input stringlengths 1 7.98k | output stringlengths 1 11.2k |
|---|---|
### Instruction:
Eight women of different heights are at a party. Each woman decides to only shake hands with women shorter than herself. How many handshakes take place?
### Response:
| Because the women are of different heights, any handshake will take place between two people, one of whom is taller than the other. Of course, the shorter of the two will not participate in the handshake because her handshake partner is not shorter than herself. Applying this logic to all of the pairs, there are $0$ ha... |
### Instruction:
During a year when Thanksgiving is on Thursday, November 23, on what day of the week does December 23 occur?
### Response:
| Keep up with which days are Thursdays by repeatedly adding 7: November 23, November 30, December 7, December 14, and December 21. Since December 23 is two days after December 21, it falls on a $\text{Saturday}$. |
### Instruction:
In any month with five Mondays, a school declares the fifth Monday a Marvelous Monday. School begins on Monday, September 4. What is the date of the first Marvelous Monday after school starts? (If you abbreviate, do not use a dot in the abbreviation.)
### Response:
| September has 30 days. September 4 is a Monday, so September 9 is a Saturday. Since September 30 is exactly 21 days later (or 3 weeks), September 30 is also a Saturday.
Then October 1 is a Sunday, and October 2 is a Monday. Then October 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 are all Mondays, so the first Marvelous Monday is $\text{O... |
### Instruction:
Diana is three years younger than Eduardo. Eduardo is four years older than Chad. Faye is three years older than Chad. Diana is 14 years old. How many years old is Faye?
### Response:
| I want to find Faye's age, but I don't know it directly. I need to use the relationships between the other people's ages to figure it out. I know that Diana is 14, and she is three years younger than Eduardo. That means Eduardo is 14 + 3 = 17 years old. Eduardo is four years older than Chad, so Chad is 17 - 4 = 13 year... |
### Instruction:
The Asian elephant has an average gestation period of 609 days. How many weeks is this gestation period?
### Response:
| To find out how many weeks the gestation period is, I need to convert days to weeks. I know that one week has 7 days, so I can divide the number of days by 7 to get the number of weeks. 609 divided by 7 is 87 with a remainder of 0. This means that the gestation period is exactly 87 weeks long.
|
### Instruction:
Given the information shown in the table, what percent of the human body is made up of elements other than oxygen, carbon and hydrogen? $$\textbf{Elements in the Human Body}$$ \begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\hline \textbf{Element}&\textbf{Percent}\\\hline Oxygen&$65\%$\\\hline Carbon&$18\%$\\\hline Hydrogen&$10... | If oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen make up $65\%+18\%+10\%=93\%$ of the human body, then other elements make up $100\%-93\%=7\%.$ |
### Instruction:
For a certain species of ocean fish, 8 fish can exist per cubic meter of water without the symptoms of overcrowding. If doctors want to study 600 fish, what is the minimum number of cubic meters of water necessary to maintain a healthy study environment?
### Response:
| I need to find the volume of water that can hold 600 fish without overcrowding. I know that 8 fish can live in one cubic meter, so I can divide 600 by 8 to find the number of cubic meters I need. 600 divided by 8 is 75, so I need 75 cubic meters of water. |
### Instruction:
It is perhaps too easy to think of mathematical truths as objective entities existing in the universe, simply waiting to be "discovered" by brilliant minds such as Pythagoras, Newton, and Descartes. Indeed, such a mentality may be cemented in Western minds raised in the Platonic tradition of a world of... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{C}$. To answer this question, you must assess evidence. Since this is an EXCEPT question, you're looking for the choice that is not present in the passage. The passage does discuss experiments, choice $\mathrm{A}$, in the section about violation of expectation tests. The part about the $\... |
### Instruction:
\section{Passage $\mathrm{V}$}
In linguistics, metathesis refers to the reversal of phonemes in a word. This can come about by accident, as in the common mispronunciation "aks" for ask or the common (and correct) pronunciation of iron as "i-orn." It may come about on purpose, as in various language gam... | The correct answer is D. Although the origin of Pig Latin appears to be unknown, the author refers to its use in the prisoner-of-war camps of World War II and Vietnam. The implication is that it was used to communicate between prisoners in a language their captors could not understand. |
### Instruction:
\section{Passage $\mathrm{V}$}
Engineers and computer scientists are intrigued by the potential power of nanocomputing. Nanocomputers will use atoms and molecules to perform their functions instead of the standard integrated circuits now employed. Theorists believe that the amount of information a nano... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{C}$. This question asks you to find the main idea. This passage Passage $\mathrm{V}$ explains that theoretically, a massive amount of computational power is available. However, practical considerations make it unlikely that this limit would ever be reached. Thus choice $\mathrm{C}$ is the... |
### Instruction:
\section{
Language consists of three main parts. The first is simply vocabulary, the lexicon of words available to the speaker to describe particular concepts, actions, and states. The second part is morphology, the set of rules that dictates how words and parts of words may be combined to form other w... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{A}$. This application question asks you to draw conclusions. The author states that the English language makes do with fewer verb forms than other languages, but it still can convey different meanings. This makes choice A correct. Choices B and D are not supported by the passage, and choi... |
### Instruction:
In sharp contrast to the modern, confessional poetry of the 20th century, the oeuvre of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow seems quaint and primly Victorian. During his lifetime, however, he was the most celebrated poet in the country. A closer look at the history of American poetry reveals that, despite his e... | The correct answer is $\mathbf{A}$. This question asks you to assess evidence. To answer it, first note the hypothesis as stated in the question stem: Whitman was responsible for the radical shift in American poetry. Then determine which statements support it and which one does not. The one that does not is the correct... |
### Instruction:
Biologists use the term "living fossil" to designate a species that maintains many of the features of its ancient ancestors. These species have evidenced very little evolutionary change, indicating not that they are primitive creatures as might be popularly believed, but instead that they are exquisite... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{D}$. This question asks you to compare and contrast information found in the passage. We know from the second paragraph that the horseshoe crab is the most recent living fossil at 200 million years old. The other three all date from around 400 million years ago. The final paragraph says t... |
### Instruction:
In early January 2004 , representatives of MacDougall Corporation, makers of the famous "MacDougall Dog" hot dog and related convenience foods sold through thousands of owned and franchised "MacDougall's" restaurants, met with representatives of Time Management, Inc. ("TM"), a firm specializing in time... | B |
### Instruction:
Truffle agreed in writing to lease a restaurant site in a newly constructed mall from Lentil, the owner of the property. The term of the tenancy was two years, and rent was payable in monthly installments at the beginning of each month. At the end of the second year, there had been no discussions betwe... | B |
### Instruction:
The state of North Freedonia has long had a reputation for growing the biggest and tastiest potatoes in the country. Growers of potatoes in North Freedonia recently began spraying Bugoff onto their crops to prevent the spread of the Potato Maggot, an insect that can destroy young potato plants. Bugoff ... | D |
### Instruction:
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection often caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which spreads through the blood to the bones. The infection is quite common after surgeries when soft tissues become infected and the infection moves to the adjacent bones. The long bones of children are particularly... | The correct answer is C. Death of osteoblasts due to S. aureus infection is the result of induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis is triggered by capsase-8, so increasing the activity of capsase-8 would increase the rate of apoptosis and osteoblast death. Further, capsase-8 is activated by TRAIL made by S. aureus, so increas... |
### Instruction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to infect T cells and macrophages possessing the CD4 receptor. In addition to the CD4 receptor, there are a variety of coreceptors that are also needed for certain strains of HIV to infect cells. One of these coreceptors is called CCR5 and is needed for the m... | The correct answer is B. To answer this question, you need to rely on your knowledge of genetics. The passage states that the delta-32 CCR5 mutation is protective against HIV infection. The question indicated that there are two different phenotypes noted within the delta-32 CCR5 mutation-one that offers near 100 percen... |
### Instruction:
At the end of the electron transport chain in aerobic cellular respiration, the final acceptor of the electrons is which will then produce a molecule
A. $\mathrm{CO}_{2} ; \mathrm{O}_{2}$
B. $\mathrm{NAD}^{+} ; \mathrm{NADH}$
C. $\mathrm{O}_{2} ; \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$
D. ADP; ATP
### Input:
Choos... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{C}$. During the electron transport chain, oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor during aerobic respiration. In addition to serving as an electron acceptor, the oxygen also gathers protons from the electron transport chain, producing water in the process. |
### Instruction:
Endothelin is a vasoactive peptide involved in a variety of processes, including the control of blood flow. Endothelin is capable of binding to two different receptors. There are receptors for endothelin located on smooth muscle (ETA) and receptors for endothelin located on vascular endothelium (ETB). ... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{B}$. The results from the drug $\mathrm{X}$ group indicate that the treatment caused an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure. This helps us to eliminate choice $\mathrm{A}$, which suggests that drug $\mathrm{X}$ is binding to ETA. If this were the case, the drug would be bound to ET... |
### Instruction:
Sperm count in human males is influenced by a variety of factors. One of the most important variables affecting sperm count is the number of Sertoli cells located in seminiferous tubules of the testes. The Sertoli cells' primary function is to nurture cells through the process of spermatogenesis by pro... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{A}$. The blood-testis barrier is described in the passage as a barricade to establish immune privilege for the testes. To answer this question, you need to think about how the sperm cells in the testes would compare to other cells in the body. Sperm cells are haploid, and all are genetica... |
### Instruction:
The discovery and development of various types of anesthesia have revolutionized modern medicine, allowing many medical procedures to be performed with minimal discomfort to the patient. Local anesthesia is used to induce loss of sensation in a particular area, while general anesthesia is used to induc... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{B}$. This question relies on your knowledge of the anatomy of the heart and the conducting system of the heart. The sinoatrial node (SA node) is a group of conducting cells located in the right atrium. Recall that the valves of the heart are atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar valves. The... |
### Instruction:
Leukemia is a term that describes a wide variety of blood cell cancers. Most leukemia cases involve elevated leukocyte counts. In acute cases of leukemia, immature leukocytes proliferate quickly, which leads to many abnormal immature cells in the bone marrow. This inhibits the ability of the bone marro... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{A}$. The blood-brain barrier is a change in the permeability of blood vessels leading to the brain. Depending on the chemical composition, some drugs can cross and some cannot. Of the choices listed, it seems that if the drugs cannot reach the brain, then they have not crossed the blood-b... |
### Instruction:
Neurons contain a high concentration of potassium ions relative to the fluids surrounding them. How could a neuron acquire even more potassium?
A. active transport
B. osmosis
C. endocytosis
D. diffusion
### Input:
Choose A, B, C or D as your solution.
### Response:
| The correct answer is A. This question is asking how to move a potassium ion (which is small) from an area that has a low concentration to an area with a relatively higher concentration. In this case we are moving against the concentration gradient. The transport type that could do this is active transport, using energ... |
### Instruction:
Passage $\mathrm{V}$
For many years, researchers have been interested in developing edible vaccines that would provide protection against various bacterial and viral diseases. An edible vaccine is a genetically modified organism (GMO) that is created when genes from the bacteria or virus being vaccinat... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{B}$. This question requires an understanding of the specific defenses of the immune system. The ultimate goal of the specific defenses is to allow for the production of antibodies from plasma cells and the production of cytotoxic $\mathrm{T}$ cells. However, neither of these things can oc... |
### Instruction:
Genetically modified (GM) foods contain DNA from more than one source. The goal of creating GM foods is to modify the organisms to express new and useful traits. A few examples involve engineering crops to be resistant to bacterial or viral infections, to be resistant to herbicides, to ripen more slowl... | The correct answer is C. Restriction enzymes are known to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences and are valuable tools for excising genes to be transferred from one source to another. Reverse transcriptase is used to copy RNA to DNA. Viral vectors can carry DNA of interest into other cells, but they are not used to... |
### Instruction:
An endocrinologist has been studying an enzyme that she suspects is the rate-limiting step in the conversion of cholesterol to estrogen. It is reported in the literature that female mice with a mutation in the gene coding for this enzyme reach sexual maturity earlier than mice without the mutation. Con... | Rate-limiting steps generally require the highest activation energies and are the slowest steps in a metabolic pathway. |
### Instruction:
The process of quorum sensing is observed in a variety of species. It involves a system of communication between organisms that is dependent on population density. Bacteria are notorious for using quorum sensing (QS) via the secretion of secreted signaling molecules, called autoinducers (AI), to coordi... | The correct answer is $\mathbf{A}$. The advantage of biofilm formation is that it provides a direct and strong attachment to its host. Biofilms are notoriously difficult to eradicate, and the bacteria within them are provided protection against many variables, sometimes including antibiotics. |
### Instruction:
During pulmonary gas exchange, oxygen and carbon dioxide always move:
A. into the alveoli
B. into the blood
C. from high to low concentration
D. out of the blood
### Input:
Choose A, B, C or D as your solution.
### Response:
| The correct answer is C. Pulmonary gas exchange is always based on simple diffusion. Diffusion allows for the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of the substance to an area of low concentration of the substance. Depending on the concentrations, oxygen and carbon dioxide will move in variable dir... |
### Instruction:
The major constituent of blood plasma is:
A. protein
B. $\mathrm{NaCl}$
C. water
D. cholesterol
### Input:
Choose A, B, C or D as your solution.
### Response:
| The correct answer is C. Blood is a fluid made up of liquid plasma (55\%), the primary component of which is water, and floating cells (45\%). The plasma is richly endowed with dissolved proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. |
### Instruction:
Questions 18-20 are based on the following data.
The generalized events in DNA replication can be depicted by the following flowchart:
Double helix $\rightarrow$ Nicking of a strand $\rightarrow$ Unwinding $\rightarrow$ Destabilization and relief of pressure $\rightarrow$ Initiation $\rightarrow$ Elong... | The correct answer is C. Chain growth in DNA replication is initiated by a primase and is extended by a DNA polymerase. Thus the enzyme acting between Initiation $\rightarrow$ Elongation is DNA polymerase. |
### Instruction:
The hormone responsible for maintaining control of water balance in the human body is:
A. antidiuretic hormone
B. luteinizing hormone
C. adrenocorticotropic hormone
D. growth hormone
### Input:
Choose A, B, C or D as your solution.
### Response:
| The correct answer is A. This problem can be solved through knowledge of each of the various hormones given in the four options. Antidiuretic hormone maintains control of water balance in the human body by stimulating increased water reabsorption by the kidneys. Luteinizing hormone stimulates secretion of sex hormones ... |
### Instruction:
\section{Passage $\mathrm{V}$}
A student performed qualitative tests on a series of unknown chemicals in order to identify them. The unknowns included $\mathrm{NaCl}, \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$, sugar $\left(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}\right), \mathrm{MgSO}_{4}$, $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{A}$. If the $\mathrm{pH}=10$, then the $\mathrm{pOH}$ is 4 because $\mathrm{pH}+\mathrm{pOH}=14$. Given the $\mathrm{pOH}=4$, the $\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]$is $1 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{M}$. When the $K_{\mathrm{sp}}$ expression is written for magnesium hydroxide, we get $K_{\mathrm{sp... |
### Instruction:
The DNA doubles and chromosomes replicate during which phase of the cell cycle?
A. $\mathrm{G} 1$
B. metaphase
C. $\mathrm{S}$
D. G2
### Input:
Choose A, B, C or D as your solution.
### Response:
| The correct answer is C. The majority of the cell cycle is spent in interphase, which consists of three stages: G1, S, and G2. In the G1 stage of interphase, the cell organelles are doubled, and materials required for DNA synthesis are accumulated for the onset of cell division. The $\mathrm{S}$ stage of interphase is ... |
### Instruction:
Venous blood coming from the head area in humans returns to the heart through which major vessel?
A. superior vena cava
B. aorta
C. hepatic portal vein
D. carotid artery
### Input:
Choose A, B, C or D as your solution.
### Response:
| The correct answer is A. The superior vena cava is the vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the heart into its right atrium. The aorta is the largest and longest of the arteries of the human body that transports oxygenated blood directly from the left ventricle to all other organs and... |
### Instruction:
The kidneys are responsible for filtering certain components of blood and producing urine from them. In an adult, the kidneys are typically capable of processing about 1 to $1.5$ liters of water per hour depending on the individual and conditions within the body. In a condition known as water intoxicat... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{A}$. In this case, administering a solution that is hypertonic to the cells would help. A hypertonic extracellular solution would draw water out of the swollen cells to counteract the effects of water intoxication. An isotonic solution would not help. A solution low in solute concentratio... |
### Instruction:
A certain type of cell makes antibodies that are secreted from the cell. It is possible to track the path of these as they leave the cell by labeling them with radioactive isotopes. Which of the following might be the path of antibodies from where they are made to the cell membrane?
A. Golgi complex to... | The correct answer is B. Antibodies are proteins that are secreted from the cell. Proteins would be produced and labeled by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. From there, they would be sorted by the Golgi complex and finally directed to the cell membrane for secretion. |
### Instruction:
Which of the following statements BEST explains why your body prefers to perform aerobic respiration as opposed to anaerobic respiration?
A. Anaerobic respiration does not allow for NADH to be recycled to NAD+.
B. Aerobic respiration requires less of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) investment than anae... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{C}$. The primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic No Passage cellular respiration is the amount of ATP generated. Anaerobic respiration generates far less ATP per glucose molecule than does aerobic respiration. |
### Instruction:
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following structures in common?
A. a membrane-bound nucleus
B. a cell wall made of cellulose
C. ribosomes
D. linear chromosomes made of DNA
### Input:
Choose A, B, C or D as your solution.
### Response:
| The correct answer is C. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus. Their DNA is circular and does not exist as linear chromosomes. Prokaryotic cells can have a cell wall, but it is typically made of peptidoglycan. The only item on this list that is common between prokaryotic and eukaryotic c... |
### Instruction:
When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to occur, which of the following will be observed?
A. Water will move from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
B. The solute will ... | The correct answer is A. Osmosis is a specialized form of diffusion, or passive transport. During osmosis, water always moves from the side of the membrane that has more water to the side of the membrane that has less water. The only thing that moves by osmosis is water. This means that choice B can be eliminated becau... |
### Instruction:
The kidneys are responsible for filtering certain components of blood and producing urine from them. In an adult, the kidneys are typically capable of processing about 1 to $1.5$ liters of water per hour depending on the individual and conditions within the body. In a condition known as water intoxicat... | The correct answer is $\mathrm{B}$. In the proximal convoluted tubule, the primary events are the reabsorption of nutrients and water. There are two regions in the nephron where large amounts of sodium and water are reabsorbed. In the loop of Henle, the countercurrent multiplier system is used, which leads to the reabs... |
### Instruction:
At room temperature, $k_{\mathrm{B}} T / e=26 \mathrm{mV}$. A sample of cadmium sulfide displays a mobile carrier density of $10^{16} \mathrm{~cm}^{-3}$ and a mobility coefficient $\mu=10^{2} \mathrm{~cm}^{2} /$ volt sec.
The carriers are continuously trapped into immobile sites and then being thermal... | The electrical conductivity is given by $\sigma=n e \mu$. With $n=10^{22} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}$, $e=1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}, \mu=10^{-2} \mathrm{~m}^{2} \mathrm{~V}^{-1} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$, we have for the material $\sigma=$ $16 \Omega^{-1} \mathrm{~m}^{-1}$.The law of equipartition of energy
$$
\frac{1}{2} m \bar{v... |
### Instruction:
Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
A: Steven's brother Jim wondered whether he ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon.
B: Steven's brother Jim wondered whether Steven ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon.
### Response:
| The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Steven or Jim.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. He has been replaced with Steven.
Steven's brother Jim wondered whether Steven ran fast enough to qualify for the Boston Marathon... |
### Instruction:
What do these two changes have in common?
tearing a piece of paper
breaking a piece of glass
A: Both are only physical changes.
B: Both are chemical changes.
C: Both are caused by cooling.
D: Both are caused by heating.
### Response:
| Step 1: Think about each change.
Tearing a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper tears into pieces. But each piece is still made of paper.
Breaking a piece of glass is a physical change. The glass gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter.
Step 2: Look at each answer choi... |
### Instruction:
Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her word choice?
When I said that I wanted to take a cooking class, I didn't know what I was getting into. I love cooking, but I'm very shy and hate being in the spotlight. The first time the teacher asked me to do ... | The writer could best improve his or her word choice by using more precise verbs.
For example, the writer could replace the underlined words with verbs such as announced, realize, adore, abhor, demonstrate, gripped, clanged, retrieved, deposited, selected, and sliced.
When I said that I wanted to take a cooking class, ... |
### Instruction:
Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Hunter remarked that the new book on anti-gravity was impossible to put down.
A: alliteration
B: pun
### Response:
| The text uses a pun, a word or phrase that humorously suggests more than one meaning.
Impossible to put down means that the book is so good that it is hard to stop reading. The phrase impossible to put down is also a joke about anti-gravity: if gravity pulls things down, perhaps anti-gravity does the opposite and makes... |
### Instruction:
Select the living thing.
A: teddy bear
B: amoebae
C: van
D: kite
### Response:
| A teddy bear is not a living thing.
Teddy bears do not have all of the traits of living things. They do not grow or respond to their environment. They do not need food or water.
A kite is not a living thing.
A kite does not have all the traits of a living thing. It moves fast in the wind, but it does not grow. It does ... |
### Instruction:
Is this a run-on sentence?
If you have a hankering for a delicious bowl of soup, you should try Mr. Montoya's smoked French onion soup made with Vidalia onions, smoked Gruyère cheese, and fresh thyme.
A: no
B: yes
### Response:
| This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation.
If you have a hankering for a delicious bowl of soup, you should try Mr. Montoya's smoked French onion soup made with Vidalia onions, smoked Gruyère cheese, and fresh thyme. |
### Instruction:
Which sentence states a fact?
A: The prettiest parts of the Rocky Mountains are in the state of Wyoming.
B: In the United States, the Rocky Mountains stretch from New Mexico to Montana.
### Response:
| The second sentence states a fact.
In the United States, the Rocky Mountains stretch from New Mexico to Montana.
It can be proved by checking a map of the United States.
The first sentence states an opinion.
The prettiest parts of the Rocky Mountains are in the state of Wyoming.
Prettiest shows what a person believes, ... |
### Instruction:
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
There was rain and sleet in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, last weekend.
A: weather
B: climate
### Response:
| Read the text carefully.
There was rain and sleet in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, last weekend.
This passage tells you about the precipitation in Sioux Falls last weekend. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. |
### Instruction:
Select the reptile.
A: eagle ray
B: dwarf crocodile
C: California newt
D: harbor seal
### Response:
| An eagle ray is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Rays have a different shape than many other fish. Rays are large and flat. They have wide, triangle-shaped fins that help them swim long distances.
A harbor seal is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.
Seals have flippers instead of arms! Th... |
### Instruction:
Assume all other forces on Tamir are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Tamir?
A: The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Tamir.
B: The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Tamir.
### Response:
| To determine if there is a net force on Tamir, look at the forces:
Earth's gravity is pulling Tamir down with a force of 400 N.
The diving board is pushing Tamir up with a force of 400 N.
The forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have the same magnitude: 400 N. This means that the forces are balanced, so th... |
### Instruction:
Which sentence states a fact?
A: The giant anteater uses its sticky tongue to grab insects.
B: The eating habits of the giant anteater are disgusting.
### Response:
| The first sentence states a fact.
The giant anteater uses its sticky tongue to grab insects.
It can be proved by looking up information about anteaters.
The second sentence states an opinion.
The eating habits of the giant anteater are disgusting.
Disgusting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another perso... |
### Instruction:
Complete the sentence.
In this chemical reaction, glucose is a ().
A: reactant
B: product
### Response:
| Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to glucose in this chemical reaction.
Plants make glucose, a sugar they can use for food, through a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use energy from sunlight to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide. In the proc... |
### Instruction:
Select the vertebrate.
A: redback spider
B: common octopus
C: birdwing butterfly
D: asp viper
### Response:
| Like other octopuses, a common octopus is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.
Like other spiders, a redback spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A birdwing butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a birdwing butterfly is an invertebrate. It does... |
### Instruction:
What do these two changes have in common?
a banana getting ripe on the counter
newly poured concrete becoming hard
A: Both are caused by heating.
B: Both are chemical changes.
C: Both are caused by cooling.
D: Both are only physical changes.
### Response:
| Step 1: Think about each change.
A banana getting ripe on the counter is a chemical change. As a banana ripens, the type of matter in it changes. The peel changes color and the inside becomes softer and sweeter.
Concrete hardening is a chemical change. The chemicals in the concrete react with each other to form a diffe... |
### Instruction:
Which text uses the word literally in its traditional sense?
A: Cara adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally a million years old.
B: Cara adores the classic Renaissance style of the Ri... | The second text uses literally in its traditional sense: in a factual, non-exaggerated way.
Cara adores the classic Renaissance style of the Rialto Bridge in Venice. She was surprised to learn that the bridge remains functional even though it is literally hundreds of years old.
The first text uses literally in its nont... |
### Instruction:
Compare the motion of two fish. Which fish was moving at a higher speed?
A: a fish that moved 50kilometers in 10hours
B: a fish that moved 85kilometers in 10hours
### Response:
| Look at the distance each fish moved and the time it took to move that distance.
One fish moved 85 kilometers in 10 hours.
The other fish moved 50 kilometers in 10 hours.
Notice that each fish spent the same amount of time moving. The fish that moved 85 kilometers moved a farther distance in that time. So, that fish mu... |
### Instruction:
What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"This is the best day of my life," Mr. Hogan mumbled after his car broke down on the way to an important job interview.
A: Mr. Hogan was having a bad day.
B: Mr. Hogan liked fixing cars.
### Response:
| The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
The best day of my life ironically suggests that Mr. Hogan was having a bad day. He was having the opposite of a good day because his car broke down when he needed to be on time. |
### Instruction:
What do these two changes have in common?
a slice of banana turning brown
grilling a hamburger
A: Both are chemical changes.
B: Both are caused by heating.
C: Both are caused by cooling.
D: Both are only physical changes.
### Response:
| Step 1: Think about each change.
A slice of banana turning brown is a chemical change. The part of the banana in contact with the air reacts with oxygen and turns into a different type of matter.
Grilling a hamburger is a chemical change. Heat from the grill causes the matter in the meat to change. Cooked meat and raw ... |
### Instruction:
Is a travel bag a good or a service?
A: a good
B: a service
### Response:
| To decide whether a travel bag is a good or a service, ask these questions:
Is a travel bag something you can touch? Yes.
Is a travel bag a job you might pay someone else to do? No.
So, a travel bag is a good. |
### Instruction:
What does the idiom in this text suggest?
"Speak of the devil!" Whitney declared when Charlie strolled into the room.
A: Whitney had just been speaking about Charlie.
B: Whitney didn't trust Charlie.
### Response:
| The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.
The idiom speak of the devil suggests that Whitney had just been speaking about Charlie. People say this when the person they've just been speaking about coincidentally arrives, as if summoned. |
### Instruction:
Which is smoother?
A: concrete sidewalk
B: silk necktie
### Response:
| Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.
Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.
Of the choices, the silk necktie is smoother. If you touch silk fabric, it will not feel rough. |
### Instruction:
Use the evidence in the text to select the photosynthetic organism.
A: Mossy frogs get the energy they need to live by eating insects. The frogs capture insects with their tongues.
B: Sphagnum mosses get the energy they need to live from sugars. The mosses make these sugars from carbon dioxide and wate... | This organism is photosynthetic:
The text tells you that Sphagnum mosses get energy from the sugars they make using carbon dioxide and water. This is evidence that the Sphagnum moss is a photosynthetic organism.
This organism is not photosynthetic:
The text does not provide evidence that the mossy frog is photosyntheti... |
### Instruction:
Compare the motion of two motorboats. Which motorboat was moving at a higher speed?
A: a motorboat that moved 135miles in 10hours
B: a motorboat that moved 240miles in 10hours
### Response:
| Look at the distance each motorboat moved and the time it took to move that distance.
One motorboat moved 240 miles in 10 hours.
The other motorboat moved 135 miles in 10 hours.
Notice that each motorboat spent the same amount of time moving. The motorboat that moved 240 miles moved a farther distance in that time. So,... |
### Instruction:
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
When I learned the details of Lillian's Faustian bargain, I was in disbelief.
A: literature
B: Roman mythology
### Response:
| The source of the allusion Faustian bargain is literature.
In a play by Christopher Marlowe based on the legend of Faust, a man strikes a deal with the devil. Disregarding the long-term consequences of his actions, he sells his soul in exchange for power.
The allusion Faustian bargain means a compromise of one's values... |
### Instruction:
Select the vertebrate.
A: ladybug
B: earthworm
C: mosquito
D: rainbow trout
### Response:
| A mosquito is an insect. Like other insects, a mosquito is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
An earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an inver... |
### Instruction:
Select the amphibian.
A: great crested newt
B: robin
C: blue-footed booby
D: helmeted iguana
### Response:
| A great crested newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.
A blue-footed booby is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
Blue-footed boobies live on tropical islands in the Pacific Ocean.
A helmeted iguan... |
### Instruction:
Select the one animal that has all of the reptile traits listed above.
A: Cardinalfish have scaly skin and live near coral reefs. Cardinalfish lay eggs with no shells and have fins that help them swim underwater.
B: Galapagos giant tortoises hatch from eggs with shells and live on the Galapagos Islands... | To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.
Reptiles have the following traits:
They have scaly, waterproof skin.
They make eggs with shells.
Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.
A Galapagos giant tortoise has th... |
### Instruction:
Which sentence states a fact?
A: A plain omelet takes one or two minutes to cook on top of a stove.
B: An omelet is worth the effort needed to make it.
### Response:
| The first sentence states a fact.
A plain omelet takes one or two minutes to cook on top of a stove.
It can be proved by looking up instructions for making an omelet.
The second sentence states an opinion.
An omelet is worth the effort needed to make it.
Worth the effort shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. ... |
### Instruction:
Based on this information, what is this rose plant's phenotype for the flower color trait?
A: dark yellow flowers
B: ff
### Input:
All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism... | An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The rose plant's observable version of the flower color trait is dark yellow flowers. So, the plant's phenotype for the flower color trait is dark yellow flowers. |
### Instruction:
Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
A: Perfume is not a pure substance. It is made by humans.
B: Gypsum is a solid. It is formed in nature.
C: Sphalerite is not made by living things. It is a solid.
### Response:
| Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.
Gypsum is a mineral.
Perfume is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.
Perfume is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.
So, perfume is ... |
### Instruction:
Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
A: Right after Martina bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it.
B: Right after she bought it, Martina dropped the book for her literature class.
### Response:
| The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the book or the class.
Right after Martina bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the mea... |
### Instruction:
Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
A: Chalcopyrite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.
B: Paint is not a pure substance. It is made in a factory.
C: Graphite is not made by living things. It is formed in nature.
### Response:
| Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.
Graphite is a mineral.
Paint is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.
Paint is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.
So, paint is not a ... |
### Instruction:
Complete the statement.
Hydrogen chloride is ().
A: a compound
B: an elementary substance
### Response:
| You can tell whether hydrogen chloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.
The chemical formula for hydrogen chloride, HCl, contains... |
### Instruction:
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Hanson enjoys the cool evening breezes that are common on summer evenings where he lives.
A: weather
B: climate
### Response:
| Read the text carefully.
Hanson enjoys the cool evening breezes that are common on summer evenings where he lives.
This passage tells you about the usual wind patterns where Hanson lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. |
### Instruction:
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
By the time Sarah had finished explaining to Mr. Kramer what had happened, her friends were laughingly referring to her as Scheherazade.
A: ancient legend
B: the Bible
### Response:
| The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend.
The Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales.
The allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someo... |
### Instruction:
Select the vertebrate.
A: woodpecker
B: castor bean tick
C: grasshopper
D: red-spotted purple butterfly
### Response:
| A woodpecker is a bird. Like other birds, a woodpecker is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
A grasshopper is an insect. Like other insects, a grasshopper is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A red-spotted purple butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a red-spotted purple butterfly... |
### Instruction:
What does the idiom in this text suggest?
In such an unfamiliar environment, Dirk was a fish out of water.
A: Dirk felt out of place.
B: Dirk had not visited that location before.
### Response:
| The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.
The idiom a fish out of water suggests that Dirk felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment. |
### Instruction:
What do these two changes have in common?
mixing sand and water
a sidewalk heating up in the sun
A: Both are chemical changes.
B: Both are caused by cooling.
C: Both are only physical changes.
D: Both are caused by heating.
### Response:
| Step 1: Think about each change.
Mixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.
A sidewalk heating up in the sun is a physical change. The temperature of the sidewalk goes up, but the sidewalk is still made of... |
### Instruction:
Complete the statement.
During this chemical reaction, the solution becomes ().
A: colder
B: warmer
### Response:
| To determine whether the solution becomes warmer or colder, look for the text that describes the movement of thermal energy during the reaction.Pickling is used to prevent foods such as meat and vegetables from spoiling too soon. Food that has been pickled may remain edible for more than a year! One type of pickling in... |
### Instruction:
Each bus takes the same amount of time to stop. Which school bus needs a larger force to come to a stop?
A: a school bus carrying 700 pounds
B: a school bus carrying 500 pounds
### Response:
| Look for the school bus that is heavier.
A school bus carrying 700 pounds is heavier than a school bus carrying 500 pounds. So, the school bus carrying 700 pounds needs a larger force to come to a stop in the same amount of time as the other bus. |
### Instruction:
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
The politician's staff decided it was time to get off the Titanic, so they left the campaign and started looking for other jobs.
A: history
B: a song
### Response:
| The source of the allusion Titanic is history.
The Titanic was a luxury steamship touted as indestructible, but in 1912, on its maiden voyage, it hit an iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean and sank.
The allusion Titanic means a large project facing failure. |
### Instruction:
Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
A: Danny peeled the wrappers off of the blueberry muffins and then set them aside.
B: Danny peeled the wrappers off of the blueberry muffins and then set the wrappers aside.
### Response:
| The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the wrappers or the blueberry muffins.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the wrappers.
Danny peeled the wrappers off of the blueberry muffins and th... |
### Instruction:
What does the simile in this text suggest?
A simple change of scenery can be like an ice-cold lemonade on a warm summer day.
A: Spending time in a different place is refreshing.
B: A cold climate is invigorating.
### Response:
| The text includes a simile, using like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.
The simile like an ice-cold lemonade suggests that spending time in a different place is refreshing. An ice-cold lemonade can make you feel better, and so can a change of scenery. |
### Instruction:
Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?
A: Bonnie is excellent in her position as class treasurer. She always manages to be disinterested in student council debates about the allocation of extracurricular funds.
B: Bonnie is happy with her position as class treasurer. Though sh... | The second text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.
Bonnie is excellent in her position as class treasurer. She always manages to be disinterested in student council debates about the allocation of extracurricular funds.
The first text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: unin... |
### Instruction:
Which is the most flexible?
A: cardboard
B: brick path
C: wood board
### Response:
| Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.
Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.
Of the choices, the cardboard is the most flexible. If you gently twist cardboard, it will not tear easily. |
### Instruction:
Which sentence states a fact?
A: In a beehive, a worker bee's job is more important than the queen's job.
B: In a beehive, the queen lays eggs while the workers guard the hive.
### Response:
| The second sentence states a fact.
In a beehive, the queen lays eggs while the workers guard the hive.
It can be proved by reading a book about bees.
The first sentence states an opinion.
In a beehive, a worker bee's job is more important than the queen's job.
More important shows what a person believes, thinks, or fee... |
### Instruction:
Select the one animal that has all of the marsupial traits listed above.
A: Koalas have fluffy gray fur. Until a baby koala is about seven months old, its mother carries it in a pouch on the front of her body.
B: Galapagos giant tortoises hatch from eggs with shells and live on the Galapagos Islands in... | To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.
Marsupials have the following traits:
They have offspring that lives in the mother's pouch after birth.
They have fur or hair.
Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.
A Ga... |
### Instruction:
Is a toy a good or a service?
A: a good
B: a service
### Response:
| To decide whether a toy is a good or a service, ask these questions:
Is a toy something you can touch? Yes.
Is a toy a job you might pay someone else to do? No.
So, a toy is a good. |
### Instruction:
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Troy's Falstaffian nature makes him stand out at a party.
A: Greek mythology
B: Shakespeare
### Response:
| The source of the allusion Falstaffian is Shakespeare.
Sir John Falstaff, a comical character in several of William Shakespeare's plays, is known for his cheerful sociability and sometimes off-color humor.
The allusion Falstaffian means characterized by joviality and enjoyment of food and drink. |
### Instruction:
Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
A: Scott, did you ask the nurses if the flu vaccination is available yet?
B: Scott, did you ask them if the flu vaccination is available yet?
### Response:
| The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the nurses.
Scott, did you ask the nurses if the flu vaccination is available yet? |
### Instruction:
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Caleb lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds.
A: climate
B: weather
### Response:
| Read the text carefully.
Caleb lives in a city that is often covered by thick stratus clouds.
This passage tells you about the usual clouds where Caleb lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. |
### Instruction:
Select the vertebrate.
A: green iguana
B: julia butterfly
C: black orb weaver spider
D: bull ant
### Response:
| A bull ant is an insect. Like other insects, a bull ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
Like other spiders, a black orb weaver spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A julia butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a julia butterfly is a... |
### Instruction:
What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem," Brennan joked with a yawn.
A: Brennan finds roosters amusing.
B: Brennan slept poorly.
### Response:
| The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
Sleeping through the rooster's crowing was no problem ironically suggests that Brennan slept poorly. Brennan was tired, so the rooster's crowing was clearly a problem. |
### Instruction:
What do these two changes have in common?
a puddle freezing into ice on a cold night
shaking up salad dressing
A: Both are caused by heating.
B: Both are chemical changes.
C: Both are caused by cooling.
D: Both are only physical changes.
### Response:
| Step 1: Think about each change.
A puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.
Shaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together... |
### Instruction:
Complete the sentence.
Making whipped cream is a ().
A: chemical change
B: physical change
### Response:
| Making whipped cream is a physical change. Whipped cream is a mixture of cream and air. But making a mixture does not form a different type of matter.
As cream is whipped, its molecules begin to stick together. But the bonds between the atoms in the molecules do not change. Air gets trapped between the molecules in the... |
### Instruction:
Which is a complex sentence?
A: Kenny picked raspberries in the field until his fingertips were stained red.
B: In June, Sue and Mitchell will graduate with honors from Clarksville High School.
### Response:
| The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction until.
Kenny picked raspberries in the field until his fingertips were stained red. |
### Instruction:
Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
A: Alice and her husband met Jill for lunch at a small café around the block from her office.
B: Alice and her husband met Jill for lunch at a small café around the block from Jill's office.
### Response:
| The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun her could refer to Alice or Jill.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Her has been replaced with Jill's.
Alice and her husband met Jill for lunch at a small café around the block from Jill's office. |
### Instruction:
Which sentence states a fact?
A: Bananas taste great with melted chocolate.
B: Bananas turn yellow as they become ripe.
### Response:
| The first sentence states a fact.
Bananas turn yellow as they become ripe.
It can be proved by observing bananas as they ripen.
The second sentence states an opinion.
Bananas taste great with melted chocolate.
Great shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about how ... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.