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fgvc-aircraft-2013b/README.html ADDED
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+ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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+ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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+ <head>
5
+ <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
6
+ <title>FGVC-Aircraft</title>
7
+ <style type="text/css">
8
+ html {
9
+ font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Sans ;
10
+ }
11
+ body {
12
+ max-width: 60em ;
13
+ margin: 0 auto ;
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+ padding: 1em ;
15
+ }
16
+ pre {
17
+ background-color: #fafafa ;
18
+ border: 1px solid #ccc ;
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+ padding: 1em ;
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+ }
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+ p {
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+ line-height: 1.4em ;
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+ }
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+ </style>
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+ </head>
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+ <body>
27
+
28
+ <h1>FGVC-Aircraft Benchmark</h1>
29
+
30
+ <p><strong>Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft (FGVC-Aircraft)</strong> is
31
+ a benchmark dataset for the fine grained visual categorization of
32
+ aircraft.</p>
33
+
34
+ <ul>
35
+ <li><a href="archives/fgvc-aircraft-2013b.tar.gz">Data, annotations, and evaluation code</a> [2.75 GB | <a href="archives/fgvc-aircraft-2013b.html">MD5 Sum</a>].</li>
36
+ <li><a href="archives/fgvc-aircraft-2013b-annotations.tar.gz">Annotations and evaluation code only</a> [375 KB | <a href="archives/fgvc-aircraft-2013b-annotations.html">MD5 Sum</a>].</li>
37
+ <li>Project <a href="http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/data/fgvc-aircraft/">home page</a>.</li>
38
+ <li>This data was used as part of the fine-grained recognition challenge
39
+ <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/fgcomp2013/">FGComp 2013</a> which ran
40
+ jointly with the ImageNet Challenge 2013
41
+ (<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/fgcomp2013/results">results</a>). Please
42
+ note that <em>the evaluation code provided here may differ</em> from the
43
+ one used in the challenge.</li>
44
+ </ul>
45
+
46
+ <p>Please use the following citation when referring to this dataset:</p>
47
+
48
+ <p><em>Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft</em>, S. Maji, J. Kannala,
49
+ E. Rahtu, M. Blaschko, A. Vedaldi, <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.5151">arXiv.org</a>, 2013</p>
50
+
51
+ <pre><code>@techreport{maji13fine-grained,
52
+ title = {Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft},
53
+ author = {S. Maji and J. Kannala and E. Rahtu
54
+ and M. Blaschko and A. Vedaldi},
55
+ year = {2013},
56
+ archivePrefix = {arXiv},
57
+ eprint = {1306.5151},
58
+ primaryClass = "cs-cv",
59
+ }
60
+ </code></pre>
61
+
62
+ <p>For further information see:</p>
63
+
64
+ <ul>
65
+ <li><a href="#quick">Quick start</a>
66
+ <ul>
67
+ <li><a href="#aircraft">About aircraft</a></li>
68
+ </ul></li>
69
+ <li><a href="#format">Data and annotation format</a></li>
70
+ <li><a href="#evaluation">Evaluation</a>
71
+ <ul>
72
+ <li><a href="#metric">Evaluation metric</a></li>
73
+ <li><a href="#code">Evaluation code</a></li>
74
+ </ul></li>
75
+ <li><a href="#ack">Ackwonledgments</a></li>
76
+ <li><a href="#release">Release notes</a></li>
77
+ </ul>
78
+
79
+ <p><strong>Note.</strong> This data has been used as part of the <em>ImageNet FGVC
80
+ challenge in conjuction with the International Conference on Computer
81
+ Vision (ICCV) 2013</em>. Test labels were not made available until the
82
+ challenge due to the ImageNet challenge policy. They have now been
83
+ released as part of the download above. If you arelady downloaded the
84
+ iamge archive and want to have access to the test labels, simply
85
+ download the annotations archive again.</p>
86
+
87
+ <p><strong>Note.</strong> Images in the benchmark are generously made available <strong>for
88
+ non-commercial research purposes only</strong> by a number of <em>airplane
89
+ spotters</em>. Please note that the original authors retain the copyright
90
+ of the respective photographs and should be contacted for any other
91
+ use. For further details see the <a href="#ack">copyright note</a> below.</p>
92
+
93
+ <h1><a id=quick></a> Quick start</h1>
94
+
95
+ <p>The dataset contains 10,200 images of aircraft, with 100 images for
96
+ each of 102 different aircraft model variants, most of which are
97
+ airplanes. The (main) aircraft in each image is annotated with a tight
98
+ bounding box and a hierarchical airplane model label.</p>
99
+
100
+ <p>Aircraft models are organized in a four-levels hierarchy. The four
101
+ levels, from finer to coarser, are:</p>
102
+
103
+ <ul>
104
+ <li><strong>Model</strong>, e.g. <em>Boeing 737-76J</em>. Since certain models are nearly visually
105
+ indistinguishable, this level is not used in the evaluation.</li>
106
+ <li><strong>Variant</strong>, e.g. <em>Boeing 737-700</em>. A variant collapses all the
107
+ models that are visually indistinguishable into one class. The
108
+ dataset comprises 102 different variants.</li>
109
+ <li><strong>Family</strong>, e.g. <em>Boeing 737</em>. The dataset comprises 70 different
110
+ families.</li>
111
+ <li><strong>Manufacturer</strong>, e.g. <em>Boeing</em>. The dataset comprises 41
112
+ different manufacturers.</li>
113
+ </ul>
114
+
115
+ <p>The data is divided into three equally-sized <em>training</em>, <em>validation</em>
116
+ and <em>test</em> subsets. The first two sets can be used for development,
117
+ and the latter should be used for final evaluation only. The format of
118
+ the data is described <a href="#format">next</a>.</p>
119
+
120
+ <p>The performance of a fine-grained classification algorithm is
121
+ evaluated in term of average class-prediction accuracy. This is
122
+ defined as the average of the diagonal of the row-normalized confusion
123
+ matrix, as used for example in Caltech-101. Three classification
124
+ challenges are considered: variant, family, and manufacturer. An
125
+ <a href="#software">evaluation script</a> in MATLAB is provided.</p>
126
+
127
+ <h2><a href=aircraft></a> About aircraft</h2>
128
+
129
+ <p>Aircraft, and in particular airplanes, are alternative to objects
130
+ typically considered for fine-grained categorization such as birds and
131
+ pets. There are several aspects that make aircraft model recognition
132
+ particularly interesting. Firstly, aircraft designs span a hundred
133
+ years, including many thousand different models and hundreds of
134
+ different makes and airlines. Secondly, aircraft designs vary
135
+ significantly depending on the size (from home-built to large
136
+ carriers), destination (private, civil, military), purpose
137
+ (transporter, carrier, training, sport, fighter, etc.), propulsion
138
+ (glider, propeller, jet), and many other factors including
139
+ technology. One particular axis of variation, which is is not shared
140
+ with categories such as animals, is the fact that the <em>structure</em> of
141
+ the aircraft changes with their design (number of wings,
142
+ undercarriages, wheel per undercarriage, engines, etc.). Thirdly, any
143
+ given aircraft model can be re-purposed or used by different
144
+ companies, which causes further variations in appearance
145
+ (livery). These, depending on the identification task, may be consider
146
+ as noise or as useful information to be extracted. Finally, aircraft
147
+ are largely rigid objects, which simplifies certain aspects of their
148
+ modeling (compared to highly-deformable animals such as cats),
149
+ allowing one to focus on the core aspects of the fine-grained
150
+ recognition problem.</p>
151
+
152
+ <h1><a id=format></a> Data format</h1>
153
+
154
+ <p>The directory <code>data</code> contains the images as well as a number of text
155
+ files with the data annotations.</p>
156
+
157
+ <p>Images are contained in the <code>data/images</code> sub-directory. They are in
158
+ JPEG format and have a name composed of seven digits and the <code>.jpg</code>
159
+ suffix (e.g. <code>data/images/1187707.jpg</code>). The image resolution is about
160
+ 1-2MP. Each image has at the bottom a banner 20 pixels high containing
161
+ <a href="#ack">copyright</a> information. Please make sure to remove this banner
162
+ when using the images to train and evaluate algorithms.</p>
163
+
164
+ <p>The annotations come in a number of text files. Each line of these
165
+ files contains an image name optionally followed by an image
166
+ annotation, either a textual label or a sequence of numbers.</p>
167
+
168
+ <p><code>data/images_train.txt</code> contains the list of training images:</p>
169
+
170
+ <pre>
171
+ 0787226
172
+ 1481091
173
+ 1548899
174
+ 0674300
175
+ ...
176
+ </pre>
177
+
178
+ <p>Similar files <code>data/images_val.txt</code> and <code>data/images_test.txt</code> contain the list
179
+ of validation and test images.</p>
180
+
181
+ <p><code>data/images_variant_train.txt</code>, <code>data/images_family_train.txt</code>, and
182
+ <code>data/images_manufacturer_train.txt</code> contain the list of training
183
+ images annotated with the model variant, family, and manufacturer
184
+ names respectively:</p>
185
+
186
+ <pre>
187
+ 0787226 Abingdon Spherical Free Balloon
188
+ 1481091 AEG Wagner Eule
189
+ 1548899 Aeris Naviter AN-2 Enara
190
+ 0674300 Aeritalia F-104S Starfighter
191
+ ...
192
+ </pre>
193
+
194
+ <p>Similar files are provided for the validation and test subsets.</p>
195
+
196
+ <p>Finally, <code>data/images_box.txt</code> contains the aircraft bounding
197
+ boxes, one per image. The bounding box is specified by four numbers:
198
+ <em>xmin</em>, <em>ymin</em>, <em>xmax</em> and <em>ymax</em>. The top-left pixel of an image has
199
+ coordinate (1,1).</p>
200
+
201
+ <h1><a id=evaluation></a> Evaluation</h1>
202
+
203
+ <p>The performance of a classifier is measured in term of its average
204
+ classification accuracy, as detailed next.</p>
205
+
206
+ <h2><a id=metric></a> Evaluation metric</h2>
207
+
208
+ <p>The output of a classification algorithm must be a list of triplets of
209
+ the type (<em>image</em>,<em>label</em>,<em>score</em>), where</p>
210
+
211
+ <ul>
212
+ <li><em>image</em> is an image label, i.e. a seven-digit number,</li>
213
+ <li><em>label</em> is an image label, i.e.. an aircraft model variant, family, or manufacturer, and</li>
214
+ <li><em>score</em> is a real number expressing the belief in the judgment.</li>
215
+ </ul>
216
+
217
+ <p>When computing the classification accuracy, an image is assigned the
218
+ label contained in its highest-scoring triplet. An image that has no
219
+ triplets is considered unclassified and always count as a
220
+ classification error (therefore it is better to guess at least one
221
+ label for each image rather than leaving it unclassified).</p>
222
+
223
+ <p>The quality of the predictions is measured in term of <em>average
224
+ accuracy</em>, obtained as follows:</p>
225
+
226
+ <ul>
227
+ <li>The confusion matrix is square, with one row per class.</li>
228
+ <li>Each element of the confusion matrix is the number of time aircraft
229
+ of a given class (specified by the row) are classified as a second
230
+ class (column). Ideally, the confusion matrix should be diagonal.</li>
231
+ <li>The confusion matrix is row-normalized by the number of images of
232
+ the corresponding aircraft class (each row therefore sums to one if
233
+ there are no unclassified images).</li>
234
+ <li>The average accuracy is computed as the average of the diagonal of
235
+ the confusion matrix.</li>
236
+ </ul>
237
+
238
+ <p>There are three challenges: classifying the aircraft variant, family, and manufacturer.</p>
239
+
240
+ <h2><a id=code></a> Evaluation code</h2>
241
+
242
+ <p>The evaluation protocol has been implemented in the MATLAB m-file
243
+ <code>evaluation.m</code>. This function takes the path to the <code>data</code> folder, a
244
+ composite name indicating the evaluation subset and challenge
245
+ (e.g. <code>'manufacturer_test'</code> or <code>'family_val'</code>), and the list of
246
+ triplets, and returns the confusion matrix. For example</p>
247
+
248
+ <pre>
249
+ images = {'2074164'} ;
250
+ labels = {'McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30'} ;
251
+ scores = 1 ;
252
+ confusion = evaluate('/path/fgcv-aircraft/data', 'test', images, labels, scores) ;
253
+ accuracy = mean(diag(confusion)) ;
254
+ </pre>
255
+
256
+ <p>evaluates a classifier output containing exactly one triplet (image,
257
+ label, score), where the image is <code>'2074164'</code>, its predicted class is
258
+ <code>'McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30'</code>, and the score of the prediction is
259
+ <code>1</code>. In practice, a complete set of predictions (one for each
260
+ image-class pair) is usually evaluated.</p>
261
+
262
+ <p>See the builtin help of the <code>evaluation</code> MATLAB functions for further
263
+ practical details. See also <code>example_evaluation.m</code> for examples on how
264
+ to use this function.</p>
265
+
266
+ <h1><a id=ack></a> Acknowledgments</h1>
267
+
268
+ <p>The creation of this dataset started during the <em>Johns Hopkins CLSP
269
+ Summer Workshop 2012</em>
270
+ <a href="http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/workshops/archive/ws-12/groups/tduosn/">Towards a Detailed Understanding of Objects and Scenes in Natural Images</a>
271
+ with, in alphabetical order, Matthew B. Blaschko, Ross B. Girshick,
272
+ Juho Kannala, Iasonas Kokkinos, Siddharth Mahendran, Subhransu Maji,
273
+ Sammy Mohamed, Esa Rahtu, Naomi Saphra, Karen Simonyan, Ben Taskar,
274
+ Andrea Vedaldi, and David Weiss.</p>
275
+
276
+ <p>The CLSP workshop was supported by the National Science Foundation via
277
+ Grant No 1005411, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence
278
+ via the JHU Human Language Technology Center of Excellence; and Google
279
+ Inc.</p>
280
+
281
+ <p>A special thanks goes to Pekka Rantalankila for helping with the
282
+ creation of the airplane hieararchy.</p>
283
+
284
+ <p>Many thanks to the photographers that kindly made available their
285
+ images for research purposes. Each photographer is listed below, along
286
+ with a link to his/her <a href="http://airliners.net">airlners.net</a> page:</p>
287
+
288
+ <ul>
289
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/dendrobatid">Mick Bajcar</a></li>
290
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/aldobid">Aldo Bidini</a></li>
291
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/minoeke">Wim Callaert</a></li>
292
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/tommypilot">Tommy Desmet</a></li>
293
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/snorre">Thomas Posch</a></li>
294
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/lemonkitty">James Richard Covington</a></li>
295
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/stegi">Gerry Stegmeier</a></li>
296
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/aal151heavy">Ben Wang</a></li>
297
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/dazbo5">Darren Wilson</a></li>
298
+ <li><a href="http://www.airliners.net/profile/fly-k">Konstantin von Wedelstaedt</a></li>
299
+ </ul>
300
+
301
+ <p>Please note that the images are made available <strong>exclusively for
302
+ non-commercial research purposes</strong>. The original authors retain the
303
+ copyright on the respective pictures and should be contacted for any
304
+ other usage of them.</p>
305
+
306
+ <h1><a id=release></a> Release notes</h1>
307
+
308
+ <ul>
309
+ <li><em>FGVC-Aircraft 2013b</em> - The same as 2013a, but with test annotations included.</li>
310
+ <li><em>FGVC-Aircraft 2013a</em> - First public release of the data.</li>
311
+ </ul>
312
+
313
+ </body>
314
+ </html>
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1
+ # FGVC-Aircraft Benchmark
2
+
3
+ **Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft (FGVC-Aircraft)** is
4
+ a benchmark dataset for the fine grained visual categorization of
5
+ aircraft.
6
+
7
+ * [Data, annotations, and evaluation code](archives/fgvc-aircraft-2013b.tar.gz) [2.75 GB | [MD5 Sum](archives/fgvc-aircraft-2013b.html)].
8
+ * [Annotations and evaluation code only](archives/fgvc-aircraft-2013b-annotations.tar.gz) [375 KB | [MD5 Sum](archives/fgvc-aircraft-2013b-annotations.html)].
9
+ * Project [home page](http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/data/fgvc-aircraft/).
10
+ * This data was used as part of the fine-grained recognition challenge
11
+ [FGComp 2013](https://sites.google.com/site/fgcomp2013/) which ran
12
+ jointly with the ImageNet Challenge 2013
13
+ ([results](https://sites.google.com/site/fgcomp2013/results)). Please
14
+ note that *the evaluation code provided here may differ* from the
15
+ one used in the challenge.
16
+
17
+ Please use the following citation when referring to this dataset:
18
+
19
+ *Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft*, S. Maji, J. Kannala,
20
+ E. Rahtu, M. Blaschko, A. Vedaldi, [arXiv.org](http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.5151), 2013
21
+
22
+ @techreport{maji13fine-grained,
23
+ title = {Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft},
24
+ author = {S. Maji and J. Kannala and E. Rahtu
25
+ and M. Blaschko and A. Vedaldi},
26
+ year = {2013},
27
+ archivePrefix = {arXiv},
28
+ eprint = {1306.5151},
29
+ primaryClass = "cs-cv",
30
+ }
31
+
32
+ For further information see:
33
+
34
+ * [Quick start](#quick)
35
+ * [About aircraft](#aircraft)
36
+ * [Data and annotation format](#format)
37
+ * [Evaluation](#evaluation)
38
+ * [Evaluation metric](#metric)
39
+ * [Evaluation code](#code)
40
+ * [Ackwonledgments](#ack)
41
+ * [Release notes](#release)
42
+
43
+ **Note.** This data has been used as part of the *ImageNet FGVC
44
+ challenge in conjuction with the International Conference on Computer
45
+ Vision (ICCV) 2013*. Test labels were not made available until the
46
+ challenge due to the ImageNet challenge policy. They have now been
47
+ released as part of the download above. If you arelady downloaded the
48
+ iamge archive and want to have access to the test labels, simply
49
+ download the annotations archive again.
50
+
51
+ **Note.** Images in the benchmark are generously made available **for
52
+ non-commercial research purposes only** by a number of *airplane
53
+ spotters*. Please note that the original authors retain the copyright
54
+ of the respective photographs and should be contacted for any other
55
+ use. For further details see the [copyright note](#ack) below.
56
+
57
+ # <a id=quick></a> Quick start
58
+
59
+ The dataset contains 10,200 images of aircraft, with 100 images for
60
+ each of 102 different aircraft model variants, most of which are
61
+ airplanes. The (main) aircraft in each image is annotated with a tight
62
+ bounding box and a hierarchical airplane model label.
63
+
64
+ Aircraft models are organized in a four-levels hierarchy. The four
65
+ levels, from finer to coarser, are:
66
+
67
+ * **Model**, e.g. *Boeing 737-76J*. Since certain models are nearly visually
68
+ indistinguishable, this level is not used in the evaluation.
69
+ * **Variant**, e.g. *Boeing 737-700*. A variant collapses all the
70
+ models that are visually indistinguishable into one class. The
71
+ dataset comprises 102 different variants.
72
+ * **Family**, e.g. *Boeing 737*. The dataset comprises 70 different
73
+ families.
74
+ * **Manufacturer**, e.g. *Boeing*. The dataset comprises 41
75
+ different manufacturers.
76
+
77
+ The data is divided into three equally-sized *training*, *validation*
78
+ and *test* subsets. The first two sets can be used for development,
79
+ and the latter should be used for final evaluation only. The format of
80
+ the data is described [next](#format).
81
+
82
+ The performance of a fine-grained classification algorithm is
83
+ evaluated in term of average class-prediction accuracy. This is
84
+ defined as the average of the diagonal of the row-normalized confusion
85
+ matrix, as used for example in Caltech-101. Three classification
86
+ challenges are considered: variant, family, and manufacturer. An
87
+ [evaluation script](#software) in MATLAB is provided.
88
+
89
+ ## <a href=aircraft></a> About aircraft
90
+
91
+ Aircraft, and in particular airplanes, are alternative to objects
92
+ typically considered for fine-grained categorization such as birds and
93
+ pets. There are several aspects that make aircraft model recognition
94
+ particularly interesting. Firstly, aircraft designs span a hundred
95
+ years, including many thousand different models and hundreds of
96
+ different makes and airlines. Secondly, aircraft designs vary
97
+ significantly depending on the size (from home-built to large
98
+ carriers), destination (private, civil, military), purpose
99
+ (transporter, carrier, training, sport, fighter, etc.), propulsion
100
+ (glider, propeller, jet), and many other factors including
101
+ technology. One particular axis of variation, which is is not shared
102
+ with categories such as animals, is the fact that the *structure* of
103
+ the aircraft changes with their design (number of wings,
104
+ undercarriages, wheel per undercarriage, engines, etc.). Thirdly, any
105
+ given aircraft model can be re-purposed or used by different
106
+ companies, which causes further variations in appearance
107
+ (livery). These, depending on the identification task, may be consider
108
+ as noise or as useful information to be extracted. Finally, aircraft
109
+ are largely rigid objects, which simplifies certain aspects of their
110
+ modeling (compared to highly-deformable animals such as cats),
111
+ allowing one to focus on the core aspects of the fine-grained
112
+ recognition problem.
113
+
114
+ # <a id=format></a> Data format
115
+
116
+ The directory `data` contains the images as well as a number of text
117
+ files with the data annotations.
118
+
119
+ Images are contained in the `data/images` sub-directory. They are in
120
+ JPEG format and have a name composed of seven digits and the `.jpg`
121
+ suffix (e.g. `data/images/1187707.jpg`). The image resolution is about
122
+ 1-2MP. Each image has at the bottom a banner 20 pixels high containing
123
+ [copyright](#ack) information. Please make sure to remove this banner
124
+ when using the images to train and evaluate algorithms.
125
+
126
+ The annotations come in a number of text files. Each line of these
127
+ files contains an image name optionally followed by an image
128
+ annotation, either a textual label or a sequence of numbers.
129
+
130
+ `data/images_train.txt` contains the list of training images:
131
+ <pre>
132
+ 0787226
133
+ 1481091
134
+ 1548899
135
+ 0674300
136
+ ...
137
+ </pre>
138
+ Similar files `data/images_val.txt` and `data/images_test.txt` contain the list
139
+ of validation and test images.
140
+
141
+ `data/images_variant_train.txt`, `data/images_family_train.txt`, and
142
+ `data/images_manufacturer_train.txt` contain the list of training
143
+ images annotated with the model variant, family, and manufacturer
144
+ names respectively:
145
+ <pre>
146
+ 0787226 Abingdon Spherical Free Balloon
147
+ 1481091 AEG Wagner Eule
148
+ 1548899 Aeris Naviter AN-2 Enara
149
+ 0674300 Aeritalia F-104S Starfighter
150
+ ...
151
+ </pre>
152
+ Similar files are provided for the validation and test subsets.
153
+
154
+ Finally, `data/images_box.txt` contains the aircraft bounding
155
+ boxes, one per image. The bounding box is specified by four numbers:
156
+ *xmin*, *ymin*, *xmax* and *ymax*. The top-left pixel of an image has
157
+ coordinate (1,1).
158
+
159
+ # <a id=evaluation></a> Evaluation
160
+
161
+ The performance of a classifier is measured in term of its average
162
+ classification accuracy, as detailed next.
163
+
164
+ ## <a id=metric></a> Evaluation metric
165
+
166
+ The output of a classification algorithm must be a list of triplets of
167
+ the type (*image*,*label*,*score*), where
168
+
169
+ * *image* is an image label, i.e. a seven-digit number,
170
+ * *label* is an image label, i.e.. an aircraft model variant, family, or manufacturer, and
171
+ * *score* is a real number expressing the belief in the judgment.
172
+
173
+ When computing the classification accuracy, an image is assigned the
174
+ label contained in its highest-scoring triplet. An image that has no
175
+ triplets is considered unclassified and always count as a
176
+ classification error (therefore it is better to guess at least one
177
+ label for each image rather than leaving it unclassified).
178
+
179
+ The quality of the predictions is measured in term of *average
180
+ accuracy*, obtained as follows:
181
+
182
+ * The confusion matrix is square, with one row per class.
183
+ * Each element of the confusion matrix is the number of time aircraft
184
+ of a given class (specified by the row) are classified as a second
185
+ class (column). Ideally, the confusion matrix should be diagonal.
186
+ * The confusion matrix is row-normalized by the number of images of
187
+ the corresponding aircraft class (each row therefore sums to one if
188
+ there are no unclassified images).
189
+ * The average accuracy is computed as the average of the diagonal of
190
+ the confusion matrix.
191
+
192
+ There are three challenges: classifying the aircraft variant, family, and manufacturer.
193
+
194
+ ## <a id=code></a> Evaluation code
195
+
196
+ The evaluation protocol has been implemented in the MATLAB m-file
197
+ `evaluation.m`. This function takes the path to the `data` folder, a
198
+ composite name indicating the evaluation subset and challenge
199
+ (e.g. `'manufacturer_test'` or `'family_val'`), and the list of
200
+ triplets, and returns the confusion matrix. For example
201
+
202
+ <pre>
203
+ images = {'2074164'} ;
204
+ labels = {'McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30'} ;
205
+ scores = 1 ;
206
+ confusion = evaluate('/path/fgcv-aircraft/data', 'test', images, labels, scores) ;
207
+ accuracy = mean(diag(confusion)) ;
208
+ </pre>
209
+
210
+ evaluates a classifier output containing exactly one triplet (image,
211
+ label, score), where the image is `'2074164'`, its predicted class is
212
+ `'McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30'`, and the score of the prediction is
213
+ `1`. In practice, a complete set of predictions (one for each
214
+ image-class pair) is usually evaluated.
215
+
216
+ See the builtin help of the `evaluation` MATLAB functions for further
217
+ practical details. See also `example_evaluation.m` for examples on how
218
+ to use this function.
219
+
220
+ # <a id=ack></a> Acknowledgments
221
+
222
+ The creation of this dataset started during the *Johns Hopkins CLSP
223
+ Summer Workshop 2012*
224
+ [Towards a Detailed Understanding of Objects and Scenes in Natural Images](http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/workshops/archive/ws-12/groups/tduosn/)
225
+ with, in alphabetical order, Matthew B. Blaschko, Ross B. Girshick,
226
+ Juho Kannala, Iasonas Kokkinos, Siddharth Mahendran, Subhransu Maji,
227
+ Sammy Mohamed, Esa Rahtu, Naomi Saphra, Karen Simonyan, Ben Taskar,
228
+ Andrea Vedaldi, and David Weiss.
229
+
230
+ The CLSP workshop was supported by the National Science Foundation via
231
+ Grant No 1005411, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence
232
+ via the JHU Human Language Technology Center of Excellence; and Google
233
+ Inc.
234
+
235
+ A special thanks goes to Pekka Rantalankila for helping with the
236
+ creation of the airplane hieararchy.
237
+
238
+ Many thanks to the photographers that kindly made available their
239
+ images for research purposes. Each photographer is listed below, along
240
+ with a link to his/her [airlners.net](http://airliners.net) page:
241
+
242
+ * [Mick Bajcar](http://www.airliners.net/profile/dendrobatid)
243
+ * [Aldo Bidini](http://www.airliners.net/profile/aldobid)
244
+ * [Wim Callaert](http://www.airliners.net/profile/minoeke)
245
+ * [Tommy Desmet](http://www.airliners.net/profile/tommypilot)
246
+ * [Thomas Posch](http://www.airliners.net/profile/snorre)
247
+ * [James Richard Covington](http://www.airliners.net/profile/lemonkitty)
248
+ * [Gerry Stegmeier](http://www.airliners.net/profile/stegi)
249
+ * [Ben Wang](http://www.airliners.net/profile/aal151heavy)
250
+ * [Darren Wilson](http://www.airliners.net/profile/dazbo5)
251
+ * [Konstantin von Wedelstaedt](http://www.airliners.net/profile/fly-k)
252
+
253
+ Please note that the images are made available **exclusively for
254
+ non-commercial research purposes**. The original authors retain the
255
+ copyright on the respective pictures and should be contacted for any
256
+ other usage of them.
257
+
258
+ # <a id=release></a> Release notes
259
+
260
+ * *FGVC-Aircraft 2013b* - The same as 2013a, but with test annotations included.
261
+ * *FGVC-Aircraft 2013a* - First public release of the data.
fgvc-aircraft-2013b/data/families.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ A300
2
+ A310
3
+ A320
4
+ A330
5
+ A340
6
+ A380
7
+ ATR-42
8
+ ATR-72
9
+ An-12
10
+ BAE 146
11
+ BAE-125
12
+ Beechcraft 1900
13
+ Boeing 707
14
+ Boeing 717
15
+ Boeing 727
16
+ Boeing 737
17
+ Boeing 747
18
+ Boeing 757
19
+ Boeing 767
20
+ Boeing 777
21
+ C-130
22
+ C-47
23
+ CRJ-200
24
+ CRJ-700
25
+ Cessna 172
26
+ Cessna 208
27
+ Cessna Citation
28
+ Challenger 600
29
+ DC-10
30
+ DC-3
31
+ DC-6
32
+ DC-8
33
+ DC-9
34
+ DH-82
35
+ DHC-1
36
+ DHC-6
37
+ DR-400
38
+ Dash 8
39
+ Dornier 328
40
+ EMB-120
41
+ Embraer E-Jet
42
+ Embraer ERJ 145
43
+ Embraer Legacy 600
44
+ Eurofighter Typhoon
45
+ F-16
46
+ F/A-18
47
+ Falcon 2000
48
+ Falcon 900
49
+ Fokker 100
50
+ Fokker 50
51
+ Fokker 70
52
+ Global Express
53
+ Gulfstream
54
+ Hawk T1
55
+ Il-76
56
+ King Air
57
+ L-1011
58
+ MD-11
59
+ MD-80
60
+ MD-90
61
+ Metroliner
62
+ PA-28
63
+ SR-20
64
+ Saab 2000
65
+ Saab 340
66
+ Spitfire
67
+ Tornado
68
+ Tu-134
69
+ Tu-154
70
+ Yak-42
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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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Git LFS Details

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