to move the game. After bidding for the game reopened, it was awarded to Carolina and fulfilled a nine-year-old promise made to the franchise by NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "53rd National Hockey League All-Star Game", "paragraph_text": "The 53rd National Hockey League All-Star Game was held during the 2002\u201303 NHL season, and took place at the Office Depot Center in Sunrise, Florida, the home of the Florida Panthers, on February 2, 2003. It was the first All-Star Game since the 1997 All-Star Game to use the Eastern Conference\u2013Western Conference format.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "BB&amp;T Center (Sunrise, Florida)", "paragraph_text": "The BB&T Center (previously known as the National Car Rental Center, Office Depot Center, and BankAtlantic Center) is an indoor arena located in Sunrise, Florida. It is home to the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League. It was completed in 1998, at a cost of US$185 million, almost entirely publicly financed, and features 70 suites and 2,623 club seats.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a736f7c5542991f29ee2e18", "question_text": "Which legal, autonomous North American tribal government signed its constitution in Oklahoma on September 6, 1839?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["The Cherokee Nation"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mary Ann Green", "paragraph_text": "Mary Ann Green (1964 \u2013 January 8, 2017) was an American tribal leader and politician who served as the Chairwoman of the Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians, a federally recognized Cahuilla band of Native Americans based in Coachella, California, from 1988 until 2016. Under Green, who was first elected chairperson in 1988, the Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians established a tribal government in 1994 and resettled their reservation, located in Coachella, in 1996. She also oversaw the development and establishment of the Augustine Casino, which opened in 2002. Through the casino, the small Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians is now one of the largest employers in the Coachella Valley, as of 2017.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Constitutional process in Turkey", "paragraph_text": "The constitutional process in Turkey begins with Sened-i \u0130ttifak in 1808 and continues today. Sened-i \u0130ttifak prepared by Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, in period of Mahmut II was signed on September 29, 1808 among Rumelian and Anatolian chief men and the Ottoman State in order to make the central authority dominant at the provinces. This document is agreed to the first \"constitutional document\" in the Turkish history, because for the first time in Turkish history with Sened-i \u0130ttifak in Ottoman the state power is gotten limited. Imperial Edict of Reorganization prepared by Mustafa Reshid Pasha on November 3, 1839 in period of Abd\u00fclmecit was declared. The sovereign with this imperial edict swore he was going to adapt to policies declared on imperial edict and laws to be put. Hatt-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun that was complementary and reinforcing of this imperial edict was declared as \"edict\" in 1856 by Abd\u00fclmecit. Eggheads and writers growing up in the period of Tanzimat and known as The Young Ottomans began to defend constitutionalism government by being affected from Europe and they brought Abd\u00fclhamit II instead of him, by taking down Abd\u00fclaziz from throne in order to get constitutionalism declared. On December 23, 1876 it was passed to constitutionalism by being declared Kanun-i Esas\u00ee Mithat Pasha prepares. Kanun-i Esas\u00ee is amditted as a constitution according to criteria. In accordance with 113th article of Kanun-i Esas\u00ee that was the first constitution of Turkish history and consisting of 12 sections and 119 articles, the sovereign could suspend constitution on extraordinaries conditions. Abd\u00fclhamit II suspended constitution by showing why Russian wars in 1877. A result of the military insurrection in 1908, Abd\u00fclhamit II constituted the Constitution of 1876 again and so the period of Constitutionalism II began. it was made important changes on constitution in 1909 after Abd\u00fclhamit II taken down from throne after in 1909 31 March Incident happened. By these changes, Constitution of 1876 became a constitution of limited parliamentarian monarchy. With \u0130stanbul is occupied on March 16, 1920 after Ottoman State is beat in World War I, Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire gathered for last time on March 18, 1920 and took a break from its workings. After Damad Ferid Pasha got Meclis-i Mebusan abrogated on April 11, 1920, on April 23, 1920 the first Grand National Assembly gathered in Ankara. The Assembly admitted Turkish Constitution of 1921. With changes made on law of Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 Esas\u00eeye that was only tender constitution of The Republic of Turkey elements such as regime, the religion, the language, the capital, president of the state were designated. because of officially not being repealed Kanun-i Esasi of 1876, Law of Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 Esas\u00eeye not detailed at degree to pay needs of a new state, new period Grand National Assembly of Turkey remained face to face with question to do a new constitution. New Law of Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 Esas\u00eeye ( Constitution of 1924) was admitted on day April 20, 1924. Constitution of 1924 is more pliant to Constitution of 1921 in the unity powers and a taken important step aimed at parliamentarin regime. Constitution of 1924 remained in effect until 1961. On May 27, 1960, a group of officers named National Union Committee confiscated management. By being founded Founder Assembly for being done a new constitution, new constitution was allowed to prepare this assembly. On July 9, 1961 referendum was performed and Constitution of 1961 by 61.5% in result of the vote was admitted. To ends of 1960s in Turkey result of political intensity events increase and these can not be obstructed Chief of Staff President and Force Commanders on 12 March 1971 forced Demirel prime minister of the period resignation. With Demiral resigns a \"non-partisan\" government in army support was founded and change on constitution was made. Army on 12 September 1980 because of 12 March Diplomatic Note does not give conclusions expected consfiscated management. \"Founder Assembly\" in order to make a constitution with law enacted on 29 June 1981 was created. This assembly that consisted of The Turkish National Security Council Consultation Assembly presented to public opinion on 7 November 1982 constitution it prepares. Constitution by 91.37% has been admitted and it has been published.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Cherokee Female Seminary", "paragraph_text": "The Cherokee Female Seminary, (not to be confused with the first Cherokee Female Seminary), serves as the centerpiece of Northeastern State University, located in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, United States. The building was constructed to replace the original Cherokee Female Seminary that burnt to the ground Easter Sunday 1887. The Cherokee Council chose to rebuild the school on a 40 acre site north of Tahlequah, near Hendricks Spring. Two years later, on May 7, 1889, the dedication ceremonies were held in honor of the new building. The Female Seminary was owned and operated by the Cherokee Nation until March 6, 1909 when the State Legislature of Oklahoma passed an act providing for the creation and location of Northeastern State Normal School at Tahlequah, Oklahoma, and for the purchase form the Cherokee Tribal Government of the building, land, and equipment of the Cherokee Female Seminary. At the start of the next academic year, on September 14, the first classes were held at the newly created Northeastern State Normal School, now Northeastern State University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Squaxin Island Tribe", "paragraph_text": "The Squaxin Island Tribe (also Squaxin, Squaxon) is a Native American tribal government in western Washington state in the United States. The Squaxin Island Tribe is made up of several Lushootseed clans living along several inlets of southern Puget Sound:", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Cherokee National Holiday", "paragraph_text": "The Cherokee National Holiday is an annual event held each Labor Day weekend in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. The event celebrates the September 6, 1839 signing of the Constitution of the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma after the Trail of Tears Indian removal ended.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Cherokee Nation (1794\u20131907)", "paragraph_text": "The Cherokee Nation (\u13e3\u13b3\u13a9\u13af \u13a0\u13f0\u13b5, pronounced \"Tsalagihi Ayeli\") from 1794\u20131907 was a legal, autonomous, tribal government in North America recognized from 1794 to 1907. Often referred to simply as \"\"The Nation\"\" by its inhabitants, it should not be confused with what is known in the 21st century also as the Cherokee Nation.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians", "paragraph_text": "The Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians, known to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) as the Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians of Oregon is a federally recognized Native American tribal government based in Canyonville, Oregon, United States. The Cow Creek Band is also known as the Upper Umpqua. The tribe takes its name from Cow Creek, a tributary of the South Umpqua River.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Charles W. Blackwell", "paragraph_text": "Charles W. Blackwell (July 30, 1942 \u2013 January 2, 2013) was an American Chickasaw Nation diplomat and lawyer. He served as the first Ambassador of the Chickasaw Nation to the United States of America from 1995 until his death in 2013. Blackwell, who represented the Chickasaw Nation of the U.S. state of Oklahoma, was the first Ambassador of any Native American tribal government to the government of the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Native American Venture Fund", "paragraph_text": "The Native American Venture Fund (NAVF) is a for-profit, Impact Investment Fund that partners with Native American Tribal Corporations to leverage the tribe\u2019s economic and legal advantages in order to develop successful tribal business enterprises. These legal advantages are defined as Tribal Sovereignty which are based upon existing laws and treaties to ensure that U.S. state governments and the U.S. federal government live up to their legal obligations to the Native American Tribal Nations. NAVF's vision is to help all tribal nations become economically self-sufficient by providing access to business opportunities, capital, training and mentor-ship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Menominee Restoration Act", "paragraph_text": "The Menominee Restoration Act, signed by President of the United States Richard Nixon on December 22, 1973, returned federally recognized sovereignty to the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin. It also restored tribal supervision over property and members, as well as federal services granted to American Indian tribes. The Act officially repealed the \"Termination Act\" of 1954. It also called for the creation of the Menominee Restoration Committee, which would be responsible for drafting new tribal constitutions and serve as an interim authority until an officially elected tribal government was put into place. In addition, all Menominee Indians born after the termination of the action would be added to the tribal roll.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae6e0485542996d980e7ca6", "question_text": "Who was the winner of the season of The Rap Game where a contestant named Lady Leshurr as one of her influences?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mani"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nuestra Belleza Latina 2009", "paragraph_text": "Nuestra Belleza Latina 2009 is the third season of Nuestra Belleza Latina (Our Latin Beauty) premiered on March 2009. Auditions were once again held in five major US cities (Los Angeles, California; Dallas, Texas; Miami, Florida; Chicago, Illinois; and New York City, New York) and in San Juan, Puerto Rico. During the audition process, 75 young women were given passes to the semi-finals in Miami, Florida. With the twist of adding one more contestant named \"La Intrusa\" (Francheska Mattei). For several weeks, Francheska Mattei, a professional actress, posed as one of the contestants to know the rumors, secrets, and even gossip from the girls. The elimination process was quick, with 15 women leaving the first day, 40 on the second week, and finally 8 women were eliminated leaving the 12 finalists who will be moving into a Miami mansion where they will be living together for the rest of the competition. Each week, viewers will have a chance to vote for their favorite finalists. The three women with the least number of votes will then be in danger of being eliminated. However, two of the women in the bottom three will have the chance of being saved, one by her fellow finalists, and the other by the judges. This year they had an \"Intrusa\", the one that spilled the gossip about the contestants and it was Puerto Rican, Francheska Mattei.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Lady and the Tramp", "paragraph_text": "Lady and the Tramp is a 1955 American animated romantic musical comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney and released to theaters on June 22, 1955 by Buena Vista Distribution. The 15th Disney animated feature film, it was the first animated feature filmed in the CinemaScope widescreen film process. Based on \"Happy Dan, The Whistling Dog\" by Ward Greene, \"Lady and the Tramp\" tells the story of a female American Cocker Spaniel named Lady who lives with a refined, upper-middle-class family, and a male stray mongrel called the Tramp. When the two dogs meet, they embark on many romantic adventures. A direct-to-video sequel, \"\", was released in 2001.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Expeditie Robinson 2006", "paragraph_text": "Expeditie Robinson: 2006, was the eighth Dutch/Belgian version of the Swedish show Expedition Robinson, or Survivor as it is referred to in some countries. This season began airing on August 28, 2006 and concluded on November 20, 2006. The major twist this season was that the tribes were initially divided up by gender with one \"All-Star\" contestant joining each tribe. These two All-Stars were, Klaar Lippe and Robin Ibens. Though the main twist may have seemed like a repeat of twists that occurred in previous seasons, unlike previous seasons with a similar twist this season male contestants were from Belgium and all females from the Netherlands. While the All-Star contestants weren't eligible to win, they could vote and following a tribal swap in episode 4, they could give any contestant on their tribe immunity at tribal council. Following the merge in episode 8, the twist that was \"Losers Island\", was introduced to the game. After a contestant was eliminated they would be sent to Losers island where they would wait until there were only two contestants left in the game at which point the six contestants on the island would vote for one of their own to return. When it came time to vote for a winner, the public, instead of a jury decided the winner. In the end, it was Olga Urashova who returned from Losers island in the final three, who won the season over Lenny Janssen with a public vote of 52% to Lenny's 48%.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Bell Nuntita", "paragraph_text": "Nuntita Khampiranon (Thai: \u0e19\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32 \u0e06\u0e31\u0e21\u0e20\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e19\u0e17\u0e4c ; rtgs:\u00a0\"Nanthita Khamphiranon\" ; born December 20, 1983), or nickname Art (\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e15), stage name Bell (\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e25\u0e4c) and usually known as Bell Nuntita, is a Thai transgender actress, singer, entertainer, and radio DJ. Nuntita was part of a TV show called \"Venus Flytrap Search for the Missing Puzzle\" in 2007. As one of twelve contestants, she competed to take the place of two former cast members. Nuntita and another contestant named Mew won the competition and became part of the Kathoey band \"Venus Flytrap\". She became popular after a performance during her audition on \"Thailand's Got Talent\" and became a YouTube hit when she first performed singing as a girl, and the crowd was amazed when she switched to a masculine voice.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nick Donnelly", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas James Donnelly (born 17 May 1988) is a British filmmaker and music video producer who first gained exposure when directing/producing the music video Game Over Female Takeover, an independent release that featured many of the leading female urban artists in England on one video. These artists included Lady leshurr, Mz Bratt, Ruff Diamondz, Cherri Voncelle and Amplify Dot The video served as the official remix to the record Game Over (Tinchy Stryder song)", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Donkey Kong (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Donkey Kong (Japanese: \u30c9\u30f3\u30ad\u30fc\u30b3\u30f3\u30b0 , Hepburn: Donk\u012b Kongu ) is an arcade game released by Nintendo in 1981. An early example of the platform game genre, the gameplay focuses on maneuvering the main character across a series of platforms while dodging and jumping over obstacles. In the game, Mario (originally named Mr. Video and then Jumpman) must rescue a damsel in distress named Pauline (originally named Lady), from a giant ape named Donkey Kong. The hero and ape later became two of Nintendo's most popular and recognizable characters. \"Donkey Kong\" is one of the most important titles from the golden age of arcade video games, and is one of the most popular arcade games of all time.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Suran (singer)", "paragraph_text": "Shin Su-ran (Hangul: \uc2e0\uc218\ub780), also known by her stage names Elena (Hangul: \uc5d8\uc5d0\ub098) and Baily Shoo (Hangul: \ubca0\uc77c\ub9ac \uc288), and better known by the mononym Suran (Hangul: \uc218\ub780), is a South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer. She debuted as part of the duo, Lodia, on July 9, 2014, with the single \"I Got A Feeling\". In 2017, she has also appeared on MBC's \"King of Mask Singer\" (episodes 93\u201394) as a contestant named \"Skip to the End, Hello\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Rap Game", "paragraph_text": "The Rap Game is an American reality television series. The series premiered on January 1, 2016, on Lifetime. The winners of seasons 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were Miss Mulatto, Mani, and Nova.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Wonky (album)", "paragraph_text": "Wonky is the eight studio album by Orbital, released on their own ACP label (via Warner Music Group/Alternative Distribution Alliance) in the UK on 2 April 2012, and exclusively through iTunes in the USA and Canada on 17 April 2012. The album is their first since the \"Blue Album\" in 2004 and the first since they reformed in 2008. It features vocals from Zola Jesus and Lady Leshurr. The album was taken off of Spotify and iTunes in the United States for unknown reasons. There are some songs you cannot find at all in their original versions, like Beelzedub or Distractions.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Lady Leshurr", "paragraph_text": "Melesha O'Garro (born 15 December 1988), known professionally as Lady Leshurr ( ), is an English rapper, singer, and producer. She is best known for her \"Queen's Speech\" series of freestyles, the fourth of which went viral in 2016. \" The Rap Game\" season 2 competitor Nia Kay stated that Leshurr was one of her influences due to her uniqueness and rap skill. Her subsequent freestyle, \"Queen's Speech 5\", was called \"brilliant\" and \"2015's crowning freestyle\" by Spin.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8e8d665542995085b3744e", "question_text": "What was the birth name of the start of Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Park Yong-gyu"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "California Birth Index", "paragraph_text": "The California Birth Index (CABI) is a database compiled by the California Office of Health Information and Research. The index contains birth records of all registered births in California between 1905 and 1995. Each record is an abstract of a person's birth certificate, including date of birth, full name, county of birth, gender, and mother's maiden name. People who have been adopted are sometimes listed by their birth name, sometimes listed by their adopted name, sometimes by both and sometimes not listed at all. The CABI is considered a valuable genealogy tool but is also criticized for privacy issues. California began statewide civil registration of births on July 1, 1905. Earlier birth records may exist in the county where the birth took place or at the church where a baptism took place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth", "paragraph_text": "Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth () is a South Korean television series starring Park Seo-joon, Go A-ra, and Park Hyung-sik. It evolves around an elite group of young men called \"Hwarang\" who discover their passions, love and friendship in the turmoil of the Silla Kingdom (57 B.C. - A.D. 935). The series aired every Monday and Tuesday at 22:00 (KST) on KBS2, from December 19, 2016 to February 21, 2017.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hwarang", "paragraph_text": "Hwarang, also known as Flowering Knights, were an elite warrior group of male youth in Silla, an ancient Korean kingdom that lasted until the 10th century AD. There were educational institutions as well as social clubs where members gathered for all aspects of study, originally for arts and culture as well as religious teachings stemming mainly from Buddhism. Chinese sources referred only to the physical beauty of the \"Flower Youths\". Originally, the hwarang were known for their use of make-up and cosmetic decorations and accessories. The history of the hwarang was not widely known until after the liberation of 1945, after which the hwarang became elevated to a symbolic importance.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Park Seo-joon", "paragraph_text": "Park Seo-joon (born Park Yong-gyu) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in the television dramas \"Kill Me, Heal Me\" (2015), \"She Was Pretty\" (2015), \"\" (2016-2017) and \"Fight for My Way\" (2017).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "\u00daltimo Guerrero", "paragraph_text": "Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Hern\u00e1ndez (born March 1, 1973), better known under the ring name \u00daltimo Guerrero (Spanish for \"Last Warrior\"), is a Mexican \"Luchador\" , or professional wrestler, currently working for \"Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre\" (CMLL), where he is also part of the booking committee. He is not related to the \"lucha libre\" legend Gory Guerrero or any of his children, \"Guerrero\" in this case is the Spanish word for warrior and not the surname of the character. On September 19, 2014, \u00daltimo Guerrero lost a \"Lucha de Apuestas\" match to Atlantis, after which he was forced to unmask and reveal his birth name.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Gerrie (given name)", "paragraph_text": "Gerrie is Dutch and Afrikaans unisex given name. It is a diminutive of Ger, itself short for Gerard. As a birth name in the Netherlands, it is primarily feminine, peaking in popularities around 1950, but the name is more common as a nickname for men with the birth name Gerard(us) or Gerrit.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Mental As Anything", "paragraph_text": "Mental As Anything are an Australian new wave/pop-rock band that formed in Sydney in 1976. Its most popular line-up (which lasted from 1977-1999) was Martin Plaza (birth name Martin Murphy) on vocals and guitar; Reg Mombassa (birth name Chris O'Doherty) on lead guitar and vocals; his brother Peter \"Yoga Dog\" O'Doherty on bass guitar and vocals; Wayne de Lisle (birth name David Twohill) on drums; and Andrew \"Greedy\" Smith on vocals, keyboards and harmonica. Their original hit songs were generated by Mombassa, O'Doherty, Plaza and Smith, either individually or collectively; they also hit the Australian charts with covers of songs by Roy Orbison, Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Emmanuel F. Lacaba", "paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Agapito Flores Lacaba (December 10, 1948\u00a0\u2013 March 18, 1976), popularly known as Eman Lacaba, was a Filipino writer, poet, essayist, playwright, fictionist, scriptwriter, songwriter and activist and he is considered as the only poet warrior of the Philippines.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Po (Kung Fu Panda)", "paragraph_text": "Master Po Ping (birth name: Lotus Shan) is the title character and the protagonist of the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise. He is a young anthropomorphic giant panda in his 20s, who is improbably chosen as the Dragon Warrior, champion of the Valley of Peace in the first film. He's the adoptive son of Mr. Ping, and is one of Master Shifu's students. Po is also the prophesied Dragon Warrior, as well as the warrior of black and white. In \"\", Po's revealed to have the ability to be able to learn kung fu at a glance.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Elf (album)", "paragraph_text": "Elf is the first album by Ronnie James Dio's blues rock band called Elf. Produced by Ian Paice and Roger Glover of Deep Purple, the record was released in 1972. In this album, Dio is listed by his birth name Ronald Padavona. Though Dio had used \"Padavona\" for songwriting credits on earlier singles, Dio explained in an interview in 1994 that he used his birth name on this album as a tribute to his parents so that they could see their family name on an album at least once.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae1319c55429920d5234301", "question_text": "The tap dancing soloist in My Feet Keep Dancing also starred in what 1935 MGM musical?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["\"An All-Colored Vaudeville Show\""]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "My Feet Keep Dancing", "paragraph_text": "\"My Feet Keep Dancing\" is the third single from Chic's third studio album \"Risqu\u00e9\". It features a co-lead vocal by Luci Martin and Bernard Edwards and a tap dance solo by Fayard Nicholas (of the Nicholas Brothers), Eugene Jackson (of Our Gang), and Sammy Warren.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Guy and Madeline on a Park Bench", "paragraph_text": "Guy and Madeline on a Park Bench is a 2009 American black-and-white jazz musical film directed, written, produced, shot, and co-edited by Damien Chazelle, that recasts the MGM musical tradition in a gritty, v\u00e9rit\u00e9 style. It stars Jason Palmer, Desiree Garcia and Sandha Khin. The film features a unique mixture of live jazz performances and choreographed tap dancing, as well as several more traditional musical numbers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Reginald McLaughlin", "paragraph_text": "Reggio \u201cThe Hoofer\u201d McLaughlin, tap dancer, instructor and choreographer started his artistic career in the subways of Chicago, where he had developed his unique style of tap dance hoofing, characterized by raw form of African American Tap. The combination of African foot stomping, Irish step and his lengthy experience contributes to the world of tap dancing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "National Tap Dance Day", "paragraph_text": "National Tap Dance Day falls on May 25th every year and is a celebration of tap dancing as an American art form. The idea of National Tap Dance Day was first presented to U.S. Congress on February 7, 1989 and was signed into American law by President George H.W. Bush on November 8, 2004. The one-time official observance was on May 25, 1989. Tap Dance Day is also celebrated in other countries, particularly Japan, Australia, India and Iceland. Tap Dance Day is celebrated online, with over 3,000 mentions on social media in 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Last Tap Dance in Springfield", "paragraph_text": "\"Last Tap Dance in Springfield\" is the twentieth episode of the eleventh season of the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 7, 2000. In the episode, Lisa decides to sign up for tap dancing lessons after being inspired by a film about a girl who enters a tango contest and wins. Meanwhile, Bart and Milhouse hide out at the mall to escape going to summer camp. \"Last Tap Dance in Springfield\" was written by Julie Thacker, who based it on her own experiences with dance classes. The episode has received mixed reception from critics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Tap City: the New York City Tap Festival", "paragraph_text": "Tap City, the New York City Tap Festival, was launched in 2001 in New York City. Held annually for approximately one week each summer, the festival features tap dancing classes, choreography residencies, panels, screenings, and performances as well as awards ceremonies, concert performances, and Tap it Out, a free, public, outdoor event performed in Times Square by a chorus of dancers. The goal of the Festival is to establish a \"higher level of understanding and examination of tap\u2019s storied history and development.\u201d", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jack Wiggins", "paragraph_text": "Jack Wiggins was an African-American entertainer of the early twentieth century, now remembered primarily for his elegant style in tap dancing. Wiggins worked as a performer at the Hoofers Club on \"Swing Street\" in Harlem, New York, where he inspired Laurence Donald \"Baby Laurence\" Jackson (later a member of the Tap Dance Hall of Fame). Wiggins also influenced Fayard and Harold Nicholas of the famous Nicholas Brothers tap duo. Wiggins was recognized as a master soloist in the \"Class Act\" style of tap dancing. A signature dance of Wiggins' was the \"tango twist.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Chuck Green", "paragraph_text": "Charles \"Chuck\" Green (November 6, 1919 \u2013 March 7, 1997) was an American tap dancer. Green was born in Fitzgerald, Georgia. He would stick bottle caps on his bare feet as a child and tap dance on the sidewalk for money. He won third place in a dance contest in 1925 in which Noble Sissle was the bandleader. Soon Green would be touring the South tap dancing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Glamour Puss Studios Tap Dancing Academy", "paragraph_text": "Glamour Puss Studios Tap Dancing Academy was established in 1997 and is a Melbourne tap school specifically for adults and specialising in adult beginner tap dance. More than 300 students attend classes held at either of the two 60s styled studios located in St Kilda, Victoria and Richmond, Victoria.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Fayard Nicholas", "paragraph_text": "Fayard Antonio Nicholas (October 20, 1914 \u2013 January 24, 2006) was an American choreographer, dancer and actor. He and his younger brother Harold Nicholas made up the Nicholas Brothers tap-dance duo, who starred in the MGM musicals \"An All-Colored Vaudeville Show\" (1935), \"Stormy Weather\" (1943), \"The Pirate\" (1948), and \"Hard Four\" (2007). The Nicholas brothers also starred in the 20th Century-Fox musicals \"Down Argentine Way\" (1940), \"Sun Valley Serenade\" (1941), and \"Orchestra Wives\" (1942).", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae5b06e554299546bf82f2a", "question_text": "What was the capacity of the stadium that Colecci\u00f3n Privada that was filmed on October 10, 2000?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["15,500"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "July 5, 1962 Stadium", "paragraph_text": "July 5, 1962 Stadium (English: 5 July 1962 Stadium , Arabic: \u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 5 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 1962\u200e \u200e ), (the name refers to 5 July 1962, the day Algeria declared independence from France), also known as El Djezair Stadium (Arabic: \u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 5 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u200e \u200e ), is a football and athletics stadium located in Algiers, Algeria. The stadium was inaugurated in 1972 with a capacity of 95,000. It served as the main stadium of the 1975 Mediterranean Games, the 1978 All-Africa Games, the 2004 Pan Arab Games, and the 2007 All-Africa Games. The stadium was one of two venues of the 1990 African Cup of Nations (the other venue was the Stade 19 Mai 1956 in Annaba). It hosted 9 matches of the tournament, including the final match, which had a second record attendance of 105,302 spectators. In the final match, the home team Algeria defeated Nigeria 1-0 to win the tournament. The record attendance is of 110,000 spectators in the frendly match between Algeria and Serbia on 3 March 2010. It also hosted the 2000 African Championships in Athletics. After a formal compliance with current safety standards in 1999, the stadium was reduced to an 80,200 capacity, and following a new phase of renovation in 2003, the stadium's capacity has been reduced further to its current all-seater capacity of 64,000. The future capacity will be 80,000 with possible further renovations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Pok\u00e9mon Stadium 2", "paragraph_text": "Pok\u00e9mon Stadium 2, known as Pocket Monsters' Stadium Kin Gin (\u30dd\u30b1\u30e2\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30b8\u30a2\u30e0\u91d1\u9280 , Pokemon Sutajiamu Kin Gin , lit.: Pok\u00e9mon Stadium Gold Silver) in Japan, is a strategy video game developed by Nintendo EAD and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It features all 251 Pok\u00e9mon from the first and second generations of the franchise. It was released on December 14, 2000, in Japan, March 26, 2001, in North America, and October 10, 2001, in Europe. In Western regions it was titled \"Pok\u00e9mon Stadium 2\", as it was the second \"Stadium\" game to be released outside Japan, in which it was the third game in the series. It supports Dolby Surround sound.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Benedetti\u2013Wehrli Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Benedetti\u2013Wehrli Stadium is a stadium in Naperville, Illinois. It is primary used for American football and soccer. The stadium hosted the 2000 NCAA Division III Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship. The stadium opened in 1999 for North Central College and was used by the Chicago Fire in 2002 and 2003, when it was known as \"Cardinal Stadium\". Benedetti\u2013Wehrli Stadium is named after two North Central College Alumni/Donors: Albert Benedetti and Richard Wehrli. Benedetti-Wehrli also hosts the two highly hyped football games of Naperville Central High School - Naperville North High School and Waubonsie Valley High School-Neuqua Valley High School. The stadium also serves as host to a competitive drum corps show hosted by The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps of Rosemont, Ill., each summer. The stadium has a capacity of 5,500. The stadium served as a venue for the quarter finals of the 2000 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "La M\u00e1s Perfecta Colecci\u00f3n", "paragraph_text": "La M\u00e1s Perfecta Colecci\u00f3n is the third greatest hits compilation by Spanish recording artist M\u00f3nica Naranjo released on December 6, 2011 through Sony. The album includes most of her hits from her five studio albums and \"Enamorada de Ti\", which was included on her compilation \"Colecci\u00f3n Privada\" (2005), and also includes one new track, \"Emperatriz de Mis Sue\u00f1os\", which was used as the theme song for the Mexican telenovela \"Emperatriz\". The album also includes a bonus DVD with music videos and live performances from her hits.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bloomfield Road", "paragraph_text": "Bloomfield Road is a 17,338-capacity all-seater football stadium in the English town of Blackpool, Lancashire, in an area known as South Shore. It has been the permanent home of Blackpool F.C. since 1901, and was the 68th ground to host a Football League game. The stadium is named after the road on which the main entrance used to stand. The stadium has been in a process of redevelopment since 2000. June of that year saw the demolition of the Spion Kop at the north end of the ground; an all-seated stand has now replaced it. The rebuilding of the West Stand was completed in August 2002. In March 2010, the South Stand, whose original structure was pulled down in 2003, was opened by Jimmy Armfield, the former Blackpool player for whom the stand is named. A temporary East Stand opened on 28 August 2010 with a capacity of 5,120 seats, initially increasing capacity to 16,220 with further hospitality seating in the South Stand to be installed later in the year. Bloomfield Road is ranked 52 in the list of English football stadiums by capacity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Amsterdam Arena", "paragraph_text": "Amsterdam Arena (] , officially stylised as Amsterdam ArenA) is a stadium in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It is the largest stadium in the country, built from 1993 to 1996 at a cost of \u20ac140\u00a0million, and officially opened on 14 August 1996. It has been used for association football, American football, concerts, and other events. The stadium has a retractable roof combined with a grass surface. It has a capacity of 54,033 people during football matches, and of 68,000 people during concerts if a centre-stage setup is used (the stage in the middle of the pitch); for end-stage concerts, the capacity is 50,000, and for concerts for which the stage is located in the east side of the stadium, the capacity is 35,000. It held UEFA five-star stadium status, which was superseded by a new system of classification. From 25 October 2017, the stadium will be known as the Johan Cruijff Arena.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid", "paragraph_text": "Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid (English: \"Community of Madrid Sports Centre\"), since November 2016 called WiZink Center for sponsorship reasons, is an indoor sporting arena located in Madrid, Spain. Its capacity is 15,000 people for basketball matches and 15,500 for concerts (with standing public ramp).", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Colecci\u00f3n Privada", "paragraph_text": "Colecci\u00f3n Privada: Grandes \u00c9xitos & Remixes is the second greatest hits compilation by Spanish recording artist M\u00f3nica Naranjo released on April 27, 2005. The compilation was released in two different formats, the 2CD+DVD edition, containing the greatest hits album with a remixes album and a bonus disc with music videos including the previously unreleased video \"Perra Enamorada\", and the 3CD+DVD Lujo-Box Set containing her \"Tour Minage\", filmed on October 10, 2000, in Palacio de los Deportes, in Madrid, Spain. The album includes one new track, \"Enamorada de T\u00ed\", which was released on April 18, 2005.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Griswold Stadium", "paragraph_text": "Griswold Stadium is an American football and soccer stadium which serves as the home of the Lewis & Clark Pioneers football and soccer teams. It is located in Portland, Oregon, featuring an AstroTurf field and a seating capacity of 3,500. It has hosted track and field events as well. The land that the stadium sits on was forested before it was built. In 1952, Graham Griswold donated US$25,000 and lumber towards the erection of a new football stadium, complete with grandstands. The first game that occurred at the stadium took place on October\u00a010, 1953, with Lewis & Clark against the Linfield Wildcats football team. It was officially named \"Griswold Stadium\" in 1954 after the benefactor of the construction project. In 2003, lights were installed at Griswold Stadium allowing for night games. The AstroTurf (GameDay Grass 3D brand) playing surface was purchased for the field in 2010. The school dedicated the field to former player and coach Fred Wilson that year. Located in the stadium is the Eldon Fix Track which was last resurfaced in 1999. In 2012, the grandstands were rebuilt to allow for 3,000 general admission seats and 500 VIP seats. In 1955, the Oregon state high school cross country championships took place at Griswold Stadium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "El Dorado Gate", "paragraph_text": "El Dorado Gate (\u30a8\u30eb\u30c9\u30e9\u30c9\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba ) is a series of Japan-exclusive role-playing video games for the Sega Dreamcast. Its seven volumes were released on a bi-monthly basis in Japan from October 10, 2000 through October 10, 2001.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abd09585542996e802b469b", "question_text": "What year did the musical premiere that was based on the 2007 Irish romantic musical film of the same name?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["2011"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "God's Gift to Women", "paragraph_text": "God's Gift to Women (1931) is an American Pre-Code romantic musical comedy film by Warner Brothers. The film starred Frank Fay, Charles Winninger, Laura LaPlante, Louise Brooks and Joan Blondell. The film was based on the play called \"The Devil Was Sick\" by Jane Hinton, and was originally completed as a musical film. Due to audience distaste for musicals, however, all the songs were cut in American prints. The complete film was released intact in other countries, where there was no such decline in popularity.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Show Boat (1936 film)", "paragraph_text": "Show Boat is a 1936 romantic musical film directed by James Whale, based on the musical of the same name by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II, which in turn was adapted from the novel of the same name by Edna Ferber.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Once (film)", "paragraph_text": "Once is a 2007 Irish romantic musical film written and directed by John Carney. The film stars Glen Hansard and Mark\u00e9ta Irglov\u00e1 as two struggling musicians in Dublin, Ireland. Hansard and Irglov\u00e1 had previously performed music as the Swell Season, and composed and performed the film's original songs.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Kings (2007 film)", "paragraph_text": "Kings is a 2007 Irish film written & directed by Tom Collins and based on Jimmy Murphy's play \"The Kings of the Kilburn High Road\". The film is bilingual, having both Irish and English dialogues. It premiered at the Taormina Film Festival (Italy) in June 2007, and was selected as Ireland's official entry for the 2008 Academy Awards in the best foreign-language film category. The film tells the story of a group of Irish friends who, after emigrating to England 30 years previously, meet for the funeral of a friend. In 2008, the Irish postal service, An Post, issued a series of stamps honouring the Irish film industry. Colm Meaney, as Joe Mullan, was featured on the 55 cent stamp.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "The Cat and the Fiddle (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Cat and the Fiddle is a 1934 American Pre-Code romantic musical film directed by William K. Howard based on the hit 1931 Broadway musical of the same name by Jerome Kern and Otto A. Harbach, about a romance between a struggling composer and an American singer. The film stars Ramon Novarro and Jeanette MacDonald in her MGM debut.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Adaraneeya Kathawak", "paragraph_text": "Adaraneeya Kathawak (English: \"A Melody Of Love\" ) is a 2016 Sri Lankan Sinhala romantic musical film, directed and co-produced by Priyantha Colombage. It was released on 10 June 2016. Starring Hemal Ranasinghe, Udari Warnakulasooriya, Bimal Jayakody and Aruni Rajapaksha in the lead roles. The film has influenced by romantic musical Bollywood film \"Aashiqui 2\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Once (musical)", "paragraph_text": "Once is a musical based on the 2007 film of the same name by John Carney. Like the film, music and lyrics were by Glen Hansard and Mark\u00e9ta Irglov\u00e1, including the Academy Award-winning \"Falling Slowly\". The book for the musical was written by Enda Walsh. The musical premiered at the New York Theatre Workshop in 2011, before transferring to Broadway in 2012. The production received eleven 2012 Tony Award nominations, and won eight including Best Musical, Best Actor and Best Book. The musical also won the 2012 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical and the 2013 Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album. It has since spawned a London production, with a North American Tour which started on 1 October 2013.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Borstal Boy (film)", "paragraph_text": "Borstal Boy is a 2000 British/Irish romantic drama film adaptation of the Brendan Behan autobiographical novel of the same name. The film is written and directed by Irish playwright Peter Sheridan.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ratha Sapthami", "paragraph_text": "Ratha Sapthami (\u0cb0\u0ca5\u0cb8\u0caa\u0ccd\u0ca4\u0cae\u0cbf) is a 1986 Indian-Kannada romantic musical film directed by M. S. Rajashekar and produced by S. A. Govindaraj. The film starred Shivarajkumar in his second venture after \"Anand\" and debutant actress Asha Rani and playwrighter Parvathavani in the lead roles. The film had a musical score composed by Upendra Kumar while the lyrics, screenplay and dialogues were written by Chi. Udaya Shankar. P. Vasu was co-writer of this movie. The movie is based on Kannada novel of same name by Vidyullatha Sasanoor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "South Pacific (1958 film)", "paragraph_text": "South Pacific is a 1958 American romantic musical film based on the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical \"South Pacific\", which in turn based on James A. Michener's short-story collection \"Tales of the South Pacific\". The film, directed by Joshua Logan, starred Rossano Brazzi, Mitzi Gaynor, John Kerr and Ray Walston in the leading roles with Juanita Hall as Bloody Mary, the part that she had played in the original stage production. The film was nominated for three Academy Awards, winning the Academy Award for Best Sound for Fred Hynes.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab3bfd3554299233954ff99", "question_text": " The Nike Hoop Summit has had many current NBA players as former participants, including what German player from the Dallas Mavericks?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Dirk Werner Nowitzki", "Dirk Nowitzki"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Nike Hoop Summit", "paragraph_text": "The Nike Hoop Summit is an international men's basketball all-star game sponsored by Nike, held once a year since 1995, which features the USA Basketball Men's Junior Select Team against a World Select Team of international players. The players demonstrate their skills and hope to attract attention from either NBA scouts or colleges. A number of current NBA players have participated in this event in the past, including Kevin Garnett, Derrick Rose, Kevin Durant, also John Wall for the U.S.A. team, and Dirk Nowitzki, Tony Parker, Nicolas Batum, Serge Ibaka, Enes Kanter, and Patrick Mills for the World Select team. In the 2010 edition of the event, Enes Kanter scored 34 points and surpassed the event's record of 33 points set by Dirk Nowitzki in 1998. Bismack Biyombo recorded the first triple-double in Hoop Summit history in 2011 with 12 points, 11 rebounds, and 10 blocks. In 2012, Shabazz Muhammad scored 35 points to break Enes Kanter's Hoop Summit scoring record.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Seth Curry", "paragraph_text": "Seth Adham Curry (born August 23, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A native of Charlotte, North Carolina, Curry played collegiately for one year at Liberty University before transferring to Duke. He is the son of former NBA player Dell Curry and the younger brother of current NBA player Stephen Curry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Terrance Ferguson", "paragraph_text": "Terrance Eugene Ferguson (born May 17, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He completed high school at Advanced Preparatory International in Dallas, Texas, where he was a top-20 player in the Class of 2016. Ferguson made separate commitments to both Alabama and Arizona before deciding to skip college and play overseas in 2016\u201317. Ferguson is a three-time gold medalist with Team USA, and in 2016, he participated in the McDonald's All-American Game and the Nike Hoop Summit, winning the MVP award at the latter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Dirk Nowitzki", "paragraph_text": "Dirk Werner Nowitzki (] ) (born June 19, 1978) is a German professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). An alumnus of R\u00f6ntgen Gymnasium and the DJK W\u00fcrzburg basketball club, Nowitzki was chosen as the ninth pick in the 1998 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks and immediately traded to the Mavericks, where he has played since. Listed at 7 ft , Nowitzki is considered to be one of the greatest power forwards of all time.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Austin Rivers", "paragraph_text": "Austin James Rivers (born August 1, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Rivers led Winter Park High School to back-to-back Florida 6A state championships in 2010 and 2011. He also played in the 2011 Nike Hoop Summit for the Team USA, and was a McDonald's All-American. He was one of the top rated high school basketball players in the class of 2011, being rated as high as No. 1 by Rivals.com. On September 30, 2010, Rivers committed to Duke University. Rivers gained national recognition after making a game winning 3-pointer against Duke rival North Carolina in 2012. He was drafted with the 10th pick in the NBA draft by the New Orleans Hornets (now Pelicans), playing three seasons there before being traded to the Clippers.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "2010\u201311 Dallas Mavericks season", "paragraph_text": "The 2010\u201311 Dallas Mavericks season was the 31st season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Mavericks won the NBA Championship after defeating the Miami Heat in 6 games in the 2011 NBA Finals. The Mavs playoff run came with a 6-game first round series against the Portland Trail Blazers, a series in which the Mavericks blew a 23-point lead in Game 4, but still won the series. In the conference semi-finals, the Mavericks run was motivated with a sweep of the champions of the previous two seasons, the Los Angeles Lakers. The series against the Lakers also became the birth of the Mavericks Royal Blue-Out games in the AAC, with almost all fans wearing T-shirts that read \"The Time is Now\". In the Western Conference Finals against the Oklahoma City Thunder, the Mavericks won the last 3 games winning by 4th quarter comebacks, to win their second Western Conference Championship, and a trip to the NBA Finals for the first time since 2006, with a rematch against the Heat. Following a disappointing Game 1, the Mavericks pulled the biggest comeback in NBA Finals history in Game 2 to even the series at 1 game each. After a loss in Game 3, the Mavericks won the last two games in Dallas to take a 3\u20132 series lead heading to Game 6 in Miami. The Mavericks won their first NBA Championship in Game 6 to clinch the first major sports championship in the Dallas-Fort Worth area since the Dallas Stars in 1999, and the first title in Mavericks franchise history. The Mavericks are the third team to win an NBA title in the state of Texas, joining the Houston Rockets and San Antonio Spurs. The Mavericks are also the third team to win a major sports championship in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, joining the Dallas Cowboys' five Super Bowl titles and the Dallas Stars' only Stanley Cup, leaving the Texas Rangers as the only team to not win a major sports title in the area, as they have not won the World Series. The Mavericks championship parade was held on June 16, 2011 in downtown Dallas.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Tyus Jones", "paragraph_text": "Tyus Robert Jones (born May 10, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils in his freshman season as part of the 2014\u201315 National Championship team. He was ranked among the top 10 players in the national high school class of 2014 by Rivals.com, Scout.com and ESPN. He was a Minnesota State High School League (MSHSL) Class 4A state champion, three-time Minnesota Associated Press Boys Basketball Player of the Year and three-time Minnesota Boys Basketball Gatorade Player of the Year for Apple Valley High School. He played in the 2014 McDonald's All-American Boys Game, 2014 Jordan Brand Classic and the 2014 Nike Hoop Summit. He won the skills competition at the 2014 McDonald's All-American Game and posted the only double-double in the 2014 Jordan Brand Classic.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1980 NBA Expansion Draft", "paragraph_text": "The 1980 NBA Expansion Draft was the seventh expansion draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on May 28, 1980, so that the newly founded Dallas Mavericks could acquire players for the upcoming 1980\u201381 season. Dallas had been awarded the expansion team on February 3, 1980. In an NBA expansion draft, new NBA teams are allowed to acquire players from the previously established teams in the league. Not all players on a given team are available during an expansion draft, since each team can protect a certain number of players from being selected. In this draft, each of the twenty-two other NBA teams had protected eight players from their roster and the Mavericks selected twenty-two unprotected players, one from each team.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "2011 NBA Finals", "paragraph_text": "The 2011 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 2010\u201311 season, and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. The Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeated the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 to win their first NBA championship. Dallas became the last NBA team from Texas to win its first title, after the Houston Rockets won back-to-back titles in and , and the San Antonio Spurs won four NBA championships in , , and , and a fifth one subsequently in ; all three Texas NBA teams have now won at least one NBA championship. It was also the first time in four years that the Los Angeles Lakers did not make the Finals, having been swept in the Western Conference semifinals by the eventual champion Dallas Mavericks.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Keijuro Matsui", "paragraph_text": "Keijuro Matsui (popularly known as KJ) (born October 16, 1985) was a guard for the Columbia Lions basketball team at Columbia University. He is the first Japanese native basketball player in NCAA Division I history. Matsui also played in the 2005 Nike Hoop Summit for the World Select Team, only the second Japanese to do so. In the summit he scored seven points in 11 minutes.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae8096f5542994a481bbe99", "question_text": "What lawyers were featured in The State of Marriage, with the lawyer nominated by Governor Peter Shumlin?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mary Bonauto, Susan Murray"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Matt Trieber", "paragraph_text": "Matthew A. Trieber, known as Matt Trieber, is an American politician from Bellows Falls, Vermont. A member of the Democratic Party, he is also a member of the Vermont House of Representatives, representing the Windham-3 district. He was appointed to the legislature by Governor Peter Shumlin in January 2011.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Vermont gubernatorial election, 2014", "paragraph_text": "The 2014 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 2014, to elect the Governor of Vermont, concurrently with elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Governor Peter Shumlin ran for re-election to a third term in office against Republican businessman Scott Milne, Libertarian businessman Dan Feliciano and several other minor party and independent candidates.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Beth Robinson", "paragraph_text": "Beth Robinson (born March 6, 1965) is an American lawyer and judge from Vermont who serves on the Vermont Supreme Court. Her nomination, made by Governor Peter Shumlin in October 2011, was confirmed by a unanimous vote of the Vermont Senate on February 7, 2012.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Brookfield, Vermont", "paragraph_text": "Brookfield is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States. It was created by Vermont charter on August 5, 1781. The population was 1,292 at the 2010 census. Brookfield is best known for its floating bridge which spans Sunset Lake buoyed by pontoons. The bridge, which is the only floating bridge east of the Mississippi River, was originally built in 1820 by Luther Adams and his neighbors. Sunset Lake is also the site of an annual ice harvesting festival. Brookfield boasts that it has Vermont's oldest continually operating library dating back to 1791. In 2006, Brookfield was one of the first American towns to have its citizens pass a resolution endorsing the impeachment of President George W. Bush. As of September 2010, the floating bridge was closed for repairs. Work began in 2014, and was completed May 2015. There was a celebration from May 23 \u2013 May 24, 2015, to memorialize the event. Governor Peter Shumlin attended, and cadets from Norwich University provided traffic control.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Helen Riehle", "paragraph_text": "Helen Riehle is an American politician from the state of Vermont who served as a U.S. Republican Party member of the Vermont Senate, representing all of Chittenden County except for the town of Colchester. She is chair of the South Burlington City Council and resides in that city. Having previously served in both the State House and Senate, she was appointed by Governor Peter Shumlin in March 2016 to succeed Diane Snelling, who had earlier resigned.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Vermont gubernatorial election, 2012", "paragraph_text": "The 2012 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2012, to elect the Governor of Vermont. Incumbent governor Peter Shumlin was successful in his re-election bid.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The Point (radio network)", "paragraph_text": "The Point (\"Independent Radio, The Point\") is a radio network operating in the state of Vermont. The station first signed on as a single frequency local Montpelier station (WNCS) in 1977. It was started by Jeb Spaulding who is the current Chancellor of the Vermont State Colleges and former State Treasurer of Vermont and Secretary of Administration under Vermont Governor Peter Shumlin. Although at that time there was no designated Adult Album Alternative format, The Point's programming format has been solidly Adult Album Alternative/Progressive for its entire history.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Deborah Markowitz", "paragraph_text": "Deborah \"Deb\" Markowitz is a Visiting Professor of Environmental Policy and Leadership at the University of Vermont Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources. She served from 2011-2017 as the Secretary of the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources. She was appointed by Vermont Governor Peter Shumlin. Prior to this, Markowitz was elected six times to serve as the Secretary of State of Vermont. Although she is a member of the Democratic Party, she won the nomination of both the Republican and Democratic Parties in two of her races.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The State of Marriage", "paragraph_text": "The State of Marriage is a 2015 documentary film about the origins of the marriage equality movement, focusing on the decades of grassroots advocacy by lawyers Mary Bonauto, Susan Murray, and Beth Robinson and the 1999 Vermont Supreme Court case \"Baker v. Vermont\". The film had its world premiere at the 2015 Provincetown International Film Festival on 18 June 2015. It is written and directed by Jeff Kaufman, and produced by Kaufman and Marcia Ross. Funding for the film's post-production and editing work was partially raised through a successful Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jeb Spaulding", "paragraph_text": "George B. \"Jeb\" Spaulding (born December 28, 1952 in Manchester, Massachusetts) is the current chancellor of the Vermont State Colleges. He previously served as Vermont State Treasurer and as Governor Peter Shumlin's secretary of administration.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7a5b3a5542996c55b2dd71", "question_text": "What building is opposite the ceremonial meeting place of the Accession Council in the United Kingdom?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mark Masons' Hall"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Grange Hall (Murphysboro, Illinois)", "paragraph_text": "The Grange Hall in Somerset Township, Jackson County, Illinois, is the historic meeting place of Somerset Township's chapter of The Grange. Built in 1912, the building was Somerset Grange #1553's second meeting hall; the first building was built in 1876 and burned down in 1909. The red brick building was built by contractor W. A. Pitman in the Commercial style. The Grange Hall served as a meeting place for local farmers to discuss agricultural affairs and propose farm policy to legislators. The National Farmers Union's newspaper, the \"Union Farmer\", was published from the Somerset Grange Hall until 1914. The building also served as a local social center and hosted township elections, club meetings, and community events. The hall was rehabilitated in 1988; it still serves as a township polling place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Accession Council", "paragraph_text": "In the United Kingdom, the Accession Council is a ceremonial body which assembles in St James's Palace upon the death of a monarch (Demise of the Crown), to formally proclaim the accession of his or her successor to the throne. Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701, a new monarch succeeds automatically. The proclamation confirms by name the identity of the heir who has succeeded.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Great Hall of the People", "paragraph_text": "The Great Hall of the People is a state building located at the western edge of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. It is used for legislative and ceremonial activities by the People's Republic of China (PRC) government and the ruling Communist Party of China. The Great Hall functions as the meeting place for the full sessions of the Chinese parliament, the National People's Congress (NPC), which occurs every year during March along with the national session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a political advisory body. It is also the meeting place of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which, since 1982, has occurred once every five years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mark Masons' Hall, London", "paragraph_text": "Mark Masons' Hall in London is the headquarters of The Grand Lodge of Mark Master Masons of England and Wales, which also controls the Royal Ark Mariner degree. It is located in 86 St James's Street in the central London district of St James's, opposite St James's Palace. While Freemasons' Hall is the headquarters of the United Grand Lodge of England and the Supreme Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of England, Mark Masons' Hall is the home of several other important appendant orders of Freemasonry in England and Wales.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Blackman-Bosworth Store", "paragraph_text": "Blackman-Bosworth Store, also known as Bosworth Store Building, S.N. Bosworth's Cheap Cash Store, David Blackman's Store, and Randolph County Museum, is a historic general store located at Beverly, Randolph County, West Virginia, United States. It consists of the original section, built about 1828, with an addition built in 1894. The original section is a two-story brick building on a cut-stone foundation. In addition to being operated as a general store into the 1920s, the building had short-term use as county courthouse, post office and semi-official meeting place. In 1973, the Randolph County Historical Society purchased the property, and it now serves as the Randolph County Museum and as a meeting place.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pollokshields Burgh Hall", "paragraph_text": "The Pollokshields Burgh Hall stands at the edge of Maxwell Park, Glasgow, Scotland. Designed by Henry Edward Clifford and constructed in 17th-century Scottish Baronial style, this was opened in 1890 by Sir John Stirling Maxwell as a Masonic Meeting Place and for the use of the community but served the independent burgh of Pollokshields only until 1891 when the rapidly expanding city swallowed up the area. The hall contained various council offices and a courtroom. It continues to this day as a Masonic meeting place, hence the numerous Masonic symbols in the carvings (especially at the back of the building) and in the stained-glass windows.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "St James's Palace", "paragraph_text": "St James's Palace is the most senior royal palace in the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, although no longer the principal residence of the monarch, it is the ceremonial meeting place of the Accession Council and the London residence of several members of the royal family.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Crowther Masonic Hall", "paragraph_text": "Crowther Masonic Hall or Freemasons' Hall in Kollam is a part of the Grand Lodge of India and it was a meeting place for many Masonic Lodges in the Quilon(Kollam) area. It is near Kochupilamoodu in Kollam city and has been a Masonic meeting place since 1806. The building is now considered as a historic monument of Freemasonry activities in ancient Travancore area.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada", "paragraph_text": "In the Canadian cabinet, the President of The Queen's Privy Council for Canada (French: \"President du Conseil priv\u00e9 de la Reine pour le Canada\" ) is nominally in charge of the Privy Council Office. The President of the Privy Council also has the largely ceremonial duty of presiding over meetings of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, a body which only convenes in full for affairs of state such as the accession of a new Sovereign or the marriage of the Prince of Wales or heir presumptive to the Throne (see Monarchy in Canada). Accordingly, the last time the President of the Privy Council had to preside over a meeting of the Privy Council was in 1981 on the occasion of Charles, Prince of Wales' engagement to Lady Diana Spencer. It is the equivalent of the office of Lord President of the Council in the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Warriparinga", "paragraph_text": "Warriparinga (meaning \"Windy Place\" in the local Kaurna language) is a nature reserve comprising 3.5 ha in the metropolitan suburb of Bedford Park, in the southern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. It has historical, cultural and environmental significance as a traditional Kaurna ceremonial meeting place and as a site of early European settlement. Also known as Fairford, Laffer's Triangle and the Sturt Triangle, Warriparinga is bordered by Marion Road, Sturt Road and South Road, and is traversed by the Sturt River as it exists from Sturt Gorge to travel west across the Adelaide Plains.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8f0986554299458435d535", "question_text": "Gerd Neggo trained under the founder of which type of dance analysis?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Laban Movement Analysis"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Paradigmatic analysis", "paragraph_text": "Paradigmatic analysis is the analysis of paradigms embedded in the text rather than of the surface structure (syntax) of the text which is termed syntagmatic analysis. Paradigmatic analysis often uses commutation tests, i.e. analysis by substituting words of the same type or class to calibrate shifts in connotation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Netchain analysis", "paragraph_text": "Netchain analysis is a theoretical concept integrating supply chain management and network analysis which was introduced by Lazzarini, Chaddad and Cook in 2001. While supply chain analysis focuses on vertical and network analysis on horizontal inderdependencies across companies, netchain analysis incorporates both type of interdependencies into one concept. Netchain analysis emphasizes value creation and coordination mechanism sources corresponding to different kind of interdependencies. In practice, netchain analysis is often used in a more general way referring to the perspective that takes into account chain and network characteristics as well. However, it differs in the focus and in the tools used from network science.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Rudolf von Laban", "paragraph_text": "Rudolf von Laban, also known as Rudolf Laban (Hungarian: \"Rezs\u0151 L\u00e1b\u00e1n de V\u00e1raljas, L\u00e1b\u00e1n Rezs\u0151, L\u00e1b\u00e1n Rudolf\" ) (15 December 1879 \u2013 1 July 1958), was a dance artist and theorist. He is notable as one of the pioneers of modern dance in Europe. His work laid the foundations for Laban Movement Analysis, Labanotation (Kinetography Laban), other more specific developments in dance notation and the evolution of many varieties of Laban Movement Study. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in the history of dance.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Irmgard Bartenieff", "paragraph_text": "Irmgard Bartenieff (1900 Berlin - 1981 New York City) was a dance theorist, dancer, choreographer, physical therapist, and a leading pioneer of dance therapy. A student of Rudolf Laban, she pursued cross-cultural dance analysis, and generated a new vision of possibilities for human movement and movement training. From her experiences applying Laban\u2019s concepts of dynamism, three-dimensional movement and mobilization to the rehabilitation of people affected by polio in the 1940s, she went on to develop her own set of movement methods and exercises, known as Bartenieff Fundamentals.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Typestate analysis", "paragraph_text": "Typestate analysis, sometimes called protocol analysis, is a form of program analysis employed in programming languages. It is most commonly applied to object-oriented languages. Typestates define valid sequences of operations that can be performed upon an instance of a given type. Typestates, as the name suggests, associate state information with variables of that type. This state information is used to determine at compile-time which operations are valid to be invoked upon an instance of the type. Operations performed on an object that would usually only be executed at run-time are performed upon the type state information which is modified to be compatible with the new state of the object.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Optimal discriminant analysis", "paragraph_text": "Optimal Discriminant Analysis (ODA) and the related classification tree analysis (CTA) are exact statistical methods that maximize predictive accuracy. For any specific sample and exploratory or confirmatory hypothesis, optimal discriminant analysis (ODA) identifies the statistical model that yields maximum predictive accuracy, assesses the exact Type I error rate, and evaluates potential cross-generalizability. Optimal discriminant analysis may be applied to >\u00a00 dimensions, with the one-dimensional case being referred to as UniODA and the multidimensional case being referred to as MultiODA. Classification tree analysis is a generalization of optimal discriminant analysis to non-orthogonal trees. Classification tree analysis has more recently been called \"hierarchical optimal discriminant analysis\". Optimal discriminant analysis and classification tree analysis may be used to find the combination of variables and cut points that best separate classes of objects or events. These variables and cut points may then be used to reduce dimensions and to then build a statistical model that optimally describes the data.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "ZEIT-Stiftung", "paragraph_text": "The charitable foundation Zeit-Stiftung Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius (house style: ZEIT-Stiftung) is registered in Hamburg. Its aim is to fund projects in research and scholarship, arts and culture, as well as education and training. It was founded in 1971 by Gerd Bucerius and carries the name of the founder, the title of the weekly newspaper \"Die Zeit\", which he co-founded, and the nickname of his second wife, Gertrud Ebel, \"Ebelin\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Nissen fundoplication", "paragraph_text": "A Nissen fundoplication, or laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication when performed via laparoscopic surgery, is a surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia. In GERD, it is usually performed when medical therapy has failed; but, with a Type II (paraesophageal) hiatus hernia, it is the first-line procedure. The Nissen fundoplication is total (360\u00b0), but partial fundoplications known as Thal (270\u00b0 anterior), Belsey (270\u00b0 anterior transthoracic), Dor (anterior 180\u2013200\u00b0), Lind (300\u00b0 posterior), and Toupet fundoplications (posterior 270\u00b0) are alternative procedures with somewhat different indications and outcomes.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Alcohol congener analysis", "paragraph_text": "Alcohol congener analysis of blood and urine is used to provide an indication of the type of alcoholic beverage consumed. The analysis involves investigating compounds called congeners that give the beverage a distinctive appearance, aroma, and flavour, not including water and ethanol. The theory of discovering one\u2019s drinking habits has been investigated since the late 1970s, predominantly in Germany, for \"hip-flask\" defence type cases (after-drinking). Alcohol congener analysis can play a crucial role in these cases where the driver is apprehended some time after a motor vehicle incident who, when returning a positive alcohol reading then claim that this is due to drinking an alcoholic beverage only after the incident. This traditional methodology for congener analysis has focused solely on the detection of fermentation by-product congeners that are found in all alcoholic beverages. By comparing the ratios of a set standard of congeners, the ingested alcoholic beverage type is proposed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Gerd Neggo", "paragraph_text": "Gerd Neggo (9 November 1891 \u2013 1 September 1974) was an Estonian dancer, dance teacher and choreographer. She studied the musical response methods of \u00c9. Jaques-Dalcroze, trained under Rudolf von Laban in Hamburg, Germany, and in 1924 established her own dance studio at Tallinn, Estonia, and promoted modern dance and mime based on classical ballet. During the Soviet occupation of Estonia, she and her husband Paul Olak migrated to Sweden. Her contributions to the cultural heritage of Estonia, as the founder of modern dance and mime in her country, is recognised via a scholarship, awarded annually since 2011.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a859a0c5542992a431d1b69", "question_text": "Do both Icehouse pieces and El Grande come from the same game?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "The Jono El Grande Orchestra", "paragraph_text": "The Jono El Grande Orchestra was formed in 2000 by composer Jono El Grande. TJEGO exclusively performs Jono El Grande's music and consists of selected musicians who have played with Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra, Oslo Sinfonietta and Poing.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Icehouse pieces", "paragraph_text": "Icehouse pieces, or Icehouse Pyramids, Treehouse pieces, Treehouse Pyramids and officially Looney Pyramids, are nestable and stackable pyramid-shaped gaming pieces and a game system. The game system was invented by Andrew Looney and John Cooper in 1987, originally for use in the game of Icehouse.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "El Grande", "paragraph_text": "El Grande is a German-style board game for 2-5 players, designed by Wolfgang Kramer and Richard Ulrich, and published in 1995 by Hans im Gl\u00fcck in German, by Rio Grande Games in English, and by 999 Games in Dutch. The game board represents renaissance-era Spain where the nobility (the Grandes) fight for control of the nine regions. \"El Grande\" was awarded the Spiel des Jahres prize and the Deutscher Spiele Preis in 1996.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Treehouse (game)", "paragraph_text": "Treehouse is a game in which players try to get their configuration of Icehouse pieces to match the central configuration, shared by all players. The rolling of the special \"Treehouse Die\" tells the player what kind of move to make to change his own or the central configuration, and then he does so to best move towards the goal.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Basilica of San Francisco el Grande, Madrid", "paragraph_text": "The Royal Basilica of San Francisco el Grande (in Spanish : Real Bas\u00edlica de san Francisco el Grande) is a Roman Catholic church in central Madrid, Spain, located in the Barrio (neighborhood) of La Latina. The main fa\u00e7ade faces the Plaza of San Francisco, at the intersection of Bail\u00e9n, the Gran V\u00eda de san Francisco, and the Carrera de san Francisco. It forms part of the convent of Jes\u00fas y Mar\u00eda of the Franciscan order. The convent was founded in the 13th century at the site of a chapel.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ignacio Ram\u00edrez", "paragraph_text": "Juan Ignacio Paulino Ram\u00edrez Calzada, known as Ignacio Ram\u00edrez, (22 June 1818 \u2013 15 June 1879) was a Mexican writer, poet, journalist, lawyer, atheist, and political libertarian from San Miguel de Allende, then called San Miguel el Grande. His father had been a prominent federalist politician. In writings, Ram\u00edrez used the pen name, El Nigromante (The Necromancer). He defended the rights of Indians. Ram\u00edrez worked with Guillermo Prieto to start the satirical periodical, \"Don Simplicio\". Ram\u00edrez is considered a member of the \"'romantic generation' of Mexican liberals\" coinciding with the Liberal Reform; others were Ponciano Arriaga, Miguel Lerdo de Tejada, Melchor Ocampo, and Guillermo Prieto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ignacio L\u00f3pez de Ayala", "paragraph_text": "He was a professor of poetry at the Reales Estudios de San Isidro in Madrid. He authored a neoclassical tragedy, \"Numancia destruida\" (1775). His works were mainly heroic romances. He was also a respected historian, authoring history books on Frederick the Great (\"Historia de Federico el Grande, rey de Prusia\") (1782), the History of Gibraltar (\"Historia de Gibraltar\") (1782) and the Council of Trent (\"El sacrosanto y ecum\u00e9nico concilio de Trento\") (1787). These works gained him membership of the Real Academia de la Historia. In his later years he also wrote on astronomy, \"Disertaciones astron\u00f3micas\" and \"Filosof\u00eda moral de Arist\u00f3teles\", astronomical dissertations and the moral philosophy of Aristotle. He was a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. He died on 24 April 1789 in Tarifa.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Zapotl\u00e1n el Grande", "paragraph_text": "Zapotl\u00e1n el Grande (also known as Guzm\u00e1n, and Ciudad Guzm\u00e1n) is a municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco. There are several meaninings given to the root name of the \"Zapotl\u00e1n el Grande\" \"TzapoTl is the name given to all the round fruits from the general region. Another well known fact among the locals it states The full name Zapotl\u00e1n means my round fruits in the ancient language. round sweet fruits not exactly zapotes as most people believe; however it means Guavas, Tunas, Tejocotes, Cherries found in this region and still found in the low wet valleys. A new theory of the name is Tzapot which ends with Tzapotlan and it refers to the goddess of medicine named Tzaputlatena.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Francisco Lemus Mu\u00f1oz", "paragraph_text": "Francisco Isa\u00edas Lemus Mu\u00f1oz Ledo (born 23 February 1961) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. In 2003 he was Deputy plurinominal Local PAN in Guanajuato LVIII Legislature . President of the Commission of Public Works and Urban Development ; Member of the Commission of Education, Culture and Publishing Affairs ; Member of the Committee on Environment and Ecology. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guanajuato, 1991 candidate for alderman of the municipality of Apaseo El Grande, Guanajuato 1994 candidate for mayor of Apaseo El Grande, Guanajuato, PAN 1996 active members, 1997 PAN candidate of a local deputy Guanajuato, from 1997 to 2000 Secretary of organization of CDM PAN Apaseo el Grande, Guanajuato, from 1997 to 2002 Political Advisor in the CDM PAN Apaseo el Grande, Guanajuato, from 2001 to 2003 State Counsel in the CDE PAN in Leon, Guanajuato", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Sergio Villarreal Barrag\u00e1n", "paragraph_text": "Sergio Enrique Villarreal Barrag\u00e1n, a.k.a. El Grande, (b. September 21, 1969), is a former Mexican federal police officer who then worked as a lieutenant for Arturo Beltr\u00e1n Leyva of the criminal organization called the Beltr\u00e1n Leyva Cartel. He got his name \"El Grande\" (\"The Big One\") because he is 6 ft tall. He was the leader of \"cartel del sur\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8a5bd355429970aeb702b9", "question_text": "Falling Stars is a role-playing game published by the company based out of what country?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Lithuania"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "EverQuest Role-Playing Game", "paragraph_text": "EverQuest Role-Playing Game is a role-playing game based on the \"EverQuest\" fantasy massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). The game was published by White Wolf under its Sword and Sorcery Studios imprint. \"EverQuest Role-Playing Game\" shares many things with the MMORPG, such as setting, available races and classes, monsters, spells, and items.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Universe (role-playing game)", "paragraph_text": "Universe: The Role-Playing Game of the Future is a science fiction role-playing game published by Simulation Publications, Inc (SPI) from 1981 to 1983. It was praised for its innovative and tightly organized rules for such sci-fi RPG concerns as generating planets, applying character skills to in-game situations, and resolving the initial moments of alien encounters; however, it was also criticized for its cumbersome encounter/combat system and its lack of compelling background material. \"Universe\" was also noted for its \"striking\" Interstellar Display, a poster-sized, astronomically accurate map of all stars within 30 light-years of Earth.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Falling Stars (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Falling Stars is a role-playing video game developed by Ivolgamus and published by Nordcurrent in Europe and by Agetec in North America. It was released on August 24, 2007 in Europe for Microsoft Windows and the PlayStation 2 and on August 26, 2008 in the United States for the PlayStation 2. The game is aimed at young children and was released with a price point lower than most PS2 games.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Matt James (game designer)", "paragraph_text": "Matt James (born 1981) is an American game designer and a decorated veteran of the United States Army. As a game designer, James is best known for his online and print works for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game published by Wizards of the Coast, \"Pathfinder\" role-playing game by Paizo, and Privateer Press. He has also designed game content for Wolfgang Baur's Kobold Press (formerly Open Design LLC). In 2012 James won an ENnie Award for \"\" and has been nominated for several Origins Awards. In 2014, James won an ENnie Award for \"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Nordcurrent", "paragraph_text": "Nordcurrent is a Lithuanian and international developer and publisher of casual game and Freemium games for the iOS, Android, Amazon, PC and Mac platforms.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Stormbringer (role-playing game)", "paragraph_text": "The Stormbringer fantasy role-playing game published by Chaosium puts the players in the world of the Young Kingdoms, based on the Elric of Melnibon\u00e9 books by Michael Moorcock. The game takes its name from Elric's sword, Stormbringer (though one edition was published as \"Elric!\") and uses the Basic Role-Playing game system, a percentile-dice-based system used in many role-playing games designed by Chaosium.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "The World of Indiana Jones", "paragraph_text": "The World of Indiana Jones is a role-playing game published by West End Games, based on the Indiana Jones franchise. West End Games acquired the rights to publish an Indiana Jones role-playing game ten years after the publication of TSR's \"The Adventures of Indiana Jones Role-Playing Game\" (1984).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "James Bond 007 (role-playing game)", "paragraph_text": "James Bond 007: Role-Playing In Her Majesty's Secret Service is a spy fiction role-playing game based on the James Bond books and films. The game was designed by Gerard Christopher Klug and published by Victory Games (a branch of Avalon Hill). The game and its supplements were published from 1983 until 1987, when the license lapsed. At that time, it was the most popular espionage role-playing game. \"James Bond 007: Role-Playing In Her Majesty's Secret Service\" won an Origins Award in 1983 and a Strategists' Club Award as Outstanding Role-Playing Game in 1984.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Macross II: The Role-Playing Game", "paragraph_text": "Macross II: The Role-Playing Game is a role-playing game published by Palladium Books in 1993. Based on the \"Macross II\" mecha OVA and manga series, the game is structured around Palladium's Megaversal damage system.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Advanced d20 Magic", "paragraph_text": "Advanced d20 Magic is an alternative spellcasting system for the \"Dungeons and Dragons\" role-playing game and the d20 System role-playing game. It is published by Guardians of Order, the producers of the Big Eyes Small Mouth game and the Slayers d20 game. The system presents a DC-based Magic System similar to the Sovereign Stone game published by Sovereign Press.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a89d2d75542992e4fca83d2", "question_text": "What country of origin does Shawnee Trail and Great Indian Warpath have in common?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["American", "United States"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Warriors' Path State Park", "paragraph_text": "Warriors' Path State Park is a 950\u00a0acre (3.84\u00a0km\u00b2) Tennessee State Park in Colonial Heights, Kingsport, Sullivan County, Tennessee, in the United States. It is named for the Great Indian Warpath that was used by the Iroquois in war raids with the Cherokee and other tribes. The park is located around the Fort Patrick Henry Reservoir and Duck Island on the South Fork Holston River. This land was acquired from the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1952.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Catawba Trail", "paragraph_text": "The Catawba Trail is a trail developed and used by Native Americans that leads from the Carolinas northerly into Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania. Its several branches led from western Virginia, through West Virginia, Kentucky, and eastern Tennessee. It is a part of the Great Indian Warpath. Its South Carolina and North Carolina origination passes through the Unaka Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Great Indian Warpath", "paragraph_text": "The Great Indian Warpath (GIW)\u2014also known as the Great Indian War and Trading Path, or the Seneca Trail\u2014was that part of the network of trails in eastern North America developed and used by Native Americans which ran through the Great Appalachian Valley. The system of footpaths (the Warpath branched off in several places onto alternate routes and over time shifted westward in some regions) extended from what is now upper New York state to deep within Alabama. Various Indians traded and made war along the trails, including the Catawba, numerous Algonquian tribes, the Cherokee, and the Iroquois Confederacy. The British traders' name for the route was derived from combining its name among the northeastern Algonquian tribes, \"Mishimayagat\" or \"Great Trail\", with that of the Shawnee and Delaware, \"Athawominee\" or \"Path where they go armed\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Warriors Path State Park", "paragraph_text": "Warriors Path State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on 349 acre in Liberty Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is named for the Great Indian Warpath that was used by the Iroquois in war raids with the Cherokee and other tribes. Warriors Path State Park is surrounded on three sides by the Raystown Branch Juniata River. The park is a seasonal day use park.The park can be accessed by foot from the main gate when the gate is closed November through mid April.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Shawnee Trail (West Virginia)", "paragraph_text": "The Shawnee Trail was the white settlers' name for an American Indian trail in what is now eastern West Virginia, USA. It was a segment (or branch) of the much larger Indian trail network known as the Great Indian Warpath, which stretched from New York to Alabama. The GIW was referred to from this point north as the \"Seneca Trail\". Thus, in pioneer days, the segment known as the Shawnee Trail was often also referred to as the Seneca Trail.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "U.S. Route 219", "paragraph_text": "U.S. Route 219 is a spur of U.S. Route 19. It runs for 535 mi from West Seneca, New York at an interchange with Interstate 90, to Rich Creek, Virginia, intersecting at U.S. Route 460. U.S. 219 is found (from north to south) in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. Much of the Route in West Virginia follows the old Indian warpath known as the Seneca Trail (Great Indian Warpath).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Kutch Bustard Sanctuary", "paragraph_text": "Kutch Bustard Sanctuary or Kachchh Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary, also known as Lala\u2013Parjan Sanctuary, is located near Jakhau village in Nalia Taluka, Kutch District, Gujarat, India. This sanctuary is one of the two great Indian bustard sanctuaries in Gujarat; the other one is in Jamnagar. It was declared as a sanctuary in July 1992, specifically for the conservation of the great Indian bustard, the heaviest flying bird belonging to the avian family of Otididae. However, the sanctuary presently legally covers a protected area of about 2 km2 of area (202.86 ha of fenced land only and is the smallest sanctuary in the country. Several suggestions have been made to vastly increase the size of this sanctuary as it is a breeding ground of the endangered great Indian bustard. The reason is that its ecological zone is much larger on account of anthropogenic and cattle population pressure that are considered as a \u2018biotic threat\u2019 to this omnivorous species.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Gustaf Dalstrom", "paragraph_text": "Gustaf Dalstrom (1893-1971) was an American artist and muralist. From 1927, he served as president of the Chicago Society of Artists. During the Great Depression he contributed several mural paintings to public schools and post offices through the Treasury Department Section of Painting and Sculpture (later called The Treasury Section of Fine Arts). One of his murals that can still be viewed today is The Great Indian Council - 1833. The mural was originally featured in 1938, paired with a mural his wife, Frances Foy, created in The Old Main Post Office of Chicago. \"The Great Indian Council - 1833\" can be viewed in the current location of the South Loop Post Office in Chicago, Illinois.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Texas Road", "paragraph_text": "The Texas Road, also known as the Shawnee Trail, Sedalia Trail or the Kansas Trail, was a major trade and emigrant route to Texas across Indian Territory (later Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri). Established during the Mexican War by emigrants rushing to Texas, it remained an important route across Indian Territory until Oklahoma statehood. The Shawnee Trail was the earliest and easternmost route by which Texas Longhorn cattle were taken to the north. It played a significant role in the history of Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri and Kansas in the early and mid-1800s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Great Indian Comedy Show", "paragraph_text": "Originally The Great Indian Comedy Show, The Comedy Show ha ha ha is a half-hour stand-up and sketch comedy show in Hindi. The program was first aired in October 2004. The program, hosted by various members of the ensemble, others to host include: winners of The Great Indian Laughter Challenge. In 2007, the program was renamed hanso India hanso due to confusion between \"The Great Indian Comedy Show\" and \"The Great Indian Laughter Challenge\".", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ac4920d5542996feb3fe8d3", "question_text": "When was the designer of the Disneyland attraction with variants in California, France, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and the Tomorrowland Speedway born?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["October 25, 1931"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jungle Cruise", "paragraph_text": "The Jungle Cruise is an attraction located in Adventureland at many Disney Parks, including Disneyland, Magic Kingdom, and Tokyo Disneyland. At Hong Kong Disneyland, the attraction is named Jungle River Cruise. Disneyland Paris and Shanghai Disneyland are the only Magic Kingdom-style Disney parks that do not have the Jungle Cruise in their attraction rosters.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Hong Kong Disneyland", "paragraph_text": "Hong Kong Disneyland () is a theme park located on reclaimed land in Penny's Bay, Lantau Island. It is located inside the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort and it is owned and managed by Hong Kong International Theme Parks. It is, together with Ocean Park Hong Kong, one of the two large theme parks in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Disneyland opened to visitors on Monday, 12 September 2005 at 13:00 HKT. Disney attempted to avoid problems of cultural backlash by incorporating Chinese culture, customs, and traditions when designing and building the resort, including adherence to the rules of feng shui. For instance, a bend was put in a walkway near the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort entrance so good qi energy wouldn't flow into the South China Sea.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Playhouse Disney Hong Kong", "paragraph_text": "Playhouse Disney Hong Kong is a Playhouse Disney-branded pay cable television channel for viewers in Hong Kong based in Kowloon Peninsula and is available in 3-national languages: English, Cantonese and Chinese. This channel is only available on Cable TV Hong Kong in Hong Kong on Channel 136, Now TV in Hong Kong on Channel 442 and HKBN bbTV in Hong Kong on Channel 312. The old name for Playhouse Disney Hong Kong was Disney Channel Asia. English, Cantonese and Chinese are available 24-hours in daily. Playhouse Disney Hong Kong's main competitors are Hong Kong Disneyland. Lindsay Lohan was the ambassador for Playhouse Disney Hong Kong.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Mystic Point", "paragraph_text": "Mystic Point () is a section of Hong Kong Disneyland that officially opened to the public on 17 May 2013. Prior to that it had a soft opening for a selected audience. It is set in a dense, uncharted rain forest surrounded by mysterious forces and supernatural events. The site features Mystic Manor, a Haunted Mansion style attraction with the same trackless ride system developed at Pooh's Hunny Hunt in Tokyo Disneyland. Mystic Point, along with Grizzly Gulch and Toy Story Land has been exclusive to Hong Kong Disneyland among all Disney theme parks for 5 years from opening. Composer Danny Elfman scored the music for the Mystic Manor dark ride attraction. It is the final land to open in Hong Kong Disneyland's three land expansion plan approved in July 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bob Gurr", "paragraph_text": "Robert Henry \"Bob\" Gurr (born October 25, 1931 in Los Angeles, California) is an American amusement ride designer and Imagineer. His most famous work was for Walt Disney's Disneyland Park, and its subsequent sister parks. Gurr is said to have designed most, if not all, of the ride vehicles of the Disneyland attractions, including Autopia, Haunted Mansion, the Disneyland Monorail, the Submarine Voyage, and the Matterhorn Bobsleds. He was named a Disney Legend in 2004. He also worked on the King Kong Encounter animatronic for Universal Studios Hollywood.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Snow White Grotto", "paragraph_text": "Snow White Grotto is an attraction at Disneyland in Anaheim, California which originally opened on April 9, 1961, Tokyo Disneyland at the Tokyo Disney Resort in Japan in 1983, and at Hong Kong Disneyland in Hong Kong in 2005. It is a wishing well located at the east of Sleeping Beauty Castle for Disneyland and west for Hong Kong Disneyland and Cinderella Castle for Tokyo Disneyland. Guests can throw a coin and make a wish in front of the grotto.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Skyway (Disney)", "paragraph_text": "The Skyway was a gondola lift attraction at Disneyland, at the Magic Kingdom, and at Tokyo Disneyland. Since all versions of this attraction took riders back and forth between Fantasyland and Tomorrowland, the route from Tomorrowland was called Skyway to Fantasyland, and the route from Fantasyland was called Skyway to Tomorrowland.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Rocket Jets", "paragraph_text": "Rocket Jets was an attraction in Disneyland at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California. This attraction opened in 1967 with the new Tomorrowland and closed in 1997 for the 1998 New Tomorrowland. It was the third spinning rocket attraction in Tomorrowland and stood three stories above the ground. When Tomorrowland was redone for 1998, the Rocket Jets were replaced by a new attraction based on Orbitron at the entrance to Discoveryland in Disneyland Park Paris.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Iron Man Experience", "paragraph_text": "Iron Man Experience (Traditional Chinese: \u9435\u7532\u5947\u4fe0\u98db\u884c\u4e4b\u65c5) is a 3-D motion simulator attraction in Tomorrowland at Hong Kong Disneyland, which opened on 11 January 2017. The attraction is based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man, becoming the first Disney attraction to be based on a Marvel property. Set at the fictional Stark Expo, the attraction features Tony Stark recruiting guests to fend off extraterrestrial beings that are attacking Hong Kong.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Autopia", "paragraph_text": "Autopia is a Disneyland attraction, in which patrons steer specially designed cars through an enclosed track. Versions of Autopia exist at Anaheim, California and Disneyland Paris in Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e, France. There was also an Autopia at Hong Kong Disneyland on Lantau Island, Hong Kong before it closed on June 11, 2016. Other versions of the attraction can be found at the Magic Kingdom as the Tomorrowland Speedway and formerly at Tokyo Disneyland as the Grand Circuit Raceway.", "is_supporting": true}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a7fb1765542992e7d278d20", "question_text": "Why does the City of Boston get their christmas tree from Ainslee Glen Nova Scotia?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["for their assistance after the 1917 Halifax Explosion"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Christmas tree production in Canada", "paragraph_text": "Christmas tree production in Canada totals from 3 to 6 million trees annually. Trees are produced in many of the provinces of Canada but the nation's leading producers are found in Quebec, Nova Scotia and Ontario, which account for 80 percent of Canadian tree production. Of the 900,000 trees produced annually in British Columbia, most are cut from native pine stands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ainslie Glen, Nova Scotia", "paragraph_text": "Ainslie Glen (Scottish Gaelic: \"Gleann nam M\u00e0gan\" ) is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Inverness County on Cape Breton Island. In 2016, a tree on Crown Lands was chosen to become the Boston Christmas Tree.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Boston Christmas Tree", "paragraph_text": "The Boston Christmas Tree is the City of Boston, Massachusetts' official Christmas tree. A tree has been lit each year since 1941, and since 1971 it has been given to the people of Boston by the people of Nova Scotia in thanks for their assistance after the 1917 Halifax Explosion. The tree is lit in the Boston Common throughout the Christmas season.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Benjamin Green (merchant)", "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Green (July 1, 1713 \u2013 October 14, 1772) was a merchant, judge and political figure in Nova Scotia. He served as administrator for Nova Scotia in 1766 and from 1771 to 1772. He was born in Salem Village (later Danvers, Massachusetts), the son of the Reverend Joseph Green and Elizabeth Gerrish, and entered business with his brothers in Boston. In 1737, he married Margaret Pierce. He was secretary to William Pepperrell, who led the attack against Louisbourg in 1745, and served as treasurer for the forces from New England and secretary for the council that administered Louisbourg after its capture. In 1749, he went to Halifax, where he was named to Edward Cornwallis's Nova Scotia Council and also served as naval officer. Green was also judge in the vice admiralty court; he resigned in 1753. In 1750, he became secretary to the Council and provincial treasurer. Green was named a justice of the peace in 1760. While in England to assist in auditing the accounts of Peregrine Thomas Hopson, he had to defend himself against charges of assigning contracts to Malachy Salter in exchange for a share in the profits. He was reprimanded but allowed to retain his posts. During his term as administrator in 1766, he was criticized by the provincial assembly for not following the correct procedures for dealing with the provincial finances. Green resigned his post as provincial treasurer in 1768, citing poor health.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "French Village, Nova Scotia", "paragraph_text": "French Village is a rural community of the Halifax Regional Municipality in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia on Chebucto Peninsula. French village initially included present day villages of Tantallon, Glen Haven and French Village. The French that migrated to the area were French speaking families from the Principality of Montbeliard (annexed by France 1793)and known as the \"Foreign Protestants\". They had come to Nova Scotia between 1750 and 1752 to settle Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. Contrary to belief, they were not Huguenots. In 1901, the Halifax and Southwestern Railway was built through the area and the railway choose the name French Village for the station serving the three communities. The French Village station, actually located in Tantallon, has been preserved as a cafe beside the recreational trail that follows the old Halifax & Southwestern Railway roadbed.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Christmas Island, Nova Scotia", "paragraph_text": "Christmas Island, Nova Scotia \"(Scottish Gaelic: Eilean na Nollaig)\" is a Canadian community of the Cape Breton Regional Municipality in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. It has a post office, a firehall and a very small population. It also has a beach with access to the Bras d'Or lakes, and a pond that runs into the lake. Christmas Island got its name because of a native that lived there whose surname was Christmas. He died on Ghost Island, adjacent to the beach. The original inhabitants of the land, the Mi'kmaw people, called the area \"Abadakwich\u00e9ch\", which means \"the small reserved portion.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Malachy Salter", "paragraph_text": "Malachy Salter (February 28, 1715 \u2013 January 13, 1781), a Nova Scotia merchant and office-holder, was born at Boston, second son of Malachy Salter and Sarah Holmes. He married Susanna Mulberry, on 26 July 1744 in Boston, and they had at least 11 children. He died at Halifax, Nova Scotia and is buried in the Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia) (His son Malachi Salter (d.1752) has the oldest grave marker in the burying ground).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Chicago Christmas Tree", "paragraph_text": "The first official Christmas tree in the city of Chicago was installed in 1913 in Grant Park and lit on Christmas Eve by then-mayor Carter Harrison. This first tree was a 35 ft tall spruce tree. In December 1956 the official tree, though still installed in Grant Park (at Michigan Avenue and Congress Parkway), was not an individual tree. The tree was a combination of many smaller trees, stood 70 ft tall, and was decorated with over 4000 lights and 2000 ornaments. Beginning with Christmas 1966 the official Chicago Christmas tree was placed in Civic Center Plaza, now known as Daley Plaza. With the exception of 1981, the tree has been installed in Daley Plaza ever since.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Mount Ingino Christmas Tree", "paragraph_text": "The Mount Ingino Christmas Tree is a lighting illumination in the shape of a Christmas tree that is installed annually on the slopes of Mount Ingino (Monte Ingino in Italian) outside the city of Gubbio, in Umbria region in Italy. The tree is also called the Gubbio Christmas Tree or \"the biggest Christmas tree in the world\". In 1991 the Guinness Book of Records named it \"The World's Largest Christmas Tree\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Foster Hutchinson (jurist)", "paragraph_text": "Foster Hutchinson Jr. (d. 1815) was a member of the Nova Scotia Council and one of the Puisne judges of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. He was the only son of Foster Hutchinson (judge), Sr., the nephew of Governor of Massuchsetts Thomas Hutchinson and grandchild of Governor of Nova Scotia Paul Mascarene. He arrived in Halifax from Boston with his father as Loyalists (1776). Hutchinson became a lawyer and worked under Chief Justice Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange. Sir George Pr\u00e9vost appointed him an Assistant Justice to the Supreme Court (1809). He is buried in the Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a75d45f5542994ccc918630", "question_text": "Which refers to more breeds, Stabyhoun or Griffon Bruxellois?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Griffon Bruxellois"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Finncattle", "paragraph_text": "Finncattle refers to three closely related cattle breeds of Finnish origin. Finncattle is most often kept for dairy production, and some animals are found in petting zoos and as pets. The Finncattle breeds are of small size and naturally polled, however they differ in appearance and production levels. The Western Finncattle is red, and the largest of the three breeds. The North Finnish cattle variety are white, the West Finnish are red, while the East Finnish are both white and red.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Canine Chiari-like malformation", "paragraph_text": "Chiari-like malformation (CM) is the most common cause of foramen magnum obstruction and syringomyelia in dogs. Syringomyelia (SM) is a disease of the spinal cord typified by fluid filled cavities, or syrinxes, within the spinal cord substance. The disease is caused by the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in the nervous system. A situation of high pressure in the spinal cord compared to low pressure outside, leads to fluid accumulation, which eventually forms cavities. CM is a condition characterized by the mismatch of size between the brain and the skull. The skull is too small causing part of the brain to descend out of the skull through the opening at its base, crowding the spinal cord. The cause of CM is not yet fully understood. CM is rare in most breeds but reportedly has become very widespread in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Griffon Bruxellois (Brussels Griffon). Some researchers estimate that as many as 95% of CKCSs may have CM. It is worldwide in scope and not limited to any country, breeding line, or kennel, and experts report that it is believed to be inherited in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. CM is so widespread in the Cavalier that it may be an inherent part of the CKCS's breed standard. This disease not only affects thousands of dogs, but a similar condition affects over three hundred thousand children yearly. Therefore, canines are an appropriate model for the treatment of the human condition.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Griffon Bruxellois", "paragraph_text": "The Griffon Bruxellois or Brussels Griffon is a breed of toy dog, named for their city of origin: Brussels, Belgium. The Griffon Bruxellois may refer to three different breeds, the Griffon Bruxellois, the Griffon Belge and the Petit Braban\u00e7on. Identical in standard except for coat and colour differences, in some standards they are considered varieties of the same breed, much like Belgian Shepherd Dogs.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Rare breed (dog)", "paragraph_text": "Rare breed (dog) is any breed of dog that is small in number and is used to refer to both old established breeds such as the Stabyhoun and Glen of Imaal Terrier or newer creations. Since dogs have greater genetic variability than other domesticated animals the number of possible breeds is vast with new crosses constantly occurring, from these both selected and random crosses may come new breeds should offspring reliably breed true to type. New breeds from the wild such as the Carolina Dog are quite rare compared to attempts at breed creation from man as found in the American Hairless Terrier which sought to exploit a mutation.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Frizzle (chicken plumage)", "paragraph_text": "A frizzle refers to a plumage pattern in domesticated chickens (\"Gallus gallus domesticus\") characterized by feathers that curl outwards, rather than lying flat as in most chickens. The frizzle type is not a separate breed, but a variety within breeds. Though all breeds of chickens may be frizzled; it is most commonly seen in breeds such as the Cochin, Pekin, and Polish. Chickens with this pattern are sometimes referred to as frizzles. The gene which causes the frizzles' peculiar feathering is a dominant trait. As a result of its unusual look, frizzles are primarily used as exhibition birds, and are included in most English language poultry standards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Feathering (horse)", "paragraph_text": "Feathering or feather is the long hair on the lower legs and fetlocks of some breeds of horse and pony. On some horses, especially draft breeds, the hair can almost cover the hooves. While nearly all horses will grow longer hair on the lower legs and back of the fetlocks at times, particularly in the winter, \"feather\" refers to the particularly long, luxuriant growth that is characteristic of certain breeds.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Griffon (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "Griffon is a collection of dog breeds that were originally hunting dogs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Griffon", "paragraph_text": "Griffon is a type of dog - a collection of breeds that were originally hunting dogs. There are three lines of the griffon type recognized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Cynologique Internationale (FCI): the griffon vend\u00e9ens, the wirehaired pointers, and the \"smousje\" (Belgian companion dogs or Dutch Smoushond). The griffon type is characterized by rough or wire-hair.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Stabyhoun", "paragraph_text": "The Stabyhoun or Stabij is one of the top five rarest dog breeds in the world. It is from Friesland and in particular from the Frisian forest area, a region in the southeast and east of Friesland. The breed has been mentioned in Dutch literature going back to the early 1800s, but has only extended its range from the 1960s outside of Friesland and not until the 2000s did the range officially extend beyond the Netherlands. The name Stabij translates roughly as \"stand by me\" with the last part simply Frisian, meaning dog, which is pronounced \"hoon\". The dog is considered a Dutch national treasure. There are only a few thousand Stabyhouns in existence today worldwide.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "North American Versatile Hunting Dog Association", "paragraph_text": "The North American Versatile Hunting Dog Association was founded 1969 in Goodwood, Ontario, Canada by a group of pudelpointer and griffon enthusiasts. Presently based in Arlington Heights, Illinois, NAVHDA \"is a nonprofit corporation whose purpose is to foster, promote, and improve the versatile hunting dog breeds in North America; to conserve game by using well trained reliable hunting dogs before and after the shot; and to aid in the prevention of cruelty to animals by discouraging nonselective and uncontrolled breeding, which produces unwanted and uncared for dogs.\" The group has chapters in most states of the U.S. and provinces of Canada which sponsor training and testing programs.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ade811e5542992fa25da7a0", "question_text": "Marvel Classics Comics specialized in adaptations of literary classics, such as a novel by American writer Herman Melville, that was published in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1851"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Hershel Parker", "paragraph_text": "Hershel Parker is an American professor of English and literature, noted for his research into the works of Herman Melville. Parker is the H. Fletcher Brown Professor Emeritus at the University of Delaware. He is co-editor with Harrison Hayford of the Norton Critical Edition of Herman Melville's \"Moby-Dick\" (1967, 2001, and 2017), and the General Editor of the Northwestern-Newberry Edition of \"The Writings of Herman Melville\", which, with the publication of volume 13, \"\"Billy Budd, Sailor\"\" \"and Other Uncompleted Writings\", is now (2017) complete in fifteen-volumes. Parker is also the author of a two-volume biography of Herman Melville published by Johns Hopkins University Press (1996, 2002).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Clarel", "paragraph_text": "Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land (1876) is an epic poem by American writer Herman Melville, originally published in two volumes. \"Clarel\" is the longest poem in American literature, stretching to almost 18,000 lines (longer even than European classics such as the \"Iliad\", \"Aeneid\" and \"Paradise Lost\"). As well as for its great length, \"Clarel\" is notable for being the major work of Melville's later years.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Moby-Dick", "paragraph_text": "Moby-Dick; or, The Whale is a novel by American writer Herman Melville, published in 1851 during the period of the American Renaissance. Sailor Ishmael tells the story of the obsessive quest of Ahab, captain of the whaler \"Pequod\", for revenge on Moby Dick, the white whale that on the previous whaling voyage bit off Ahab's leg at the knee. The novel was a commercial failure and out of print at the time of the author's death in 1891, but during the 20th century, its reputation as a Great American Novel was established. William Faulkner confessed he wished he had written it himself, and D. H. Lawrence called it \"one of the strangest and most wonderful books in the world\", and \"the greatest book of the sea ever written\". \"Call me Ishmael\" is among world literature's most famous opening sentences.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Marvel Classics Comics", "paragraph_text": "Marvel Classics Comics was an American comics magazine which ran from 1976 until 1978. It specialized in adaptations of literary classics such as \"Moby-Dick\", \"The Three Musketeers\", and \"The Iliad\". It was Marvel Comics' attempt to pick up the mantle of \"Classics Illustrated\", which stopped publishing in 1971. 36 issues of \"Marvel Classics Comics\" were published, 12 of them being reprints of another publisher's work.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Israel Potter", "paragraph_text": "Israel Potter: His Fifty Years of Exile is the eighth book by American writer Herman Melville, first published in serial form in \"Putnam's Monthly\" magazine between July 1854 and March 1855, and in book form by G. P. Putnam & Co. in March 1855. A pirated edition was also published in London by George Routledge in May 1855. The book is loosely based on a pamphlet (108-page) autobiography that Melville acquired in the 1840s, \"Life and Remarkable Adventures of Israel R. Potter\" (Providence, Rhode Island, 1824).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Pierre; or, The Ambiguities", "paragraph_text": "Pierre; or, The Ambiguities is a novel, the seventh book, by American writer Herman Melville, first published in New York in 1852. The plot, which uses many conventions of Gothic fiction, develops the psychological, sexual, and family tensions between Pierre Glendinning; his widowed mother; Glendinning Stanley, his cousin; Lucy Tartan, his fiancee; and Isabel Banford, who is revealed to be his half-sister. According to scholar Henry A. Murray, in writing \"Pierre\" Melville \"purposed to write his spiritual autobiography in the form of a novel\" rather than to experiment with the novel and incidentally working some personal experiences into it.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Typee", "paragraph_text": "Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life is the first book by American writer Herman Melville, published first in London, then New York, in 1846. Considered a classic in travel and adventure literature, the narrative is partly based on the author's actual experiences on the island Nuku Hiva in the South Pacific Marquesas Islands in 1842, liberally supplemented with imaginative reconstruction and adaptation of material from other books. The title is from the province Tai Pi Vai. \"Typee\" was Melville's most popular work during his lifetime; it made him notorious as the \"man who lived among the cannibals\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Billy Budd", "paragraph_text": "Billy Budd, Sailor is the final novel by American writer Herman Melville, first published posthumously in London in 1924 as edited by Raymond M. Weaver, a professor at Columbia University. Other versions were later published. Melville had begun writing the original work in November 1888, but left it unfinished at his death in 1891. Acclaimed by British critics as a masterpiece when published in London, it quickly took its place as a classic literary work in the United States.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Redburn", "paragraph_text": "Redburn: His First Voyage is the fourth book by the American writer Herman Melville, first published in London in 1849. The book is semi-autobiographical and recounts the adventures of a refined youth among coarse and brutal sailors and the seedier areas of Liverpool. Melville wrote \"Redburn\" in less than ten weeks. While one scholar describes it as \"arguably his funniest work,\" scholar F.O. Matthiessen calls it \"the most moving of its author's books before \"Moby-Dick\"\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Confidence-Man", "paragraph_text": "The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade is the ninth book and final novel by American writer Herman Melville, first published in New York in 1857. The book was published on April 1, the exact day of the novel's setting. \"The Confidence-Man\" portrays a \"Canterbury Tales\"\u2013style group of steamboat passengers whose interlocking stories are told as they travel down the Mississippi River toward New Orleans. Scholar Robert Milder notes: \"Long mistaken for a flawed novel, the book is now admired as a masterpiece of irony and control, though it continues to resist interpretive consensus.\" After the novel's publication, Melville turned from professional writing and became a professional lecturer, mainly addressing his worldwide travels, and later for nineteen years a federal government employee.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae005b555429942ec259bec", "question_text": "In what year was the novel that Louren\u00e7o Mutarelli based \"Nina\" on based first published?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1866"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Spirit of the Border", "paragraph_text": "Spirit of the Border is an historical novel written by Zane Grey, first published in 1906. The novel is based on events occurring in the Ohio River Valley in the late eighteenth century. It features the exploits of Lewis Wetzel, a historical personage who had dedicated his life to the destruction of Native Americans and to the protection of nascent white settlements in that region. The story deals with the attempt by Moravian Church missionaries to Christianize Indians and how two brothers' lives take different paths upon their arrival on the border. A highly romanticized account, the novel is the second in a trilogy, the first of which is \"Betty Zane\", Grey's first published work, and \"The Last Trail\", which focuses on the life of Jonathan Zane, Grey's ancestor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Before We Say Goodbye", "paragraph_text": "Before We Say Goodbye, first published as Prima di Lasciarsi, is a 2004 novel by Gabriella Ambrosio. The work is based on the 2002 Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombing and narrates the final hours in the lives of the suicide bomber and her victims. It was first published in Italy in 2004 through Nutrimenti, and was later published in English on 2 August 2010 through Walker Books. The novel has been published in multiple languages, including Arabic and Hebrew, and has been endorsed by Amnesty International.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Louren\u00e7o Mutarelli", "paragraph_text": "In addition to comic books, Mutarelli has also created plays, books, and all the illustration and animated sequences of the 2004 motion picture \"Nina\", which was based on the novel \"Crime and Punishment\" by Dostoyevsky.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "4 a.m. (novel)", "paragraph_text": "4 a.m. is the debut novel of Scottish author Nina de la Mer. It was first published in the UK on 26 August 2011 by Brighton-based publishing house Myriad Editions. The novel draws on the author's personal experiences and research, covering rave culture of the 90s and peacetime life in the British Army.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Three Comrades (novel)", "paragraph_text": "Three Comrades (German: \"Drei Kameraden\" ) is a novel first published in 1936 by the German author Erich Maria Remarque. It is written in first person by the main character Robert Lohkamp, whose somewhat disillusioned outlook on life is due to his horrifying experiences in the trenches of the First World War's French-German front. He shares these experiences with Otto K\u00f6ster and Gottfried Lenz, his two comrades with whom he runs an auto-repair shop in late 1920s Berlin (probably). Remarque wrote the novel in exile and it was first published in Dutch translation as \"Drie kameraden\", with English translation following soon in \"Good Housekeeping\" from January to March 1937 and in the book form in the same year. First German language edition was published in 1938 by exile publisher \"Querido\" in Amsterdam, but the novel was published in Germany only in 1951.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Crime and Punishment", "paragraph_text": "Crime and Punishment (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u00e9\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u00e1\u043d\u0438\u0435 , \"Prestupleniye i nakazaniye\"; ] ) is a novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky. It was first published in the literary journal \"The Russian Messenger\" in twelve monthly installments during 1866. Later, it was published in a single volume. It is the second of Dostoyevsky's full-length novels following his return from 5 years of exile in Siberia. \"Crime and Punishment\" is considered the first great novel of his \"mature\" period of writing.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Drained", "paragraph_text": "Drained, (Portuguese: O Cheiro do Ralo_ is a 2006 Brazilian dark comedy film based on a novel by Louren\u00e7o Mutarelli. It was directed by Heitor Dhalia, and stars Selton Mello. The film was produced by Gera\u00e7\u00e3o Conte\u00fado, Primo Filmes & RT Features.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "The Golden Hour (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The Golden Hour is a children's novel by Maiya Williams. It was first published in 2004 and is the first of the Golden Hour time travel series. It tells the story of Rowan Popplewell and his sister, Nina, who, while emotionally disturbed by the death of their mother, travel back in time to the French Revolution.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "The Birds on the Trees", "paragraph_text": "The Birds on the Trees is a novel by Nina Bawden first published in 1970 about a middle-class English family whose 19-year-old son does not live up to his parents' expectations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Quando Eu Era Vivo", "paragraph_text": "Quando Eu Era Vivo (English: When I Was Alive ) is a 2014 Brazilian drama-thriller film directed by Marco Dutra, based on the novel \"A Arte de Produzir Efeito Sem Causa\" by Louren\u00e7o Mutarelli.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a75e67f55429976ec32bc8b", "question_text": "Robert Jan van Pelt testified for the defense in this \"Churchill's War\" author's civil libel suit?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["David Irving"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "John Vredenburgh Van Pelt", "paragraph_text": "John Vredenburgh Van Pelt, F.A.I.A., A.D.G.F., (February 24, 1874 \u2013 1962) was an architectural historian, author, and American architect active in early to mid-twentieth-century New York City. He was a partner in Green & Van Pelt (1906), in Thompson & Van Pelt (1925), and Van Pelt, Hardy & Goubert (1928\u20131930). He had his offices in New York City and Patchogue, Long Island.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jan van Steffeswert", "paragraph_text": "Jan van Steffeswert or alternatively Jan van Steffenswert or Jan van Stevensweert (born c. 1460 - died c. 1531) was a Flemish sculptor and woodcarver based in Maastricht. Contrary to the customs of the time, he signed almost all the works he produced using variously Jan Bieldesnider, Jan van Weerd or Jan van Steffeswert. To date, fourteen works have been positively identified as his. .", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Watery Grave (EP)", "paragraph_text": "The \"Watery Grave\" EP was Graham Van Pelt's first release under his solo project Miracle Fortress. The self-released 5 song EP was recorded in 2005 at Friendship Cove, a recording studio/indie rock venue owned by Van Pelt and fellow friend Jack Dylan. The success of \"Watery Grave\" gained Van Pelt the attention of Montreal, Canada-based record label Secret City, which led to a collaboration that yielded his first full-length album \"Five Roses\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Brad Van Pelt", "paragraph_text": "Brad Alan Van Pelt (April 5, 1951 \u2013 February 17, 2009) was an American football linebacker who played 14 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). A two-time All-American (1971, 1972) and the 1972 Maxwell Award winner as college football's best player, he was drafted by the New York Giants, earning five Pro Bowl selections during his ten years with the team. He rounded out his career with the Los Angeles Raiders from 1984 to 1985 and the Cleveland Browns in 1986. Van Pelt is the father of former Denver Broncos and Houston Texans quarterback Bradlee Van Pelt.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "David Irving", "paragraph_text": "David John Cawdell Irving (born 24 March 1938) is an English Holocaust denier and author who has written on the military and political history of World War II, with a focus on Nazi Germany. His works include \"The Destruction of Dresden\" (1963), \"Hitler's War\" (1977), \"Churchill's War\" (1987), and \"Goebbels: Mastermind of the Third Reich\" (1996). In his works, he argued that Hitler did not know of the extermination of Jews or, if he did, opposed it. Though Irving's revisionist views of World War II were never taken seriously by mainstream historians, he was once recognised for his knowledge of Nazi Germany and his ability to unearth new historical documents.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Wouter van Pelt", "paragraph_text": "Wouter van Pelt (born 23 April 1968 in Alphen aan den Rijn) is a former Dutch field hockey player, who played 236 international matches for the Netherlands, in which he scored 21 goals. The defender made his debut for the Dutch on 27 March 1989 in a match against England. He played in the Dutch League for HDM and Breda. Van Pelt was a member of the Dutch national team that won the golden medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Four years later, at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, the Dutch once again won the title, with Van Pelt on board. He stopped playing hockey at top level in 2005.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jan van Coninxloo", "paragraph_text": "Jan van Coninxloo or van Coninxlo, also known as Jan II or Jan the Younger, was born at Brussels in 1489 (?) , but nothing is known of the details of his career. His father, who bore the same Christian name, had another son, Pieter van Coninxloo: both were painters. The name is found written in a variety of ways \u2014 Ccninxlo, Conninxlo, Connixlo, Cooninxloo, Conixloo \u2014 and sometimes with the additional name of Schemier. The Brussels Gallery contains five works by Jan van Coninxlo : a triptych of the 'Life of St. Anne,' which bears on its right wing (representing the death of that saint) the signature 'Jan van Conixlo 1546'; the 'Birth of St. Nicholas,' and the 'Death of St. Nicholas,' both of which were formerly in a church in Louvain; 'Christ among the Doctors,' and the 'Marriage at Cana.' These were formerly attributed to Gilles van Coninxlo.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Robert Jan van Pelt", "paragraph_text": "Robert Jan van Pelt (born 15 August 1955) is a Dutch author, architectural historian, professor at the University of Waterloo and University of Toronto in Ontario and a Holocaust scholar. One of the world's leading experts on Auschwitz, he regularly speaks on Holocaust related topics, through which he has come to address Holocaust denial. He was an expert witness in Deborah Lipstadt's successful defence in the civil libel suit brought against her by David Irving.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Jan van Beers (artist)", "paragraph_text": "Jean Marie Constantin Joseph \"Jan\" van Beers (27 March 1852\u00a0\u2013 17 November 1927) was a Belgian painter and illustrator, the son of the poet Jan van Beers. They are sometimes referred to as \"Jan van Beers the elder\" and \"Jan van Beers the younger\". In 1884, Jan Van Beers produced the pen-and-ink sketches for the \"edition de luxe\" of his father's poetry.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Linus van Pelt", "paragraph_text": "Linus van Pelt is a character in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip \"Peanuts\". The best friend of Charlie Brown, Linus is also the younger brother of Lucy van Pelt and older brother of Rerun van Pelt. He first appeared on September 19, 1952, but was not mentioned by name until three days later. He was first referred to two months earlier, on July 14. Linus spoke his first words in 1954, the same year he was shown with his security blanket.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5abc3d505542993a06baf8a7", "question_text": "Which is founded by a president, University of Washington or University of Virginia?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["University of Virginia"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "David C. Hardesty Jr.", "paragraph_text": "David C. Hardesty Jr. is an American lawyer and educator who was the 21st president of West Virginia University from 1995 to 2007. As an undergraduate student at West Virginia University, Hardesty was Student Body President, a member of Phi Kappa Psi, and a Rhodes Scholar. Hardesty earned J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1973, and a B.A. from Oxford University in 1969 which was redesignated an M.A. in 1983. He was a partner with Bowles, Rice, McDavid, Graff & Love from 1973 to 1995, and served as the Tax Commissioner of West Virginia from 1977 to 1980. Hardesty then began his twelve-year tenure as president of WVU. He is currently president emeritus and professor of law at West Virginia University.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Henry C. Groseclose", "paragraph_text": "Henry C. Groseclose was born on May 17, 1892. He lived in Ceres, Virginia for most of his life. Mr. Groseclose completed his junior college degree from Washington and Lee University in 1917. In his later years, he also received his bachelor\u2019s degree, as well as his master\u2019s degree, in agricultural education from Virginia Tech. While Mr. Groseclose was an agriculture teacher at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, he, along with three other agriculture teachers, Walter Newman, Edmund Magill and Harry Sanders, decided to establish a club for the farm boys in the school. The organization was fired up in 1925. Groseclose named the organization the Future Farmers of Virginia, or FFV for short. The original meaning for the abbreviation FFV stood for the First Families of Virginia. The \u201cfirst families\u201d referred to the families of both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. Referring to Washington and Jefferson, Groseclose once stated that, \u201cThe Future Farmers of America should follow the example of these great sons of early Virginia by using scientific knowledge, intelligence, and enthusiasm to the end that agriculture may again be known as the profession of the real aristocrat.\u201d Groseclose wrote the by-laws, as well as the constitution that the FFV would be based on. In 1926, he also wrote, and brought into play, the formal ceremony that would take place as an organizational pattern to structure each meeting. Two years later, in 1928, the FFV became a nationwide organization. This developed the organization that is known today as the Future Farmers of America, or The National FFA Organization, or just FFA for short. The by-laws drawn up by Henry Groseclose became the foundation of the newly national organization. Also, the formal ceremony that Groseclose developed was taken on by the FFA as a national ritual that is still used today. Groseclose was a seventh degree Grange member, and he was also involved with the Masons, so it was no surprise when he developed levels of memberships for the FFV, which transferred through to the FFA, that were similar to the three leveled membership structure that the Masons uses. These three levels included the Greenhand, the Virginia Farmer and the Virginia Planter. While the official emblem of the National FFA Organization was being drawn, Groseclose\u2019s original emblem, which he hand drew himself, was highly considered and ended up playing a part in the emblem that is still the emblem of the National FFA Organization today. The part of the emblem that was from Mr. Groseclose\u2019s original drawing included a background setting of a half plowed wheat field with an owl perched upon a spade of wheat in front of the field. Henry Groseclose served as the Executive Secretary of the National FFA Organization for two years between 1928 and 1930. During his office of Executive Secretary, he announced at the national convention of 1930 that he had written, and would be releasing, an official FFA manual, which outlined the organization, procedures and structures of the National FFA Organization. Mr. Groseclose also served as the Treasurer of the National FFA Organization for 11 years, between 1930 and 1941. In September 1925, Henry Groseclose set his expectations for the members of the FFV, and the purpose of the establishment of the Future Farmers of Virginia was by saying, \"In my opinion the farm boys of Virginia who are enrolled in vocational agriculture are equal to any other group of boys in the state. But somehow the boys themselves seem to have a feeling of inferiority. Especially is this true when the farm boy goes to the city and has to compete with his city cousin. This condition should not exist. I believe that a strong organization of our boys in agriculture would help them to overcome this handicap. Let's form an organization that will give them a greater opportunity for self-expression and for the development of leadership. In this way they will develop confidence in their own ability and pride in the fact that they are farm boys.\" Mr. Henry C. Groseclose died on June 4 of 1950. In 2002, the Department of Historic Resources established a marker in Mr. Groseclose\u2019s honor. It is Marker number KC-5 and it is displayed in Bland County of Ceres, Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Virginia Tech Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Virginia Tech Foundation (VTF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit nonstock corporation established in 1948 to receive, manage, and disburse private gifts in support of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University programs. The purpose of the foundation is to manage private funds given for the support of the university, and to foster and promote the growth, progress and general welfare of the university. The Virginia Tech Foundation is governed by a 35-member Board of Directors and 4 ex-officio positions: the President of Virginia Tech, the Rector of the Board of Visitors, the President of the VT Alumni Association, and the President of the Virginia Tech Athletic Fund.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "John Lee Buchanan", "paragraph_text": "John Lee Buchanan (June 19, 1831 \u2013 January 19, 1922) was the second president of Virginia Tech (then Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College). Buchanan was born in Rich Valley, Smyth County, Virginia. Received an A.B. in 1856 and an M.A. in 1860, both from Emory and Henry College where he was a member of the faculty until 1878 with the exception of the Civil War years when he served the Confederate States in the mining department. In 1879 he became the Latin chair at Vanderbilt University and later served as president of Emory and Henry College before being appointed VAMC president at age 48. After being removed from VAMC presidency for the second time in 1881, he began teaching at Martha Washington College in Abingdon, Virginia, later becoming president there. In 1884 he served on a state committee that established the State Normal Female School in Farmville (now Longwood University). From 1885 to 1889 he served as state superintendent of public instruction (hence was ex officio member of the VAMC Board of Visitors). He began teaching at Randolph-Macon College in 1889, later becoming president. He resigned the presidency of Randolph-Macon in 1894 to assume presidency of what was then Arkansas Industrial University before he renamed it to University of Arkansas and where he remained until retiring in 1902. Died Jan. 19, 1922, in Rich Valley, Virginia, at age 90.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "University of Virginia", "paragraph_text": "The University of Virginia (U.Va. or UVA), frequently referred to simply as Virginia, is a public research university and the flagship for the Commonwealth of Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Declaration of Independence author Thomas Jefferson, UVA is known for its historic foundations, student-run honor code, and secret societies.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "University of Washington", "paragraph_text": "The University of Washington (commonly referred to as UW, simply Washington, or informally \"U-Dub\") is a large, public flagship research university in Seattle, Washington, established in 1861.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jefferson Memorial", "paragraph_text": "The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C., dedicated to Thomas Jefferson (1743\u20131826), one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence, member of the Continental Congress, governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia, American minister to King Louis XVI and the Kingdom of France, first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington, the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams, and also the third President (1801\u20131809), as well as being the founder of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, Virginia.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Michael Garrison (politician)", "paragraph_text": "Michael Garrison is the former president of West Virginia University, succeeded by C. Peter Magrath on August 1, 2008. A graduate of the WVU class of 1992 and earned a J.D. at WVU in 1996 after attending St. Anne's College, Oxford University on a Rotary Scholarship. He lectured as an adjunct professor in West Virginia University's department of Political Science in the years preceding his appointment as president. Garrison had been managing member of Spilman Thomas & Battle pllc in Morgantown. In 2003, Garrison was awarded a Toll Fellowship from the Council of State Governments following his tenure as Chief of Staff to West Virginia Governor Bob Wise from 2001-2003. He served as Cabinet Secretary in the West Virginia Department of Tax and Revenue until 2001. In 2007, Garrison was selected as West Virginia University's twenty-second president.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Edwin Alderman", "paragraph_text": "Edwin Anderson Alderman (May 15, 1861\u00a0\u2013 April 30, 1931) served as the President of three universities. The University of Virginia's Alderman Library is named after him, as is Edwin A. Alderman Elementary School in Wilmington and Alderman dorm at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Alderman was the key leader in higher education in Virginia during the Progressive Era as president of the University of Virginia, 1904-31. His goal was the transformation of the Southern university into a force for state service and intellectual leadership and educational utility. Alderman successfully professionalized and modernized Virginia's system of higher education. He promoted international standards of scholarship, and a statewide network of extension services. Joined by other college presidents, he promoted the Virginia Education Commission, created in 1910. Alderman's crusade encountered some resistance from traditionalists and never challenged the Jim Crow system of segregated schooling.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "The Washington Papers", "paragraph_text": "The Washington Papers, also known as The Papers of George Washington\",\" is a project dedicated to the publication of comprehensive letterpress and digital editions of George and Martha Washington\u2019s papers. Founded at the University of Virginia in 1968 as the Papers of George Washington, the Washington Papers is an expansive project that includes the papers and documents of George Washington as well as of individuals close to him. The Washington Papers aims to place Washington in a larger context and to bring individuals, such as Martha Washington and Washington family members, into sharper focus. The project is currently headed by editor-in-chief and director Edward G. Lengel and is the largest collection of its type. The project is funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the Packard Humanities Institute, the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, the University of Virginia, the Florence Gould Foundation, and other private donors.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8ff69655429916514e73f1", "question_text": "Who co-starred in an episode of The ABC Comedy Hour with the man who played Duke Slater in \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\"? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Jack Cassidy"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Goober Pyle", "paragraph_text": "Goober Pyle is a fictional character in the American TV sitcom \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and its later sequel series \"Mayberry RFD\". He was played by George Lindsey. Lindsey first read for the part of Gomer Pyle, Goober's cousin, which went to actor-singer Jim Nabors. The two actors had similar backgrounds; Lindsey was from Jasper, Alabama, while Nabors was from Sylacauga, Alabama.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show)", "paragraph_text": "Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor and in earlier episodes as Cousin Andy by Barney Fife is the major character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \"Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \"The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian and actor Andy Griffith.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "The Gomers", "paragraph_text": "The Gomers are a Madison, Wisconsin based comedy rock/experimental music/progressive rock band. Former Madison Mayors Dave Cieslewicz and Sue Baumann both proclaimed February 1 as \"Gomer Day\" in Madison. Their name was taken from Gomer Pyle.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "The ABC Comedy Hour", "paragraph_text": "The ABC Comedy Hour was an American television variety series that aired on ABC in 1972. Seven of the 13 episodes featured a guest host and a team of comedy impressionists known as The Kopykats (Rich Little, Frank Gorshin, Joe Baker, Marilyn Michaels, George Kirby, and Fred Travalena, with single appearances by Charlie Callas, Will Jordan, and Peter Goodwright). Guest hosts included Steve Lawrence, Orson Welles, Ed Sullivan, Raymond Burr, Robert Young, Debbie Reynolds and Tony Curtis. The remaining six episodes were variety specials and included two Friars Club roasts and a revival of the musical \"Hellzapoppin'\" starring Jack Cassidy and Ronnie Schell.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Claude Osteen", "paragraph_text": "Claude Wilson Osteen (born August 9, 1939), nicknamed \"Gomer\" because of his resemblance to Gomer Pyle, is a former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher. He pitched for six different teams: the Cincinnati Redlegs/Reds (1957\u201361), Washington Senators (1961\u201364), Los Angeles Dodgers (1965\u201373), Houston Astros (1974), St. Louis Cardinals (1974), and Chicago White Sox (1975).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ronnie Schell", "paragraph_text": "Ronald Ralph \"Ronnie\" Schell (born December 23, 1931) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, and voice actor. He appeared on May 28, 1959, episode of the TV quiz program \"You Bet Your Life\", hosted by Groucho Marx. Schell demonstrated a comic barrage of beatnik jive talk. As a stand-up comedian, he first developed his act at the world-famous hungry-i nightclub in San Francisco, California. Schell is probably best known in his 1960s television role as Duke Slater in \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Buck Young", "paragraph_text": "Buck Young (April 12, 1920 \u2013 February 9, 2000) was an American actor who played the role as Sergeant Whipple on the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" TV series, and Deputy Joe Watson on \"The Andy Griffith Show\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Jim Nabors", "paragraph_text": "James Thurston Nabors (born June 12, 1930) is a retired American actor, singer, and comedian. Born and raised in Sylacauga, Alabama, Nabors moved to southern California because of his asthma. While working at a Santa Monica nightclub, The Horn, he was discovered by Andy Griffith and later joined \"The Andy Griffith Show,\" playing Gomer Pyle. Nabors, Betty Lynn, Elinor Donahue, and Ron Howard are the last surviving regular cast members from that series. The character proved popular, and Nabors was given his own spin-off show, \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C..\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "List of Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. characters", "paragraph_text": "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. is an American television situation comedy that was originally broadcast from 1964 to 1969 on the CBS network. It focused on Gomer Pyle, a na\u00efve but good-hearted private in the United States Marine Corps who served in a non-combat role while stationed stateside. The plots of the episodes often grew out of the contentious relationship between Pyle and his stern NCO, Sergeant Carter.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "List of Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. episodes", "paragraph_text": "\"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" is an American situation comedy created by Aaron Ruben that originally aired on CBS from September 25, 1964, to May 2, 1969. The series was a spinoff of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and the pilot episode was introduced as the final fourth season episode which aired on May 18, 1964. The show ran for five seasons, with a total of 150 half-hour episodes. Despite the series' positive reception (the show remained in the Top 10 Nielsen ratings for all five seasons), Nabors quit because he desired to move to something else, 'reach for another rung on the ladder, either up or down'. In 2006, CBS began releasing the show on DVD; the last season was released in November 2008.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8066d15542992097ad2fe8", "question_text": "What Nobel Laureate teaches at  Chapman University?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Vernon Smith"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Chapman University School of Law", "paragraph_text": "Chapman University's Dale E. Fowler School of Law, commonly referred to as Chapman University School of Law or Chapman Law School, is a private, non-profit law school located in Orange, California. The school offers the Juris Doctor degree (JD), combined programs offering a JD/MBA and JD/MFA in Film & Television Producing, and multiple LL.M. degree options. The school also offers emphasis options in Business Law, Criminal Law, Entertainment Law, Environmental Law, International Law, Trial Advocacy, and Taxation. Currently, the school has 74 full- and part-time faculty members and a law library with holdings in excess of 290,000 volumes and volume equivalents.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Vernon L. Smith", "paragraph_text": "Vernon Lomax Smith (born January 1, 1927) is an American professor of economics at Chapman University's Argyros School of Business and Economics and School of Law in Orange, California, formerly a research scholar at George Mason University Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science, and a Fellow of the Mercatus Center, all in Arlington, Virginia.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Elizabeth Blackburn", "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Helen Blackburn, AC, FRS, FAA, FRSN (born 26 November 1948) is an Australian-American Nobel laureate who is currently the President of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Previously she was a biological researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who studied the telomere, a structure at the end of chromosomes that protects the chromosome. Blackburn co-discovered telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes the telomere. For this work, she was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, sharing it with Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak, becoming the only Tasmanian-born Nobel laureate. She also worked in medical ethics, and was controversially dismissed from the Bush Administration's President's Council on Bioethics.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge", "paragraph_text": "The Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge is the chemistry department of the University of Cambridge. It was formed from a merger in the early 1980s of two separate departments that had moved into the Lensfield Road building decades earlier: the Department of Physical Chemistry (originally led by Professor Ronald Norrish FRS, Nobel Laureate; the department was previously located near the Old Cavendish in Free Street - see photo) and the Department of Chemistry (that included theoretical chemistry and which was led by Lord Alexander R. Todd FRS, Nobel Laureate) respectively. Research interests in the department cover a broad of chemistry ranging from molecular biology to geophysics. The department is located on the Lensfield Road, next to the Panton Arms on the South side of Cambridge. s of 2015 the department is home to around 200 postdoctoral research staff, over 250 postgraduate students, around sixty academic staff.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Englert", "paragraph_text": "Fran\u00e7ois Baron Englert (] ; born 6 November 1932) is a Belgian theoretical physicist and 2013 Nobel prize laureate (shared with Peter Higgs). He is Professor emeritus at the Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB) where he is member of the Service de Physique Th\u00e9orique. He is also a Sackler Professor by Special Appointment in the School of Physics and Astronomy at Tel Aviv University and a member of the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California. He was awarded the 2010 J.\u00a0J.\u00a0Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics (with Gerry Guralnik, C.\u00a0R.\u00a0Hagen, Tom Kibble, Peter Higgs, and Robert Brout), the Wolf Prize in Physics in 2004 (with Brout and Higgs) and the High Energy and Particle Prize of the European Physical Society (with Brout and Higgs) in 1997 for the mechanism which unifies short and long range interactions by generating massive gauge vector bosons. He has made contributions in statistical physics, quantum field theory, cosmology, string theory and supergravity. He is the recipient of the 2013 Prince of Asturias Award in technical and scientific research, together with Peter Higgs and the CERN.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Center for American War Letters", "paragraph_text": "The Center for American War Letters was established in 2013 when historian Andrew Carroll donated more than 100,000 war letters to Chapman University. The Center for American War Letters(CAWL) is housed in the Leatherby Libraries building at Chapman University in Orange, California. Every American conflict is represented in the collections at CAWL, including more than 40 linear feet of correspondence from World War II. Scholars and the public can visit the Center and browse its holdings by visiting the Center during business hours. There are also regular exhibits at CAWL featuring the letters and other war ephemera.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chapman University", "paragraph_text": "Chapman University is a private, non-profit university located in Orange, California, United States. It is affiliated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). Chapman University encompasses ten schools and colleges: Dodge College of Film and Media Arts, Wilkinson College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Argyros School of Business and Economics, the School of Communication, Schmid College of Science and Technology, College of Performing Arts, Dale E. Fowler School of Law, College of Educational Studies, the School of Pharmacy, and the Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences. Chapman also operates Brandman University as a separate, fully accredited university within the Chapman University System.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Tom Campbell (California politician)", "paragraph_text": "Thomas John Campbell (born August 14, 1952) is an American academic, educator and former politician. He is Professor of Law at the Dale E. Fowler School of Law, and a Professor of Economics at the George Argyros School of Business and Economics, at Chapman University, in Orange, California. He was Dean of Chapman University School of Law from 2011-16, a former five-term Republican United States Congressman from California's 12th and 15th districts, former member of the California State Senate, a former professor at Stanford Law School, former dean of the Haas School of Business, and former professor of business administration at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2000 he retired from his House seat to run for the U.S. Senate but lost decisively to incumbent Dianne Feinstein. He served as the Director of Finance for the State of California from 2004 to 2005. On June 8, 2010, he lost his third bid for the United States Senate, and second for the seat held by Democrat Barbara Boxer, losing the Republican nomination to Carly Fiorina.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Journal of Behavioral Finance", "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Behavioral Finance is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research related to the field of behavioral finance. It was established in 2000 as \"The Journal of Psychology and Financial Markets\". The founding Board of Editors were Brian Bruce, David Dreman, Paul Slovic, Nobel Laureate Vernon Smith and Arnold Wood. The editor-in-chief was Gunduz Caginalp (2000-2005), Brian Bruce (Hillcrest Asset Management) is the current editor.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Paul D. Boyer", "paragraph_text": "Paul Delos Boyer (born July 31, 1918) is an American biochemist, analytical chemist, and a professor of chemistry at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) . He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research on the \"enzymatic mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)\" (ATP synthase) with John E. Walker, making Boyer the only Utah-born Nobel laureate; the remainder of the Prize in that year was awarded to Danish chemist Jens Christian Skou for his discovery of the Na+/K+-ATPase. He is the oldest living Nobel laureate at age 99 .", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab4da5b55429942dd415f96", "question_text": "Are Floor Jansen and John McCrea from the same band?", "level": "hard", "type": "comparison", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["no"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Showtime, Storytime", "paragraph_text": "Showtime, Storytime is a video release, released as a double Blu-ray, DVD and CD from Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish. Nuclear Blast recorded their live performance at Wacken Open Air in Wacken, Germany on August 3, 2013. \"Showtime, Storytime\" is the first Nightwish production to feature Floor Jansen on vocals. She initially replaced previous vocalist Anette Olzon during their North America tour leg, and on October 9, 2013, it was revealed that she would become an official band member, along with Troy Donockley. The running time of the concert is 1 hour and 38 minutes. The album also contains a 120-minute documentary about the first days of Jansen in the band, still as an only live member, and her process of adaptation in the band, called \"Please Learn the Setlist in 48 Hours\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Wish I Had an Angel", "paragraph_text": "\"Wish I Had An Angel\" is the eleventh single for Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish, the second from their fifth album \"Once\". The song features vocals by then-vocalist Tarja Turunen and bassist Marco Hietala. The song was still performed live after Turunen's departure with Anette Olzon, before her departure, and current vocalist Floor Jansen afterwards.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Hitman (DC Comics)", "paragraph_text": "Hitman (Tommy Monaghan) is a fictional character, a superpowered hitman in the DC Comics Universe. The character was created by Garth Ennis and John McCrea and first appeared in \"The Demon Annual\" #2 and then received his own series by Ennis and McCrea lasting 61 issues.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Nightwish discography", "paragraph_text": "The discography of the Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish consists of eight studio albums, one extended play, four live albums, seven compilations, thirteen music videos and twenty one singles. The band was formed in 1996 by songwriter and keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and former vocalist Tarja Turunen; Nightwish's current line-up has six members although Turunen has been replaced by Anette Olzon, and the original bassist, Sami V\u00e4nsk\u00e4, has been replaced by Marco Hietala, who also took over the male vocalist part. Olzon left the band in 2012 and was replaced by Floor Jansen.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "ReVamp", "paragraph_text": "ReVamp was a Dutch progressive metal band formed by singer-songwriter Floor Jansen after her previous band After Forever disbanded in 2009.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Floor Jansen", "paragraph_text": "Floor Jansen (] ; born 21 February 1981 in Goirle) is a Dutch singer, songwriter, and vocal coach. She is the lead vocalist of Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "John McCrea (musician)", "paragraph_text": "John McCrea (born June 25, 1964) is an American singer and musician. He is a founding member of the band Cake. He is the vocalist and primary lyricist for the band, in addition to playing rhythm acoustic guitar, vibraslap, and piano. He also programs drums and does mixing work while he and the rest of the band have produced all of their albums.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Endless Forms Most Beautiful (album)", "paragraph_text": "Endless Forms Most Beautiful is the eighth album by Finnish symphonic power metal band Nightwish. It was released on March 27, 2015 in Argentina and most of Europe, March 30 in the UK, and March 31 in the US. The album is the band's first featuring singer Floor Jansen and the first with Troy Donockley as a full-time member. It was recorded without drummer Jukka Nevalainen, who took a break from the band due to severe insomnia. Drumming was by Kai Hahto of Wintersun and Swallow the Sun. The album includes only five Nightwish members, despite its being their first album release as a sextet.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Cake (band)", "paragraph_text": "Cake (stylized CAKE) is an American alternative rock band from Sacramento, California. Consisting of singer John McCrea, trumpeter Vince DiFiore, guitarist Xan McCurdy, bassist Gabe Nelson and drummer Paulo Baldi, the band has been noted for McCrea's sarcastic lyrics and monotone vocals, DiFiore's trumpet parts, and their wide-ranging musical influences, including country music, Mariachi, rock, funk, Iranian folk music and hip hop.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Decipher (After Forever album)", "paragraph_text": "Decipher is the second album by Dutch symphonic metal band After Forever, released in 2001. In this album, the band make use of live classical instruments and a complete choir to back up the soprano voice of lead singer Floor Jansen. Thrown in the mix are also a duet of soprano and tenor voices in \"Imperfect Tenses\" and the recording of the late Israeli PM Yizhak Rabin voice during the Peace treaty signing ceremony on October 26, 1994 on \"Forlorn Hope\". This is the last After Forever album with guitarist and founder Mark Jansen, who left the band soon after its release.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae18b555542997b2ef7d1f7", "question_text": "How far from Buenos Aires is the birthplace of Ezequiel Lazaro? ", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["about 700 km"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina", "paragraph_text": "C\u00f3rdoba (] ) is a city in the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suqu\u00eda River, about 700 km northwest of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of C\u00f3rdoba Province and the second most populous city in Argentina after Buenos Aires, with about 1,330,023 inhabitants according to the 2010 census. It was founded on 6 July 1573 by Jer\u00f3nimo Luis de Cabrera, who named it after C\u00f3rdoba, Spain. It was one of the first Spanish colonial capitals of the region that is now Argentina (the oldest city is Santiago del Estero, founded in 1553). The National University of C\u00f3rdoba is the oldest university of the country and the second to be inaugurated in Latin America. It was founded in 1613 by the Jesuit Order. Because of this, C\u00f3rdoba earned the nickname \"La Docta\" (roughly translated, \"the learned one\").", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Gast\u00f3n Corado", "paragraph_text": "Gast\u00f3n Ezequiel Corado (born February 5, 1989 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for Uni\u00f3n San Felipe of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n B in Chile.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Ezequiel Vi\u00f1ao", "paragraph_text": "Ezequiel Vi\u00f1ao (born 1960 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine-American composer. He emigrated to the United States in 1980 and studied at the Juilliard School. His compositions include \"La Noche de las Noches\" (1989) for string quartet and electronics, which won First Prize at UNESCO's Latin-American Rostrum of Composers in 1993; six \"\u00c9tudes\" (1993) for piano solo, which were awarded a Kennedy Center Friedheim Award in 1995; a second string quartet \"The Loss and the Silence\" (2004), commissioned by the Juilliard String Quartet; \"The Wanderer\" (2005) for a cappella voices, commissioned by Chanticleer and Chicago a cappella, and \"Sirocco Dust\" (2009), commissioned by the Library of Congress for the St. Lawrence String Quartet. He currently resides in New York City.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Ezequiel L\u00e1zaro", "paragraph_text": "Ezequiel L\u00e1zaro (born December 4, 1981 in C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina) is an Argentine footballer.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Bragado", "paragraph_text": "Bragado is a city in the center-northwest province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the head town of Bragado Partido. The city is 210\u00a0km west-southwest from Buenos Aires City, not far from the Salado River. Bragado is served by the Sarmiento Railway with services running from the train station there to Once railway station in Buenos Aires.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Ezequiel Echeverr\u00eda", "paragraph_text": "Ezequiel Echeverr\u00eda (born March 12, 1985 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for Naval of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n B in Chile.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Joaqu\u00edn Canaveris", "paragraph_text": "Joaqu\u00edn Canaveris (1789\u20131840s) was an Argentine merchant, official in the Council of the city. He served as consignee in The Consulate of Buenos Aires. His sons Joaqu\u00edn and Adolfo Lazaro Canaveri, were members of the National Guard of Infantry, serving in the Guard of Areco and Salto (Buenos Aires Province).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Luis Franco (writer)", "paragraph_text": "Luis (Leopoldo) Franco (November 15, 1898June 1, 1988) was an autodidact, a self-made intellectual, essayist, and poet. He was the son of Luis Antonio and Balbina Acosta and lived most of his life in his native province far from the limelights of Buenos Aires and the academic world which he sincerely despised in favor of a bucolic and rural setting of his father's cattle farm in Bel\u00e9n. At age seventeen Franco was awarded a literary prize for his \"Oda primaveral\". Franco traveled a considerable distance to receive the award riding on a mule's back from Catamarca Province to Tucuman. The attitude raised a few eyebrows in Buenos Aires and a relevant article was publish in the prestigious magazine \"Caras y caretas\" relating the story of this promising young author. The first literary personality to open the doors to Franco was Horacio Quiroga. Quiroga would eventually introduced Franco to Leopoldo Lugones who recognized his talent and potential. Soon Franco became a recognizable name in the literary world of his time making the acquaintance of Roberto Arlt, Gabriela Mistral and Juana de Ibarbourou amongst others. However, Luis Franco found it difficult to coexist with the cultural apparatus and the bourgeois-style of other intellectuals in Buenos Aires, and soon -after completing his High School degree- returned to his hometown of Bel\u00e9n. In Bel\u00e9n, Franco resided most of his adult life doing what he loved most: working the land, reading and writing. As a result of a personal crisis \u2013coincidental with the military coup of general Jos\u00e9 Evaristo Uriburu in 1930- Franco dissociates himself from right wing revisionists such as Lugones and begins an audacious journey of introspection in the nature of Argentina\u2019s political past. The result is a copious bibliography of essays where the ghost of saints and devils of Argentina\u2019s turbulent 1800\u2019s comes to life in a unique fashion, one that perhaps Franco only shares with Ezequiel Mart\u00ednez Estrada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ezequiel Garr\u00e9", "paragraph_text": "Ezequiel Garr\u00e9 (born November 10, 1981 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Hern\u00e1n Lopes", "paragraph_text": "Hern\u00e1n Ezequiel Lopes (born March 28, 1991 in Lomas de Zamora (Buenos Aires), Argentina) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for Deportes Iquique of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8dcbc0554299068b959df4", "question_text": "Many right wing WNP were  connected to a clandestine operation ran by a \"stay-behind\"  operation ran by what organization?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["NATO"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Operation Autonomous", "paragraph_text": "Operation Autonomous was a clandestine operation carried out on the territory of Romania by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) set up by Churchill for the duration of the war to assist local Resistance movements.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Clandestine operation", "paragraph_text": "A clandestine operation is an intelligence or military operation carried out in such a way that the operation goes unnoticed by the general population or specific 'enemy' forces.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Counter-Guerrilla", "paragraph_text": "Counter-Guerrilla (Turkish: \"Kontrgerilla\" ) is the Turkish branch of Operation Gladio, a clandestine stay-behind anti-communist initiative backed by the United States as an expression of the Truman Doctrine. The founding goal of the operation was to erect a guerrilla force capable of countering a possible Soviet invasion. The goal was soon expanded to subverting communism in Turkey.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Operation Jedburgh", "paragraph_text": "Operation Jedburgh was a clandestine operation during World War II, in which personnel of the British Special Operations Executive, the U.S. Office of Strategic Services, the Free French Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action (\"Intelligence and operations central bureau\") and the Dutch and Belgian Armies were dropped by parachute into occupied France, the Netherlands and Belgium to conduct sabotage and guerrilla warfare, and to lead the local resistance forces in actions against the Germans.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Stealing a Nation", "paragraph_text": "Stealing a Nation is a 2004 Granada Television documentary about the British\u2013American clandestine operation that saw the expulsion of the native Chagossian population of Diego Garcia and neighbouring islands. More than 2,000 people were exiled to Mauritius between 1967 and 1973, so that Diego Garcia could become a United States airbase \"(see depopulation of Chagossians from the Chagos Archipelago)\". The film contains a series of interviews with native Chagossians, who have been deprived of their right of return and forced to live in abject poverty. \"Stealing a Nation\" was written and directed by John Pilger, and produced and directed by Christopher Martin; reconstruction footage was directed by Sean Crotty.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Battle of Kiev (1941)", "paragraph_text": "The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the operation that resulted in a very large encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II. This encirclement is considered the largest encirclement in the history of warfare (by number of troops). The operation ran from 7 August to 26 September 1941 as part of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. In Soviet military history, it is referred to as the Kiev Strategic Defensive Operation, with somewhat different dating of 7 July \u2013 26 September 1941.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Years of Lead", "paragraph_text": "The Years of Lead were a political phenomenon related to the Cold War that was characterized by left- and right-wing terrorism and the strategy of tension, beginning in Italy and later spreading to the rest of Europe. In Italy terrorist groups include the Red Brigades and Ordine Nuovo, in Germany there was the Red Army Faction and in France there was \"Action directe\". In Belgium, the \"ann\u00e9es de plomb\" or \"Bloody Eighties\", refers to the Brabant massacres which resulted in 28 deaths. The far-right movement Westland New Post (WNP) has been suspected in this campaign. Attacks by the Communist Combatant Cells, a short-lived group, killed two. Many of the right-wing groups involved have been linked to Operation Gladio. The liberation of James L. Dozier signaled the end of the years of lead.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Operation Gladio", "paragraph_text": "Operation Gladio is the codename for a clandestine North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) \"stay-behind\" operation in Italy during the Cold War. Its purpose was to prepare for, and implement, armed resistance in the event of a Warsaw Pact invasion and conquest. The name \"Gladio\" is the Italian form of \"gladius\", a type of Roman shortsword. Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, \"Operation Gladio\" is used as an informal name for all of them. Stay-behind operations were prepared in many NATO member countries, and some neutral countries.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Operation Kentucky", "paragraph_text": "Operation Kentucky was a multi-Battalion operation conducted by the United States Marine Corps in the area south of the DMZ in Quang Tri Province. This was another operation to secure the Con Thien area from the North Vietnamese Army (NVA). The operation ran from November 1, 1967 until February 28, 1969.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Turkey\u2013United States relations", "paragraph_text": "Turkey\u2013United States relations in the post-World War II period evolved from the Second Cairo Conference in December 1943 and Turkey's entrance into World War II on the side of the Allies in February 1945, as a result of which Turkey became a charter member of the United Nations. Difficulties faced by Greece after the war in quelling a communist rebellion, along with demands by the Soviet Union for military bases in the Turkish Straits, prompted the United States to declare the Truman Doctrine in 1947. The doctrine enunciated American intentions to guarantee the security of Turkey and Greece, and resulted in significant U.S. military and economic support. This support manifested in the establishment of a clandestine stay-behind army, denoted the \"Counter-Guerrilla\", under Operation Gladio. After participating with United Nations forces in the Korean War, Turkey joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1952.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae68fcb5542992ae0d1635b", "question_text": "\"Ew!\" is a song by a television host born where?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Bay Ridge, Brooklyn"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Jimmy Fallon", "paragraph_text": "James Thomas Fallon (born September 19, 1974) is an American comedian, actor, television host, and musician. He is known for his work in television as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" and as the host of late-night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\". He was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn and raised in Saugerties, New York. He grew up with an interest in comedy and music, moving to Los Angeles at 21 to pursue stand-up opportunities.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Jim Puplava", "paragraph_text": "James Joseph Puplava (born 1950) is an investment analyst and Internet radio show host born in Gary, Indiana. He is the founder, president & CEO of the Puplava Financial Services (PFS) Inc. group, and Puplava Securities Inc. He is also chief author and host for the \"Financial Sense Newshour\". His companies manage $400 million for more than 825 clients (as of December 31, 2012). Puplava's website at financialsense.com was named a \"supersite for alternative investing\" by The Globe and Mail, Canada's largest-circulation national newspaper.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Susan Stafford", "paragraph_text": "Susan Stafford (born Susanna Gail Carney January 27, 1942) is an American former model, actress and television host. She was the original hostess of the American game show \"Wheel of Fortune\" from January 6, 1975 until she left on October 22, 1982. She returned briefly to \"Wheel of Fortune\" in 1986 to substitute for Vanna White.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Jason Byrne (comedian)", "paragraph_text": "Jason Byrne ( ; born 25 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and radio host born in Ballinteer, Dublin. In August 2008, he made his twelfth Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Byrne previously presented a mid-morning radio show on Phantom FM as well as a comedy panel show called \"The Byrne Ultimatum\" on RT\u00c9 Two.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Mat Dan", "paragraph_text": "Mat Dan (born Daniel Tyler, 1990) is an adventurer and host born from England and lived in Malaysia since 2009. He first settled in Malaysia after his adventures to Kapas Island. He also converted to Islam and adopted the name Kareef Daniel Abdullah. He is known for his eloquence speaking Terengganu dialect pretty well. Now, he is better known in the TV show about his adventures with his friends entitled Haramain Backpackers - Trans Siberian.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Denis Latin", "paragraph_text": "Denis Latin is a Croatian television host born on 14 February 1966 in \u0160ibenik.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Ew!", "paragraph_text": "\"Ew!\" is a song by American television host and comedian Jimmy Fallon, featuring American rapper will.i.am. The song is based on a sketch from \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", in which Fallon and guests play teenage girls constantly disgusted by things around them.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dayna Hart", "paragraph_text": "Dayna Hart is an American actress, model and television host born in New York City, who is also the founder of the Give & Get Non-profit organization. Hart made her on air debut back in 2008 on several morning talk shows and covered the White House Correspondents Association Dinner in 2008 and 2009. In 2012, she made her big screen debut starring opposite Isaiah Washington and Vivica A. Fox in the indie film Doctor Bello.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Zhu Xun", "paragraph_text": "Zhu Xun (, born September 7, 1973) is a Chinese television host. Born in Suzhou, Zhu began her career as a television host in 1987, when she was a teenager. She was the host of the \"Our Generation\" program (). In 1988 she appeared in the film \"Rocking Youth\" (). In 1992 she paused her television work to go to university at Asia University in Japan, studying management. Thereafter she remained in Japan and became a host with Japanese television station NHK. She then appeared in the television show \"Bounce Ko Gals\", \"Three Giant Dragons\", and \"Shanghainese in Tokyo\". In 1998 she wrote her MBA thesis on \"Media Market Strategy in the 21st Century\". She later returned to China. She has hosted the 2009, 2011, 2015, and 2016 editions of the CCTV New Year's Gala.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Erika Moulet", "paragraph_text": "Erika Moulet is a French journalist and television host born in 1982 in Nancy (Meurthe-et-Moselle).", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a8708ba55429960ec39b701", "question_text": "Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle and Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp are hip-hop music videos that feature what film genre?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["hardcore pornography"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle", "paragraph_text": "Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle is a mixed hardcore pornography and hip-hop music video featuring the music of rapper Snoop Dogg and presented by him. It was released in 2001. It was the first hardcore video ever listed on the Billboard music video sales chart. Because of its huge success, it started a trend where rappers are put into the mainstream of the porn industry by hosting X-rated movies. Many films of the genre followed, starring Necro, Mystikal, Too Short, Ice-T and Yukmouth. It also allowed Hustler to expand its boundaries by launching new subsidiaries for their recently formed fashion line and CD label. The scenes were shot at Snoop Dogg's house in Claremont, California. Snoop Dogg himself however, does not appear nude or perform any explicit acts.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Snoop Dogg (What's My Name Pt. 2)", "paragraph_text": "\"Snoop Dogg (What's My Name II)\" is the follow-up for one of the first singles released by rapper Snoop Dogg, \"Who Am I? (What's My Name?) .\" It was also the only CD single released from his fifth album, \"Tha Last Meal\". The music video is directed by Chris Robinson. It was produced by Timbaland and briefly features Dr. Dre, who is sat on a couch portrayed as a pimp with Snoop Dogg to his left. Nate Dogg and Lady of Rage provide vocals in the chorus.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Coolaid", "paragraph_text": "Coolaid is the fourteenth studio album by American West Coast hip hop recording artist Snoop Dogg. It was released on July 1, 2016, by Doggystyle Records and eOne Music. Recording sessions for the album took place during 2015 to 2016 at the Doggystyle Studios Records, in Diamond Bar, California. The production on the album was handled by Snoop Dogg and other record producers, including Just Blaze, Swizz Beatz and Timbaland. Snoop Dogg also enlisted a variety of guest vocalists such as Too $hort, Swizz Beatz, Jeremih, Wiz Khalifa, Trick Trick, E-40, Jazze Pha, Suga Free and October London, among others.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Diary of a G", "paragraph_text": "Diary of a G is the eleventh studio album from rapper Mr. Capone-E released on August 25, 2009 through his own record label Hi-Power Entertainment. Mr. Capone-E produced Diary of a G with co-producer Fingazz. Diary of a G is a two-disc set with the album plus the DVD; the DVD shows all the steps Mr. Capone-E takes to make the album. The DVD features artists such as Lil Eazy-E, Lil Rob, Snoop Dogg, The Game, Mr. Criminal, Prima J, (Boxer) Amrkhan, and more. The album features artist's such as Snoop Dogg, Mr. Criminal, Fingazz, The Game, Glasses Malone, Birdman, and more. Including the single \"Light My Fire\" featuring Snoop Dogg & Fingazz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Meech Wells", "paragraph_text": "Meech Wells (born Cecil D. Womack, Jr.) is a music producer from the United States. He works primarily on hip hop music, and has produced or co-produced for artists Snoop Dogg and Shaquille O'Neal. Wells is also the son of Motown singer Mary Wells and musician/songwriter, Cecil Womack. Being the son of Motown legend Mary Wells may have helped jumpstart Meech Wells' career, but the West Coast rap producer quickly proved his talent and eventually aligned himself with Snoop Dogg, another relationship that definitely didn't hurt his career. Before being Snoop's producer of choice during the late 1990s and early 2000s, Wells began his career as part of a funk band called Trey Lewd that also featured Tracey Lewis, George Clinton's son; this provided him with the opportunity to work with Clinton himself. By 1993, Wells found himself working alongside producer/rapper Def Jef; the two's production on Shaquille O'Neil's \"I Got Skillz\" (a surprise hit single) won them instant credentials. Throughout the mid-'90s, he continued to hone his craft, working on a number of remix projects before eventually being introduced to Snoop through a friend. Before long, the two were working together as a potent duo, beginning with \"Still a G Thang,\" one of the better songs on Snoop's Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told. Wells produced a few No Limit songs featuring Snoop\u2014Tru's \"It's a Beautiful Thang,\" Silkk the Shocker's \"Get It Up\"\u2014before playing a major role in bringing a West Coast sound to Snoop's Top Dogg album in 1999: \"In Love With a Thug,\" \"Better Days,\" \"Gangsta Ride,\" among others. In 2000 he reprised his role as one of Snoop's producers of choice, producing tracks for Tha Eastsidaz' self-titled debut and Doggy's Angels' Pleezbalevit, as well as Snoop's own Tha Last Meal (\"Go Away,\" \"Issues\").", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Quazedelic", "paragraph_text": "Stanley Harris Jr. (born in Santa Ana, California, U.S.) is a music producer, rapper and singer in Los Angeles, California. He records under the stage name Quaze or Quazedelic. He received his big break into the music industry when rapper Snoop Dogg signed him to Doggystyle Records in 2001. He is most recognized for his funk music style production. His first major release with the Doggystyle Records crew was on the soundtrack of Undercover Brother, where he produced the single, Give Up the Funk. The song featured Snoop Dogg, Bootsy Collins, Fred Wesley, Kokane and Quazedelic. Later he went on to work with many other Hip-Hop and R&B artists like Angie Stone, Baby Bash, G-Unit, Dub C, Redman, Suga Free and Goldie Loc from the Eastsidaz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Doggystyle", "paragraph_text": "Doggystyle is the debut studio album by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg. It was released on November 23, 1993, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records. The album was recorded and produced following Snoop's appearances on Dr. Dre's debut solo album \"The Chronic\" (1992), to which Snoop contributed significantly. The West Coast style in hip-hop that he developed from Dre's first album continued on \"Doggystyle\". Critics have praised Snoop Doggy Dogg for the lyrical \"realism\" that he delivers on the album and for his distinctive vocal flow. Despite some mixed criticism of the album initially upon its release, \"Doggystyle\" earned recognition from many music critics as one of the most significant albums of the 1990s, as well as one of the most important hip-hop albums ever released. Much like \"The Chronic\", the distinctive sounds of \"Doggystyle\" helped introduce the hip-hop subgenre of g-funk to a mainstream audience, bringing forward West Coast hip hop as a dominant force in the early-1990s.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Dead Man Walkin'", "paragraph_text": "Dead Man Walkin' is a compilation album released by Death Row Records on October 31, 2000, composed of archived Snoop Dogg recordings but was not authorized by Snoop Dogg, nor recognized on the discography on his website. Snoop Dogg was an artist on Death Row from 1992 to 1998, when he left the label following labelmate Dr. Dre's departure and the death of Tupac Shakur. The split between Snoop Dogg and Death Row head Suge Knight was less than amicable, and the title of this release was an unfriendly warning from Knight to Snoop Dogg, who had spoken out against the imposing Knight in several interviews and on record as well. According to SoundScan (2005), it has sold 220,478 copies. A music video was released for Head Doctor.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp", "paragraph_text": "Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp is a mixed hardcore pornography and hip hop music video featuring the music of rapper Snoop Dogg, produced by Hustler Video. The video was also directed, co-produced and presented by Snoop, although he does not feature in any sex scenes. In the films credits, Snoop is listed under the moniker \"Snoop Scorsese\". The movie was released in 2002, a year after Snoop Dogg set the trend of mixed hip hop porn movies with \"Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Game Don't Wait", "paragraph_text": "\"Game Don't Wait\" was the second single released from Warren G's third album, \"I Want It All\". The remix of the song, which was the version released as a single was produced by Warren G's stepbrother Dr. Dre and featured fellow 213 members, Nate Dogg and Snoop Dogg, as well as Xzibit. It peaked at 58 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. The original song was produced by Warren G and featured Snoop Dogg and Nate Dogg, but Xzibit was exclusive to the remix.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ae524415542992663a4f121", "question_text": "In what city did the 23rd overall pick of the 2015 NHL Entry Draft helped the United States national junior team win a bronze medal?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Helsinki, Finland", "Helsinki"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Paul Bittner", "paragraph_text": "Paul Bittner (born November 4, 1996) is an American professional ice hockey Winger who is currently assigned to the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect of the Columbus Blue Jackets in the National Hockey League (NHL). Bittner has played major junior hockey with the Portland Winterhawks of the Western Hockey League (WHL). Bittner was rated as a top prospect who was widely projected to be a first round selection in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft. He was, however, selected 38th overall, in the second round by the Blue Jackets in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Ivan Barbashev", "paragraph_text": "Ivan Dmitrievich Barbashev (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0448\u0451\u0432 ; born 14 December 1995) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward. He is currently playing as a prospect to the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). Barbashev was selected by the Blues in the second round (33rd overall) of the 2014 NHL Entry Draft. Born and raised in Russia, Barbashev started playing hockey there before moving to North America in 2012, where he joined the Moncton Wildcats of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He spent three seasons in the QMJHL before making his professional debut in the AHL, and made his NHL debut in 2017. Internationally Barbashev has played for the Russian national junior team at several tournaments, winning a silver and bronze medal in consecutive World Junior Championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Brendan Perlini", "paragraph_text": "Brendan Perlini (born April 27, 1996) is an English born Canadian ice hockey forward. He is currently playing for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). Perlini was selected by the Arizona Coyotes in the first round (12th overall) of the 2014 NHL Entry Draft. Born in the United Kingdom where his father, Fred Perlini, played hockey, Perlini grew up there before returning to Canada with his family in 2007. He spent four seasons in the major junior Ontario Hockey League, and made his NHL debut with the Coyotes in 2016. Internationally Perlini has played for the Canadian national junior team, and won a bronze medal at the 2014 World Under-18 Championship.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Oscar Dansk", "paragraph_text": "Oscar Dansk (born February 28, 1994) is a Swedish ice hockey goaltender currently playing with the Chicago Wolves in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). Dansk was drafted by the Columbus Blue Jackets at the 2012 NHL Entry Draft with the 31st overall pick, the first pick of the second round. He was the starting goaltender for the Swedish national junior team at the 2014 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "2016 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 IIHF World Junior Championship was the 40th World Junior Ice Hockey Championship. It was hosted in Helsinki, Finland. It began on December 26, 2015, and ended with the gold medal game on January 5, 2016. This marked the sixth time that Finland has hosted the WJC, and the hosts defeated Russia 4\u20133 in overtime to win their fourth title in history and second in the last three years. Belarus was relegated to Division I-A for 2017 by merit of their tenth-place finish, while Finnish right winger Jesse Puljuj\u00e4rvi earned MVP and top scorer honors.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Brock Boeser", "paragraph_text": "Brock Boeser ( ; ] ; born February 25, 1997) is an American ice hockey player currently playing for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). A top prospect with the Waterloo Black Hawks of the United States Hockey League (USHL), Boeser was selected 23rd overall in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft by the Canucks, and spent the following two seasons with the University of North Dakota. He made his NHL debut in 2017 with Vancouver. Internationally Boeser has played for the United States national junior team at the 2016 World Junior Championships, where he helped the team win a bronze medal.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Nail Yakupov", "paragraph_text": "Nail Railovich Yakupov (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0420\u0430\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432 , Tatar: \u041d\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0420\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0443\u043b\u044b \u042f\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432 , \"Nail Rail ul\u0131 Yakupov \" ; born 6 October 1993) is a Russian professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League. He was selected first overall by the Edmonton Oilers at the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. Yakupov grew up within the HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk junior program and moved to North America in 2010 to further his career. He joined the Sarnia Sting, a major junior team in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), where he played for two years before being selected in the NHL Entry Draft. Yakupov played for the Russian national junior team, winning medals in all three tournaments he participated in.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ryan Johansen", "paragraph_text": "Ryan Johansen (born July 31, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre, an alternate captain for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL). Growing up, he played minor hockey in the Greater Vancouver area until joining the junior ranks with the Penticton Vees of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) for one season. In 2009\u201310, he moved to the major junior level with the Portland Winterhawks of the Western Hockey League (WHL). After his first WHL season, he was selected fourth overall by the Blue Jackets in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. Internationally, he has competed for the Canadian national junior team at the 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, where he earned a silver medal and was named to the Tournament All-Star Team. In 2015, he participated in the 2015 NHL Skills Competition and was named the 2015 NHL All-Star Game MVP.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Matt Stajan", "paragraph_text": "Matthew Stajan ( ; born December 19, 1983) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was a second round selection, 57th overall, of the Toronto Maple Leafs at the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. Stajan made his NHL debut in 2004 and was a member of the Maple Leafs until he was traded to Calgary in 2010. Internationally, Stajan was a member of the Canadian national junior team that won a silver medal at the 2003 World Junior Hockey Championships.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Mackenzie Blackwood", "paragraph_text": "MacKenzie Blackwood (born December 9, 1996) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with the Binghamton Devils in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL). Blackwood was the top-rated North American goaltender ranked in the NHL Central Scouting Bureau's final rankings for the 2015 NHL Entry Draft. He was taken by the Devils in the 2nd round, 42nd overall, in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a74f3f55542993748c8974b", "question_text": "What movie was the actor born on May 4, 1946 involved in in 1972?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Five Summer Stories"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Casanova Wong", "paragraph_text": "Casanova Wong, also known as Ka Sat Fat (\u5361\u85a9\u4f10), is a former Korean martial arts actor born in 1945 as Yong-ho Kim in Gimje, South Korea. An expert in tae kwon do, he is a leg-fighter, and is well known for his spin kicks and was nicknamed \"The Human Tornado\" in the Republic of Korea Army. He made many appearances in martial arts movies but is most remembered for his role as Cashier Hua in \"Warriors Two\", where he starred alongside Sammo Hung, with whom he worked several times. Other films included \"Story of Drunken Master\" and \"Rivals of the Silver Fox\". One of Wong's last notable movie appearances was as Kang-ho in the 1994 Korean movie \"Bloody Mafia\".", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Colin Gordon", "paragraph_text": "Colin Gordon (27 April 1911 \u2013 4 October 1972) was a British actor born in Ceylon.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Eddie Aikau", "paragraph_text": "Edward Ryon Makuahanai Aikau (Kahului, Hawaii, May 4, 1946 \u2013 March 17, 1978) was a well-known Hawaiian lifeguard and surfer. The words \"Makua Hanai\" in Eddie Aikau's full name mean \"feeding parent\", an adoptive, nurturing, fostering parent, in the Hawaiian language. As the first lifeguard at Waimea Bay on the island of Oahu, he saved over 500 people and became famous for surfing the big Hawaiian surf, winning several awards including the 1977 Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Joseph Paul Cretzer", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Paul Cretzer (April 17, 1911 \u2212 May 4, 1946) was an American bank robber and prisoner at Alcatraz who participated in and was slain in the bloody \"Battle of Alcatraz\" which took place following a failed escape attempt between May 2 and May 4, 1946.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Paul Dillon", "paragraph_text": "Paul Dillon is an American actor born in Joliet, Illinois who began his career in show business in Chicago. His movie career began in 1994 with the movie \"Blink\" in which he played the role of Neal Booker. He played Paddy O'Brien in \"\", the most successful film in which he has a credited role.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Five Summer Stories", "paragraph_text": "Five Summer Stories is a 1972 surf film by Jim Freeman and Greg MacGillivray, starring David Nuuhiwa, Eddie Aikau, Gerry Lopez, and Sam Hawk. Its VHS re-release was in 1994, followed by a DVD release. \"The Original Sound Track from Five Summer Stories\" was composed and recorded by the Southern California native band, Honk. The soundtrack was released on LP in 1972 and re-released on CD in 1992.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Jan Decleir", "paragraph_text": "Jan Decleir (born 14 February 1946) is a prolific Belgian movie and stage actor born in Niel, Antwerp.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Ion Popescu-Gopo", "paragraph_text": "Ion Popescu-Gopo (] ; 1 May 1923, Roe\u0219ti, V\u00e2lcea \u2013 28 November 1989, Bucharest) was a Romanian graphic artist and animator, but also writer, movie director and actor born in Bucharest, Romania. He was a prominent personality in the Romanian cinematography and the founder of the modern Romanian cartoon school. He was, together with Liviu Ciulei and Mirel Ilie\u015fiu one of the few Romanian film artists who won an award at Cannes in the 20th century. His film \"Scurt\u0103 Istorie\" (\"A Brief History\") won the \"Short Film Palme d'Or\" for best short film in 1957. His 1965 film \"The White Moor\" was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival where he won the award for Best Director. In 1969 he was a member of the jury at the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1977 he was a member of the jury at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1983 he was a member of the jury at the 13th Moscow International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Charles Kemper", "paragraph_text": "Charles Kemper (September 6, 1900 \u2013 May 12, 1950) was an American character actor born in Oklahoma. The heavy-set actor was for decades a successful stage actor. He made only sporadic screen appearances until 1945, when he settled in Hollywood. Kemper had memorable supporting roles in films including \"The Southerner\" (1945), \"Scarlet Street\" (1945), \"Gallant Journey\" (1946), \"The Shocking Miss Pilgrim\" (1947), and the film noir \"On Dangerous Ground\" (as Pop Daly, his last film role).", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Jaya Prakash Reddy", "paragraph_text": "Turpu . JayaPrakash Reddy is a Telugu actor born in Sirvel, of Kurnool district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. He came into the limelight with the movie \"Samarasimha Reddy\" where he played the role of Veera Raghava Reddy. Fondly called JP, he acted as the villain in blockbuster hit movie \"Jayam Manade Raa and\" \"Chennakeshava Reddy\". Apart from doing villain roles, JP also acted in several comedy movies.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab3cc395542992ade7c6e9f", "question_text": "Party of Syrian Unity was established in the wake of a public statement that announced what ?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["support for the establishment of a \"national home for the Jewish people\" in Palestine"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", "paragraph_text": "Mainstream Science on Intelligence was a public statement issued by a group of academic researchers in fields associated with intelligence testing that claimed to present those findings widely accepted in the expert community. It was originally published in the \"Wall Street Journal\" on December 13, 1994 as a response to what the authors viewed as the inaccurate and misleading reports made by the media regarding academic consensus on the results of intelligence research in the wake of the appearance of \"The Bell Curve\" by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray earlier the same year. It was drafted by professor of psychology Linda Gottfredson, sent to 131 researchers, and signed by 52 university professors specializing in intelligence and related fields, including around one third of the editorial board of the journal \"Intelligence\", in which it was subsequently reprinted in 1997. The 1997 editorial prefaced a special volume of \"Intelligence\" with contributions from a wide array of psychologists.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Retraction (disambiguation)", "paragraph_text": "A retraction is a public statement made to correct a previously made statement that was incorrect, invalid, or in error.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Syrian Emergency Task Force", "paragraph_text": "The Syrian Emergency Task Force (SETF) is a United States-based organization that advocates for the armed overthrow of the government of Syria. It first gained widespread public attention in the wake of the Elizabeth O'Bagy resume padding scandal; O'Bagy had served as a paid lobbyist for the group. The group's primary activity is advocating for U.S. military involvement in the Syrian Civil War through congressional office visits, media awareness campaigns, and organizing junkets for key U.S. foreign policy decisionmakers. According to SETF, it is also committed to supporting the overthrow of the government of Cuba; a statement co-signed by it and the Florida-based Cuban exile organization \"Assembly of the Resistance\" declared it would work for \"the overthrow of the dictatorial regimes of Assad and Castro.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Iraq Inquiry", "paragraph_text": "The Iraq Inquiry (also referred to as the Chilcot Inquiry after its chairman, Sir John Chilcot) was a British public inquiry into the nation's role in the Iraq War. The inquiry was announced in 2009 by Prime Minister Gordon Brown and published in 2016 with a public statement by Chilcot.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Damascus Declaration", "paragraph_text": "The Damascus Declaration (Arabic: \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u200e \u200e ) was a statement of unity by Syrian opposition figures issued in October 2005. It criticized the Syrian government as \"authoritarian, totalitarian and cliquish,\" and called for \"peaceful, gradual,\" reform \"founded on accord, and based on dialogue and recognition of the other.\"", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Retraction", "paragraph_text": "A retraction is a public statement made about an earlier statement that withdraws, cancels, refutes, or reverses the original statement or ceases and desists from publishing the original statement. The retraction may be initiated by the editors of a journal, or by the author(s) of the papers (or their institution). Retractions may or may not be accompanied by the author's further explanation as to how the original statement came to be made and/or what subsequent events, discoveries, or experiences led to the subsequent retraction. They are also in some cases accompanied by apologies for previous error and/or expressions of gratitude to persons who disclosed the error to the author.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Statement of 1000", "paragraph_text": "The Statement of 1000 was a statement by 1000 Syrian intellectuals in January 2001, during the Damascus Spring, following the earlier Statement of 99 made in September 2000. The Statement of 1000 was more detailed than the earlier statement, criticising the effective one-party rule of the Ba'ath Party and calling for multiparty democracy, with an independent judiciary and without discrimination against women.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "Balfour Declaration", "paragraph_text": "The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued by the British government during World War I announcing support for the establishment of a \"national home for the Jewish people\" in Palestine, then an Ottoman region with a minority Jewish population. It read:", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Declaration to the Seven", "paragraph_text": "The Declaration to the Seven was a document written by the British diplomat Sir Henry McMahon and released on June 16, 1918 in response to a memorandum issued anonymously by seven Syrian notables in Cairo who were members of the newly formed Party of Syrian Unity, established in the wake of the Balfour Declaration and the November 23, 1917 publication by the Bolsheviks of the secret May 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement between Britain and France. The memorandum requested a \"guarantee of the ultimate independence of Arabia\". The Declaration stated the British policy that the future government of the regions of the Ottoman Empire occupied by Allies of World War I \"should be based upon the principle of the consent of the governed\".", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Communist Labour Party (Syria)", "paragraph_text": "The Communist Labour Party (Arabic: \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u200e \u200e \"Hizb Al-'Amal Al-Shuyu'iy\"; also translated as the \"Party for Communist Action\") is a Syrian communist party active in the 1980s and early 1990s. The party, a Marxist\u2013Leninist splinter group from the Syrian Communist Party, was first formed in August 1976 as the \"League for Communist Action,\" and was renamed to \"Communist Labor Party\" on 6 August 1981. The party, banned by the government of Syria since its establishment, was victim to a number of crackdowns, where 200 of its members were arrested in 1986 alone. 21 members were sentenced by the Supreme State Security Court for \"membership in a secret organization created to change the economic or social structure of the state\". Amnesty International protested on behalf of the prisoners. The party continued to secretly distribute its publications\u2013\"ar-Raya al-Hamra'a\" (\"\"The Red Banner\"\"), \"ash-Shyu'i\" (\"\"The Communist\"\"), \"al-Brulitari\" (\"\"The Proletarian\"\")\u2013until 1991. On 6 August 2003, the party announced its return to the political scene in a statement, followed by a new publication called \"al-An\" (\"\"Now\"\").", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5a83a4bc554299123d8c217f", "question_text": "Bobby Arora is the trading director of a retail chain that was formed in what year?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["1978"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "Robin Arora", "paragraph_text": "Robin Arora (born January 1985) is a British billionaire businessman, a director of the retail chain B & M.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Bobby Arora", "paragraph_text": "Bobby Arora (born January 1972) is a British billionaire businessman, trading director of the retail chain B & M.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Crom\u0101", "paragraph_text": "Crom\u0101 is an Indian retail chain for consumer electronics and durables. It is the nation's first large format specialist retail chain for consumer electronics and durables with successful expansion into Croma Zip stores, Croma Kiosks and latest online vertical, www.croma.com. Tata Group company Infiniti Retail runs Crom\u0101 stores in India. Infiniti Retail Ltd is a 100% subsidiary of TATA Sons.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "Big Bazaar", "paragraph_text": "Big Bazaar is an Indian retail store that operates as a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores. The retail chain was founded by Kishore Biyani under his parent organisation Future Group, which is known for having a significant prominence in Indian retail and fashion sectors. Big Bazaar is also the parent chain of Food Bazaar, Fashion at Big Bazaar (abbreviated as \"fbb\") and eZone where at locations it houses all under one roof, while it is sister chain of retail outlets like Brand Factory, Home Town, Central, eZone, etc.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Leakage (retail)", "paragraph_text": "Retail leakage occurs when local people are spending more for goods, than local businesses sell, usually due to people traveling to a neighboring town to buy goods. Retail sales leakage occurs when there is unsatisfied demand within the trading area and that the locality should provide extra stores spaces for such type of businesses. After all, retail leakage does not necessarily translate into opportunity. For instance, there could be a tough competition in a nearby locality that leads the market for same type of product. Many small - to medium-sized communities experience leakage of retail expenditures as local citizens drive to neighboring towns to shop at national retail chains (e.g. Tesco, Asda) or eat at national restaurant chains (e.g. Slug and Lettuce, Harvester). Attracting such national retail chain stores and restaurants to a community can prevent this type of expenditure leakage and create local jobs.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Super-Markets Arvanitidis", "paragraph_text": "Arvanitidis (Greek: \u0391\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 ) was a regional Greek supermarket chain situated in northern Greece. The company was established in 1950 by N. Arvanitidis initially as a wholesaler. In 1986 Arvanitidis opened its first supermarket in Veria. As of January 2012, the company has a total of 163 stores, the majority of which are located in northern Greece. Arvanitidis is the second biggest regional grocery retail chain in Greece. The company belongs to the Arvanitidis family. In 2013, a scandal broke out, bringing the retail chain to sell products that were produced in its storehouses under the name of famous brands.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Chain store", "paragraph_text": "Chain store(s) or retail chain are retail outlets that share a brand and central management, and usually have standardized business methods and practices. In retail, dining, and many service categories, chain businesses have come to dominate the market in many parts of the world. A franchise retail establishment is one form of chain store. In 2004, the world's largest retail chain, Wal-Mart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "B &amp; M", "paragraph_text": "B&M European Retail Value S.A. (also known as B&M Bargains and the larger B&M Homestore) was formed in 1978 and is now one of the leading variety retailers in the United Kingdom, employing over 22,500 staff. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Sears Canada", "paragraph_text": "Sears Canada is a Canadian retail chain headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. The company's roots are in Simpsons-Sears, a joint venture with the Simpsons retail chain and the U.S. Sears chain, which operated a national mail order business, and co-branded Simpsons-Sears stores modelled after the U.S. Sears chain. Following the purchase of Simpsons by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1978, the joint venture was dismantled, and the Simpsons-Sears stores became solely owned by Sears. In 1999, Sears Canada acquired the remaining assets and locations of the historic Canadian chain Eaton's. Sears Holdings now owns a 10% share in the company. ESL Investments is the largest shareholder of Sears Canada.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Simon Arora", "paragraph_text": "Simon Arora (born November 1969) is a British billionaire businessman, CEO of the retail chain B & M.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5add26075542994ed6169c9c", "question_text": "What public radio network in New York has allowed Eric Plakun to dis his psychiatric work?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["WAMC"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "WGPB", "paragraph_text": "WGPB FM 97.7 is a public radio station in Rome, Georgia. It is part of the Georgia Public Broadcasting radio network, a state network which in turn is a member of National Public Radio, Public Radio International, and American Public Media. Unlike most stations on the GPB network, WGPB does not completely simulcast with the network. WGPB also produces its own programs. The studios are located at Georgia Highlands College's Heritage Hall campus in downtown Rome, from which locally produced programming originates. The station began broadcasting as WGPB at 5 AM on June 30, 2006.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Steve Robinson (executive)", "paragraph_text": "Steve Robinson (born September 7, 1946) is an American radio manager, producer and executive producer. He has held senior management positions with numerous American radio stations, including WFMT and the WFMT Radio Network/Chicago, WBUR/Boston, WGBH/Boston, WCRB/Boston, KPFA/Berkeley, WBGO/Newark, Vermont Public Radio and Nebraska Public Radio Network.ork. Robinson served as general manager of the statewide Nebraska Public Radio Network (1990-2000) and WFMT and the WFMT Radio Network from 2000 until October 2016.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "KCND", "paragraph_text": "KCND (90.5 FM) is a public radio station licensed to Bismarck. It signed on the air in 1981 as Prairie Public Radio, which later became part of the statewide North Dakota Public Radio network, the entirety of which was later renamed Prairie Public Radio. It currently broadcasts with an effective radiated power of 50\u00a0kW on 90.5\u00a0MHz.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "New Jersey Network", "paragraph_text": "The New Jersey Network (NJN) was a network of public television and radio stations serving the U.S. state of New Jersey. NJN was a member of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) for television and the National Public Radio (NPR) for radio, broadcasting their programming as well as producing and broadcasting their own programming, mostly relating to issues in New Jersey. With studios in both Trenton and Newark, NJN's television network covered all of New Jersey, plus parts of Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut and Delaware; the radio network primarily served several areas of New Jersey that were not covered by Philadelphia and New York City public radio stations.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Eric Plakun", "paragraph_text": "Eric M. Plakun, MD, DLFAPA, FACPsych, is an American board certified psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, researcher and forensic psychiatrist. He is the current associate medical director and director of biopsychosocial advocacy at the Austen Riggs Center in Stockbridge, MA. Plakun\u2019s primary interests include the value of and evidence base for psychosocial treatments and the diagnosis, treatment, longitudinal course and outcome of patients with borderline personality disorder and treatment resistant disorders. Plakun has been widely published and quoted in the media on psychotherapy and psychiatry, including in The New York Times and The Globe and Mail. He has appeared in the media to discuss his psychiatric work on WAMC, the Albany, New York affiliate of NPR. and on CBS 60 Minutes. His psychiatric research has been widely cited.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "WPPR", "paragraph_text": "WPPR (88.3) is a public radio station in Demorest, Georgia. Originally, WPPR had the call letters WDEM (Radio Demorest), but changed to WPPR on August 19, 1996. It is part of the Georgia Public Broadcasting radio network, which in turn is a member of National Public Radio, Public Radio International, and American Public Media. Unlike many stations of the GPB network, WPPR does not only broadcast simulcasts from GPB. WPPR also produces its own programming about the local area including Habersham County. One of the community features, \"Community Life in Northeast Georgia,\" is an educational and informative program about an area that is not well known. WPPR's studios are located on the Piedmont College campus in Demorest. This allows for Piedmont Mass Communications students to work directly with WPPR as interns.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 6, "title": "WAMC", "paragraph_text": "WAMC is a public radio network headquartered in Albany, New York. The network has 12 broadcast radio stations (transmitters) and 16 broadcast relay stations (translators,repeaters). One of the stations is an AM station: WAMC (AM) 1400 in Albany. The organization's legal name is \"WAMC\" and it is also known as \"WAMC Public Radio\" or \"WAMC Northeast Public Radio.\"", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 7, "title": "AMPERS", "paragraph_text": "AMPERS (Association of Minnesota Public Educational Radio Stations) is a public radio network in Minnesota. It is the second-largest public radio organization in the state, after Minnesota Public Radio (MPR). Known as Independent Public Radio (IPR) between 2004 and 2012, the network helps member stations coordinate fundraising and allows them to share a certain amount of programming. A number of AMPERS' 12 members are college radio stations. The network headquarters is located at 525 Park Street, Suite 310, St. Paul, MN.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "KMXT (FM)", "paragraph_text": "KMXT is a non-commercial radio station in Kodiak, Alaska, broadcasting on 100.1 FM. The station airs public radio programming from the National Public Radio network, Alaska Public Radio Network and the BBC World Service. KMXT also airs many hours of locally originated news, talk and music programming, and relies heavily on non-paid citizen volunteers to host numerous shows.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "Minnesota Public Radio", "paragraph_text": "Minnesota Public Radio (MPR), is a public radio network for the state of Minnesota. With its three services, News & Information, Classical Music and The Current, MPR operates a 44-station regional radio network in the upper Midwest serving over 9 million people. MPR has 127,150 members and more than one million listeners each week, the largest audience of any regional public radio network.", "is_supporting": false}]}
{"dataset": "hotpotqa", "question_id": "5ab2c418554299545a2cfa67", "question_text": "Ckm wz. 25 Hotchkiss was a Polish derivative of what machine gun that became the standard machine gun of the French Army during World War I?", "level": "hard", "type": "bridge", "answers_objects": [{"number": "", "date": {"day": "", "month": "", "year": ""}, "spans": ["Mle 1914 Hotchkiss machine gun"]}], "contexts": [{"idx": 0, "title": "St. \u00c9tienne Mle 1907", "paragraph_text": "The French St. \u00c9tienne Mle 1907 (French: \"Mitrailleuse Mle 1907 T\" ) was a gas operated air-cooled machine gun in 8mm Lebel which was widely used in the early years of the First World War. The \"St.Etienne Mle 1907\" was not derived from the Hotchkiss machine gun. Instead it was an entirely different gas operated blow-forward design borrowed from the semi-automatic Bang rifle of 1903. This Bang system was first transposed in 1905 to the French Puteaux APX Machine Gun which soon proved to be unsatisfactory. Then, two years later, the Mle 1907 \"St-Etienne\" machine gun followed as an improved redesign of the \"Puteaux\" machine gun. However the Mle 1907 \"Saint Etienne\" was only a partial redesign : the original blow-forward gas piston, rack-and-pinion system, and bolt mechanism of the Mle 1905 \" Puteaux\" machine gun had all been kept only slightly modified inside the newer weapon. Eventually a total of over 39,700 \"St-Etienne\" Mle 1907 machine guns were manufactured between 1908 and late 1917. They were widely used by French infantry during the early part of World War I until their replacement by the distinctly more reliable Hotchkiss M1914 machine-gun.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 1, "title": "Karabin maszynowy wz. 36", "paragraph_text": "Karabin maszynowy wz. 36, also known as Karabin lotniczy uniwersalny wz. 36 (Polish: \"Machine gun Mark 1936\" and Polish: \"Aerial Universal Machine Gun\" , respectively) was a Polish 7.9 mm calibre aerial machine gun of the 1930s. It was a further modified version of Karabin maszynowy wz. 33, itself a modification of the successful Ckm wz.30 multi-purpose HMG.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 2, "title": "Type 97 heavy tank machine gun", "paragraph_text": "The Type 97 heavy tank machine gun (\u4e5d\u4e03\u5f0f\u8eca\u8f09\u91cd\u6a5f\u95a2\u9283 , Ky\u016b-nana-shiki shasai j\u016b-kikanj\u016b ) was the standard machine gun used in tanks and armored vehicles of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, a heavy machine gun by infantry forces, This weapon was not related to the Type 97 aircraft machine gun used in several Japanese Navy aircraft including the A6M Zero.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 3, "title": "4TP", "paragraph_text": "4TP, otherwise known as PZIn\u017c 140, was a Polish light tank prototype. It was designed by 16 December 1936 by Edward Habich of the Pa\u0144stwowe Zak\u0142ady In\u017cynieryjne works. A light reconnaissance tank, it was to become a heavier replacement for TK-3 and TKS tankettes in Polish service. In addition to light, manoeuvrable chassis, the tank was to feature a turret with one 20 mm nkm wz. 38 FK autocannon and one Ckm wz. 30 machine gun.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 4, "title": "Ckm wz. 25 Hotchkiss", "paragraph_text": "The Ci\u0119\u017cki karabin maszynowy wz. 25 Hotchkiss (Polish for \"Heavy machine gun, Mark 1925, Hotchkiss\") was a Polish derivative of the Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun, rechambered for 7.92\u00d757mm Mauser ammunition.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 5, "title": "Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun", "paragraph_text": "The Mle 1914 Hotchkiss machine gun chambered for the 8mm Lebel cartridge became the standard machine gun of the French Army during World War I. It was manufactured by the French arms company Hotchkiss et Cie, which had been established in the 1860s by American industrialist Benjamin B. Hotchkiss. The gas-actuated Hotchkiss system was first formulated in 1895 by Odkolek von Ujezda and improved into its final form by Hotchkiss armament engineers Laurence Ben\u00e9t and Henri Merci\u00e9.", "is_supporting": true}, {"idx": 6, "title": "Canadian Machine Gun Corps", "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Machine Gun Corps (CMGC) was an administrative corps of the Canadian Army. It was part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force sent to France during World War I. The Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade was organized in the Permanent Force on 3 November 1919. The Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade was redesignated the Royal Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade on 16 June 1921. The Royal Canadian Permanent Machine Gun Brigade was disbanded on 1 November 1923. The Canadian Machine Gun Corps donated a wall plaque at St. George's Church in Ypres.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 7, "title": "1939 Infantry Regiment (Poland)", "paragraph_text": "The Polish Infantry Regiment during World War 2 (in Polish Pulk Piechoty) comprised on average some 2,900 men and 60 officers organised around 3 rifle battalions armed with the Mauser 98k 7.92mm bolt-action rifle. Each 19-man squad was also issued the RKM wz.28 light machine gun. Other regimental weapons included the Polish version of the French Model 1897 75-mm field gun, the Wz. 35 anti-tank rifle, the Ckm wz.30 heavy machine gun, the wz.31 81\u00a0mm mortar, and the wz.36 46mm light mortar/grenade launcher.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 8, "title": "Ckm wz. 30", "paragraph_text": "Ckm wz. 30 (short for \"ci\u0119\u017cki karabin maszynowy wz. 30\"; \"heavy machine gun 1930 Pattern\") is a Polish-made clone of the American Browning M1917 heavy machine gun. Produced with various modifications such as greater caliber, longer barrel and adjustable sighting device, it was an improved although unlicensed copy of its predecessor, and was the standard machine gun of the Polish Army since 1931.", "is_supporting": false}, {"idx": 9, "title": "M2 Browning", "paragraph_text": "The M2 Machine Gun or Browning .50 Caliber Machine Gun is a heavy machine gun designed toward the end of World War I by John Browning. Its design is similar to Browning's earlier M1919 Browning machine gun, which was chambered for the .30-06 cartridge. The M2 uses the much larger and much more powerful .50 BMG cartridge, which was developed alongside and takes its name from the gun itself (BMG standing for \"Browning Machine Gun\"). It has been referred to as \"Ma Deuce\", in reference to its M2 nomenclature. The design has had many specific designations; the official designation for the current infantry type is Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .50, M2, HB, Flexible. It is effective against infantry, unarmored or lightly armored vehicles and boats, light fortifications and low-flying aircraft. The M2 has been produced longer than any other machine gun.", "is_supporting": false}]}