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license: cc-by-4.0
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language:
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- tr
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- 10M<n<100M
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task_categories:
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- text-generation
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- pretraining
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- turkish
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- deduplication
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- quality-filtered
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configs:
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- config_name: minhash_deduped
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data_files:
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data_files:
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: "consensus/*.parquet"
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---
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A high-quality Turkish pretraining dataset created by combining, filtering, and deduplicating multiple sources.
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## Dataset Description
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- **C4** (mC4 Turkish subset)
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- **CulturaX** (Turkish)
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- **Fineweb-2** (tur_Latn)
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- **HPLT-2** (tur_Latn, 5 shards)
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- **VNGRS Web Corpus**
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## Subsets
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset("AdaMLLab/TurMix", "minhash_deduped")
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```
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- ~27M documents
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- 359GB compressed
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### 2. `quality_filtered`
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Quality-filtered data before deduplication. Use this if you want to apply your own deduplication.
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset("AdaMLLab/TurMix", "quality_filtered")
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```
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- 658GB compressed
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### 3. `consensus`
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Documents that appear in 2+ sources (exact text match). These are high-confidence documents verified across multiple crawls.
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset("AdaMLLab/TurMix", "consensus")
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```
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- Language identification (Turkish Latin script ratio)
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- Document length constraints
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- Line quality metrics
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- Repetition detection (including Turkish-specific patterns)
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- Boilerplate/policy phrase removal
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---
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language:
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- tr
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license: other
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task_categories:
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- text-generation
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arxiv: 2512.18834
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configs:
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- config_name: minhash_deduped
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: minhash_deduped/**/*.parquet
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- config_name: matched
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: consensus/*.parquet
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default: minhash_deduped
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<img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/AdaMLLab/TurMix/resolve/main/finetasks_turkish_main_results.png" width="900" alt="Finetasks benchmark scores, showing TurMix-Matched as SOTA.">
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TurMix ([https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18834](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18834)) is a Turkish pretraining corpus containing 168 billion tokens across 219 million documents (in the minhash subset). Rather than scraping the web again, TurMix combines five publicly available Turkish datasets, applies Turkish-specific quality filtering, and performs cross-dataset deduplication.
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We train a 1.4B parameter language model through nanotron on 30 billion tokens to show that the `matched` subset of TurMix outperforms the previous state-of-the-art, [FineWeb-2 Turkish](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2) (see [Appendix A9 in the Fineweb-2 paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.20920)), achieving a 5.5% relative improvement. Furthermore, the `minhash_deduped` subset performs competitively with over 2× the total number of tokens.
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## Subsets
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| Subset | Documents | Tokens | Description |
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|--------|-----------|--------|-------------|
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| `minhash_deduped` | 219.1M | 167.6B | Document-level MinHash deduplication only |
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| `matched` | 67.6M | 56.0B | Documents appearing in 2+ source datasets |
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The matched subset uses cross-dataset agreement as a signal for quality.
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## Usage
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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ds = load_dataset("AdaMLLab/TurMix", "minhash_deduped")
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ds = load_dataset("AdaMLLab/TurMix", "matched")
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```
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## Sources
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Tokens were counted using `meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B`'s tokenizer.
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| Source | Tokens (MinHash) | Documents (MinHash) |
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|--------|------------------|---------------------|
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| HPLT 2.0 | 46.0B | 53.7M |
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| FineWeb-2 | 41.9B | 54.5M |
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| CulturaX | 35.8B | 47.9M |
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| C4 | 25.3B | 36.5M |
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| VNGRS-Web | 18.7B | 26.5M |
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| **Total** | **167.6B** | **219.1M** |
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## Pipeline
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1. Quality filtering with Turkish-specific thresholds (terminal punctuation, repetition patterns, Latin script ratio, language identification)
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2. Document-level MinHash deduplication (5-gram shingles, 14 bands, 8 hashes per band, similarity threshold 0.8)
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3. Cross-source matching to identify documents appearing in 2+ independent sources
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## Citation
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```bib
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@misc{alrashed2025mixminmatch,
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title={Mix, MinHash, and Match: Cross-Source Agreement for Multilingual Pretraining Datasets},
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author={Sultan Alrashed and Francesco Orabona},
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year={2025},
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eprint={2512.18834v2},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CL},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18834v2},
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}
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```
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## License
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See individual source dataset licenses.
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